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Meyer T, Schumann P, Grehl T, Weyen U, Petri S, Rödiger A, Steinbach R, Grosskreutz J, Bernsen S, Weydt P, Wolf J, Günther R, Vidovic M, Baum P, Metelmann M, Weishaupt JH, Streubel B, Kasper DC, Koc Y, Kettemann D, Norden J, Schmitt P, Walter B, Münch C, Spittel S, Maier A, Körtvélyessy P. SOD1 gene screening in ALS - frequency of mutations, patients' attitudes to genetic information and transition to tofersen treatment in a multi-center program. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39268612 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2024.2401131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To report the frequency of pathogenic SOD1 gene variants in a screening program in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and the clinical practice of transition to an expanded access program (EAP) of tofersen treatment. Methods: From October 2021 to February 2024, at 11 ALS centers in Germany genetic testing for SOD1, FUS, TARDBP, and C9orf72 was performed. Patients were offered to opt for notification either about all genetic variants or SOD1 variants relevant for tofersen therapy. The transition to the EAP with tofersen was assessed. Results: 1935 patients were screened (94.7% sporadic ALS). 48.8% (n = 928) opted for notification of treatment-relevant information. Genetic variants were found as follows: SOD1 (likely) pathogenic variants (class 4/5) 1.8% (n = 34), variants of unknown significance (class 3) 0.8% (n = 16), FUS (class 4/5) 0.9% (n = 17), TARDBP (class 4/5) 1.3% (n = 25), C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion 7.0% (n = 135). In SOD1-ALS (encompassing class 3-5 variants, n = 50), 68.0% (n = 34) reported a negative family history. 74.0% (n = 37) of SOD1-ALS patients - which represent 1.9% of all participants of the screening program - were transitioned to tofersen. Median duration from start of genetic testing to treatment was 94 days (57 to 295 days). Eight patients declined treatment whereas five individuals died before initiation of therapy. Conclusion: The finding of SOD1 variants in patients with a negative family history underscores the need for a broad genetic screening in ALS. In SOD1-ALS, the treatment option with tofersen was mostly utilized. The wide range in the transition time to tofersen calls for a SOD1-ALS management program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Ambulanzpartner Soziotechnologie APST GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peggy Schumann
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Ambulanzpartner Soziotechnologie APST GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Grehl
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Essen, Germany
| | - Ute Weyen
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annekathrin Rödiger
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- ZSE, Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Steinbach
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Grosskreutz
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Bernsen
- Department for Neuromuscular Disorders, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
- DZNE, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Weydt
- Department for Neuromuscular Disorders, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
- DZNE, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Diako Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - René Günther
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- DZNE, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximilian Vidovic
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Baum
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Moritz Metelmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neurology Department, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim Center for Translational Medicine, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Yasemin Koc
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kettemann
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Norden
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bertram Walter
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Münch
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Ambulanzpartner Soziotechnologie APST GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - André Maier
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Péter Körtvélyessy
- Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Noches V, Campos-Melo D, Droppelmann CA, Strong MJ. Epigenetics in the formation of pathological aggregates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1417961. [PMID: 39290830 PMCID: PMC11405384 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1417961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The progressive degeneration of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is accompanied by the formation of a broad array of cytoplasmic and nuclear neuronal inclusions (protein aggregates) largely containing RNA-binding proteins such as TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) or fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS). This process is driven by a liquid-to-solid phase separation generally from proteins in membrane-less organelles giving rise to pathological biomolecular condensates. The formation of these protein aggregates suggests a fundamental alteration in the mRNA expression or the levels of the proteins involved. Considering the role of the epigenome in gene expression, alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNAs, and RNA modifications become highly relevant to understanding how this pathological process takes effect. In this review, we explore the evidence that links epigenetic mechanisms with the formation of protein aggregates in ALS. We propose that a greater understanding of the role of the epigenome and how this inter-relates with the formation of pathological LLPS in ALS will provide an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Noches
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Danae Campos-Melo
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cristian A Droppelmann
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J Strong
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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3
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Meyer T, Schumann P, Weydt P, Petri S, Weishaupt JH, Weyen U, Koch JC, Günther R, Regensburger M, Boentert M, Wiesenfarth M, Koc Y, Kolzarek F, Kettemann D, Norden J, Bernsen S, Elmas Z, Conrad J, Valkadinov I, Vidovic M, Dorst J, Ludolph AC, Hesebeck-Brinckmann J, Spittel S, Münch C, Maier A, Körtvélyessy P. Clinical and patient-reported outcomes and neurofilament response during tofersen treatment in SOD1-related ALS-A multicenter observational study over 18 months. Muscle Nerve 2024; 70:333-345. [PMID: 39031772 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by SOD1 mutations (SOD1-ALS), tofersen received accelerated approval in the United States and is available via expanded access programs (EAP) outside the United States. This multicenter study investigates clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PRO) and serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) during tofersen treatment in an EAP in Germany. METHODS Sixteen SOD1-ALS patients receiving tofersen for at least 6 months were analyzed. The ALS progression rate (ALS-PR), as measured by the monthly change of the ALS functional rating scale-revised (ALSFRS-R), slow vital capacity (SVC), and sNfL were investigated. PRO included the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP2), Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9), and Net Promoter Score (NPS). RESULTS Mean tofersen treatment was 11 months (6-18 months). ALS-PR showed a mean change of -0.2 (range 0 to -1.1) and relative reduction by 25%. Seven patients demonstrated increased ALSFRS-R. SVC was stable (mean 88%, range -15% to +28%). sNfL decreased in all patients except one heterozygous D91A-SOD1 mutation carrier (mean change of sNfL -58%, range -91 to +27%, p < .01). MYMOP2 indicated improved symptom severity (n = 10) or yet perception of partial response (n = 6). TSQM-9 showed high global treatment satisfaction (mean 83, SD 16) although the convenience of drug administration was modest (mean 50, SD 27). NPS revealed a very high recommendation rate for tofersen (NPS +80). DISCUSSION Data from this EAP supported the clinical and sNfL response to tofersen in SOD1-ALS. PRO suggested a favorable patient perception of tofersen treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Meyer
- Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Ambulanzpartner Soziotechnologie APST GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peggy Schumann
- Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Ambulanzpartner Soziotechnologie APST GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Weydt
- Department for Neuromuscular Disorders, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
- DZNE, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Research Site Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Neurology Department, Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Mannheim Center for Translational Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ute Weyen
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan C Koch
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - René Günther
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- DZNE, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Research Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Boentert
- Department of Neurology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Yasemin Koc
- Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Kolzarek
- Ambulanzpartner Soziotechnologie APST GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kettemann
- Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Norden
- Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Bernsen
- Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Ambulanzpartner Soziotechnologie APST GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zeynep Elmas
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian Conrad
- Neurology Department, Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Mannheim Center for Translational Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ivan Valkadinov
- Neurology Department, Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Mannheim Center for Translational Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Vidovic
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Dorst
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- DZNE, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Research Site Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- DZNE, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Research Site Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasper Hesebeck-Brinckmann
- Neurology Department, Division for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Mannheim Center for Translational Medicine, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Münch
- Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Ambulanzpartner Soziotechnologie APST GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Maier
- Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Péter Körtvélyessy
- Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Weishaupt JH, Körtvélyessy P, Schumann P, Valkadinov I, Weyen U, Hesebeck-Brinckmann J, Weishaupt K, Endres M, Andersen PM, Regensburger M, Dreger M, Koch JC, Conrad J, Meyer T. Tofersen decreases neurofilament levels supporting the pathogenesis of the SOD1 p.D91A variant in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:150. [PMID: 39054363 PMCID: PMC11272917 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the antisense oligonucleotide tofersen has recently become available for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by mutations in SOD1, determining the causality of the over 230 SOD1 variants has become even more important. The most common SOD1 variant worldwide is p.D91A (c.272A > C), whose causality for ALS is contested when in a heterozygous state. The reason is the high allele frequency of SOD1D91A in Europe, exceeding 1% in Finno-Scandinavia. METHODS We present the clinical disease course and serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) results of treating 11 patients either homo- or heterozygous for the SOD1D91A allele for up to 16 months with tofersen. RESULTS Tofersen decreases serum neurofilament levels (sNFL), which are associated with the ALS progression rate, in the 6 ALS patients homozygous for SOD1D91A. We observe significantly lower sNfL levels in the 5 patients heterozygous for SOD1D91A. The results indicate that both mono- and bi-allelic SOD1D91A are causally relevant targets, with a possibly reduced effect size of SOD1D91Ahet. CONCLUSIONS The finding is relevant for decision making regarding tofersen treatment, patient counseling and inclusion of SOD1D91A patients in drug trials. As far as we are aware, the approach is conceptually new since it provides evidence for the causality of an ALS variant based on a biomarker response to gene-specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen H Weishaupt
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurological University Clinic Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Péter Körtvélyessy
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Research Site Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peggy Schumann
- Ambulanzpartner Soziotechnologie APST GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivan Valkadinov
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurological University Clinic Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ute Weyen
- Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Department of Neurology, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jasper Hesebeck-Brinckmann
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurological University Clinic Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kanchi Weishaupt
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurological University Clinic Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie Dreger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan C Koch
- Clinic for Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julian Conrad
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurological University Clinic Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Center for ALS and other Motor Neuron Disorders, Berlin, Germany.
- Ambulanzpartner Soziotechnologie APST GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Huang M, Liu YU, Yao X, Qin D, Su H. Variability in SOD1-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: geographic patterns, clinical heterogeneity, molecular alterations, and therapeutic implications. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:28. [PMID: 38811997 PMCID: PMC11138100 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons, resulting in global health burden and limited post-diagnosis life expectancy. Although primarily sporadic, familial ALS (fALS) cases suggest a genetic basis. This review focuses on SOD1, the first gene found to be associated with fALS, which has been more recently confirmed by genome sequencing. While informative, databases such as ALSoD and STRENGTH exhibit regional biases. Through a systematic global examination of SOD1 mutations from 1993 to 2023, we found different geographic distributions and clinical presentations. Even though different SOD1 variants are expressed at different protein levels and have different half-lives and dismutase activities, these alterations lead to loss of function that is not consistently correlated with disease severity. Gain of function of toxic aggregates of SOD1 resulting from mutated SOD1 has emerged as one of the key contributors to ALS. Therapeutic interventions specifically targeting toxic gain of function of mutant SOD1, including RNA interference and antibodies, show promise, but a cure remains elusive. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on SOD1-associated ALS and describes molecular features and the complex genetic landscape of SOD1, highlighting its importance in determining diverse clinical manifestations observed in ALS patients and emphasizing the need for personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaodan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yong U Liu
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology in Health and Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510799, China.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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6
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Watanabe S, Amporndanai K, Awais R, Latham C, Awais M, O'Neill PM, Yamanaka K, Hasnain SS. Ebselen analogues delay disease onset and its course in fALS by on-target SOD-1 engagement. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12118. [PMID: 38802492 PMCID: PMC11130262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) selectively affects motor neurons. SOD1 is the first causative gene to be identified for ALS and accounts for at least 20% of the familial (fALS) and up to 4% of sporadic (sALS) cases globally with some geographical variability. The destabilisation of the SOD1 dimer is a key driving force in fALS and sALS. Protein aggregation resulting from the destabilised SOD1 is arrested by the clinical drug ebselen and its analogues (MR6-8-2 and MR6-26-2) by redeeming the stability of the SOD1 dimer. The in vitro target engagement of these compounds is demonstrated using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay with protein-ligand binding directly visualised by co-crystallography in G93A SOD1. MR6-26-2 offers neuroprotection slowing disease onset of SOD1G93A mice by approximately 15 days. It also protected neuromuscular junction from muscle denervation in SOD1G93A mice clearly indicating functional improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Watanabe
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kangsa Amporndanai
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Biochemistry and System Biology, Institute of System, M0polecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Raheela Awais
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Caroline Latham
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of System, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - S Samar Hasnain
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Department of Biochemistry and System Biology, Institute of System, M0polecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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7
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Rubino V, La Rosa G, Pipicelli L, Carriero F, Damiano S, Santillo M, Terrazzano G, Ruggiero G, Mondola P. Insights on the Multifaceted Roles of Wild-Type and Mutated Superoxide Dismutase 1 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1747. [PMID: 37760050 PMCID: PMC10525763 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neurodegenerative disease. Cell damage in ALS is the result of many different, largely unknown, pathogenetic mechanisms. Astrocytes and microglial cells play a critical role also for their ability to enhance a deranged inflammatory response. Excitotoxicity, due to excessive glutamate levels and increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, has also been proposed to play a key role in ALS pathogenesis/progression. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) behave as key second messengers for multiple receptor/ligand interactions. ROS-dependent regulatory networks are usually mediated by peroxides. Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) physiologically mediates intracellular peroxide generation. About 10% of ALS subjects show a familial disease associated with different gain-of-function SOD1 mutations. The occurrence of sporadic ALS, not clearly associated with SOD1 defects, has been also described. SOD1-dependent pathways have been involved in neuron functional network as well as in immune-response regulation. Both, neuron depolarization and antigen-dependent T-cell activation mediate SOD1 exocytosis, inducing increased interaction of the enzyme with a complex molecular network involved in the regulation of neuron functional activity and immune response. Here, alteration of SOD1-dependent pathways mediating increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, altered mitochondria functions and defective inflammatory process regulation have been proposed to be relevant for ALS pathogenesis/progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rubino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuliana La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Luca Pipicelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (F.C.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Mondola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.L.R.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (M.S.)
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8
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Bayraktar E, Çiftçi V, Uysal H, Başak AN. Another de novo mutation in the SOD1 gene: the first Turkish patient with SOD1-His47Arg, a case report. Front Genet 2023; 14:1208673. [PMID: 37693322 PMCID: PMC10485270 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1208673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, progressive neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons. Most ALS cases are considered sporadic due to the presence of a combination of environmental and complex genetic risk factors, while approximately 10% of cases have a family history. Pathogenic variants in the SOD1 gene are the second most frequent causative factor of genetics-based ALS worldwide, after C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. The De novo occurrence of pathogenic mutations in ALS-associated genes and its effect on disease progression have been studied previously, especially in the FUS gene. Recent studies have shown that a very small portion of SOD1 cases occurred de novo. Here, we present the first de novo case of the SOD1 His47Arg mutation in a young female patient with mild symptoms and, currently, a slow progression for 7 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bayraktar
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Vildan Çiftçi
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Hilmi Uysal
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - A. Nazlı Başak
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
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9
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Çakar A, Pekbilir E, Ceylaner S, Durmuş H, Battaloğlu E, Şahin U, Parman Y. A novel homozygous loss-of-function variant in SOD1 causing progressive spastic tetraplegia and axial hypotonia. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023:1-4. [PMID: 36935613 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2189925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
SOD1 is the first identified causative gene for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recently, a novel syndrome, presenting with severe childhood-onset spastic tetraplegia and axial hypotonia caused by the homozygous truncating variants in the SOD1 gene, is described. A 22-month-old boy was admitted with a loss of motor functions that began at the age of 9 months. Neurological was significant for axial hypotonia with spastic tetraplegia and hyperekplexia-like jerky movements. In WES, we found a novel homozygous variant (c.52_56del5ins154) in the SOD1 gene, resulting in a total loss of SOD1 mRNA expression in the real-time PCR analysis. Western blot analyses confirmed the lack of protein production. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase enzymatic activity was nearly abolished. The heterozygous family members displayed reduced superoxide dismutase 1 protein expression and enzymatic activity (by about 40%), compared with the healthy control. Our study expanded the mutation spectrum of SOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Çakar
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Pekbilir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey, and
| | - Serdar Ceylaner
- Medical Genetics, Intergen Genetics Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hacer Durmuş
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Battaloğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey, and
| | - Umut Şahin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey, and
| | - Yeşim Parman
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Chen LX, Xu HF, Lin HX, Yang XX, Li HF, Wu ZY. Pathogenicity classification of SOD1 variants of uncertain significance by in vitro aggregation propensity. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 123:182-190. [PMID: 36376198 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of insoluble SOD1 aggregates in motor neurons is the hallmark of SOD1-associated ALS. Mutant SOD1 protein promotes structural instability that leads to misfolded SOD1 protein aggregates, which can be recapitulated in vitro. Therefore, aggregation propensity in cell lines can be a reliable indicator for the pathogenicity classification of SOD1 variants. Herein, we performed in vitro experiment to classify the pathogenicity of 34 SOD1 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) from 215 variants reported previously. The clinical features of 234 ALS patients with 31 SOD1 likely pathogenic (LP) variants were summarized. 31 VUS variants formed aggregates spontaneously, indicating LP variants. Missense variants were mainly located in the C-terminal of SOD1. Among patients with 31 SOD1 LP variants, 75% of patients had lower limb onset. The onset of familial ALS patients (45.7±14.0 years) is earlier than sporadic ALS patients (50.6±13.1 years). Our results expand the spectrum of SOD1 mutations and highlight the natural history of SOD1-positive ALS patients for further clinical trials in SOD1-related ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Feng Xu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Xia Lin
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xia Yang
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medical Genetics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Forsberg KM, Graffmo KS, Stenvall E, Tabikh N, Marklund SL, Brännström T, Andersen PM. Widespread CNS pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis homozygous for the D90A SOD1 mutation. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:13-28. [PMID: 36385230 PMCID: PMC9807479 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the ubiquitously expressed free radical scavenging enzyme superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) are found in 2-6% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. The most frequent SOD1 mutation worldwide is D90A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by this mutation has some unusual features: the heredity is usually recessive, the phenotype is stereotypic with slowly evolving motor symptoms beginning in the legs and may also include sensory, autonomic, and urinary bladder involvement. Furthermore, the mutant protein resembles the wild type, with normal content and enzymatic activity in the central nervous system. Here, we report neuropathological findings in nine patients homozygous for the D90A mutation. All nine had numerous small granular inclusions immunoreactive for misfolded SOD1 in motor neurons and glial nuclei in the spinal cord and brainstem. In addition to degeneration of the corticospinal tracts, all patients had degeneration of the dorsal columns. We also found intense gliosis in circumscribed cortical areas of the frontal and temporal lobes and in the insula. In these areas and in adjacent white matter, there were SOD1 staining neuropil threads. A few SOD1-immunopositive cytoplasmic neuronal inclusions were observed in cortical areas, as were glial nuclear inclusions. As suggested by the symptoms and signs and earlier neurophysiological and imaging investigations, the histopathology in patients homozygous for the D90A SOD1 extends beyond the motor system to include cognitive and sensory cortical areas. However, even in the patients that had a symptomatic disease duration of more than 2 or 3 decades and lived into their 70s or 80s, there were no SOD1-inclusion pathology and no typical dysfunction (apart from the musculature) in non-nervous organs. Thus, only specific parts of the CNS seem to be vulnerable to toxicity provoked by homozygously expressed mutant SOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Forsberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin S Graffmo
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erica Stenvall
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Naima Tabikh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan L Marklund
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Brännström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
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12
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Genotype-phenotype correlation in Tunisian patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 120:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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SOD1 D91A variant in the southernmost tip of Europe: a heterozygous ALS patient resident on the island of Gozo. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:856-859. [PMID: 34616013 PMCID: PMC9259738 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is frequently caused by mutations in the SOD1 gene. Here, we report the first SOD1 variant in Malta, an archipelago of three inhabited islands in southern Europe. We describe a patient with a sporadic form of ALS living on the island of Gozo in which the heterozygous SOD1 c.272A>C; p.(Asp91Ala) variant was detected. The patient had a late onset (79 years), sensory impairments and rapid disease progression culminating in respiratory failure. ALS has not yet developed in any of the three additional family members in which the D91A variant was identified. None of the healthy controls from the Maltese population were found to carry this variant. This report underscores the high prevalence of the D91A variant in Europe, despite the presence of a North-South gradient in its frequency, and confirms that this variant can be associated with dominant cases in Mediterranean countries.
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14
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron disease for which there is currently no robust therapy. Recent progress in understanding ALS disease mechanisms and genetics in combination with innovations in gene modulation strategies creates promising new options for the development of ALS therapies. In recent years, six gene modulation therapies have been tested in ALS patients. These target gain-of-function pathology of the most common ALS genes, SOD1, C9ORF72, FUS, and ATXN2, using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated microRNAs and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). Here, we review the latest clinical and preclinical advances in gene modulation approaches for ALS, including gene silencing, gene correction, and gene augmentation. These techniques have the potential to positively impact the direction of future research trials and transform ALS treatments for this grave disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina E Meijboom
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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15
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Günther R, Pal A, Williams C, Zimyanin VL, Liehr M, von Neubeck C, Krause M, Parab MG, Petri S, Kalmbach N, Marklund SL, Sterneckert J, Munch Andersen P, Wegner F, Gilthorpe JD, Hermann A. Alteration of Mitochondrial Integrity as Upstream Event in the Pathophysiology of SOD1-ALS. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071246. [PMID: 35406813 PMCID: PMC8997900 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the early pathogenic events by which mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This lack of mechanistic understanding is a major barrier to the development and evaluation of efficient therapies. Although protein aggregation is known to be involved, it is not understood how mutant SOD1 causes degeneration of motoneurons (MNs). Previous research has relied heavily on the overexpression of mutant SOD1, but the clinical relevance of SOD1 overexpression models remains questionable. We used a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model of spinal MNs and three different endogenous ALS-associated SOD1 mutations (D90Ahom, R115Ghet or A4Vhet) to investigate early cellular disturbances in MNs. Although enhanced misfolding and aggregation of SOD1 was induced by proteasome inhibition, it was not affected by activation of the stress granule pathway. Interestingly, we identified loss of mitochondrial, but not lysosomal, integrity as the earliest common pathological phenotype, which preceded elevated levels of insoluble, aggregated SOD1. A super-elongated mitochondrial morphology with impaired inner mitochondrial membrane potential was a unifying feature in mutant SOD1 iPSC-derived MNs. Impaired mitochondrial integrity was most prominent in mutant D90Ahom MNs, whereas both soluble disordered and detergent-resistant misfolded SOD1 was more prominent in R115Ghet and A4Vhet mutant lines. Taking advantage of patient-specific models of SOD1-ALS in vitro, our data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the first crucial steps in the pathogenic cascade that leads to SOD1-ALS and also highlights the need for individualized medical approaches for SOD1-ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Günther
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.G.); (A.P.); (V.L.Z.); (M.L.); (M.G.P.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arun Pal
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.G.); (A.P.); (V.L.Z.); (M.L.); (M.G.P.)
- Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory (HLD), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chloe Williams
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; (C.W.); (J.D.G.)
| | - Vitaly L. Zimyanin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.G.); (A.P.); (V.L.Z.); (M.L.); (M.G.P.)
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Maria Liehr
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.G.); (A.P.); (V.L.Z.); (M.L.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Cläre von Neubeck
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69192 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.v.N.); (M.K.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Clinic for Particle Therapy, West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE) gGmbH, University Medical Centre of Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69192 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.v.N.); (M.K.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mrudula G. Parab
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (R.G.); (A.P.); (V.L.Z.); (M.L.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.P.); (N.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Norman Kalmbach
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.P.); (N.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Stefan L. Marklund
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Jared Sterneckert
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | | | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.P.); (N.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Jonathan D. Gilthorpe
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; (C.W.); (J.D.G.)
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section, “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-381-4949541
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Müller K, Oh KW, Nordin A, Panthi S, Kim SH, Nordin F, Freischmidt A, Ludolph AC, Ki CS, Forsberg K, Weishaupt J, Kim YE, Andersen PM. De novo mutations in SOD1 are a cause of ALS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:201-206. [PMID: 34518333 PMCID: PMC8784989 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-327520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The only identified cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are mutations in a number of genes found in familial cases but also in sporadic cases. De novo mutations occurring in a parental gonadal cell, in the zygote or postzygotic during embryonal development can result in an apparently sporadic/isolated case of ALS later in life. We searched for de novo mutations in SOD1 as a cause of ALS. METHODS We analysed peripheral-blood exome, genome and Sanger sequencing to identify deleterious mutations in SOD1 in 4000 ALS patients from Germany, South Korea and Sweden. Parental kinship was confirmed using highly polymorphic microsatellite markers across the genome. Medical genealogical and clinical data were reviewed and compared with the literature. RESULTS We identified four sporadic ALS cases with de novo mutations in SOD1. They aggregate in hot-spot codons earlier found mutated in familial cases. Their phenotypes match closely what has earlier been reported in familial cases with pathogenic mutations in SOD1. We also encountered familial cases where de novo mutational events in recent generations may have been involved. CONCLUSIONS De novo mutations are a cause of sporadic ALS and may also be underpinning smaller families with few affected ALS cases. It was not possible to ascertain if the origin of the de novo mutations was parental germline, zygotic or postzygotic during embryonal development. All ALS patients should be offered genetic counselling and genetic screening, the challenges of variant interpretation do not outweigh the potential benefits including earlier confirmed diagnosis and possible bespoken therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ki-Wook Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cell Therapy Center, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Angelica Nordin
- Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sudhan Panthi
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cell Therapy Center, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Frida Nordin
- Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Chang Seok Ki
- Genome Research Centre, GC Genome, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Karin Forsberg
- Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jochen Weishaupt
- Department for Neurodegeneration, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Jablonka S, Hennlein L, Sendtner M. Therapy development for spinal muscular atrophy: perspectives for muscular dystrophies and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurol Res Pract 2022; 4:2. [PMID: 34983696 PMCID: PMC8725368 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-021-00162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major efforts have been made in the last decade to develop and improve therapies for proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The introduction of Nusinersen/Spinraza™ as an antisense oligonucleotide therapy, Onasemnogene abeparvovec/Zolgensma™ as an AAV9-based gene therapy and Risdiplam/Evrysdi™ as a small molecule modifier of pre-mRNA splicing have set new standards for interference with neurodegeneration. MAIN BODY Therapies for SMA are designed to interfere with the cellular basis of the disease by modifying pre-mRNA splicing and enhancing expression of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein, which is only expressed at low levels in this disorder. The corresponding strategies also can be applied to other disease mechanisms caused by loss of function or toxic gain of function mutations. The development of therapies for SMA was based on the use of cell culture systems and mouse models, as well as innovative clinical trials that included readouts that had originally been introduced and optimized in preclinical studies. This is summarized in the first part of this review. The second part discusses current developments and perspectives for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, muscular dystrophies, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, as well as the obstacles that need to be overcome to introduce RNA-based therapies and gene therapies for these disorders. CONCLUSION RNA-based therapies offer chances for therapy development of complex neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, muscular dystrophies, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The experiences made with these new drugs for SMA, and also the experiences in AAV gene therapies could help to broaden the spectrum of current approaches to interfere with pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Jablonka
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Luisa Hennlein
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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18
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Gagliardi D, Ahmadinejad M, Del Bo R, Meneri M, Comi GP, Corti S, Ronchi D. Homozygous SOD1 Variation L144S Produces a Severe Form of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in an Iranian Family. Neurol Genet 2021; 8:e645. [PMID: 34926808 PMCID: PMC8678909 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of motor neurons determining progressive muscular atrophy, weakness, and death from respiratory failure. Methods Here, we report clinical and molecular findings of a novel Iranian family affected with a severe form of early-onset familial ALS. Results Three siblings born to consanguineous parents developed a form of ALS characterized by early-onset lower limb involvement and a fast progression, proving fatal at age 16 years for 1 of them. Molecular analysis of the SOD1 gene revealed the homozygous substitution c.434T>C in exon 5 resulting in the amino acid change p.Leu144Ser (L144S), previously reported as a dominant variant. Both parents were heterozygous carriers. The probands' mother recently developed a late-onset ALS with predominant upper motor neuron involvement. Discussion This report adds p.L144S to the short list of homozygous SOD1 variants and suggests that the development of an earlier-onset and/or faster disease progression can occur when 2 mutated alleles are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Gagliardi
- Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT) (D.G., R.D.B., G.P.C.,S.C., D.R.), University of Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit (D.G., M.M., S.C., D.R.), Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Blood Transfusion Research Center (M.A.), High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience (G.P.C.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Minoo Ahmadinejad
- Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT) (D.G., R.D.B., G.P.C.,S.C., D.R.), University of Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit (D.G., M.M., S.C., D.R.), Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Blood Transfusion Research Center (M.A.), High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience (G.P.C.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Del Bo
- Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT) (D.G., R.D.B., G.P.C.,S.C., D.R.), University of Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit (D.G., M.M., S.C., D.R.), Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Blood Transfusion Research Center (M.A.), High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience (G.P.C.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Megi Meneri
- Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT) (D.G., R.D.B., G.P.C.,S.C., D.R.), University of Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit (D.G., M.M., S.C., D.R.), Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Blood Transfusion Research Center (M.A.), High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience (G.P.C.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT) (D.G., R.D.B., G.P.C.,S.C., D.R.), University of Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit (D.G., M.M., S.C., D.R.), Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Blood Transfusion Research Center (M.A.), High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience (G.P.C.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT) (D.G., R.D.B., G.P.C.,S.C., D.R.), University of Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit (D.G., M.M., S.C., D.R.), Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Blood Transfusion Research Center (M.A.), High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience (G.P.C.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Ronchi
- Neuroscience Section, Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT) (D.G., R.D.B., G.P.C.,S.C., D.R.), University of Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit (D.G., M.M., S.C., D.R.), Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Blood Transfusion Research Center (M.A.), High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience (G.P.C.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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19
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Gentile G, Perrone B, Morello G, Simone IL, Andò S, Cavallaro S, Conforti FL. Individual Oligogenic Background in p.D91A- SOD1 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121843. [PMID: 34946792 PMCID: PMC8701978 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The p.D91A is one of the most common ALS-causing SOD1 mutations and is known to be either recessive or dominant. The homozygous phenotype is characterized by prolonged survival and slow progression of disease, whereas the affected heterozygous phenotypes can vary. To date, no genetic protective factors located close to SOD1 have been associated with the mild progressive homozygous phenotype. Using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), we characterized a small cohort of sporadic and familial p.D91A-SOD1 heterozygous (n = 2) or homozygous (n = 5) ALS patients, to reveal any additional contributing variant in 39 ALS-related genes. We detected unique sets of non-synonymous variants, four of which were of uncertain significance and several in untranslated regions of ALS-related genes. Our results supported an individual oligogenic background underlying both sporadic and familial p.D91A cases irrespective of their p.D91A mutant alleles. We suggest that a comprehensive genomic view of p.D91A-SOD1 ALS patients may be useful in identifying emerging variants and improving disease diagnosis as well as guiding precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gentile
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (G.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Benedetta Perrone
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (B.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (G.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Isabella Laura Simone
- Neurology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (B.P.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.G.); (G.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (B.P.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Ezer S, Daana M, Park JH, Yanovsky-Dagan S, Nordström U, Basal A, Edvardson S, Saada A, Otto M, Meiner V, Marklund SL, Andersen PM, Harel T. Infantile SOD1 deficiency syndrome caused by a homozygous SOD1 variant with absence of enzyme activity. Brain 2021; 145:872-878. [PMID: 34788402 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in SOD1, encoding superoxide dismutase 1, are responsible for about 20% of all familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases, through a gain-of-function mechanism. Recently, two reports showed that a specific homozygous SOD1 loss-of-function variant is associated with an infantile progressive motor-neurological syndrome. Exome sequencing followed by molecular studies, including cDNA analysis, SOD1 protein levels and enzymatic activity, and plasma neurofilament light chain levels, were undertaken in an infant with severe global developmental delay, axial hypotonia and limb spasticity. We identified a homozygous 3-bp in-frame deletion in SOD1. cDNA analysis predicted the loss of a single valine residue from a tandem pair (p.Val119/Val120) in the wild-type protein, yet expression levels and splicing were preserved. Analysis of SOD1 activity and protein levels in erythrocyte lysates showed essentially no enzymatic activity and undetectable SOD1 protein in the child, whereas the parents had ∼50% protein expression and activity relative to controls. Neurofilament light chain levels in plasma were elevated, implying ongoing axonal injury and neurodegeneration. Thus, we provide confirmatory evidence of a second biallelic variant in an infant with a severe neurological syndrome and suggest that the in-frame deletion causes instability and subsequent degeneration of SOD1. We highlight the importance of the valine residues at positions V119-120, and suggest possible implications for future therapeutics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Ezer
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001
| | - Muhannad Daana
- Child Development Centers, Clalit Health Care Services, Jerusalem District, Israel
| | - Julien H Park
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of General Pediatrics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Shira Yanovsky-Dagan
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001
| | - Ulrika Nordström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Adily Basal
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001
| | - Simon Edvardson
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001
| | - Ann Saada
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Clinic, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001
| | - Stefan L Marklund
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Munch Andersen
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 9112001
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21
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Muratet F, Teyssou E, Chiot A, Boillée S, Lobsiger CS, Bohl D, Gyorgy B, Guegan J, Marie Y, Amador MDM, Salachas F, Meininger V, Bernard E, Antoine JC, Camdessanché JP, Camu W, Cazeneuve C, Fauret-Amsellem AL, Leguern E, Mouzat K, Guissart C, Lumbroso S, Corcia P, Vourc'h P, Grapperon AM, Attarian S, Verschueren A, Seilhean D, Millecamps S. Impact of a frequent nearsplice SOD1 variant in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: optimising SOD1 genetic screening for gene therapy opportunities. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021; 92:942-949. [PMID: 33785574 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-325921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1), encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase protein, are the second most frequent high penetrant genetic cause for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) motor neuron disease in populations of European descent. More than 200 missense variants are reported along the SOD1 protein. To limit the production of these aberrant and deleterious SOD1 species, antisense oligonucleotide approaches have recently emerged and showed promising effects in clinical trials. To offer the possibility to any patient with SOD1-ALS to benefit of such a gene therapy, it is necessary to ascertain whether any variant of unknown significance (VUS), detected for example in SOD1 non-coding sequences, is pathogenic. METHODS We analysed SOD1 mutation distribution after SOD1 sequencing in a large cohort of 470 French familial ALS (fALS) index cases. RESULTS We identified a total of 27 SOD1 variants in 38 families including two SOD1 variants located in nearsplice or intronic regions of the gene. The pathogenicity of the c.358-10T>G nearsplice SOD1 variant was corroborated based on its high frequency (as the second most frequent SOD1 variant) in French fALS, the segregation analysis confirmed in eight affected members of a large pedigree, the typical SOD1-related phenotype observed (with lower limb onset and prominent lower motor neuron involvement), and findings on postmortem tissues showing SOD1 misaccumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlighted nearsplice/intronic mutations in SOD1 are responsible for a significant portion of French fALS and suggested the systematic analysis of the SOD1 mRNA sequence could become the method of choice for SOD1 screening, not to miss these specific cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Muratet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Elisa Teyssou
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Aude Chiot
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Séverine Boillée
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Delphine Bohl
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Beata Gyorgy
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Justine Guegan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Yannick Marie
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Maria Del Mar Amador
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France.,AP-HP, Département de Neurologie, Centre de référence SLA Ile de France, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Francois Salachas
- AP-HP, Département de Neurologie, Centre de référence SLA Ile de France, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
| | - Vincent Meininger
- Hôpital des Peupliers, Ramsay General Health Group, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Centre de référence SLA, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Bron, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Antoine
- Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressource et de Compétence SLA, Hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Camdessanché
- Service de Neurologie, Centre de Ressource et de Compétence SLA, Hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - William Camu
- Centre de référence SLA, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Cécile Cazeneuve
- Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Unité Fonctionnelle de neurogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fauret-Amsellem
- Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Unité Fonctionnelle de neurogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Eric Leguern
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France.,Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Unité Fonctionnelle de neurogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Kevin Mouzat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHU Nimes, Nîmes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France.,Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Claire Guissart
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHU Nimes, Nîmes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France.,Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Serge Lumbroso
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire, CHU Nimes, Nîmes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France.,Motoneuron Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapy, INM, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Centre de référence SLA, Département de Neurologie, CHRU Tours, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France.,UMR 1253, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- UMR 1253, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France.,Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Tours, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France
| | - Aude-Marie Grapperon
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaire et la SLA, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaire et la SLA, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
| | - Annie Verschueren
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaire et la SLA, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU de Marseille, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
| | - Danielle Seilhean
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France.,Département de Neuropathologie, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Stéphanie Millecamps
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM,Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, Île de France, France
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22
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Giguet-Valard AG, Bellance R, Jeannin S, Duclos S, Olive P, Allard-Saint-Albin O, Cazeneuve C, Clot F, Sophie PV, Barnetche T, Smith-Ravin J, Goizet C. SOD1-related ALS with anticipation in a large family from Martinique. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2021; 22:545-551. [PMID: 33754899 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1900870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurological disorder that causes degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons and their axons. ALS is mostly sporadic, but there are familial forms. In more than half of the familial forms, a pathogenic variant is found in one of the following genes: C9ORF72, SOD1, TDP-43, FUS, and VCP. SOD1 is the 2nd most common gene involved in genetic forms of ALS. Genotype-phenotype relationships are occasionally established in genetic forms of ALS associated with SOD1 mutations pathogenic variants. The c.281G > T (p.[G93V]) variant in SOD1 is associated with a rarely described and unexplained anticipation phenomenon. We report a large family from Martinique in whom ALS is associated with a c.281G > T (p.[G93V]) pathogenic variant in SOD1 and a statistically suggested anticipation. A whole-exome study and detection of CNVs (CoDESeq) from 3 affected members of this family revealed the presence of variants of uncertain signification (VUS) in other ALS genes. VUS in DCTN1 and NEFH were present in patients of the 2nd generation, and CNVs involving UBQLN2 and C21orf2 were found in the youngest case of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Gaelle Giguet-Valard
- Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare disorders department, CERCA, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Rémi Bellance
- Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare disorders department, CERCA, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Séverine Jeannin
- Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare disorders department, CERCA, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Sophie Duclos
- Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare disorders department, CERCA, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Pascale Olive
- Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare disorders department, CERCA, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Oriane Allard-Saint-Albin
- Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare disorders department, CERCA, University Hospital Center of Martinique, Martinique, France
| | - Cécile Cazeneuve
- University Hospital Center of Paris, La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Clot
- University Hospital Center of Paris, La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Thomas Barnetche
- Rheumatology Department/FHU ACRONIM/Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Reference Center, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Juliette Smith-Ravin
- Research group BIOSPHERES/AREBIO, University of Antilles-Campus Schoelcher, Martinique, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases 'Neurogenetic', Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France and.,Rare Diseases Laboratory: Genetics and Metabolism (MRGM), INSERM U1211, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
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Kim G, Gautier O, Tassoni-Tsuchida E, Ma XR, Gitler AD. ALS Genetics: Gains, Losses, and Implications for Future Therapies. Neuron 2020; 108:822-842. [PMID: 32931756 PMCID: PMC7736125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of motor neurons from the brain and spinal cord. The ALS community has made remarkable strides over three decades by identifying novel familial mutations, generating animal models, elucidating molecular mechanisms, and ultimately developing promising new therapeutic approaches. Some of these approaches reduce the expression of mutant genes and are in human clinical trials, highlighting the need to carefully consider the normal functions of these genes and potential contribution of gene loss-of-function to ALS. Here, we highlight known loss-of-function mechanisms underlying ALS, potential consequences of lowering levels of gene products, and the need to consider both gain and loss of function to develop safe and effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Kim
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olivia Gautier
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eduardo Tassoni-Tsuchida
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - X Rosa Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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24
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Lowry JL, Ryan ÉB, Esengul YT, Siddique N, Siddique T. Intricacies of aetiology in intrafamilial degenerative disease. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa120. [PMID: 33134917 PMCID: PMC7585693 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic underpinnings of late-onset degenerative disease have typically been determined by screening families for the segregation of genetic variants with the disease trait in affected, but not unaffected, individuals. However, instances of intrafamilial etiological heterogeneity, where pathogenic variants in a culprit gene are not shared among all affected family members, continue to emerge and confound gene-discovery and genetic counselling efforts. Discordant intrafamilial cases lacking a mutation shared by other affected family members are described as disease phenocopies. This description often results in an over-simplified acceptance of an environmental cause of disease in the phenocopy cases, while the role of intrafamilial genetic heterogeneity, shared de novo mutations or epigenetic aberrations in such families is often ignored. On a related note, it is now evident that the same disease-associated variant can be present in individuals exhibiting clinically distinct phenotypes, thereby genetically uniting seemingly unrelated syndromes to form a spectrum of disease. Herein, we discuss the intricacies of determining complex degenerative disease aetiology and suggest alternative mechanisms of disease transmission that may account for the apparent missing heritability of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Lowry
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Éanna B Ryan
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Y Taylan Esengul
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nailah Siddique
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Teepu Siddique
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Clinical and Molecular Landscape of ALS Patients with SOD1 Mutations: Novel Pathogenic Variants and Novel Phenotypes. A Single ALS Center Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186807. [PMID: 32948071 PMCID: PMC7554847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the copper zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene are the second most frequent cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Nearly 200 mutations of this gene have been described so far. We report all SOD1 pathogenic variants identified in patients followed in the single ALS center of Lyon, France, between 2010 and 2020. Twelve patients from 11 unrelated families are described, including two families with the not yet described H81Y and D126N mutations. Splice site mutations were detected in two families. We discuss implications concerning genetic screening of SOD1 gene in familial and sporadic ALS.
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Ungaro C, Sprovieri T, Morello G, Perrone B, Spampinato AG, Simone IL, Trojsi F, Monsurrò MR, Spataro R, La Bella V, Andò S, Cavallaro S, Conforti FL. Genetic investigation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients in south Italy: a two-decade analysis. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 99:99.e7-99.e14. [PMID: 32951934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial disease characterized by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. In the majority of cases, ALS is sporadic, whereas familial forms occur in less than 10% of patients. Herein, we present the results of molecular analyses performed in a large cohort of Italian ALS patients, focusing on novel and already described variations in ALS-linked genes. Our analysis revealed that more than 10% of tested patients carried a mutation in one of the major ALS genes, with C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion being the most common mutation. In addition, our study confirmed a significant association between ALS patients carrying the ATNX-1 intermediate repeat and the pathological C9orf72 expansion, supporting the involvement of this risk factor in neuronal degeneration. Overall, our study broadens the known mutational spectrum in ALS and provides new insights for a more accurate view of the genetic pattern of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Ungaro
- Department of Earth and Environment, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution (IIA), National Research Council (CNR), Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Teresa Sprovieri
- Department of Earth and Environment, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution (IIA), National Research Council (CNR), Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giovanna Morello
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Benedetta Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Antonio Gianmaria Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Isabella Laura Simone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Monsurrò
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo La Bella
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, ALS Clinical Research Center and Laboratory of Neurochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, Università della Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute for Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy.
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27
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Miller T, Cudkowicz M, Shaw PJ, Andersen PM, Atassi N, Bucelli RC, Genge A, Glass J, Ladha S, Ludolph AL, Maragakis NJ, McDermott CJ, Pestronk A, Ravits J, Salachas F, Trudell R, Van Damme P, Zinman L, Bennett CF, Lane R, Sandrock A, Runz H, Graham D, Houshyar H, McCampbell A, Nestorov I, Chang I, McNeill M, Fanning L, Fradette S, Ferguson TA. Phase 1-2 Trial of Antisense Oligonucleotide Tofersen for SOD1 ALS. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:109-119. [PMID: 32640130 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2003715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofersen is an antisense oligonucleotide that mediates the degradation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) messenger RNA to reduce SOD1 protein synthesis. Intrathecal administration of tofersen is being studied for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) due to SOD1 mutations. METHODS We conducted a phase 1-2 ascending-dose trial evaluating tofersen in adults with ALS due to SOD1 mutations. In each dose cohort (20, 40, 60, or 100 mg), participants were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive five doses of tofersen or placebo, administered intrathecally for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were safety and pharmacokinetics. The secondary outcome was the change from baseline in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) SOD1 concentration at day 85. Clinical function and vital capacity were measured. RESULTS A total of 50 participants underwent randomization and were included in the analyses; 48 participants received all five planned doses. Lumbar puncture-related adverse events were observed in most participants. Elevations in CSF white-cell count and protein were reported as adverse events in 4 and 5 participants, respectively, who received tofersen. Among participants who received tofersen, one died from pulmonary embolus on day 137, and one from respiratory failure on day 152; one participant in the placebo group died from respiratory failure on day 52. The difference at day 85 in the change from baseline in the CSF SOD1 concentration between the tofersen groups and the placebo group was 2 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], -18 to 27) for the 20-mg dose, -25 percentage points (95% CI, -40 to -5) for the 40-mg dose, -19 percentage points (95% CI, -35 to 2) for the 60-mg dose, and -33 percentage points (95% CI, -47 to -16) for the 100-mg dose. CONCLUSIONS In adults with ALS due to SOD1 mutations, CSF SOD1 concentrations decreased at the highest concentration of tofersen administered intrathecally over a period of 12 weeks. CSF pleocytosis occurred in some participants receiving tofersen. Lumbar puncture-related adverse events were observed in most participants. (Funded by Biogen; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02623699; EudraCT number, 2015-004098-33.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Miller
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Peter M Andersen
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Nazem Atassi
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Robert C Bucelli
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Angela Genge
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Jonathan Glass
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Shafeeq Ladha
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Albert L Ludolph
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Nicholas J Maragakis
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Christopher J McDermott
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Alan Pestronk
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - John Ravits
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - François Salachas
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Randall Trudell
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Philip Van Damme
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Lorne Zinman
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - C Frank Bennett
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Roger Lane
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Alfred Sandrock
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Heiko Runz
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Danielle Graham
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Hani Houshyar
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Alexander McCampbell
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Ivan Nestorov
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Ih Chang
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Manjit McNeill
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Laura Fanning
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Stephanie Fradette
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
| | - Toby A Ferguson
- From the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (T.M., R.C.B., A.P.); the Healey Center for ALS, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.C., N.A.), and Biogen, Cambridge (A.S., H.R., D.G., H.H., A.M., I.N., I.C., L.F., S.F., T.A.F.) - both in Massachusetts; the Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre and Clinical Research Facility, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield (P.J.S., C.J.M.), and Biogen, Maidenhead (M.M.) - both in the United Kingdom; the Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden (P.M.A.); Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal (A.G.), and Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L.Z.); Emory University, Atlanta (J.G.); Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (S.L.); the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (A.L.L.); Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (N.J.M.); the University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (C.F.B., R.L.) - both in California; Paris ALS Centre, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris (F.S.); the University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville (R.T.); and KU Leuven, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.D.)
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28
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Mueller C, Berry JD, McKenna-Yasek DM, Gernoux G, Owegi MA, Pothier LM, Douthwright CL, Gelevski D, Luppino SD, Blackwood M, Wightman NS, Oakley DH, Frosch MP, Flotte TR, Cudkowicz ME, Brown RH. SOD1 Suppression with Adeno-Associated Virus and MicroRNA in Familial ALS. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:151-158. [PMID: 32640133 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2005056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and mutations in the gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were treated with a single intrathecal infusion of adeno-associated virus encoding a microRNA targeting SOD1. In Patient 1, SOD1 levels in spinal cord tissue as analyzed on autopsy were lower than corresponding levels in untreated patients with SOD1-mediated ALS and in healthy controls. Levels of SOD1 in cerebrospinal fluid were transiently and only slightly lower in Patient 1 but were not affected in Patient 2. In Patient 1, meningoradiculitis developed after the infusion; Patient 2 was pretreated with immunosuppressive drugs and did not have this complication. Patient 1 had transient improvement in the strength of his right leg, a measure that had been relatively stable throughout his disease course, but there was no change in his vital capacity. Patient 2 had stable scores on a composite measure of ALS function and a stable vital capacity during a 12-month period. This study showed that intrathecal microRNA can be used as a potential treatment for SOD1-mediated ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mueller
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - James D Berry
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Diane M McKenna-Yasek
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Gwladys Gernoux
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Margaret A Owegi
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Lindsay M Pothier
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Catherine L Douthwright
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Dario Gelevski
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Sarah D Luppino
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Meghan Blackwood
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Nicholas S Wightman
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Derek H Oakley
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Terrence R Flotte
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Merit E Cudkowicz
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Robert H Brown
- From the Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) (C.M., G.G., M.B., T.R.F.), and the Department of Neurology, UMMS and UMass Memorial Medical Center (D.M.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.L.D., N.S.W., R.H.B.), Worcester, and the Healey Center for ALS, Department of Neurology (J.D.B., L.M.P., D.G., S.D.L., M.P.F., M.E.C.), and the C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (D.H.O., M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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29
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Tunca C, Şeker T, Akçimen F, Coşkun C, Bayraktar E, Palvadeau R, Zor S, Koçoğlu C, Kartal E, Şen NE, Hamzeiy H, Özoğuz Erimiş A, Norman U, Karakahya O, Olgun G, Akgün T, Durmuş H, Şahin E, Çakar A, Başar Gürsoy E, Babacan Yıldız G, İşak B, Uluç K, Hanağası H, Bilgiç B, Turgut N, Aysal F, Ertaş M, Boz C, Kotan D, İdrisoğlu H, Soysal A, Uzun Adatepe N, Akalın MA, Koç F, Tan E, Oflazer P, Deymeer F, Taştan Ö, Çiçek AE, Kavak E, Parman Y, Başak AN. Revisiting the complex architecture of ALS in Turkey: Expanding genotypes, shared phenotypes, molecular networks, and a public variant database. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:e7-e45. [PMID: 32579787 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has proven that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and that the genetic component in sporadic cases might be stronger than expected. This study investigates 1,200 patients to revisit ALS in the ethnically heterogeneous yet inbred Turkish population. Familial ALS (fALS) accounts for 20% of our cases. The rates of consanguinity are 30% in fALS and 23% in sporadic ALS (sALS). Major ALS genes explained the disease cause in only 35% of fALS, as compared with ~70% in Europe and North America. Whole exome sequencing resulted in a discovery rate of 42% (53/127). Whole genome analyses in 623 sALS cases and 142 population controls, sequenced within Project MinE, revealed well-established fALS gene variants, solidifying the concept of incomplete penetrance in ALS. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with whole genome sequencing data did not indicate a new risk locus. Coupling GWAS with a coexpression network of disease-associated candidates, points to a significant enrichment for cell cycle- and division-related genes. Within this network, literature text-mining highlights DECR1, ATL1, HDAC2, GEMIN4, and HNRNPA3 as important genes. Finally, information on ALS-related gene variants in the Turkish cohort sequenced within Project MinE was compiled in the GeNDAL variant browser (www.gendal.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Tunca
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Şeker
- Genomize Inc., Boğaziçi University Technology Development Region, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fulya Akçimen
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemre Coşkun
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Bayraktar
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Robin Palvadeau
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyit Zor
- Genomize Inc., Boğaziçi University Technology Development Region, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemile Koçoğlu
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Kartal
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesli Ece Şen
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamid Hamzeiy
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Özoğuz Erimiş
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utku Norman
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Karakahya
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülden Olgun
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tahsin Akgün
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, American Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hacer Durmuş
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdi Şahin
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arman Çakar
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Başar Gürsoy
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülsen Babacan Yıldız
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barış İşak
- Department of Neurology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kayıhan Uluç
- Department of Neurology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haşmet Hanağası
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Başar Bilgiç
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilda Turgut
- Department of Neurology, Namık Kemal University School of Medicine, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Fikret Aysal
- Department of Neurology, Medipol University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ertaş
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cavit Boz
- Department of Neurology, Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Dilcan Kotan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Halil İdrisoğlu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Soysal
- Department of Neurology, Bakırköy Research and Training Hospital for Neurologic and Psychiatric Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurten Uzun Adatepe
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Akalın
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Koç
- Department of Neurology, Çukurova University Medical School, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ersin Tan
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Piraye Oflazer
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feza Deymeer
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Öznur Taştan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sabancı University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ercüment Çiçek
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Erşen Kavak
- Genomize Inc., Boğaziçi University Technology Development Region, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Parman
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Nazlı Başak
- Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory (NDAL), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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30
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Perri ER, Parakh S, Vidal M, Mehta P, Ma Y, Walker AK, Atkin JD. The Cysteine (Cys) Residues Cys-6 and Cys-111 in Mutant Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) A4V Are Required for Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1357-1368. [PMID: 32445072 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons. Between 12 and 20% of inherited cases and approximately 1-2% of all cases are caused by mutations in the gene encoding dismutase 1 (SOD1). Mutant SOD1 A4V (alanine to valine) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is increasingly implicated as a pathway to motor neuron degeneration and death in ALS. However, it remains unclear how ER stress is induced by mutant SOD1 A4V. Previous studies have established that it is induced early in pathophysiology and it precedes the formation of mutant SOD1 inclusions. SOD1 contains four cysteine residues, two of which form an intra-subunit disulphide bond involving Cys-57 and Cys-146. The remaining two cysteines, Cys-6 and Cys-111, remain unpaired and have been implicated in mutant SOD1 aggregation. In this study, we examined the relationship between the SOD1 A4V cysteine residues and aggregation, ER stress induction and toxicity. We report here that mutation of Cys-6 and Cys-111 in mutant SOD1 A4V, but not Cys-57 or Cys-146, ameliorates ER stress, inclusion formation and apoptosis in neuronal cell lines. These results imply that protein misfolding, induced by Cys-6 and Cys-111, is required for these pathological events in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Perri
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sonam Parakh
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Prachi Mehta
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam K Walker
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia. .,Department of General Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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31
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A Study of Gene Expression Changes in Human Spinal and Oculomotor Neurons; Identifying Potential Links to Sporadic ALS. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040448. [PMID: 32325953 PMCID: PMC7230244 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes compromised function of motor neurons and neuronal death. However, oculomotor neurons are largely spared from disease symptoms. The underlying causes for sporadic ALS as well as for the resistance of oculomotor neurons to disease symptoms remain poorly understood. In this bioinformatic-analysis, we compared the gene expression profiles of spinal and oculomotor tissue samples from control individuals and sporadic ALS patients. We show that the genes GAD2 and GABRE (involved in GABA signaling), and CALB1 (involved in intracellular Ca2+ ion buffering) are downregulated in the spinal tissues of ALS patients, but their endogenous levels are higher in oculomotor tissues relative to the spinal tissues. Our results suggest that the downregulation of these genes and processes in spinal tissues are related to sporadic ALS disease progression and their upregulation in oculomotor neurons confer upon them resistance to ALS symptoms. These results build upon prevailing models of excitotoxicity that are relevant to sporadic ALS disease progression and point out unique opportunities for better understanding the progression of neurodegenerative properties associated with sporadic ALS.
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32
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Abstract
Few proteins have come under such intense scrutiny as superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1). For almost a century, scientists have dissected its form, function and then later its malfunction in the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We now know SOD1 is a zinc and copper metalloenzyme that clears superoxide as part of our antioxidant defence and respiratory regulation systems. The possibility of reduced structural integrity was suggested by the first crystal structures of human SOD1 even before deleterious mutations in the sod1 gene were linked to the ALS. This concept evolved in the intervening years as an impressive array of biophysical studies examined the characteristics of mutant SOD1 in great detail. We now recognise how ALS-related mutations perturb the SOD1 maturation processes, reduce its ability to fold and reduce its thermal stability and half-life. Mutant SOD1 is therefore predisposed to monomerisation, non-canonical self-interactions, the formation of small misfolded oligomers and ultimately accumulation in the tell-tale insoluble inclusions found within the neurons of ALS patients. We have also seen that several post-translational modifications could push wild-type SOD1 down this toxic pathway. Recently we have come to view ALS as a prion-like disease where both the symptoms, and indeed SOD1 misfolding itself, are transmitted to neighbouring cells. This raises the possibility of intervention after the initial disease presentation. Several small-molecule and biologic-based strategies have been devised which directly target the SOD1 molecule to change the behaviour thought to be responsible for ALS. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the many biophysical advances that sculpted our view of SOD1 biology and the recent work that aims to apply this knowledge for therapeutic outcomes in ALS.
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33
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Qi Y, Montague P, Loney C, Campbell C, Shafie INF, Anderson TJ, McLaughlin M. In vitro evidence consistent with an interaction between wild-type and mutant SOD1 protein associated with canine degenerative myelopathy. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3896-3905. [PMID: 31336405 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a progressive neurological disorder that may be considered to be a large animal model for specific forms of the fatal human disease, familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS). DM is associated with a c118G>A mutation of the superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) gene, and a significant proportion of cases are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner in contrast to the largely, but not exclusively, dominant mode of inheritance in fALS. The consensus view is that these Sod1/SOD1 mutations result in a toxic gain of function but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we used an in vitro neuroblastoma cell line transfection system to monitor wild-type and mutant forms of SOD1 fusion proteins containing either a Cherry or an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) tag. These fusion proteins retained SOD1 enzymatic activity on a native gel assay system. We demonstrate that SOD1 aggregate density is significantly higher in DM transfectants compared to wild-type. In addition, we show by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy, evidence for a potential interaction between wild-type and mutant forms of SOD1 in co-transfected cells. While in vitro studies have shown SOD1 heterodimer formation in fALS models, this is the first report for DM SOD1. Therefore, despite for the majority of cases there is a difference in the mode of inheritance between fALS and DM, a similar interaction between wild-type and mutant SOD1 forms can occur. Clarifying the role of SOD1 in DM may also be of benefit to understanding the role of SOD1 in fALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Qi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Paul Montague
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science (MVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Loney
- MRC, Centre for Virus Research, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Clare Campbell
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science (MVLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Intan N F Shafie
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Thomas J Anderson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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34
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Park JH, Elpers C, Reunert J, McCormick ML, Mohr J, Biskup S, Schwartz O, Rust S, Grüneberg M, Seelhöfer A, Schara U, Boltshauser E, Spitz DR, Marquardt T. SOD1 deficiency: a novel syndrome distinct from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2019; 142:2230-2237. [PMID: 31332433 PMCID: PMC6658856 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is the principal cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase in humans and plays a major role in redox potential regulation. It catalyses the transformation of the superoxide anion (O2•-) into hydrogen peroxide. Heterozygous variants in SOD1 are a common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this study we describe the homozygous truncating variant c.335dupG (p.C112Wfs*11) in SOD1 that leads to total absence of enzyme activity. The resulting phenotype is severe and marked by progressive loss of motor abilities, tetraspasticity with predominance in the lower extremities, mild cerebellar atrophy, and hyperekplexia-like symptoms. Heterozygous carriers have a markedly reduced enzyme activity when compared to wild-type controls but show no overt neurologic phenotype. These results are in contrast with the previously proposed theory that a loss of function is the underlying mechanism in SOD1-related motor neuron disease and should be considered before application of previously proposed SOD1 silencing as a treatment option for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien H Park
- Department of General Paediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christiane Elpers
- Department of General Paediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janine Reunert
- Department of General Paediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael L McCormick
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Julia Mohr
- CeGaT GmbH und Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- CeGaT GmbH und Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schwartz
- Department of General Paediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Rust
- Department of General Paediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marianne Grüneberg
- Department of General Paediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anja Seelhöfer
- Department of General Paediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of General Paediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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35
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Forsberg K, Graffmo K, Pakkenberg B, Weber M, Nielsen M, Marklund S, Brännström T, Andersen PM. Misfolded SOD1 inclusions in patients with mutations in C9orf72 and other ALS/FTD-associated genes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:861-869. [PMID: 30992335 PMCID: PMC6691870 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by mutations in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) are inclusions containing SOD1 in motor neurons. Here, we searched for SOD1-positive inclusions in 29 patients carrying ALS-linked mutations in six other genes. METHODS A panel of antibodies that specifically recognise misfolded SOD1 species were used for immunohistochemical investigations of autopsy tissue. RESULTS The 18 patients with hexanucleotide-repeat-expansions in C9orf72 had inclusions of misfolded wild type (WT) SOD1WT in spinal motor neurons. Similar inclusions were occasionally observed in medulla oblongata and in the motor cortex and frontal lobe. Patients with mutations in FUS, KIF5A, NEK1, ALSIN or VAPB, carried similar SOD1WT inclusions. Minute amounts of misSOD1WT inclusions were detected in 2 of 20 patients deceased from non-neurological causes and in 4 of 10 patients with other neurodegenerative diseases. Comparison was made with 17 patients with 9 different SOD1 mutations. Morphologically, the inclusions in patients with mutations in C9orf72HRE, FUS, KIF5A, NEK1, VAPB and ALSIN resembled inclusions in patients carrying the wildtype-like SOD1D90A mutation, whereas patients carrying unstable SOD1 mutations (A4V, V5M, D76Y, D83G, D101G, G114A, G127X, L144F) had larger skein-like SOD1-positive inclusions. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Abundant inclusions containing misfolded SOD1WT are found in spinal and cortical motor neurons in patients carrying mutations in six ALS-causing genes other than SOD1. This suggests that misfolding of SOD1WT can be part of a common downstream event that may be pathogenic. The new anti-SOD1 therapeutics in development may have applications for a broader range of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Forsberg
- Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Bente Pakkenberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Weber
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Keskin I, Forsgren E, Lehmann M, Andersen PM, Brännström T, Lange DJ, Synofzik M, Nordström U, Zetterström P, Marklund SL, Gilthorpe JD. The molecular pathogenesis of superoxide dismutase 1-linked ALS is promoted by low oxygen tension. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:85-101. [PMID: 30863976 PMCID: PMC6570705 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Disease pathogenesis is linked to destabilization, disorder and aggregation of the SOD1 protein. However, the non-genetic factors that promote disorder and the subsequent aggregation of SOD1 have not been studied. Mainly located to the reducing cytosol, mature SOD1 contains an oxidized disulfide bond that is important for its stability. Since O2 is required for formation of the bond, we reasoned that low O2 tension might be a risk factor for the pathological changes associated with ALS development. By combining biochemical approaches in an extensive range of genetically distinct patient-derived cell lines, we show that the disulfide bond is an Achilles heel of the SOD1 protein. Culture of patient-derived fibroblasts, astrocytes, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mixed motor neuron and astrocyte cultures (MNACs) under low O2 tensions caused reductive bond cleavage and increases in disordered SOD1. The effects were greatest in cells derived from patients carrying ALS-linked mutations in SOD1. However, significant increases also occurred in wild-type SOD1 in cultures derived from non-disease controls, and patients carrying mutations in other common ALS-linked genes. Compared to fibroblasts, MNACs showed far greater increases in SOD1 disorder and even aggregation of mutant SOD1s, in line with the vulnerability of the motor system to SOD1-mediated neurotoxicity. Our results show for the first time that O2 tension is a principal determinant of SOD1 stability in human patient-derived cells. Furthermore, we provide a mechanism by which non-genetic risk factors for ALS, such as aging and other conditions causing reduced vascular perfusion, could promote disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isil Keskin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Forsgren
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Manuela Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Brännström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dale J Lange
- Department of Neurology, Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrika Nordström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Zetterström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan L Marklund
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jonathan D Gilthorpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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37
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Goldstein O, Kedmi M, Gana-Weisz M, Twito S, Nefussy B, Vainer B, Fainmesser Y, Abraham A, Nayshool O, Orr-Urtreger A, Drory VE. Rare homozygosity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis suggests the contribution of recessive variants to disease genetics. J Neurol Sci 2019; 402:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Mutation screening of SLC52A3, C19orf12, and TARDBP in Iranian ALS patients. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 75:225.e9-225.e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Pampalakis G, Mitropoulos K, Xiromerisiou G, Dardiotis E, Deretzi G, Anagnostouli M, Katsila T, Rentzos M, Patrinos GP. New molecular diagnostic trends and biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:361-373. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pampalakis
- Department of PharmacyAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Anagnostouli
- University of Athens School of MedicineAiginition Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Department of PharmacySchool of Health SciencesUniversity of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Michail Rentzos
- University of Athens School of MedicineAiginition Hospital Athens Greece
| | - George P. Patrinos
- Department of PharmacySchool of Health SciencesUniversity of Patras Patras Greece
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates University Al Ain UAE
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40
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Paré B, Lehmann M, Beaudin M, Nordström U, Saikali S, Julien JP, Gilthorpe JD, Marklund SL, Cashman NR, Andersen PM, Forsberg K, Dupré N, Gould P, Brännström T, Gros-Louis F. Misfolded SOD1 pathology in sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14223. [PMID: 30242181 PMCID: PMC6155098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is a pathological hallmark of a subset of familial ALS patients. However, the possible role of misfolded wild type SOD1 in human ALS is highly debated. To ascertain whether or not misfolded SOD1 is a common pathological feature in non-SOD1 ALS, we performed a blinded histological and biochemical analysis of post mortem brain and spinal cord tissues from 19 sporadic ALS, compared with a SOD1 A4V patient as well as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-neurological controls. Multiple conformation- or misfolded-specific antibodies for human SOD1 were compared. These were generated independently by different research groups and were compared using standardized conditions. Five different misSOD1 staining patterns were found consistently in tissue sections from SALS cases and the SOD1 A4V patient, but were essentially absent in AD and non-neurological controls. We have established clear experimental protocols and provide specific guidelines for working, with conformational/misfolded SOD1-specific antibodies. Adherence to these guidelines will aid in the comparison of the results of future studies and better interpretation of staining patterns. This blinded, standardized and unbiased approach provides further support for a possible pathological role of misSOD1 in SALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Paré
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center - Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Manuela Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Beaudin
- Neuroscience Division of the CHU de Québec and Department of Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ulrika Nordström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stephan Saikali
- Department of Medical Biology, Division of Anatomic Pathology and Neuropathology, CHU de Québec, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Gilthorpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan L Marklund
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Neil R Cashman
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Forsberg
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Neuroscience Division of the CHU de Québec and Department of Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Gould
- Department of Medical Biology, Division of Anatomic Pathology and Neuropathology, CHU de Québec, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Brännström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - François Gros-Louis
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center - Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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41
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Müller K, Brenner D, Weydt P, Meyer T, Grehl T, Petri S, Grosskreutz J, Schuster J, Volk AE, Borck G, Kubisch C, Klopstock T, Zeller D, Jablonka S, Sendtner M, Klebe S, Knehr A, Günther K, Weis J, Claeys KG, Schrank B, Sperfeld AD, Hübers A, Otto M, Dorst J, Meitinger T, Strom TM, Andersen PM, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH. Comprehensive analysis of the mutation spectrum in 301 German ALS families. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:817-827. [PMID: 29650794 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-317611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) genetics have revealed that mutations in any of more than 25 genes can cause ALS, mostly as an autosomal-dominant Mendelian trait. Detailed knowledge about the genetic architecture of ALS in a specific population will be important for genetic counselling but also for genotype-specific therapeutic interventions. METHODS Here we combined fragment length analysis, repeat-primed PCR, Southern blotting, Sanger sequencing and whole exome sequencing to obtain a comprehensive profile of genetic variants in ALS disease genes in 301 German pedigrees with familial ALS. We report C9orf72 mutations as well as variants in consensus splice sites and non-synonymous variants in protein-coding regions of ALS genes. We furthermore estimate their pathogenicity by taking into account type and frequency of the respective variant as well as segregation within the families. RESULTS 49% of our German ALS families carried a likely pathogenic variant in at least one of the earlier identified ALS genes. In 45% of the ALS families, likely pathogenic variants were detected in C9orf72, SOD1, FUS, TARDBP or TBK1, whereas the relative contribution of the other ALS genes in this familial ALS cohort was 4%. We identified several previously unreported rare variants and demonstrated the absence of likely pathogenic variants in some of the recently described ALS disease genes. CONCLUSIONS We here present a comprehensive genetic characterisation of German familial ALS. The present findings are of importance for genetic counselling in clinical practice, for molecular research and for the design of diagnostic gene panels or genotype-specific therapeutic interventions in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Weydt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Charité Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Grehl
- Department of Neurology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander E Volk
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institut, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Zeller
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Jablonka
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Klebe
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Knehr
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristl G Claeys
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Muscle Diseases and Neuropathies, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Berthold Schrank
- Department of Neurology, DKD HELIOS Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Anne-Dorte Sperfeld
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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42
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[Genetic architecture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia : Overlap and differences]. DER NERVENARZT 2018; 88:728-735. [PMID: 28573364 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-017-0349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) overlap not only clinically, but also with respect to shared neuropathology and genes. A large number of novel genes has recently been identified which underlie both diseases, e. g., C9orf72, TARDBP, GRN, TBK1, UBQLN2, VCP, CHCHD10, or SQSTM1. In contrast, other genes are still largely associated with only one of the two diseases, e. g., SOD1 with ALS or MAPT with FTD. These genetic findings indicate a large number of shared mechanisms, yet along with still a certain cell-specific vulnerability. The recently identified genes are not only key to investigate the pathophysiology underlying ALS and FTD, but also the first step in the development of causal gene- or pathway-specific therapies. Mutations in these genes are also found in a substantial share of seemingly "sporadic" ALS and FTD patients. Given the large genetic heterogeneity with more than >25 genes having been identified for ALS and FTD, genetic diagnostics should - after exclusion of C9orf72 repeat expansions - no longer resort to single gene-diagnostics, but rather use next generation sequencing panels or whole exome sequencing.
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43
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Chiò A, Mazzini L, D'Alfonso S, Corrado L, Canosa A, Moglia C, Manera U, Bersano E, Brunetti M, Barberis M, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, Pearce N, Sproviero W, McLaughlin R, Vajda A, Hardiman O, Rooney J, Mora G, Calvo A, Al-Chalabi A. The multistep hypothesis of ALS revisited: The role of genetic mutations. Neurology 2018; 91:e635-e642. [PMID: 30045958 PMCID: PMC6105040 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence rates are consistent with the hypothesis that ALS is a multistep process. We tested the hypothesis that carrying a large effect mutation might account for ≥1 steps through the effect of the mutation, thus leaving fewer remaining steps before ALS begins. METHODS We generated incidence data from an ALS population register in Italy (2007-2015) for which genetic analysis for C9orf72, SOD1, TARDBP, and FUS genes was performed in 82% of incident cases. As confirmation, we used data from ALS cases diagnosed in the Republic of Ireland (2006-2014). We regressed the log of age-specific incidence against the log of age with least-squares regression for the subpopulation carrying disease-associated variation in each separate gene. RESULTS Of the 1,077 genetically tested cases, 74 (6.9%) carried C9orf72 mutations, 20 (1.9%) had SOD1 mutations, 15 (1.4%) had TARDBP mutations, and 3 (0.3%) carried FUS mutations. In the whole population, there was a linear relationship between log incidence and log age (r2 = 0.98) with a slope estimate of 4.65 (4.37-4.95), consistent with a 6-step process. The analysis for C9orf72-mutated patients confirmed a linear relationship (r2 = 0.94) with a slope estimate of 2.22 (1.74-2.29), suggesting a 3-step process. This estimate was confirmed by data from the Irish ALS register. The slope estimate was consistent with a 2-step process for SOD1 and with a 4-step process for TARDBP. CONCLUSION The identification of a reduced number of steps in patients with ALS with genetic mutations compared to those without mutations supports the idea of ALS as a multistep process and is an important advance for dissecting the pathogenic process in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Chiò
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK.
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Sandra D'Alfonso
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Lucia Corrado
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Antonio Canosa
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Cristina Moglia
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Umberto Manera
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Enrica Bersano
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Maura Brunetti
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Marco Barberis
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Jan H Veldink
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Neil Pearce
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - William Sproviero
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Russell McLaughlin
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Alice Vajda
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Orla Hardiman
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - James Rooney
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Gabriele Mora
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Andrea Calvo
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- From the "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience (A. Chiò, A. Canosa, C.M., U.M., M.B., M.B., A. Calvo), University of Torino; Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (A. Chiò), National Research Council, Rome; ALS Center (L.M., E.B.), Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità; Department of Health Sciences (S.D., L.C.), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Medical Statistics (N.P.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Centre for Public Health Research (N.P.), Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.H.V., L.H.v.d.B.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Academic Unit of Neurology (R.M., A.V., O.H., J.R.), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri (G.M.), IRCCS Milano, Italy (Gabriele Mora); and King's College London (W.S., A.A.-C.), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, UK
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating, uniformly lethal degenerative disorder of motor neurons that overlaps clinically with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Investigations of the 10% of ALS cases that are transmitted as dominant traits have revealed numerous gene mutations and variants that either cause these disorders or influence their clinical phenotype. The evolving understanding of the genetic architecture of ALS has illuminated broad themes in the molecular pathophysiology of both familial and sporadic ALS and FTD. These central themes encompass disturbances of protein homeostasis, alterations in the biology of RNA binding proteins, and defects in cytoskeletal dynamics, as well as numerous downstream pathophysiological events. Together, these findings from ALS genetics provide new insight into therapies that target genetically distinct subsets of ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655
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Li Y, Sun B, Chen S, Ren Y, Cui F, Yang F, Chen Z, Ling L, Huang X. A novel D90_K91insN mutation in exon 4 of the SOD1 gene caused familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a Chinese pedigree. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2018; 19:516-521. [PMID: 29609497 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2018.1457057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We reported a novel heterozygous duplication mutation (c.272_274dupACA, D90_K91insN) in exon 4 of the SOD1 gene in a Chinese pedigree. This pedigree demonstrates an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, with potentially reduced penetrance. The clinical phenotype was rather uniform with a distal lower extremity onset, predominant involvement of lower motor neurons (LMNs), and a relatively short survival time (mean 2.6 years) compared with other mutations in the loop V structure of SOD1. We also detected that the average SOD1 activity in D90_K91insN mutation carriers is 68.5% of wild-type controls. In conclusion, we identified the first non-frameshift duplication mutation in loop V of the human SOD1 in the Chinese population, suggesting the importance of the loop V structure in the pathogenicity of FALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Li
- a Department of Neurology , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Bo Sun
- a Department of Neurology , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Siyu Chen
- a Department of Neurology , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Yuting Ren
- a Department of Neurology , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Fang Cui
- a Department of Neurology , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Fei Yang
- a Department of Neurology , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- a Department of Neurology , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Li Ling
- a Department of Neurology , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Xusheng Huang
- a Department of Neurology , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
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Toedebusch CM, Snyder JC, Jones MR, Garcia VB, Johnson GC, Villalón EL, Coates JR, Garcia ML. Arginase-1 expressing microglia in close proximity to motor neurons were increased early in disease progression in canine degenerative myelopathy, a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 88:148-157. [PMID: 29408267 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity within superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1)-associated familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is non-cell autonomous with direct contribution from microglia. Microglia exhibit variable expression of neuroprotective and neurotoxic molecules throughout disease progression. The mechanisms regulating microglial phenotype within ALS are not well understood. This work presents a first study to examine the specific microglial phenotypic response in close association to motor neurons in a naturally occurring disease model of ALS, canine degenerative myelopathy (DM). Microglia closely associated with motor neurons were increased in all stages of DM progression, although only DM Late reached statistical significance. Furthermore, the number of arginase-1 expressing microglia per motor neuron were significantly increased in early stages of DM, whereas the number of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-expressing microglia per motor neuron was indistinguishable from aged controls at all stages of disease. Fractalkine, a chemotactic molecule for microglia, was expressed in motor neurons, and the fractalkine receptor was specifically localized to microglia. However, we found no correlation between microglial response and lumbar spinal cord fractalkine levels. Taken together, these data suggest that arginase-1-expressing microglia are recruited to the motor neuron early in DM disease through a fractalkine-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Toedebusch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E Campus Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - John C Snyder
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Maria R Jones
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Virginia B Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, LeFevre Hall, 1200 University Avenue, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gayle C Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, 800 E. Campus Loop, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Eric L Villalón
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Joan R Coates
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E Campus Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michael L Garcia
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins St., Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, LeFevre Hall, 1200 University Avenue, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Dols-Icardo O, García-Redondo A, Rojas-García R, Borrego-Hernández D, Illán-Gala I, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Rábano A, Cervera-Carles L, Juárez-Rufián A, Spataro N, De Luna N, Galán L, Cortes-Vicente E, Fortea J, Blesa R, Grau-Rivera O, Lleó A, Esteban-Pérez J, Gelpi E, Clarimón J. Analysis of known amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia genes reveals a substantial genetic burden in patients manifesting both diseases not carrying the C9orf72 expansion mutation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:162-168. [PMID: 28889094 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-316820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are part of a clinical, pathological and genetic continuum. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to assess the mutation burden that is present in patients with concurrent ALS and FTD (ALS/FTD) not carrying the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) hexanucleotide repeat expansion, the most important genetic cause in both diseases. METHODS From an initial group of 973 patients with ALS, we retrospectively selected those patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria of concomitant ALS and FTD lacking the repeat expansion mutation in C9orf72. Our final study group consisted of 54 patients clinically diagnosed with ALS/FTD (16 with available postmortem neuropathological diagnosis). Data from whole exome sequencing were used to screen for mutations in known ALS and/or FTD genes. RESULTS We identified 11 patients carrying a probable pathogenic mutation, representing an overall mutation frequency of 20.4%. TBK1 was the most important genetic cause of ALS/FTD (n=5; 9.3%). The second most common mutated gene was SQSTM1, with three mutation carriers (one of them also harboured a TBK1 mutation). We also detected probable pathogenic genetic alterations in TAF15, VCP and TARDBP and possible pathogenic mutations in FIG4 and ERBB4. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a high genetic burden underlying the co-occurrence of ALS and FTD and expand the phenotype associated with TAF15, FIG4 and ERBB4 to FTD. A systematic screening of ALS and FTD genes could be indicated in patients manifesting both diseases without the C9orf72 expansion mutation, regardless of family history of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- ALS Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rojas-García
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Borrego-Hernández
- ALS Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luís Muñoz-Blanco
- ALS Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Department of Neuropathology and Tissue Bank, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera-Carles
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Juárez-Rufián
- ALS Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nino Spataro
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí De Luna
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Galán
- ALS Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cortes-Vicente
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Esteban-Pérez
- ALS Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Goutman SA, Chen KS, Paez-Colasante X, Feldman EL. Emerging understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 148:603-623. [PMID: 29478603 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64076-5.00039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, noncurable neurodegenerative disorder of the upper and lower motor neurons causing weakness and death within a few years of symptom onset. About 10% of patients with ALS have a family history of the disease; however, ALS-associated genetic mutations are also found in sporadic cases. There are over 100 ALS-associated mutations, and importantly, several genetic mutations, including C9ORF72, SOD1, and TARDBP, have led to mechanistic insight into this complex disease. In the clinical realm, knowledge of ALS genetics can also help explain phenotypic heterogeneity, aid in genetic counseling, and in the future may help direct treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Goutman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Kevin S Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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van Es MA, Hardiman O, Chio A, Al-Chalabi A, Pasterkamp RJ, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet 2017; 390:2084-2098. [PMID: 28552366 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 794] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterised by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. This neurodegenerative syndrome shares pathobiological features with frontotemporal dementia and, indeed, many patients show features of both diseases. Many different genes and pathophysiological processes contribute to the disease, and it will be necessary to understand this heterogeneity to find effective treatments. In this Seminar, we discuss clinical and diagnostic approaches as well as scientific advances in the research fields of genetics, disease modelling, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Ireland
| | - Adriano Chio
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK; NIHR Dementia Biomedical Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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50
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Köroğlu Ç, Yılmaz R, Sorgun MH, Solakoğlu S, Şener Ö. GNE missense mutation in recessive familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurogenetics 2017; 18:237-243. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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