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Wang P, Shao Y, Al-Nusaif M, Zhang J, Yang H, Yang Y, Kim K, Li S, Liu C, Cai H, Le W. Pathological characteristics of axons and alterations of proteomic and lipidomic profiles in midbrain dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by WDR45-deficiency. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:62. [PMID: 39183331 PMCID: PMC11346282 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although WD repeat domain 45 (WDR45) mutations have been linked to β -propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN), the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms behind this disease remain elusive. This study aims to shed light on the impacts of WDR45-deficiency on neurodegeneration, specifically axonal degeneration, within the midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) system. We hope to better understand the disease process by examining pathological and molecular alterations, especially within the DAergic system. METHODS To investigate the impacts of WDR45 dysfunction on mouse behaviors and DAergic neurons, we developed a mouse model in which WDR45 was conditionally knocked out in the midbrain DAergic neurons (WDR45cKO). Through a longitudinal study, we assessed alterations in the mouse behaviors using open field, rotarod, Y-maze, and 3-chamber social approach tests. We utilized a combination of immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy to examine the pathological changes in DAergic neuron soma and axons. Additionally, we performed proteomic and lipidomic analyses of the striatum from young and aged mice to identify the molecules and processes potentially involved in the striatal pathology during aging. Further more, primary midbrain neuronal culture was employed to explore the molecular mechanisms leading to axonal degeneration. RESULTS Our study of WDR45cKO mice revealed a range of deficits, including impaired motor function, emotional instability, and memory loss, coinciding with the profound reduction of midbrain DAergic neurons. The neuronal loss, we observed massive axonal enlargements in the dorsal and ventral striatum. These enlargements were characterized by the accumulation of extensively fragmented tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a hallmark of axonal degeneration. Proteomic analysis of the striatum showed that the differentially expressed proteins were enriched in metabolic processes. The carbohydrate metabolic and protein catabolic processes appeared earlier, and amino acid, lipid, and tricarboxylic acid metabolisms were increased during aging. Of note, we observed a tremendous increase in the expression of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (Lpcat1) that regulates phospholipid metabolism, specifically in the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the presence of acyl-CoA. The lipidomic results consistently suggested that differential lipids were concentrated on PC and LPC. Axonal degeneration was effectively ameliorated by interfering Lpcat1 expression in primary cultured WDR45-deficient DAergic neurons, proving that Lpcat1 and its regulated lipid metabolism, especially PC and LPC metabolism, participate in controlling the axonal degeneration induced by WDR45 deficits. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of WDR45 deficiency to axonal degeneration, which involves complex relationships between phospholipid metabolism, autophagy, and tubular ER. These findings greatly advance our understanding of the fundamental molecular mechanisms driving axonal degeneration and may provide a foundation for developing novel mechanistically based therapeutic interventions for BPAN and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research On the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Yaping Shao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research On the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research On the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research On the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Huijia Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research On the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research On the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Kunhyok Kim
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research On the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research On the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research On the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Li J, Feng Y, Li Y, He P, Zhou Q, Tian Y, Yao R, Yao Y. Ferritinophagy: A novel insight into the double-edged sword in ferritinophagy-ferroptosis axis and human diseases. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13621. [PMID: 38389491 PMCID: PMC11216947 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactive 4 (NCOA4), which functions as a selective cargo receptor, is a critical regulator of the particularly autophagic degradation of ferritin, a process known as ferritinophagy. Mechanistically, NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy performs an increasingly vital role in the maintenance of intracellular iron homeostasis by promoting ferritin transport and iron release as needed. Ferritinophagy is not only involved in iron-dependent responses but also in the pathogenesis and progression of various human diseases, including metabolism-related, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and infectious diseases. Therefore, ferritinophagy is of great importance in maintaining cell viability and function and represents a potential therapeutic target. Recent studies indicated that ferritinophagy regulates the signalling pathway associated with ferroptosis, a newly discovered type of cell death characterised by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Although accumulating evidence clearly demonstrates the importance of the interplay between dysfunction in iron metabolism and ferroptosis, a deeper understanding of the double-edged sword effect of ferritinophagy in ferroptosis has remained elusive. Details of the mechanisms underlying the ferritinophagy-ferroptosis axis in regulating relevant human diseases remain to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss the latest research findings regarding the mechanisms that regulate the biological function of NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy and its contribution to the pathophysiology of ferroptosis. The important role of the ferritinophagy-ferroptosis axis in human diseases will be discussed in detail, highlighting the great potential of targeting ferritinophagy in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Yan Li
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yan‐Hua Feng
- Department of OrthopedicsHebei Provincial Chidren's HospitalShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yu‐Xuan Li
- Translational Medicine Research CenterMedical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Peng‐Yi He
- Translational Medicine Research CenterMedical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qi‐Yuan Zhou
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Ying‐Ping Tian
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Ren‐Qi Yao
- Translational Medicine Research CenterMedical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yong‐Ming Yao
- Department of EmergencyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Translational Medicine Research CenterMedical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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3
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Papandreou A, Singh N, Gianfrancesco L, Budinger D, Barwick K, Agrotis A, Luft C, Shao Y, Lenaerts AS, Gregory A, Jeong SY, Hogarth P, Hayflick S, Barral S, Kriston-Vizi J, Gissen P, Kurian MA, Ketteler R. Cardiac glycosides restore autophagy flux in an iPSC-derived neuronal model of WDR45 deficiency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.13.556416. [PMID: 37745522 PMCID: PMC10515824 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.556416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Beta-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration (BPAN) is one of the commonest forms of Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation, caused by mutations in the gene encoding the autophagy-related protein, WDR45. The mechanisms linking autophagy, iron overload and neurodegeneration in BPAN are poorly understood and, as a result, there are currently no disease-modifying treatments for this progressive disorder. We have developed a patient-derived, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based midbrain dopaminergic neuronal cell model of BPAN (3 patient, 2 age-matched controls and 2 isogenic control lines) which shows defective autophagy and aberrant gene expression in key neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental and collagen pathways. A high content imaging-based medium-throughput blinded drug screen using the FDA-approved Prestwick library identified 5 cardiac glycosides that both corrected disease-related defective autophagosome formation and restored BPAN-specific gene expression profiles. Our findings have clear translational potential and emphasise the utility of iPSC-based modelling in elucidating disease pathophysiology and identifying targeted therapeutics for early-onset monogenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Papandreou
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nivedita Singh
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lorita Gianfrancesco
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dimitri Budinger
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Katy Barwick
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alexander Agrotis
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christin Luft
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ying Shao
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Serena Barral
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Robin Ketteler
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Human Medicine, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- These authors contributed equally
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Liu M, Duan Y, Dong J, Zhang K, Jin X, Gao M, Jia H, Chen J, Liu M, Wei M, Zhong X. Early signs of neurodegenerative diseases: Possible mechanisms and targets for Golgi stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116646. [PMID: 38692058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in mediating the modification, transport, and sorting of intracellular proteins and lipids. The morphological changes occurring in the Golgi apparatus are exceptionally important for maintaining its function. When exposed to external pressure or environmental stimulation, the Golgi apparatus undergoes adaptive changes in both structure and function, which are known as Golgi stress. Although certain signal pathway responses or post-translational modifications have been observed following Golgi stress, further research is needed to comprehensively summarize and understand the related mechanisms. Currently, there is evidence linking Golgi stress to neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of Golgi stress in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease remains largely unexplored. This review focuses on the structural and functional alterations of the Golgi apparatus during stress, elucidating potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of Golgi stress in regulating immunity, autophagy, and metabolic processes. Additionally, it highlights the pivotal role of Golgi stress as an early signaling event implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, this study summarizes prospective targets that can be therapeutically exploited to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases by targeting Golgi stress. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for identifying novel breakthroughs in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ying Duan
- Liaoning Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shayang, Liaoning 110005, China
| | - Jianru Dong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Kaisong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Menglin Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Huachao Jia
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ju Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Mingyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Liaoning Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shenyang, Liaoning 110167, China.
| | - Xin Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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5
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Peng Q, Cui Y, Wu J, Wu L, Liu J, Han Y, Lu G. A c.726C>G (p.Tyr242Ter) nonsense mutation-associated with splicing alteration (NASA) of WDR45 gene underlies β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). Heliyon 2024; 10:e30438. [PMID: 38765101 PMCID: PMC11098806 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by increased iron deposition in the basal ganglia and progressive degeneration of the nervous system in adulthood. However, in early childhood, there were no characteristic features to perform early diagnosis. In our study, a female child exhibited global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and febrile seizure without other distinct clinical phenotypes. Through whole exome sequencing (WES), a de novo nonsense mutation (c.726C > G, p. Tyr242Ter) of WDR45 gene was identified in this child. She was finally diagnosed as β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN), one of the recently identified subtypes of NBIA. This mutation could act as a premature stop codon (PSC) which rendered the mutated transcripts to be degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), leading to decreased levels of PSC-containing mRNAs. Additionally, through mini-gene splicing assays, this mutation could result in an unprecedented novel transcript with the exon 9 of WDR45 excluded by nonsense-associated splicing alteration (NASA). Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) on total RNAs from PBMCs of the trio revealed three types of alternative splicing events in the patient. Further research implied that downregulation of iron transport genes (TFRC, TFR2, SCARA5) might be the underlying mechanism for the iron accumulation in patients with deficient WDR45. This is the first report about NASA happening in WDR45. It implies that nonsense mutations approximal to splicing sites could affect the disease pathogenesis through more than one molecular mechanism and should be taken into consideration when conducting genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongling Peng
- Department of Child Healthcare, Shenzhen Bao'an Women's and Children's Hospital, 56 Yulyu Road, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine Research, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Deyang People's Hospital of Sichuan Traditional Medical University, No. 103 First Section of Taishanbei Road, Jingyang District, Deyang, 618000, China
- Deyang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Research, No. 103 First Section of Taishanbei Road, Jingyang District, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Lianying Wu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine Research, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Deyang People's Hospital of Sichuan Traditional Medical University, No. 103 First Section of Taishanbei Road, Jingyang District, Deyang, 618000, China
- Deyang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Research, No. 103 First Section of Taishanbei Road, Jingyang District, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Shenzhen Bao'an Women's and Children's Hospital, 56 Yulyu Road, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yangyun Han
- Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 103 First Section of Taishanbei Road, Jingyang District, Deyang, 618000, China
| | - Guanting Lu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine Research, Department of Pathology, Affiliated Deyang People's Hospital of Sichuan Traditional Medical University, No. 103 First Section of Taishanbei Road, Jingyang District, Deyang, 618000, China
- Deyang Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Research, No. 103 First Section of Taishanbei Road, Jingyang District, Deyang, 618000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, No. 103 First Section of Taishanbei Road, Jingyang District, Deyang, 618000, China
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Kurua E, Gachechiladze T, Tabatadze N, Melikishvili M, Melikishvili G, Wilmshurst JM. Extreme photosensitivity and self-induced seizures with dramatic response to add-on Lorazepam in patient with WDR45 encephalopathy. Seizure 2024; 118:91-94. [PMID: 38648697 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterine Kurua
- Department of Pediatrics, MediClubGeorgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jo M Wilmshurst
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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7
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Guerrini R, Conti V. Epileptic encephalopathies and progressive neurodegeneration. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024; 180:363-367. [PMID: 38582661 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Developmental encephalopathies (DE), epileptic encephalopathies (EE) and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) are overlapping neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by early-onset, often severe epileptic seizures, developmental delay, or regression and have multiple etiologies. Classical nosology in child neurology distinguished progressive and nonprogressive conditions. A progressive course with global cognitive worsening in DEE is usually attributed to severe seizures and electroencephalographic abnormalities whose deleterious effects interfere with developmental processes both in an apparently healthy brain and in an anatomically compromised one. Next generation sequencing and functional studies have helped identifying and characterizing clinical conditions, each with a broad spectrum of clinical and anatomic severity corresponding to a variable level of neurodegeneration, such that both a rapidly progressive course and considerably milder phenotypes with no obvious deterioration can be configured with mutations in the same gene. In this mini review, we present examples of genetic DEE that draw connections between neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - V Conti
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Fadra N, Schultz-Rogers LE, Chanana P, Cousin MA, Macke EL, Ferrer A, Pinto E Vairo F, Olson RJ, Oliver GR, Mulvihill LA, Jenkinson G, Klee EW. Identification of skewed X chromosome inactivation using exome and transcriptome sequencing in patients with suspected rare genetic disease. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:371. [PMID: 38627676 PMCID: PMC11020449 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is an epigenetic process that occurs during early development in mammalian females by randomly silencing one of two copies of the X chromosome in each cell. The preferential inactivation of either the maternal or paternal copy of the X chromosome in a majority of cells results in a skewed or non-random pattern of X inactivation and is observed in over 25% of adult females. Identifying skewed X inactivation is of clinical significance in patients with suspected rare genetic diseases due to the possibility of biased expression of disease-causing genes present on the active X chromosome. The current clinical test for the detection of skewed XCI relies on the methylation status of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme (Hpall) binding site present in proximity of short tandem polymorphic repeats on the androgen receptor (AR) gene. This approach using one locus results in uninformative or inconclusive data for 10-20% of tests. Further, recent studies have shown inconsistency between methylation of the AR locus and the state of inactivation of the X chromosome. Herein, we develop a method for estimating X inactivation status, using exome and transcriptome sequencing data derived from blood in 227 female samples. We built a reference model for evaluation of XCI in 135 females from the GTEx consortium. We tested and validated the model on 11 female individuals with different types of undiagnosed rare genetic disorders who were clinically tested for X-skew using the AR gene assay and compared results to our outlier-based analysis technique. RESULTS In comparison to the AR clinical test for identification of X inactivation, our method was concordant with the AR method in 9 samples, discordant in 1, and provided a measure of X inactivation in 1 sample with uninformative clinical results. We applied this method on an additional 81 females presenting to the clinic with phenotypes consistent with different hereditary disorders without a known genetic diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the use of transcriptome and exome sequencing data to provide an accurate and complete estimation of X-inactivation and skew status in a cohort of female patients with different types of suspected rare genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numrah Fadra
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura E Schultz-Rogers
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pritha Chanana
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Margot A Cousin
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erica L Macke
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alejandro Ferrer
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Filippo Pinto E Vairo
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rory J Olson
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gavin R Oliver
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lindsay A Mulvihill
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Garrett Jenkinson
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Zhu Y, Fujimaki M, Snape L, Lopez A, Fleming A, Rubinsztein DC. Loss of WIPI4 in neurodegeneration causes autophagy-independent ferroptosis. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:542-551. [PMID: 38454050 PMCID: PMC11021183 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
β-Propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is a rare X-linked dominant disease, one of several conditions that manifest with neurodegeneration and brain iron accumulation. Mutations in the WD repeat domain 45 (WDR45) gene encoding WIPI4 lead to loss of function in BPAN but the cellular mechanisms of how these trigger pathology are unclear. The prevailing view in the literature is that BPAN is simply the consequence of autophagy deficiency given that WIPI4 functions in this degradation pathway. However, our data indicate that WIPI4 depletion causes ferroptosis-a type of cell death induced by lipid peroxidation-via an autophagy-independent mechanism, as demonstrated both in cell culture and in zebrafish. WIPI4 depletion increases ATG2A localization at endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contact sites, which enhances phosphatidylserine import into mitochondria. This results in increased mitochondrial synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, a major lipid prone to peroxidation, thus enabling ferroptosis. This mechanism has minimal overlap with classical ferroptosis stimuli but provides insights into the causes of neurodegeneration in BPAN and may provide clues for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Motoki Fujimaki
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louisa Snape
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Lopez
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angeleen Fleming
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Esbit S, Sidlow R. A Case of Beta-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration With a Unique Truncating Variant in the WDR45 Gene and Uncommon Clinical and Radiologic Findings. Cureus 2024; 16:e58127. [PMID: 38741870 PMCID: PMC11088971 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN), a subtype of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, is caused by variants in the WDR45 gene. In this paper, we describe a patient with an atypical presentation of BPAN whose whole exome sequencing revealed a previously unattested truncating variant in the WDR45 gene (c.830+3G>C/p.Leu278Ter), the pathogenicity of which was verified by RNA transcriptomics. A number of uncommon neuroanatomic and clinical findings in our patient are discussed, expanding the phenotype associated with BPAN. This unique case challenges existing genotype-phenotype correlations and highlights the role of X chromosome skewing in shaping the clinical spectrum of BPAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Esbit
- Medicine, Medical School for International Health, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, ISR
| | - Richard Sidlow
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera, USA
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11
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Yamada M, Maeta K, Suzuki H, Kurosawa R, Takenouchi T, Awaya T, Ajiro M, Takeuchi A, Nishio H, Hagiwara M, Miya F, Matsuo M, Kosaki K. Successful skipping of abnormal pseudoexon by antisense oligonucleotides in vitro for a patient with beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6506. [PMID: 38499569 PMCID: PMC10948761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in WDR45 on chromosome Xp11 cause neurodegenerative disorder beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). Currently, there is no effective therapy for BPAN. Here we report a 17-year-old female patient with BPAN and show that antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) was effective in vitro. The patient had developmental delay and later showed extrapyramidal signs since the age of 15 years. MRI findings showed iron deposition in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra on T2 MRI. Whole genome sequencing and RNA sequencing revealed generation of pseudoexon due to inclusion of intronic sequences triggered by an intronic variant that is remote from the exon-intron junction: WDR45 (OMIM #300526) chrX(GRCh37):g.48935143G > C, (NM_007075.4:c.235 + 159C > G). We recapitulated the exonization of intron sequences by a mini-gene assay and further sought antisense oligonucleotide that induce pseudoexon skipping using our recently developed, a dual fluorescent splicing reporter system that encodes two fluorescent proteins, mCherry, a transfection marker designed to facilitate evaluation of exon skipping and split eGFP, a splicing reaction marker. The results showed that the 24-base ASO was the strongest inducer of pseudoexon skipping. Our data presented here have provided supportive evidence for in vivo preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Yamada
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maeta
- KNC Department of Nucleic Acid Drug Discovery, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisato Suzuki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kurosawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takenouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Anatomical Studies, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ajiro
- Division of Cancer RNA Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuko Takeuchi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisahide Nishio
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Miya
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Matsuo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Li S, Huang P, Lai F, Zhang T, Guan J, Wan H, He Y. Mechanisms of Ferritinophagy and Ferroptosis in Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1605-1626. [PMID: 37736794 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the role of autophagy, particularly the selective form like ferritinophagy, in promoting cells to undergo ferroptosis has inspired us to investigate functional connections between diseases and cell death. Ferroptosis is a novel model of procedural cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammatory response. Based on ferroptosis, the study of ferritinophagy is particularly important. In recent years, extensive research has elucidated the role of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in neurological diseases and anemia, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets. Besides, the global emergence and rapid transmission of COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents a considerable risk to public health worldwide. The potential involvement of ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of brain injury associated with COVID-19 is still unclear. This review summarizes the pathophysiological changes of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in neurological diseases, anemia, and COVID-19, and hypothesizes that ferritinophagy may be a potential mechanism of ferroptosis. Advancements in these fields will enhance our comprehension of methods to prevent and address neurological disorders, anemia, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Feifan Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiaqi Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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13
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Liénard C, Pintart A, Bomont P. Neuronal Autophagy: Regulations and Implications in Health and Disease. Cells 2024; 13:103. [PMID: 38201307 PMCID: PMC10778363 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major degradative pathway that plays a key role in sustaining cell homeostasis, integrity, and physiological functions. Macroautophagy, which ensures the clearance of cytoplasmic components engulfed in a double-membrane autophagosome that fuses with lysosomes, is orchestrated by a complex cascade of events. Autophagy has a particularly strong impact on the nervous system, and mutations in core components cause numerous neurological diseases. We first review the regulation of autophagy, from autophagosome biogenesis to lysosomal degradation and associated neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorders. We then describe how this process is specifically regulated in the axon and in the somatodendritic compartment and how it is altered in diseases. In particular, we present the neuronal specificities of autophagy, with the spatial control of autophagosome biogenesis, the close relationship of maturation with axonal transport, and the regulation by synaptic activity. Finally, we discuss the physiological functions of autophagy in the nervous system, during development and in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Liénard
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Pintart
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Pascale Bomont
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
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14
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Proikas-Cezanne T, Haas ML, Pastor-Maldonado CJ, Schüssele DS. Human WIPI β-propeller function in autophagy and neurodegeneration. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:127-139. [PMID: 38058212 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The four human WIPI β-propellers, WIPI1 through WIPI4, belong to the ancient PROPPIN family and fulfill scaffold functions in the control of autophagy. In this context, WIPI β-propellers function as PI3P effectors during autophagosome formation and loss of WIPI function negatively impacts autophagy and contributes to neurodegeneration. Of particular interest are mutations in WDR45, the human gene that encodes WIPI4. Sporadic WDR45 mutations are the cause of a rare human neurodegenerative disease called BPAN, hallmarked by high brain iron accumulation. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the functions of human WIPI β-propellers and address unanswered questions with a particular focus on the role of WIPI4 in autophagy and BPAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian L Haas
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carmen J Pastor-Maldonado
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - David S Schüssele
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Proikas-Cezanne T, Thumm M. Autophagy-from yeast to humans: Thirty years of molecular autophagy. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:3-6. [PMID: 38206618 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Thumm
- Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, Goettingen University Medical Centre, Goettingen, Germany
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16
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Lewerissa EI, Nadif Kasri N, Linda K. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy-related genes: Implications for neurodevelopmental disorders. Autophagy 2024; 20:15-28. [PMID: 37674294 PMCID: PMC10761153 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2250217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily highly conserved catabolic process that is important for the clearance of cytosolic contents to maintain cellular homeostasis and survival. Recent findings point toward a critical role for autophagy in brain function, not only by preserving neuronal health, but especially by controlling different aspects of neuronal development and functioning. In line with this, mutations in autophagy-related genes are linked to various key characteristics and symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism, micro-/macrocephaly, and epilepsy. However, the group of NDDs caused by mutations in autophagy-related genes is relatively small. A significant proportion of NDDs are associated with mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulatory proteins that modulate gene expression, so-called chromatinopathies. Intriguingly, several of the NDD-linked chromatinopathy genes have been shown to regulate autophagy-related genes, albeit in non-neuronal contexts. From these studies it becomes evident that tight transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes is crucial to control autophagic activity. This opens the exciting possibility that aberrant autophagic regulation might underly nervous system impairments in NDDs with disturbed epigenetic regulation. We here summarize NDD-related chromatinopathy genes that are known to regulate transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes. Thereby, we want to highlight autophagy as a candidate key hub mechanism in NDD-related chromatinopathies.Abbreviations: ADNP: activity dependent neuroprotector homeobox; ASD: autism spectrum disorder; ATG: AutTophaGy related; CpG: cytosine-guanine dinucleotide; DNMT: DNA methyltransferase; EHMT: euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase; EP300: E1A binding protein p300; EZH2: enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit; H3K4me3: histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation; H3K9me1/2/3: histone 3 lysine 9 mono-, di-, or trimethylation; H3K27me2/3: histone 3 lysine 27 di-, or trimethylation; hiPSCs: human induced pluripotent stem cells; HSP: hereditary spastic paraplegia; ID: intellectual disability; KANSL1: KAT8 regulatory NSL complex subunit 1; KAT8: lysine acetyltransferase 8; KDM1A/LSD1: lysine demethylase 1A; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; NDD: neurodevelopmental disorder; PHF8: PHD finger protein 8; PHF8-XLID: PHF8-X linked intellectual disability syndrome; PTM: post-translational modification; SESN2: sestrin 2; YY1: YY1 transcription factor; YY1AP1: YY1 associated protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly I. Lewerissa
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Linda
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
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17
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Sakurai HT, Arakawa S, Yamaguchi H, Torii S, Honda S, Shimizu S. An Overview of Golgi Membrane-Associated Degradation (GOMED) and Its Detection Methods. Cells 2023; 12:2817. [PMID: 38132137 PMCID: PMC10741765 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that utilizes lysosomes to degrade its own components and is performed using Atg5 and other molecules originating from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. On the other hand, we identified an alternative type of autophagy, namely, Golgi membrane-associated degradation (GOMED), which also utilizes lysosomes to degrade its own components, but does not use Atg5 originating from the Golgi membranes. The GOMED pathway involves Ulk1, Wipi3, Rab9, and other molecules, and plays crucial roles in a wide range of biological phenomena, such as the regulation of insulin secretion and neuronal maintenance. We here describe the overview of GOMED, methods to detect autophagy and GOMED, and to distinguish GOMED from autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tajima Sakurai
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.T.S.); (S.A.); (H.Y.); (S.T.); (S.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, Harima Science Garden City, Himeji 678-1205, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoko Arakawa
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.T.S.); (S.A.); (H.Y.); (S.T.); (S.H.)
| | - Hirofumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.T.S.); (S.A.); (H.Y.); (S.T.); (S.H.)
| | - Satoru Torii
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.T.S.); (S.A.); (H.Y.); (S.T.); (S.H.)
| | - Shinya Honda
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.T.S.); (S.A.); (H.Y.); (S.T.); (S.H.)
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; (H.T.S.); (S.A.); (H.Y.); (S.T.); (S.H.)
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18
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Mollereau B, Hayflick SJ, Escalante R, Mauthe M, Papandreou A, Iuso A, Celle M, Aniorte S, Issa AR, Lasserre JP, Lesca G, Thobois S, Burger P, Walter L. A burning question from the first international BPAN symposium: is restoration of autophagy a promising therapeutic strategy for BPAN? Autophagy 2023; 19:3234-3239. [PMID: 37565733 PMCID: PMC10621268 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2247314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is a rare neurodegenerative disease associated with severe cognitive and motor deficits. BPAN pathophysiology and phenotypic spectrum are still emerging due to the fact that mutations in the WDR45 (WD repeat domain 45) gene, a regulator of macroautophagy/autophagy, were only identified a decade ago. In the first international symposium dedicated to BPAN, which was held in Lyon, France, a panel of international speakers, including several researchers from the autophagy community, presented their work on human patients, cellular and animal models, carrying WDR45 mutations and their homologs. Autophagy researchers found an opportunity to explore the defective function of autophagy mechanisms associated with WDR45 mutations, which underlie neuronal dysfunction and early death. Importantly, BPAN is one of the few human monogenic neurological diseases targeting a regulator of autophagy, which raises the possibility that it is a relevant model to directly assess the roles of autophagy in neurodegeneration and to develop autophagy restorative therapeutic strategies for more common disorders.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BPAN: beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; KO: knockout; NBIA: neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WDR45: WD repeat domain 45; WIPI: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Mollereau
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Susan J Hayflick
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Pediatrics, and Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ricardo Escalante
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols. CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Mauthe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Molecular Cell Biology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Apostolos Papandreou
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arcangela Iuso
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Celle
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Sahra Aniorte
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Abdul Raouf Issa
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Paul Lasserre
- Laboratory of NRGEN, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Service de Génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut Neuromyogene, Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR 5261-INSERM U1315, Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Thobois
- Service de Neurologie C, Movement disorders unit, Hopital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, CNRS, Bron, France
- Faculté de Médecine et de Maieutique Charles Mérieux, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline Burger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1258, CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Ludivine Walter
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, ENS of Lyon, University of Lyon, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Lyon, France
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19
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Ali NH, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alnaaim SA, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GES. Autophagy and autophagy signaling in Epilepsy: possible role of autophagy activator. Mol Med 2023; 29:142. [PMID: 37880579 PMCID: PMC10598971 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an explicit cellular process to deliver dissimilar cytoplasmic misfolded proteins, lipids and damaged organelles to the lysosomes for degradation and elimination. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the main negative regulator of autophagy. The mTOR pathway is involved in regulating neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, neuronal development and excitability. Exaggerated mTOR activity is associated with the development of temporal lobe epilepsy, genetic and acquired epilepsy, and experimental epilepsy. In particular, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is mainly involved in epileptogenesis. The investigation of autophagy's involvement in epilepsy has recently been conducted, focusing on the critical role of rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, in reducing the severity of induced seizures in animal model studies. The induction of autophagy could be an innovative therapeutic strategy in managing epilepsy. Despite the protective role of autophagy against epileptogenesis and epilepsy, its role in status epilepticus (SE) is perplexing and might be beneficial or detrimental. Therefore, the present review aims to revise the possible role of autophagy in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif H Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Najran university, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Saud A Alnaaim
- Clinical Neurosciences Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, 1030, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Matrouh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt.
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20
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Gazit I, Hecht I, Weiner C, Kotlyar A, Almer Z, Bakshi E, Or L, Volkov H, Feldman B, Maharshak I, Michelson M, Goldenberg-Cohen N, Pras E. Variants in the WDR45 Gene Within the OPA-2 Locus Associate With Isolated X-Linked Optic Atrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:17. [PMID: 37819743 PMCID: PMC10573587 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe clinical and molecular findings of two families with X-linked optic atrophy and present two new pathogenic variants in the WDR45 gene. Methods Case series and molecular analysis of two families of Jewish Ashkenazi descent with early onset bilateral optic atrophy. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatic analysis were performed, followed by Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis. Results In both families, male siblings (three in family 1, two in family 2) had early-onset isolated bilateral optic atrophy. The sibling's healthy mother (and in the second family also one healthy sister) had a mild presentation, suggesting a carrier state and an X-linked inheritance pattern. All participants were otherwise healthy, apart from mild learning disabilities and autism spectrum disorder in two siblings of the second family. Variants in known optic atrophy genes were excluded. Analysis revealed a point variant in the WDR45 gene-a missense variant in the first family, NM_001029896.2:c.107C>A; NP_001025067.1:p.Pro36His (variant ID: 1704205), and a splice site variant in the second family, NM_001029896.2:c.236-1G>T; NP_009006.2:p.Val80Leu (variant ID: 1704204), located on Xp11.23 (OPA2 locus). Both variants are novel and predicted as pathogenic. In both families, the variant was seen with full segregation with the disease, occurring in all affected male participants and in one allele of the carrier females, as well as none of the healthy participants. Conclusions Among two families with isolated X-linked optic atrophy, molecular analysis revealed novel variants in the WDR45 gene in full segregation with the disease. This gene resides within the OPA2 locus, previously described to associate with X-linked optic atrophy. Taken together, these findings suggest that certain pathogenic variants in the WDR45 gene are associated with isolated X-linked optic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Gazit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Idan Hecht
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Matlow's Ophthalmo-genetics Laboratory, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Chen Weiner
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Matlow's Ophthalmo-genetics Laboratory, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Alina Kotlyar
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Matlow's Ophthalmo-genetics Laboratory, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Zina Almer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Erez Bakshi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lior Or
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadas Volkov
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Barak Feldman
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Idit Maharshak
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Marina Michelson
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- The Genetic Institute of Maccabi Health Medicinal Organization, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitza Goldenberg-Cohen
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, and the Department of Ophthalmology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Pras
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Matlow's Ophthalmo-genetics Laboratory, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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21
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Suárez-Carrillo A, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Romero-González A, Talaverón-Rey M, Povea-Cabello S, Cilleros-Holgado P, Piñero-Pérez R, Reche-López D, Gómez-Fernández D, Romero-Domínguez JM, Munuera-Cabeza M, Díaz A, González-Granero S, García-Verdugo JM, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Antioxidants Prevent Iron Accumulation and Lipid Peroxidation, but Do Not Correct Autophagy Dysfunction or Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Cellular Models of BPAN. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14576. [PMID: 37834028 PMCID: PMC11340724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a group of rare neurogenetic disorders frequently associated with iron accumulation in the basal nuclei of the brain. Among NBIA subtypes, β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is associated with mutations in the autophagy gene WDR45. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the autophagic defects and secondary pathological consequences in cellular models derived from two patients harboring WDR45 mutations. Both protein and mRNA expression levels of WDR45 were decreased in patient-derived fibroblasts. In addition, the increase of LC3B upon treatments with autophagy inducers or inhibitors was lower in mutant cells compared to control cells, suggesting decreased autophagosome formation and impaired autophagic flux. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed mitochondrial vacuolization associated with the accumulation of lipofuscin-like aggregates containing undegraded material. Autophagy dysregulation was also associated with iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. In addition, mutant fibroblasts showed altered mitochondrial bioenergetics. Antioxidants such as pantothenate, vitamin E and α-lipoic prevented lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation. However, antioxidants were not able to correct the expression levels of WDR45, neither the autophagy defect nor cell bioenergetics. Our study demonstrated that WDR45 mutations in BPAN cellular models impaired autophagy, iron metabolism and cell bioenergetics. Antioxidants partially improved cell physiopathology; however, autophagy and cell bioenergetics remained affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, ABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (D.G.-F.); (J.M.R.-D.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, ABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (D.G.-F.); (J.M.R.-D.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Ana Romero-González
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, ABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (D.G.-F.); (J.M.R.-D.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Marta Talaverón-Rey
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, ABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (D.G.-F.); (J.M.R.-D.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Suleva Povea-Cabello
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, ABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (D.G.-F.); (J.M.R.-D.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Paula Cilleros-Holgado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, ABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (D.G.-F.); (J.M.R.-D.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Rocío Piñero-Pérez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, ABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (D.G.-F.); (J.M.R.-D.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Diana Reche-López
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, ABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (D.G.-F.); (J.M.R.-D.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - David Gómez-Fernández
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, ABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (D.G.-F.); (J.M.R.-D.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - José Manuel Romero-Domínguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, ABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (D.G.-F.); (J.M.R.-D.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Manuel Munuera-Cabeza
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, ABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (D.G.-F.); (J.M.R.-D.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Antonio Díaz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Susana González-Granero
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia and CIBERNED-ISCIII, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (J.M.G.-V.)
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia and CIBERNED-ISCIII, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (J.M.G.-V.)
| | - José A. Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, ABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (A.S.-C.); (M.Á.-C.); (A.R.-G.); (M.T.-R.); (S.P.-C.); (P.C.-H.); (R.P.-P.); (D.R.-L.); (D.G.-F.); (J.M.R.-D.); (M.M.-C.)
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22
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Shimizu T, Tamura N, Nishimura T, Saito C, Yamamoto H, Mizushima N. Comprehensive analysis of autophagic functions of WIPI family proteins and their implications for the pathogenesis of β-propeller associated neurodegeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2623-2637. [PMID: 37364041 PMCID: PMC10407718 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
β-propellers that bind polyphosphoinositides (PROPPINs) are an autophagy-related protein family conserved throughout eukaryotes. The PROPPIN family includes Atg18, Atg21 and Hsv2 in yeast and WD-repeat protein interacting with phosphoinositides (WIPI)1-4 in mammals. Mutations in the WIPI genes are associated with human neuronal diseases, including β-propeller associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) caused by mutations in WDR45 (encoding WIPI4). In contrast to yeast PROPPINs, the functions of mammalian WIPI1-WIPI4 have not been systematically investigated. Although the involvement of WIPI2 in autophagy has been clearly shown, the functions of WIPI1, WIPI3 and WIPI4 in autophagy remain poorly understood. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the roles of WIPI proteins by using WIPI-knockout (single, double and quadruple knockout) HEK293T cells and recently developed HaloTag-based reporters, which enable us to monitor autophagic flux sensitively and quantitatively. We found that WIPI2 was nearly essential for autophagy. Autophagic flux was unaffected or only slightly reduced by single deletion of WIPI3 (encoded by WDR45B) or WIPI4 but was profoundly reduced by double deletion of WIPI3 and WIPI4. Furthermore, we revealed variable effects of BPAN-related missense mutations on the autophagic activity of WIPI4. BPAN is characterized by neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative abnormalities, and we found a possible association between the magnitude of the defect of the autophagic activity of WIPI4 mutants and the severity of neurodevelopmental symptoms. However, some of the BPAN-related missense mutations, which produce neurodegenerative signs, showed almost normal autophagic activity, suggesting that non-autophagic functions of WIPI4 may be related to neurodegeneration in BPAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Norito Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taki Nishimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Chieko Saito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hayashi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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23
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Kobayashi Y, Tohyama J, Akasaka N, Yamada K, Hojo M, Seki E, Miura M, Soma N, Ono T, Kato M, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N. The HCN1 p.Ser399Pro variant causes epileptic encephalopathy with super-refractory status epilepticus. Hum Genome Var 2023; 10:20. [PMID: 37353494 PMCID: PMC10290089 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-023-00247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HCN1 is one of four genes encoding hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. The phenotypic spectrum associated with HCN1 variants ranges from neonatal developmental and epileptic encephalopathy to idiopathic generalized epilepsy. We report a Japanese patient with repetitive focal seizures and super-refractory status epilepticus since early infancy caused by a de novo HCN1 variant, NM_021072.4, c.1195T>C, p.(Ser399Pro). This variant might have a dominant-negative effect on channel function, leading to severe epileptic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kobayashi
- Department of Child Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Tohyama
- Department of Child Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Akasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata Prefecture Hamagumi Medical Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kei Yamada
- Department of Child Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Moemi Hojo
- Department of Child Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Eijun Seki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaki Miura
- Department of Child Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noriko Soma
- Department of Child Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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24
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Mansour MA, Moawad Y, Ali H. Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration: A clinical update with a case report. eNeurologicalSci 2023; 31:100469. [PMID: 37396670 PMCID: PMC10311142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2023.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlabelled Image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A. Mansour
- Department of Neurology and Neurologic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Neurology and Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Neuro-Intensive Care, Dar Al-Fouad Medical Corporation, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yehia Moawad
- Department of Neurology and Neurologic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Division of Neurology and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Le W, Wang P, Al-Nusaif M, Zhang J, Yang H, Yang Y, Kim K, Li S, Liu C, Cai H. Pathological characteristics of axons and proteome patterns in midbrain dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by WDR45-deficiency. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2901370. [PMID: 37292937 PMCID: PMC10246098 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2901370/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Although WD repeats domain 45 (WDR45) mutations have been linked to β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN), the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms behind this disease remain elusive. This study aims to shed light on the effects of WDR45-deficiency on neurodegeneration, specifically axonal degeneration, within the midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) system. By examining pathological and molecular alterations, we hope to better understand the disease process. Methods To investigate the effects of WDR45 dysfunction on mouse behaviors and DAergic neurons, we developed a mouse model in which WDR45 was conditionally knocked out in midbrain DAergic neurons (WDR45cKO). Through a longitudinal study, we assessed alterations in mouse behavior using open field, rotarod, Y-maze, and 3-chamber social approach tests. To examine the pathological changes in DAergic neuron soma and axons, we utilized a combination of immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, we performed proteomic analyses of the striatum to identify the molecules and processes involved in striatal pathology. Results Our study of WDR45cKO mice revealed a range of deficits, including impaired motor function, emotional instability, and memory loss, coinciding with the profound loss of midbrain DAergic neurons. Prior to neuronal loss, we observed massive axonal enlargements in both the dorsal and ventral striatum. These enlargements were characterized by the accumulation of extensively fragmented tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a hallmark of axonal degeneration. Additionally, we found that WDR45cKO mice exhibited disrupted autophagic flux. Proteomic analysis of the striatum in these mice showed that many differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were enriched in amino acid, lipid, and tricarboxylic acid metabolisms. Of note, we observed significant alterations in the expression of genes encoding DEPs that regulate phospholipids catabolic and biosynthetic processes, such as lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1, ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase, and abhydrolase domain containing 4, N-acyl phospholipase B. These findings suggest a possible link between phospholipid metabolism and striatal axon degeneration. Conclusions In this study, we have uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of WDR45-deficiency to axonal degeneration, revealing intricate relationships between tubular ER dysfunction, phospholipid metabolism, BPAN and other neurodegenerative diseases. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the fundamental molecular mechanisms driving neurodegeneration and may provide a foundation for developing novel, mechanistically-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Le
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Dalian Medical University
| | - Panpan Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | | | - Jun Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Huijia Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Yuting Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Kunhyok Kim
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Song Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Cong Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
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Di Fonzo A, Jinnah HA, Zech M. Dystonia genes and their biological pathways. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 169:61-103. [PMID: 37482402 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has been instrumental in uncovering the spectrum of pathogenic genetic alterations that contribute to the etiology of dystonia. Despite the immense heterogeneity in monogenic causes, studies performed during the past few years have highlighted that many rare deleterious variants associated with dystonic presentations affect genes that have roles in certain conserved pathways in neural physiology. These various gene mutations that appear to converge towards the disruption of interconnected cellular networks were shown to produce a wide range of different dystonic disease phenotypes, including isolated and combined dystonias as well as numerous clinically complex, often neurodevelopmental disorder-related conditions that can manifest with dystonic features in the context of multisystem disturbances. In this chapter, we summarize the manifold dystonia-gene relationships based on their association with a discrete number of unifying pathophysiological mechanisms and molecular cascade abnormalities. The themes on which we focus comprise dopamine signaling, heavy metal accumulation and calcifications in the brain, nuclear envelope function and stress response, gene transcription control, energy homeostasis, lysosomal trafficking, calcium and ion channel-mediated signaling, synaptic transmission beyond dopamine pathways, extra- and intracellular structural organization, and protein synthesis and degradation. Enhancing knowledge about the concept of shared etiological pathways in the pathogenesis of dystonia will motivate clinicians and researchers to find more efficacious treatments that allow to reverse pathologies in patient-specific core molecular networks and connected multipathway loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Di Fonzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - H A Jinnah
- Departments of Neurology, Human Genetics, and Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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27
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Chen W, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li W, Sha L, Xia Y, Chen L. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy for epilepsy therapy: opportunities and obstacles. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103600. [PMID: 37119963 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy (EP) is a long-term neurological disorder characterized by neuroinflammatory responses, neuronal apoptosis, imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress in the brain. Autophagy is a process of cellular self-regulation to maintain normal physiological functions. Emerging evidence suggests that dysfunctional autophagy pathways in neurons are a potential mechanism underlying EP pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss current evidence and molecular mechanisms of autophagy dysregulation in EP and the probable function of autophagy in epileptogenesis. Moreover, we review the autophagy modulators reported for the treatment of EP models, and discuss the obstacles to, and opportunities for, the potential therapeutic applications of novel autophagy modulators as EP therapies. Teaser: Defective autophagy affects the onset and progression of epilepsy, and many anti-epileptic drugs have autophagy-modulating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanling Li
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Leihao Sha
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilin Xia
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Guillén-Samander A, De Camilli P. Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Contact Sites, Lipid Transport, and Neurodegeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:a041257. [PMID: 36123033 PMCID: PMC10071438 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is an endomembrane system that plays a multiplicity of roles in cell physiology and populates even the most distal cell compartments, including dendritic tips and axon terminals of neurons. Some of its functions are achieved by a cross talk with other intracellular membranous organelles and with the plasma membrane at membrane contacts sites (MCSs). As the ER synthesizes most membrane lipids, lipid exchanges mediated by lipid transfer proteins at MCSs are a particularly important aspect of this cross talk, which synergizes with the cross talk mediated by vesicular transport. Several mutations of genes that encode proteins localized at ER MCSs result in familial neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing the importance of the normal lipid traffic within cells for a healthy brain. Here, we provide an overview of such diseases, with a specific focus on proteins that directly or indirectly impact lipid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Guillén-Samander
- Departments of Neuroscience and of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Departments of Neuroscience and of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA
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Xiong Q, Sun H, Xing W, Li X, Chen G, Zhao Z, Wu C, Li P. WDR45 mutation dysregulates iron homeostasis by promoting the chaperone-mediated autophagic degradation of ferritin heavy chain in an ER stress/p38 dependent mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 201:89-97. [PMID: 36940732 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is the main iron storage protein that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of iron homeostasis. Mutations in the autophagy protein WD repeat domain 45 (WDR45) that lead to iron overload is associated with the human β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). Previous studies have demonstrated that ferritin was decreased in WDR45 deficient cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we have demonstrated that the ferritin heavy chain (FTH) could be degraded via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in ER stress/p38-dependent pathway. In HeLa cells, inducing the ER stress activated CMA, therefore facilitated the degradation of FTH, and increased the content of Fe2+. However, the increased CMA activity and Fe2+ as well as the decreased FTH by ER stress inducer were restored by pre-treatment with p38 inhibitor. Overexpression of a mutant WDR45 activated CMA thus promoted the degradation of FTH. Furthermore, inhibition of ER stress/p38 pathway resulted in reduced activity of CMA, which consequently elevated the protein level of FTH but reduced the Fe2+ level. Our results revealed that WDR45 mutation dysregulates iron homeostasis by activating CMA, and promotes FTH degradation through ER stress/p38 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Xiong
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Huimin Sun
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Wenxiu Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guangxin Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Spagnoli C, Fusco C, Pisani F. Pediatric-Onset Epilepsy and Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathies Followed by Early-Onset Parkinsonism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043796. [PMID: 36835207 PMCID: PMC9965035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic early-onset Parkinsonism is unique due to frequent co-occurrence of hyperkinetic movement disorder(s) (MD), or additional neurological of systemic findings, including epilepsy in up to 10-15% of cases. Based on both the classification of Parkinsonism in children proposed by Leuzzi and coworkers and the 2017 ILAE epilepsies classification, we performed a literature review in PubMed. A few discrete presentations can be identified: Parkinsonism as a late manifestation of complex neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DE-EE), with multiple, refractory seizure types and severely abnormal EEG characteristics, with or without preceding hyperkinetic MD; Parkinsonism in the context of syndromic conditions with unspecific reduced seizure threshold in infancy and childhood; neurodegenerative conditions with brain iron accumulation, in which childhood DE-EE is followed by neurodegeneration; and finally, monogenic juvenile Parkinsonism, in which a subset of patients with intellectual disability or developmental delay (ID/DD) develop hypokinetic MD between 10 and 30 years of age, following unspecific, usually well-controlled, childhood epilepsy. This emerging group of genetic conditions leading to epilepsy or DE-EE in childhood followed by juvenile Parkinsonism highlights the need for careful long-term follow-up, especially in the context of ID/DD, in order to readily identify individuals at increased risk of later Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Spagnoli
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Maria Nuova, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0522-296033
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Maria Nuova, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Macroautophagy and microautophagy are highly conserved eukaryotic cellular processes that degrade cytoplasmic material in lysosomes. Both pathways involve characteristic membrane dynamics regulated by autophagy-related proteins and other molecules, some of which are shared between the two pathways. Over the past few years, the application of new technologies, such as cryo-electron microscopy, coevolution-based structural prediction and in vitro reconstitution, has revealed the functions of individual autophagy gene products, especially in autophagy induction, membrane reorganization and cargo recognition. Concomitantly, mutations in autophagy genes have been linked to human disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing the potential pathogenic implications of autophagy defects. Accumulating genome data have also illuminated the evolution of autophagy genes within eukaryotes as well as their transition from possible ancestral elements in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayashi Yamamoto
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.410821.e0000 0001 2173 8328Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sidi Zhang
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Seizure in Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation: A Systematic Review. Can J Neurol Sci 2023; 50:60-71. [PMID: 35067244 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2021.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a rare genetic disorder. Its clinical manifestations comprise a wide spectrum mainly movement disorders. Seizure as a clinical manifestation is known to occur in some NBIAs, but the exact prevalence of epilepsy in each individual disorder is not well elucidated. The aim of this review was to investigate the frequency of seizures in NBIA disorders as well as to determine the associated features of patients with seizures. METHOD The electronic bibliographic databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for all cases in any type of article from inception to December 16, 2019. All the reported cases of NBIA (with or without genetic confirmation) were identified. Case reports with an explicit diagnosis of any types of NBIA, which have reported occurrence (or absence) of any type of seizure or epilepsy, in the English language, were included. Seizure incidence rate, type, and age of onset were reported as frequencies and percentages. RESULT 1698 articles were identified and 51 were included in this review. Of 305 reported cases, 150 (49.2%) had seizures (phospholipase A2-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) = 64 (50.8%), beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) = 57 (72.1%), pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) = 11 (23.4%), and others = 18 (very variable proportions)). The most frequent seizure type in NBIA patients was generalized tonic-clonic seizure with the mean age of seizure onset between 2 and 36 years. However, most of these papers had been published before the new classification of epilepsy became accessible. Affected patients were more likely to be females. CONCLUSION Seizures are common in NBIA, particularly in PLAN and BPAN. In PKAN, the most common type of NBIA, around 10% of patients are affected by seizures. BPAN is the most possible NBIA accompanying seizure. Most of the findings regarding the seizure characteristics in the NBIAs are biased due to the huge missing data. Therefore, any conclusions should be made with caution and need further investigations.
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Zhang X, Liu J, Wang H. The cGAS-STING-autophagy pathway: Novel perspectives in neurotoxicity induced by manganese exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120412. [PMID: 36240967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic high-level heavy metal exposure increases the risk of developing different neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic excessive manganese (Mn) exposure is known to lead to neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, some evidence suggests that autophagy dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past decade, the DNA-sensing receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream signal-efficient interferon gene stimulator (STING), as well as the molecular composition and regulatory mechanisms of this pathway have been well understood. The cGAS-STING pathway has emerged as a crucial mechanism to induce effective innate immune responses by inducing type I interferons in mammalian cells. Moreover, recent studies have found that Mn2+ is the second activator of the cGAS-STING pathway besides dsDNA, and inducing autophagy is a primitive function for the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. However, overactivation of the immune response can lead to tissue damage. This review discusses the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by Mn exposure from the cGAS-STING-autophagy pathway. Future work exploiting the cGAS-STING-autophagy pathway may provide a novel perspective for manganese neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Papandreou A, Soo AKS, Spaull R, Mankad K, Kurian MA, Sudhakar S. Expanding the Spectrum of Early Neuroradiologic Findings in β Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1810-1814. [PMID: 36328404 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE β propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is the most common neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorder. Typical radiologic findings are T2 hypointensity in the substantia nigra and globus pallidus, as well as a T1 halolike substantia nigra hyperintense signal surrounding a hypointense central area. However, these findings are often subtle or absent on initial scans, risking diagnostic delay. In this study, we sought to investigate radiologic findings that could aid in the early diagnosis of BPAN. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed in a national referral center, including all pediatric patients with confirmed pathogenic WDR45 mutations and consistent clinical semiology. MR imaging findings were independently reported by 2 pediatric neuroradiologists. RESULTS Fifteen patients were included in the study, and 27 scans were available for review. The initial neuroimaging study was undertaken at a mean age of 3.2 years. Iron deposition was uncommon in patients younger than 4 years of age. Neuroradiologic features from very early on included dentate, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra swelling, as well as a thin corpus callosum and small pontine volume. Optic nerve thinning was also present in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the key early MR imaging features of BPAN. Iron deposition in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra is not common in children younger than 4 years of age; clinicians should not be deterred from suspecting BPAN in the presence of the findings described in this study and the appropriate clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Papandreou
- From the Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., A.K.S.S., R.S., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK .,Departments of Neurology (A.P., A.K.S.S., R.S., M.A.K.)
| | - A K S Soo
- From the Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., A.K.S.S., R.S., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Departments of Neurology (A.P., A.K.S.S., R.S., M.A.K.)
| | - R Spaull
- From the Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., A.K.S.S., R.S., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Departments of Neurology (A.P., A.K.S.S., R.S., M.A.K.)
| | - K Mankad
- Neuroradiology (K.M., S.S.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M A Kurian
- From the Molecular Neurosciences (A.P., A.K.S.S., R.S., M.A.K.), Developmental Neurosciences Programme, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Departments of Neurology (A.P., A.K.S.S., R.S., M.A.K.)
| | - S Sudhakar
- Neuroradiology (K.M., S.S.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Chiapparini L, Zorzi G. Early Neuroimaging Markers in β Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1815-1816. [PMID: 36396333 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G Zorzi
- Department of Paediatric Neuroscience Fondazione Institute for Hospitalization and Healthcare Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan, Italy
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36
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Tsukida K, Muramatsu SI, Osaka H, Yamagata T, Muramatsu K. WDR45 variants cause ferrous iron loss due to impaired ferritinophagy associated with nuclear receptor coactivator 4 and WD repeat domain phosphoinositide interacting protein 4 reduction. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac304. [PMID: 36751498 PMCID: PMC9897194 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood/β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration is a neurodegenerative disorder with brain iron accumulation caused by the variants of WDR45, a core autophagy-related gene that encodes WD repeat domain phosphoinositide interacting protein 4. However, the pathophysiology of the disease, particularly the function of WDR45/WD repeat domain phosphoinositide interacting protein 4 in iron metabolism, is largely unknown. As no other variants of core autophagy-related genes show abnormalities in iron metabolism, the relation between autophagy and iron metabolism remains to be elucidated. Since iron deposition in the brain is the hallmark of static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood/β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration, iron chelation therapy has been attempted, but it was found to worsen the symptoms; thus, the establishment of a curative treatment is essential. Here, we evaluated autophagy and iron metabolism in patient-derived cells. The expression of ferritin and ferric iron increased and that of ferrous iron decreased in the patient cells with WDR45 variants. In addition, the expression of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 was markedly reduced in patient-derived cells. Furthermore, divalent metal transporter 1, which takes in ferrous iron, was upregulated, while ferroportin, which exports ferrous iron, was downregulated in patient-derived cells. The transfer of WDR45 via an adeno-associated virus vector restored WD repeat domain phosphoinositide interacting protein 4 and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 expression, reduced ferritin levels, and improved other phenotypes observed in patient-derived cells. As nuclear receptor coactivator 4 mediates the ferritin-specific autophagy, i.e. ferritinophagy, its deficiency impaired ferritinophagy, leading to the accumulation of ferric iron-containing ferritin and insufficiency of ferrous iron. Because ferrous iron is required for various essential biochemical reactions, the changes in divalent metal transporter 1 and ferroportin levels may indicate a compensatory response for maintaining the intracellular levels of ferrous iron. Our study revealed that the pathophysiology of static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood/β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration involves ferrous iron insufficiency via impaired ferritinophagy through nuclear receptor coactivator 4 expression reduction. Our findings could aid in developing a treatment strategy involving WDR45 manipulation, which may have clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwako Tsukida
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurological Gene Therapy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan,Center for Gene & Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Muramatsu
- Correspondence to: Kazuhiro Muramatsu, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-city, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan E-mail:
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Noguchi S, Shimizu S. Molecular mechanisms and biological roles of GOMED. FEBS J 2022; 289:7213-7220. [PMID: 34787961 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously discovered an autophagy-like proteolysis mechanism that uses the Golgi membrane, namely, Golgi membrane-associated degradation (GOMED). Morphologically, GOMED resembles canonical autophagy, but the two mechanisms have different cellular functions, as they degrade different substrates and use different membrane sources. Furthermore, although the molecules involved partially overlap, the core molecules are completely different. GOMED preferentially degrades Golgi-trafficking proteins, including insulin granules in pancreatic β-cells and ceruloplasmin in neurons, and is involved in a wide variety of physiological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Noguchi
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Interactions of dopamine, iron, and alpha-synuclein linked to dopaminergic neuron vulnerability in Parkinson's disease and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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The ATRX splicing variant c.21-1G>A is asymptomatic. Hum Genome Var 2022; 9:33. [PMID: 36104326 PMCID: PMC9474544 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-022-00212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATRX variant c.21-1G>A was detected by an exome analysis of a patient with Cockayne syndrome without alpha thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability syndrome (ATR-XS). In addition, variants in ERCC6 were detected. ATRX c.21-1G>A is localized at the splicing acceptor site of intron 1. This splicing event, NM_000489.6: c.21_133del p.S7Rfs*1, induces exon 2 deletion and early termination. The start codon in exon 3 of ATRX is presumed to produce a slightly shorter but functional ATRX protein.
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Almannai M, Marafi D, El-Hattab AW. WIPI proteins: Biological functions and related syndromes. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1011918. [PMID: 36157071 PMCID: PMC9500159 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1011918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
WIPI (WD-repeat protein Interacting with PhosphoInositides) are important effectors in autophagy. These proteins bind phosphoinositides and recruit autophagy proteins. In mammals, there are four WIPI proteins: WIPI1, WIPI2, WIPI3 (WDR45B), and WIPI4 (WDR45). These proteins consist of a seven-bladed β-propeller structure. Recently, pathogenic variants in genes encoding these proteins have been recognized to cause human diseases with a predominant neurological phenotype. Defects in WIPI2 cause a disease characterized mainly by intellectual disability and variable other features while pathogenic variants in WDR45B and WDR45 have been recently reported to cause El-Hattab-Alkuraya syndrome and beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN), respectively. Whereas, there is no disease linked to WIPI1 yet, one study linked it neural tube defects (NTD). In this review, the role of WIPI proteins in autophagy is discussed first, then syndromes related to these proteins are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Almannai
- Genetics and Precision Medicine Department, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Almannai
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Ayman W. El-Hattab
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Genetics and Metabolic Department, KidsHeart Medical Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Changotra H, Kaur S, Yadav SS, Gupta GL, Parkash J, Duseja A. ATG5: A central autophagy regulator implicated in various human diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:650-667. [PMID: 36062813 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular conserved degradative process, plays a central role in the renewal/recycling of a cell to maintain the homeostasis of nutrients and energy within the cell. ATG5, a key component of autophagy, regulates the formation of the autophagosome, a hallmark of autophagy. ATG5 binds with ATG12 and ATG16L1 resulting in E3 like ligase complex, which is necessary for autophagosome expansion. Available data suggest that ATG5 is indispensable for autophagy and has an imperative role in several essential biological processes. Moreover, ATG5 has also been demonstrated to possess autophagy-independent functions that magnify its significance and therapeutic potential. ATG5 interacts with various molecules for the execution of different processes implicated during physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, ATG5 genetic variants are associated with various ailments. This review discusses various autophagy-dependent and autophagy-independent roles of ATG5, highlights its various deleterious genetic variants reported until now, and various studies supporting it as a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Changotra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sargeet Kaur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Singh Yadav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Girdhari Lal Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Gavazzi F, Pierce SR, Vithayathil J, Cunningham K, Anderson K, McCann J, Moll A, Muirhead K, Sherbini O, Prange E, Dubbs H, Tochen L, Fraser J, Helbig I, Lewin N, Thakur N, Adang LA. Psychometric outcome measures in beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:26-32. [PMID: 35878504 PMCID: PMC9613602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by iron accumulation in the brain with spectrum of neurodevelopmental and movement phenotypes. In anticipation of future clinical trials and to inform clinical care, there is an unmet need to capture the phenotypic diversity of this rare disorder and better define disease subtypes. METHODS A total of 27 individuals with BPAN were included in our natural history study, from which traditional outcome measures were obtained in 18 subjects. Demographic and diagnostic information, along with acquisition of basic developmental skills and overall neurologic severity were extracted from the medical records. Functional outcome measures were administered at the time of the evaluation or applied retrospectively at the last clinical encounter for patients who were not able to travel for in person. Based on age and functional level, the following assessments were administered: Leiter-3, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-66 Item Sets, Vineland-3, and Peabody-2. RESULTS Overall, cognitive function was more impaired compared to gross motor function. Onset of symptoms of BPAN within the first 6 months of life was associated with decreased gain of ambulation and gain of spoken language (ambulation: log-rank test p = 0.0015; gain of first word: p = 0.0015). There was no difference in age at seizure onset by age at initial symptom onset (p = 0.8823). Collection of prospective outcome measures was limited by attention and behavior in our patient population, reinforcing the complexity of phenotype assessment and inadequacy of available standardized tests. Overall, gross motor and adaptive behavior assessments were better able to capture the dynamic range of function across the BPAN population than the fine motor and non-verbal cognitive tests. Floor effects were noted across outcome measures in a subset of individuals for cognitive and adaptive behavior tests. CONCLUSION Our data suggest the distinct phenotypes of BPAN: a severe, early onset form and an attenuated form with higher cognitive capabilities. Early age at onset was a key factor in predicting future neurologic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gavazzi
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Samuel R Pierce
- Departmen of Physical Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Vithayathil
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristin Cunningham
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kim Anderson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob McCann
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashley Moll
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kayla Muirhead
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Omar Sherbini
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erin Prange
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holly Dubbs
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Tochen
- Children's National Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Jamie Fraser
- Rare Disease Institute, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Lewin
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nivedita Thakur
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura A Adang
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Molecular Mechanism and Regulation of Autophagy and Its Potential Role in Epilepsy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172621. [PMID: 36078029 PMCID: PMC9455075 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved degradation mechanism for maintaining cell homeostasis whereby cytoplasmic components are wrapped in autophagosomes and subsequently delivered to lysosomes for degradation. This process requires the concerted actions of multiple autophagy-related proteins and accessory regulators. In neurons, autophagy is dynamically regulated in different compartments including soma, axons, and dendrites. It determines the turnover of selected materials in a spatiotemporal control manner, which facilitates the formation of specialized neuronal functions. It is not surprising, therefore, that dysfunctional autophagy occurs in epilepsy, mainly caused by an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in the brain. In recent years, much attention has been focused on how autophagy may cause the development of epilepsy. In this article, we overview the historical landmarks and distinct types of autophagy, recent progress in the core machinery and regulation of autophagy, and biological roles of autophagy in homeostatic maintenance of neuronal structures and functions, with a particular focus on synaptic plasticity. We also discuss the relevance of autophagy mechanisms to the pathophysiology of epileptogenesis.
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Diaw SH, Ganos C, Zittel S, Plötze-Martin K, Kulikovskaja L, Vos M, Westenberger A, Rakovic A, Lohmann K, Dulovic-Mahlow M. Mutant WDR45 Leads to Altered Ferritinophagy and Ferroptosis in β-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179524. [PMID: 36076926 PMCID: PMC9455908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is a subtype of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) caused by loss-of-function variants in WDR45. The underlying mechanism of iron accumulation in WDR45 deficiency remains elusive. We established a primary skin fibroblast culture of a new BPAN patient with a missense variant p.(Asn61Lys) in WDR45 (NM_007075.3: c.183C>A). The female patient has generalized dystonia, anarthria, parkinsonism, spasticity, stereotypies, and a distinctive cranial MRI with generalized brain atrophy, predominantly of the cerebellum. For the functional characterization of this variant and to provide a molecular link of WDR45 and iron accumulation, we looked for disease- and variant-related changes in the patient’s fibroblasts by qPCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence comparing to three controls and a previously reported WDR45 patient. We demonstrated molecular changes in mutant cells comprising an impaired mitochondrial network, decreased levels of lysosomal proteins and enzymes, and altered autophagy, confirming the pathogenicity of the variant. Compared to increased levels of the ferritinophagy marker Nuclear Coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in control cells upon iron treatment, patients’ cells revealed unchanged NCOA4 protein levels, indicating disturbed ferritinophagy. Additionally, we observed abnormal protein levels of markers of the iron-dependent cell death ferroptosis in patients’ cells. Altogether, our data suggests that WDR45 deficiency affects ferritinophagy and ferroptosis, consequentially disturbing iron recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos Ganos
- Department of Neurology, Charité—University Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Zittel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Melissa Vos
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ana Westenberger
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence:
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45
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Zhang J, Lu Y, Tian X, Men X, Zhang Y, Yan H, Yang F, Yang Z, Wang X. A homozygous variant of WDR45B results in global developmental delay: Additional case and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e2036. [PMID: 35962600 PMCID: PMC9544213 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global developmental delay (GDD) has a heterogeneous clinical profile among patients, accounting for approximately 1%-3% of cases in children. An increasing number of gene defects have been demonstrated to be associated with GDD; up to now, only limited studies have reported developmental disorders driven by WDR45B. METHODS Trio-whole exome sequencing (Trio-WES) was performed for the patient and her family. All variants with a minor allele frequency <0.01 were selected for further interpretation according to the ACMG guidelines. Candidate pathogenic variants were validated by Sanger sequencing in her family. RESULTS A homozygous nonsynonymous variant in WDR45B [NM_019613.4: c.677G>C (p. Arg226Thr)] was identified from the proband. The variant was absent in published databases such as gnomAD and Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). The variant was predicted to be damaging for proteins and classified as VUS according to the ACMG guidelines. We reviewed the literature, and the development delay level in our case was less severe than the other reported cases. CONCLUSION We reported another case with a novel homozygous variant of WDR45B and showed the heterogeneity of clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xinyi Men
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yange Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huifang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hengshui people's Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China
| | | | | | - Xiuxia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Tsujikawa K, Hamanaka K, Riku Y, Hattori Y, Hara N, Iguchi Y, Ishigaki S, Hashizume A, Miyatake S, Mitsuhashi S, Miyazaki Y, Kataoka M, Jiayi L, Yasui K, Kuru S, Koike H, Kobayashi K, Sahara N, Ozaki N, Yoshida M, Kakita A, Saito Y, Iwasaki Y, Miyashita A, Iwatsubo T, Ikeuchi T, Miyata T, Sobue G, Matsumoto N, Sahashi K, Katsuno M. Actin-binding protein filamin-A drives tau aggregation and contributes to progressive supranuclear palsy pathology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5029. [PMID: 35613261 PMCID: PMC9132466 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While amyloid-β lies upstream of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease, key drivers for other tauopathies, including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), are largely unknown. Various tau mutations are known to facilitate tau aggregation, but how the nonmutated tau, which most cases with PSP share, increases its propensity to aggregate in neurons and glial cells has remained elusive. Here, we identified genetic variations and protein abundance of filamin-A in the PSP brains without tau mutations. We provided in vivo biochemical evidence that increased filamin-A levels enhance the phosphorylation and insolubility of tau through interacting actin filaments. In addition, reduction of filamin-A corrected aberrant tau levels in the culture cells from PSP cases. Moreover, transgenic mice carrying human filamin-A recapitulated tau pathology in the neurons. Our data highlight that filamin-A promotes tau aggregation, providing a potential mechanism by which filamin-A contributes to PSP pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyo Tsujikawa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neurology , National Hospital Organization Suzuka National Hospital, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Riku
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuki Hattori
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norikazu Hara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yohei Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ishigaki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hashizume
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research Education, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Genomic Function and Diversity, Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Miyazaki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kataoka
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Li Jiayi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keizo Yasui
- Department of Neurology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuru
- Department of Neurology , National Hospital Organization Suzuka National Hospital, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Haruki Koike
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Naruhiko Sahara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (The Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akinori Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Takaki Miyata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sahashi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research Education, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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47
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González-Rodríguez P, Klionsky DJ, Joseph B. Autophagy regulation by RNA alternative splicing and implications in human diseases. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2735. [PMID: 35585060 PMCID: PMC9117662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and RNA alternative splicing are two evolutionarily conserved processes involved in overlapping physiological and pathological processes. However, the extent of functional connection is not well defined. Here, we consider the role for alternative splicing and generation of autophagy-related gene isoforms in the regulation of autophagy in recent work. The impact of changes to the RNA alternative splicing machinery and production of alternative spliced isoforms on autophagy are reviewed with particular focus on disease relevance. The use of drugs targeting both alternative splicing and autophagy as well as the selective regulation of single autophagy-related protein isoforms, are considered as therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia González-Rodríguez
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Griffey CJ, Yamamoto A. Macroautophagy in CNS health and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:411-427. [PMID: 35505254 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that delivers diverse cellular contents to lysosomes for degradation. As our understanding of this pathway grows, so does our appreciation for its importance in disorders of the CNS. Once implicated primarily in neurodegenerative events owing to acute injury and ageing, macroautophagy is now also linked to disorders of neurodevelopment, indicating that it is essential for both the formation and maintenance of a healthy CNS. In parallel to understanding the significance of macroautophagy across contexts, we have gained a greater mechanistic insight into its physiological regulation and the breadth of cargoes it can degrade. Macroautophagy is a broadly used homeostatic process, giving rise to questions surrounding how defects in this single pathway could cause diseases with distinct clinical and pathological signatures. To address this complexity, we herein review macroautophagy in the mammalian CNS by examining three key features of the process and its relationship to disease: how it functions at a basal level in the discrete cell types of the brain and spinal cord; which cargoes are being degraded in physiological and pathological settings; and how the different stages of the macroautophagy pathway intersect with diseases of neurodevelopment and adult-onset neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Griffey
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behaviour, Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- Departments of Neurology, and Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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49
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Olszewska DA, Rawal S, Fearon C, Alcaide‐Leon P, Stell R, Paramanandan V, Lynch T, Jawad T, Vittal P, Barton B, Miyajima H, Kono S, Kandadai RM, Borgohain R, Lang AE. Neuroimaging Pearls from the MDS Congress Video Challenge. Part 1: Genetic Disorders. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:297-310. [PMID: 35402643 PMCID: PMC8974871 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We selected several "imaging pearls" presented during the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Video Challenge for this review. While the event, as implicated by its name, was video-centered, we would like to emphasize the important role of imaging in making the correct diagnosis. We divided this anthology into two parts: genetic and acquired disorders. Genetic cases described herein were organized by the inheritance pattern and the focus was put on the imaging findings and differential diagnoses. Despite the overlapping phenotypes, certain described disorders have pathognomonic MRI brain findings that would provide either the "spot" diagnosis or result in further investigations leading to the diagnosis. Despite this, the diagnosis is often challenging with a broad differential diagnosis, and hallmark findings may be present for only a limited time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A. Olszewska
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital—UHN, Division of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sapna Rawal
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Conor Fearon
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital—UHN, Division of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Paula Alcaide‐Leon
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Rick Stell
- Movement Disorders Unit, Perron Institute of Neurological Translational ScienceSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Tim Lynch
- Centre for Brain HealthDublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublinIreland
- School of Medicine and Medical ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Tania Jawad
- Department of NeurologyThe Royal Free HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Padmaja Vittal
- Northwestern Medicine Central Dupage HospitalNeurodegenerative Diseases CenterWinfieldIllinoisUSA
| | - Brandon Barton
- Rush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Care ConsortiumJesse Brown VA Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Hiroaki Miyajima
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuJapan
| | | | | | - Rupam Borgohain
- Department of NeurologyNizam's Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabadIndia
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital—UHN, Division of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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50
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Fleming A, Bourdenx M, Fujimaki M, Karabiyik C, Krause GJ, Lopez A, Martín-Segura A, Puri C, Scrivo A, Skidmore J, Son SM, Stamatakou E, Wrobel L, Zhu Y, Cuervo AM, Rubinsztein DC. The different autophagy degradation pathways and neurodegeneration. Neuron 2022; 110:935-966. [PMID: 35134347 PMCID: PMC8930707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term autophagy encompasses different pathways that route cytoplasmic material to lysosomes for degradation and includes macroautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and microautophagy. Since these pathways are crucial for degradation of aggregate-prone proteins and dysfunctional organelles such as mitochondria, they help to maintain cellular homeostasis. As post-mitotic neurons cannot dilute unwanted protein and organelle accumulation by cell division, the nervous system is particularly dependent on autophagic pathways. This dependence may be a vulnerability as people age and these processes become less effective in the brain. Here, we will review how the different autophagic pathways may protect against neurodegeneration, giving examples of both polygenic and monogenic diseases. We have considered how autophagy may have roles in normal CNS functions and the relationships between these degradative pathways and different types of programmed cell death. Finally, we will provide an overview of recently described strategies for upregulating autophagic pathways for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeleen Fleming
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Motoki Fujimaki
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Cansu Karabiyik
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gregory J Krause
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana Lopez
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Adrián Martín-Segura
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Puri
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Aurora Scrivo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John Skidmore
- The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Island Research Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Eleanna Stamatakou
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lidia Wrobel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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