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Abassi Z, Azzam ZS, Heyman SN. Corin and Left Atrial Cardiomyopathy, Hypertension, Arrhythmia, and Fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1539. [PMID: 38657261 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2313870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Abassi
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Samuel N Heyman
- Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
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Elliott B, Márquez-Nogueras KM, Thuo P, DiNello E, Knutila RM, Fritzmann GE, Willis M, Chapman AB, Cao Q, Barefield DY, Kuo IY. Cardiac Localized Polycystin-2 plays a Functional Role in Natriuretic Peptide Production and its Absence Contributes to Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573922. [PMID: 38260706 PMCID: PMC10802350 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the most common cause of mortality in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Hypertension is seen in 70% of patients by the age of 30 prior to decline in kidney function. The natriuretic peptides (NPs), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), are released by cardiomyocytes in response to membrane stretch, increasing urinary excretion of sodium and water. Mice heterozygous for Pkd2 have attenuated NP responses and we hypothesized that cardiomyocyte-localized polycystin proteins contribute to production of NPs. Cardiomyocyte-specific knock-out models of polycystin-2 (PC2), one of the causative genes of ADPKD, demonstrate diurnal hypertension. These mice have decreased ANP and BNP expression in the left ventricle. Analysis of the pathways involved in production, maturation, and activity of NPs identified decreased transcription of CgB, PCSK6, and NFAT genes in cPC2-KOs. Engineered heart tissue with human iPSCs driven into cardiomyocytes with CRISPR/Cas9 KO of PKD2 failed to produce ANP. These results suggest that PC2 in cardiomyocytes are involved in NP production and lack of cardiac PC2 predisposes to a hypertensive volume expanded phenotype, which may contribute to the development of hypertension in ADPKD.
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Su X, Li S, Zhang Y, Tie X, Feng R, Guo X, Qiao X, Wang L. Overexpression of Corin Ameliorates Kidney Fibrosis through Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:101-120. [PMID: 37827215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway represents a promising therapeutic target for mitigating kidney fibrosis. Corin possesses the homologous ligand binding site [Frizzled-cysteine-rich domain (Fz-CRD)] similar to Frizzled proteins, which act as receptors for Wnt. The Fz-CRD has been found in eight different proteins, all of which, except for corin, are known to bind Wnt and regulate its signal transmission. We hypothesized that corin may inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and thereby reduce fibrogenesis. Reduced expression of corin along with the increased activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was found in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and ureteral ischemia/reperfusion injury (UIRI) models. In vitro, corin bound to the Wnt1 through its Fz-CRDs and inhibit the Wnt1 function responsible for activating β-catenin. Transforming growth factor-β1 inhibited corin expression, accompanied by activation of β-catenin; conversely, overexpression of corin attenuated the fibrotic effects of transforming growth factor-β1. In vivo, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of corin attenuated the progression of fibrosis, which was potentially associated with the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the down-regulation of its target genes after UUO and UIRI. These results suggest that corin acts as an antagonist that protects the kidney from pathogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling and from fibrosis following UUO and UIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Su
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuan Tie
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongrong Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojiao Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Cai B, Song W, Chen S, Sun J, Zhou R, Han Z, Wan J. Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Ameliorated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury Via the miR-21-5p/PCSK6 Pathway. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:3291137. [PMID: 37937296 PMCID: PMC10626970 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3291137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disease that currently lacks a cure. Although stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have shown promising effects in the treatment of ALI, their underlying mechanisms and responsible components have yet to be identified. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 (PCSK6) is a gene involved in inflammation and a potential target of miR-21-5p, a microRNA enriched in stem cell-derived sEVs. The current study investigated the role of PCSK6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and its interaction with miR-21-5p. Notably, our results showed that PCSK6 expression was positively correlated with LPS stimulation. Knockdown of PCSK6 ameliorated LPS-induced inhibition of proliferation and upregulation of permeability in human BEAS-2B cells, whereas PCSK6 overexpression displayed the opposite effects. BEAS-2B cells were able to actively internalize the cocultured bone mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived sEVs (BMSC-sEVs), which alleviated the cell damage caused by LPS. Overexpressing PCSK6, however, eliminated the therapeutic effects of BMSC-sEV coculture. Mechanistically, BMSC-sEVs inhibited PCSK6 expression via the delivery of miR-21-5p, which is directly bound to the PCSK6 gene. Our work provides evidence for the role of PCSK6 in LPS-induced ALI and identified miR-21-5p as a component of BMSC-derived sEVs that suppressed PCSK6 expression and ameliorated LPS-induced cell damage. These results reveal a novel molecular mechanism for ALI pathogenesis and highlight the therapeutic potential of using sEVs released by stem cells to deliver miR-21-5p for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cai
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, No. 490 Chuansha South Road, Pudong New Area, 201299, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Song
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, No. 490 Chuansha South Road, Pudong New Area, 201299, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, No. 490 Chuansha South Road, Pudong New Area, 201299, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, No. 490 Chuansha South Road, Pudong New Area, 201299, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, No. 490 Chuansha South Road, Pudong New Area, 201299, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, No. 490 Chuansha South Road, Pudong New Area, 201299, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, No. 490 Chuansha South Road, Pudong New Area, 201299, Shanghai, China
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Wang H, Liu YS, Peng Y, Chen W, Dong N, Wu Q, Pan B, Wang B, Guo W. Golgi α-mannosidases regulate cell surface N-glycan type and ectodomain shedding of the transmembrane protease corin. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105211. [PMID: 37660903 PMCID: PMC10520876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corin is a transmembrane protease that activates natriuretic peptides on the cell membrane. Reduced cell surface targeting or increased ectodomain shedding disrupts cell membrane homeostasis of corin, thereby impairing its cell surface expression and enzyme activity. N-glycans are essential in corin ectodomain shedding. Lack of N-glycans promotes corin ectodomain shedding in the juxtamembrane and frizzled-1 domains. The nascent N-glycans, transferred onto the polypeptide of corin, undergo multistep N-glycan processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. It remains unclear how trimming by Golgi α-mannosidases, the critical N-glycan processing steps in N-glycan maturation, may regulate corin biosynthesis. In this study, we examined the effects of kifunensine and swainsonine, the inhibitors for α-mannosidases I and II, on corin expression and function. Western analysis of corin proteins in cell lysates and conditioned media from the inhibitor-treated corin-stable HEK293 cells and AC16 cells showed that both α-mannosidases I and II were required to maintain complex N-glycans on cell surface corin and protect corin from ectodomain shedding in the juxtamembrane and frizzled-1 domains. Cell viability analysis revealed that inhibition of α-mannosidase I or II sensitized cardiomyocytes to hydrogen peroxide-induced injury via regulating corin. Moreover, either one of the two coding genes was sufficient to perform Golgi α-mannosidase I trimming of N-glycans on corin. Similarly, this sufficiency was observed in Golgi α-mannosidase II-coding genes. Inhibition of ectodomain shedding restored corin zymogen activation from kifunensine- or swainsonine-induced reduction. Together, our results show the important roles of Golgi α-mannosidases in maintaining cell membrane homeostasis and biological activities of corin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingfei Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baishen Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Niu Y, Zhou T, Zhang S, Li W, Wang K, Dong N, Wu Q. Corin deficiency impairs cardiac function in mouse models of heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1164524. [PMID: 37636304 PMCID: PMC10450958 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1164524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Corin is a protease in the natriuretic peptide system. Deleterious CORIN variants are associated with hypertension and heart disease. It remains unclear if and to what extent corin deficiency may contribute to heart failure (HF). Methods Corin knockout (KO) mice were used as a model. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and tissue analysis in Corin KO mice at different ages or subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC), which increased pressure overload. Heart and lung tissues were analyzed for cardiac hypertrophy and lung edema using wheat germ agglutinin, Sirius red, Masson's trichrome, and Prussian blue staining. Recombinant corin was tested for its effect on cardiac function in the TAC-operated Corin KO mice. Selected gene expression in the heart was examined by RT-PCR. ELISA was used to analyze factors in plasma. Results Corin KO mice had progressive cardiac dysfunction with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis after 9 months of age, likely due to chronic hypertension. When Corin KO mice were subjected to TAC at 10-12 weeks of age, cardiac function decreased more rapidly than in similarly treated wild-type mice. When the TAC-operated Corin KO mice were treated with recombinant corin protein, cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis were ameliorated. The corin treatment also decreased the gene expression associated with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, increased plasma cGMP levels, lowered plasma levels of N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide, angiotensin II, and aldosterone, and lessened lung edema in the Corin KO mice subjected to TAC. Conclusion Corin deficiency impairs cardiac function and exacerbates HF development in mice. Corin protein may be used to reduce cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, suppress the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and improve cardiac function in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayan Niu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wu Q. Natriuretic Peptide Signaling in Uterine Biology and Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12309. [PMID: 37569683 PMCID: PMC10418983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial decidualization is a uterine process essential for spiral artery remodeling, embryo implantation, and trophoblast invasion. Defects in endometrial decidualization and spiral artery remodeling are important contributing factors in preeclampsia, a major disorder in pregnancy. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone that regulates blood volume and pressure. ANP is also generated in non-cardiac tissues, such as the uterus and placenta. In recent human genome-wide association studies, multiple loci with genes involved in natriuretic peptide signaling are associated with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. In cellular experiments and mouse models, uterine ANP has been shown to stimulate endometrial decidualization, increase TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand expression and secretion, and enhance apoptosis in arterial smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In placental trophoblasts, ANP stimulates adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling, leading to autophagy inhibition and protein kinase N3 upregulation, thereby increasing trophoblast invasiveness. ANP deficiency impairs endometrial decidualization and spiral artery remodeling, causing a preeclampsia-like phenotype in mice. These findings indicate the importance of natriuretic peptide signaling in pregnancy. This review discusses the role of ANP in uterine biology and potential implications of impaired ANP signaling in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Wu Q, Li S, Zhang X, Dong N. Type II Transmembrane Serine Proteases as Modulators in Adipose Tissue Phenotype and Function. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1794. [PMID: 37509434 PMCID: PMC10376093 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a crucial organ in energy metabolism and thermoregulation. Adipose tissue phenotype is controlled by various signaling mechanisms under pathophysiological conditions. Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) are a group of trypsin-like enzymes anchoring on the cell surface. These proteases act in diverse tissues to regulate physiological processes, such as food digestion, salt-water balance, iron metabolism, epithelial integrity, and auditory nerve development. More recently, several members of the TTSP family, namely, hepsin, matriptase-2, and corin, have been shown to play a role in regulating lipid metabolism, adipose tissue phenotype, and thermogenesis, via direct growth factor activation or indirect hormonal mechanisms. In mice, hepsin deficiency increases adipose browning and protects from high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Similarly, matriptase-2 deficiency increases fat lipolysis and reduces obesity and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed mice. In contrast, corin deficiency increases white adipose weights and cell sizes, suppresses adipocyte browning and thermogenic responses, and causes cold intolerance in mice. These findings highlight an important role of TTSPs in modifying cellular phenotype and function in adipose tissue. In this review, we provide a brief description about TTSPs and discuss recent findings regarding the role of hepsin, matriptase-2, and corin in regulating adipose tissue phenotype, energy metabolism, and thermogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xianrui Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Oldham JM, Allen RJ, Lorenzo-Salazar JM, Molyneaux PL, Ma SF, Joseph C, Kim JS, Guillen-Guio B, Hernández-Beeftink T, Kropski JA, Huang Y, Lee CT, Adegunsoye A, Pugashetti JV, Linderholm AL, Vo V, Strek ME, Jou J, Muñoz-Barrera A, Rubio-Rodriguez LA, Hubbard R, Hirani N, Whyte MKB, Hart S, Nicholson AG, Lancaster L, Parfrey H, Rassl D, Wallace W, Valenzi E, Zhang Y, Mychaleckyj J, Stockwell A, Kaminski N, Wolters PJ, Molina-Molina M, Banovich NE, Fahy WA, Martinez FJ, Hall IP, Tobin MD, Maher TM, Blackwell TS, Yaspan BL, Jenkins RG, Flores C, Wain LV, Noth I. PCSK6 and Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1515-1524. [PMID: 36780644 PMCID: PMC10263132 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202205-0845oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by limited treatment options and high mortality. A better understanding of the molecular drivers of IPF progression is needed. Objectives: To identify and validate molecular determinants of IPF survival. Methods: A staged genome-wide association study was performed using paired genomic and survival data. Stage I cases were drawn from centers across the United States and Europe and stage II cases from Vanderbilt University. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify gene variants associated with differential transplantation-free survival (TFS). Stage I variants with nominal significance (P < 5 × 10-5) were advanced for stage II testing and meta-analyzed to identify those reaching genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). Downstream analyses were performed for genes and proteins associated with variants reaching genome-wide significance. Measurements and Main Results: After quality controls, 1,481 stage I cases and 397 stage II cases were included in the analysis. After filtering, 9,075,629 variants were tested in stage I, with 158 meeting advancement criteria. Four variants associated with TFS with consistent effect direction were identified in stage II, including one in an intron of PCSK6 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6) reaching genome-wide significance (hazard ratio, 4.11 [95% confidence interval, 2.54-6.67]; P = 9.45 × 10-9). PCSK6 protein was highly expressed in IPF lung parenchyma. PCSK6 lung staining intensity, peripheral blood gene expression, and plasma concentration were associated with reduced TFS. Conclusions: We identified four novel variants associated with IPF survival, including one in PCSK6 that reached genome-wide significance. Downstream analyses suggested that PCSK6 protein plays a potentially important role in IPF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Richard J. Allen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo-Salazar
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Philip L. Molyneaux
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shwu-Fan Ma
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | - John S. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Beatriz Guillen-Guio
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Tamara Hernández-Beeftink
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yong Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Cathryn T. Lee
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ayodeji Adegunsoye
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Janelle Vu Pugashetti
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Angela L. Linderholm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Vivian Vo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Mary E. Strek
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan Jou
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Adrian Muñoz-Barrera
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis A. Rubio-Rodriguez
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Richard Hubbard
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nik Hirani
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Moira K. B. Whyte
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hart
- Respiratory Research Group, Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G. Nicholson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Lancaster
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Helen Parfrey
- Cambridge Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Doris Rassl
- Cambridge Interstitial Lung Disease Service, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William Wallace
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Valenzi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Josyf Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Paul J. Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Maria Molina-Molina
- Servei de Pneumologia, Laboratori de Pneumologia Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - William A. Fahy
- Discovery Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian P. Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and
- National Institute for Health Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Toby M. Maher
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - R. Gisli Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Flores
- Genomics Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Imre Noth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
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10
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Li C, Guo Z, Liu F, An P, Wang M, Yang D, Tang Q. PCSK6 attenuates cardiac dysfunction in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by regulating autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 203:114-128. [PMID: 37061139 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used in the field of cancer, but its side effects on the heart hinder its clinical application. In cardiac injury caused by DOX, apoptosis and oxidative stress are both involved in cardiac damage, and autophagy is also one of the key responses. Both apoptosis and oxidative stress interact with autophagy. Proper promotion of autophagy effectively protects the myocardium and blocks cardiac injury. DOX mainly acts downstream of the autophagic flow and hinders the degradation process of autophagolysosomes, resulting in abnormal accumulation of autophagolysosomes in cells, which can prevent the timely removal of harmful substances and disrupt the normal function of cells. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 (PCSK6) is involved in the occurrence and development of various cardiovascular diseases, blood pressure regulation and the inflammatory response, but its role in DOX is still unclear. Here, we constructed cardiac PCSK6-overexpressing mice by injecting AAV9-PCSK6. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that overexpression of PCSK6 effectively protected cardiac function, inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress. We focused on the effect of PCSK6 overexpression on autophagy. We have detected an increase in autophagosomes production and a decrease in autophagolysosomes accumulation. This suggests that PCSK6 promotes the level of autophagy, while possibly acting on the sites where DOX inhibits degradation, so that the autophagic flux inhibited by DOX is restored and the degradation process of autophagolysosomes is restored. The effect of PCSK6 was dependent on FOXO3a, which promoted the nuclear translocation of Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a), and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulated the expression of FOXO3a. When SIRT1 was inhibited, the protective effect of PCSK6 was diminished. In conclusion, overexpression of PCSK6 exerts a protective effect through SIRT1/FOXO3a in cardiac injury induced by DOX, suggesting that PCSK6 may be a therapeutic target for DOX cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, PR China.
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11
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The study of selection signature and its applications on identification of candidate genes using whole genome sequencing data in chicken - a review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102657. [PMID: 37054499 PMCID: PMC10123265 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken is a major source of protein for the increasing human population and is useful for research purposes. There are almost 1,600 distinct regional breeds of chicken across the globe, among which a large body of genetic and phenotypic variations has been accumulated due to extensive natural and artificial selection. Moreover, natural selection is a crucial force for animal domestication. Several approaches have been adopted to detect selection signatures in different breeds of chicken using whole genome sequencing (WGS) data including integrated haplotype score (iHS), cross-populated extend haplotype homozygosity test (XP-EHH), fixation index (FST), cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR), nucleotide diversity (Pi), and others. In addition, gene enrichment analyses are utilized to determine KEGG pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms related to traits of interest in chicken. Herein, we review different studies that have adopted diverse approaches to detect selection signatures in different breeds of chicken. This review systematically summarizes different findings on selection signatures and related candidate genes in chickens. Future studies could combine different selection signatures approaches to strengthen the quality of the results thereby providing more affirmative inference. This would further aid in deciphering the importance of selection in chicken conservation for the increasing human population.
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12
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Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 6 in Cardiovascular Biology and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113429. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 6 (PCSK6) is a secreted serine protease expressed in most major organs, where it cleaves a wide range of growth factors, signaling molecules, peptide hormones, proteolytic enzymes, and adhesion proteins. Studies in Pcsk6-deficient mice have demonstrated the importance of Pcsk6 in embryonic development, body axis specification, ovarian function, and extracellular matrix remodeling in articular cartilage. In the cardiovascular system, PCSK6 acts as a key modulator in heart formation, lipoprotein metabolism, body fluid homeostasis, cardiac repair, and vascular remodeling. To date, dysregulated PCSK6 expression or function has been implicated in major cardiovascular diseases, including atrial septal defects, hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cardiac aging. In this review, we describe biochemical characteristics and posttranslational modifications of PCSK6. Moreover, we discuss the role of PCSK6 and related molecular mechanisms in cardiovascular biology and disease.
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13
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Zhang Y, Sun S, Du C, Hu K, Zhang C, Liu M, Wu Q, Dong N. Transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection is autoactivated intracellularly and requires N-glycosylation for regulation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102643. [PMID: 36309092 PMCID: PMC9598255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is a membrane-bound protease expressed in many human epithelial tissues, including the airway and lung. TMPRSS2-mediated cleavage of viral spike protein is a key mechanism in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 activation and host cell entry. To date, the cellular mechanisms that regulate TMPRSS2 activity and cell surface expression are not fully characterized. In this study, we examined two major post-translational events, zymogen activation and N-glycosylation, in human TMPRSS2. In experiments with human embryonic kidney 293, bronchial epithelial 16HBE, and lung alveolar epithelial A549 cells, we found that TMPRSS2 was activated via intracellular autocatalysis and that this process was blocked in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitors 1 and 2. By glycosidase digestion and site-directed mutagenesis, we showed that human TMPRSS2 was N-glycosylated. N-glycosylation at an evolutionarily conserved site in the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain was required for calnexin-assisted protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum and subsequent intracellular trafficking, zymogen activation, and cell surface expression. Moreover, we showed that TMPRSS2 cleaved severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein intracellularly in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. These results provide new insights into the cellular mechanism in regulating TMPRSS2 biosynthesis and function. Our findings should help to understand the role of TMPRSS2 in major respiratory viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shijin Sun
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Du
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Hu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,For correspondence: Qingyu Wu; Ningzheng Dong
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,For correspondence: Qingyu Wu; Ningzheng Dong
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14
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Folguieri MS, Franco ATB, Vieira AS, Gontijo JAR, Boer PA. Transcriptome and morphological analysis on the heart in gestational protein-restricted aging male rat offspring. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:892322. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.892322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adverse factors that influence embryo/fetal development are correlated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type-2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, impaired kidney development, psychiatric disorders, and enhanced susceptibility to oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in adulthood. Human and experimental studies have demonstrated a reciprocal relationship between birthweight and cardiovascular diseases, implying intrauterine adverse events in the onset of these abnormalities. In this way, it is plausible that confirmed functional and morphological heart changes caused by gestational protein restriction could be related to epigenetic effects anticipating cardiovascular disorders and reducing the survival time of these animals.Methods: Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to the protein diet content offered during the pregnancy: a normal protein diet (NP, 17%) or a Low-protein diet (LP, 6%). The arterial pressure was measured, and the cardiac mass, cardiomyocytes area, gene expression, collagen content, and immunostaining of proteins were performed in the cardiac tissue of male 62-weeks old NP compared to LP offspring.Results: In the current study, we showed a low birthweight followed by catch-up growth phenomena associated with high blood pressure development, increased heart collagen content, and cardiomyocyte area in 62-week-old LP offspring. mRNA sequencing analysis identified changes in the expression level of 137 genes, considering genes with a p-value < 0.05. No gene was. Significantly changed according to the adj-p-value. After gene-to-gene biological evaluation and relevance, the study demonstrated significant differences in genes linked to inflammatory activity, oxidative stress, apoptosis process, autophagy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis pathways resulting in heart function disorders.Conclusion: The present study suggests that gestational protein restriction leads to early cardiac diseases in the LP progeny. It is hypothesized that heart dysfunction is associated with fibrosis, myocyte hypertrophy, and multiple abnormal gene expression. Considering the above findings, it may suppose a close link between maternal protein restriction, specific gene expression, and progressive heart failure.
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15
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Abassi Z, Khoury EE, Karram T, Aronson D. Edema formation in congestive heart failure and the underlying mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:933215. [PMID: 36237903 PMCID: PMC9553007 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.933215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (HF) is a complex disease state characterized by impaired ventricular function and insufficient peripheral blood supply. The resultant reduced blood flow characterizing HF promotes activation of neurohormonal systems which leads to fluid retention, often exhibited as pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema, dyspnea, and fatigue. Despite intensive research, the exact mechanisms underlying edema formation in HF are poorly characterized. However, the unique relationship between the heart and the kidneys plays a central role in this phenomenon. Specifically, the interplay between the heart and the kidneys in HF involves multiple interdependent mechanisms, including hemodynamic alterations resulting in insufficient peripheral and renal perfusion which can lead to renal tubule hypoxia. Furthermore, HF is characterized by activation of neurohormonal factors including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) due to reduced cardiac output (CO) and renal perfusion. Persistent activation of these systems results in deleterious effects on both the kidneys and the heart, including sodium and water retention, vasoconstriction, increased central venous pressure (CVP), which is associated with renal venous hypertension/congestion along with increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). The latter was shown to reduce renal blood flow (RBF), leading to a decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Besides the activation of the above-mentioned vasoconstrictor/anti-natriuretic neurohormonal systems, HF is associated with exceptionally elevated levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). However, the supremacy of the deleterious neurohormonal systems over the beneficial natriuretic peptides (NP) in HF is evident by persistent sodium and water retention and cardiac remodeling. Many mechanisms have been suggested to explain this phenomenon which seems to be multifactorial and play a major role in the development of renal hyporesponsiveness to NPs and cardiac remodeling. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the development of edema in HF with reduced ejection fraction and refers to the therapeutic maneuvers applied today to overcome abnormal salt/water balance characterizing HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- *Correspondence: Zaid Abassi,
| | - Emad E. Khoury
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tony Karram
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Doron Aronson
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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16
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Zhou T, Zhang S, Du C, Wang K, Gu X, Sun S, Zhang X, Niu Y, Wang C, Liu M, Dong N, Wu Q. Renal Corin Is Essential for Normal Blood Pressure and Sodium Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911251. [PMID: 36232551 PMCID: PMC9570390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-mediated natriuresis is known as a cardiac endocrine function in sodium and body fluid homeostasis. Corin is a protease essential for ANP activation. Here, we studied the role of renal corin in regulating salt excretion and blood pressure. We created corin conditional knockout (cKO), in which the Corin gene was selectively disrupted in the kidney (kcKO) or heart (hcKO). We examined the blood pressure, urinary Na+ and Cl− excretion, and cardiac hypertrophy in wild-type, corin global KO, kcKO, and hcKO mice fed normal- and high-salt diets. We found that on a normal-salt diet (0.3% NaCl), corin kcKO and hcKO mice had increased blood pressure, indicating that both renal and cardiac corin is necessary for normal blood pressure in mice. On a high-salt diet (4% NaCl), reduced urinary Na+ and Cl− excretion, increased body weight, salt-exacerbated hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy were observed in corin kcKO mice. In contrast, impaired urinary Na+ and Cl− excretion and salt-exacerbated hypertension were not observed in corin hcKO mice. These results indicated that renal corin function is important in enhancing natriuresis upon high salt intakes and that this function cannot be compensated by the cardiac corin function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhou
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chunyu Du
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiabing Gu
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shijin Sun
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xianrui Zhang
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yayan Niu
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Can Wang
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (Q.W.)
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17
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Long C, Liu H, Zhan W, Chen L, Yu Z, Tian S, Xiang Y, Chen S, Tian X. Chronological attenuation of NPRA/PKG/AMPK signaling promotes vascular aging and elevates blood pressure. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13699. [PMID: 36016499 PMCID: PMC9470896 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is common in elderly population. We designed to search comprehensively for genes that are chronologically shifted in their expressions and to define their contributions to vascular aging and hypertension. RNA sequencing was conducted to search for senescence-shifted transcripts in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Small interfering RNA (siRNA), small-molecule drugs, CRISPR/Cas9 techniques, and imaging were used to determine genes' function and contributions to age-related phenotypes of the endothelial cell and blood vessel. Of 25 genes enriched in the term of "regulation of blood pressure," NPRA was changed most significantly. The decreased NPRA expression was replicated in aortas of aged mice. The knockdown of NPRA promoted HUVEC senescence and it decreased expressions of protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 (PKG), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Suppression of NPRA also decreased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as the ratio of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ )/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) but increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 8-Br-cGMP (analog of cGMP), or AICAR (AMPK activator), counteracted the observed changes in HUVECs. The Npr1+/- mice presented an elevated systolic blood pressure and their vessels became insensitive to endothelial-dependent vasodilators. Further, vessels from Npr1+/- mice increased Cdkn1a but decreased eNos expressions. These phenotypes were rescued by intravenously administrated 8-Br-cGMP and viral overexpression of human PKG, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrate NPRA/PKG/AMPK as a novel and critical signaling axis in the modulation of endothelial cell senescence, vascular aging, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkun Long
- Vascular Function LaboratoryHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Vascular Function LaboratoryHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
| | - Wenxing Zhan
- Vascular Function LaboratoryHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
| | - Liping Chen
- Vascular Function LaboratoryHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
| | - Zhenping Yu
- Institute of Translational MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchangChina,School of Life Science, Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Shane Tian
- Department of Biochemistry/ChemistryOhio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Yang Xiang
- Metabolic Control and AgingHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
| | - Shenghan Chen
- Vascular Function LaboratoryHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
| | - Xiao‐Li Tian
- Aging and Vascular DiseasesHuman Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang university, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human AgingNanchangChina
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18
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Zhang X, Li W, Zhou T, Liu M, Wu Q, Dong N. Corin Deficiency Alters Adipose Tissue Phenotype and Impairs Thermogenesis in Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081101. [PMID: 35892957 PMCID: PMC9329919 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a key regulator in body fluid balance and cardiovascular biology. In addition to its role in enhancing natriuresis and vasodilation, ANP increases lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissue. Corin is a protease responsible for ANP activation. It remains unknown if corin has a role in regulating adipose tissue function. Here, we examined adipose tissue morphology and function in corin knockout (KO) mice. We observed increased weights and cell sizes in white adipose tissue (WAT), decreased levels of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), a brown adipocyte marker in WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT), and suppressed thermogenic gene expression in BAT from corin KO mice. At regular room temperature, corin KO and wild-type mice had similar metabolic rates. Upon cold exposure at 4 °C, corin KO mice exhibited impaired thermogenic responses and developed hypothermia. In BAT from corin KO mice, the signaling pathway of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c coactivator 1a, and Ucp1 was impaired. In cell culture, ANP treatment increased Ucp1 expression in BAT-derived adipocytes from corin KO mice. These data indicate that corin mediated-ANP activation is an important hormonal mechanism in regulating adipose tissue function and body temperature upon cold exposure in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.Z.); (W.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wenguo Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.Z.); (W.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.Z.); (W.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.Z.); (W.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.Z.); (W.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (N.D.)
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.Z.); (W.L.); (T.Z.); (M.L.)
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (N.D.)
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19
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Dobó J, Kocsis A, Dani R, Gál P. Proprotein Convertases and the Complement System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958121. [PMID: 35874789 PMCID: PMC9296861 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins destined for secretion - after removal of the signal sequence - often undergo further proteolytic processing by proprotein convertases (PCs). Prohormones are typically processed in the regulated secretory pathway, while most plasma proteins travel though the constitutive pathway. The complement system is a major proteolytic cascade in the blood, serving as a first line of defense against microbes and also contributing to the immune homeostasis. Several complement components, namely C3, C4, C5 and factor I (FI), are multi-chain proteins that are apparently processed by PCs intracellularly. Cleavage occurs at consecutive basic residues and probably also involves the action of carboxypeptidases. The most likely candidate for the intracellular processing of complement proteins is furin, however, because of the overlapping specificities of basic amino acid residue-specific proprotein convertases, other PCs might be involved. To our surprise, we have recently discovered that processing of another complement protein, mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-3 (MASP-3) occurs in the blood by PCSK6 (PACE4). A similar mechanism had been described for the membrane protease corin, which is also activated extracellularly by PCSK6. In this review we intend to point out that the proper functioning of the complement system intimately depends on the action of proprotein convertases. In addition to the non-enzymatic components (C3, C4, C5), two constitutively active complement proteases are directly activated by PCs either intracellularly (FI), or extracellularly (MASP-3), moreover indirectly, through the constitutive activation of pro-factor D by MASP-3, the activity of the alternative pathway also depends on a PC present in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Péter Gál
- *Correspondence: József Dobó, ; Péter Gál,
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20
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Yang S, Li S, Lin F, Hsieh T, Huang P, Lin S. Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated With Increased Cardiac Corin Expression But Decreased Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide Conversion Activity. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025208. [PMID: 35861835 PMCID: PMC9707843 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.025208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Corin converts proatrial natriuretic peptide into its active form after being activated by PCSK6 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6) protease. It remains unknown whether the PCSK6/corin/atrial natriuretic peptide pathway plays a role in CKD‐induced cardiomyopathy.
Methods and Results
Serum corin, left ventricular mass index, and corin–left ventricular mass index correlation were compared between outpatients with versus without CKD. Cardiac corin expression and activity as well as serum corin were compared between 5/6 nephrectomy CKD animal models and sham controls. The effects of indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, on cardiomyocytes were examined in vitro in H9c2 cells. A total of 543 patients were enrolled in this study. Serum corin levels were elevated in patients with CKD compared with levels in patients without CKD. Serum corin levels correlated negatively with left ventricular mass index in participants without CKD, but not in patients with CKD. Compared with sham controls, CKD mice had higher serum corin levels and increased cardiac expression of corin but reduced cardiac corin conversion activity. Indoxyl sulfate stimulated corin expression while suppressing serine protease activity in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Lower PCSK6 expression in CKD mouse hearts and indoxyl sulfate–treated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts may explain, at least partly, the observed CKD‐associated reduction in corin activity.
Conclusions
In CKD, cardiac and serum levels of corin are increased, yet corin activity is suppressed. The latter may be attributable to reduced PCSK6 expression. These findings suggest that corin dysfunction may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CKD‐associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang‐Feng Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Cheng Hsin General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Szu‐Yuan Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- School of Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Feng‐Yen Lin
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tsung‐Han Hsieh
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Po‐Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shing‐Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center Cheng‐Hsin General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
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21
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Corin: A Key Mediator in Sodium Homeostasis, Vascular Remodeling, and Heart Failure. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050717. [PMID: 35625445 PMCID: PMC9138375 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is an important hormone that regulates many physiological and pathological processes, including electrolyte and body fluid balance, blood volume and pressure, cardiac channel activity and function, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, and vascular remodeling. Corin is a transmembrane serine protease that activates ANP. Variants in the CORIN gene are associated with cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and preeclampsia. The current data indicate a key role of corin-mediated ANP production and signaling in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of corin in sodium homeostasis, uterine spiral artery remodeling, and heart failure. Abstract Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a crucial element of the cardiac endocrine function that promotes natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation, thereby protecting normal blood pressure and cardiac function. Corin is a type II transmembrane serine protease that is highly expressed in the heart, where it converts the ANP precursor to mature ANP. Corin deficiency prevents ANP activation and causes hypertension and heart disease. In addition to the heart, corin is expressed in other tissues, including those of the kidney, skin, and uterus, where corin-mediated ANP production and signaling act locally to promote sodium excretion and vascular remodeling. These results indicate that corin and ANP function in many tissues via endocrine and autocrine mechanisms. In heart failure patients, impaired natriuretic peptide processing is a common pathological mechanism that contributes to sodium and body fluid retention. In this review, we discuss most recent findings regarding the role of corin in non-cardiac tissues, including the kidney and skin, in regulating sodium homeostasis and body fluid excretion. Moreover, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying corin and ANP function in supporting orderly cellular events in uterine spiral artery remodeling. Finally, we assess the potential of corin-based approaches to enhance natriuretic peptide production and activity as a treatment of heart failure.
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22
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Pcsk6 Deficiency Promotes Cardiomyocyte Senescence by Modulating Ddit3-Mediated ER Stress. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040711. [PMID: 35456517 PMCID: PMC9028967 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac aging is a critical determinant of cardiac dysfunction, which contributes to cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 6 (PCSK6) is a proteolytic enzyme important for the maintenance of cardiac function and vascular homeostasis. To date, the involvement of PCSK6 in cardiac aging remains unknown. Here we report that PCSK6 expression decreased in the hearts of aged mice, where high levels cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (P16) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) (senescence markers) were observed. Moreover, PCSK6 protein expression was significantly reduced in senescent rat embryonic cardiomyocytes (H9c2) induced by D-galactose. Pcsk6 knockdown in H9c2 cells increased P16 and P21 expression levels and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. Pcsk6 knockdown also impaired cardiomyocyte function, as indicated by increased advanced glycation end products, reactive oxygen species level, and apoptosis. Overexpression of PCSK6 blunted the senescence phenotype and cellular dysfunction. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analysis in Pcsk6-knockdown H9c2 cells identified the up-regulated DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 (Ddit3) gene involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein processing. Additionally, DDIT3 protein levels were remarkably increased in aged mouse hearts. In the presence of tunicamycin, an ER stress inducer, DDIT3 expression increased in Pcsk6-deficient H9c2 cells but reduced in PCSK6-overexpressing cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that PCSK6 modulates cardiomyocyte senescence possibly via DDIT3-mediated ER stress.
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23
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Lunardi M, Al-Habbaa A, Abdelshafy M, Davey MG, Elkoumy A, Ganly S, Elzomor H, Cawley C, Sharif F, Crowley J, Kerin M, Wijns W, Lowery A, Soliman O. Genetic and RNA-related molecular markers of trastuzumab-chemotherapy-associated cardiotoxicity in HER2 positive breast cancer: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:396. [PMID: 35413811 PMCID: PMC9004047 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-therapy related cardiotoxicity (CTRCT) is a significant and frequent complication of monoclonal antibody directed therapy, especially Trastuzumab, for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpressing breast cancers. Reliable, clinically available molecular predictive markers of CTRCT have not yet been developed. Identifying specific genetic variants and their molecular markers, which make the host susceptible to this complication is key to personalised risk stratification. A systematic review was conducted until April 2021, using the Medline, Embase databases and Google Scholar, to identify studies genetic and RNA-related markers associated with CTRCT in HER2 positive breast cancer patients. So far, researchers have mainly focused on HER2 related polymorphisms, revealing codons 655 and 1170 variants as the most likely SNPs associated with cardiotoxicity, despite some contradictory results. More recently, new potential genetic markers unrelated to the HER2 gene, and linked to known cardiomyopathy genes or to genes regulating cardiomyocytes apoptosis and metabolism, have been detected. Moreover, microRNAs are gaining increasing recognition as additional potential molecular markers in the cardio-oncology field, supported by encouraging preliminary data about their relationship with cardiotoxicity in breast cancers. In this review, we sought to synthesize evidence for genetic variants and RNA-related molecular markers associated with cardiotoxicity in HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lunardi
- Discipline of Cardiology, Saolta Group, Galway University Hospital, Health Service Executive and CORRIB Core Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,The Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and CURAM, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
| | - Ahmed Al-Habbaa
- Discipline of Cardiology, Saolta Group, Galway University Hospital, Health Service Executive and CORRIB Core Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.,Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelshafy
- Discipline of Cardiology, Saolta Group, Galway University Hospital, Health Service Executive and CORRIB Core Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Matthew G Davey
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ahmed Elkoumy
- Discipline of Cardiology, Saolta Group, Galway University Hospital, Health Service Executive and CORRIB Core Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Sandra Ganly
- Discipline of Cardiology, Saolta Group, Galway University Hospital, Health Service Executive and CORRIB Core Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.,The Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and CURAM, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hesham Elzomor
- Discipline of Cardiology, Saolta Group, Galway University Hospital, Health Service Executive and CORRIB Core Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Christian Cawley
- Discipline of Cardiology, Saolta Group, Galway University Hospital, Health Service Executive and CORRIB Core Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Faisal Sharif
- Discipline of Cardiology, Saolta Group, Galway University Hospital, Health Service Executive and CORRIB Core Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - James Crowley
- Discipline of Cardiology, Saolta Group, Galway University Hospital, Health Service Executive and CORRIB Core Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Michael Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - William Wijns
- Discipline of Cardiology, Saolta Group, Galway University Hospital, Health Service Executive and CORRIB Core Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.,The Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine and CURAM, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland.,Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Lowery
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Osama Soliman
- Discipline of Cardiology, Saolta Group, Galway University Hospital, Health Service Executive and CORRIB Core Lab, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland. .,Precision Cardio-Oncology Research Enterprise (P-CORE), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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24
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Chen Y, Gu X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang C, Liu M, Sun S, Dong N, Wu Q. CD320 expression and apical membrane targeting in renal and intestinal epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:85-92. [PMID: 34998874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient acquired via dietary intake. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a key mechanism in vitamin B12 absorption, cellular uptake, and reabsorption. CD320 is a type I transmembrane protein responsible for cellular uptake of vitamin B12 in peripheral tissues. In this study, we examined segmental distribution and cellular expression of CD320 in mouse kidneys and intestines. We show that CD320 is expressed on the luminal surface in the small intestine and in proximal tubules in the kidney, suggesting that, in addition to its role in vitamin B12 uptake in peripheral tissues, CD320 may participate in vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine and reabsorption in the kidney. Moreover, we show that an amino acid motif, DSSDE, in the second low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain of CD320 is a key apical membrane targeting signal in both renal and intestinal epithelial cells. Mutations or deletion of this motif abolish the specific apical membrane expression of CD320 in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and human colon cancer-derived Caco-2 cells. In short-hairpin RNA-based gene knockdown experiments, we show that the apical membrane targeting of CD320 is mediated by a Rab11a-dependent mechanism. These results extend our knowledge regarding the cell biology of CD320 and its role in vitamin B12 metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiabing Gu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xianrui Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shijin Sun
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Medical School, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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25
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Liu T, Li H, Conley YP, Primack BA, Wang J, Lo WJ, Li C. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Prediabetes Status Change. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:881633. [PMID: 35769078 PMCID: PMC9234217 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.881633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted the first genome-wide association study of prediabetes status change (to diabetes or normal glycaemia) among 900 White participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based analysis was performed by logistic regression models, controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and the first 3 genetic principal components. Gene-based analysis was conducted by combining SNP-based p values using effective Chi-square test method. Promising SNPs (p < 1×10-5) and genes (p < 1×10-4) were further evaluated for replication among 514 White participants of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). To accommodate familial correlations, generalized estimation equation models were applied for SNP-based analyses in the FHS. Analysis results across ARIC and FHS were combined using inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis method for SNPs and Fisher's method for genes. We robustly identified 5 novel genes that are associated with prediabetes status change using gene-based analyses, including SGCZ (ARIC p = 9.93×10-6, FHS p = 2.00×10-3, Meta p = 3.72×10-7) at 8p22, HPSE2 (ARIC p = 8.26×10-19, FHS p = 5.85×10-3, Meta p < 8.26×10-19) at 10q24.2, ADGRA1 (ARIC p = 1.34×10-5, FHS p = 1.13×10-3, Meta p = 2.88×10-7) at 10q26.3, GLB1L3 (ARIC p = 3.71×10-6, FHS p = 4.51×10-3, Meta p = 3.16×10-7) at 11q25, and PCSK6 (ARIC p = 6.51×10-6, FHS p = 1.10×10-2, Meta p = 1.25×10-6) at 15q26.3. eQTL analysis indicated that these genes were highly expressed in tissues related to diabetes development. However, we were not able to identify any novel locus in single SNP-based analysis. Future large scale genomic studies of prediabetes status change are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Hongjin Li
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yvette P. Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian A. Primack
- College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Wen-Juo Lo
- College of Education and Health Professions, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Changwei Li,
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26
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Mohamadipoor Saadatabadi L, Mohammadabadi M, Amiri Ghanatsaman Z, Babenko O, Stavetska R, Kalashnik O, Kucher D, Kochuk-Yashchenko O, Asadollahpour Nanaei H. Signature selection analysis reveals candidate genes associated with production traits in Iranian sheep breeds. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:369. [PMID: 34861880 PMCID: PMC8641187 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheep were among the first animals to be domesticated. They are raised all over the world and produce a major scale of animal-based protein for human consumption and play an important role in agricultural economy. Iran is one of the important locations for sheep genetic resources in the world. Here, we compared the Illumina Ovine SNP50 BeadChip data of three Iranian local breeds (Moghani, Afshari and Gezel), as a population that does not undergone artificial breeding programs as yet, and five other sheep breeds namely East Friesian white, East Friesian brown, Lacaune, DorsetHorn and Texel to detect genetic mechanisms underlying economical traits and daptation to harsh environments in sheep. RESULTS To identify genomic regions that have been targeted by positive selection, we used fixation index (Fst) and nucleotide diversity (Pi) statistics. Further analysis indicated candidate genes involved in different important traits such as; wool production included crimp of wool (PTPN3, NBEA and KRTAP20-2 genes), fiber diameter (PIK3R4 gene), hair follicle development (LHX2 gene), the growth and development of fiber (COL17A1 gene)), adaptation to hot arid environments (CORIN gene), adaptive in deficit water status (CPQ gene), heat stress (PLCB4, FAM107B, NBEA, PIK3C2B and USP43 genes) in sheep. CONCLUSIONS We detected several candidate genes related to wool production traits and adaptation to hot arid environments in sheep that can be applicable for inbreeding goals. Our findings not only include the results of previous researches, but also identify a number of novel candidate genes related to studied traits. However, more works will be essential to acknowledge phenotype- genotype relationships of the identified genes in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zeinab Amiri Ghanatsaman
- Department of Animal Science, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
| | - Olena Babenko
- Department of Animal Science, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Soborna, Bila Tserkva, Kyivska Oblast, Ukraine
| | - Ruslana Stavetska
- Department of Animal Science, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Soborna, Bila Tserkva, Kyivska Oblast, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Kalashnik
- Department of Animal Science, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Kucher
- Department of Breeding, Animal Genetics and Biotechnology, Polissia National University, Zhytomyr, Ukraine
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27
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Khoury EE, Fokra A, Kinaneh S, Knaney Y, Aronson D, Abassi Z. Distribution of Cardiac and Renal Corin and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin-6 in the Experimental Model of Cardio-Renal Syndrome of Various Severities. Front Physiol 2021; 12:673497. [PMID: 34733169 PMCID: PMC8558519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.673497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) often leads to progressive cardiac hypertrophy and salt/water retention. However, its pathogenesis remains largely unclarified. Corin, a cardiac serine protease, is responsible for converting proANP and proBNP to biologically active peptides. Although the involvement of corin in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure was extensively studied, the alterations in corin and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-6 (PCSK6), a key enzyme in the conversion of procorin to corin, has not been studied simultaneously in the cardiac and renal tissues in cardiorenal syndrome. Thus, this study aims to examine the status of PCSK6/corin in the cardiac and renal tissues of rats with CHF induced by the creation of aorto-caval fistula (ACF). We divided rats with ACF into two subgroups based on the pattern of their urinary sodium excretion, namely, compensated and decompensated. Placement of ACF led to cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary congestion, and renal dysfunction, which were more profound in the decompensated subgroup. Corin immunoreactive peptides were detected in all heart chambers at the myocyte membranal and cytosolic localization and in the renal tissue, especially in the apical membrane of the proximal tubule, mTAL, and the collecting duct. Interestingly, the expression and abundance of corin in both the cardiac ventricles and renal tissues were significantly increased in compensated animals as compared with the decompensated state. Noteworthy, the abundance of PCSK6 in these tissues followed a similar pattern as corin. In contrast, furin expression was upregulated in the cardiac and renal tissues in correlation with CHF severity. We hypothesize that the obtained upregulation of cardiac and renal PCSK6/corin in rats with compensated CHF may represent a compensatory response aiming at maintaining normal Na+ balance, whereas the decline in these two enzymes may contribute to the pathogenesis of avid sodium retention, cardiac hypertrophy, and blunted atrial natriuretic peptide/brain natriuretic peptide actions in decompensated CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad E Khoury
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ahmad Fokra
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Safa Kinaneh
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yara Knaney
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Doron Aronson
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Rubattu S, Gallo G. The Natriuretic Peptides for Hypertension Treatment. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 29:15-21. [PMID: 34727352 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a common pathological condition predisposing to a higher occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and events. Unfortunately, treatment of hypertension is still suboptimal worldwide. More efforts are needed to implement the availability of anti-hypertensive drugs. The family of natriuretic peptides, including atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP), play a key role on blood pressure regulation through the natriuretic, diuretic and vasorelaxant effects. A large number of experimental and human studies, ranging from pathophysiological to genetic investigations, supported ANP as the most relevant component of the family able to modulate blood pressure and to contribute to hypertension development. On this background, it is expected that ANP-based therapeutic approaches may give a significant contribution to the development of efficacious therapies against hypertension. Since native ANP cannot be administered due to its short half-life, several approaches were attempted over the years to overcome the difficulties inherent to the ANP instability. These approaches included ANP recombinant and fusion peptides, gene therapy, inhibition of ANP degradation by neprilysin inhibition, and designer peptides. The most relevant achievements in the field are discussed in this article. Based on the available evidence, therapies targeting ANP represent efficacious and clinically applicable anti-hypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Zhang W, Li S, Lou J, Li H, Liu M, Dong N, Wu Q. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes uterine decidualization and a TRAIL-dependent mechanism in spiral artery remodeling. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e151053. [PMID: 34473650 DOI: 10.1172/jci151053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is an important hormone in cardiovascular biology. It is activated by the protease corin. In pregnancy, ANP and corin promote uterine spiral artery remodeling, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we report an ANP function in uterine decidualization and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-dependent (TRAIL-dependent) death in spiral arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). In ANP- or corin-deficient mice, uterine decidualization markers and TRAIL expression were decreased, whereas in cultured human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs), ANP increased decidualization and TRAIL expression. In uterine spiral arteries from pregnant wild-type mice, SMC and EC loss occurred sequentially before trophoblast invasion. In culture, TRAIL from decidualized HESCs induced apoptosis in uterine SMCs, but not in ECs with low TRAIL receptor expression. Subsequently, cyclophilin B was identified from apoptotic SMCs that upregulated endothelial TRAIL receptor and caused apoptosis in ECs. These results indicate that ANP promotes decidualization and TRAIL expression in endometrial stromal cells, contributing to sequential events in remodeling of spiral arteries, including SMC death and cyclophilin B release, which in turn induces TRAIL receptor expression and apoptosis in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jinglei Lou
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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30
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Martin CE, Murray AS, Sala-Hamrick KE, Mackinder JR, Harrison EC, Lundgren JG, Varela FA, List K. Posttranslational modifications of serine protease TMPRSS13 regulate zymogen activation, proteolytic activity, and cell surface localization. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101227. [PMID: 34562451 PMCID: PMC8503615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
TMPRSS13, a member of the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family, harbors four N-linked glycosylation sites in its extracellular domain. Two of the glycosylated residues are located in the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) protein domain, while the remaining two sites are in the catalytic serine protease (SP) domain. In this study, we examined the role of N-linked glycosylation in the proteolytic activity, autoactivation, and cellular localization of TMPRSS13. Individual and combinatory site-directed mutagenesis of the glycosylated asparagine residues indicated that glycosylation of the SP domain is critical for TMPRSS13 autoactivation and catalytic activity toward one of its protein substrates, the prostasin zymogen. Additionally, SP domain glycosylation-deficient TMPRSS13 displayed impaired trafficking of TMPRSS13 to the cell surface, which correlated with increased retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. Importantly, we showed that N-linked glycosylation was a critical determinant for subsequent phosphorylation of endogenous TMPRSS13. Taken together, we conclude that glycosylation plays an important role in regulating TMPRSS13 activation and activity, phosphorylation, and cell surface localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly E Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew S Murray
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jacob R Mackinder
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Evan C Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph G Lundgren
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Fausto A Varela
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Karin List
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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Function and regulation of corin in physiology and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1905-1916. [PMID: 33125488 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is of major importance in the maintenance of electrolyte balance and normal blood pressure. Reduced plasma ANP levels are associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Corin is a type II transmembrane serine protease that converts the ANP precursor to mature ANP. Corin deficiency prevents ANP generation and alters electrolyte and body fluid homeostasis. Corin is synthesized as a zymogen that is proteolytically activated on the cell surface. Factors that disrupt corin folding, intracellular trafficking, cell surface expression, and zymogen activation are expected to impair corin function. To date, CORIN variants that reduce corin activity have been identified in hypertensive patients. In addition to the heart, corin expression has been detected in non-cardiac tissues, where corin and ANP participate in diverse physiological processes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in corin biosynthesis and post-translational modifications. We also discuss tissue-specific corin expression and function in physiology and disease.
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Maligłówka M, Bułdak Ł, Okopień B, Bołdys A. The consequences of PCSK9 inhibition in selected tissues. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.9127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is one of nine members of the proprotein
convertase family. These serine proteases play a pivotal role in the post-translational
modification of proteins and the activation of hormones, enzymes, transcription factors and
growth factors. As a result, they participate in many physiological processes like embryogenesis,
activity of central nervous system and lipid metabolism. Scientific studies show
that the family of convertases is also involved in the pathogenesis of viral and bacterial
infections, osteoporosis, hyperglycaemia, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders
and cancer. The inhibition of PCSK9 by two currently approved for use monoclonal
antibodies (alirocumab, evolocumab) slows down the degradation of low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol receptors (LDLRs). This leads to increased density of LDLRs on the surface
of hepatocytes, resulting in decreased level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)
in the bloodstream, which is connected with the reduction of cardiovascular risk. PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) were created for the patients who could not achieve appropriate level
of LDL-C using current statin and ezetimibe therapy. It seems that high therapeutic efficacy
of PCSK9i will make them more common in the clinical use. The pleiotropic effects
of previously mentioned lipid-lowering therapies were the reasons for literature review of
possible positive and negative effects of PCSK9 inhibition beyond cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maligłówka
- Katedra Farmakologii, Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych i Farmakologii Klinicznej, Wydział Nauk Medycznych Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach
| | - Łukasz Bułdak
- Katedra Farmakologii, Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych i Farmakologii Klinicznej, Wydział Nauk Medycznych Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Katedra Farmakologii, Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych i Farmakologii Klinicznej, Wydział Nauk Medycznych Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach
| | - Aleksandra Bołdys
- Katedra Farmakologii, Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych i Farmakologii Klinicznej, Wydział Nauk Medycznych Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach
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33
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Choi MR, Fernández BE. Protective Renal Effects of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: Where Are We Now? Front Physiol 2021; 12:680213. [PMID: 34135773 PMCID: PMC8202499 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.680213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide belongs to the family of natriuretic peptides, a system with natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilator effects that opposes to renin-angiotensin system. In addition to its classic actions, atrial natriuretic peptide exerts a nephroprotective effect given its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, turning it as a beneficial agent against acute and chronic kidney diseases. This minireview describes the most relevant aspects of atrial natriuretic peptide in the kidney, including its renal synthesis, physiological actions through specific receptors, the importance of its metabolism, and its potential use in different pathological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Roberto Choi
- Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación H.A. Barceló, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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34
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Abstract
The kexin-like proprotein convertases perform the initial proteolytic cleavages that ultimately generate a variety of different mature peptide and proteins, ranging from brain neuropeptides to endocrine peptide hormones, to structural proteins, among others. In this review, we present a general introduction to proprotein convertase structure and biochemistry, followed by a comprehensive discussion of each member of the kexin-like subfamily of proprotein convertases. We summarize current knowledge of human proprotein convertase insufficiency syndromes, including genome-wide analyses of convertase polymorphisms, and compare these to convertase null and mutant mouse models. These mouse models have illuminated our understanding of the roles specific convertases play in human disease and have led to the identification of convertase-specific substrates; for example, the identification of procorin as a specific PACE4 substrate in the heart. We also discuss the limitations of mouse null models in interpreting human disease, such as differential precursor cleavage due to species-specific sequence differences, and the challenges presented by functional redundancy among convertases in attempting to assign specific cleavages and/or physiological roles. However, in most cases, knockout mouse models have added substantively both to our knowledge of diseases caused by human proprotein convertase insufficiency and to our appreciation of their normal physiological roles, as clearly seen in the case of the furin, proprotein convertase 1/3, and proprotein convertase 5/6 mouse models. The creation of more sophisticated mouse models with tissue- or temporally-restricted expression of specific convertases will improve our understanding of human proprotein convertase insufficiency and potentially provide support for the emerging concept of therapeutic inhibition of convertases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manita Shakya
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iris Lindberg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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35
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Oroszlán G, Dani R, Végh BM, Varga D, Ács AV, Pál G, Závodszky P, Farkas H, Gál P, Dobó J. Proprotein Convertase Is the Highest-Level Activator of the Alternative Complement Pathway in the Blood. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2198-2205. [PMID: 33858964 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Factor D (FD) is an essential element of the alternative pathway of the complement system, and it circulates predominantly in cleaved, activated form in the blood. In resting blood, mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 3 (MASP-3) is the exclusive activator of pro-FD. Similarly to FD, MASP-3 also circulates mainly in the active form. It was not clear, however, how zymogen MASP-3 is activated. To decipher its activation mechanism, we followed the cleavage of MASP-3 in human hirudin plasma. Our data suggest that neither lectin pathway proteases nor any protease controlled by C1-inhibitor are required for MASP-3 activation. However, EDTA and the general proprotein convertase inhibitor decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone completely prevented activation of exogenous MASP-3 added to blood samples. In this study, we show that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin (PCSK) 5 and PCSK6 are able to activate MASP-3 in vitro. Unlike PCSK5, PCSK6 was detected in human serum and plasma, and previously PCSK6 had also been shown to activate corin in the circulation. In all, PCSK6 emerges as the MASP-3 activator in human blood. These findings clarify the very first step of the activation of the alternative pathway and also connect the complement and the proprotein convertase systems in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Oroszlán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ráhel Dani
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara M Végh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Dóra Varga
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea V Ács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pál
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Péter Závodszky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriette Farkas
- Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
| | - József Dobó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
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36
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Chen L, Chou CL, Knepper MA. A Comprehensive Map of mRNAs and Their Isoforms across All 14 Renal Tubule Segments of Mouse. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:897-912. [PMID: 33769951 PMCID: PMC8017530 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The repertoire of protein expression along the renal tubule depends both on regulation of transcription and regulation of alternative splicing that can generate multiple proteins from a single gene. METHODS A full-length, small-sample RNA-seq protocol profiled transcriptomes for all 14 renal tubule segments microdissected from mouse kidneys. RESULTS This study identified >34,000 transcripts, including 3709 that were expressed in a segment-specific manner. All data are provided as an online resource (https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/MRECA/Nephron/). Many of the genes expressed in unique patterns along the renal tubule were solute carriers, transcription factors, or G protein-coupled receptors that account for segment-specific function. Mapping the distribution of transcripts associated with Wnk-SPAK-PKA signaling, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone signaling, and cystic diseases of the kidney illustrated the applications of the online resource. The method allowed full-length mapping of RNA-seq reads, which facilitated comprehensive, unbiased characterization of alternative exon usage along the renal tubule, including known isoforms of Cldn10, Kcnj1 (ROMK), Slc12a1 (NKCC2), Wnk1, Stk39 (SPAK), and Slc14a2 (UT-A urea transporter). It also identified many novel isoforms with segment-specific distribution. These included variants associated with altered protein structure (Slc9a8, Khk, Tsc22d1, and Scoc), and variants that may affect untranslated, regulatory regions of transcripts (Pth1r, Pkar1a, and Dab2). CONCLUSIONS Full-length, unbiased sequencing of transcripts identified gene-expression patterns along the mouse renal tubule. The data, provided as an online resource, include both quantitative and qualitative differences in transcripts. Identification of alternative splicing along the renal tubule may prove critical to understanding renal physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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37
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Niu Y, Zhang S, Gu X, Zhou T, Li F, Liu M, Wu Q, Dong N. Recombinant Soluble Corin Improves Cardiac Function in Mouse Models of Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019961. [PMID: 33759549 PMCID: PMC8174325 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Corin is a transmembrane protease that activates ANP and BNP (atrial and B‐type natriuretic peptides). Impaired corin expression and function are associated with heart failure. In this study, we characterized a soluble form of corin (sCorin) and examined its effects on cardiac morphology and function in mouse heart failure models. Methods and Results sCorin, consisting of the full‐length extracellular fragment of human corin with an engineered activation site, was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, purified from the conditioned medium with affinity chromatography, and characterized in pro‐ANP processing assays in vitro and pharmacokinetic studies in mice. Effects of sCorin on mouse models of heart failure induced by left coronary artery ligation and transverse aortic constriction were assessed by ELISA analysis of plasma markers, histologic examination, and echocardiography. We showed that purified and activated sCorin converted pro‐ANP to ANP that stimulated cGMP production in cultured cells. In mice, intravenously and intraperitoneally administered sCorin had plasma half‐lives of 3.5±0.1 and 8.3±0.3 hour, respectively. In the mouse heart failure models, intraperitoneal injection of sCorin increased plasma ANP, BNP, and cGMP levels; lowered plasma levels of NT‐proANP (N‐terminal‐pro‐ANP), angiotensin II, and aldosterone; reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis; and improved cardiac function. Conclusions We show that sCorin treatment enhanced natriuretic peptide processing and activity, suppressed the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, and improved cardiac morphology and function in mice with failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayan Niu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention The First Affiliated HospitalMedical CollegeSoochow University Suzhou China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Jiangsu Institute of HematologySoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention The First Affiliated HospitalMedical CollegeSoochow University Suzhou China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Jiangsu Institute of HematologySoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Xiabing Gu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention The First Affiliated HospitalMedical CollegeSoochow University Suzhou China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Jiangsu Institute of HematologySoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention The First Affiliated HospitalMedical CollegeSoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Feng Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention The First Affiliated HospitalMedical CollegeSoochow University Suzhou China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Jiangsu Institute of HematologySoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention The First Affiliated HospitalMedical CollegeSoochow University Suzhou China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention The First Affiliated HospitalMedical CollegeSoochow University Suzhou China.,Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic Cleveland OH
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention The First Affiliated HospitalMedical CollegeSoochow University Suzhou China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Jiangsu Institute of HematologySoochow University Suzhou China
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Gu J, Liang Q, Liu C, Li S. Genomic Analyses Reveal Adaptation to Hot Arid and Harsh Environments in Native Chickens of China. Front Genet 2021; 11:582355. [PMID: 33424922 PMCID: PMC7793703 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.582355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute thermal response has been extensively studied in commercial chickens because of the adverse effects of heat stress on poultry production worldwide. Here, we performed whole-genome resequencing of autochthonous Niya chicken breed native to the Taklimakan Desert region as well as of 11 native chicken breeds that are widely distributed and reared under native humid and temperate areas. We used combined statistical analysis to search for putative genes that might be related to the adaptation of hot arid and harsh environment in Niya chickens. We obtained a list of intersected candidate genes with log2 θπ ratio, FST and XP-CLR (including 123 regions of 21 chromosomes with the average length of 54.4 kb) involved in different molecular processes and pathways implied complex genetic mechanisms of adaptation of native chickens to hot arid and harsh environments. We identified several selective regions containing genes that were associated with the circulatory system and blood vessel development (BVES, SMYD1, IL18, PDGFRA, NRP1, and CORIN), related to central nervous system development (SIM2 and NALCN), related to apoptosis (CLPTM1L, APP, CRADD, and PARK2) responded to stimuli (AHR, ESRRG FAS, and UBE4B) and involved in fatty acid metabolism (FABP1). Our findings provided the genomic evidence of the complex genetic mechanisms of adaptation to hot arid and harsh environments in chickens. These results may improve our understanding of thermal, drought, and harsh environment acclimation in chickens and may serve as a valuable resource for developing new biotechnological tools to breed stress-tolerant chicken lines and or breeds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Qiqi Liang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Can Liu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Maxun Biotechnology Institute, Changsha, China
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Li S, Wang L, Sun S, Wu Q. Hepsin: a multifunctional transmembrane serine protease in pathobiology. FEBS J 2020; 288:5252-5264. [PMID: 33300264 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell membrane-bound serine proteases are important in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. Hepsin is a type II transmembrane serine protease highly expressed in the liver. Recent studies indicate that hepsin activates prohepatocyte growth factor in the liver to enhance Met signaling, thereby regulating glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. In addition, hepsin functions in nonhepatic tissues, including the adipose tissue, kidney, and inner ear, to regulate adipocyte differentiation, urinary protein processing, and auditory function, respectively. In mouse models, hepsin deficiency lowers blood glucose, lipid, and protein levels, impairs uromodulin assembly in renal epithelial cells, and causes hearing loss. Elevated hepsin expression has also been found in many cancers. As a type II transmembrane protease, cell surface expression and zymogen activation are essential for hepsin activity. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding hepsin biosynthesis, activation, and functions in pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - Lina Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shijin Sun
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.,Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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40
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Zhang C, Chen Y, Sun S, Zhang Y, Wang L, Luo Z, Liu M, Dong L, Dong N, Wu Q. A conserved LDL-receptor motif regulates corin and CD320 membrane targeting in polarized renal epithelial cells. eLife 2020; 9:56059. [PMID: 33136001 PMCID: PMC7605860 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective protein distribution on distinct plasma membranes is important for epithelial cell function. To date, how proteins are directed to specific epithelial cell surface is not fully understood. Here we report a conserved DSSDE motif in LDL-receptor (LDLR) modules of corin (a transmembrane serine protease) and CD320 (a receptor for vitamin B12 uptake), which regulates apical membrane targeting in renal epithelial cells. Altering this motif prevents specific apical corin and CD320 expression in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Mechanistic studies indicate that this DSSDE motif participates in a Rab11a-dependent mechanism that specifies apical sorting. In MDCK cells, inhibition of Rab11a, but not Rab11b, expression leads to corin and CD320 expression on both apical and basolateral membranes. Together, our results reveal a novel molecular recognition mechanism that regulates LDLR module-containing proteins in their specific apical expression in polarized renal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shijin Sun
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhipu Luo
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
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N-glycan in the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain of hepsin promotes intracellular trafficking and cell surface expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:818-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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Zhao J, Pei L. Cardiac Endocrinology: Heart-Derived Hormones in Physiology and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:949-960. [PMID: 33015416 PMCID: PMC7524786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heart plays a central role in the circulatory system and provides essential oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors to the whole organism. The heart can synthesize and secrete endocrine signals to communicate with distant target organs. Studies of long-known and recently discovered heart-derived hormones highlight a shared theme and reveal a unified mechanism of heart-derived hormones in coordinating cardiac function and target organ biology. This paper reviews the biochemistry, signaling, function, regulation, and clinical significance of representative heart-derived hormones, with a focus on the cardiovascular system. This review also discusses important and exciting questions that will advance the field of cardiac endocrinology.
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Key Words
- ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide
- ActR, activin receptor
- BNP, brain natriuretic peptide
- CNP, C-type natriuretic peptide
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FSTL, follistatin-like
- GDF, growth differentiation factor
- GDF15
- GFRAL, GDNF family receptor α-like
- NPR, natriuretic peptide receptors
- PCSK, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type
- ST2, suppression of tumorigenesis-2
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- cardiac endocrinology
- heart
- heart-derived hormones
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liming Pei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Lee SJ, Lee DH, Kim HW. Novel Antihypertension Mechanism of β-Glucan by Corin and ANP-Mediated Natriuresis in Mice. MYCOBIOLOGY 2020; 48:399-409. [PMID: 33177919 PMCID: PMC7580771 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1812150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many of the β-glucans are known to have antihypertensive activities, but, except for angiotensin-converting enzyme II inhibition, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Corin is an atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-converting enzyme. Activated corin cleaves pro-ANP to ANP, which regulates water-sodium balance and lowers blood pressure. Here, we reported a novel antihypertensive mechanism of β-glucans, involved with corin and ANP in mice. We showed that multiple oral administrations of β-glucan induced the expression of corin and ANP, and also increased natriuresis in mice. Microarray analysis showed that corin gene expression was only upregulated in mice liver by multiple, not single, oral administrations of the β-glucan fraction of Phellinus baumii (BGF). Corin was induced in liver and kidney tissues by the β-glucans from zymosan and barley, as well as by BGF. In addition to P. baumii, β-glucans from two other mushrooms, Phellinus linteus and Ganoderma lucidum, also induced corin mRNA expression in mouse liver. ELISA immunoassays showed that ANP production was increased in liver tissue by all the β-glucans tested, but not in the heart and kidney. Urinary sodium excretion was significantly increased by treatment with β-glucans in the order of BGF, zymosan, and barley, both in 1% normal and 10% high-sodium diets. In conclusion, we found that the oral administration of β-glucans could induce corin expression, ANP production, and sodium excretion in mice. Our findings will be helpful for investigations of β-glucans in corin and ANP-related fields, including blood pressure, salt-water balance, and circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jung Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Ha Won Kim
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44
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He M, Zhang Y, Li H, Liu M, Dong N, Wu Q. A common CORIN variant in hypertension reduces corin intracellular trafficking by exposing an inhibitory N-terminus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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Krylatov AV, Tsibulnikov SY, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Boshchenko AA, Goldberg VE, Jaggi AS, Erben RG, Maslov LN. The Role of Natriuretic Peptides in the Regulation of Cardiac Tolerance to Ischemia/Reperfusion and Postinfarction Heart Remodeling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 26:131-148. [PMID: 32840121 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420952243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the past 10 years, mortality from acute myocardial infarction has not decreased despite the widespread introduction of percutaneous coronary intervention. The reason for this situation is the absence in clinical practice of drugs capable of preventing reperfusion injury of the heart with high efficiency. In this regard, noteworthy natriuretic peptides (NPs) which have the infarct-limiting effect, prevent reperfusion cardiac injury, prevent adverse post-infarction remodeling of the heart. Atrial natriuretic peptide does not have the infarct-reducing effect in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. NPs have the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. There is indirect evidence that NPs inhibit pyroptosis and autophagy. Published data indicate that NPs inhibit reactive oxygen species production in cardiomyocytes, aorta, heart, kidney and the endothelial cells. NPs can suppress aldosterone, angiotensin II, endothelin-1 synthesize and secretion. NPs inhibit the effects aldosterone, angiotensin II on the post-receptor level through intracellular signaling events. NPs activate guanylyl cyclase, protein kinase G and protein kinase A, and reduce phosphodiesterase 3 activity. NO-synthase and soluble guanylyl cyclase are involved in the cardioprotective effect of NPs. The cardioprotective effect of natriuretic peptides is mediated via activation of kinases (AMPK, PKC, PI3 K, ERK1/2, p70s6 k, Akt) and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. The cardioprotective effect of NPs is mediated via sarcolemmal KATP channel and mitochondrial KATP channel opening. The cardioprotective effect of brain natriuretic peptide is mediated via MPT pore closing. The anti-fibrotic effect of NPs may be mediated through inhibition TGF-β1 expression. Natriuretic peptides can inhibit NF-κB activity and activate GATA. Hemeoxygenase-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ may be involved in the infarct-reducing effect of NPs. NPs exhibit the infarct-limiting effect in patients with acute myocardial infarction. NPs prevent post-infarction remodeling of the heart. To finally resolve the question of the feasibility of using NPs in AMI, a multicenter, randomized, blind, placebo-controlled study is needed to assess the effect of NPs on the mortality of patients after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Krylatov
- Cardiology Research Institute, 164253Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Tsibulnikov
- Cardiology Research Institute, 164253Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Alla A Boshchenko
- Cardiology Research Institute, 164253Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Victor E Goldberg
- Cancer Research Institute, 164253Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Amteshwar S Jaggi
- 429174Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Reinhold G Erben
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonid N Maslov
- Cardiology Research Institute, 164253Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the RAS, Tomsk, Russia
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Krüppel-like factor 17 upregulates uterine corin expression and promotes spiral artery remodeling in pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19425-19434. [PMID: 32719113 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003913117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiral artery remodeling is an important physiological process in the pregnant uterus which increases blood flow to the fetus. Impaired spiral artery remodeling contributes to preeclampsia, a major disease in pregnancy. Corin, a transmembrane serine protease, is up-regulated in the pregnant uterus to promote spiral artery remodeling. To date, the mechanism underlying uterine corin up-regulation remains unknown. Here we show that Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 17 is a key transcription factor for uterine corin expression in pregnancy. In cultured human uterine endometrial cells, KLF17 binds to the CORIN promoter and enhances the promoter activity. Disruption of the KLF17 gene in the endometrial cells abolishes CORIN expression. In mice, Klf17 is up-regulated in the pregnant uterus. Klf17 deficiency prevents uterine Corin expression in pregnancy. Moreover, Klf17-deficient mice have poorly remodeled uterine spiral arteries and develop gestational hypertension and proteinuria. Together, our results reveal an important function of KLF17 in regulating Corin expression and uterine physiology in pregnancy.
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47
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Wang Z, Sun S, Liu M, Chen Y, Dong N, Wu Q. Intracellular autoactivation of TMPRSS11A, an airway epithelial transmembrane serine protease. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12686-12696. [PMID: 32675285 PMCID: PMC7476710 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) are a group of enzymes participating in diverse biological processes. Some members of the TTSP family are implicated in viral infection. TMPRSS11A is a TTSP expressed on the surface of airway epithelial cells, which has been shown to cleave and activate spike proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (CoVs). In this study, we examined the mechanism underlying the activation cleavage of TMPRSS11A that converts the one-chain zymogen to a two-chain enzyme. By expression in human embryonic kidney 293, esophageal EC9706, and lung epithelial A549 and 16HBE cells, Western blotting, and site-directed mutagenesis, we found that the activation cleavage of human TMPRSS11A was mediated by autocatalysis. Moreover, we found that TMPRSS11A activation cleavage occurred before the protein reached the cell surface, as indicated by studies with trypsin digestion to remove cell surface proteins, treatment with cell organelle-disturbing agents to block intracellular protein trafficking, and analysis of a soluble form of TMPRSS11A without the transmembrane domain. We also showed that TMPRSS11A was able to cleave the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. These results reveal an intracellular autocleavage mechanism in TMPRSS11A zymogen activation, which differs from the extracellular zymogen activation reported in other TTSPs. These findings provide new insights into the diverse mechanisms in regulating TTSP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiting Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shijin Sun
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China .,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China .,Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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48
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Involvement of Spike Protein, Furin, and ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-Related Cardiovascular Complications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:1103-1108. [PMID: 32838164 PMCID: PMC7352091 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 has a similar structure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1(SARS-CoV-1). The S protein on the surface of the virus is cleaved by host proprotein convertases (PCs) to expose the active N-terminal S1 extracellular domain. Its receptors are angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and the C-terminal S2 membrane anchoring protein is responsible for translocating the virus into the cell. Among patients with COVID-19, there is a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, and more than 7% of patients have suffered myocardial damage due to the infection, but the internal mechanism is still poorly understood. There is currently no specific and effective targeted treatment. Reduction of the patient’s morbidity and mortality is an urgent problem that needs to be solved clinically. By exploring the theoretical analysis of PCs and ACE2 in COVID-19 cardiovascular susceptibility, some insights on how to prevent and alleviate adverse cardiovascular prognosis have been provided in this study.
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49
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Hepsin enhances liver metabolism and inhibits adipocyte browning in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12359-12367. [PMID: 32404422 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918445117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepsin is a transmembrane serine protease primarily expressed in the liver. To date, the physiological function of hepsin remains poorly defined. Here we report that hepsin-deficient mice have low levels of blood glucose and lipids and liver glycogen, but increased adipose tissue browning and basal metabolic rates. The phenotype is caused by reduced hepatocyte growth factor activation and impaired Met signaling, resulting in decreased liver glucose and lipid metabolism and enhanced adipocyte browning. Hepsin-deficient mice exhibit marked resistance to high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. In db/db mice, hepsin deficiency ameliorates obesity and diabetes. These data indicate that hepsin is a key regulator in liver metabolism and energy homeostasis, suggesting that hepsin could be a therapeutic target for treating obesity and diabetes.
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50
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Lindsey ML, Gundry RL. Secrets of Cardiac Remodeling Revealed in the Secretome. Circulation 2020; 141:1645-1647. [PMID: 32421415 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- CardiOmics Program, Center for Heart and Vascular Research; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (M.L.L., R.L.G.).,Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE (M.L.L.)
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE (M.L.L.)
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