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Noori E, Hashemi N, Rezaee D, Maleki R, Shams F, Kazemi B, Bandepour M, Rahimi F. Potential therapeutic options for celiac Disease: An update on Current evidence from Gluten-Free diet to cell therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112020. [PMID: 38608449 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy and multifactorial disease caused by inappropriate immune responses to gluten in the small intestine. Weight loss, anemia, osteoporosis, arthritis, and hepatitis are among the extraintestinal manifestations of active CD. Currently, a strict lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only safe, effective, and available treatment. Despite the social burden, high expenses, and challenges of following a GFD, 2 to 5 percent of patients do not demonstrate clinical or pathophysiological improvement. Therefore, we need novel and alternative therapeutic approaches for patients. Innovative approaches encompass a broad spectrum of strategies, including enzymatic degradation of gluten, inhibition of intestinal permeability, modulation of the immune response, inhibition of the transglutaminase 2 (TG2) enzyme, blocking antigen presentation by HLA-DQ2/8, and induction of tolerance. Hence, this review is focused on comprehensive therapeutic strategies ranging from dietary approaches to novel methods such as antigen-based immunotherapy, cell and gene therapy, and the usage of nanoparticles for CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Noori
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nader Hashemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delsuz Rezaee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Forough Shams
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandepour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Verma AK, Mandal S, Tiwari A, Monachesi C, Catassi GN, Srivastava A, Gatti S, Lionetti E, Catassi C. Current Status and Perspectives on the Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene-Editing System to Develop a Low-Gluten, Non-Transgenic Wheat Variety. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102351. [PMID: 34681400 PMCID: PMC8534962 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat gluten contains epitopes that trigger celiac disease (CD). A life-long strict gluten-free diet is the only treatment accepted for CD. However, very low-gluten wheat may provide an alternative treatment to CD. Conventional plant breeding methods have not been sufficient to produce celiac-safe wheat. RNA interference technology, to some extent, has succeeded in the development of safer wheat varieties. However, these varieties have multiple challenges in terms of their implementation. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a versatile gene-editing tool that has the ability to edit immunogenic gluten genes. So far, only a few studies have applied CRISPR/Cas9 to modify the wheat genome. In this article, we reviewed the published literature that applied CRISPR/Cas9 in wheat genome editing to investigate the current status of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to produce a low-immunogenic wheat variety. We found that in recent years, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been continuously improved to edit the complex hexaploid wheat genome. Although some reduced immunogenic wheat varieties have been reported, CRISPR/Cas9 has still not been fully explored in terms of editing the wheat genome. We conclude that further studies are required to apply the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system efficiently for the development of a celiac-safe wheat variety and to establish it as a "tool to celiac safe wheat".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K. Verma
- Celiac Disease Research Laboratory, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-0715962834
| | - Sayanti Mandal
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Aadhya Tiwari
- Department of System Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestraße 22, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chiara Monachesi
- Celiac Disease Research Laboratory, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giulia N. Catassi
- Division of Pediatrics, DISCO Department, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy; (G.N.C.); (S.G.); (E.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Akash Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Simona Gatti
- Division of Pediatrics, DISCO Department, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy; (G.N.C.); (S.G.); (E.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Elena Lionetti
- Division of Pediatrics, DISCO Department, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy; (G.N.C.); (S.G.); (E.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlo Catassi
- Division of Pediatrics, DISCO Department, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy; (G.N.C.); (S.G.); (E.L.); (C.C.)
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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3
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Azimi T, Nasser A, Shariati A, Shiadeh SMJ, Safari H, Alizade-Sani M, Taghipour A, Dehghan A. The Possible Role of Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Bacteria in Initiation and Exacerbation of Celiac Disease; A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:452-466. [PMID: 31858910 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666191219160729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, generally of the proximal intestine, that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals triggered by the ingestion of gluten. The incidence and frequency of CD are increasing, and it is predicted that CD affects approximately 1% of the people worldwide. The common clinical manifestations of CD are divided in two sections, including classic and non-classic symptoms that can be created in childhood and adulthood. The relationship between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria with CD is complex and multidirectional. In previous published studies, results demonstrated the triggering impact of bacteria, viruses, and parasites on initiation and development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Different studies revealed the inducing effect of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria on CD. However, increasing evidence proposes that some of these microorganisms can also play several positive roles in CD process. Although information of the pathogenesis of the CD is quickly expanding, the possible role of bacteria needs further examination. In conclusion, with respect to the possible correlation between different bacteria in CD, the current review-based study aims to discuss the possible relationship between CD and pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and to show various and significant aspects of mechanisms involved in the CD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nasser
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh M J Shiadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Safari
- Health Promotion Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizade-Sani
- Students Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Dehghan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Bristol AN, Carpenter BP, Davis AN, Kemp LK, Rangachari V, Karim S, Morgan SE. Aqueous RAFT Synthesis of Low Molecular Weight Anionic Polymers for Determination of Structure/Binding Interactions with Gliadin. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000125. [PMID: 32567240 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gliadin, a component of gluten and a known epitope, is implicated in celiac disease (CeD) and results in an inflammatory response in CeD patients when consumed. Acrylamide-based polyelectrolytes are employed as models to determine the effect of molecular weight and pendent group on non-covalent interaction modes with gliadin in vitro. Poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate) and poly(sodium 3-methylpropyl-3-butanoate) are synthesized via aqueous reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (aRAFT) polymerization and characterized by gel permeation chromatography-multiangle laser light scattering. The polymer/gliadin blends are examined via circular dichroism, zeta potential measurements, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid fluorescence spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Acrylamide polymers containing strong anionic pendent groups have a profound effect on gliadin secondary structure and solution behavior below the isoelectric point, while polymers containing hydrophobic character only have a minor impact. The polymers have little effect on gliadin secondary structure and solution behavior at the isoelectric point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh N Bristol
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, 118 College Dr., #5050, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406-5050, USA
| | - Brooke P Carpenter
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, 118 College Dr., #5050, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406-5050, USA
| | - Ashley N Davis
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, 118 College Dr., #5050, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406-5050, USA
| | - Lisa K Kemp
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, 118 College Dr., #5050, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406-5050, USA
| | - Vijayaraghavan Rangachari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406-5050, USA
| | - Shahid Karim
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, 118 College Dr., #5018, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406-5050, USA
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, 118 College Dr., #5050, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406-5050, USA
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5
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Bascuñán KA, Araya M, Roncoroni L, Doneda L, Elli L. Dietary Gluten as a Conditioning Factor of the Gut Microbiota in Celiac Disease. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:160-174. [PMID: 31399743 PMCID: PMC7442381 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a relevant role in determining an individual's health status, and the diet is a major factor in modulating the composition and function of gut microbiota. Gluten constitutes an essential dietary component in Western societies and is the environmental trigger of celiac disease. The presence/absence of gluten in the diet can change the diversity and proportions of the microbial communities constituting the gut microbiota. There is an intimate relation between gluten metabolism and celiac disease pathophysiology and gut microbiota; their interrelation defines intestinal health and homeostasis. Environmental factors modify the intestinal microbiota and, in turn, its changes modulate the mucosal and immune responses. Current evidence from studies of young and adult patients with celiac disease increasingly supports that dysbiosis (i.e., compositional and functional alterations of the gut microbiome) is present in celiac disease, but to what extent this is a cause or consequence of the disease and whether the different intestinal diseases (celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease) have specific change patterns is not yet clear. The use of bacterial-origin enzymes that help completion of gluten digestion is of interest because of the potential application as coadjuvant in the current treatment of celiac disease. In this narrative review, we address the current knowledge on the complex interaction between gluten digestion and metabolism, celiac disease, and the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla A Bascuñán
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centre for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease/Gastroenterology II, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Magdalena Araya
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leda Roncoroni
- Centre for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease/Gastroenterology II, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Doneda
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Elli
- Centre for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease/Gastroenterology II, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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6
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Wagh SK, Gadge PP, Padul MV. Significant Hydrolysis of Wheat Gliadin by Bacillus tequilensis (10bT/HQ223107): a Pilot Study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:662-667. [PMID: 28948492 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptidase therapy is suggested to be effective to minimize gliadin toxicity in celiac disease (CD). Hence, present study deals with gliadin-hydrolysing peptidases. The efficient peptidase from the Bacillus tequilensis was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation and preparative electrophoresis. Analysis of in-solution and in-gel hydrolysis of gliadin using one and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE revealed nearly complete hydrolysis of gliadin peptides after 180 min of incubation with B. tequilensis protease. Purified peptidase was found to be stable at acidic (pH 3.5) to neutral (pH 7.2) pH range. The molecular mass and isoelectric point of the peptidase were observed around 29 kDa and 5.2, respectively. The internal protein sequence obtained through mass spectrometric analysis suggested that peptidase might belong to peptidase S9 family known for prolyl-specific peptidases. This study recommends the possible applicability of this peptidase for elimination of immunotoxic gliadin peptides and may prove useful in CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K Wagh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India
| | - Praful P Gadge
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India
| | - Manohar V Padul
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431004, India.
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7
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Kibar H. Farklı Nem İçeriklerindeki Siyez Buğdayı Tohumlarının Karbondioksit Değişimleri ve Bazı Mekanik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. ULUSLARARASI TARIM VE YABAN HAYATI BILIMLERI DERGISI 2018. [DOI: 10.24180/ijaws.480540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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8
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Gupta S, Kaushal A, Kumar A, Kumar D. Recent advances in biosensors for diagnosis of celiac disease: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:444-451. [PMID: 30516838 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an intestinal issue activated by the inappropriate immune reaction towards gluten protein of wheat, rye, barley, oats, and autoantigen, tissue transglutaminase. Regardless of the accessibility of immunochemical conventions for research facility analysis of CD, there is as yet a need of speedier, less expensive, and simpler devices for diagnosing CD. This review concentrates on progresses in biosensors for diagnosing CD in perspective of the scaled down hardware, multianalyte discovery and low sample volume necessity. Various recently developed biosensors in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Gupta
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India.,Department of Molecular Biosensor lab, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biosensor lab, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
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9
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Chander AM, Yadav H, Jain S, Bhadada SK, Dhawan DK. Cross-Talk Between Gluten, Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Mucosa in Celiac Disease: Recent Advances and Basis of Autoimmunity. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2597. [PMID: 30443241 PMCID: PMC6221985 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine, caused by gluten induced inflammation in some individuals susceptible to genetic and environmental influences. To date, pathophysiology of CD in relation to intestinal microbiota is not known well. This review relies on contribution of intestinal microbiome and oral microbiome in pathogenesis of CD based on their interactions with gluten, thereby highlighting the role of upper gastrointestinal microbiota. It has been hypothesized that CD might be triggered by additive effects of immunotoxic gluten peptides and intestinal dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) in the people with or without genetic susceptibilities, where antibiotics may be deriving dysbiotic agents. In contrast to the intestinal dysbiosis, genetic factors even seem secondary in disease outcome thus suggesting the importance of interaction between microbes and dietary factors in immune regulation at intestinal mucosa. Moreover, association of imbalanced counts of some commensal microbes in intestine of CD patients suggests the scope for probiotic therapies. Lactobacilli and specific intestinal and oral bacteria are potent source of gluten degrading enzymes (glutenases) that may contribute to commercialization of a novel glutenase therapy. In this review, we shall discuss advantages and disadvantages of food based therapies along with probiotic therapies where probiotic therapies are expected to emerge as the safest biotherapies among other in-process therapies. In addition, this review emphasizes on differential targets of probiotics that make them suitable to manage CD as along with glutenase activity, they also exhibit immunomodulatory and intestinal microbiome modulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Munish Chander
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Shalini Jain
- Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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10
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Inflammatory response of gliadin protein isolated from various wheat varieties on human intestinal cell line. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Kumar J, Verma MK, Kumar T, Gupta S, Pandey R, Yadav M, Chauhan NS. S9A Serine Protease Engender Antigenic Gluten Catabolic Competence to the Human Gut Microbe. Indian J Microbiol 2018; 58:294-300. [PMID: 30013273 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-018-0732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has a significant role in host physiology; however its role in gluten catabolism is debatable. Present study explores the role of human gut microbes in gluten catabolism and a native human gut microbe Cellulomonas sp. HM71 was identified. SSU rDNA analysis has described human gut microbiome structure and also confirmed the permanent residentship of Cellulomonas sp. HM71. Catabolic potential of Cellulomonas sp. HM71 to cleave antigenic gluten peptides indicates presence of candidate gene encoding biocatalytic machinery. Genome analysis has identified the presence of gene encoding S9A serine protease family-prolyl endopeptidase, with Ser591, Asp664 and His685 signature residues. Cellulomonas sp. HM71 prolyl endopeptidase activity was found optimal at pH 7.0 and 37 °C with a KM of 35.53 μmol and specifically cleaves at proline residue. Current study describes the gluten catabolism potential of Cellulomonas sp. HM71 depicting possible role of human gut microbes in gluten catabolism to confer resistance mechanisms for the onset of celiac diseases in populations with gluten diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Verma
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Shashank Gupta
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD UK
| | - Monika Yadav
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Nar Singh Chauhan
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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12
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Matejčeková Z, Soltészová F, Ačai P, Liptáková D, Valík Ľ. Application of Lactobacillus plantarum
in Functional Products Based on Fermented Buckwheat. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1053-1062. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Matejčeková
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak Univ. of Technology in Bratislava; Radlinského 9 SK-812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Friderika Soltészová
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak Univ. of Technology in Bratislava; Radlinského 9 SK-812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Pavel Ačai
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak Univ. of Technology in Bratislava; Radlinského 9 SK-812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Denisa Liptáková
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak Univ. of Technology in Bratislava; Radlinského 9 SK-812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Valík
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Slovak Univ. of Technology in Bratislava; Radlinského 9 SK-812 37 Bratislava Slovak Republic
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13
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Attarwala H, Clausen V, Chaturvedi P, Amiji MM. Cosilencing Intestinal Transglutaminase-2 and Interleukin-15 Using Gelatin-Based Nanoparticles in an in Vitro Model of Celiac Disease. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3036-3044. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Husain Attarwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Valerie Clausen
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Prasoon Chaturvedi
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Mansoor M. Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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14
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Selected Probiotic Lactobacilli Have the Capacity To Hydrolyze Gluten Peptides during Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00376-17. [PMID: 28500039 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00376-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the capacity of probiotic lactobacilli to hydrolyze immunogenic gluten peptides. Eighteen commercial strains of probiotic lactobacilli with highly variable peptidase activity (i.e., aminopeptidase N, iminopeptidase, prolyl endopeptidyl peptidase, tripeptidase, prolidase, prolinase, and dipeptidase), including toward Pro-rich peptides, were tested in this study. Ten probiotic strains were selected on the basis of their specific enzyme activity. When pooled, these 10 strains provided the peptidase portfolio that is required to completely degrade the immunogenic gluten peptides involved in celiac disease (CD). The selected probiotic mixture was able to completely hydrolyze well-known immunogenic epitopes, including the gliadin 33-mer peptide, the peptide spanning residues 57 to 68 of the α9-gliadin (α9-gliadin peptide 57-68), A-gliadin peptide 62-75, and γ-gliadin peptide 62-75. During digestion under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, the pool of 10 selected probiotic lactobacilli strongly hydrolyzed the wheat bread gluten (ca. 18,000 ppm) to less than 10 ppm after 360 min of treatment. As determined by multidimensional chromatography (MDLC) coupled to nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), no known immunogenic peptides were detected in wheat bread that was digested in the presence of the probiotics. Accordingly, the level of cytokines (interleukin 2 [IL-2], IL-10, and interferon gamma [IFN-γ]) produced by duodenal biopsy specimens from CD patients who consumed wheat bread digested by probiotics was similar to the baseline value (negative control). Probiotics that specifically hydrolyze gluten polypeptides could also be used to hydrolyze immunogenic peptides that contaminate gluten-free products. This could provide a new and safe adjunctive therapy alternative to the gluten-free diet (GFD).IMPORTANCE This study confirmed that probiotic Lactobacillus strains have different enzymatic abilities for hydrolyzing polypeptides, including the Pro-rich epitopes involved in the pathology of CD. Ten lactobacilli with complementary peptidase activities that hydrolyze gluten peptides during simulated gastrointestinal digestion were selected and tested. The results collected showed the potential of probiotic formulas as novel dietary treatments for CD patients.
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Attarwala H, Han M, Kim J, Amiji M. Oral nucleic acid therapy using multicompartmental delivery systems. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10. [PMID: 28544521 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics has the potential for treating numerous diseases by correcting abnormal expression of specific genes. Lack of safe and efficacious delivery strategies poses a major obstacle limiting clinical advancement of nucleic acid therapeutics. Oral route of drug administration has greater delivery challenges, because the administered genes or oligonucleotides have to bypass degrading environment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in addition to overcoming other cellular barriers preventing nucleic acid delivery. For efficient oral nucleic acid delivery, vector should be such that it can protect encapsulated material during transit through the GI tract, facilitate efficient uptake and intracellular trafficking at desired target sites, along with being safe and well tolerated. In this review, we have discussed multicompartmental systems for overcoming extracellular and intracellular barriers to oral delivery of nucleic acids. A nanoparticles-in-microsphere oral system-based multicompartmental system was developed and tested for in vivo gene and small interfering RNA delivery for treating colitis in mice. This system has shown efficient transgene expression or gene silencing when delivered orally along with favorable downstream anti-inflammatory effects, when tested in a mouse model of intestinal bowel disease. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2018, 10:e1478. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1478 This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Attarwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murui Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Queiroz AM, Rocha RFJD, Garruti DDS, Valença da Silva ADP, Araújo ÍMDS. Elaboração e caracterização de cookies sem glúten enriquecidos com farinha de coco: uma alternativa para celíacos. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.9716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Resumo Os celíacos encontram dificuldades na adoção de uma dieta totalmente isenta de glúten e com qualidade nutricional. Para tanto, objetivou-se desenvolver e avaliar cookies sem glúten enriquecidos com farinha de coco. A farinha de coco com elevado teor de cinzas, proteínas e lipídios pode ser utilizada para enriquecer produtos alimentícios. Foram elaborados cookies com base na composição de uma mistura da Federação Nacional das Associações de Celíacos do Brasil - Fenacelbra (“mix de farinha preparada II”) para cookies sem glúten: Padrão FP (formulação semelhante à composição do “mix de farinha preparada II” da Fenacelbra), F1 (modificação de FP com substituição da fécula de batata por 10% de farinha de coco), F2 (modificação de FP com adição de 5% de farinha de coco), F3 (modificação de FP com substituição do polvilho doce por 5% de farinha de coco). Os cookies foram avaliados quanto às características físicas (peso pós-cocção, diâmetro e espessura pós-cocção, fator de expansão, rendimento, Aw, dureza e cor – L*a*b*), físico-químicas (umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídios, carboidratos e valor calórico), aceitabilidade quanto aos atributos sensoriais (aceitação global, aparência, cor, aroma, sabor e textura) e atitude de compra. A adição de farinha de coco às formulações melhorou as propriedades nutricionais dos cookies sem glúten, aumentando o teor de lipídios e proteínas, e reduzindo o teor de carboidratos. Os cookies desenvolvidos apresentaram boa aceitação sensorial e intenção de compra satisfatória., A adição de 10% de farinha de coco em substituição da fécula de batata na formulação F1 não alterou as características sensoriais do produto, porém proporcionou propriedades físicas e físico-químicas superiores. Dessa forma, cookies sem glúten enriquecidos com farinha de coco constituem uma alternativa viável de alimentos destinados para pessoas portadoras de doença celíaca, mas também para quem busca produtos diferenciados e saudáveis no mercado.
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Canestaro WJ, Edwards TC, Patrick DL. Systematic review: patient-reported outcome measures in coeliac disease for regulatory submissions. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:313-31. [PMID: 27349458 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New therapeutics are moving into phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of coeliac disease, a condition with no established therapies other than gluten-free diet. These trials will require a meaningful, validated and fit for purpose patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to quantify the symptomatic improvement of patients. AIM To evaluate existing PROMs for suitability in a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval trial for a coeliac disease therapeutic. METHOD We performed a systematic search in five online databases (MedLine, EmBase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CINAHL) for studies that enrolled patients with coeliac disease and used PROMs. Studies included in this review had to measure some PROM concept, be patient administered and based upon a previously validated instrument with published measurement properties. RESULTS Our literature search identified 2706 unique records of which 199 ultimately qualified for abstraction. The majority of PROMs used in studies of coeliac disease was generic and did not measure numerous symptoms or concerns of interest to patients. Four PROMs were found to contain appropriate content for use in an FDA trial: the coeliac disease-specific modification of the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (CeD-GSRS), Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB), the Celiac Disease Symptom Diary (CDSD) and the Celiac Disease Patient Reported Outcome (CeD-PRO). The GSRS and PGWB are most often used together and are two of the most extensively used measures in coeliac disease. The CDSD and CeD-PRO were developed exclusively for trials in coeliac disease but have much less published information on their measurement properties. CONCLUSIONS While we did not find PROMs that currently meet the stated expectations of the FDA for regulatory purposes, four PROMs (CeD-GSRS, PGWB, CDSD and CeD-PRO) appear to contain appropriate content and with modest additional validation work could meet scientific standards for valid and sensitive measures of disease and treatment outcome. Specifically, what is needed for these instruments is an understanding of how sensitive they are to real changes in-patient condition, how stable they are over a period of time when health status should not have changed (test-retest reliability) as well as how they correlate with other measures of patient functioning such as intestinal biopsy. All of these objectives could feasibly be accomplished over a short cohort study of patients with biopsy-defined coeliac disease undergoing gluten challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Canestaro
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program, University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T C Edwards
- Department of Health Services, Seattle Quality of Life Group, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D L Patrick
- Department of Health Services, Seattle Quality of Life Group, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kerpes R, Knorr V, Procopio S, Koehler P, Becker T. Gluten-specific peptidase activity of barley as affected by germination and its impact on gluten degradation. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Mickowska B, Socha P, Urminská D. Immunochemical evaluation of proteolysis of cereal proteins causing celiac disease by microbial proteases. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1148665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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20
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Alvarez-Sieiro P, Redruello B, Ladero V, Martín MC, Fernández M, Alvarez MA. Screening sourdough samples for gliadin-degrading activity revealed Lactobacillus casei strains able to individually metabolize the coeliac-disease-related 33-mer peptide. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:422-30. [PMID: 27021684 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A selective culture medium containing acid-hydrolyzed gliadins as the sole nitrogen source was used in the search for sourdough-indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with gliadin-metabolizing activity. Twenty gliadin-degrading LAB strains were isolated from 10 sourdoughs made in different ways and from different geographical regions. Fifteen of the 20 isolated strains were identified as Lactobacillus casei, a species usually reported as subdominant in sourdough populations. The other 5 gliadin-degrading strains belonged to the more commonly encountered sourdough species Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarum. All these strains were shown to be safe in terms of their resistance to antimicrobial agents. When individually incubated with the α2-gliadin-derived immunotoxic 33-mer peptide (97.5 ppm), half of the L. casei strains metabolized at least 50% of it within 24 h. One strain metabolized 82% of the 33-mer peptide within 8 h and made it fully disappear within 12 h. These results reveal for the first time the presence in sourdough of proteolytic L. casei strains with the capacity to individually metabolize the coeliac-disease-related 33-mer peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alvarez-Sieiro
- Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Begoña Redruello
- Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Victor Ladero
- Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Maria Cruz Martín
- Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - María Fernández
- Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alvarez
- Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.,Dairy Research Institute (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
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Urbanska AM, Karagiannis ED, Au AS, Dai SY, Mozafari M, Prakash S. What's Next for Gastrointestinal Disorders: No Needles? J Control Release 2015; 221:48-61. [PMID: 26646543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A myriad of pathologies affect the gastrointestinal tract, citing this affected area as a significant target for therapeutic intervention. One group of therapeutic agents, antisense and oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, offer a promising platform for treating a wide variety of diseases ranging from cancer to auto-immune diseases. Current delivery methods are carried out either systemically or locally into diseased areas, both of which involve needles. The challenge in orally administering this type of treatment lies in the complications that arise due to the vast environmental extremes found within the gastrointestinal tract, owing to the fact that, as the drug travels down the gastrointestinal tract, it is subjected to pH changes and interactions with bacteria and a variety of digestive and protective enzymes including proteases, DNAses, and RNAses. Overcoming these challenges to allow the practical application of these drugs is a priority that has invoked a multitude of research in the chemical, biological, and material sciences. In this review, we will address common gastrointestinal pathologies, the barriers to oral-based therapies and antisense-interfering technologies, the approaches that have already been applied for their delivery, and the current status of antisense drug therapy clinical trials for gastrointestinal-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Urbanska
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanouil D Karagiannis
- Synthetic Neurobiology Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew S Au
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032-3802, USA
| | - Si Yuan Dai
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), P.O. Box 14155-4777, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Prolyl-specific peptidases for applications in food protein hydrolysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7837-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Salden BN, Monserrat V, Troost FJ, Bruins MJ, Edens L, Bartholomé R, Haenen GR, Winkens B, Koning F, Masclee AA. Randomised clinical study: Aspergillus niger-derived enzyme digests gluten in the stomach of healthy volunteers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:273-85. [PMID: 26040627 PMCID: PMC5032996 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillus niger prolyl endoprotease (AN-PEP) efficiently degrades gluten molecules into non-immunogenic peptides in vitro. AIM To assess the efficacy of AN-PEP on gluten degradation in a low and high calorie meal in healthy subjects. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study 12 healthy volunteers attended to four test days. A liquid low or high calorie meal (4 g gluten) with AN-PEP or placebo was administered into the stomach. Via a triple-lumen catheter gastric and duodenal aspirates were sampled, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-3350 was continuously infused. Acetaminophen in the meals tracked gastric emptying time. Gastric and duodenal samples were used to calculate 240-min area under the curve (AUC0-240 min ) of ?-gliadin concentrations. Absolute ?-gliadin AUC0-240 min was calculated using duodenal PEG-3350 concentrations. RESULTS AN-PEP lowered α-gliadin concentration AUC0-240 min, compared to placebo, from low and high calorie meals in stomach (low: 35 vs. 389 μg × min/mL; high: 53 vs. 386 μg × min/mL; P < 0.001) and duodenum (low: 7 vs. 168 μg × min/mL; high: 4 vs. 32 μg × min/mL; P < 0.001) and absolute α-gliadin AUC0-240 min in the duodenum from low (2813 vs. 31 952 μg × min; P < 0.001) and high (2553 vs. 13 095 μg × min; P = 0.013) calorie meals. In the placebo group, the high compared to low calorie meal slowed gastric emptying and lowered the duodenal α-gliadin concentration AUC0-240 min (32 vs. 168 μg × min/mL; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AN-PEP significantly enhanced gluten digestion in the stomach of healthy volunteers. Increasing caloric density prolonged gastric residence time of the meal. Since AN-PEP already degraded most gluten from low calorie meals, no incremental effect was observed by increasing meal caloric density. ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT01335503; www.trialregister.nl, Number: NTR2780.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. N. Salden
- Division of Gastroenterology‐HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNUTRIMMaastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - V. Monserrat
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical Centre (LUMC)LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - F. J. Troost
- Division of Gastroenterology‐HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNUTRIMMaastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - L. Edens
- DSM Biotechnology CentreDelftThe Netherlands
| | - R. Bartholomé
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - G. R. Haenen
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCARIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - B. Winkens
- Department of Methodology and StatisticsCAPHRIMaastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - F. Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical Centre (LUMC)LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - A. A. Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology‐HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNUTRIMMaastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
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The effects of reduced gluten barley diet on humoral and cell-mediated systemic immune responses of gluten-sensitive rhesus macaques. Nutrients 2015; 7:1657-71. [PMID: 25756783 PMCID: PMC4377872 DOI: 10.3390/nu7031657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) affects approximately 1% of the general population while an estimated additional 6% suffers from a recently characterized, rapidly emerging, similar disease, referred to as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). The only effective treatment of CD and NCGS requires removal of gluten sources from the diet. Since required adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is difficult to accomplish, efforts to develop alternative treatments have been intensifying in recent years. In this study, the non-human primate model of CD/NCGS, e.g., gluten-sensitive rhesus macaque, was utilized with the objective to evaluate the treatment potential of reduced gluten cereals using a reduced gluten (RG; 1% of normal gluten) barley mutant as a model. Conventional and RG barleys were used for the formulation of experimental chows and fed to gluten-sensitive (GS) and control macaques to determine if RG barley causes a remission of dietary gluten-induced clinical and immune responses in GS macaques. The impacts of the RG barley diet were compared with the impacts of the conventional barley-containing chow and the GFD. Although remission of the anti-gliadin antibody (AGA) serum responses and an improvement of clinical diarrhea were noted after switching the conventional to the RG barley diet, production of inflammatory cytokines, e.g., interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by peripheral CD4+ T helper lymphocytes, persisted during the RG chow treatment and were partially abolished only upon re-administration of the GFD. It was concluded that the RG barley diet might be used for the partial improvement of gluten-induced disease but its therapeutic value still requires upgrading—by co-administration of additional treatments.
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Dias R, Perez-Gregorio R, Mateus N, De Freitas V. The interaction between tannins and gliadin derived peptides in a celiac disease perspective. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02968f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The demonstration that food tannins are able to complex with gliadin-derived peptides, in a way that is dependent on both structural features, highlights their potential as modulators of celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Dias
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Rosa Perez-Gregorio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Victor De Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
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Duar RM, Clark KJ, Patil PB, Hernández C, Brüning S, Burkey TE, Madayiputhiya N, Taylor SL, Walter J. Identification and characterization of intestinal lactobacilli strains capable of degrading immunotoxic peptides present in gluten. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 118:515-27. [PMID: 25376327 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM Identify and characterize bacteria from the proximal gastrointestinal tract of pigs capable of degrading immunogenic gluten peptides. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacteria were cultured from the small intestine of pigs fed a 20% gluten diet and from an enrichment media with the 18-mer peptide LQLQPFPQPQLPYPQPQL. Isolates were screened for the production of specialized proteolytic enzymes and the ability to degrade and remove metastable peptides from α-gliadin (16-mer and 33-mer) and ω-gliadin (17-mer), with established roles in the aetiology of coeliac disease. Degradation was determined by ELISA and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS in MRM mode), and hydrolysis fragments were characterized by LC-MS/MS. Four strains from the species Lactobacillus ruminis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus salivarius showed the highest peptide-degrading activities. Strains displayed different degradation rates and cleavage patterns that resulted in reduction but not complete removal of immunotoxic epitopes. CONCLUSIONS We employed a unique enrichment process to select for bacteria adapted to the conditions of the proximal gastrointestinal tract with the ability to partially detoxify well-characterized peptides involved in coeliac disease. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides a basis for the selection of Lactobacillus strains for probiotic applications aimed to reduce epitope-containing gluten peptides before reaching the epithelium of the small intestine of patients with coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Duar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA; Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Deora NS, Deswal A, Mishra HN. Alternative Approaches Towards Gluten-Free Dough Development: Recent Trends. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-014-9079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ortega C, Fernández S, Estévez OA, Aguado R, Molina IJ, Santamaría M. IL-17 producing T cells in celiac disease: angels or devils? Int Rev Immunol 2013; 32:534-43. [PMID: 24040774 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.834898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a very common chronic condition in human beings, affecting approximately one in 100 individuals. It is an autoimmune disease with a defined environmental trigger, the gluten contained in dietary cereals, occurring in genetically susceptible individuals. The disease has a very strong HLA association. More than 90% of CD patients have HLA-DQ2, and almost all of the remaining celiac population possesses HLA-DQ8 molecules. Th17 cells seem to participate in the disease pathogenesis producing and secreting either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Ortega
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Córdoba , Córdoba , Spain
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Studies on the gluten-specific peptidase activity of germinated grains from different cereal species and cultivars. Eur Food Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-012-1853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gerez CL, Dallagnol A, Rollán G, Font de Valdez G. A combination of two lactic acid bacteria improves the hydrolysis of gliadin during wheat dough fermentation. Food Microbiol 2012; 32:427-30. [PMID: 22986210 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of gliadin hydrolysis during dough fermentation by using two lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 775 and Pediococcus pentosaceus CRL 792, as pooled cell suspension (LAB) or cell free extract (CFE) was undertaken. The CFE pool produced a greater (121%) increase in amino acid concentration than the LAB pool (70-80%). These results were correlated with the decrease (76,100 and 64,300 ppm) in the gliadin concentration of doughs supplemented with CFE and LAB, respectively, compared to control doughs. The use of LAB peptidases seemed to be a viable technologic alternative to reduce the gliadin concentration in wheat dough without using living bacteria as starter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Luciana Gerez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
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Discerning the role of Bacteroides fragilis in celiac disease pathogenesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:6507-15. [PMID: 22773639 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00563-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis, which can theoretically lead to dysfunctions in host-microbe interactions and contribute to the disease. In the present study, possible differences in Bacteroides spp. and their pathogenic features between CD patients and controls were investigated. Bacteroides clones (n = 274) were isolated, identified, and screened for the presence of the virulence genes (bft and mpII) coding for metalloproteases. The proteolytic activity of selected Bacteroides fragilis strains was evaluated by zymography and, after gastrointestinal digestion of gliadin, by high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. The effects of B. fragilis strains on Caco-2 cell culture permeability and inflammatory response to digested gliadin were determined. B. fragilis was more frequently identified in CD patients than in healthy controls, in contrast to Bacteroides ovatus. B. fragilis clones carrying virulence genes coding for metalloproteases were more abundant in CD patients than in controls. B. fragilis strains, representing the isolated clones and carrying metalloprotease genes, showed gelatinase activity and exerted the strongest adverse effects on the integrity of the Caco-2 cell monolayer. All B. fragilis strains also showed gliadin-hydrolyzing activity, and some of them generated immunogenic peptides that preserved or increased inflammatory cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and showed increased ability to permeate through Caco-2 cell cultures. These findings suggest that increased abundance of B. fragilis strains with metalloprotease activities could play a role in CD pathogenesis, although further in vivo studies are required to support this hypothesis.
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Adams GG, Kök MS, Imran S, Harding SE, Ilyas M, Tatham AS. The interaction of dietary fibres with disulphide bonds (S-S) and a potential strategy to reduce the toxicity of the gluten proteins in coeliac disease. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2012; 28:115-30. [PMID: 22616484 DOI: 10.5661/bger-28-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary G Adams
- University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Insulin and Diabetes Experimental Research (IDER) Group, Clifton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Rashtak S, Murray JA. Review article: coeliac disease, new approaches to therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:768-81. [PMID: 22324389 PMCID: PMC3912561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coeliac disease is managed by life-long gluten withdrawal from the diet. However, strict adherence to a gluten-free diet is difficult and is not always effective. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed to supplement or even replace the dietary treatment. AIM To review recent advances in new therapeutic options for coeliac disease. METHODS A literature search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, DDW.org and ClinicalTrials.gov for English articles and abstracts. The search terms used included, but not limited to, 'Celiac disease', 'new', 'novel', 'Advances', 'alternatives' and 'Drug therapy'. The cited articles were selected based on the relevancy to the review objective. RESULTS Several new therapeutic approaches for coeliac disease are currently under development by targeting its underlying pathogenesis. Alternative therapies range from reproduction of harmless wheat strains to immunomodulatory approaches. Some of these therapies such as enzymatic cleavage of gluten and permeability inhibitors have shown promise in clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS Gluten-free diet is still the only practical treatment for patients with coeliac disease. Novel strategies provide promise of alternative adjunctive approaches to diet restriction alone for patients with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rashtak
- Celiac Disease Research Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Functionalizing maize zein in viscoelastic dough systems through fibrous, β-sheet-rich protein networks: An alternative, physicochemical approach to gluten-free breadmaking. Trends Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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36
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Klöck C, Diraimondo TR, Khosla C. Role of transglutaminase 2 in celiac disease pathogenesis. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:513-22. [PMID: 22437759 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A number of lines of evidence suggest that transglutaminase 2 (TG2) may be one of the earliest disease-relevant proteins to encounter immunotoxic gluten in the celiac gut. These and other investigations also suggest that the reaction catalyzed by TG2 on dietary gluten peptides is essential for the pathogenesis of celiac disease. If so, several questions are of critical significance. How is TG2 activated in the celiac gut? What are the disease-specific and general consequences of activating TG2? Can local inhibition of TG2 in the celiac intestine suppress gluten induced pathogenesis in a dose-responsive manner? And what are the long-term consequences of suppressing TG2 activity in the small intestinal mucosa? Answers to these questions will depend upon the development of judicious models and chemical tools. They also have the potential of yielding powerful next-generation drug candidates for treating this widespread but overlooked chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Klöck
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Abstract
Bile acids deactivate certain enzymes, such as prolyl endopeptidases (PEPs), which are investigated as candidates for protease-based therapy for celiac sprue. Deactivation by bile acids presents a problem for therapeutic enzymes targetted to function in the upper intestine. However, enzyme deactivation by bile acids is not a general phenomenon. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are not deactivated by bile acids. In fact, these pancreatic enzymes are more efficient at cleaving large dietary substrates in the presence of bile acids. We targeted the origin of the apparently different effect of bile acids on prolyl endopeptidases and pancreatic enzymes by examining the effect of bile acids on the kinetics of cleavage of small substrates, and by determining the effect of bile acids on the thermodynamic stabilities of these enzymes. Physiological amounts (5 mM) of cholic acid decrease the thermodynamic stability of Flavobacterium meningosepticum PEP from 18.5 ± 2 kcal/mol to 10.5 ± 1 kcal/mol, while thermostability of trypsin and chymotrypsin is unchanged. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activation by bile and PEP deactivation can both be explained in terms of a common mechanism: bile acid-mediated protein destabilization. Bile acids, usually considered non-denaturing surfactants, in this case act as a destabilizing agent on PEP thus deactivating the enzyme. However, this level of global thermodynamic destabilization does not account for a more than 50% decrease in enzyme activity, suggesting that bile acids most likely modulate enzyme activity through specific local interactions.
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Di Sabatino A, Vanoli A, Giuffrida P, Luinetti O, Solcia E, Corazza GR. The function of tissue transglutaminase in celiac disease. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 11:746-53. [PMID: 22326684 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease is a chronic small bowel disorder caused by an abnormal immune response to an array of epitopes of wheat gluten and related proteins of rye and barley in genetically susceptible individuals who express the HLA-DQ2/-DQ8 haplotype. Gluten peptides are efficiently presented by celiac disease-specific HLA-DQ2- and HLA-DQ8-positive antigen presenting cells to CD4(+) T-cells that, once activated, drive a T helper cell type 1 response leading to the development of the typical celiac lesion-villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and intraepithelial and lamina propria infiltration of inflammatory cells. Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is a calcium dependent ubiquitous enzyme which catalyses posttranslational modification of proteins and is released from cells during inflammation. tTG is suggested to exert at least two crucial roles in celiac disease: as a deamidating enzyme, that can enhance the immunostimulatory effect of gluten, and as a target autoantigen in the immune response. Since glutamine-rich gliadin peptides are excellent substrates for tTG, and the resulting deamidated and thus negatively charged peptides have much higher affinity for the HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 molecules, the action of tTG is believed to be a key step in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. This review is focused on the function of tTG in celiac disease, although it also deals with novel advances in tTG-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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Panetta F, Nobili V, Sartorelli MR, Papa RE, Ferretti F, Alterio A, Diamanti A. Celiac disease in pediatric patients with autoimmune hepatitis: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Paediatr Drugs 2012; 14:35-41. [PMID: 22149550 DOI: 10.2165/11593150-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is defined as a permanent intolerance to ingested wheat gliadins and other cereal prolamins, occurring in genetically susceptible people. Persistent elevation of serum aminotransferase activity is expression of liver damage related to CD, which occurs in two distinctive forms. The most frequent is a mild asymptomatic liver injury, with a moderate increase of serum aminotransferase activities and a mild inflammatory portal and lobular infiltrate on liver biopsy (celiac hepatitis), reversible on a gluten-free diet (GFD). More rarely, severe and progressive inflammatory liver damage, induced by an autoimmune process and identified as autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), can develop and it is generally unaffected by gluten withdrawal. Surveys that included only pediatric patients report a wide range of prevalence of CD in AIH of 11.5-46% (mean 21.5%). CD and AIH share selected combinations of genes coding for class II human leukocyte antigens, which could explain their coexistence. Increased intestinal permeability and circulation of anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) have also been considered as further potential causes of liver damage in CD patients. tTG in the liver and in other extraintestinal tissues could modify other external- or self-antigens and generate different neo-antigens, which are responsible for liver injury in patients with CD. Patients with AIH represent a population at high risk for developing CD; screening for CD should be integrated into the diagnostic routine of all patients with AIH, with or without gastrointestinal manifestations, before starting immunosuppressive treatments. The only currently available treatment for CD is the GFD and the supportive nutritional care for iron, calcium, and vitamin deficiencies. Due to the difficulties of a GFD, in the past decade researchers have become increasingly interested in therapeutic alternatives to continuous or intermittent use of a GFD in patients with CD. Interventions addressed to correct the defect in the intestinal barrier are currently at the most advanced stage of clinical trials. The impact of a GFD on the outcome of AIH is not clear but it seems to be ineffective in the treatment of AIH. The early detection and treatment of CD, however, may prevent progression to end-stage liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Panetta
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Ges Childrens Hospital, Rome, Italy
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40
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Role of polyamines, their analogs and transglutaminases in biological and clinical perspectives. Amino Acids 2011; 42:397-409. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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41
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Hoffner G, Vanhoutteghem A, André W, Djian P. Transglutaminase in epidermis and neurological disease or what makes a good cross-linking substrate. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 78:97-160. [PMID: 22220473 DOI: 10.1002/9781118105771.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guylaine Hoffner
- Unité Propre de Recherche 2228 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Régulation de la Transcription et Maladies Génétiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Identification of Rothia bacteria as gluten-degrading natural colonizers of the upper gastro-intestinal tract. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24455. [PMID: 21957450 PMCID: PMC3177827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gluten proteins, prominent constituents of barley, wheat and rye, cause celiac disease in genetically predisposed subjects. Gluten is notoriously difficult to digest by mammalian proteolytic enzymes and the protease-resistant domains contain multiple immunogenic epitopes. The aim of this study was to identify novel sources of gluten-digesting microbial enzymes from the upper gastro-intestinal tract with the potential to neutralize gluten epitopes. Methodology/Principal Findings Oral microorganisms with gluten-degrading capacity were obtained by a selective plating strategy using gluten agar. Microbial speciations were carried out by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Enzyme activities were assessed using gliadin-derived enzymatic substrates, gliadins in solution, gliadin zymography, and 33-mer α-gliadin and 26-mer γ-gliadin immunogenic peptides. Fragments of the gliadin peptides were separated by RP-HPLC and structurally characterized by mass spectrometry. Strains with high activity towards gluten were typed as Rothia mucilaginosa and Rothia aeria. Gliadins (250 µg/ml) added to Rothia cell suspensions (OD620 1.2) were degraded by 50% after ∼30 min of incubation. Importantly, the 33-mer and 26-mer immunogenic peptides were also cleaved, primarily C-terminal to Xaa-Pro-Gln (XPQ) and Xaa-Pro-Tyr (XPY). The major gliadin-degrading enzymes produced by the Rothia strains were ∼70–75 kDa in size, and the enzyme expressed by Rothia aeria was active over a wide pH range (pH 3–10). Conclusion/Significance While the human digestive enzyme system lacks the capacity to cleave immunogenic gluten, such activities are naturally present in the oral microbial enzyme repertoire. The identified bacteria may be exploited for physiologic degradation of harmful gluten peptides.
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Medical nutrition therapy: use of sourdough lactic acid bacteria as a cell factory for delivering functional biomolecules and food ingredients in gluten free bread. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10 Suppl 1:S15. [PMID: 21995616 PMCID: PMC3231922 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-s1-s15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disease, triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by ingesting gluten from wheat, rye, barley, and other closely related cereal grains. Currently, the estimated prevalence of CD is around 1 % of the population in the western world and medical nutritional therapy (MNT) is the only accepted treatment for celiac disease. To date, the replacement of gluten in bread presents a significant technological challenge for the cereal scientist due to the low baking performance of gluten free products (GF). The increasing demand by the consumer for high quality gluten-free (GF) bread, clean labels and natural products is rising. Sourdough has been used since ancient times for the production of rye and wheat bread, its universal usage can be attributed to the improved quality, nutritional properties and shelf life of sourdough based breads. Consequently, the exploitation of sourdough for the production of GF breads appears tempting. This review will highlight how sourdough LAB can be an efficient cell factory for delivering functional biomolecules and food ingredients to enhance the quality of gluten free bread.
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TG2, a novel extracellular protein with multiple functions. Amino Acids 2011; 42:939-49. [PMID: 21818567 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
TG2 is multifunctional enzyme which can be secreted to the cell surface by an unknown mechanism where its Ca(2+)-dependent transamidase activity is implicated in a number of events important to cell behaviour. However, this activity may only be transient due to the oxidation of the enzyme in the extracellular environment including its reaction with NO probably accounting for its many other roles, which are transamidation independent. In this review, we discuss the novel roles of TG2 at the cell surface and in the ECM acting either as a transamidating enzyme or as an extracellular scaffold protein involved in cell adhesion. Such roles include its ability to act as an FN co-receptor for β integrins or in a heterocomplex with FN interacting with the cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycan syndecan-4 leading to activation of PKCα. These different properties of TG2 involve this protein in various physiological processes, which if not regulated appropriately can also lead to its involvement in a number of diseases. These include metastatic cancer, tissue fibrosis and coeliac disease, thus increasing its attractiveness as both a therapeutic target and diagnostic marker.
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Olivares M, Laparra M, Sanz Y. Influence of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 and gliadin peptides on intestinal epithelial cell proteome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7666-7671. [PMID: 21651295 DOI: 10.1021/jf201212m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease is an enteropathy caused by an abnormal immune response to cereal gluten proteins (gliadin). To unravel the possible role of the interactions between gliadin peptides and specific intestinal bacteria, the response of intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells to gliadin subjected to gastrointestinal digestion in the presence or absence of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 has been studied. Changes in the proteome of Caco-2 cells were determined by 2DE and MALDI-TOF. Gliadins digested without B. longum altered the expression of a higher number of proteins than in the presence of the bacterium (21 versus 9), and these proteins were involved in disorganization of cell cytoskeleton, inflammation, and apoptosis. Gliadins digested in the presence of the bacterium influenced the production of proteins involved in calcium homeostasis and cell survival and function. Therefore, B. longum CECT 7347 might ameliorate gliadin toxicity and modify the responses of intestinal epithelial cells to the gliadin challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olivares
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Spanish National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
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46
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Abstract
Coeliac disease is a widespread, lifelong disorder for which dietary control represents the only accepted form of therapy. There is an unmet need for nondietary therapies to treat this condition. Most ongoing and emerging drug-discovery programmes are based on the understanding that coeliac disease is caused by an inappropriate T-cell-mediated immune response to dietary gluten proteins. Recent genome-wide association studies lend further support to this pathogenic model. The central role of human leucocyte antigen genes has been validated, and a number of new risk loci have been identified, most of which are related to the biology of T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Here, we review the status of potential nondietary therapies under consideration for coeliac disease. We conclude that future development of novel therapies will be aided considerably by the identification of new, preferably noninvasive, surrogate markers for coeliac disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sollid
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Mamone G, Picariello G, Addeo F, Ferranti P. Proteomic analysis in allergy and intolerance to wheat products. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 8:95-115. [PMID: 21329430 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its extensive use in the human diet, wheat is among the most common causes of food-related allergies and intolerances. Allergies to wheat are provoked by ingestion, inhalation or contact with either the soluble or the insoluble gluten proteins in wheat. Gluten proteins, and particularly the gliadin fraction, are also the main factor triggering celiac disease, a common enteropathy induced by ingestion of wheat gluten proteins and related prolamins from oat, rye and barley in genetically susceptible individuals. The role of gliadin and of its derived peptides in eliciting the adverse reactions in celiac disease are still far from being completely explained. Owing to its unique pathogenesis, celiac disease is widely investigated as a model immunogenetic disorder. The structural characterization of the injuring agents, the gluten proteins, assumes a particular significance in order to deepen the understanding of the events that trigger this and similar diseases at the molecular level. Recent developments in proteomics have provided an important contribution to the understanding of several basic aspects of wheat protein-related diseases. These include: the identification of gluten fractions and derived peptides involved in wheat allergy and intolerance, including celiac disease, and the elucidation of their mechanism of toxicity; the development and validation of sensitive and specific methods for detecting trace amounts of gluten proteins in gluten-free foods for intolerant patients; and the formulation of completely new substitute foods and ingredients to replace the gluten-based ones. In this article, the main aspects of current and prospective applications of mass spectrometry and proteomic technologies to the structural characterization of gluten proteins and derived peptides are critically presented, with a focus on issues related to their detection, identification and quantification, which are relevant to the biochemical, immunological and toxicological aspects of wheat intolerance.
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Chen T, Hoffmann K, Ostman S, Sandberg AS, Olsson O. Identification of gliadin-binding peptides by phage display. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:16. [PMID: 21329494 PMCID: PMC3051897 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coeliac disease (CD) is a common and complex disorder of the small intestine caused by intolerance to wheat gluten and related edible cereals like barley and rye. Peptides originating from incomplete gliadin digestion activate the lamina propria infiltrating T cells to release proinflammatory cytokines, which in turn cause profound tissue remodelling of the small intestinal wall. There is no cure for CD except refraining from consuming gluten-containing products. Results Phage from a random oligomer display library were enriched by repeated pannings against immobilised gliadin proteins. Phage from the final panning round were plated, individual plaques picked, incubated with host bacteria, amplified to a population size of 1011 to 1012 and purified. DNA was isolated from 1000 purified phage populations and the region covering the 36 bp oligonucleotide insert from which the displayed peptides were translated, was sequenced. Altogether more than 150 different peptide-encoding sequences were identified, many of which were repeatedly isolated under various experimental conditions. Amplified phage populations, each expressing a single peptide, were tested first in pools and then one by one for their ability to inhibit binding of human anti-gliadin antibodies in ELISA assays. These experiments showed that several of the different peptide-expressing phage tested inhibited the interaction between gliadin and anti-gliadin antibodies. Finally, four different peptide-encoding sequences were selected for further analysis, and the corresponding 12-mer peptides were synthesised in vitro. By ELISA assays it was demonstrated that several of the peptides inhibited the interaction between gliadin molecules and serum anti-gliadin antibodies. Moreover, ELISA competition experiments as well as dot-blot and western blot revealed that the different peptides interacted with different molecular sites of gliadin. Conclusions We believe that several of the isolated and characterised gliadin-binding peptides described here could provide valuable tools for researchers in the field of CD by facilitating studies on localisation and uptake of various gliadin peptides in the small intestine. In future work, the potential of these peptides to detoxify gluten will be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingsu Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Prevention measures and exploratory pharmacological treatments of celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105:2551-61; quiz 2562. [PMID: 20877349 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence, protean clinical manifestations, and lack of pharmacological therapy make celiac disease (CD) a complex and highly relevant illness in gastroenterology. This chronic inflammatory disorder of the small intestine is caused by the ingestion of gluten containing cereals in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI manifestations. Awareness among physicians is growing due to accessible and highly accurate diagnostic and screening methods. Recent evidence suggests a possible rising incidence of CD. Environmental factors such as early life gluten exposure, intestinal infections, short duration of breast-feeding, and changes in intestinal microbiota have been proposed to have a role in CD pathogenesis. Thus, prevention approaches to diminish the rising prevalence of CD are currently being evaluated. Still, the cornerstone treatment of CD remains a strict gluten-free diet. This nutritional regime is demanding, and non-adherence is common because of social isolation, financial issues, or restriction of food diversity. Allowing patients to occasionally consume small amounts of gluten would greatly improve their quality of life. Owing to recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of CD, different targets have been identified and have motivated the development of several experimental therapeutic strategies. The main goal of this review is to discuss the mechanisms that can be exploited therapeutically to prevent or delay CD, disease associations and its complications. Current treatments for complications of CD, including refractory CD and malignancy, are beyond the scope of this review.
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50
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Proteomic analyses lead to a better understanding of celiac disease: focus on epitope recognition and autoantibodies. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:3041-6. [PMID: 20632103 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic technologies are being used with increasing frequency in the scientific community. In this review, we have highlighted their use in celiac disease (CD). The available techniques, which include two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and antibody and tissue arrays, have been used to identify proteins or changes in protein expression specific to gut tissue from patients with CD. A number of studies have employed proteomic methodologies to determine the diagnostic biomarkers in body fluids or to examine changes in protein expression and posttranslational modifications during signaling. A fast technological development of these methods, along with the combination of classic techniques with proteomics, will lead to new discoveries, which will consent a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CD.
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