1
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Butson JD, Tournet J, Gupta B, Sharma A, Lysevych M, Haggren T, Jagadish C, Tan HH, Karuturi S. AlGaAs as an Alternative Solar Water Splitting Material: Insights into Performance, Stability, and Future Directions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39148235 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
This study offers an in-depth examination of aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) as a high-performance and durable material for photoelectrochemical water splitting, a key method of cost-effective renewable hydrogen production. Purpose-designed pin-AlGaAs photocathodes are demonstrated to yield a remarkable photocurrent density of over 15 mA/cm2 and an impressive onset potential of 1.11 V vs RHE. These results significantly outperform those achieved with other materials, marking a considerable advancement in the field. Moreover, this work addresses the long-standing issue of AlGaAs corrosion in an aqueous electrolyte. An innovative approach using a 60 nm TiO2 protection layer is introduced, providing substantial corrosion resistance in acidic environments and thereby enhancing material durability. This research also provides valuable insights into the role of passivation layers on charge transfer. It was found that an n-GaAs passivation layer further enhances the onset potential, whereas an n-InGaP layer contributes to a decline in the overall performance. These findings pave the way for new applications of AlGaAs in solar water splitting technology, offering a promising pathway toward the development of efficient AlGaAs/Si tandem water splitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Butson
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julie Tournet
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Bikesh Gupta
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Astha Sharma
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Mykhaylo Lysevych
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Tuomas Haggren
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Siva Karuturi
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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2
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Wang L, Wang M, Syeda A, Ye F, Liu C, Tao Y, Chen C, Liu B. Thermocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water at Boiling Condition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400561. [PMID: 38639024 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Thermochemical water-splitting cycles are technically feasible for hydrogen production from water. However, the ultrahigh operation temperature and low efficiency seriously restrict their practical application. Herein, one-step and one-pot thermocatalytic water-splitting process is reported at water boiling condition catalyzed by single atomic Pt on defective In2O3. Water splitting into hydrogen is verified by D2O isotopic experiment, with an optimized hydrogen production rate of 36.4 mmol·h-1·g-1 as calculated on Pt active sites. It is revealed that three-centered Pt1In2 surrounding oxygen vacancy as catalytic ensembles promote the dissociation of the adsorbed water into H, which transfers to singlet atomic Pt sites for H2 production. Remaining OH groups on adjacent In sites from Pt1In2 ensembles undergoes O─O bonding, hyperoxide formation and diminishing via triethylamine oxidation, water re-adsorption for completing the catalytic cycle. Current work represents an isothermal and continuous thermocatalytic water splitting under mild condition, which can re-awaken the research interest to produce H2 from water using low-grade heat and competes with photocatalytic, electrolytic, and photoelectric reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Arooj Syeda
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Fei Ye
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Congyan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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3
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Chandran B, Oh JK, Lee SW, Um DY, Kim SU, Veeramuthu V, Park JS, Han S, Lee CR, Ra YH. Solar-Driven Sustainability: III-V Semiconductor for Green Energy Production Technologies. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:244. [PMID: 38990425 PMCID: PMC11239647 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Long-term societal prosperity depends on addressing the world's energy and environmental problems, and photocatalysis has emerged as a viable remedy. Improving the efficiency of photocatalytic processes is fundamentally achieved by optimizing the effective utilization of solar energy and enhancing the efficient separation of photogenerated charges. It has been demonstrated that the fabrication of III-V semiconductor-based photocatalysts is effective in increasing solar light absorption, long-term stability, large-scale production and promoting charge transfer. This focused review explores on the current developments in III-V semiconductor materials for solar-powered photocatalytic systems. The review explores on various subjects, including the advancement of III-V semiconductors, photocatalytic mechanisms, and their uses in H2 conversion, CO2 reduction, environmental remediation, and photocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions. In order to design heterostructures, the review delves into basic concepts including solar light absorption and effective charge separation. It also highlights significant advancements in green energy systems for water splitting, emphasizing the significance of establishing eco-friendly systems for CO2 reduction and hydrogen production. The main purpose is to produce hydrogen through sustainable and ecologically friendly energy conversion. The review intends to foster the development of greener and more sustainable energy source by encouraging researchers and developers to focus on practical applications and advancements in solar-powered photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagavath Chandran
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Engineering College, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development (RCAMD), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyun Oh
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Engineering College, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development (RCAMD), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Engineering College, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development (RCAMD), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Um
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Engineering College, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development (RCAMD), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Un Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Engineering College, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development (RCAMD), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Vignesh Veeramuthu
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Engineering College, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development (RCAMD), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seo Park
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Engineering College, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development (RCAMD), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuo Han
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Engineering College, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development (RCAMD), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheul-Ro Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Engineering College, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development (RCAMD), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Ra
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Engineering College, Research Center for Advanced Materials Development (RCAMD), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Wei S, Xia X, Bi S, Hu S, Wu X, Hsu HY, Zou X, Huang K, Zhang DW, Sun Q, Bard AJ, Yu ET, Ji L. Metal-insulator-semiconductor photoelectrodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6860-6916. [PMID: 38833171 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00820g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting provides a scalable and integrated platform to harness renewable solar energy for green hydrogen production. The practical implementation of PEC systems hinges on addressing three critical challenges: enhancing energy conversion efficiency, ensuring long-term stability, and achieving economic viability. Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) heterojunction photoelectrodes have gained significant attention over the last decade for their ability to efficiently segregate photogenerated carriers and mitigate corrosion-induced semiconductor degradation. This review discusses the structural composition and interfacial intricacies of MIS photoelectrodes tailored for PEC water splitting. The application of MIS heterostructures across various semiconductor light-absorbing layers, including traditional photovoltaic-grade semiconductors, metal oxides, and emerging materials, is presented first. Subsequently, this review elucidates the reaction mechanisms and respective merits of vacuum and non-vacuum deposition techniques in the fabrication of the insulator layers. In the context of the metal layers, this review extends beyond the conventional scope, not only by introducing metal-based cocatalysts, but also by exploring the latest advancements in molecular and single-atom catalysts integrated within MIS photoelectrodes. Furthermore, a systematic summary of carrier transfer mechanisms and interface design principles of MIS photoelectrodes is presented, which are pivotal for optimizing energy band alignment and enhancing solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency within the PEC system. Finally, this review explores innovative derivative configurations of MIS photoelectrodes, including back-illuminated MIS photoelectrodes, inverted MIS photoelectrodes, tandem MIS photoelectrodes, and monolithically integrated wireless MIS photoelectrodes. These novel architectures address the limitations of traditional MIS structures by effectively coupling different functional modules, minimizing optical and ohmic losses, and mitigating recombination losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shice Wei
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuewen Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Shuai Bi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shen Hu
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xingli Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - David W Zhang
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qinqqing Sun
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Allen J Bard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78713, USA
| | - Edward T Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78758, USA.
| | - Li Ji
- School of Microelectronics & Jiashan Fudan Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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5
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Liang F, van de Krol R, Abdi FF. Assessing elevated pressure impact on photoelectrochemical water splitting via multiphysics modeling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4944. [PMID: 38858377 PMCID: PMC11164907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach for sustainable hydrogen production. Previous studies have focused on devices operated at atmospheric pressure, although most applications require hydrogen delivered at elevated pressure. Here, we address this critical gap by investigating the implications of operating PEC water splitting directly at elevated pressure. We evaluate the benefits and penalties associated with elevated pressure operation by developing a multiphysics model that incorporates empirical data and direct experimental observations. Our analysis reveals that the operating pressure influences bubble characteristics, product gas crossover, bubble-induced optical losses, and concentration overpotential, which are crucial for the overall device performance. We identify an optimum pressure range of 6-8 bar for minimizing losses and achieving efficient PEC water splitting. This finding provides valuable insights for the design and practical implementation of PEC water splitting devices, and the approach can be extended to other gas-producing (photo)electrochemical systems. Overall, our study demonstrates the importance of elevated pressure in PEC water splitting, enhancing the efficiency and applicability of green hydrogen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roel van de Krol
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 124, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatwa F Abdi
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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6
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Hou B, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Pei R, Zhao Y. Flexible Monolithic Bifunctional Device Based on a Lift-off (In,Ga)N Film for Both Lighting and Self-Driven Detection. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8117-8122. [PMID: 38405510 PMCID: PMC10883012 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Although flexible monolithic bifunctional devices are significant for next-generation optoelectronic devices, it is quite challenging to realize them. In this work, a flexible monolithic device with both functions of emission and self-driven detection has been proposed and demonstrated successfully. By a quick electrochemical etching method, the device is created using a lift-off (In,Ga)N film detaching from the epitaxial silicon substrate. The Si removal is beneficial for releasing stress and reducing the internal polarization effects under bending conditions, keeping the electroluminescence peak wavelength quite stable. With good flexibility, the monolithic bifunctional device can maintain both stable detection and emission performance under bending conditions. Furthermore, two functions of detection and lighting of the flexible monolithic device can not only be realized separately but also simultaneously. This means that the flexible monolithic device can detect and emit light at the same time. With the advantages of miniaturization and multifunctionality, this work paves an effective way to develop new monolithic multifunctional devices for both self-driven detection and wearable intelligent display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Hou
- School
of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy
of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- CAS
Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy
of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianya Zhang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy
Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- School
of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy
of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- School
of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS
Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech
and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy
of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
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7
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Hong H, Song J, Pan X, Luo M, Nötzel R. Planar GaN/Cu 2O Microcrystal Composite Junction Photoanode for Efficient Solar Water Splitting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15630-15635. [PMID: 37889286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cu2O microcrystals are electrodeposited on an epitaxial GaN layer on a Si(111) substrate to improve the solar water splitting efficiency of a GaN photoanode. The performance of the GaN/Cu2O composite junction photoanode is investigated as a function of the Cu2O deposition amount for Cu2O microcrystal formation. For optimum Cu2O deposition amount, the photocurrent density is significantly enhanced compared to that of the bare GaN photoanode. The improved water splitting performance is attributed to the built-in electric field and band offsets of the n-GaN/p-Cu2O heterostructure, promoting the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes and the transport of the hole to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxun Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchen Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingrui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard Nötzel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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8
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Mehrabi H, Schichtl ZG, Conlin SK, Coridan RH. Modular Solar-to-Fuel Electrolysis at Low Cell Potentials Enabled by Glycerol Electrooxidation and a Bipolar Membrane Separator. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44953-44961. [PMID: 37706500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Solar fuel generation through water electrolysis or electrochemical CO2 reduction is thermodynamically limited when it is paired with oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Glycerol electrooxidation reaction (GEOR) is an alternative anodic reaction with lower anodic electrochemical potential that utilizes a renewable coproduct produced during biodiesel synthesis. We show that GEOR on an Au-Pt-Bi ternary metal electrocatalyst in a model alkaline crude glycerol solution can provide significant cell potential reductions even when paired to reduction reactions in seawater and acidic catholytes via a bipolar membrane (BPM). We showed that the combination of GEOR and a BPM separator lowers the total cell potential by 1 V at an electrolysis current of 10.0 mA cm-2 versus an anode performing anode's OER when paired with hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction cathodes. The observed voltage reduction was steady for periods of up to 80 h, with minimal glycerol crossover observed through the membrane. These results motivate new, high-performance cell designs for photoelectrochemical solar fuel integrated systems based on glycerol electrooxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mehrabi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Zebulon G Schichtl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Samuel K Conlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Robert H Coridan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Dong C, Xia Y, Jiang L, Wang G, Wang R, Chen J. Direct Growth of Polymeric Carbon Nitride Nanosheet Photoanode for Greatly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208049. [PMID: 37127867 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A general method for the direct synthesis of highly homogeneous and dense polymerized carbon nitride (PCN) nanosheet films on F: SnO2 (FTO) is developed. Detailed photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting studies reveal that the as-synthesized PCN films exhibit outstanding performance as photoanode for PEC water-splitting. The optimal PCN photoanode exhibits excellent photocurrent density of 650 µA cm-2 , and monochromatic incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) value up to 30.55% (λ = 400 nm) and 25.97% (λ = 420 nm) at 1.23 VRHE in 0.1 m KOH electrolyte. More importantly, the PCN photoanode has an excellent hole extraction efficiency of up to 70 ± 3% due to the abundance of active sites provided by the PCN photoanode nanosheet, which promotes the transport rates of OER-relevant species. These PCN films provide a new benchmark for PCN photoanode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Changxue Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
| | - Jinwei Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials & Devices, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610065, China
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10
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Fehr AMK, Agrawal A, Mandani F, Conrad CL, Jiang Q, Park SY, Alley O, Li B, Sidhik S, Metcalf I, Botello C, Young JL, Even J, Blancon JC, Deutsch TG, Zhu K, Albrecht S, Toma FM, Wong M, Mohite AD. Integrated halide perovskite photoelectrochemical cells with solar-driven water-splitting efficiency of 20.8. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3797. [PMID: 37365175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency concomitant with long-term durability using low-cost, scalable photo-absorbers is a long-standing challenge. Here we report the design and fabrication of a conductive adhesive-barrier (CAB) that translates >99% of photoelectric power to chemical reactions. The CAB enables halide perovskite-based photoelectrochemical cells with two different architectures that exhibit record STH efficiencies. The first, a co-planar photocathode-photoanode architecture, achieved an STH efficiency of 13.4% and 16.3 h to t60, solely limited by the hygroscopic hole transport layer in the n-i-p device. The second was formed using a monolithic stacked silicon-perovskite tandem, with a peak STH efficiency of 20.8% and 102 h of continuous operation before t60 under AM 1.5G illumination. These advances will lead to efficient, durable, and low-cost solar-driven water-splitting technology with multifunctional barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M K Fehr
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Ayush Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Faiz Mandani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Christian L Conrad
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Qi Jiang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA
| | - So Yeon Park
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA
| | - Olivia Alley
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bor Li
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siraj Sidhik
- Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Isaac Metcalf
- Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Christopher Botello
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - James L Young
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON, UMR 6082, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Jean Christophe Blancon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Todd G Deutsch
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca M Toma
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA.
| | - Aditya D Mohite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA.
- Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA.
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11
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Xiao Y, Kong X, Vanka S, Dong WJ, Zeng G, Ye Z, Sun K, Navid IA, Zhou B, Toma FM, Guo H, Mi Z. Oxynitrides enabled photoelectrochemical water splitting with over 3,000 hrs stable operation in practical two-electrode configuration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2047. [PMID: 37041153 PMCID: PMC10090041 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar photoelectrochemical reactions have been considered one of the most promising paths for sustainable energy production. To date, however, there has been no demonstration of semiconductor photoelectrodes with long-term stable operation in a two-electrode configuration, which is required for any practical application. Herein, we demonstrate the stable operation of a photocathode comprising Si and GaN, the two most produced semiconductors in the world, for 3,000 hrs without any performance degradation in two-electrode configurations. Measurements in both three- and two-electrode configurations suggest that surfaces of the GaN nanowires on Si photocathode transform in situ into Ga-O-N that drastically enhances hydrogen evolution and remains stable for 3,000 hrs. First principles calculations further revealed that the in-situ Ga-O-N species exhibit atomic-scale surface metallization. This study overcomes the conventional dilemma between efficiency and stability imposed by extrinsic cocatalysts, offering a path for practical application of photoelectrochemical devices and systems for clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xianghua Kong
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Srinivas Vanka
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wan Jae Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Guosong Zeng
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zhengwei Ye
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ishtiaque Ahmed Navid
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Baowen Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Francesca M Toma
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2T8, Canada.
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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12
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Hupfer ML, Dellith J, Seyring M, Diegel M, Dellith A, Ghosh S, Rettenmayr M, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Presselt M. Bifacial Dye Membranes: Ultrathin and Free-Standing although not Being Covalently Bound. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204874. [PMID: 36300596 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Layers of aligned dyes are key to photo-driven charge separation in dye sensitized solar cells, but cannot be exploited as rectifying membranes in photocatalysis to separate half-cells because they are not sufficiently stable. While impressive work on the fabrication of stable noncovalent membranes has been recently demonstrated, these membranes are inherently suffering from non-uniform orientation of the constituting dyes. To stabilize layers made from uniformly assembled and aligned dyes, they can be covalently cross-linked via functional groups or via chromophores at the expense of their optical properties. Here stable membranes from established dyes are reported that do not need to be elaborately functionalized nor do their chromophores need to be destroyed. These membranes are free-standing, although being only non-covalently linked. To enable uniform dye-alignment, Langmuir layers made from linear, water-insoluble dyes are used. That water-soluble charge transfer dyes adsorb onto and intercalate into the Langmuir layer from the aqueous subphase, thus yielding free-standing, molecularly thin membranes are demonstrated. The developed bifacial layers consist almost entirely of π-conjugated units and thus can conduct charges and can be further engineered for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian L Hupfer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Dellith
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Seyring
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Diegel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Dellith
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Soumik Ghosh
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Rettenmayr
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
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13
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Löw M, Guidat M, Kim J, May MM. The interfacial structure of InP(100) in contact with HCl and H 2SO 4 studied by reflection anisotropy spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32756-32764. [PMID: 36425699 PMCID: PMC9664453 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Indium phosphide and derived compound semiconductors are materials often involved in high-efficiency solar water splitting due to their versatile opto-electronic properties. Surface corrosion, however, typically deteriorates the performance of photoelectrochemical solar cells based on this material class. It has been reported that (photo)electrochemical surface functionalisation protects the surface by combining etching and controlled corrosion. Nevertheless, the overall involved process is not fully understood. Therefore, access to the electrochemical interface structure under operando conditions is crucial for a more detailed understanding. One approach for gaining structural insight is the use of operando reflection anisotropy spectroscopy. This technique allows the time-resolved investigation of the interfacial structure while applying potentials in the electrolyte. In this study, p-doped InP(100) surfaces are cycled between anodic and cathodic potentials in two different electrolytes, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid. For low, 10 mM electrolyte concentrations, we observe a reversible processes related to the reduction of a surface oxide phase in the cathodic potential range which is reformed near open-circuit potentials. Higher concentrations of 0.5 N, however, already lead to initial surface corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Löw
- Universität Ulm, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Ulm D-89081 Germany
| | - Margot Guidat
- Universität Ulm, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Ulm D-89081 Germany
- Universität Tübingen, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Tübingen D-72076 Germany
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Universität Ulm, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Ulm D-89081 Germany
- Universität Tübingen, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Tübingen D-72076 Germany
| | - Matthias M May
- Universität Ulm, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Ulm D-89081 Germany
- Universität Tübingen, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Tübingen D-72076 Germany
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14
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Cortés E, Wendisch FJ, Sortino L, Mancini A, Ezendam S, Saris S, de S. Menezes L, Tittl A, Ren H, Maier SA. Optical Metasurfaces for Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15082-15176. [PMID: 35728004 PMCID: PMC9562288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces with designed optical functionalities, such as metasurfaces, allow efficient harvesting of light at the nanoscale, enhancing light-matter interactions for a wide variety of material combinations. Exploiting light-driven matter excitations in these artificial materials opens up a new dimension in the conversion and management of energy at the nanoscale. In this review, we outline the impact, opportunities, applications, and challenges of optical metasurfaces in converting the energy of incoming photons into frequency-shifted photons, phonons, and energetic charge carriers. A myriad of opportunities await for the utilization of the converted energy. Here we cover the most pertinent aspects from a fundamental nanoscopic viewpoint all the way to applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cortés
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,
| | - Fedja J. Wendisch
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Ezendam
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Seryio Saris
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S. Menezes
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Haoran Ren
- MQ Photonics
Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Macquarie
Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Department
of Phyiscs, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,
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15
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Liu Y, Wang F, Jiao Z, Bai S, Qiu H, Guo L. Photochemical Systems for Solar-to-Fuel Production. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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16
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Kumar Singh A, Das C, Indra A. Scope and prospect of transition metal-based cocatalysts for visible light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with graphitic carbon nitride. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Chrobak D, Majtyka-Piłat A, Ziółkowski G, Chrobak A. Interatomic Potential for InP. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144960. [PMID: 35888426 PMCID: PMC9324655 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Classical modeling of structural phenomena occurring in InP crystal, for example plastic deformation caused by contact force, requires an interatomic interaction potential that correctly describes not only the elastic properties of indium phosphide but also the pressure-induced reversible phase transition B3↔B1. In this article, a new parametrization of the analytical bond-order potential has been developed for InP. The potential reproduces fundamental physical properties (lattice parameters, cohesive energy, stiffness coefficients) of the B3 and B1 phases in good agreement with first-principles calculations. The proposed interaction model describes the reversibility of the pressure-induced B3↔B1 phase transition as well as the formation of native point defects in the B3 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Chrobak
- Institute of Materials Engenering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Majtyka-Piłat
- Institute of Materials Engenering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Ziółkowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (G.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Artur Chrobak
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (G.Z.); (A.C.)
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18
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Ruiz
Alvarado IA, Schmidt WG. Water/InP(001) from Density Functional Theory. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19355-19364. [PMID: 35722024 PMCID: PMC9202284 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interface between water and the In-rich InP(001) surface is studied by density functional theory with water coverage ranging from single molecules to multiple overlayers. Single molecules attach preferably to three-fold coordinated surface In atoms. Water dissociation is energetically favorable but hindered by an energy barrier that decreases with increasing water coverage. There is an attractive interaction between InP adsorbed water molecules that leads to the formation of molecular clusters and complete water films for water-rich preparation conditions. Water films on InP are stabilized by anchoring to surface-bonded hydroxyl groups. With increasing thickness, the water films resemble the structural properties of ice Ih. The oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions on InP are characterized by overpotentials of the order of 1.7-1.8 and 0.2-0.3 eV, respectively. While the calculated bulk positions of the InP band edges are outside the range of the redox potentials for oxygen and hydrogen evolution within local DFT, the situation is different at the actual interface: Here, the interface dipole lifts the InP valence band maximum above the redox potential for oxygen evolution and favors hydrogen evolution.
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19
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Yu W, Buabthong P, Young JL, Ifkovits ZP, Byrne ST, Steiner MA, Deutsch TG, Lewis NS. Failure Modes of Platinized pn +-GaInP Photocathodes for Solar-Driven H 2 Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26622-26630. [PMID: 35666827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The long-term stability for the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) of homojunction pn+-Ga0.52In0.48P photocathodes (band gap = 1.8 eV) with an electrodeposited Pt catalyst (pn+-GaInP/Pt) has been systematically evaluated in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. Electrode dissolution during chronoamperometry was correlated with changes over time in the current density-potential (J-E) behavior to reveal the underlying failure mechanism. Pristine pn+-GaInP/Pt photocathodes yielded an open-circuit photopotential (Eoc) as positive as >1.0 V vs the potential of the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a light-limited current density (Jph) of >12 mA cm-2 (1-sun illumination). However, Eoc and Jph gradually degraded at either pH 0 or pH 14. The performance degradation was attributed to three different failure modes: (1) gradual thinning of the n+-emitter layer due to GaInP dissolution in acid; (2) active corrosion of the underlying GaAs substrate at positive potentials causing delamination of the upper GaInP epilayers; and (3) direct GaAs/electrolyte contact compromising the operational stability of the device. This work reveals the importance of both substrate stability and structural integrity of integrated photoelectrodes toward stable solar fuel generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James L Young
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | | | - Myles A Steiner
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Todd G Deutsch
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Nathan S Lewis
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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20
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Huang X, Bi Y. Reversing electron transfer in a covalent triazine framework for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8074-8079. [PMID: 35919433 PMCID: PMC9278156 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02638d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) have emerged as some of the most important materials for photocatalytic water splitting. However, development of CTF-based photocatalytic systems with non-platinum cocatalysts for highly efficient hydrogen evolution still remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrated, for the first time, a one-step phosphidation strategy for simultaneously achieving phosphorus atom bonding with the benzene rings of CTFs and the anchoring of well-defined dicobalt phosphide (Co2P) nanocrystals (∼7 nm). The hydrogen evolution activities of CTFs were significantly enhanced under simulated solar-light (7.6 mmol h−1 g−1), more than 20 times higher than that of the CTF/Co2P composite. Both comparative experiments and in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that the strong interfacial P–C bonding and the anchoring of the Co2P cocatalyst reverse the charge transfer direction from triazine to benzene rings, promote charge separation, and accelerate hydrogen evolution. Thus, the rational anchoring of transition-metal phosphides on conjugated polymers should be a promising approach for developing highly efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Reversing the electron transfer in a covalent triazine-based framework by Co2P anchoring achieved highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, CAS, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yingpu Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, CAS, Dalian 116023, China
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21
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Yu W, Young JL, Deutsch TG, Lewis NS. Understanding the Stability of Etched or Platinized p-GaInP Photocathodes for Solar-Driven H 2 Evolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57350-57361. [PMID: 34821500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The long-term stability in acidic or alkaline aqueous electrolytes of p-Ga0.52In0.48P photocathodes, with a band gap of ∼1.8 eV, for the solar-driven hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) has been evaluated from a thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanistic perspective. At either pH 0 or pH 14, etched p-GaInP electrodes corroded cathodically under illumination and formed metallic In0 on the photoelectrode surface. In contrast, under the same conditions, electrodeposition of Pt facilitated the HER kinetics and stabilized p-GaInP/Pt photoelectrodes against such cathodic decomposition. When held at 0 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, p-GaInP/Pt electrodes in either pH = 0 or pH = 14 exhibited stable current densities (J) of ∼-9 mA cm-2 for hundreds of hours under simulated 1 sun illumination. During the stability tests, the current density-potential (J-E) characteristics of the p-GaInP/Pt photoelectrodes degraded due to pH-dependent changes in the surface chemistry of the photocathode. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the stability and corrosion mechanisms of p-GaInP photocathodes that constitute a promising top light absorber for tandem solar-fuel generators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Yu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - James L Young
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Todd G Deutsch
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Nathan S Lewis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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22
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Ruiz Alvarado IA, Karmo M, Runge E, Schmidt WG. InP and AlInP(001)(2 × 4) Surface Oxidation from Density Functional Theory. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6297-6304. [PMID: 33718720 PMCID: PMC7948233 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The atomic structure and electronic properties of the InP and Al0.5In0.5P(001) surfaces at the initial stages of oxidation are investigated via density functional theory. Thereby, we focus on the mixed-dimer (2 × 4) surfaces stable for cation-rich preparation conditions. For InP, the top In-P dimer is the most favored adsorption site, while it is the second-layer Al-Al dimer for AlInP. The energetically favored adsorption sites yield group III-O bond-related states in the energy region of the bulk band gap, which may act as recombination centers. Consistently, the In p state density around the conduction edge is found to be reduced upon oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marsel Karmo
- Institut
für Physik, Technische Universität
Ilmenau, Weimarer Straße 25, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Erich Runge
- Institut
für Physik, Technische Universität
Ilmenau, Weimarer Straße 25, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Wolf Gero Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl
für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn, 33095 Paderborn, Germany
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23
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Sherman BD, McMillan NK, Willinger D, Leem G. Sustainable hydrogen production from water using tandem dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells. NANO CONVERGENCE 2021; 8:7. [PMID: 33650039 PMCID: PMC7921270 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-021-00257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
If generated from water using renewable energy, hydrogen could serve as a carbon-zero, environmentally benign fuel to meet the needs of modern society. Photoelectrochemical cells integrate the absorption and conversion of solar energy and chemical catalysis for the generation of high value products. Tandem photoelectrochemical devices have demonstrated impressive solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiencies but have not become economically relevant due to high production cost. Dye-sensitized solar cells, those based on a monolayer of molecular dye adsorbed to a high surface area, optically transparent semiconductor electrode, offer a possible route to realizing tandem photochemical systems for H2 production by water photolysis with lower overall material and processing costs. This review addresses the design and materials important to the development of tandem dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells for solar H2 production and highlights current published reports detailing systems capable of spontaneous H2 formation from water using only dye-sensitized interfaces for light capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Campus Box 298860, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA.
| | - Nelli Klinova McMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Campus Box 298860, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Debora Willinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Campus Box 298860, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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Fu HC, Li W, Yang Y, Lin CH, Veyssal A, He JH, Jin S. An efficient and stable solar flow battery enabled by a single-junction GaAs photoelectrode. Nat Commun 2021; 12:156. [PMID: 33420060 PMCID: PMC7794367 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Converting and storing solar energy and releasing it on demand by using solar flow batteries (SFBs) is a promising way to address the challenge of solar intermittency. Although high solar-to-output electricity efficiencies (SOEE) have been recently demonstrated in SFBs, the complex multi-junction photoelectrodes used are not desirable for practical applications. Here, we report an efficient and stable integrated SFB built with back-illuminated single-junction GaAs photoelectrode with an n-p-n sandwiched design. Rational potential matching simulation and operating condition optimization of this GaAs SFB lead to a record SOEE of 15.4% among single-junction SFB devices. Furthermore, the TiO2 protection layer and robust redox couples in neutral pH electrolyte enable the SFB to achieve stable cycling over 408 h (150 cycles). These results advance the utilization of more practical solar cells with higher photocurrent densities but lower photovoltages for high performance SFBs and pave the way for developing practical and efficient SFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Chun-Ho Lin
- Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atilla Veyssal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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25
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Qin J, Barrio J, Peng G, Tzadikov J, Abisdris L, Volokh M, Shalom M. Direct growth of uniform carbon nitride layers with extended optical absorption towards efficient water-splitting photoanodes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4701. [PMID: 32943629 PMCID: PMC7499157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A general synthesis of carbon nitride (CN) films with extended optical absorption, excellent charge separation under illumination, and outstanding performance as a photoanode in water-splitting photoelectrochemical cells is reported. To this end, we introduced a universal method to rapidly grow CN monomers directly from a hot saturated solution on various substrates. Upon calcination, a highly uniform carbon nitride layer with tuned structural and photophysical properties and in intimate contact with the substrate is obtained. Detailed photoelectrochemical and structural studies reveal good photoresponse up to 600 nm, excellent hole extraction efficiency (up to 62%) and strong adhesion of the CN layer to the substrate. The best CN photoanode demonstrates a benchmark-setting photocurrent density of 353 µA cm−2 (51% faradaic efficiency for oxygen), and external quantum yield value above 12% at 450 nm at 1.23 V versus RHE in an alkaline solution, as well as low onset potential and good stability. Photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) can convert sunlight and water directly to a hydrogen fuel. Here a robust metal-free carbon nitride-based layer is used as an efficient photoanode for water-splitting PEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jesús Barrio
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Guiming Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jonathan Tzadikov
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Liel Abisdris
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Michael Volokh
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
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26
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Zhang H, Li D, Byun WJ, Wang X, Shin TJ, Jeong HY, Han H, Li C, Lee JS. Gradient tantalum-doped hematite homojunction photoanode improves both photocurrents and turn-on voltage for solar water splitting. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4622. [PMID: 32934221 PMCID: PMC7493915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematite has a great potential as a photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting by converting solar energy into hydrogen fuels, but the solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of state-of-the-art hematite photoelectrodes are still far below the values required for practical hydrogen production. Here, we report a core-shell formation of gradient tantalum-doped hematite homojunction nanorods by combination of hydrothermal regrowth strategy and hybrid microwave annealing, which enhances the photocurrent density and reduces the turn-on voltage simultaneously. The unusual bi-functional effects originate from the passivation of the surface states and intrinsic built-in electric field by the homojunction formation. The additional driving force provided by the field can effectively suppress charge–carrier recombination both in the bulk and on the surface of hematite, especially at lower potentials. Moreover, the synthesized homojunction shows a remarkable synergy with NiFe(OH)x cocatalyst with significant additional improvements of photocurrent density and cathodic shift of turn-on voltage. The work has nicely demonstrated multiple collaborative strategies of gradient doping, homojunction formation, and cocatalyst modification, and the concept could shed light on designing and constructing the efficient nanostructures of semiconductor photoelectrodes in the field of solar energy conversion. Solar-to-fuel conversion represents a renewable means to harvest sunlight, but the most efficient materials are often expensive or rare. Here, authors demonstrate gradient tantalum-doped hematite homojunctions as a method to improve photoelectrochemical water splitting performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Zhang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Woo Jin Byun
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China.
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hongxian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Iffland L, Siegmund D, Apfel U. Electrochemical CO
2
and Proton Reduction by a Co(dithiacyclam) Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Iffland
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Department of Electrosynthesis Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Straße 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
| | - Ulf‐Peter Apfel
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Department of Electrosynthesis Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Straße 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
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Jaegermann W, Kaiser B, Finger F, Smirnov V, Schäfer R. Design Considerations of Efficient Photo-Electrosynthetic Cells and its Realization Using Buried Junction Si Thin Film Multi Absorber Cells. Z PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2019-1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As is obvious from previous work on semiconductor photoelectrochemistry, single junction semiconductors do not provide either the required maximum photovoltage or a high photocurrent for solar water splitting, which is required for efficient stand-alone devices. From these experiences we conclude, that multi-junction devices must be developed for bias-free water splitting. In this article we present our design considerations needed for the development of efficient photo-electro-synthetic cells, which have guided us during the DFG priority program 1613. At first, we discuss the fundamental requirements, which must be fulfilled to lead to effective solar water splitting devices. Buried junction and photoelectrochemical arrangements are compared. It will become clear, that the photovoltaic (PV) and electrochemical (EC) components can be optimized separately, but that maximized conversion efficiencies need photovoltages produced in the photovoltaic part of the device, which are adapted to the electrochemical performance of the electrolyzer components without energetic losses in their coupling across the involved interfaces. Therefore, in part 2 we will present the needs to develop appropriate interface engineering layers for proper chemical and electronic surface passivation. In addition, highly efficient electrocatalysts, either for the hydrogen or oxygen evolution reaction (HER, OER), must be adjusted in their energetic coupling to the semiconductor band edges and to the redox potentials in the electrolyte with minimized losses in the chemical potentials. The third part of our paper describes at first the demands and achievements on developing multijunction thin-film silicon solar cells. With different arrangements of silicon stacks a wide range of photovoltages and photocurrents can be provided. These solar cells are applied as photocathodes in integrated directly coupled PV-EC devices. For this purpose thin Pt and Ni catalyst layers are used on top of the solar cells for the HER and a wire connected RuO2 counter electrode is used for the OER. Electrochemical stability has been successfully tested for up to 10,000 s in 0.1 M KOH. Furthermore, we will illustrate our experimental results on interface engineering strategies using TiO2 as buffer layer and Pt nanostructures as HER catalyst. Based on the obtained results the observed improvements, but also the still given limitations, can be related to clearly identified non-idealities in surface engineering either related to recombination losses at the semiconductor surface reducing photocurrents or due to not properly-aligned energy states leading to potential losses across the interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Jaegermann
- Institut für Materialwissenschaften der Technischen Universität Darmstadt , Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Bernhard Kaiser
- Institut für Materialwissenschaften der Technischen Universität Darmstadt , Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Friedhelm Finger
- IEK-5 Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Vladimir Smirnov
- IEK-5 Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich , D-52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Rolf Schäfer
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
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29
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Koike K, Fujii K, Kawano T, Wada S. Bio-mimic energy storage system with solar light conversion to hydrogen by combination of photovoltaic devices and electrochemical cells inspired by the antenna-associated photosystem II. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1723946. [PMID: 32046585 PMCID: PMC7194372 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1723946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Global warming caused by anthropogenic activity is one of the serious problems today. In order to suppress the global warming, the shift from fossil fuel-based energy source to the nature-oriented sustainable energy is encouraged. In this concept paper, possible biomimetic engineering approach inspired by the efficient and sustainable natural energy utilization in living plants is demonstrated. The focal features in plants include (1) the light-harvesting and energy condensing apparatus, (2) water splitting O2 evolving apparatus, (3) storage of energy-related chemicals, and (4) reversal conversion of storage into the "energy in use" by meeting the demands. Demonstration of solar-driven chemical energy conversion was performed using a system consisted of (i) photovoltaic power-generating device, (ii) an electrochemical unit converting electric power into chemical energy, (iii) storage of H2, and (iv) polymer electrolyte cells converting H2 back to electricity by meeting the demands on site. The present concept paper presenting a technical perspective based on the plant-inspired knowledge (conceptual similarity between natural photosynthesis and solar-to-H2 conversion) is a fruit of interdisciplinary collaboration between the team of chemical energy conversion renown for the world highest record of solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency (24.4%, as of 2015) and a group of plant biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Koike
- Advanced Photonics Technology Development Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsushi Fujii
- Advanced Photonics Technology Development Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kawano
- Advanced Photonics Technology Development Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Advanced Photonics Technology Development Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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30
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Abstract
CO2 emissions from the consumption of fossil fuels are continuously increasing, thus impacting Earth’s climate. In this context, intensive research efforts are being dedicated to develop materials that can effectively reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere and convert CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels, thus contributing to sustainable energy and meeting the increase in energy demand. The development of clean energy by conversion technologies is of high priority to circumvent these challenges. Among the various methods that include photoelectrochemical, high-temperature conversion, electrocatalytic, biocatalytic, and organocatalytic reactions, photocatalytic CO2 reduction has received great attention because of its potential to efficiently reduce the level of CO2 in the atmosphere by converting it into fuels and value-added chemicals. Among the reported CO2 conversion catalysts, perovskite oxides catalyze redox reactions and exhibit high catalytic activity, stability, long charge diffusion lengths, compositional flexibility, and tunable band gap and band edge. This review focuses on recent advances and future prospects in the design and performance of perovskites for CO2 conversion, particularly emphasizing on the structure of the catalysts, defect engineering and interface tuning at the nanoscale, and conversion technologies and rational approaches for enhancing CO2 transformation to value-added chemicals and chemical feedstocks.
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31
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Li XB, Xin ZK, Xia SG, Gao XY, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Semiconductor nanocrystals for small molecule activation via artificial photosynthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:9028-9056. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The protocol of artificial photosynthesis using semiconductor nanocrystals shines light on green, facile and low-cost small molecule activation to produce solar fuels and value-added chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Kun Xin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Guang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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32
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Zhou H, Feng M, Song K, Liao B, Wang Y, Liu R, Gong X, Zhang D, Cao L, Chen S. A highly [001]-textured Sb 2Se 3 photocathode for efficient photoelectrochemical water reduction. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22871-22879. [PMID: 31755514 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08700a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic Sb2Se3 is an emerging earth-abundant photocathode for photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, controlling the growth of the Sb2Se3 film with optimal [001] crystallographic orientation is still the most challenging issue. Here, we successfully synthesized [001]-oriented Sb2Se3via a reliable and facile method. The [001]-oriented Sb2Se3 film could provide an excellent carrier-migration efficiency. Consequently, we achieved a record-high photocurrent density of -20.2 mA cm-2 at 0 VRHE and a very high half-cell solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 1.36% under 1-sun simulated solar illumination in a TiO2/[001]-Sb2Se3 photocathode. This work provides an effective strategy and important guidelines for rationally designing optoelectronic devices based on the [001]-oriented Sb2Se3 film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Menglei Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Kena Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Bin Liao
- International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yichang Wang
- International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Ruchuan Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Xiangnan Gong
- Analytical and Testing Center of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dingke Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Lingfei Cao
- International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys (Ministry of Education), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Shijian Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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33
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Nong HN, Tran HP, Spöri C, Klingenhof M, Frevel L, Jones TE, Cottre T, Kaiser B, Jaegermann W, Schlögl R, Teschner D, Strasser P. The Role of Surface Hydroxylation, Lattice Vacancies and Bond Covalency in the Electrochemical Oxidation of Water (OER) on Ni-Depleted Iridium Oxide Catalysts. Z PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2019-1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The usage of iridium as an oxygen-evolution-reaction (OER) electrocatalyst requires very high atom efficiencies paired with high activity and stability. Our efforts during the past 6 years in the Priority Program 1613 funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) were focused to mitigate the molecular origin of kinetic overpotentials of Ir-based OER catalysts and to design new materials to achieve that Ir-based catalysts are more atom and energy efficient, as well as stable. Approaches involved are: (1) use of bimetallic mixed metal oxide materials where Ir is combined with cheaper transition metals as starting materials, (2) use of dealloying concepts of nanometer sized core-shell particle with a thin noble metal oxide shell combined with a hollow or cheap transition metal-rich alloy core, and (3) use of corrosion-resistant high-surface-area oxide support materials. In this mini review, we have highlighted selected advances in our understanding of Ir–Ni bimetallic oxide electrocatalysts for the OER in acidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Nhan Nong
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Hoang Phi Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Camillo Spöri
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Malte Klingenhof
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Lorenz Frevel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society , Faradayweg 4–6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Travis E. Jones
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society , Faradayweg 4–6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Thorsten Cottre
- Surface Science Division, Department of Materials Science , Technical University Darmstadt , Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3 , Darmstadt, 64287 , Germany
| | - Bernhard Kaiser
- Surface Science Division, Department of Materials Science , Technical University Darmstadt , Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3 , Darmstadt, 64287 , Germany
| | - Wolfram Jaegermann
- Surface Science Division, Department of Materials Science , Technical University Darmstadt , Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3 , Darmstadt, 64287 , Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society , Faradayweg 4–6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Detre Teschner
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions , Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society , Faradayweg 4–6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Materials Engineering Division , Technical University Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 124 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
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An efficient and stable photoelectrochemical system with 9% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency via InGaP/GaAs double junction. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5282. [PMID: 31754117 PMCID: PMC6872648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite III-V semiconductors demonstrating extraordinary solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiencies, high cost and poor stability greatly impede their practical implementation in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting applications. Here, we present a simple and efficient strategy for III-V-based photoelectrodes that functionally and spatially decouples the light harvesting component of the device from the electrolysis part that eliminates parasitic light absorption, reduces the cost, and enhances the stability without any compromise in efficiency. The monolithically integrated PEC cell was fabricated by an epitaxial lift-off and transfer of inversely grown InGaP/GaAs to a robust Ni-substrate and the resultant photoanode exhibits an STH efficiency of ~9% with stability ~150 h. Moreover, with the ability to access both sides of the device, we constructed a fully-integrated, unassisted-wireless "artificial leaf" system with an STH efficiency of ~6%. The excellent efficiency and stability achieved herein are attributed to the light harvesting/catalysis decoupling scheme, which concurrently improves the optical, electrical, and electrocatalytic characteristics.
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35
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Xie J, Yi Q, Zhang F, Bagheri R, Zheng F, Zou G. Large-Grained Cu 2BaSnS 4 Films for Photocathodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:33102-33108. [PMID: 31385686 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
p-Type compounds Cu2BaSnS4 (CBTS) are extremely attractive materials for photocathode applications because of their suitable conduction and valence bands, earth-abundant sources, and environmental friendly nature. Herein, an inexpensive and reproducible aqueous solution approach has been developed to synthesize CBTS films with single-crystalline grains as large as micron scale. Because of the large crystalline grains, the as-grown CBTS films show excellent carrier mobility (1.29 cm2/V·s). Greater than 4 mA·cm-2 photocurrent density has been obtained in a neutral solution for bare Mo/CBTS film photocathodes under 100 mW·cm-2 illumination at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Qinghua Yi
- College of Physics and Engineering , Changshu Institute of Technology and Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials , Changshu 215500 , China
| | - Fayun Zhang
- School of New Energy Science and Engineering , Xinyu University , Xinyu 338004 , China
| | - Robabeh Bagheri
- School of Physical Science and Technology, College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Fengang Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
| | - Guifu Zou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , China
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36
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Lancaster M, Mow R, Liu J, Cheek Q, MacInnes MM, Al-Jassim MM, Deutsch TG, Young JL, Maldonado S. Protection of GaInP 2 Photocathodes by Direct Photoelectrodeposition of MoS x Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25115-25122. [PMID: 31264402 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic MoSx thin films have been directly photoelectrodeposited on GaInP2 photocathodes for stable photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation. Specifically, the MoSx deposition conditions were controlled to obtain 8-10 nm films directly on p-GaInP2 substrates without ancillary protective layers. The films were nominally composed of MoS2, with additional MoOxSy and MoO3 species detected and showed no long-range crystalline order. The as-deposited material showed excellent catalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction relative to bare p-GaInP2. Notably, no appreciable photocurrent reduction was incurred by the addition of the photoelectrodeposited MoSx catalyst to the GaInP2 photocathode under light-limited operating conditions, highlighting the advantageous optical properties of the film. The MoSx catalyst also imparted enhanced durability toward photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution in acidic conditions, maintaining nearly 85% of the initial photocurrent after 50 h of electrolysis. In total, this work demonstrates a simple method for producing dual-function catalyst/protective layers directly on high-performance, planar III-V photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Mow
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Pkwy , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Jun Liu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Pkwy , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | | | | | - Mowafak M Al-Jassim
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Pkwy , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Todd G Deutsch
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Pkwy , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - James L Young
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Pkwy , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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37
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Butson JD, Narangari PR, Lysevych M, Wong-Leung J, Wan Y, Karuturi SK, Tan HH, Jagadish C. InGaAsP as a Promising Narrow Band Gap Semiconductor for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25236-25242. [PMID: 31265227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a very promising route toward zero-carbon energy, conversion efficiency remains limited. Semiconductors with narrower band gaps can absorb a much greater portion of the solar spectrum, thereby increasing efficiency. However, narrow band gap (∼1 eV) III-V semiconductor photoelectrodes have not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the narrow band gap quaternary III-V alloy InGaAsP is demonstrated for the first time to have great potential for PEC water splitting, with the long-term goal of developing high-efficiency tandem PEC devices. TiO2-coated InGaAsP photocathodes generate a photocurrent density of over 30 mA/cm2 with an onset potential of 0.45 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, yielding an applied bias efficiency of over 7%. This is an excellent performance, given that nearly all power losses can be attributed to reflection losses. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy show that InGaAsP and TiO2 form a type-II band alignment, greatly enhancing carrier separation and reducing recombination losses. Beyond water splitting, the tunable band gap of InGaAsP could be of further interest in other areas of photocatalysis, including CO2 reduction.
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38
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Iyer A, Kearney K, Ertekin E. Computational Approaches to Photoelectrode Design through Molecular Functionalization for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1858-1871. [PMID: 30693653 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising carbon-free approach to produce hydrogen from water. A photoelectrochemical cell consists of a semiconductor photoelectrode in contact with an aqueous electrolyte. Its performance is sensitive to properties of the photoelectrode/electrolyte interface, which may be tuned through functionalization of the photoelectrode surface with organic molecules. This can lead to improvements in the photoelectrode's properties. This Minireview summarizes key computational investigations on using molecular functionalization to modify photoelectrode stability, barrier height, and catalytic activity. It is discussed how first-principles density functional theory, first-principles molecular dynamics, and device modeling simulations can provide predictive insights and complement experimental investigations of functionalized photoelectrodes. Challenges and future directions in the computational modeling of functionalized photoelectrode/electrolyte interfaces within the context of experimental studies are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathi Iyer
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Kara Kearney
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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39
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Borgwardt M, Omelchenko ST, Favaro M, Plate P, Höhn C, Abou-Ras D, Schwarzburg K, van de Krol R, Atwater HA, Lewis NS, Eichberger R, Friedrich D. Femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoemission studies of ultrafast carrier relaxation in Cu 2O photoelectrodes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2106. [PMID: 31068589 PMCID: PMC6506537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a promising material for solar-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen. However, the relatively small accessible photovoltage limits the development of efficient Cu2O based photocathodes. Here, femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy has been used to probe the electronic structure and dynamics of photoexcited charge carriers at the Cu2O surface as well as the interface between Cu2O and a platinum (Pt) adlayer. By referencing ultrafast energy-resolved surface sensitive spectroscopy to bulk data we identify the full bulk to surface transport dynamics for excited electrons rapidly localized within an intrinsic deep continuous defect band ranging from the whole crystal volume to the surface. No evidence of bulk electrons reaching the surface at the conduction band level is found resulting into a substantial loss of their energy through ultrafast trapping. Our results uncover main factors limiting the energy conversion processes in Cu2O and provide guidance for future material development. While cuprous oxide is a promising solar-to-fuel conversion material, photoelectrochemical devices substantially underperform. Here, the authors use femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy to correlate photoexcited electron energetics and dynamics with performance losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Borgwardt
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan T Omelchenko
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,The Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Marco Favaro
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Plate
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Höhn
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Abou-Ras
- Department Nanoscale Structures and Microscopic Analysis, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarzburg
- Department Nanoscale Structures and Microscopic Analysis, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roel van de Krol
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,The Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Nathan S Lewis
- The Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Rainer Eichberger
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dennis Friedrich
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany.
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40
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Kim JH, Hansora D, Sharma P, Jang JW, Lee JS. Toward practical solar hydrogen production - an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:1908-1971. [PMID: 30855624 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00699g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solar water splitting is a promising approach to transform sunlight into renewable, sustainable and green hydrogen energy. There are three representative ways of transforming solar radiation into molecular hydrogen, which are the photocatalytic (PC), photoelectrochemical (PEC), and photovoltaic-electrolysis (PV-EC) routes. Having the future perspective of green hydrogen economy in mind, this review article discusses devices and systems for solar-to-hydrogen production including comparison of the above solar water splitting systems. The focus is placed on a critical assessment of the key components needed to scale up PEC water splitting systems such as materials efficiency, cost, elemental abundancy, stability, fuel separation, device operability, cell architecture, and techno-economic aspects of the systems. The review follows a stepwise approach and provides (i) a summary of the basic principles and photocatalytic materials employed for PEC water splitting, (ii) an extensive discussion of technologies, procedures, and system designs, and (iii) an introduction to international demonstration projects, and the development of benchmarked devices and large-scale prototype systems. The task of scaling up of laboratory overall water splitting devices to practical systems may be called "an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Bellani S, Antognazza MR, Bonaccorso F. Carbon-Based Photocathode Materials for Solar Hydrogen Production. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801446. [PMID: 30221413 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is considered a promising environmentally friendly energy carrier for replacing traditional fossil fuels. In this context, photoelectrochemical cells effectively convert solar energy directly to H2 fuel by water photoelectrolysis, thereby monolitically combining the functions of both light harvesting and electrolysis. In such devices, photocathodes and photoanodes carry out the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Here, the focus is on photocathodes for HER, traditionally based on metal oxides, III-V group and II-VI group semiconductors, silicon, and copper-based chalcogenides as photoactive material. Recently, carbon-based materials have emerged as reliable alternatives to the aforementioned materials. A perspective on carbon-based photocathodes is provided here, critically analyzing recent research progress and outlining the major guidelines for the development of efficient and stable photocathode architectures. In particular, the functional role of charge-selective and protective layers, which enhance both the efficiency and the durability of the photocathodes, is discussed. An in-depth evaluation of the state-of-the-art fabrication of photocathodes through scalable, high-troughput, cost-effective methods is presented. The major aspects on the development of light-trapping nanostructured architectures are also addressed. Finally, the key challenges on future research directions in terms of potential performance and manufacturability of photocathodes are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- BeDimensional Srl, via Albisola 121, 16163, Genova, Italy
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42
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Mäkelä J, Lahti A, Tuominen M, Yasir M, Kuzmin M, Laukkanen P, Kokko K, Punkkinen MPJ, Dong H, Brennan B, Wallace RM. Unusual oxidation-induced core-level shifts at the HfO 2/InP interface. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1462. [PMID: 30728385 PMCID: PMC6365577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is one of the most used methods in a diverse field of materials science and engineering. The elemental core-level binding energies (BE) and core-level shifts (CLS) are determined and interpreted in the XPS. Oxidation is commonly considered to increase the BE of the core electrons of metal and semiconductor elements (i.e., positive BE shift due to O bonds), because valence electron charge density moves toward electronegative O atoms in the intuitive charge-transfer model. Here we demonstrate that this BE hypothesis is not generally valid by presenting XPS spectra and a consistent model of atomic processes occurring at HfO2/InP interface including negative In CLSs. It is shown theoretically for abrupt HfO2/InP model structures that there is no correlation between the In CLSs and the number of oxygen neighbors. However, the P CLSs can be estimated using the number of close O neighbors. First native oxide model interfaces for III-V semiconductors are introduced. The results obtained from ab initio calculations and synchrotron XPS measurements emphasize the importance of complementary analyses in various academic and industrial investigations where CLSs are at the heart of advancing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Mäkelä
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Antti Lahti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjukka Tuominen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikhail Kuzmin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.,Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
| | - Pekka Laukkanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalevi Kokko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko P J Punkkinen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Hong Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA.,Department of Electronics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photo-Electronic Thin Film Device and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Barry Brennan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA.,National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Wallace
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, 75080, USA
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43
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Qasem MAA, Khan A, Onaizi SA, Mohamed HD, Helal A, Aziz MA. Effect of Co(NO3)2·6H2O thermal decomposition temperature on the nano-Co3O4 product morphology and electrocatalysis of water oxidation. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Quantum dot activated indium gallium nitride on silicon as photoanode for solar hydrogen generation. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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45
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Wang Z, Li C, Domen K. Recent developments in heterogeneous photocatalysts for solar-driven overall water splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2109-2125. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00542g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1160] [Impact Index Per Article: 232.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Overall water splitting based on particulate photocatalysts is an easily constructed and cost-effective technology for the conversion of abundant solar energy into clean and renewable hydrogen energy on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science
- Shinshu University
- Nagano 380-8553
- Japan
- Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem)
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Center for Energy and Environmental Science
- Shinshu University
- Nagano 380-8553
- Japan
- Japan Technological Research Association of Artificial Photosynthetic Chemical Process (ARPChem)
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46
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Yang R, Zhu R, Fan Y, Hu L, Chen B. Construction of an artificial inorganic leaf CdS–BiVO4 Z-scheme and its enhancement activities for pollutant degradation and hydrogen evolution. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An artificial inorganic leaf CdS–BiVO4 micro-nano Z-scheme photocatalytic system was synthesized by the BT–DC–SILAR method taking a leaf as a template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center
| | - Rongshu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center
| | - Yingying Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)
- Shenzhen 518055
- P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances
| | - Longjun Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)
- Shenzhen 518055
- P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances
| | - Baiyang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)
- Shenzhen 518055
- P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances
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47
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Luo Z, Wang T, Gong J. Single-crystal silicon-based electrodes for unbiased solar water splitting: current status and prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2158-2181. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00638e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent developments of single-crystal silicon (Si) as the photoelectrode material for solar water splitting, including the promising strategies to obtain highly efficient and stable single-crystal Si-based photoelectrodes for hydrogen evolution and water oxidation, as well as the future development of spontaneous solar water splitting with single-crystal Si-based tandem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Tuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
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48
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Vanka S, Arca E, Cheng S, Sun K, Botton GA, Teeter G, Mi Z. High Efficiency Si Photocathode Protected by Multifunctional GaN Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6530-6537. [PMID: 30216079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a clean and environmentally friendly method for solar hydrogen generation. Its practical application, however, has been limited by the poor stability of semiconductor photoelectrodes. In this work, we demonstrate the use of GaN nanostructures as a multifunctional protection layer for an otherwise unstable, low-performance photocathode. The direct integration of GaN nanostructures on n+-p Si wafer not only protects Si surface from corrosion but also significantly reduces the charge carrier transfer resistance at the semiconductor/liquid junction, leading to long-term stability (>100 h) at a large current density (>35 mA/cm2) under 1 sun illumination. The measured applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 10.5% is among the highest values ever reported for a Si photocathode. Given that both Si and GaN are already widely produced in industry, our studies offer a viable path for achieving high-efficiency and highly stable semiconductor photoelectrodes for solar water splitting with proven manufacturability and scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Vanka
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , 1301 Beal Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , McGill University , 3480 University Street , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0E9 , Canada
| | - Elisabetta Arca
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Shaobo Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , 2300 Hayward Street , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Gianluigi A Botton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada
| | - Glenn Teeter
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , University of Michigan , 1301 Beal Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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49
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Gallium nitride nanowire as a linker of molybdenum sulfides and silicon for photoelectrocatalytic water splitting. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3856. [PMID: 30242212 PMCID: PMC6155116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of earth-abundant catalysts and semiconductors, for example, molybdenum sulfides and planar silicon, presents a promising avenue for the large-scale conversion of solar energy to hydrogen. The inferior interface between molybdenum sulfides and planar silicon, however, severely suppresses charge carrier extraction, thus limiting the performance. Here, we demonstrate that defect-free gallium nitride nanowire is ideally used as a linker of planar silicon and molybdenum sulfides to produce a high-quality shell-core heterostructure. Theoretical calculations revealed that the unique electronic interaction and the excellent geometric-matching structure between gallium nitride and molybdenum sulfides enabled an ideal electron-migration channel for high charge carrier extraction efficiency, leading to outstanding performance. A benchmarking current density of 40 ± 1 mA cm-2 at 0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, the highest value ever reported for a planar silicon electrode without noble metals, and a large onset potential of +0.4 V were achieved under standard one-sun illumination.
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50
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Bae D, Seger B, Hansen O, Vesborg PCK, Chorkendorff I. Durability Testing of Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production under Day/Night Light Cycled Conditions. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dowon Bae
- Surface Physics & Catalysis (SurfCat) Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej B311; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
- Current address: Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering; Delft University of Technology
| | - Brian Seger
- Surface Physics & Catalysis (SurfCat) Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej B311; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ole Hansen
- Surface Physics & Catalysis (SurfCat) Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej B311; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads B344; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Peter C. K. Vesborg
- Surface Physics & Catalysis (SurfCat) Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej B311; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Surface Physics & Catalysis (SurfCat) Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej B311; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
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