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Chang CJ, Taoufiq Z, Yamada H, Takei K, Tomiyama T, Umeda T, Hori T, Takahashi T. The microtubule-dynamin binding inhibitor peptide PHDP5 rescues spatial learning and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Brain Res 2024; 1838:148987. [PMID: 38718851 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Dynamin is a microtubule (MT) binding protein playing a key role in vesicle endocytosis. In a brain slice model, tau loaded in presynaptic terminals assembles MTs, thereby impairing vesicle endocytosis via depletion of cytosolic dynamin. The peptide PHDP5, derived from the pleckstrin homology domain of dynamin 1, inhibits dynamin-MT interaction and rescues endocytosis and synaptic transmission impaired by tau when co-loaded in presynaptic terminals. We tested whether in vivo administration of PHDP5 could rescue the learning/memory deficits observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice. A modified PHDP5 incorporating a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) and a FITC fluorescent marker was delivered intranasally to Tau609 transgenic (Tg) and 3xTg-AD mice. FITC-positive puncta were observed in the hippocampus of mice infused with PHDP5 or scrambled (SPHDP5) peptide, but not in saline-infused controls. In the Morris water maze (MWM) test for spatial learning/memory, AD model mice treated with FITC-PHDP5-CPP showed prominent improvements in learning and memory, performing close to the level of saline-infused WT mice control. In contrast, mice treated with a scrambled construct (FITC-SPHDP5-CPP) showed no significant improvement. We conclude that PHDP5 can be a candidate for human AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Chang
- Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Zacharie Taoufiq
- Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience. Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Neuroscience. Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takami Tomiyama
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, 530-0001 Osaka Japan
| | - Tomohiro Umeda
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, 530-0001 Osaka Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hori
- Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Takahashi
- Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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Zhou Y, Dong J, Wang M, Liu Y. New insights of platelet endocytosis and its implication for platelet function. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1308170. [PMID: 38264257 PMCID: PMC10803655 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1308170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis constitutes a cellular process in which cells selectively encapsulate surface substances into endocytic vesicles, also known as endosomes, thereby modulating their interaction with the environment. Platelets, as pivotal hematologic elements, play a crucial role not only in regulating coagulation and thrombus formation but also in facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis. Functioning as critical components in the circulatory system, platelets can internalize various endosomal compartments, such as surface receptors, extracellular proteins, small molecules, and pathogens, from the extracellular environment through diverse endocytic pathways, including pinocytosis, phagocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. We summarize recent advancements in platelet endocytosis, encompassing the catalog of cargoes, regulatory mechanisms, and internal trafficking routes. Furthermore, we describe the influence of endocytosis on platelet regulatory functions and related physiological and pathological processes, aiming to offer foundational insights for future research into platelet endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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3
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Bitoun M. [The dynamin-2-gene related centronuclear myopathy]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39 Hors série n° 1:6-10. [PMID: 37975763 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (AD-CNM) is a rare congenital myopathy characterized by muscle weakness and centrally located nuclei in muscle fibers in the absence of any regeneration. AD-CNM is due to mutations in the DNM2 gene encoding dynamin 2 (DNM2), a large GTPase involved in intracellular membrane trafficking and a regulator of actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. DNM2 mutations are associated with a broad clinical spectrum ranging from severe neonatal to less severe late-onset forms. The histopathological signature includes nuclear centralization, predominance and atrophy of type 1 myofibers and radiating sarcoplasmic strands. To explain the muscle dysfunction, several pathophysiological mechanisms affecting key mechanisms of muscle homeostasis have been identified. They include defects in excitation-contraction coupling, muscle regeneration, mitochondria or autophagy. Several therapeutic approaches are under development by modulating the expression of DNM2 in a pan-allelic manner or by allele-specific silencing targeting only the mutated allele, which open the era of clinical trials for this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bitoun
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS974, Institut de Myologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
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Odell LR, Jones NC, Chau N, Robertson MJ, Ambrus JI, Deane FM, Young KA, Whiting A, Xue J, Prichard K, Daniel JA, Gorgani NN, O'Brien TJ, Robinson PJ, McCluskey A. The sulfonadyns: a class of aryl sulfonamides inhibiting dynamin I GTPase and clathrin mediated endocytosis are anti-seizure in animal models. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1492-1511. [PMID: 37593570 PMCID: PMC10429932 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that dansylcadaverine (1) a known in-cell inhibitor of clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME), moderately inhibits dynamin I (dynI) GTPase activity (IC50 45 μM) and transferrin (Tfn) endocytosis in U2OS cells (IC50 205 μM). Synthesis gave a new class of GTP-competitive dynamin inhibitors, the Sulfonadyns™. The introduction of a terminal cinnamyl moiety greatly enhanced dynI inhibition. Rigid diamine or amide links between the dansyl and cinnamyl moieties were detrimental to dynI inhibition. Compounds with in vitro inhibition of dynI activity <10 μM were tested in-cell for inhibition of CME. These data unveiled a number of compounds, e.g. analogues 33 ((E)-N-(6-{[(3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propen-1-yl]amino}hexyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide)) and 47 ((E)-N-(3-{[3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propen-1-yl]amino}propyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide)isomers that showed dyn IC50 <4 μM, IC50(CME) <30 μM and IC50(SVE) from 12-265 μM. Both analogues (33 and 47) are at least 10 times more potent that the initial lead, dansylcadaverine (1). Enzyme kinetics revealed these sulfonamide analogues as being GTP competitive inhibitors of dynI. Sulfonadyn-47, the most potent SVE inhibitor observed (IC50(SVE) = 12.3 μM), significantly increased seizure threshold in a 6 Hz mouse psychomotor seizure test at 30 (p = 0.003) and 100 mg kg-1 ip (p < 0.0001), with similar anti-seizure efficacy to the established anti-seizure medication, sodium valproate (400 mg kg-1). The Sulfonadyn™ class of drugs target dynamin and show promise as novel leads for future anti-seizure medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Odell
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital Commercial Road Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Ngoc Chau
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Mark J Robertson
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Joseph I Ambrus
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Fiona M Deane
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Kelly A Young
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - Ainslie Whiting
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Jing Xue
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Kate Prichard
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
| | - James A Daniel
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Nick N Gorgani
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital Commercial Road Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Cell Signaling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney 214 Hawkesbury Road Westmead NSW 2145 Australia +612 8865 2915
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental & Life Science, The University of Newcastle University Drive Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia +612 4921 5472 +612 4921 6486
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Arriagada-Diaz J, Flores-Muñoz C, Gómez-Soto B, Labraña-Allende M, Mattar-Araos M, Prado-Vega L, Hinostroza F, Gajardo I, Guerra-Fernández MJ, Bevilacqua JA, Cárdenas AM, Bitoun M, Ardiles AO, Gonzalez-Jamett AM. A centronuclear myopathy-causing mutation in dynamin-2 disrupts neuronal morphology and excitatory synaptic transmission in a murine model of the disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12918. [PMID: 37317811 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dynamin-2 is a large GTPase, a member of the dynamin superfamily that regulates membrane remodelling and cytoskeleton dynamics. Mutations in the dynamin-2 gene (DNM2) cause autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (CNM), a congenital neuromuscular disorder characterised by progressive weakness and atrophy of the skeletal muscles. Cognitive defects have been reported in some DNM2-linked CNM patients suggesting that these mutations can also affect the central nervous system (CNS). Here we studied how a dynamin-2 CNM-causing mutation influences the CNS function. METHODS Heterozygous mice harbouring the p.R465W mutation in the dynamin-2 gene (HTZ), the most common causing autosomal dominant CNM, were used as disease model. We evaluated dendritic arborisation and spine density in hippocampal cultured neurons, analysed excitatory synaptic transmission by electrophysiological field recordings in hippocampal slices, and evaluated cognitive function by performing behavioural tests. RESULTS HTZ hippocampal neurons exhibited reduced dendritic arborisation and lower spine density than WT neurons, which was reversed by transfecting an interference RNA against the dynamin-2 mutant allele. Additionally, HTZ mice showed defective hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission and reduced recognition memory compared to the WT condition. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the dynamin-2 p.R465W mutation perturbs the synaptic and cognitive function in a CNM mouse model and support the idea that this GTPase plays a key role in regulating neuronal morphology and excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arriagada-Diaz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Magister en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carolina Flores-Muñoz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Bárbara Gómez-Soto
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Magister en Ciencias Médicas, Mención Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marjorie Labraña-Allende
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Magister en Ciencias Médicas, Mención Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Michelle Mattar-Araos
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lorena Prado-Vega
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Magister en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fernando Hinostroza
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, CIEAM, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ivana Gajardo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jorge A Bevilacqua
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana M Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marc Bitoun
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Alvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Arlek M Gonzalez-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Ueda H, Tran QTH, Tran LNT, Higasa K, Ikeda Y, Kondo N, Hashiyada M, Sato C, Sato Y, Ashida A, Nishio S, Iwata Y, Iida H, Matsuoka D, Hidaka Y, Fukui K, Itami S, Kawashita N, Sugimoto K, Nozu K, Hattori M, Tsukaguchi H. Characterization of cytoskeletal and structural effects of INF2 variants causing glomerulopathy and neuropathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12003. [PMID: 37491439 PMCID: PMC10368640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common glomerular injury leading to end-stage renal disease. Monogenic FSGS is primarily ascribed to decreased podocyte integrity. Variants between residues 184 and 245 of INF2, an actin assembly factor, produce the monogenic FSGS phenotype. Meanwhile, variants between residues 57 and 184 cause a dual-faceted disease involving peripheral neurons and podocytes (Charcot-Marie-Tooth CMT/FSGS). To understand the molecular basis for INF2 disorders, we compared structural and cytoskeletal effects of INF2 variants classified into two subgroups: One (G73D, V108D) causes the CMT/FSGS phenotype, and the other (T161N, N202S) produces monogenic FSGS. Molecular dynamics analysis revealed that all INF2 variants show distinct flexibility compared to the wild-type INF2 and could affect stability of an intramolecular interaction between their N- and C-terminal segments. Immunocytochemistry of cells expressing INF2 variants showed fewer actin stress fibers, and disorganization of cytoplasmic microtubule arrays. Notably, CMT/FSGS variants caused more prominent changes in mitochondrial distribution and fragmentation than FSGS variants and these changes correlated with the severity of cytoskeletal disruption. Our results indicate that CMT/FSGS variants are associated with more severe global cellular defects caused by disrupted cytoskeleton-organelle interactions than are FSGS variants. Further study is needed to clarify tissue-specific pathways and/or cellular functions implicated in FSGS and CMT phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ueda
- Division of Nephrology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Quynh Thuy Huong Tran
- Division of Nephrology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Linh Nguyen Truc Tran
- Division of Nephrology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- Department of Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kondo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Masaki Hashiyada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Chika Sato
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sato
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Ashida
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Saori Nishio
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
- Toyama Transplantation Promotion Foundation, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsuoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hidaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Suzu Itami
- Major in Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Kawashita
- Department of Energy and Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kandai Nozu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Motoshi Hattori
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsukaguchi
- Division of Nephrology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan.
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Laiman J, Lin SS, Liu YW. Dynamins in human diseases: differential requirement of dynamin activity in distinct tissues. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 81:102174. [PMID: 37230036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin, a 100-kDa GTPase, is one of the most-characterized membrane fission machineries catalyzing vesicle release from plasma membrane during endocytosis. The human genome encodes three dynamins: DNM1, DNM2 and DNM3, with high amino acid similarity but distinct expression patterns. Ever since the discoveries of dynamin mutations associated with human diseases in 2005, dynamin has become a paradigm for studying pathogenic mechanisms of mutant proteins from the aspects of structural biology, cell biology, model organisms as well as therapeutic strategy development. Here, we review the diseases and pathogenic mechanisms caused by mutations of DNM1 and DNM2, focusing on the activity requirement and regulation of dynamins in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Laiman
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Shan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hayes LH, Perdomini M, Aykanat A, Genetti CA, Paterson HL, Cowling BS, Freitag C, Beggs AH. Phenotypic Spectrum of DNM2-Related Centronuclear Myopathy. Neurol Genet 2022; 8:e200027. [PMID: 36324371 PMCID: PMC9621335 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) due to mutations in the dynamin 2 gene, DNM2, is a rare neuromuscular disease about which little is known. The objective of this study was to describe the range of clinical presentations and subsequent natural history of DNM2-related CNM. Methods Pediatric and adult patients with suspicion for a CNM diagnosis and confirmed heterozygous pathogenic variants in DNM2 were ascertained between December 8, 2000, and May 1, 2019. Data were collected through a retrospective review of genetic testing results, clinical records, and pathology slides combined with patient-reported clinical findings via questionnaires. Results Forty-two patients with DNM2-related CNM, whose ages ranged from 0.95 to 75.76 years at most recent contact, were enrolled from 34 families in North or South America and Europe. There were 8 different DNM2 pathogenic variants within the cohort. Of the 32 biopsied patients, all had histologic features of CNM. The disease onset was in infancy or childhood in 81% of the cohort, and more than half of the patients had high arched palates, indicative of weakness in utero. Ambulation was affected in nearly all (92%) the patients, and while the rapidity of progression was variable, most (67%) reported a "deteriorating course." Ptosis, ophthalmoparesis, facial weakness, dysphagia, and respiratory insufficiency were commonly reported. One-third of the patients experienced restricted jaw mobility. Certain pathogenic variants appear to correlate with a more severe phenotype. Discussion DNM2-related CNM has a predominantly early-onset, often congenital, myopathy resulting in progressive difficulty with ambulation and occasionally bulbar and respiratory dysfunction. This detailed characterization of the phenotype provides important information to support clinical trial readiness for future disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Hotchkiss Hayes
- Division of Genetics and Genomics (L.H.H., A.A., C.A.G., H.L.P., A.H.B.), the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Neurology (L.H.H., A.A.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Dynacure (M.P., B.S.C., C.F.), Illkirch, France
| | - Morgane Perdomini
- Division of Genetics and Genomics (L.H.H., A.A., C.A.G., H.L.P., A.H.B.), the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Neurology (L.H.H., A.A.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Dynacure (M.P., B.S.C., C.F.), Illkirch, France
| | - Asli Aykanat
- Division of Genetics and Genomics (L.H.H., A.A., C.A.G., H.L.P., A.H.B.), the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Neurology (L.H.H., A.A.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Dynacure (M.P., B.S.C., C.F.), Illkirch, France
| | - Casie A Genetti
- Division of Genetics and Genomics (L.H.H., A.A., C.A.G., H.L.P., A.H.B.), the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Neurology (L.H.H., A.A.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Dynacure (M.P., B.S.C., C.F.), Illkirch, France
| | - Heather L Paterson
- Division of Genetics and Genomics (L.H.H., A.A., C.A.G., H.L.P., A.H.B.), the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Neurology (L.H.H., A.A.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Dynacure (M.P., B.S.C., C.F.), Illkirch, France
| | - Belinda S Cowling
- Division of Genetics and Genomics (L.H.H., A.A., C.A.G., H.L.P., A.H.B.), the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Neurology (L.H.H., A.A.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Dynacure (M.P., B.S.C., C.F.), Illkirch, France
| | - Christian Freitag
- Division of Genetics and Genomics (L.H.H., A.A., C.A.G., H.L.P., A.H.B.), the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Neurology (L.H.H., A.A.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Dynacure (M.P., B.S.C., C.F.), Illkirch, France
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics (L.H.H., A.A., C.A.G., H.L.P., A.H.B.), the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Neurology (L.H.H., A.A.), Boston Children's Hospital; and Dynacure (M.P., B.S.C., C.F.), Illkirch, France
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9
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Gómez-Oca R, Edelweiss E, Djeddi S, Gerbier M, Massana-Muñoz X, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Crucifix C, Spiegelhalter C, Messaddeq N, Poussin-Courmontagne P, Koebel P, Cowling BS, Laporte J. Differential impact of ubiquitous and muscle dynamin 2 isoforms in muscle physiology and centronuclear myopathy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6849. [PMID: 36369230 PMCID: PMC9652393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin 2 mechanoenzyme is a key regulator of membrane remodeling and gain-of-function mutations in its gene cause centronuclear myopathies. Here, we investigate the functions of dynamin 2 isoforms and their associated phenotypes and, specifically, the ubiquitous and muscle-specific dynamin 2 isoforms expressed in skeletal muscle. In cell-based assays, we show that a centronuclear myopathy-related mutation in the ubiquitous but not the muscle-specific dynamin 2 isoform causes increased membrane fission. In vivo, overexpressing the ubiquitous dynamin 2 isoform correlates with severe forms of centronuclear myopathy, while overexpressing the muscle-specific isoform leads to hallmarks seen in milder cases of the disease. Previous mouse studies suggested that reduction of the total dynamin 2 pool could be therapeutic for centronuclear myopathies. Here, dynamin 2 splice switching from muscle-specific to ubiquitous dynamin 2 aggravated the phenotype of a severe X-linked form of centronuclear myopathy caused by loss-of-function of the MTM1 phosphatase, supporting the importance of targeting the ubiquitous isoform for efficient therapy in muscle. Our results highlight that the ubiquitous and not the muscle-specific dynamin 2 isoform is the main modifier contributing to centronuclear myopathy pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gómez-Oca
- grid.420255.40000 0004 0638 2716Dpt Translational Medicine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 Illkirch, France ,Dynacure, Illkirch, France
| | - Evelina Edelweiss
- grid.420255.40000 0004 0638 2716Dpt Translational Medicine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 Illkirch, France
| | - Sarah Djeddi
- grid.420255.40000 0004 0638 2716Dpt Translational Medicine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 Illkirch, France
| | | | - Xènia Massana-Muñoz
- grid.420255.40000 0004 0638 2716Dpt Translational Medicine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 Illkirch, France
| | - Mustapha Oulad-Abdelghani
- grid.420255.40000 0004 0638 2716Core platforms, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 Illkirch, France
| | - Corinne Crucifix
- grid.420255.40000 0004 0638 2716Integrated Structural Biology platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 Illkirch, France
| | - Coralie Spiegelhalter
- grid.420255.40000 0004 0638 2716Core platforms, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- grid.420255.40000 0004 0638 2716Core platforms, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Poussin-Courmontagne
- grid.420255.40000 0004 0638 2716Integrated Structural Biology platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 Illkirch, France
| | - Pascale Koebel
- grid.420255.40000 0004 0638 2716Core platforms, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 Illkirch, France
| | | | - Jocelyn Laporte
- grid.420255.40000 0004 0638 2716Dpt Translational Medicine, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 Illkirch, France
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10
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Dudhal S, Mekzine L, Prudhon B, Soocheta K, Cadot B, Mamchaoui K, Trochet D, Bitoun M. Development of versatile allele-specific siRNAs able to silence all the dominant dynamin 2 mutations. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:733-748. [PMID: 36090755 PMCID: PMC9439966 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Dominant centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a rare form of congenital myopathy associated with a wide clinical spectrum, from severe neonatal to milder adult forms. There is no available treatment for this disease due to heterozygous mutations in the DNM2 gene encoding Dynamin 2 (DNM2). Dominant DNM2 mutations also cause rare forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and hereditary spastic paraplegia, and deleterious DNM2 overexpression was noticed in several diseases. The proof of concept for therapy by allele-specific RNA interference devoted to silence the mutated mRNA without affecting the normal allele was previously achieved in a mouse model and patient-derived cells, both expressing the most frequent DNM2 mutation in CNM. In order to have versatile small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) usable regardless of the mutation, we have developed allele-specific siRNAs against two non-pathogenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) frequently heterozygous in the population. In addition, allele-specific siRNAs against the p.S619L DNM2 mutation, a mutation frequently associated with severe neonatal cases, were developed. The beneficial effects of these new siRNAs are reported for a panel of defects occurring in patient-derived cell lines. The development of these new molecules allows targeting the large majority of the patients harboring DNM2 mutations or overexpression by only a few siRNAs.
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11
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Guo R, Fujito R, Nagasaki A, Okumura M, Chihara T, Hamao K. Dynamin-2 regulates microtubule stability via an endocytosis-independent mechanism. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 79:94-104. [PMID: 36053962 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule stability and dynamics regulations are essential for vital cellular processes, such as microtubule-dependent axonal transport. Dynamin is involved in many membrane fission events, such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The ubiquitously expressed dynamin-2 has been reported to regulate microtubule stability. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the roles of intrinsic properties of dynamin-2 on microtubule regulation by rescue experiments. A heterozygous DNM2 mutation in HeLa cells was generated, and an increase in the level of stabilized microtubules in these heterozygous cells was observed. The expression of wild-type dynamin-2 in heterozygous cells reduced stabilized microtubules. Conversely, the expression of self-assembly-defective mutants of dynamin-2 in the heterozygous cells failed to decrease stabilized microtubules. This indicated that the self-assembling ability of dynamin-2 is necessary for regulating microtubule stability. Moreover, the heterozygous cells expressing the GTPase-defective dynamin-2 mutant, K44A, reduced microtubule stabilization, similar to the cells expressing wild-type dynamin-2, suggesting that GTPase activity of dynamin-2 is not essential for regulating microtubule stability. These results showed that the mechanism of microtubule regulation by dynamin-2 is diverse from that of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhao Guo
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fujito
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Nagasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Misako Okumura
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Chihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kozue Hamao
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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12
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Eaton N, Boyd EK, Biswas R, Lee-Sundlov MM, Dlugi TA, Ramsey HE, Zheng S, Burns RT, Sola-Visner MC, Hoffmeister KM, Falet H. Endocytosis of the thrombopoietin receptor Mpl regulates megakaryocyte and erythroid maturation in mice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959806. [PMID: 36110936 PMCID: PMC9468709 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dnm2fl/fl Pf4-Cre (Dnm2Plt-/- ) mice lacking the endocytic GTPase dynamin 2 (DNM2) in platelets and megakaryocytes (MKs) develop hallmarks of myelofibrosis. At the cellular level, the tyrosine kinase JAK2 is constitutively active but decreased in expression in Dnm2Plt-/- platelets. Additionally, Dnm2Plt-/- platelets cannot endocytose the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor Mpl, leading to elevated circulating TPO levels. Here, we assessed whether the hyperproliferative phenotype of Dnm2Plt-/- mice was due to JAK2 constitutive activation or to elevated circulating TPO levels. In unstimulated Dnm2Plt-/- platelets, STAT3 and, to a lower extent, STAT5 were phosphorylated, but their phosphorylation was slowed and diminished upon TPO stimulation. We further crossed Dnm2Plt-/- mice in the Mpl-/- background to generate Mpl-/-Dnm2Plt-/- mice lacking Mpl ubiquitously and DNM2 in platelets and MKs. Mpl-/- Dnm2Plt-/- platelets had severely reduced JAK2 and STAT3 but normal STAT5 expression. Mpl-/- Dnm2Plt-/- mice had severely reduced bone marrow MK and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell numbers. Additionally, Mpl-/- Dnm2Plt-/- mice had severe erythroblast (EB) maturation defects, decreased expression of hemoglobin and heme homeostasis genes and increased expression of ribosome biogenesis and protein translation genes in spleen EBs, and developed anemia with grossly elevated plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels, leading to early fatality by postnatal day 25. Mpl-/- Dnm2Plt+/+ mice had impaired EB development at three weeks of age, which normalized with adulthood. Together, the data shows that DNM2-dependent Mpl-mediated endocytosis in platelets and MKs is required for steady-state hematopoiesis and provides novel insights into a developmentally controlled role for Mpl in normal erythropoiesis, regulating hemoglobin and heme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Eaton
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Emily K. Boyd
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ratnashree Biswas
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Melissa M. Lee-Sundlov
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Theresa A. Dlugi
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Haley E. Ramsey
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shikan Zheng
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Robert T. Burns
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Martha C. Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karin M. Hoffmeister
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Hervé Falet
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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13
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GDAP1 loss of function inhibits the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by altering the actin cytoskeleton. Commun Biol 2022; 5:541. [PMID: 35662277 PMCID: PMC9166793 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease 4A is an autosomal-recessive polyneuropathy caused by mutations of ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1), a putative glutathione transferase, which affects mitochondrial shape and alters cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we identify the underlying mechanism. We found that patient-derived motoneurons and GDAP1 knockdown SH-SY5Y cells display two phenotypes: more tubular mitochondria and a metabolism characterized by glutamine dependence and fewer cytosolic lipid droplets. GDAP1 interacts with the actin-depolymerizing protein Cofilin-1 and beta-tubulin in a redox-dependent manner, suggesting a role for actin signaling. Consistently, GDAP1 loss causes less F-actin close to mitochondria, which restricts mitochondrial localization of the fission factor dynamin-related protein 1, instigating tubularity. GDAP1 silencing also disrupts mitochondria-ER contact sites. These changes result in lower mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, explaining the metabolic changes upon GDAP1 loss of function. Together, our findings reconcile GDAP1-associated phenotypes and implicate disrupted actin signaling in CMT4A pathophysiology. GDAP1 mutations effect Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 4A by inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and restricting mitochondrial localization of dynamin-related protein 1 through alterations of the actin cytoskeleton.
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14
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Hamasaki E, Wakita N, Yasuoka H, Nagaoka H, Morita M, Takashima E, Uchihashi T, Takeda T, Abe T, Lee JW, Iimura T, Saleem MA, Ogo N, Asai A, Narita A, Takei K, Yamada H. The Lipid-Binding Defective Dynamin 2 Mutant in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Impairs Proper Actin Bundling and Actin Organization in Glomerular Podocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884509. [PMID: 35620056 PMCID: PMC9127447 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin is an endocytic protein that functions in vesicle formation by scission of invaginated membranes. Dynamin maintains the structure of foot processes in glomerular podocytes by directly and indirectly interacting with actin filaments. However, molecular mechanisms underlying dynamin-mediated actin regulation are largely unknown. Here, biochemical and cell biological experiments were conducted to uncover how dynamin modulates interactions between membranes and actin in human podocytes. Actin-bundling, membrane tubulating, and GTPase activities of dynamin were examined in vitro using recombinant dynamin 2-wild-type (WT) or dynamin 2-K562E, which is a mutant found in Charcot-Marie-Tooth patients. Dynamin 2-WT and dynamin 2-K562E led to the formation of prominent actin bundles with constant diameters. Whereas liposomes incubated with dynamin 2-WT resulted in tubule formation, dynamin 2-K562E reduced tubulation. Actin filaments and liposomes stimulated dynamin 2-WT GTPase activity by 6- and 20-fold, respectively. Actin-filaments, but not liposomes, stimulated dynamin 2-K562E GTPase activity by 4-fold. Self-assembly-dependent GTPase activity of dynamin 2-K562E was reduced to one-third compared to that of dynamin 2-WT. Incubation of liposomes and actin with dynamin 2-WT led to the formation of thick actin bundles, which often bound to liposomes. The interaction between lipid membranes and actin bundles by dynamin 2-K562E was lower than that by dynamin 2-WT. Dynamin 2-WT partially colocalized with stress fibers and actin bundles based on double immunofluorescence of human podocytes. Dynamin 2-K562E expression resulted in decreased stress fiber density and the formation of aberrant actin clusters. Dynamin 2-K562E colocalized with α-actinin-4 in aberrant actin clusters. Reformation of stress fibers after cytochalasin D-induced actin depolymerization and washout was less effective in dynamin 2-K562E-expressing cells than that in dynamin 2-WT. Bis-T-23, a dynamin self-assembly enhancer, was unable to rescue the decreased focal adhesion numbers and reduced stress fiber density induced by dynamin 2-K562E expression. These results suggest that the low affinity of the K562E mutant for lipid membranes, and atypical self-assembling properties, lead to actin disorganization in HPCs. Moreover, lipid-binding and self-assembly of dynamin 2 along actin filaments are required for podocyte morphology and functions. Finally, dynamin 2-mediated interactions between actin and membranes are critical for actin bundle formation in HPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Hamasaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Natsuki Wakita
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yasuoka
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nagaoka
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morita
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Takeda
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Abe
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Iimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Narita
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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15
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Böhm J, Barthélémy I, Landwerlin C, Blanchard-Gutton N, Relaix F, Blot S, Laporte J, Tiret L. A dog model for centronuclear myopathy carrying the most common DNM2 mutation. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274622. [PMID: 35244154 PMCID: PMC9016898 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in DNM2 cause autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (ADCNM), a rare disease characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and structural anomalies of the myofibres, including nuclear centralization and mitochondrial mispositioning. Following the clinical report of a Border Collie male with exercise intolerance and histopathological hallmarks of CNM on the muscle biopsy, we identified the c.1393C>T (R465W) mutation in DNM2, corresponding to the most common ADCNM mutation in humans. In order to establish a large animal model for longitudinal and preclinical studies on the muscle disorder, we collected sperm samples from the Border Collie male and generated a dog cohort for subsequent clinical, genetic and histological investigations. Four of the five offspring carried the DNM2 mutation and showed muscle atrophy and a mildly impaired gait. Morphological examinations of transverse muscle sections revealed CNM-typical fibres with centralized nuclei and remodelling of the mitochondrial network. Overall, the DNM2-CNM dog represents a faithful animal model for the human disorder, allows the investigation of ADCNM disease progression, and constitutes a valuable complementary tool to validate innovative therapies established in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Böhm
- Médecine translationnelle et neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U 1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Inès Barthélémy
- Neuroscience et psychiatrie, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Créteil, France.,Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.,EFS, IMRB, 94017 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Charlène Landwerlin
- Médecine translationnelle et neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U 1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard-Gutton
- Neuroscience et psychiatrie, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Créteil, France.,Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.,EFS, IMRB, 94017 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Neuroscience et psychiatrie, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Créteil, France.,Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.,EFS, IMRB, 94017 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Blot
- Neuroscience et psychiatrie, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Créteil, France.,Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.,EFS, IMRB, 94017 Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Médecine translationnelle et neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Inserm U 1258, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- Neuroscience et psychiatrie, Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Créteil, France.,Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.,EFS, IMRB, 94017 Créteil Cedex, France
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16
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Trochet D, Prudhon B, Mekzine L, Lemaitre M, Beuvin M, Julien L, Benkhelifa-Ziyyat S, Bui MT, Romero N, Bitoun M. Benefits of therapy by dynamin-2-mutant-specific silencing are maintained with time in a mouse model of dominant centronuclear myopathy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:1179-1190. [PMID: 35282416 PMCID: PMC8889367 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dominant dynamin 2 (DNM2) mutations are responsible for the autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (AD-CNM), a rare progressive neuromuscular disorder ranging from severe neonatal to mild adult forms. We previously demonstrated that mutant-specific RNA interference is an efficient therapeutic strategy to rescue the muscle phenotype at the onset of the symptoms in the AD-CNM knockin-Dnm2 R465W/+ mouse model. Our objective was to evaluate the long-term benefit of the treatment along with the disease time course. We demonstrate here that the complete rescue of the muscle phenotype is maintained for at least 1 year after a single injection of adeno-associated virus expressing the mutant-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). This was achieved by a maintained reduction of the mutant Dnm2 transcript. Moreover, this long-term study uncovers a pathological accumulation of DNM2 protein occurring with age in the mouse model and prevented by the treatment. Conversely, a physiological DNM2 protein decrease with age was observed in muscles from wild-type mice. Therefore, this study highlights a new potential pathophysiological mechanism linked to mutant protein accumulation and underlines the importance of DNM2 protein expression level for proper muscle function. Overall, these results strengthen the allele-specific silencing approach as a robust, safe, and efficient therapy for AD-CNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Trochet
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Prudhon
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Lylia Mekzine
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Maud Beuvin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Laura Julien
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sofia Benkhelifa-Ziyyat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mai Thao Bui
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Norma Romero
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
- Neuromuscular Morphology Unit, Myology Institute, GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marc Bitoun
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
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17
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Mitochondria-lysosome contact site dynamics and misregulation in neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:312-322. [PMID: 35249745 PMCID: PMC8930467 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurons rely heavily on properly regulated mitochondrial and lysosomal homeostasis, with multiple neurodegenerative diseases linked to dysfunction in these two organelles. Interestingly, mitochondria-lysosome membrane contact sites have been identified as a key pathway mediating their crosstalk in neurons. Recent studies have further elucidated the regulation of mitochondria-lysosome contact dynamics via distinct tethering/untethering protein machinery. Moreover, this pathway has been shown to have additional functions in regulating organelle network dynamics and metabolite transfer between lysosomes and mitochondria. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the field of mitochondria-lysosome contact sites and their misregulation across multiple neurodegenerative disorders, which further underscore a potential role for this pathway in neuronal homeostasis and disease.
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18
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Boyer O, Mollet G, Dorval G. Neurological involvement in monogenic podocytopathies. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:3571-3583. [PMID: 33791874 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies of hereditary nephrotic syndrome (NS) have identified more than 50 genes that, if mutated, are responsible for monogenic forms of steroid-resistant NS (SRNS), either isolated or syndromic. Most of these genes encode proteins expressed in the podocyte with various functions such as transcription factors, mitochondrial proteins, or enzymes, but mainly structural proteins of the slit diaphragm (SD) as well as cytoskeletal binding and regulator proteins. Syndromic NS is sometimes associated with neurological features. Over recent decades, various studies have established links between the physiology of podocytes and neurons, both morphologically (slit diaphragm and synapse) and functionally (signaling platforms). Variants in genes expressed in different compartments of the podocyte and neurons are responsible for phenotypes associating kidney lesions with proteinuria (mainly Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis (DMS)) and central and/or peripheral neurological disorders. The Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS, OMIM#251300) associates neurological defects, microcephaly, and proteinuria and is caused by variants in genes encoding proteins of various functions (microtubule cytoskeleton regulation (WDR73), regulation of protein synthesis via transfer RNAs (KEOPS and WDR4 complexes)). Pierson syndrome (OMIM#609049) associating congenital nephrotic syndrome and central neurological and ophthalmological anomalies is secondary to variants in LAMB2, involved in glomerular and ocular basement membranes. Finally, Charcot-Marie-Tooth-FSGS (OMIM#614455) combines peripheral sensory-motor neuropathy and proteinuria and arises from INF2 variants, resulting in cytoskeletal polymerization defects. This review focuses on genetic syndromes associating nephrotic range proteinuria and neurological involvement and provides the latest advances in the description of these neuro-renal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Boyer
- Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, AP-HP, Centre de Référence de maladies rénales rares de l'enfant et de l'adulte (MARHEA), Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015, Paris, France.
- Institut Imagine, Laboratoire des maladies rénales héréditaires, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Géraldine Mollet
- Institut Imagine, Laboratoire des maladies rénales héréditaires, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Dorval
- Institut Imagine, Laboratoire des maladies rénales héréditaires, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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19
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Tassin TC, Barylko B, Hedde PN, Chen Y, Binns DD, James NG, Mueller JD, Jameson DM, Taussig R, Albanesi JP. Gain-of-Function Properties of a Dynamin 2 Mutant Implicated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:745940. [PMID: 34744632 PMCID: PMC8563704 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.745940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding dynamin 2 (DNM2), a GTPase that catalyzes membrane constriction and fission, are associated with two autosomal-dominant motor disorders, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and centronuclear myopathy (CNM), which affect nerve and muscle, respectively. Many of these mutations affect the pleckstrin homology domain of DNM2, yet there is almost no overlap between the sets of mutations that cause CMT or CNM. A subset of CMT-linked mutations inhibit the interaction of DNM2 with phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate, which is essential for DNM2 function in endocytosis. In contrast, CNM-linked mutations inhibit intramolecular interactions that normally suppress dynamin self-assembly and GTPase activation. Hence, CNM-linked DNM2 mutants form abnormally stable polymers and express enhanced assembly-dependent GTPase activation. These distinct effects of CMT and CNM mutations are consistent with current findings that DNM2-dependent CMT and CNM are loss-of-function and gain-of-function diseases, respectively. In this study, we present evidence that at least one CMT-causing DNM2 mutant (ΔDEE; lacking residues 555DEE557) forms polymers that, like the CNM mutants, are resistant to disassembly and display enhanced GTPase activation. We further show that the ΔDEE mutant undergoes 2-3-fold higher levels of tyrosine phosphorylation than wild-type DNM2. These results suggest that molecular mechanisms underlying the absence of pathogenic overlap between DNM2-dependent CMT and CNM should be re-examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C. Tassin
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Barbara Barylko
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Per Niklas Hedde
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Derk D. Binns
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nicholas G. James
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Joachim D. Mueller
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - David M. Jameson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Ronald Taussig
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Joseph P. Albanesi
- Department of Pharmacology, U.T. Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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20
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Intertwined and Finely Balanced: Endoplasmic Reticulum Morphology, Dynamics, Function, and Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092341. [PMID: 34571990 PMCID: PMC8472773 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that is responsible for many essential subcellular processes. Interconnected narrow tubules at the periphery and thicker sheet-like regions in the perinuclear region are linked to the nuclear envelope. It is becoming apparent that the complex morphology and dynamics of the ER are linked to its function. Mutations in the proteins involved in regulating ER structure and movement are implicated in many diseases including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The ER is also hijacked by pathogens to promote their replication. Bacteria such as Legionella pneumophila and Chlamydia trachomatis, as well as the Zika virus, bind to ER morphology and dynamics-regulating proteins to exploit the functions of the ER to their advantage. This review covers our understanding of ER morphology, including the functional subdomains and membrane contact sites that the organelle forms. We also focus on ER dynamics and the current efforts to quantify ER motion and discuss the diseases related to ER morphology and dynamics.
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21
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Markworth R, Bähr M, Burk K. Held Up in Traffic-Defects in the Trafficking Machinery in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:695294. [PMID: 34483837 PMCID: PMC8415527 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.695294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), also known as motor and sensory neuropathy, describes a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system. CMT typically arises in early adulthood and is manifested by progressive loss of motor and sensory functions; however, the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss disrupted intracellular transport as a common denominator in the pathogenesis of different CMT subtypes. Intracellular transport via the endosomal system is essential for the delivery of lipids, proteins, and organelles bidirectionally to synapses and the soma. As neurons of the peripheral nervous system are amongst the longest neurons in the human body, they are particularly susceptible to damage of the intracellular transport system, leading to a loss in axonal integrity and neuronal death. Interestingly, defects in intracellular transport, both in neurons and Schwann cells, have been found to provoke disease. This review explains the mechanisms of trafficking and subsequently summarizes and discusses the latest findings on how defects in trafficking lead to CMT. A deeper understanding of intracellular trafficking defects in CMT will expand our understanding of CMT pathogenesis and will provide novel approaches for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Markworth
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Burk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Deisl C, Hilgemann DW, Syeda R, Fine M. TMEM16F and dynamins control expansive plasma membrane reservoirs. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4990. [PMID: 34404808 PMCID: PMC8371123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells can expand their plasma membrane laterally by unfolding membrane undulations and by exocytosis. Here, we describe a third mechanism involving invaginations held shut by the membrane adapter, dynamin. Compartments open when Ca activates the lipid scramblase, TMEM16F, anionic phospholipids escape from the cytoplasmic monolayer in exchange for neutral lipids, and dynamins relax. Deletion of TMEM16F or dynamins blocks expansion, with loss of dynamin expression generating a maximally expanded basal plasma membrane state. Re-expression of dynamin2 or its GTPase-inactivated mutant, but not a lipid binding mutant, regenerates reserve compartments and rescues expansion. Dynamin2-GFP fusion proteins form punctae that rapidly dissipate from these compartments during TMEM16F activation. Newly exposed compartments extend deeply into the cytoplasm, lack numerous organellar markers, and remain closure-competent for many seconds. Without Ca, compartments open slowly when dynamins are sequestered by cytoplasmic dynamin antibodies or when scrambling is mimicked by neutralizing anionic phospholipids and supplementing neutral lipids. Activation of Ca-permeable mechanosensitive channels via cell swelling or channel agonists opens the compartments in parallel with phospholipid scrambling. Thus, dynamins and TMEM16F control large plasma membrane reserves that open in response to lateral membrane stress and Ca influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Deisl
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Donald W Hilgemann
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Ruhma Syeda
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neuroscience, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael Fine
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Dallas, TX, USA.
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics, Dallas, TX, USA.
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23
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Trochet D, Bitoun M. A review of Dynamin 2 involvement in cancers highlights a promising therapeutic target. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:238. [PMID: 34294140 PMCID: PMC8296698 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin 2 (DNM2) is an ubiquitously expressed large GTPase well known for its role in vesicle formation in endocytosis and intracellular membrane trafficking also acting as a regulator of cytoskeletons. During the last two decades, DNM2 involvement, through mutations or overexpression, emerged in an increasing number of cancers and often associated with poor prognosis. A wide panel of DNM2-dependent processes was described in cancer cells which explains DNM2 contribution to cancer pathomechanisms. First, DNM2 dysfunction may promote cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Second, DNM2 acts on intracellular signaling pathways fostering tumor cell proliferation and survival. Relative to these roles, DNM2 was demonstrated as a therapeutic target able to reduce cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and reduce the invasive phenotype in a wide range of cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, proofs of concept of therapy by modulation of DNM2 expression was also achieved in vivo in several animal models. Consequently, DNM2 appears as a promising molecular target for the development of anti-invasive agents and the already provided proofs of concept in animal models represent an important step of preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Trochet
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS 974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marc Bitoun
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS 974, Institut de Myologie, F-75013, Paris, France.
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24
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Felice KJ, Whitaker CH, Khorasanizadeh S. Diagnostic yield of advanced genetic testing in patients with hereditary neuropathies: A retrospective single-site study. Muscle Nerve 2021; 64:454-461. [PMID: 34232518 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Advanced genetic testing including next-generation sequencing (AGT/NGS) has facilitated DNA testing in the clinical setting and greatly expanded new gene discovery for the Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathies and other hereditary neuropathies (CMT/HN). Herein, we report AGT/NGS results, clinical findings, and diagnostic yield in a cohort of CMT/HN patients evaluated at our neuropathy care center. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of all patients with suspected CMT/HN who underwent AGT/NGS at the Hospital for Special Care from January 2017 through January 2020. Patients with variants reported as pathogenic or likely pathogenic were included for further clinical review. RESULTS We ordered AGT/NGS on 108 patients with suspected CMT/HN. Of these, pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 17 patients (diagnostic yield, 15.7%), including 6 (35%) with PMP22 duplications; 3 (18%) with MPZ variants; 2 (12%) with MFN2 variants; and 1 each with NEFL, IGHMBP2, GJB1, BSCL2, DNM2, and TTR variants. Diagnostic yield increased to 31.0% for patients with a positive family history. DISCUSSION AGT/NGS panels can provide specific genetic diagnoses for a subset of patients with CMT/HN disorders, which improves disease and genetic counseling and prepares patients for disease-focused therapies. Despite these advancements, many patients with known or suspected CMT/HN disorders remain without a specific genetic diagnosis. Continued advancements in genetic testing, such as multiomic technology and better understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation, will further improve detection rates for patients with suspected CMT/HN disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Felice
- Department of Neuromuscular Medicine, Hospital for Special Care, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Charles H Whitaker
- Department of Neuromuscular Medicine, Hospital for Special Care, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sadaf Khorasanizadeh
- Department of Neuromuscular Medicine, Hospital for Special Care, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
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25
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Kyriakoudi S, Drousiotou A, Petrou PP. When the Balance Tips: Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics as a Culprit in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094617. [PMID: 33924849 PMCID: PMC8124286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, the morphology of which is tightly linked to their functions. The interplay between the coordinated events of fusion and fission that are collectively described as mitochondrial dynamics regulates mitochondrial morphology and adjusts mitochondrial function. Over the last few years, accruing evidence established a connection between dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics and disease development and progression. Defects in key components of the machinery mediating mitochondrial fusion and fission have been linked to a wide range of pathological conditions, such as insulin resistance and obesity, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Here, we provide an update on the molecular mechanisms promoting mitochondrial fusion and fission in mammals and discuss the emerging association of disturbed mitochondrial dynamics with human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliana Kyriakoudi
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, P.O. Box 23462, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus; (S.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Anthi Drousiotou
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, P.O. Box 23462, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus; (S.K.); (A.D.)
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 23462, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus
| | - Petros P. Petrou
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, P.O. Box 23462, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus; (S.K.); (A.D.)
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, P.O. Box 23462, Nicosia 1683, Cyprus
- Correspondence:
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26
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Sharma G, Pfeffer G, Shutt TE. Genetic Neuropathy Due to Impairments in Mitochondrial Dynamics. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:268. [PMID: 33810506 PMCID: PMC8066130 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles capable of fusing, dividing, and moving about the cell. These properties are especially important in neurons, which in addition to high energy demand, have unique morphological properties with long axons. Notably, mitochondrial dysfunction causes a variety of neurological disorders including peripheral neuropathy, which is linked to impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Nonetheless, exactly why peripheral neurons are especially sensitive to impaired mitochondrial dynamics remains somewhat enigmatic. Although the prevailing view is that longer peripheral nerves are more sensitive to the loss of mitochondrial motility, this explanation is insufficient. Here, we review pathogenic variants in proteins mediating mitochondrial fusion, fission and transport that cause peripheral neuropathy. In addition to highlighting other dynamic processes that are impacted in peripheral neuropathies, we focus on impaired mitochondrial quality control as a potential unifying theme for why mitochondrial dysfunction and impairments in mitochondrial dynamics in particular cause peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Sharma
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Child Health Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Timothy E. Shutt
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
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27
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Maresca A, Carelli V. Molecular Mechanisms behind Inherited Neurodegeneration of the Optic Nerve. Biomolecules 2021; 11:496. [PMID: 33806088 PMCID: PMC8064499 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited neurodegeneration of the optic nerve is a paradigm in neurology, as many forms of isolated or syndromic optic atrophy are encountered in clinical practice. The retinal ganglion cells originate the axons that form the optic nerve. They are particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction, as they present a peculiar cellular architecture, with axons that are not myelinated for a long intra-retinal segment, thus, very energy dependent. The genetic landscape of causative mutations and genes greatly enlarged in the last decade, pointing to common pathways. These mostly imply mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to a similar outcome in terms of neurodegeneration. We here critically review these pathways, which include (1) complex I-related oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) dysfunction, (2) mitochondrial dynamics, and (3) endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial inter-organellar crosstalk. These major pathogenic mechanisms are in turn interconnected and represent the target for therapeutic strategies. Thus, their deep understanding is the basis to set and test new effective therapies, an urgent unmet need for these patients. New tools are now available to capture all interlinked mechanistic intricacies for the pathogenesis of optic nerve neurodegeneration, casting hope for innovative therapies to be rapidly transferred into the clinic and effectively cure inherited optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Maresca
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Programma di Neurogenetica, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
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28
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de Oliveira LG, Angelo YDS, Iglesias AH, Peron JPS. Unraveling the Link Between Mitochondrial Dynamics and Neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624919. [PMID: 33796100 PMCID: PMC8007920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases are a major public health problem worldwide, especially with the increase of life-expectancy observed during the last decades. For many of these diseases, we still lack a full understanding of their etiology and pathophysiology. Nonetheless their association with mitochondrial dysfunction highlights this organelle as an important player during CNS homeostasis and disease. Markers of Parkinson (PD) and Alzheimer (AD) diseases are able to induce innate immune pathways induced by alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis leading to neuroinflammation. Additionally, exacerbated type I IFN responses triggered by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), failures in mitophagy, ER-mitochondria communication and mtROS production promote neurodegeneration. On the other hand, regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is essential for CNS health maintenance and leading to the induction of IL-10 and reduction of TNF-α secretion, increased cell viability and diminished cell injury in addition to reduced oxidative stress. Thus, although previously solely seen as power suppliers to organelles and molecular processes, it is now well established that mitochondria have many other important roles, including during immune responses. Here, we discuss the importance of these mitochondrial dynamics during neuroinflammation, and how they correlate either with the amelioration or worsening of CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Gomes de Oliveira
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Immunology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB) IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yan de Souza Angelo
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Immunology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB) IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio H Iglesias
- Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Immunology Department - Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB) IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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29
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Lopergolo D, Bocci S, Pinto AM, Valentino F, Doddato G, Ginanneschi F, Volpi N, Renieri A, Giannini F. A new mutation in DNM2 gene in a large Italian family. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:2509-2513. [PMID: 33459893 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy with great clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in DNM2 have been associated with CMT dominant intermediate B (CMTDIB). However, mutations in the same gene are known to induce also axonal CMT (CMT2M) or centronuclear myopathy. Moreover, the ability of effectively and simultaneously sequencing different CMT-related genes by next-generation sequencing approach makes it possible to detect even the presence of modifier genes that sometimes give reason of clinical variability in the context of complex phenotypes. Here, we describe an Italian family with very variable severity of phenotype among members harboring a novel DNM2 gene mutation which caused a prevalent CMT2M phenotype. The contemporary presence of a de novo variant in PRX gene in the most severely affected family member suggests a possible modulator effect of the PRX variant thus highlighting the possible impact of modifier genes in CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lopergolo
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Bocci
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,UOC Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pinto
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Ginanneschi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,UOC Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Nila Volpi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,UOC Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. .,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
| | - Fabio Giannini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,UOC Neurologia e Neurofisiologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
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30
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Arriagada-Diaz J, Prado-Vega L, Cárdenas Díaz AM, Ardiles AO, Gonzalez-Jamett AM. Dynamin Superfamily at Pre- and Postsynapses: Master Regulators of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Health and Disease. Neuroscientist 2020; 28:41-58. [PMID: 33300419 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420974313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin superfamily proteins (DSPs) comprise a large group of GTP-ases that orchestrate membrane fusion and fission, and cytoskeleton remodeling in different cell-types. At the central nervous system, they regulate synaptic vesicle recycling and signaling-receptor turnover, allowing the maintenance of synaptic transmission. In the presynapses, these GTP-ases control the recycling of synaptic vesicles influencing the size of the ready-releasable pool and the release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals, whereas in the postsynapses, they are involved in AMPA-receptor trafficking to and from postsynaptic densities, supporting excitatory synaptic plasticity, and consequently learning and memory formation. In agreement with these relevant roles, an important number of neurological disorders are associated with mutations and/or dysfunction of these GTP-ases. Along the present review we discuss the importance of DSPs at synapses and their implication in different neuropathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arriagada-Diaz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Magister en Ciencias, mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lorena Prado-Vega
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Magister en Ciencias, mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ana M Cárdenas Díaz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Arlek M Gonzalez-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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31
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Genetic mechanisms of peripheral nerve disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135357. [PMID: 33249104 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies of genetic etiology are a very diverse group of disorders manifesting either as non-syndromic inherited neuropathies without significant manifestations outside the peripheral nervous system, or as part of a systemic or syndromic genetic disorder. The former and most frequent group is collectively known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), with prevalence as high as 1:2,500 world-wide, and has proven to be genetically highly heterogeneous. More than 100 different genes have been identified so far to cause various CMT forms, following all possible inheritance patterns. CMT causative genes belong to several common functional pathways that are essential for the integrity of the peripheral nerve. Their discovery has provided insights into the normal biology of axons and myelinating cells, and has highlighted the molecular mechanisms including both loss of function and gain of function effects, leading to peripheral nerve degeneration. Demyelinating neuropathies result from dysfunction of genes primarily affecting myelinating Schwann cells, while axonal neuropathies are caused by genes affecting mostly neurons and their long axons. Furthermore, mutation in genes expressed outside the nervous system, as in the case of inherited amyloid neuropathies, may cause peripheral neuropathy resulting from accumulation of β-structured amyloid fibrils in peripheral nerves in addition to various organs. Increasing insights into the molecular-genetic mechanisms have revealed potential therapeutic targets. These will enable the development of novel therapeutics for genetic neuropathies that remain, in their majority, without effective treatment.
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32
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McNulty SN, Evenson MJ, Riley M, Yoest JM, Corliss MM, Heusel JW, Duncavage EJ, Pfeifer JD. A Next-Generation Sequencing Test for Severe Congenital Neutropenia: Utility in a Broader Clinicopathologic Spectrum of Disease. J Mol Diagn 2020; 23:200-211. [PMID: 33217554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a collection of diverse disorders characterized by chronically low absolute neutrophil count in the peripheral blood, increased susceptibility to infection, and a significant predisposition to the development of myeloid malignancies. SCN can be acquired or inherited. Inherited forms have been linked to variants in a group of diverse genes involved in the neutrophil-differentiation process. Variants that promote resistance to treatment have also been identified. Thus, genetic testing is important for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of SCN. Herein we describe clinically validated assay developed for assessing patients with suspected SCN. The assay is performed from a whole-exome backbone. Variants are called across all coding exons, and results are filtered to focus on 48 genes that are clinically relevant to SCN. Validation results indicated 100% analytical sensitivity and specificity for the detection of constitutional variants among the 48 reportable genes. To date, 34 individuals have been referred for testing (age range: birth to 67 years). Several pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants have been identified, including one in a patient with late-onset disease. The pattern of cases referred for testing suggests that this assay has clinical utility in a broader spectrum of patients beyond those in the pediatric population who have classic early-onset symptoms characteristic of SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N McNulty
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael J Evenson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Meaghan Riley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Summit Pathology, Loveland, Colorado
| | - Jennifer M Yoest
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Meagan M Corliss
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jonathan W Heusel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric J Duncavage
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John D Pfeifer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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33
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La TM, Tachibana H, Li SA, Abe T, Seiriki S, Nagaoka H, Takashima E, Takeda T, Ogawa D, Makino SI, Asanuma K, Watanabe M, Tian X, Ishibe S, Sakane A, Sasaki T, Wada J, Takei K, Yamada H. Dynamin 1 is important for microtubule organization and stabilization in glomerular podocytes. FASEB J 2020; 34:16449-16463. [PMID: 33070431 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001240rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin 1 is a neuronal endocytic protein that participates in vesicle formation by scission of invaginated membranes. Dynamin 1 is also expressed in the kidney; however, its physiological significance to this organ remains unknown. Here, we show that dynamin 1 is crucial for microtubule organization and stabilization in glomerular podocytes. By immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, dynamin 1 was concentrated at microtubules at primary processes in rat podocytes. By immunofluorescence of differentiated mouse podocytes (MPCs), dynamin 1 was often colocalized with microtubule bundles, which radially arranged toward periphery of expanded podocyte. In dynamin 1-depleted MPCs by RNAi, α-tubulin showed a dispersed linear filament-like localization, and microtubule bundles were rarely observed. Furthermore, dynamin 1 depletion resulted in the formation of discontinuous, short acetylated α-tubulin fragments, and the decrease of microtubule-rich protrusions. Dynamins 1 and 2 double-knockout podocytes showed dispersed acetylated α-tubulin and rare protrusions. In vitro, dynamin 1 polymerized around microtubules and cross-linked them into bundles, and increased their resistance to the disassembly-inducing reagents Ca2+ and podophyllotoxin. In addition, overexpression and depletion of dynamin 1 in MPCs increased and decreased the nocodazole resistance of microtubules, respectively. These results suggest that dynamin 1 supports the microtubule bundle formation and participates in the stabilization of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- The Mon La
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tachibana
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shun-Ai Li
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Abe
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sayaka Seiriki
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nagaoka
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takeda
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ogawa
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Makino
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ayuko Sakane
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Interdisciplinary Researches for Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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34
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Lin SS, Hsieh TL, Liou GG, Li TN, Lin HC, Chang CW, Wu HY, Yao CK, Liu YW. Dynamin-2 Regulates Postsynaptic Cytoskeleton Organization and Neuromuscular Junction Development. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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35
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Kitao R, Honma Y, Hashiguchi A, Mizoguchi K, Takashima H, Komori T. [A case of motor and sensory polyneuropathy and respiratory failure with novel heterozygous mutation of the senataxin gene]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2020; 60:466-472. [PMID: 32536663 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.60.cn-001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The patient was a 29-year-old male. He took his first steps at two-and-a-half years old, but his physical strength deteriorated and he became non-ambulatory at 12 years old. He had respiratory failure at the age of 20, and finally underwent tracheostomy with invasive positive-pressure ventilation (TPPV). He showed distal dominant muscle weakness and atrophy, including the face. Spinal scoliosis was recognized. He had peripheral predominance of sensory disorders. Nerve conduction studies showed a decrease of compound muscle action potential and a reduction of motor nerve conduction velocity. Sensory nerve action potential was not evoked. In genetic analysis, c.23 C> T (p. T8M) heterozygous mutation was found in the senataxin gene (SETX). Although SETX is a causative gene of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4 (ALS4), this case suggests that SETX mutation can also cause motor and sensory polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruriko Kitao
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hakone Hospital
| | - Yutaka Honma
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Shizuoka Fuji Hospital (Present address: Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Shizuoka Medical Center)
| | - Akihiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Kouichi Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Shizuoka Fuji Hospital (Present address: Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Shizuoka Medical Center)
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Tetsuo Komori
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hakone Hospital
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36
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Zhao M, Smith L, Volpatti J, Fabian L, Dowling JJ. Insights into wild-type dynamin 2 and the consequences of DNM2 mutations from transgenic zebrafish. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:4186-4196. [PMID: 31691805 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamin 2 (DNM2) encodes a ubiquitously expressed large GTPase with membrane fission capabilities that participates in the endocytosis of clathrin-coated vesicles. Heterozygous mutations in DNM2 are associated with two distinct neuromuscular disorders, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy (CNM). Despite extensive investigations in cell culture, the role of dynamin 2 in normal muscle development is poorly understood and the consequences of DNM2 mutations at the molecular level in vivo are not known. To address these gaps in knowledge, we developed transgenic zebrafish expressing either wild-type dynamin 2 or dynamin 2 with either a CNM or CMT mutation. Taking advantage of the live imaging capabilities of the zebrafish embryo, we establish the localization of wild-type and mutant dynamin 2 in vivo, showing for the first time distinctive dynamin 2 subcellular compartments. Additionally, we demonstrate that CNM-related DNM2 mutations are associated with protein mislocalization and aggregation. Lastly, we define core phenotypes associated with our transgenic mutant fish, including impaired motor function and altered muscle ultrastructure, making them the ideal platform for drug screening. Overall, using the power of the zebrafish, we establish novel insights into dynamin 2 localization and dynamics and provide the necessary groundwork for future studies examining dynamin 2 pathomechanisms and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhao
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lindsay Smith
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan Volpatti
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lacramioara Fabian
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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37
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Pereira JA, Gerber J, Ghidinelli M, Gerber D, Tortola L, Ommer A, Bachofner S, Santarella F, Tinelli E, Lin S, Rüegg MA, Kopf M, Toyka KV, Suter U. Mice carrying an analogous heterozygous dynamin 2 K562E mutation that causes neuropathy in humans develop predominant characteristics of a primary myopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:1253-1273. [PMID: 32129442 PMCID: PMC7254847 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some mutations affecting dynamin 2 (DNM2) can cause dominantly inherited Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. Here, we describe the analysis of mice carrying the DNM2 K562E mutation which has been associated with dominant-intermediate CMT type B (CMTDIB). Contrary to our expectations, heterozygous DNM2 K562E mutant mice did not develop definitive signs of an axonal or demyelinating neuropathy. Rather, we found a primary myopathy-like phenotype in these mice. A likely interpretation of these results is that the lack of a neuropathy in this mouse model has allowed the unmasking of a primary myopathy due to the DNM2 K562E mutation which might be overshadowed by the neuropathy in humans. Consequently, we hypothesize that a primary myopathy may also contribute to the disease mechanism in some CMTDIB patients. We propose that these findings should be considered in the evaluation of patients, the determination of the underlying disease processes and the development of tailored potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Pereira
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Gerber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Ghidinelli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Gerber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Tortola
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Ommer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Bachofner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Santarella
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Tinelli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shuo Lin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Rüegg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus V Toyka
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ueli Suter
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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Ates KM, Wang T, Moreland T, Veeranan-Karmegam R, Ma M, Jeter C, Anand P, Wenzel W, Kim HG, Wolfe LA, Stephen J, Adams DR, Markello T, Tifft CJ, Settlage R, Gahl WA, Gonsalvez GB, Malicdan MC, Flanagan-Steet H, Pan YA. Deficiency in the endocytic adaptor proteins PHETA1/2 impairs renal and craniofacial development. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm041913. [PMID: 32152089 PMCID: PMC7272357 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical barrier in the treatment of endosomal and lysosomal diseases is the lack of understanding of the in vivo functions of the putative causative genes. We addressed this by investigating a key pair of endocytic adaptor proteins, PH domain-containing endocytic trafficking adaptor 1 and 2 (PHETA1/2; also known as FAM109A/B, Ses1/2, IPIP27A/B), which interact with the protein product of OCRL, the causative gene for Lowe syndrome. Here, we conducted the first study of PHETA1/2 in vivo, utilizing the zebrafish system. We found that impairment of both zebrafish orthologs, pheta1 and pheta2, disrupted endocytosis and ciliogenesis in renal tissues. In addition, pheta1/2 mutant animals exhibited reduced jaw size and delayed chondrocyte differentiation, indicating a role in craniofacial development. Deficiency of pheta1/2 resulted in dysregulation of cathepsin K, which led to an increased abundance of type II collagen in craniofacial cartilages, a marker of immature cartilage extracellular matrix. Cathepsin K inhibition rescued the craniofacial phenotypes in the pheta1/2 double mutants. The abnormal renal and craniofacial phenotypes in the pheta1/2 mutant animals were consistent with the clinical presentation of a patient with a de novo arginine (R) to cysteine (C) variant (R6C) of PHETA1. Expressing the patient-specific variant in zebrafish exacerbated craniofacial deficits, suggesting that the R6C allele acts in a dominant-negative manner. Together, these results provide insights into the in vivo roles of PHETA1/2 and suggest that the R6C variant is contributory to the pathogenesis of disease in the patient.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Ates
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Trevor Moreland
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | | | - Manxiu Ma
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Chelsi Jeter
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Priya Anand
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshi Stephen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David R Adams
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Markello
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Settlage
- Advanced Research Computing Unit, Division of Information Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Graydon B Gonsalvez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - May Christine Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Y Albert Pan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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39
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Sun SC, Ma D, Li MY, Zhang RX, Huang C, Huang HJ, Xie YZ, Wang ZJ, Liu J, Cai DC, Liu CX, Yang Q, Bao FX, Gong XL, Li JR, Hui Z, Wei XF, Zhong JM, Zhou WJ, Shang X, Zhang C, Liu XG, Tang BS, Xiong F, Xu XM. Mutations in C1orf194, encoding a calcium regulator, cause dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Brain 2020; 142:2215-2229. [PMID: 31199454 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy exhibiting great clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Here, the identification of two heterozygous missense mutations in the C1orf194 gene at 1p21.2-p13.2 with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are reported. Specifically, the p.I122N mutation was the cause of an intermediate form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and the p.K28I missense mutation predominately led to the demyelinating form. Functional studies demonstrated that the p.K28I variant significantly reduced expression of the protein, but the p.I122N variant increased. In addition, the p.I122N mutant protein exhibited the aggregation in neuroblastoma cell lines and the patient's peroneal nerve. Either gain-of-function or partial loss-of-function mutations to C1ORF194 can specify different causal mechanisms responsible for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with a wide range of clinical severity. Moreover, a knock-in mouse model confirmed that the C1orf194 missense mutation p.I121N led to impairments in motor and neuromuscular functions, and aberrant myelination and axonal phenotypes. The loss of normal C1ORF194 protein altered intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and upregulated Ca2+ handling regulatory proteins. These findings describe a novel protein with vital functions in peripheral nervous systems and broaden the causes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, which open new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of related neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chang Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Yi Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Jie Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Zhi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Ju Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - De-Cheng Cai
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Xian Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Xiang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Gong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Ru Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Hui
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Zhong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Jun Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Shang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Guo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R.China
| | - Xiang-Min Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brian Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
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40
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Papadimas GK, Xirou S, Kararizou E, Papadopoulos C. Update on Congenital Myopathies in Adulthood. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103694. [PMID: 32456280 PMCID: PMC7279481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital myopathies (CMs) constitute a group of heterogenous rare inherited muscle diseases with different incidences. They are traditionally grouped based on characteristic histopathological findings revealed on muscle biopsy. In recent decades, the ever-increasing application of modern genetic technologies has not just improved our understanding of their pathophysiology, but also expanded their phenotypic spectrum and contributed to a more genetically based approach for their classification. Later onset forms of CMs are increasingly recognised. They are often considered milder with slower progression, variable clinical presentations and different modes of inheritance. We reviewed the key features and genetic basis of late onset CMs with a special emphasis on those forms that may first manifest in adulthood.
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Yarwood R, Hellicar J, Woodman PG, Lowe M. Membrane trafficking in health and disease. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/4/dmm043448. [PMID: 32433026 PMCID: PMC7197876 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking pathways are essential for the viability and growth of cells, and play a major role in the interaction of cells with their environment. In this At a Glance article and accompanying poster, we outline the major cellular trafficking pathways and discuss how defects in the function of the molecular machinery that mediates this transport lead to various diseases in humans. We also briefly discuss possible therapeutic approaches that may be used in the future treatment of trafficking-based disorders. Summary: This At a Glance article and poster summarise the major intracellular membrane trafficking pathways and associated molecular machineries, and describe how defects in these give rise to disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Yarwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - John Hellicar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philip G Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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42
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Beijer D, Sisto A, Van Lent J, Baets J, Timmerman V. Defects in Axonal Transport in Inherited Neuropathies. J Neuromuscul Dis 2020; 6:401-419. [PMID: 31561383 PMCID: PMC6918914 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-190427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Axonal transport is a highly complex process essential for sustaining proper neuronal functioning. Disturbances can result in an altered neuronal homeostasis, aggregation of cargoes, and ultimately a dying-back degeneration of neurons. The impact of dysfunction in axonal transport is shown by genetic defects in key proteins causing a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, including inherited peripheral neuropathies. In this review, we provide an overview of the cytoskeletal components, molecular motors and adaptor proteins involved in axonal transport mechanisms and their implication in neuronal functioning. In addition, we discuss the involvement of axonal transport dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases with a particular focus on inherited peripheral neuropathies. Lastly, we address some recent scientific advances most notably in therapeutic strategies employed in the area of axonal transport, patient-derived iPSC models, in vivo animal models, antisense-oligonucleotide treatments, and novel chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Beijer
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Neurogenetics Laboratory, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Angela Sisto
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Neurogenetics Laboratory, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jonas Van Lent
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Neurogenetics Laboratory, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Neurogenetics Laboratory, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Neurology Department, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Neurogenetics Laboratory, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerpen, Belgium
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43
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Ravnik-Glavač M, Glavač D. Circulating RNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051714. [PMID: 32138249 PMCID: PMC7084402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex multi-system neurodegenerative disorder with currently limited diagnostic and no therapeutic options. Despite the intense efforts no clinically applicable biomarkers for ALS are yet established. Most current research is thus focused, in particular, in identifying potential non-invasive circulating biomarkers for more rapid and accurate diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. In this review, we have focused on messenger RNA (mRNA), non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNA (circRNAs) as potential biomarkers for ALS in peripheral blood serum, plasma and cells. The most promising miRNAs include miR-206, miR-133b, miR-27a, mi-338-3p, miR-183, miR-451, let-7 and miR-125b. To test clinical potential of this miRNA panel, a useful approach may be to perform such analysis on larger multi-center scale using similar experimental design. However, other types of RNAs (lncRNAs, circRNAs and mRNAs) that, together with miRNAs, represent RNA networks, have not been yet extensively studied in blood samples of patients with ALS. Additional research has to be done in order to find robust circulating biomarkers and therapeutic targets that will distinguish key RNA interactions in specific ALS-types to facilitate diagnosis, predict progression and design therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metka Ravnik-Glavač
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (M.R.-G.); (D.G.)
| | - Damjan Glavač
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (M.R.-G.); (D.G.)
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Abstract
Owing to their ability to efficiently generate ATP required to sustain normal cell function, mitochondria are often considered the 'powerhouses of the cell'. However, our understanding of the role of mitochondria in cell biology recently expanded when we recognized that they are key platforms for a plethora of cell signalling cascades. This functional versatility is tightly coupled to constant reshaping of the cellular mitochondrial network in a series of processes, collectively referred to as mitochondrial membrane dynamics and involving organelle fusion and fission (division) as well as ultrastructural remodelling of the membrane. Accordingly, mitochondrial dynamics influence and often orchestrate not only metabolism but also complex cell signalling events, such as those involved in regulating cell pluripotency, division, differentiation, senescence and death. Reciprocally, mitochondrial membrane dynamics are extensively regulated by post-translational modifications of its machinery and by the formation of membrane contact sites between mitochondria and other organelles, both of which have the capacity to integrate inputs from various pathways. Here, we discuss mitochondrial membrane dynamics and their regulation and describe how bioenergetics and cellular signalling are linked to these dynamic changes of mitochondrial morphology.
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45
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Hahn I, Voelzmann A, Liew YT, Costa-Gomes B, Prokop A. The model of local axon homeostasis - explaining the role and regulation of microtubule bundles in axon maintenance and pathology. Neural Dev 2019; 14:11. [PMID: 31706327 PMCID: PMC6842214 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-019-0134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons are the slender, cable-like, up to meter-long projections of neurons that electrically wire our brains and bodies. In spite of their challenging morphology, they usually need to be maintained for an organism's lifetime. This makes them key lesion sites in pathological processes of ageing, injury and neurodegeneration. The morphology and physiology of axons crucially depends on the parallel bundles of microtubules (MTs), running all along to serve as their structural backbones and highways for life-sustaining cargo transport and organelle dynamics. Understanding how these bundles are formed and then maintained will provide important explanations for axon biology and pathology. Currently, much is known about MTs and the proteins that bind and regulate them, but very little about how these factors functionally integrate to regulate axon biology. As an attempt to bridge between molecular mechanisms and their cellular relevance, we explain here the model of local axon homeostasis, based on our own experiments in Drosophila and published data primarily from vertebrates/mammals as well as C. elegans. The model proposes that (1) the physical forces imposed by motor protein-driven transport and dynamics in the confined axonal space, are a life-sustaining necessity, but pose a strong bias for MT bundles to become disorganised. (2) To counterbalance this risk, MT-binding and -regulating proteins of different classes work together to maintain and protect MT bundles as necessary transport highways. Loss of balance between these two fundamental processes can explain the development of axonopathies, in particular those linking to MT-regulating proteins, motors and transport defects. With this perspective in mind, we hope that more researchers incorporate MTs into their work, thus enhancing our chances of deciphering the complex regulatory networks that underpin axon biology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Hahn
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - André Voelzmann
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Yu-Ting Liew
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Beatriz Costa-Gomes
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Andreas Prokop
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, School of Biology, Manchester, UK.
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46
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Previtali SC, Zhao E, Lazarevic D, Pipitone GB, Fabrizi GM, Manganelli F, Mazzeo A, Pareyson D, Schenone A, Taroni F, Vita G, Bellone E, Ferrarini M, Garibaldi M, Magri S, Padua L, Pennisi E, Pisciotta C, Riva N, Scaioli V, Scarlato M, Tozza S, Geroldi A, Jordanova A, Ferrari M, Molineris I, Reilly MM, Comi G, Carrera P, Devoto M, Bolino A. Expanding the spectrum of genes responsible for hereditary motor neuropathies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:1171-1179. [PMID: 31167812 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-320717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) represent a broad group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorders, including axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2) and hereditary motor neuropathy (HMN). Approximately 60%-70% of cases with HMN/CMT2 still remain without a genetic diagnosis. Interestingly, mutations in HMN/CMT2 genes may also be responsible for motor neuron disorders or other neuromuscular diseases, suggesting a broad phenotypic spectrum of clinically and genetically related conditions. Thus, it is of paramount importance to identify novel causative variants in HMN/CMT2 patients to better predict clinical outcome and progression. METHODS We designed a collaborative study for the identification of variants responsible for HMN/CMT2. We collected 15 HMN/CMT2 families with evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance, who had tested negative for mutations in 94 known IPN genes, who underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES) analyses. Candidate genes identified by WES were sequenced in an additional cohort of 167 familial or sporadic HMN/CMT2 patients using next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel analysis. RESULTS Bioinformatic analyses led to the identification of novel or very rare variants in genes, which have not been previously associated with HMN/CMT2 (ARHGEF28, KBTBD13, AGRN and GNE); in genes previously associated with HMN/CMT2 but in combination with different clinical phenotypes (VRK1 and PNKP), and in the SIGMAR1 gene, which has been linked to HMN/CMT2 in only a few cases. These findings were further validated by Sanger sequencing, segregation analyses and functional studies. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes that can be associated with a specific disease gene, as well as the complexity of the pathogenesis of neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano C Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Edward Zhao
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Pipitone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Biology and Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fabrizi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Mazzeo
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Schenone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, and IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emilia Bellone
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, and IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Moreno Ferrarini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Garibaldi
- Unit of Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Magri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Padua
- Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Pisciotta
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Vidmer Scaioli
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Scarlato
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Tozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Geroldi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, and IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Albena Jordanova
- VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maurizio Ferrari
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Biology and Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Ivan Molineris
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Carrera
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Biology and Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bolino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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Abstract
Protein coats are supramolecular complexes that assemble on the cytosolic face of membranes to promote cargo sorting and transport carrier formation in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. Several types of protein coats have been described, including COPI, COPII, AP-1, AP-2, AP-3, AP-4, AP-5, and retromer, which operate at different stages of the endomembrane system. Defects in these coats impair specific transport pathways, compromising the function and viability of the cells. In humans, mutations in subunits of these coats cause various congenital diseases that are collectively referred to as coatopathies. In this article, we review the fundamental properties of protein coats and the diseases that result from mutation of their constituent subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban C Dell'Angelica
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
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Eaton N, Drew C, Wieser J, Munday AD, Falet H. Dynamin 2 is required for GPVI signaling and platelet hemostatic function in mice. Haematologica 2019; 105:1414-1423. [PMID: 31296575 PMCID: PMC7193499 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.218644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis, which contributes to a wide range of cellular functions, including receptor signaling, cell adhesion, and migration, requires endocytic vesicle release by the large GTPase dynamin 2. Here, the role of dynamin 2 was investigated in platelet hemostatic function using both pharmacological and genetic approaches. Dnm2fl/fl Pf4-Cre (Dnm2Plt−/−) mice specifically lacking dynamin 2 within the platelet lineage developed severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding diathesis and Dnm2Plt−/− platelets adhered poorly to collagen under arterial shear rates. Signaling via the collagen receptor GPVI was impaired in platelets treated with the dynamin GTPase inhibitor dynasore, as evidenced by poor protein tyrosine phosphorylation, including that of the proximal tyrosine kinase Lyn on its activating tyrosine 396 residue. Platelet stimulation via GPVI resulted in a slight decrease in GPVI, which was maintained by dynasore treatment. Dynasore-treated platelets had attenuated function when stimulated via GPVI, as evidenced by reduced GPIbα downregulation, α-granule release, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and spreading onto immobilized fibrinogen. By contrast, responses to the G-protein coupled receptor agonist thrombin were minimally affected by dynasore treatment. GPVI expression was severely reduced in Dnm2Plt−/− platelets, which were dysfunctional in response to stimulation via GPVI, and to a lesser extent to thrombin. Dnm2Plt−/− platelets lacked fibrinogen in their α-granules, but retained von Willebrand factor. Taken together, the data show that dynamin 2 plays a proximal role in signaling via the collagen receptor GPVI and is required for fibrinogen uptake and normal platelet hemostatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Eaton
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Caleb Drew
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Jon Wieser
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Adam D Munday
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hervé Falet
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI .,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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49
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Nam SH, Choi BO. Clinical and genetic aspects of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease subtypes. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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50
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Ali T, Bednarska J, Vassilopoulos S, Tran M, Diakonov IA, Ziyadeh-Isleem A, Guicheney P, Gorelik J, Korchev YE, Reilly MM, Bitoun M, Shevchuk A. Correlative SICM-FCM reveals changes in morphology and kinetics of endocytic pits induced by disease-associated mutations in dynamin. FASEB J 2019; 33:8504-8518. [PMID: 31017801 PMCID: PMC6593877 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802635r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin 2 (DNM2) is a GTP-binding protein that controls endocytic vesicle scission and defines a whole class of dynamin-dependent endocytosis, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis by caveoli. It has been suggested that mutations in the DNM2 gene, associated with 3 inherited diseases, disrupt endocytosis. However, how exactly mutations affect the nanoscale morphology of endocytic machinery has never been studied. In this paper, we used live correlative scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) and fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) to study how disease-associated mutations affect the morphology and kinetics of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) by directly following their dynamics of formation, maturation, and internalization in skin fibroblasts from patients with centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and in Cos-7 cells expressing corresponding dynamin mutants. Using SICM-FCM, which we have developed, we show how p.R465W mutation disrupts pit structure, preventing its maturation and internalization, and significantly increases the lifetime of CCPs. Differently, p.R522H slows down the formation of CCPs without affecting their internalization. We also found that CNM mutations in DNM2 affect the distribution of caveoli and reduce dorsal ruffling in human skin fibroblasts. Collectively, our SICM-FCM findings at single CCP level, backed up by electron microscopy data, argue for the impairment of several forms of endocytosis in DNM2-linked CNM.-Ali, T., Bednarska, J., Vassilopoulos, S., Tran, M., Diakonov, I. A., Ziyadeh-Isleem, A., Guicheney, P., Gorelik, J., Korchev, Y. E., Reilly, M. M., Bitoun, M., Shevchuk, A. Correlative SICM-FCM reveals changes in morphology and kinetics of endocytic pits induced by disease-associated mutations in dynamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyibah Ali
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Bednarska
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphane Vassilopoulos
- Research Center for Myology, Institut de Myologie, UMRS 974, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Martin Tran
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan A Diakonov
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Azza Ziyadeh-Isleem
- UMRS 1166, INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France.,UMRS 1166, Sorbonne Universités-Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Pascale Guicheney
- UMRS 1166, INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France.,UMRS 1166, Sorbonne Universités-Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuri E Korchev
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Bitoun
- Research Center for Myology, Institut de Myologie, UMRS 974, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Andrew Shevchuk
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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