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Nakka NMR, Rachamala HK, Angom RS, Indla NR, Dutta SK, Wang E, Bhattacharya S, Sesha Sainath AV, Babiker H, Pal K, Mukhopadhyay D. Dual drug-loaded tumor-targeted polymeric nanoparticles for enhancing therapeutic response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101199. [PMID: 39205875 PMCID: PMC11357805 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease where standard-of-care chemotherapeutic drugs have limited efficacy due to the development of drug resistance and poor drug delivery caused by a highly desmoplastic tumor microenvironment. Combining multiple drugs in a tumor-targeting carrier would be a favorable approach to overcome these limitations. Hence, a tumor-targeted peptide (TTP) conjugated amphiphilic tri-block copolymer was developed to make targeted polymer nanoparticles (TTP-PNPs) serving as a vehicle for carrying gemcitabine (Gem), paclitaxel (PTX), and their combination (Gem + PTX). The TTP-PNPs in the form of empty polymer (P), single drug-loaded [P(Gem) and P(PTX)], and dual drug-loaded [P(Gem + PTX)] polymer nanoformulations exhibited stable and homogenous spherical shapes with 110-160 nm size. These nanoformulations demonstrated excellent stability under in vitro physiological conditions and led to an efficient release of the drugs in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH). The efficacy of these nanoparticles was thoroughly evaluated in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating a notable capacity to selectively target and restrict PDAC cells (PANC-1 and KPC) growth. The cellular uptake and biodistribution study showed a significantly higher tumor-targeting ability of TTP-PNPs than PNPs without TTP. Notably, P(Gem + PTX) exhibited the lowest IC50 compared to all other controls and showed heightened synergistic effects in both cell lines. Furthermore, P(Gem + PTX) showed a significantly better tumor reduction and median overall survival in mouse models than single drug-loaded TTP-PNPs or a combination of free drugs (Gem + PTX). In summary, our TTP-PNP system shows great promise as a novel platform for delivering Gem + PTX specifically to pancreatic cancer (PC), maximizing the therapeutic benefits with lower concentrations of the drugs and potentially reducing toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Malleswara Rao Nakka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hari Krishnareddy Rachamala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Nagamalleswara Rao Indla
- Polymers and Functional Materials and Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shamit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Annadanam V. Sesha Sainath
- Polymers and Functional Materials and Fluoro-Agrochemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Hani Babiker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Krishnendu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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Webb MJ, Kottke T, Kendall BL, Swanson J, Uzendu C, Tonne J, Thompson J, Metko M, Moore M, Borad M, Roberts L, Diaz RM, Olin M, Borgatti A, Vile R. Trap and ambush therapy using sequential primary and tumor escape-selective oncolytic viruses. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 29:129-142. [PMID: 37313455 PMCID: PMC10258242 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple models of oncolytic virotherapy, it is common to see an early anti-tumor response followed by recurrence. We have previously shown that frontline treatment with oncolytic VSV-IFN-β induces APOBEC proteins, promoting the selection of specific mutations that allow tumor escape. Of these mutations in B16 melanoma escape (ESC) cells, a C-T point mutation in the cold shock domain-containing E1 (CSDE1) gene was present at the highest frequency, which could be used to ambush ESC cells by vaccination with the mutant CSDE1 expressed within the virus. Here, we show that the evolution of viral ESC tumor cells harboring the escape-promoting CSDE1C-T mutation can also be exploited by a virological ambush. By sequential delivery of two oncolytic VSVs in vivo, tumors which would otherwise escape VSV-IFN-β oncolytic virotherapy could be cured. This also facilitated the priming of anti-tumor T cell responses, which could be further exploited using immune checkpoint blockade with the CD200 activation receptor ligand (CD200AR-L) peptide. Our findings here are significant in that they offer the possibility to develop oncolytic viruses as highly specific, escape-targeting viro-immunotherapeutic agents to be used in conjunction with recurrence of tumors following multiple different types of frontline cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason J. Webb
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Timothy Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Jack Swanson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chisom Uzendu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Muriel Metko
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Madelyn Moore
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mitesh Borad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Lewis Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rosa M. Diaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael Olin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Antonella Borgatti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Clinical Investigation Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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3
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Wu M, Zhang X, Zhang W, Yan L, Liu X, Zhang M, Pan Y, Lobie PE, Han X, Zhu T. Paracrine secretion of IL8 by breast cancer stem cells promotes therapeutic resistance and metastasis of the bulk tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:59. [PMID: 36915147 PMCID: PMC10009947 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast tumors consist of heterogeneous cellular subpopulations that differ in molecular properties and functional attributes. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play pivotal roles in cancer therapeutic failure and metastasis. However, it remains indeterminate how CSCs determine the progression of the bulk cancer cell population. METHODS Co-culture systems in vitro and co-implantation systems in vivo were designed to characterize the interactions between breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and bulk cancer cells. RNA sequencing was performed to study the functional and mechanistic implications of the BCSC secretome on bulk cancer cells. A cytokine antibody array was employed to screen the differentially secreted cytokines in the BCSC secretome. Tail vein injection metastatic models and orthotopic xenograft models were applied to study the therapeutic potential of targeting IL8. RESULTS We identified that the BCSC secretome potentiated estrogen receptor (ER) activity in the bulk cancer cell population. The BCSC secretome rendered the bulk cancer cell population resistant to anti-estrogen and CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy; as well as increased the metastatic burden attributable to bulk cancer cells. Screening of the BCSC secretome identified IL8 as a pivotal factor that potentiated ERα activity, endowed tamoxifen resistance and enhanced metastatic burden by regulation of bulk cancer cell behavior. Pharmacological inhibition of IL8 increased the efficacy of fulvestrant and/or palbociclib by reversing tamoxifen resistance and abrogated metastatic burden. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study delineates the mechanism by which BCSCs determine the therapeutic response and metastasis of bulk cancer cells; and thereby suggests potential therapeutic strategies to ameliorate breast cancer outcomes. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Linlin Yan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangtian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Xinghua Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China. .,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
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4
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Antineoplastic agents in chemotherapy facilitating tumor growth and angiogenesis in the interval administrations. Life Sci 2022; 310:121089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Gao C, Cheng K, Li Y, Gong R, Zhao X, Nie G, Ren H. Injectable Immunotherapeutic Hydrogel Containing RNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles Reshapes Tumor Microenvironment for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8801-8809. [PMID: 36251255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer immunotherapy is becoming a promising strategy for improving the survival rate of postsurgical patients. However, the low response rate to immunotherapy suggests a low number of antigen-specific T cells and a high number of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Herein, we developed an in situ injectable thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel loaded with lipid-immune regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) mRNA/C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) siRNA (LPR) nanoparticle complexes (LPR@CHG) that reprogram the antitumoral immune niche. The LPR@CHG hydrogel upregulates IRF5 and downregulates CCL5 secretion, which contribute to a significant increase in M1 phenotype macrophages. Tumor growth is controlled by effective M1 phenotype macrophage that initiate T cell-mediated immune responses. Overall, the LPR@CHG hydrogel is expected to be a meaningful immunotherapy platform that can reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and improve the efficacy of current pancreatic immunotherapies while minimizing systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Keman Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ruining Gong
- Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Ren
- Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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6
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Pessach I, Spyropoulos T, Lamprianidou E, Kotsianidis I. MRD Monitoring by Multiparametric Flow Cytometry in AML: Is It Time to Incorporate Immune Parameters? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174294. [PMID: 36077826 PMCID: PMC9454571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Measurable residual disease (MRD) is emerging as an important prognostic and predictive biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, its use is currently hampered by the disparity and lack of harmonization between the available MRD methodologies. In addition, the current assessment of MRD in AML focuses only on the quantification of the residual leukemic burden, without addressing the parallel alterations of the antineoplastic immune response that can critically affect the course and outcome of AML, often despite MRD persistence. Incorporating parameters of immune competence provides more consistency with the biological concept of MRD and may lead to higher accuracy. Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is a highly efficacious and sensitive technology for the thorough and synchronous investigation of the kinetics of both antitumor immunity and the leukemic clone. MFC-based MRD provides the platform for the development of a composite leukemia- and immune-based biomarker which can outcompete the current MRD assessment. Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of clonal myeloid disorders characterized by intrinsic molecular variability. Pretreatment cytogenetic and mutational profiles only partially inform prognosis in AML, whereas relapse is driven by residual leukemic clones and mere morphological evaluation is insensitive for relapse prediction. Measurable residual disease (MRD), an independent post-diagnostic prognosticator, has recently been introduced by the European Leukemia Net as a new outcome definition. However, MRD techniques are not yet standardized, thus precluding its use as a surrogate endpoint for survival in clinical trials and MRD-guided strategies in real-life clinical practice. AML resistance and relapse involve a complex interplay between clonal and immune cells, which facilitates the evasion of the leukemic clone and which is not taken into account when merely quantifying the residual leukemia. Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) offers the possibility of capturing an overall picture of the above interactions at the single cell level and can simultaneously assess the competence of anticancer immune response and the levels of residual clonal cells. In this review, we focus on the current status of MFC-based MRD in diverse AML treatment settings and introduce a novel perspective of combined immune and leukemia cell profiling for MRD assessment in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Pessach
- Department of Hematology, Athens Medical Center, 11634 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Spyropoulos
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Lamprianidou
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kotsianidis
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +30-25-5103-0320; Fax: +30-25-5107-6154
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Combination therapy with CAR T cells and oncolytic viruses: a new era in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:647-660. [PMID: 34158626 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an encouraging and fast-growing platform used for the treatment of various types of tumors in human body. Despite the recent success of CAR T-cell therapy in hematologic malignancies, especially in B-cell lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the application of this treatment approach in solid tumors faced several obstacles resulted from the heterogeneous expression of antigens as well as the induction of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is a new cancer treatment modality by the use of competent or genetically engineered viruses to replicate in tumor cells selectively. OVs represent potential candidates to synergize the current setbacks of CAR T-cell application in solid tumors and then and overcome them. As well, the application of OVs gives researches the ability to engineer the virus with payloads in the way that it selectively deliver a specific therapeutic agents in tumor milieu to reinforce the cytotoxic activity of CAR T cells. Herein, we made a comprehensive review on the outcomes resulted from the combination of CAR T-cell immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy for the treatment of solid cancers. In the current study, we also provided brief details on some challenges that remained in this field and attempted to shed a little light on the future perspectives.
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Gu S, Xu J, Teng W, Huang X, Mei H, Chen X, Nie G, Cui Z, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang K. Local delivery of biocompatible lentinan/chitosan composite for prolonged inhibition of postoperative breast cancer recurrence. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:233-245. [PMID: 34871653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Postsurgical localized chemotherapy for breast cancer recurrence (BCR) still faces many problems which dampen researchers' enthusiasm and discounted prognosis. Simple strategies with controllable toxicities are expected to address these hurdles. Lentinan (LNT) has excellent biocompatibility and notable antitumor activity but rather low bioavailability after intravenous or oral administration. Here, a sponge-like LNT/chitosan composite (LNT/CS sponge) was prepared for efficient local delivery to prevent postoperative BCR. The obtained sponges exhibit uniform porosity and sustained release of LNT in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the sponges were implanted and showed significant reduction of postsurgical recurrence and suppression of long-term tumor regrowth with favorable biocompatibility in a subcutaneous postsurgical recurrence mouse model. Subsequent studies revealed that LNT can restrain the stemness of breast cancer cells, which may account for the long-term inhibition of tumor relapse. Therefore, LNT/CS sponge has a great potential as a promising alternative for postsurgical BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Wangtianzi Teng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xinting Chen
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, 315010 Ningbo, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiqiu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), NOD-Like Receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-Like Receptors (RLRs) in Innate Immunity. TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs Ligands as Immunotherapeutic Agents for Hematopoietic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413397. [PMID: 34948194 PMCID: PMC8704656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a pivotal role in the first line of host defense against infections and is equipped with patterns recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Several classes of PRRS, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) recognize distinct microbial components and directly activate immune cells. TLRs are transmembrane receptors, while NLRs and RLRs are intracellular molecules. Exposure of immune cells to the ligands of these receptors activates intracellular signaling cascades that rapidly induce the expression of a variety of overlapping and unique genes involved in the inflammatory and immune responses. The innate immune system also influences pathways involved in cancer immunosurveillance. Natural and synthetic agonists of TLRs, NLRs, or RLRs can trigger cell death in malignant cells, recruit immune cells, such as DCs, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells, into the tumor microenvironment, and are being explored as promising adjuvants in cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we provide a concise overview of TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs: their structure, functions, signaling pathways, and regulation. We also describe various ligands for these receptors and their possible application in treatment of hematopoietic diseases.
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A Blueprint for Cancer-Related Inflammation and Host Innate Immunity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113211. [PMID: 34831432 PMCID: PMC8623541 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Both in situ and allograft models of cancer in juvenile and adult Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies offer a powerful means for unravelling cancer gene networks and cancer-host interactions. They can also be used as tools for cost-effective drug discovery and repurposing. Moreover, in situ modeling of emerging tumors makes it possible to address cancer initiating events-a black box in cancer research, tackle the innate antitumor immune responses to incipient preneoplastic cells and recurrent growing tumors, and decipher the initiation and evolution of inflammation. These studies in Drosophila melanogaster can serve as a blueprint for studies in more complex organisms and help in the design of mechanism-based therapies for the individualized treatment of cancer diseases in humans. This review focuses on new discoveries in Drosophila related to the diverse innate immune responses to cancer-related inflammation and the systemic effects that are so detrimental to the host.
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Aran V, Heringer M, da Mata PJ, Kasuki L, Miranda RL, Andreiuolo F, Chimelli L, Filho PN, Gadelha MR, Neto VM. Identification of mutant K-RAS in pituitary macroadenoma. Pituitary 2021; 24:746-753. [PMID: 33954928 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-021-01151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE RAS genes are among the most frequently mutated genes in cancer, where their mutation frequency varies according to the distinct RAS isoforms and tumour types. Despite occurring more prevalent in malignant tumours, RAS mutations were also observed in few benign tumours. Pituitary adenomas are examples of benign tumours which vary in size and aggressiveness. The present study was performed to investigate, via liquid biopsy and tissue analysis, the presence of K-RAS mutations in a pituitary macroadenoma. METHODS Molecular analysis was performed to investigate K-RAS mutations using the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method by evaluating both plasma (liquid biopsy) and the solid tumour of a patient diagnosed with a giant clinically non-functioning pituitary tumour. RESULTS The patient underwent surgical resection due to visual loss, and the histopathological analysis showed a gonadotrophic pituitary macroadenoma. The molecular analysis revealed the presence of mutant K-RAS both in the plasma and in the tumour tissue which, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported in the literature. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the exceptional capacity of the digital PCR in detecting low frequency mutations (below 1%), since we detected, for the first time, K-RAS mutations in pituitary macroadenoma. The potential impact of K-RAS mutations in these tumours should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Aran
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rua do Rezende156-Centro, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Brazil.
| | - Manoela Heringer
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rua do Rezende156-Centro, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Paulo Jose da Mata
- Neurosurgery Division, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Kasuki
- Neuroendocrine Division, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Endocrine Unit and Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renan Lyra Miranda
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Andreiuolo
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leila Chimelli
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Niemeyer Filho
- Neurosurgery Division, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monica Roberto Gadelha
- Neuroendocrine Division, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Endocrine Unit and Neuroendocrinology Research Center, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura Neto
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rua do Rezende156-Centro, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-092, Brazil
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12
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Leng Q, Li Y, Zhou P, Xiong K, Lu Y, Cui Y, Wang B, Wu Z, Zhao L, Fu S. Injectable hydrogel loaded with paclitaxel and epirubicin to prevent postoperative recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112390. [PMID: 34579909 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Post-operative recurrence and metastasis is a major challenge for breast cancer treatment. Local chemotherapy is a promising strategy that can overcome this problem. In this study, we synthesized an injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) nanoparticles and epirubicin (EPB) (PPNPs/EPB@HA-Gel). PPNPs/EPB@HA-Gel steadily released the encapsulated drugs to achieve long-term inhibition of tumor recurrence and metastasis in a murine post-operative breast tumor model, which prolonged their survival without any systemic toxicity. The drug-loaded hydrogel inhibited the proliferation and migration of tumor cells in vitro, and significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. Therefore, PPNPs/EPB@HA-Gel can be used as a local chemotherapeutic agent to prevent postoperative recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingQing Leng
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Kang Xiong
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - YongXia Cui
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - BiQiong Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - ZhouXue Wu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - ShaoZhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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13
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Vile RG, Melcher A, Pandha H, Harrington KJ, Pulido JS. APOBEC and Cancer Viroimmunotherapy: Thinking the Unthinkable. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3280-3290. [PMID: 33558423 PMCID: PMC8281496 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) family protects against infection by degrading incoming viral genomes through cytosine deamination. Here, we review how the potential to unleash these potent DNA mutagens comes at a price as APOBEC DNA mutagenesis can contribute to development of multiple types of cancer. In addition, because viral infection induces its expression, APOBEC is seen as the enemy of oncolytic virotherapy through mutation of the viral genome and by generating virotherapy-resistant tumors. Therefore, overall APOBEC in cancer has received very poor press. However, we also speculate how there may be silver linings to the storm clouds (kataegis) associated with APOBEC activity. Thus, although mutagenic genomic chaos promotes emergence of ever more aggressive subclones, it also provides significant opportunity for cytotoxic and immune therapies. In particular, the superpower of cancer immunotherapy derives in part from mutation, wherein generation of tumor neoantigens-neoantigenesis-exposes tumor cells to functional T-cell repertoires, and susceptibility to immune checkpoint blockade. Moreover, APOBECs may be able to induce suprathreshold levels of cellular mutation leading to mitotic catastrophe and direct tumor cell killing. Finally, we discuss the possibility that linking predictable APOBEC-induced mutation with escape from specific frontline therapies could identify mutated molecules/pathways that can be targeted with small molecules and/or immunotherapies in a Trap and Ambush strategy. Together, these considerations lead to the counterintuitive hypothesis that, instead of attempting to expunge and excoriate APOBEC activity in cancer therapy, it might be exploited-and even, counterintuitively, encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alan Melcher
- The Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Surrey Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- The Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Will's Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Kottke T, Tonne J, Evgin L, Driscoll CB, van Vloten J, Jennings VA, Huff AL, Zell B, Thompson JM, Wongthida P, Pulido J, Schuelke MR, Samson A, Selby P, Ilett E, McNiven M, Roberts LR, Borad MJ, Pandha H, Harrington K, Melcher A, Vile RG. Oncolytic virotherapy induced CSDE1 neo-antigenesis restricts VSV replication but can be targeted by immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1930. [PMID: 33772027 PMCID: PMC7997928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In our clinical trials of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus expressing interferon beta (VSV-IFNβ), several patients achieved initial responses followed by aggressive relapse. We show here that VSV-IFNβ-escape tumors predictably express a point-mutated CSDE1P5S form of the RNA-binding Cold Shock Domain-containing E1 protein, which promotes escape as an inhibitor of VSV replication by disrupting viral transcription. Given time, VSV-IFNβ evolves a compensatory mutation in the P/M Inter-Genic Region which rescues replication in CSDE1P5S cells. These data show that CSDE1 is a major cellular co-factor for VSV replication. However, CSDE1P5S also generates a neo-epitope recognized by non-tolerized T cells. We exploit this predictable neo-antigenesis to drive, and trap, tumors into an escape phenotype, which can be ambushed by vaccination against CSDE1P5S, preventing tumor escape. Combining frontline therapy with escape-targeting immunotherapy will be applicable across multiple therapies which drive tumor mutation/evolution and simultaneously generate novel, targetable immunopeptidomes associated with acquired treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jacob van Vloten
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Victoria A Jennings
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brady Zell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jill M Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jose Pulido
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Adel Samson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Selby
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ilett
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark McNiven
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alan Melcher
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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15
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Drug delivery systems based on CD44-targeted glycosaminoglycans for cancer therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117103. [PMID: 33142641 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide-based biomaterials hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) have aroused great interest for use in drug delivery systems for tumor therapy, as they have outstanding biocompatibility and great targeting ability for cluster determinant 44 (CD44). In addition, modified HA and CS can self-assemble into micelles or micellar nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted drug delivery. This review discusses the formation of HA- and CS-based NPs, and various types of CS-based NPs including CS-drug conjugates, CS-polymer NPs, CS-small molecule NPs, polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes (PECs), CS-metal NPs, and nanogels. We then focus on the applications of HA- and CS-based NPs in tumor chemotherapy, gene therapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and immunotherapy. Finally, this review is expected to provide guidelines for the development of various HA- and CS-based NPs used in multiple cancer therapies.
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16
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Hu PY, Fan XM, Zhang YN, Wang SB, Wan WJ, Pan HY, Mou XZ. The limiting factors of oncolytic virus immunotherapy and the approaches to overcome them. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8231-8242. [PMID: 32816087 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy is characterized by viruses which specifically target cancer cells and cause their cytolysis. They provide a unique and promising new tool for the eradication of cancer as they interact with and affect the tumor microenvironment (TME), vasculature, and immune system. Advancements of genetic engineering have allowed for these viruses to be armed in such a way to have enhanced targeting, strong immunomodulation properties, and an ability to modify the TME. However, there are still major limitations in their use, mostly due to difficulties in delivering the viral particles to the tumors and in ensuring that the immunomodulatory properties are able to stimulate the host immune response to mount a complete response. Using novel delivery systems and using OVs as a complementary therapy in a combinatorial treatment have shown some significant successes. In this review, we discuss the major issues and difficulties in using OVs as anti-tumor agents and some of the strategies put in place so far to overcome these limitations. KEY POINTS: • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) infect cancer cells and cause their cytolysis. • The major limitations in using OVs as anti-tumor therapy were discussed. • The potential strategies to overcome these limitations were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yang Hu
- Department of Traumatology, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People's Hospital), Taizhou, 317200, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - You-Ni Zhang
- Department of Traumatology, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People's Hospital), Taizhou, 317200, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wei-Jie Wan
- Shandong Xiandai University, Jinan, 250104, China
| | - Hong-Ying Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China. .,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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17
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Gao F, Xie W, Miao Y, Wang D, Guo Z, Ghosal A, Li Y, Wei Y, Feng S, Zhao L, Fan HM. Magnetic Hydrogel with Optimally Adaptive Functions for Breast Cancer Recurrence Prevention. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900203. [PMID: 30985089 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Engineering biocompatible hydrogels using functional nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention because of their uniquely appealing cooperative effects that can enable multimodality imaging and treatment with improved efficacy against serious diseases. However, the effects of high-content nanoparticle dopants on the rheological properties of hydrogels frequently lead to an unsatisfactory therapeutic result, which is particularly notable in the design of magnetic hydrogel formulations for cancer therapy. Herein is reported a novel magnetic hydrogel functionalized by ferromagnetic vortex-domain iron oxide (FVIOs) with optimally adaptive functions for prevention of breast cancer recurrence. The FVIOs can perfectly incorporate into the dynamic hydrogel networks with an extremely low concentration (0.6 mg mL-1 ), 17 times lower than that of conventional superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with sufficient heating capacity. Such magnetic hydrogels exhibit high inductive heating and remarkable rheological properties simultaneously. Moreover, the self-healing, self-conformal ability, controlled release of loaded doxorubicin, biodegradation, and pH-responsiveness of the magnetic hydrogel project their efficient sustainable therapeutic ability. In vivo postoperative treatment has further demonstrated the high efficacy of FVIO-based magnetic hydrogels, as evidenced by the significant suppression of the local tumor recurrences compared to chemotherapy or hyperthermia alone. This unique magnetic hydrogel formulation with optimally adaptive functions shows strong potential in preventing relapses of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Wensheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhenhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Anujit Ghosal
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
| | - Yongsan Li
- Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Si‐Shen Feng
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNational University of Singapore 119077 Singapore
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hai Ming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest University Xi'an Shaanxi 710069 China
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18
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Evgin L, Huff AL, Kottke T, Thompson J, Molan AM, Driscoll CB, Schuelke M, Shim KG, Wongthida P, Ilett EJ, Smith KK, Harris RS, Coffey M, Pulido JS, Pandha H, Selby PJ, Harrington KJ, Melcher A, Vile RG. Suboptimal T-cell Therapy Drives a Tumor Cell Mutator Phenotype That Promotes Escape from First-Line Treatment. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:828-840. [PMID: 30940643 PMCID: PMC7003288 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor T-cell responses raised by first-line therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, tumor cell vaccines, and viroimmunotherapy tend to be weak, both quantitatively (low frequency) and qualitatively (low affinity). We show here that T cells that recognize tumor-associated antigens can directly kill tumor cells if used at high effector-to-target ratios. However, when these tumor-reactive T cells were present at suboptimal ratios, direct T-cell-mediated tumor cell killing was reduced and the ability of tumor cells to evolve away from a coapplied therapy (oncolytic or suicide gene therapy) was promoted. This T-cell-mediated increase in therapeutic resistance was associated with C to T transition mutations that are characteristic of APOBEC3 cytosine deaminase activity and was induced through a TNFα and protein kinase C-dependent pathway. Short hairpin RNA inhibition of endogenous APOBEC3 reduced rates of tumor escape from oncolytic virus or suicide gene therapy to those seen in the absence of antitumor T-cell coculture. Conversely, overexpression of human APOBEC3B in tumor cells enhanced escape from suicide gene therapy and oncolytic virus therapy both in vitro and in vivo Our data suggest that weak affinity or low frequency T-cell responses against tumor antigens may contribute to the ability of tumor cells to evolve away from first-line therapies. We conclude that immunotherapies need to be optimized as early as possible so that, if they do not kill the tumor completely, they do not promote treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Timothy Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amy M Molan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Elizabeth J Ilett
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Reuben S Harris
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Incorporated, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alan Melcher
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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19
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Li Q, Wen J, Liu C, Jia Y, Wu Y, Shan Y, Qian Z, Liao J. Graphene-Nanoparticle-Based Self-Healing Hydrogel in Preventing Postoperative Recurrence of Breast Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:768-779. [PMID: 33405838 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel is an ideal scaffold in the fields of regenerative medicine and tumor therapy because of its biomimetic ability to modulate tissue microenvironment. Herein, we fabricated a new kind of self-healing hydrogel based on graphene nanoparticle and expanded its application in postoperative recurrence of breast cancer. First, a facile method was used to prepare self-healing hydrogel via Schiff-base linkage, which composed of chondroitin sulfate multialdehyde (CSMA), branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) and BPEI conjugated graphene (BPEI-GO). BPEI-GO was doped in the network and participated in Schiff-base reaction and stabilized the structure, as well as provided sustained drug delivery, and near-infrared laser (NIR)-triggered photothermal effect. The hydrogels exhibited excellent self-healing (∼100%) and improved mechanical properties (7,000 Pa). Further, in vitro breast cancer cell inhibition study showed enhanced cell killing efficiency with synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy. In the breast cancer postoperative recurrence prevention mice model, we found that combination of Doxorubicin (DOX) and photothermal therapy in CSMA/BPEI/BPEI-GO hydrogels group reduced tumor recurrence to 33.3%, compared with 66.7% for DOX-loaded hydrogels without NIR irradiation, 66.7% for local administration of free DOX, 100% for hydrogels with NIR irradiation, blank hydrogels, and blank control. This study suggests the great potential of CSMA/BPEI/BPEI-GO hydrogels for postoperative recurrence prevention of breast cancer.
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20
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Rao SS, Kondapaneni RV, Narkhede AA. Bioengineered models to study tumor dormancy. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:3. [PMID: 30647771 PMCID: PMC6327399 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of cancer metastasis is the defining event in cancer progression when the disease is considered lethal. The ability of metastatic cancer cells to stay dormant for extended time periods and reawaken at later stages leading to disease recurrence makes treatment of metastatic disease extremely challenging. The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in deciding the ultimate fate of tumor cells, yet the mechanisms by which this occurs, including dormancy, is not well understood. This mini-review discusses bioengineered models inspired from tissue engineering strategies that mimic key aspects of the tumor microenvironment to study tumor dormancy. These models include biomaterial based three dimensional models, microfluidic based models, as well as bioreactor based models that incorporate relevant microenvironmental components such as extracellular matrix molecules, niche cells, or their combination to study microenvironmental regulation of tumor dormancy. Such biomimetic models provide suitable platforms to investigate the dormant niche, including cues that drive the dormant to proliferative transition in cancer cells. In addition, the potential of such model systems to advance research in the field of tumor dormancy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas S. Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203 USA
| | - Raghu Vamsi Kondapaneni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203 USA
| | - Akshay A. Narkhede
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203 USA
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21
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Huff AL, Wongthida P, Kottke T, Thompson JM, Driscoll CB, Schuelke M, Shim KG, Harris RS, Molan A, Pulido JS, Selby PJ, Harrington KJ, Melcher A, Evgin L, Vile RG. APOBEC3 Mediates Resistance to Oncolytic Viral Therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2018; 11:1-13. [PMID: 30294666 PMCID: PMC6169432 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells frequently evade applied therapies through the accumulation of genomic mutations and rapid evolution. In the case of oncolytic virotherapy, understanding the mechanisms by which cancer cells develop resistance to infection and lysis is critical to the development of more effective viral-based platforms. Here, we identify APOBEC3 as an important factor that restricts the potency of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). We show that VSV infection of B16 murine melanoma cells upregulated APOBEC3 in an IFN-β-dependent manner, which was responsible for the evolution of virus-resistant cell populations and suggested that APOBEC3 expression promoted the acquisition of a virus-resistant phenotype. Knockdown of APOBEC3 in B16 cells diminished their capacity to develop resistance to VSV infection in vitro and enhanced the therapeutic effect of VSV in vivo. Similarly, overexpression of human APOBEC3B promoted the acquisition of resistance to oncolytic VSV both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that APOBEC3B expression had a direct effect on the fitness of VSV, an RNA virus that has not previously been identified as restricted by APOBEC3B. This research identifies APOBEC3 enzymes as key players to target in order to improve the efficacy of viral or broader nucleic acid-based therapeutic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Timothy Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jill M. Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin G. Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Reuben S. Harris
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Amy Molan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jose S. Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Peter J. Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | | | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard G. Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
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22
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Qi Y, Min H, Mujeeb A, Zhang Y, Han X, Zhao X, Anderson GJ, Zhao Y, Nie G. Injectable Hexapeptide Hydrogel for Localized Chemotherapy Prevents Breast Cancer Recurrence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6972-6981. [PMID: 29409316 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although postsurgical chemotherapy is frequently used for the treatment of breast cancer, tumor recurrence is still a frequent event. Enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy via localized drug delivery may help to prevent breast cancer recurrence. To achieve this goal, we designed a hydrogel nanocarrier that could be injected at the tumor site by coassembly of tailor-made hexapeptide and doxorubicin. Evidently, on the basis of our findings, the sustained release of drug from the hydrogel led to a reduction in cancer recurrence, including the suppression of primary regrowth and distant metastasis. This localized chemotherapy strategy did not show any obvious side effects in vivo and represents a promising adjuvant therapeutic strategy for breast cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huan Min
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ayeesha Mujeeb
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuexiang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Greg J Anderson
- Royal Brisbane Hospital, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Ying Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Hsp90 Inhibition Reduces TLR5 Surface Expression and NF- κB Activation in Human Myeloid Leukemia THP-1 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4319369. [PMID: 29651431 PMCID: PMC5832108 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4319369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumors highly express active heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which is involved in tumor survival and progression. Enhanced Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5 expression and signaling were reported to be associated with acute myeloid leukemia. In the present study, we investigated the possible modulatory effects of Hsp90 inhibitors on TLR5 expression and signaling in the human myeloid leukemia cell line THP-1. Cells were pretreated with various concentrations of the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) or the Hsp70 inhibitor VER155008, followed by stimulation with bacterial flagellin. Flagellin-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was significantly reduced by treatment with GA or VER155008. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of this effect, mRNA and cell surface expression of TLR5 was examined. TLR5 mRNA expression was enhanced by both GA and VER155008, whereas cell surface expression of TLR5 was reduced by three different Hsp90 inhibitors, including GA, 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, and radicicol, and an Hsp70 inhibitor. The inhibitory effect of Hsp90 inhibitors was much higher than that of Hsp70 inhibitor. Our results suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors suppress TLR5 surface expression and activation of NF-κB in THP-1 cells in response to TLR5 ligand, and these inhibitory effects may be associated with the possible mechanisms by which Hsp90 inhibitors suppress myeloid leukemia.
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24
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Huang C, Zheng J, Ma D, Liu N, Zhu C, Li J, Yang R. Hypoxia-triggered gene therapy: a new drug delivery system to utilize photodynamic-induced hypoxia for synergistic cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6424-6430. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01805g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An new drug delivery system to utilize the photodynamic-induced hypoxia for synergistic cancer therapy is proposed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Dandan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Cong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Jishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha
- China
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25
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Raj AT, Patil S, Rajkumar C, Sarode S. Assessing the role of immune system in cancer progression from minimal residual disease. Oral Oncol 2017; 75:180-181. [PMID: 29102153 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Thalambur, Chennai 600130, India.
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Sachin Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India.
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26
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Kottke T, Evgin L, Shim KG, Rommelfanger D, Boisgerault N, Zaidi S, Diaz RM, Thompson J, Ilett E, Coffey M, Selby P, Pandha H, Harrington K, Melcher A, Vile R. Subversion of NK-cell and TNFα Immune Surveillance Drives Tumor Recurrence. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:1029-1045. [PMID: 29038298 PMCID: PMC5858196 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how incompletely cleared primary tumors transition from minimal residual disease (MRD) into treatment-resistant, immune-invisible recurrences has major clinical significance. We show here that this transition is mediated through the subversion of two key elements of innate immunosurveillance. In the first, the role of TNFα changes from an antitumor effector against primary tumors into a growth promoter for MRD. Second, whereas primary tumors induced a natural killer (NK)-mediated cytokine response characterized by low IL6 and elevated IFNγ, PD-L1hi MRD cells promoted the secretion of IL6 but minimal IFNγ, inhibiting both NK-cell and T-cell surveillance. Tumor recurrence was promoted by trauma- or infection-like stimuli inducing VEGF and TNFα, which stimulated the growth of MRD tumors. Finally, therapies that blocked PD-1, TNFα, or NK cells delayed or prevented recurrence. These data show how innate immunosurveillance mechanisms, which control infection and growth of primary tumors, are exploited by recurrent, competent tumors and identify therapeutic targets in patients with MRD known to be at high risk of relapse. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(11); 1029-45. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Shane Zaidi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rosa Maria Diaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth Ilett
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Incorporated, Calgary, Canada
| | - Peter Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alan Melcher
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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27
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Kersten K, de Visser KE, van Miltenburg MH, Jonkers J. Genetically engineered mouse models in oncology research and cancer medicine. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:137-153. [PMID: 28028012 PMCID: PMC5286388 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have contributed significantly to the field of cancer research. In contrast to cancer cell inoculation models, GEMMs develop de novo tumors in a natural immune‐proficient microenvironment. Tumors arising in advanced GEMMs closely mimic the histopathological and molecular features of their human counterparts, display genetic heterogeneity, and are able to spontaneously progress toward metastatic disease. As such, GEMMs are generally superior to cancer cell inoculation models, which show no or limited heterogeneity and are often metastatic from the start. Given that GEMMs capture both tumor cell‐intrinsic and cell‐extrinsic factors that drive de novo tumor initiation and progression toward metastatic disease, these models are indispensable for preclinical research. GEMMs have successfully been used to validate candidate cancer genes and drug targets, assess therapy efficacy, dissect the impact of the tumor microenvironment, and evaluate mechanisms of drug resistance. In vivo validation of candidate cancer genes and therapeutic targets is further accelerated by recent advances in genetic engineering that enable fast‐track generation and fine‐tuning of GEMMs to more closely resemble human patients. In addition, aligning preclinical tumor intervention studies in advanced GEMMs with clinical studies in patients is expected to accelerate the development of novel therapeutic strategies and their translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kersten
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine H van Miltenburg
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Pavan Grandhi TS, Potta T, Nitiyanandan R, Deshpande I, Rege K. Chemomechanically engineered 3D organotypic platforms of bladder cancer dormancy and reactivation. Biomaterials 2017; 142:171-185. [PMID: 28756304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumors undergo periods of dormancy followed by reactivation leading to metastatic disease. Arrest in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs are key hallmarks of dormant tumor cells. Here, we describe a 3D platform of bladder cancer cell dormancy and reactivation facilitated by a novel aminoglycoside-derived hydrogel, Amikagel. These 3D dormant tumor microenvironments (3D-DTMs) were arrested in the G0/G1 phase and were highly resistant to anti-proliferative drugs. Inhibition of targets in the cellular protein production machinery led to induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and complete ablation of 3D-DTMs. Nanoparticle-mediated calcium delivery significantly accelerated ER stress-mediated 3D-DTM death. Transfer of 3D-DTMs onto weaker and adhesive Amikagels resulted in selective reactivation of a sub-population of N-cadherin deficient cells from dormancy. Whole-transcriptome analyses further indicated key biochemical differences between dormant and proliferative cancer cells. Taken together, our results indicate that 3D bladder cancer microenvironments of dormancy and reactivation can facilitate fundamental advances and novel drug discovery in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thrimoorthy Potta
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
| | | | - Indrani Deshpande
- Biomedical Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
| | - Kaushal Rege
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA.
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29
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Wooten DJ, Quaranta V. Mathematical models of cell phenotype regulation and reprogramming: Make cancer cells sensitive again! Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1867:167-175. [PMID: 28396217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A cell's phenotype is the observable actualization of complex interactions between its genome, epigenome, and local environment. While traditional views in cancer have held that cellular and tumor phenotypes are largely functions of genomic instability, increasing attention has recently been given to epigenetic and microenvironmental influences. Such non-genetic factors allow cancer cells to experience intrinsic diversity and plasticity, and at the tumor level can result in phenotypic heterogeneity and treatment evasion. In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka exploited the epigenome's plasticity by "reprogramming" differentiated cells into a pluripotent state by inducing expression of a cocktail of four transcription factors. Recent advances in cancer biology have shown not only that cellular reprogramming is possible for malignant cells, but it may provide a foundation for future therapies. Nevertheless, cell reprogramming experiments are frequently plagued by low efficiency, activation of aberrant transcriptional programs, instability, and often rely on expertise gathered from systems which may not translate directly to cancer. Here, we review a theoretical framework tracing back to Waddington's epigenetic landscape which may be used to derive quantitative and qualitative understanding of cellular reprogramming. Implications for tumor heterogeneity, evolution and adaptation are discussed in the context of designing new treatments to re-sensitize recalcitrant tumors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Evolutionary principles - heterogeneity in cancer?, edited by Dr. Robert A. Gatenby.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Wooten
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Ave., 446B, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Vito Quaranta
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Ave., 446B, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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30
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Takeda K, Nakayama M, Hayakawa Y, Kojima Y, Ikeda H, Imai N, Ogasawara K, Okumura K, Thomas DM, Smyth MJ. IFN-γ is required for cytotoxic T cell-dependent cancer genome immunoediting. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14607. [PMID: 28233863 PMCID: PMC5333095 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic evolution that occurs during cancer progression enables tumour heterogeneity, thereby fostering tumour adaptation, therapeutic resistance and metastatic potential. Immune responses are known to select (immunoedit) tumour cells displaying immunoevasive properties. Here we address the role of IFN-γ in mediating the immunoediting process. We observe that, in several mouse tumour models such as HA-expressing 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells, OVA-expressing EG7 lymphoma cells and CMS5 MCA-induced fibrosarcoma cells naturally expressing mutated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) antigen, the action of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) in vivo results in the emergence of resistant cancer cell clones only in the presence of IFN-γ within the tumour microenvironment. Moreover, we show that exposure of tumours to IFN-γ-producing antigen-specific CTLs in vivo results in copy-number alterations (CNAs) associated with DNA damage response and modulation of DNA editing/repair gene expression. These results suggest that enhanced genetic instability might be one of the mechanisms by which CTLs and IFN-γ immunoedits tumours, altering their immune resistance as a result of genetic evolution. T cell mediated anti-tumour immune responses result in the emergence of an immune-resistant population in a process called immunoediting. Here, the authors show that immunoediting is associated with an increase in genomic rearrangements of tumour cells that requires both cytotoxic T cells and IFNγ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Biofunctional Micribiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria, Australia
| | - Masafumi Nakayama
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria, Australia.,Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yuko Kojima
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.,Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naoko Imai
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Kouetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Department of Biofunctional Micribiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - David M Thomas
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, 3002 Victoria, Australia.,Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia
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31
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Li K, Qu S, Chen X, Wu Q, Shi M. Promising Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy: TLRs, RLRs, and STING-Mediated Innate Immune Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E404. [PMID: 28216575 PMCID: PMC5343938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cancers employ diverse and intricate immune evasion strategies, which lead to inadequately effective responses of many clinical cancer therapies. However, emerging data suggest that activation of the tolerant innate immune system in cancer patients is able, at least partially, to counteract tumor-induced immunosuppression, which indicates triggering of the innate immune response as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy may result in improved therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients. The promising innate immune targets include Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs), and Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). This review discusses the antitumor properties of TLRs, RLRs, and STING-mediated innate immune pathways, as well as the promising innate immune targets for potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Shuai Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Ming Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
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32
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Li D, Sun F, Bourajjaj M, Chen Y, Pieters EH, Chen J, van den Dikkenberg JB, Lou B, Camps MGM, Ossendorp F, Hennink WE, Vermonden T, van Nostrum CF. Strong in vivo antitumor responses induced by an antigen immobilized in nanogels via reducible bonds. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19592-19604. [PMID: 27748778 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05583d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are at present mostly based on tumor associated protein antigens but fail to elicit strong cell-mediated immunity in their free form. For protein-based vaccines, the main challenges to overcome are the delivery of sufficient proteins into the cytosol of dendritic cells (DCs) and processing by, and presentation through, the MHC class I pathway. Recently, we developed a cationic dextran nanogel in which a model antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) is reversibly conjugated via disulfide bonds to the nanogel network to enable redox-sensitive intracellular release. In the present study, it is demonstrated that these nanogels, with the bound OVA, were efficiently internalized by DCs and were capable of maturating them. On the other hand, when the antigen was just physically entrapped in the nanogels, OVA was prematurely released before the particles were taken up by cells. When combined with an adjuvant (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, poly(I:C)), nanogels with conjugated OVA induced a strong protective and curative effect against melanoma in vivo. In a prophylactic vaccination setting, 90% of the mice vaccinated with nanogels with conjugated OVA + poly(I:C) did not develop a tumor. Moreover, in a therapeutic model, 40% of the mice showed clearance of established tumors and survived for the duration of the experiment (80 days) while the remaining mice showed substantial delay in tumor progression. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that conjugation of antigens to nanogels via reducible covalent bonds for intracellular delivery is a promising strategy to induce effective antigen-specific immune responses against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Feilong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Meriem Bourajjaj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Yinan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Ebel H Pieters
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Joep B van den Dikkenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Bo Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel G M Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelus F van Nostrum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands.
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33
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A redox-sensitive, oligopeptide-guided, self-assembling, and efficiency-enhanced (ROSE) system for functional delivery of microRNA therapeutics for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomaterials 2016; 104:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hou W, Sampath P, Rojas JJ, Thorne SH. Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Targeting of PGE2 in the Tumor Alters the Immune Status and Sensitizes Established and Resistant Tumors to Immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:108-119. [PMID: 27374223 PMCID: PMC4962335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies are highly promising cancer treatments, but understanding the factors mediating their resistance remains critical. Successes in randomized clinical testing have supported the growing appreciation that oncolytic virotherapies primarily act as immunotherapies. Here we identified prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the tumor as a key mediator of resistance to immunotherapies, including oncolytic vaccinia virotherapy. Elevated levels of PGE2 coupled to suppressive chemokine profiles and high levels of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells resulted in loss of immunotherapeutic potential. Viral vectors engineered to target PGE2 were capable of overcoming localized immunosuppression leading to profound changes in the tumor's immune status. This allowed the viral vectors to raise robust anti-tumor adaptive immune responses and sensitized established and previously resistant tumors to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhou Hou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Padma Sampath
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Juan J Rojas
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Steve H Thorne
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, G17a, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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35
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Sanches JDS, de Aguiar RB, Parise CB, Suzuki JM, Chammas R, de Moraes JZ. Anti-bevacizumab idiotype antibody vaccination is effective in inducing vascular endothelial growth factor-binding response, impairing tumor outgrowth. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:551-5. [PMID: 27079440 PMCID: PMC4832859 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors require blood supply and, to overcome this restriction, induce angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in this process, which explains the great number of antiangiogenic therapies targeting VEGF. The research and development of targeted therapy has led to the approval of bevacizumab, a humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (mAb), in clinical settings. However, side effects have been reported, usually as a consequence of bolus-dose administration of the antibody. This limitation could be circumvented through the use of anti-idiotype (Id) antibodies. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of an active VEGF-binding immune response generated by an anti-bevacizumab idiotype mAb, 10.D7. The 10.D7 anti-Id mAb vaccination led to detectable levels of VEGF-binding anti-anti-Id antibodies. In order to examine whether this humoral immune response could have implications for tumor development, 10.D7-immunized mice were challenged with B16-F10 tumor cells. Mice immunized with 10.D7 anti-Id mAb revealed reduced tumor growth when compared to control groups. Histological analyses of tumor sections from 10.D7-immunized mice showed increased necrotic areas, decreased CD31-positive vascular density and reduced CD68-positive cell infiltration. Our results encourage further therapeutic studies, particularly if one considers that the anti-Id therapeutic vaccination maintains stable levels of VEGF-binding antibodies, which might be useful in the control of tumor relapse.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Bevacizumab/administration & dosage
- Bevacizumab/adverse effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Humans
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/immunology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica de Souza Sanches
- Department of BiophysicsEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Carolina Bellini Parise
- Department of BiophysicsEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Juliana Mayumi Suzuki
- Department of BiophysicsEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Department of RadiologyFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Jane Zveiter de Moraes
- Department of BiophysicsEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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36
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Roxburgh CSD, McMillan DC. Therapeutics targeting innate immune/inflammatory responses through the interleukin-6/JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway in patients with cancer. Transl Res 2016; 167:61-6. [PMID: 26432924 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, there has been an evolution in the thinking of how tumors grow and disseminate: from the earlier work where it was considered that the intrinsic characteristics of the tumor largely determined the process to more recent work where local and systemic inflammatory responses play a key role in disease progression and survival in patients with cancer. Although the immune/inflammatory responses to cancer are complex, it is clear that targeting the host immune/inflammatory responses (in particular, innate/humoral responses) has considerable potential to improve outcomes in patients with a variety of common solid tumors. There are a wide variety of agents from the nonselective glucocorticoids to the selective Janus Activated Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) inhibitors that has considerable therapeutic potential. They may be considered to act through a main signal transduction mechanism, the interleukin-6/JAK/STAT pathway. This work heralds a new era in which it will be important not only to treat the tumor but also to treat the host, so called oncoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell S D Roxburgh
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Donald C McMillan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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37
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Sampath P, Thorne SH. Novel therapeutic strategies in human malignancy: combining immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy. Oncolytic Virother 2015; 4:75-82. [PMID: 27512672 PMCID: PMC4918382 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s54738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from randomized clinical trials over the last several years have finally begun to demonstrate the potential of oncolytic viral therapies to treat a variety of cancers. One reason for these successes has been the realization that this platform is most effective when considered primarily as an immunotherapy. Cancer immunotherapy has also made dramatic strides recently with antibodies capable of blocking immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T-cell therapies, notably CAR T-cells, leading a panel of novel and highly clinically effective therapies. It is clear therefore that an understanding of how and when these complementary approaches can most effectively be combined offers the real hope of moving beyond simply treating the disease and toward starting to talk about curative therapies. In this review we discuss approaches to combining these therapeutic platforms, both through engineering the viral vectors to more beneficially interact with the host immune response during therapy, as well as through the direct combinations of different therapeutics. This primarily, but not exclusively focuses on strains of oncolytic vaccinia virus. Some of the results reported to date, primarily in pre-clinical models but also in early clinical trials, are dramatic and hold great promise for the future development of similar therapies and their translation into cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Sampath
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steve H Thorne
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Robertson-Tessi M, El-Kareh A, Goriely A. A model for effects of adaptive immunity on tumor response to chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy. J Theor Biol 2015; 380:569-84. [PMID: 26087282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Complete clinical regressions of solid tumors in response to chemotherapy are difficult to explain by direct cytotoxicity alone, because of low growth fractions and obstacles to drug delivery. A plausible indirect mechanism that might reconcile this is the action of the immune system. A model for interaction between tumors and the adaptive immune system is presented here, and used to examine controllability of tumors through the interplay of cytotoxic, cytostatic and immunogenic effects of chemotherapy and the adaptive immune response. The model includes cytotoxic and helper T cells, T regulatory cells (Tregs), dendritic cells, memory cells, and several key cytokines. Nearly all parameter estimates are derived from experimental and clinical data. Individual tumors are characterized by two parameters: growth rate and antigenicity, and regions of tumor control are identified in this parameter space. The model predicts that inclusion of the immune response significantly expands the region of tumor control for both cytostatic and cytotoxic chemotherapies. Moreover, outside the control zone, tumor growth is delayed significantly. An optimal fractionation schedule is predicted, for a fixed cumulative dose. The model further predicts expanded regions of tumor control when several forms of immunotherapy (adoptive T cell transfer, Treg depletion, and dendritic cell vaccination) are combined with chemotherapy. Outcomes depend greatly on tumor characteristics, the schedule of administration, and the type of immunotherapy chosen, suggesting promising opportunities for personalized medicine. Overall, the model provides insight into the role of the adaptive immune system in chemotherapy, and how scheduling and immunotherapeutic interventions might improve efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robertson-Tessi
- Program in Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
| | - Ardith El-Kareh
- ARL-Microcirculation Division, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Alain Goriely
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, OX2 6GG, UK
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Zaidi S, Blanchard M, Shim K, Ilett E, Rajani K, Parrish C, Boisgerault N, Kottke T, Thompson J, Celis E, Pulido J, Selby P, Pandha H, Melcher A, Harrington K, Vile R. Mutated BRAF Emerges as a Major Effector of Recurrence in a Murine Melanoma Model After Treatment With Immunomodulatory Agents. Mol Ther 2014; 23:845-856. [PMID: 25544599 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a VSV-cDNA library to treat recurrent melanoma, identifying immunogenic antigens, allowing us to target recurrences with immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Primary B16 melanoma tumors were induced to regress by frontline therapy. Mice with recurrent tumors were treated with VSV-cDNA immunotherapy. A Th17 recall response was used to screen the VSV-cDNA library for individual viruses encoding rejection antigens, subsequently targeted using immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Recurrent tumors were effectively treated with a VSV-cDNA library using cDNA from recurrent B16 tumors. Recurrence-associated rejection antigens identified included Topoisomerase-IIα, YB-1, cdc7 kinase, and BRAF. Fourteen out of 16 recurrent tumors carried BRAF mutations (595-605 region) following frontline therapy, even though the parental B16 tumors were BRAF wild type. The emergence of mutated BRAF-containing recurrences served as an excellent target for BRAF-specific immune-(VSV-BRAF), or chemo-(PLX-4720) therapies. Successful PLX-4720 therapy of recurrent tumors was associated with the development of a broad spectrum of T-cell responses. VSV-cDNA technology can be used to identify recurrence specific antigens. Emergence of mutated BRAF may be a major effector of melanoma recurrence which could serve as a target for chemo or immune therapy. This study suggests a rationale for offering patients with initially wild-type BRAF melanomas an additional biopsy to screen for mutant BRAF upon recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Zaidi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Targeted Therapy Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Miran Blanchard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin Shim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ilett
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Targeted and Biological Therapies Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Karishma Rajani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christopher Parrish
- Targeted and Biological Therapies Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Esteban Celis
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jose Pulido
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter Selby
- Targeted and Biological Therapies Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Leggett Building, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Alan Melcher
- Targeted and Biological Therapies Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Targeted and Biological Therapies Group, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Paraneoplasia literally means conditions adjacent to, or associated with, abnormal cancerous tissue growth. In this Comment article, I discuss what the immune-mediated paraneoplasias teach us about the immune response and cancer development.
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41
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Thorne SH. Immunotherapeutic potential of oncolytic vaccinia virus. Front Oncol 2014; 4:155. [PMID: 24987615 PMCID: PMC4060052 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of oncolytic viral therapy was based on the hypothesis that engineering tumor-selectivity into the replication potential of viruses would permit direct destruction of tumor cells as a result of viral-mediated lysis, resulting in amplification of the therapy exclusively within the tumor environment. The immune response raised by the virus was not only considered to be necessary for the safety of the approach, but also something of a hindrance to optimal therapeutic activity and repeat dosing. However, the pre-clinical and subsequent clinical success of several oncolytic viruses expressing selected cytokines has demonstrated the potential for harnessing the immune response as an additional and beneficial mechanism of therapeutic activity within the platform. Over the last few years, a variety of novel approaches have been incorporated to try to enhance this immunotherapeutic activity. Several innovative and subtle approaches have moved far beyond the expression of a single cytokine transgene, with the hope of optimizing anti-tumor immunity while having minimal detrimental impact on viral oncolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve H. Thorne
- Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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43
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Boisgerault N, Vile RG. Les tumeurs dormantes prises au piège de la récidive. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:355-7. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143004006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Boisgerault N, Vile RG. Trick and treat. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e27811. [PMID: 25339997 PMCID: PMC4203489 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring and treating dormant tumors represents a major clinical challenge. We have recently found that early recurring tumors elicit an innate immune response that can be detected systemically. We also demonstrated that it may be possible to target minimal residual disease before or after immune evasion with carefully timed, rational therapeutic approaches.
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45
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Chan CJ, Coussens LM. Poker face no more: cancer recurrence reveals its hand. Nat Med 2013; 19:1569-70. [DOI: 10.1038/nm.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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