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Frota HF, Barbosa PF, Lorentino CMA, Affonso LRF, Ramos LS, Oliveira SSC, Souza LOP, Abosede OO, Ogunlaja AS, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS. Unveiling the antifungal mechanisms of CTP, a new copper(II)-theophylline/1,10-phenanthroline complex, on drug-resistant non-albicans Candida species. Biometals 2024:10.1007/s10534-024-00605-1. [PMID: 38874822 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Candida species undeniably rank as the most prevalent opportunistic human fungal pathogens worldwide, with Candida albicans as the predominant representative. However, the emergence of non-albicans Candida species (NACs) has marked a significant shift, accompanied by rising incidence rates and concerning trends of antifungal resistance. The search for new strategies to combat antifungal-resistant Candida strains is of paramount importance. Recently, our research group reported the anti-Candida activity of a coordination compound containing copper(II) complexed with theophylline (theo) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), known as "CTP" - Cu(theo)2phen(H2O).5H2O. In the present work, we investigated the mechanisms of action of CTP against six medically relevant, antifungal-resistant NACs, including C. auris, C. glabrata, C. haemulonii, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. CTP demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting mitochondrial dehydrogenases, leading to heightened intracellular reactive oxygen species production. CTP treatment resulted in substantial damage to the plasma membrane, as evidenced by the passive incorporation of propidium iodide, and induced DNA fragmentation as revealed by the TUNEL assay. Scanning electron microscopy images of post-CTP treatment NACs further illustrated profound alterations in the fungal surface morphology, including invaginations, cavitations and lysis. These surface modifications significantly impacted the ability of Candida cells to adhere to a polystyrene surface and to form robust biofilm structures. Moreover, CTP was effective in disassembling mature biofilms formed by these NACs. In conclusion, CTP represents a promising avenue for the development of novel antifungals with innovative mechanisms of action against clinically relevant NACs that are resistant to antifungals commonly used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa F Frota
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes E Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica (PPGBq), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Pedro F Barbosa
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes E Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Carolline M A Lorentino
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes E Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lorena R F Affonso
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes E Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lívia S Ramos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes E Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Simone S C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes E Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lucieri O P Souza
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes E Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Olufunso O Abosede
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University Otuoke, P.M.B 126, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Adeniyi S Ogunlaja
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes E Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
- Rede Micologia RJ - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - André L S Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes E Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica (PPGBq), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
- Rede Micologia RJ - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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2
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Chen T, Gao C. Innate immune signal transduction pathways to fungal infection: Components and regulation. CELL INSIGHT 2024; 3:100154. [PMID: 38464417 PMCID: PMC10924179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Candida species are significant causes of mucosal and systemic infections in immune compromised populations, including HIV-infected individuals and cancer patients. Drug resistance and toxicity have limited the use of anti-fungal drugs. A good comprehension of the nature of the immune responses to the pathogenic fungi will aid in the developing of new approaches to the treatment of fungal diseases. In recent years, extensive research has been done to understand the host defending systems to fungal infections. In this review, we described how pattern recognition receptors senses the cognate fungal ligands and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of anti-fungal innate immune responses. Furthermore, particular focus is placed on how anti-fungal signal transduction cascades are being activated for host defense and being modulated to better treat the infections in terms of immunotherapy. Understanding the role that these pathways have in mediating host anti-fungal immunity will be crucial for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
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3
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Sharma J, Mudalagiriyappa S, Abdelaal HFM, Kelly TC, Choi W, Ponnuraj N, Vieson MD, Talaat AM, Nanjappa SG. E3 ubiquitin ligase CBLB regulates innate immune responses and bacterial dissemination during nontuberculous mycobacteria infection. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:1118-1130. [PMID: 38271280 PMCID: PMC11135617 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging opportunistic pathogens causing pulmonary infection to fatal disseminated disease. NTM infections are steadily increasing in children and adults, and immune-compromised individuals are at a greater risk of fatal infections. The NTM disease's adverse pathology and resistance to antibiotics have further worsened the therapeutic measures. Innate immune regulators are potential targets for therapeutics to NTM, especially in a T cell-suppressed population, and many ubiquitin ligases modulate pathogenesis and innate immunity during infections, including mycobacterial infections. Here, we investigated the role of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene B (CBLB), in immunocompromised mouse models of NTM infection. We found that CBLB is essential to prevent bacterial growth and dissemination. Cblb deficiency debilitated natural killer cells, inflammatory monocytes, and macrophages in vivo. However, Cblb deficiency in macrophages did not wane its ability to inhibit bacterial growth or production of reactive oxygen species or interferon γ production by natural killer cells in vitro. CBLB restricted NTM growth and dissemination by promoting early granuloma formation in vivo. Our study shows that CBLB bolsters innate immune responses and helps prevent the dissemination of NTM during compromised T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaishree Sharma
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Srinivasu Mudalagiriyappa
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Hazem F M Abdelaal
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Thomas C Kelly
- Integrative Biology Honors Program, University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Woosuk Choi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Nagendraprabhu Ponnuraj
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Miranda D Vieson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Adel M Talaat
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Som Gowda Nanjappa
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
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Chen P, Wu H, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Zhang Y, Zhan X, Xiao A, Huang Y, Zhang H, Guan BO. Quantitative Assessment of Fungal Biomarkers in Clinical Samples via an Interface-Modulated Optical Fiber Biosensor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312985. [PMID: 38373270 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections pose a significant public health threat. The lack of precise and timely diagnosis is a primary factor contributing to the significant increase in patient mortality rates. Here, an interface-modulated biosensor utilizing an optical fiber for quantitative analysis of fungal biomarkers at the early stage of point-of-care testing (POCT), is reported. By integrating surface refractive index (RI) modulation and plasmon enhancement, the sensor to achieve high sensitivity in a directional response to the target analytes, is successfully optimized. As a result, a compact fiber-optic sensor with rapid response time, cost-effectiveness, exceptional sensitivity, stability, and specificity, is developed. This sensor can successfully identify the biomarkers of specific pathogens from blood or other tissue specimens in animal models. It quantifies clinical blood samples with precision and effectively discriminates between negative and positive cases, thereby providing timely alerts to potential patients. It significantly reduces the detection time of fungal infection to only 30 min. Additionally, this approach exhibits remarkable stability and achieves a limit of detection (LOD) three orders of magnitude lower than existing methods. It overcomes the limitations of existing detection methods, including a high rate of misdiagnosis, prolonged detection time, elevated costs, and the requirement for stringent laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Haotian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Institute of Mycology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lv Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Institute of Mycology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xundi Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Aoxiang Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yunyun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Institute of Mycology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bai-Ou Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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5
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Hu X, Li E, Zhou Y, You Q, Jiang Z. Casitas b cell lymphoma‑B (Cbl-b): A new therapeutic avenue for small-molecule immunotherapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 102:117677. [PMID: 38457911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the area of cancer treatment. Although most immunotherapies now are antibodies targeting membrane checkpoint molecules, there is an increasing demand for small-molecule drugs that address intracellular pathways. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B cell lymphoma‑b (Cbl-b) has been regarded as a promising intracellular immunotherapy target. Cbl-b regulates the downstream proteins of multiple membrane receptors and co-receptors, restricting the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system. Recently, Cbl-b inhibitors have been reported with promising effects on immune surveillance activation and anti-tumor efficacy. Several molecules have entered phase Ⅰ clinical trials. In this review, the biological rationale of Cbl-b as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy and the latest research progress of Cbl-b are summarized, with special emphasis on the allosteric small-molecule inhibitors of Cbl-b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Erdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangguo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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6
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Zhou L, Yang J, Zhang K, Wang T, Jiang S, Zhang X. Rising Star in Immunotherapy: Development and Therapeutic Potential of Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Casitas B Cell Lymphoma-b (Cbl-b). J Med Chem 2024; 67:816-837. [PMID: 38181380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Casitas B cell lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) is a vital negative regulator of TCR and BCR signaling pathways, playing a significant role in setting an appropriate threshold for the activation of T cells and controlling the tolerance of peripheral T cells via a variety of mechanisms. Overexpression of Cbl-b leads to immune hyporesponsiveness of T cells. Conversely, the deficiency of Cbl-b in T cells results in markedly increased production of IL-2, even in the lack of CD28 costimulation in vitro. And Cbl-b-/- mice spontaneously reject multifarious cancers. Therefore, Cbl-b may be associated with immune-mediated diseases, and blocking Cbl-b could be considered as a new antitumor immunotherapy strategy. In this review, the possible regulatory mechanisms and biological potential of Cbl-b for antitumor immunotherapy are summarized. Besides, the potential roles of Cbl-b in immune-mediated diseases are comprehensively discussed, with emphasis on Cbl-b immune-oncology agents in the preclinical stage and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiamei Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kuojun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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7
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Mentrup T, Leinung N, Patel M, Fluhrer R, Schröder B. The role of SPP/SPPL intramembrane proteases in membrane protein homeostasis. FEBS J 2024; 291:25-44. [PMID: 37625440 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and the four SPP-like proteases SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c and SPPL3 constitute a family of aspartyl intramembrane proteases with homology to presenilins. The different members reside in distinct cellular localisations within the secretory pathway and the endo-lysosomal system. Despite individual cleavage characteristics, they all cleave single-span transmembrane proteins with a type II orientation exhibiting a cytosolic N-terminus. Though the identification of substrates is not complete, SPP/SPPL-mediated proteolysis appears to be rather selective. Therefore, according to our current understanding cleavage by SPP/SPPL proteases rather seems to serve a regulatory function than being a bulk proteolytic pathway. In the present review, we will summarise our state of knowledge on SPP/SPPL proteases and in particular highlight recently identified substrates and the functional and/or (patho)-physiological implications of these cleavage events. Based on this, we aim to provide an overview of the current open questions in the field. These are connected to the regulation of these proteases at the cellular level but also in context of disease and patho-physiological processes. Furthermore, the interplay with other proteostatic systems capable of degrading membrane proteins is beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Mentrup
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadja Leinung
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Mehul Patel
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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Zhao G, Li Y, Chen T, Liu F, Zheng Y, Liu B, Zhao W, Qi X, Sun W, Gao C. TRIM26 alleviates fatal immunopathology by regulating inflammatory neutrophil infiltration during Candida infection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011902. [PMID: 38166150 PMCID: PMC10786383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections have emerged as a major concern among immunocompromised patients, causing approximately 2 million deaths each year worldwide. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying antifungal immunity remain elusive and require further investigation. The E3 ligase Trim26 belongs to the tripartite motif (Trim) protein family, which is involved in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, antiviral innate immunity, and inflammatory responses. Herein, we report that Trim26 exerts protective antifungal immune functions after fungal infection. Trim26-deficient mice are more susceptible to fungemia than their wild-type counterparts. Mechanistically, Trim26 restricts inflammatory neutrophils infiltration and limits proinflammatory cytokine production, which can attenuate kidney fungal load and renal damage during Candida infection. Trim26-deficient neutrophils showed higher proinflammatory cytokine expression and impaired fungicidal activity. We further demonstrated that excessive neutrophils infiltration in the kidney was because of the increased production of chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2, which are mainly synthesized in the macrophages or dendritic cells of Trim26-deficient mice after Candida albicans infections. Together, our study findings unraveled the vital role of Trim26 in regulating antifungal immunity through the regulation of inflammatory neutrophils infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression during candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wanwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Wei H, Wu S, Mai L, Yang L, Zou W, Peng H. Cbl-b negatively regulates TLR/MyD88-mediated anti- Toxoplasma gondii immunity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0007423. [PMID: 37909781 PMCID: PMC10714978 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00074-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This is the first report that a human E3 ubiquitin ligase, Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene B (Cbl-b), functions as a host dependency factor for the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii and the mechanism for how T. gondii infection inhibits the TLR/MyD88 innate immunity pathway through MyD88 degradation mediated by Cbl-b. This finding is an impactful contribution for understanding the host cell immunity against T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuizhen Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liying Mai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihao Zou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongjuan Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Mylvaganam S, Freeman SA. The resolution of phagosomes. Immunol Rev 2023; 319:45-64. [PMID: 37551912 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a fundamental immunobiological process responsible for the removal of harmful particulates. While the number of phagocytic events achieved by a single phagocyte can be remarkable, exceeding hundreds per day, the same phagocytic cells are relatively long-lived. It should therefore be obvious that phagocytic meals must be resolved in order to maintain the responsiveness of the phagocyte and to avoid storage defects. In this article, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the resolution process, including solute transport pathways and membrane traffic. We describe how products liberated in phagolysosomes support phagocyte metabolism and the immune response. We also speculate on mechanisms involved in the redistribution of phagosomal metabolites back to circulation. Finally, we highlight the pathologies owed to impaired phagosome resolution, which range from storage disorders to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakami Mylvaganam
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Liu J, Hu X. Fungal extracellular vesicle-mediated regulation: from virulence factor to clinical application. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1205477. [PMID: 37779707 PMCID: PMC10540631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1205477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal disease (IFD) poses a significant threat to immunocompromised patients and remains a global challenge due to limited treatment options, high mortality and morbidity rates, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Despite advancements in antifungal agents and diagnostic techniques, the lack of effective vaccines, standardized diagnostic tools, and efficient antifungal drugs contributes to the ongoing impact of invasive fungal infections (IFI). Recent studies have highlighted the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by fungi carrying various components such as enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids, and virulence proteins, which play roles in both physiological and pathological processes. These fungal EVs have been shown to interact with the host immune system during the development of fungal infections whereas their functional role and potential application in patients are not yet fully understood. This review summarizes the current understanding of the biologically relevant findings regarding EV in host-pathogen interaction, and aim to describe our knowledge of the roles of EV as diagnostic tools and vaccine vehicles, offering promising prospects for the treatment of IFI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Research Institute of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Awasthi D, Chopra S, Cho BA, Emmanuelli A, Sandoval TA, Hwang SM, Chae CS, Salvagno C, Tan C, Vasquez-Urbina L, Fernandez Rodriguez JJ, Santagostino SF, Iwawaki T, Romero-Sandoval EA, Crespo MS, Morales DK, Iliev ID, Hohl TM, Cubillos-Ruiz JR. Inflammatory ER stress responses dictate the immunopathogenic progression of systemic candidiasis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e167359. [PMID: 37432737 PMCID: PMC10471176 DOI: 10.1172/jci167359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns can trigger the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (IRE1α) arm of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in innate immune cells. This process maintains ER homeostasis and also coordinates diverse immunomodulatory programs during bacterial and viral infections. However, the role of innate IRE1α signaling in response to fungal pathogens remains elusive. Here, we report that systemic infection with the human opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans induced proinflammatory IRE1α hyperactivation in myeloid cells that led to fatal kidney immunopathology. Mechanistically, simultaneous activation of the TLR/IL-1R adaptor protein MyD88 and the C-type lectin receptor dectin-1 by C. albicans induced NADPH oxidase-driven generation of ROS, which caused ER stress and IRE1α-dependent overexpression of key inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and TNF-α. Selective ablation of IRE1α in leukocytes, or treatment with an IRE1α pharmacological inhibitor, mitigated kidney inflammation and prolonged the survival of mice with systemic C. albicans infection. Therefore, controlling IRE1α hyperactivation may be useful for impeding the immunopathogenic progression of disseminated candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahil Chopra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Byuri A. Cho
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Emmanuelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Chen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
| | | | - Jose J. Fernandez Rodriguez
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, CSIC–Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara F. Santagostino
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, and Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - E. Alfonso Romero-Sandoval
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mariano Sanchez Crespo
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, CSIC–Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Iliyan D. Iliev
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine and
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tobias M. Hohl
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Cbl-b restrains priming of pathogenic Th17 cells via the inhibition of IL-6 production by macrophages. iScience 2022; 25:105151. [PMID: 36185364 PMCID: PMC9523381 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b is involved in the maintenance of a balance between immunity and tolerance. Mice lacking Cbl-b are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a Th17-mediated autoimmune disease. However, how Cbl-b regulates Th17 cell responses remains unclear. In this study, utilizing adoptive transfer and cell type-specific Cblb knockout strains, we show that Cbl-b expression in macrophages, but not T cells or dendritic cells (DCs), restrains the generation of pathogenic Th17 cells and the development of EAE. Cbl-b inhibits IL-6 production by macrophages that is induced by signaling from CARD9-dependent C-type lectin receptor (CLR) pathways, which directs T cells to generate pathogenic Th17 cells. Therefore, our data unveil a previously unappreciated function for Cbl-b in the regulation of pathogenic Th17 responses. E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b inhibits EAE disease progression Cbl-b dampens pathogenic Th17 response via inhibiting macrophage-derived IL-6 Cbl-b controls macrophage-derived IL-6 via a CARD9-dependent manner
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14
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Huang L, Ma Y, Guo H, Tang N, Ouyang S, Nuro-Gyina P, Tao L, Liu Y, O'Brien MC, Langdon WY, Zhang J. Akt-2 Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Disseminated Candidiasis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:991-1000. [PMID: 36130126 PMCID: PMC11141526 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Akt-1 and Akt-2 are the major isoforms of the serine/threonine Akt family that play a key role in controlling immune responses. However, the involvement of Akt-1 and Akt-2 isoforms in antifungal innate immunity is completely unknown. In this study, we show that Akt2 -/-, but not Akt1 -/-, mice are protected from lethal Candida albicans infection. Loss of Akt-2 facilitates the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages to the spleen and increases reactive oxygen species expression in these cells. Treating C57BL/6 mice with a specific inhibitor for Akt-2, but not Akt-1, provides protection from lethal C. albicans infection. Our data demonstrate that Akt-2 inhibits antifungal innate immunity by hampering neutrophil and macrophage recruitment to spleens and suppressing oxidative burst, myeloperoxidase activity, and NETosis. We thus describe a novel role for Akt-2 in the regulation of antifungal innate immunity and unveil Akt-2 as a potential target for the treatment of fungal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilei Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Song Ouyang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Changsha City, South China University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Patrick Nuro-Gyina
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusen Liu
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Matthew C O'Brien
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA;
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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15
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DOCK2 regulates antifungal immunity by regulating RAC GTPase activity. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:602-618. [PMID: 35079145 PMCID: PMC8787451 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections cause ~1.5 million deaths each year worldwide, and the mortality rate of disseminated candidiasis currently exceeds that of breast cancer and malaria. The major reasons for the high mortality of candidiasis are the limited number of antifungal drugs and the emergence of drug-resistant species. Therefore, a better understanding of antifungal host defense mechanisms is crucial for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Here, we report that DOCK2 (dedicator of cytokinesis 2) promotes indispensable antifungal innate immune signaling and proinflammatory gene expression in macrophages. DOCK2-deficient macrophages exhibit decreased RAC GTPase (Rac family small GTPase) activation and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, which in turn attenuates the killing of intracellular fungi and the activation of downstream signaling pathways. Mechanistically, after fungal stimulation, activated SYK (spleen-associated tyrosine kinase) phosphorylates DOCK2 at tyrosine 985 and 1405, which promotes the recruitment and activation of RAC GTPases and then increases ROS production and downstream signaling activation. Importantly, nanoparticle-mediated delivery of in vitro transcribed (IVT) Rac1 mRNA promotes the activity of Rac1 and helps to eliminate fungal infection in vivo. Taken together, this study not only identifies a critical role of DOCK2 in antifungal immunity via regulation of RAC GTPase activity but also provides proof of concept for the treatment of invasive fungal infections by using IVT mRNA.
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16
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Mentrup T, Stumpff-Niggemann AY, Leinung N, Schlosser C, Schubert K, Wehner R, Tunger A, Schatz V, Neubert P, Gradtke AC, Wolf J, Rose-John S, Saftig P, Dalpke A, Jantsch J, Schmitz M, Fluhrer R, Jacobsen ID, Schröder B. Phagosomal signalling of the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 is terminated by intramembrane proteolysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1880. [PMID: 35388002 PMCID: PMC8987071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing of pathogens by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) is critical to initiate protective host defence reactions. However, activation of the immune system has to be carefully titrated to avoid tissue damage necessitating mechanisms to control and terminate PRR signalling. Dectin-1 is a PRR for fungal β-glucans on immune cells that is rapidly internalised after ligand-binding. Here, we demonstrate that pathogen recognition by the Dectin-1a isoform results in the formation of a stable receptor fragment devoid of the ligand binding domain. This fragment persists in phagosomal membranes and contributes to signal transduction which is terminated by the intramembrane proteases Signal Peptide Peptidase-like (SPPL) 2a and 2b. Consequently, immune cells lacking SPPL2b demonstrate increased anti-fungal ROS production, killing capacity and cytokine responses. The identified mechanism allows to uncouple the PRR signalling response from delivery of the pathogen to degradative compartments and identifies intramembrane proteases as part of a regulatory circuit to control anti-fungal immune responses. Dectin-1 is a critical component of the innate sensing repertoire which is involved in pattern based recognition of fungal pathogens. Here the authors show that intramembrane proteolysis is involved in the regulation of the antifungal host response by termination of the phagosomal signalling of Dectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Mentrup
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Nadja Leinung
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Schlosser
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Katja Schubert
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Tunger
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Gradtke
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Janina Wolf
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Dalpke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Regensburg and University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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17
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Yang M, Solis NV, Marshall M, Garleb R, Zhou T, Wang D, Swidergall M, Pearlman E, Filler SG, Liu H. Control of β-glucan exposure by the endo-1,3-glucanase Eng1 in Candida albicans modulates virulence. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010192. [PMID: 34995333 PMCID: PMC8775328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major opportunistic pathogen of humans. It can grow as morphologically distinct yeast, pseudohyphae and hyphae, and the ability to switch reversibly among different forms is critical for its virulence. The relationship between morphogenesis and innate immune recognition is not quite clear. Dectin-1 is a major C-type lectin receptor that recognizes β-glucan in the fungal cell wall. C. albicans β-glucan is usually masked by the outer mannan layer of the cell wall. Whether and how β-glucan masking is differentially regulated during hyphal morphogenesis is not fully understood. Here we show that the endo-1,3-glucanase Eng1 is differentially expressed in yeast, and together with Yeast Wall Protein 1 (Ywp1), regulates β-glucan exposure and Dectin-1-dependent immune activation of macrophage by yeast cells. ENG1 deletion results in enhanced Dectin-1 binding at the septa of yeast cells; while eng1 ywp1 yeast cells show strong overall Dectin-1 binding similar to hyphae of wild-type and eng1 mutants. Correlatively, hyphae of wild-type and eng1 induced similar levels of cytokines in macrophage. ENG1 expression and Eng1-mediated β-glucan trimming are also regulated by antifungal drugs, lactate and N-acetylglucosamine. Deletion of ENG1 modulates virulence in the mouse model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis in a Dectin-1-dependent manner. The eng1 mutant exhibited attenuated lethality in male mice, but enhanced lethality in female mice, which was associated with a stronger renal immune response and lower fungal burden. Thus, Eng1-regulated β-glucan exposure in yeast cells modulates the balance between immune protection and immunopathogenesis during disseminated candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Yang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Norma V. Solis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Michaela Marshall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel Garleb
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Daidong Wang
- Amgen Inc. Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Marc Swidergall
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Pearlman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Institute of Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Scott G. Filler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Haoping Liu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Institute of Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Frank D, Carpino N. Induction and analysis of systemic C. albicans infections in mice. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 168:315-327. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal yeast fungus of the human oral, gastrointestinal, and genital mucosal surfaces, and skin. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, iatrogenic immunosuppression, and/or medical interventions that impair the integrity of the mucocutaneous barrier and/or perturb protective host defense mechanisms enable C. albicans to become an opportunistic pathogen and cause debilitating mucocutaneous disease and/or life-threatening systemic infections. In this review, we synthesize our current knowledge of the tissue-specific determinants of C. albicans pathogenicity and host immune defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Lopes
- From the Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- From the Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Tang J, Xiao Y, Lin G, Guo H, Deng HX, Tu S, Langdon WY, Yang H, Tao L, Li Y, Pope RM, Gupta N, Zhang J. Tyrosine phosphorylation of NLRP3 by the Src family kinase Lyn suppresses the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabe3410. [PMID: 34699250 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.,Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yizhi Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Guoxin Lin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Han-Xiang Deng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sha Tu
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Huixiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yalan Li
- Proteomics Facility, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - R Marshall Pope
- Proteomics Facility, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Neetu Gupta
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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21
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Wang Y, Ren Y, Huang Y, Yu X, Yang Y, Wang D, Shi L, Tao K, Wang G, Wu K. Fungal dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with colorectal cancer in Chinese patients. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:11287-11301. [PMID: 34786058 PMCID: PMC8581944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Changes in bacteria and virions are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the fungal microbiota in the intestines of CRC patients remains largely unexamined. We identified differences in the intestinal fungal microbiota between healthy persons and patients with colorectal polyps or CRC. Using second-generation sequencing technology, we sequenced and aligned the ITS1 regions of fungi collected from fecal samples. We found a significant increase in the Candida albicans levels in the guts of CRC patients. Dectin-1 is a C-type lectin receptor that recognizes β-1,3-glucan in the cell walls of most fungi and is expressed by many cell types, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes. However, the mechanisms controlling the expressions and functions of dectin-1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) remain unclear. Furthermore, the putative effects of C. albicans on IECs are unknown. C. albicans induces the proliferation of IECs by activating the Wnt signaling pathway, and the Wnt pathway contributes to the development of CRC. Mice infected with C. albicans show an activation of the Wnt pathway. Therefore, IECs may recognize the activation of the Wnt pathway by C. albicans through dectin-1 to promote the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, China
| | - Yahui Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongming Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiangnan Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, China
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22
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TRIM31 facilitates K27-linked polyubiquitination of SYK to regulate antifungal immunity. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:298. [PMID: 34362877 PMCID: PMC8342987 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, which plays an essential role in both innate and adaptive immunity. However, the key molecular mechanisms that regulate SYK activity are poorly understood. Here we identified the E3 ligase TRIM31 as a crucial regulator of SYK activation. We found that TRIM31 interacted with SYK and catalyzed K27-linked polyubiquitination at Lys375 and Lys517 of SYK. This K27-linked polyubiquitination of SYK promoted its plasma membrane translocation and binding with the C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and also prevented the interaction with the phosphatase SHP-1. Therefore, deficiency of Trim31 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and macrophages (BMDMs) dampened SYK-mediated signaling and inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines against the fungal pathogen Candida albicans infection. Trim31-/- mice were also more sensitive to C. albicans systemic infection than Trim31+/+ mice and exhibited reduced Th1 and Th17 responses. Overall, our study uncovered the pivotal role of TRIM31-mediated K27-linked polyubiquitination on SYK activation and highlighted the significance of TRIM31 in anti-C. albicans immunity.
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23
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Nuro-Gyina PK, Tang N, Guo H, Yan C, Zeng Q, Waldschmidt TJ, Zhang J. HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Nedd4 Is Required for Antifungal Innate Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:868-877. [PMID: 34282001 PMCID: PMC8324540 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infections in humans, and disseminated candidiasis has become one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections with a high mortality rate. However, little is known about the host-pathogen interactions and the mechanisms of antifungal immunity. Here, we report that Nedd4 (neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4) is essential for signaling through Dectin-1 and Dectin-2/3. We showed that mice that lack Nedd4 globally or only in the myeloid compartment are highly susceptible to systemic C. albicans infection, which correlates with heightened organ fungal burden, defective inflammatory response, impaired leukocyte recruitment to the kidneys, and defective reactive oxygen species expression by granulocytes. At the molecular level, Nedd4 -/- macrophages displayed impaired activation of TGF-β-activating kinase-1 and NF-κB, but normal activation of spleen tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C-δ on C. albicans yeast and hyphal infections. These data suggest that Nedd4 regulates signaling events downstream of protein kinase C-δ but upstream of or at TGF-β-activating kinase-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Nuro-Gyina
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Chengkai Yan
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Qiuming Zeng
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Jian Zhang
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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24
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Abstract
Each year, the global mortality rates for fungal diseases now exceed those for malaria and breast cancer and are currently comparable to those for tuberculosis and HIV. The limited scope of currently available antifungal drugs is the major factor underlying the observed high mortality rate. Here, we provide evidence that Myosin IF (MYO1F) plays a critical role in the mediating of signaling molecules “trafficking from membrane to cytoplasm,” and this process is essential for the antifungal signaling pathway activation. Moreover, we provide evidence that Sirt2 deacetylase inhibitors promote antifungal immunity and protect mice from lethal Candida albicans infection, which indicates that the Sirt2 could be a good therapeutic target for the antifungal drug development. Opportunistic fungal infections have become one of the leading causes of death among immunocompromised patients, resulting in an estimated 1.5 million deaths each year worldwide. The molecular mechanisms that promote host defense against fungal infections remain elusive. Here, we find that Myosin IF (MYO1F), an unconventional myosin, promotes the expression of genes that are critical for antifungal innate immune signaling and proinflammatory responses. Mechanistically, MYO1F is required for dectin-induced α-tubulin acetylation, acting as an adaptor that recruits both the adaptor AP2A1 and α-tubulin N-acetyltransferase 1 to α-tubulin; in turn, these events control the membrane-to-cytoplasm trafficking of spleen tyrosine kinase and caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9. Myo1f-deficient mice are more susceptible than their wild-type counterparts to the lethal sequelae of systemic infection with Candida albicans. Notably, administration of Sirt2 deacetylase inhibitors, namely AGK2, AK-1, or AK-7, significantly increases the dectin-induced expression of proinflammatory genes in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages and microglia, thereby protecting mice from both systemic and central nervous system C. albicans infections. AGK2 also promotes proinflammatory gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after Dectin stimulation. Taken together, our findings describe a key role for MYO1F in promoting antifungal immunity by regulating the acetylation of α-tubulin and microtubules, and our findings suggest that Sirt2 deacetylase inhibitors may be developed as potential drugs for the treatment of fungal infections.
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25
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Yuki K, Koutsogiannaki S. Pattern recognition receptors as therapeutic targets for bacterial, viral and fungal sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107909. [PMID: 34182242 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis remains to be a significant health care problem associated with high morbidities and mortalities. Recognizing its heterogeneity, it is critical to understand our host immunological responses to develop appropriate therapeutic approaches according to the type of sepsis. Because pattern recognition receptors are largely responsible for the recognition of microbes, we reviewed their role in immunological responses in the setting of bacterial, fungal and viral sepsis. We also considered their therapeutic potentials in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, United States.
| | - Sophia Koutsogiannaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, United States.
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26
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Candida albicans triggers qualitative and temporal responses in gut bacteria. J Mycol Med 2021; 31:101164. [PMID: 34147760 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and fungi are collectively beneficial in maintaining the balance of the gut microflora and preventing gastrointestinal diseases. However, the contributions of specific bacterial species in response to fungal dysbiosis in the gut remain poorly defined. Here, to understand the dynamic changes, we established acute a challenge with Candida albicans in mice treated without antibiotics and analyzed the changes in the diversity of bacteria during the imbalance in intestinal C. albicans with high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Our results showed significant increases in species diversity after the first day of fungal challenge and the restoration of balance among the gut microflora on the third day of challenge. To explore the interactions between the intestinal bacteria and C. albicans, the antifungal activities of bacteria isolated from the mouse feces were also determined. Nineteen aerobic bacteria with antifungal activity were identified with whole 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These bacteria were isolated on the first day of challenge more than on the third day. These results suggested that the commensal intestinal bacteria may protect the host against fungal dysbiosis in the gut by altering their own species diversity. The interaction between bacteria and fungi in the gut may be the key to maintaining the dynamic balance of microorganisms in the context of environmental changes.
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27
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Hu LB, Hu XQ, Zhang Q, You QD, Jiang ZY. An affinity prediction approach for the ligand of E3 ligase Cbl-b and an insight into substrate binding pattern. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 38:116130. [PMID: 33848699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essentially fundamental to all cellular processes, so that developing small molecule inhibitors of PPIs have great significance despite representing a huge challenge. Studying PPIs with the help of peptide motifs could obtain the structural information and reference significance to reduce the difficulty in the development of small molecules. Computational methods are powerful tools to characterize peptide-protein interactions, especially molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation. Here, we established an affinity prediction model suitable for Casitas B lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) and phosphorylated motif system. According to the affinity data set of multiple truncated peptides, the force field, solvent model, and internal dielectric constant of molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) method were optimized. Further, we predicted the affinity of the rationally designed new sequences through this model and obtained a new 6-mer motif with a 7-fold increase in affinity and the comprehensive structure-activity relationship. Moreover, we proposed an insight of unexpected activity of the truncated 5-mer peptide and revealed the possible binding mode of the new highly active 6-mer motif by extended simulation. Our results showed that the activity enhancement of the truncated peptide was caused by the acetyl-mediated conformation change. The side chain of Arg and pTyr in the 6-mer motif co-occupied the site p1 to form numerous hydrogen bond interactions and increased hydrophobic interaction formed with Tyr266, leading to the higher affinity. The present work provided a reference to investigate the PPI of Cbl-b and phosphorylated substrates and guided the development of Cbl-b inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zheng-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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28
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Iliev ID, Cadwell K. Effects of Intestinal Fungi and Viruses on Immune Responses and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1050-1066. [PMID: 33347881 PMCID: PMC7956156 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota comprises diverse fungal and viral components, in addition to bacteria. These microbes interact with the immune system and affect human physiology. Advances in metagenomics have associated inflammatory and autoimmune diseases with alterations in fungal and viral species in the gut. Studies of animal models have found that commensal fungi and viruses can activate host-protective immune pathways related to epithelial barrier integrity, but can also induce reactions that contribute to events associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Changes in our environment associated with modernization and the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed humans to new fungi and viruses, with unknown consequences. We review the lessons learned from studies of animal viruses and fungi commonly detected in the human gut and how these might affect health and intestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyan D Iliev
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York.
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York.
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29
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Mentrup T, Cabrera-Cabrera F, Schröder B. Proteolytic Regulation of the Lectin-Like Oxidized Lipoprotein Receptor LOX-1. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:594441. [PMID: 33553253 PMCID: PMC7856673 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.594441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lectin-like oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) receptor LOX-1, which is broadly expressed in vascular cells, represents a key mediator of endothelial activation and dysfunction in atherosclerotic plaque development. Being a member of the C-type lectin receptor family, LOX-1 can bind different ligands, with oxLDL being the best characterized. LOX-1 mediates oxLDL uptake into vascular cells and by this means can promote foam cell formation. In addition, LOX-1 triggers multiple signaling pathways, which ultimately induce a pro-atherogenic and pro-fibrotic transcriptional program. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this signal transduction remain incompletely understood. In this regard, proteolysis has recently emerged as a regulatory mechanism of LOX-1 function. Different proteolytic cleavages within the LOX-1 protein can initiate its turnover and control the cellular levels of this receptor. Thereby, cleavage products with individual biological functions and/or medical significance are produced. Ectodomain shedding leads to the release of a soluble form of the receptor (sLOX1) which has been suggested to have diagnostic potential as a biomarker. Removal of the ectodomain leaves behind a membrane-bound N-terminal fragment (NTF), which despite being devoid of the ligand-binding domain is actively involved in signal transduction. Degradation of this LOX-1 NTF, which represents an athero-protective mechanism, critically depends on the aspartyl intramembrane proteases Signal peptide peptidase-like 2a and b (SPPL2a/b). Here, we present an overview of the biology of LOX-1 focusing on how proteolytic cleavages directly modulate the function of this receptor and, what kind of pathophysiological implications this has in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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30
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Jafari D, Mousavi MJ, Keshavarz Shahbaz S, Jafarzadeh L, Tahmasebi S, Spoor J, Esmaeilzadeh A. E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B lineage lymphoma-b and its potential therapeutic implications for immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:14-31. [PMID: 33306199 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinction of self from non-self is crucial to prevent autoreactivity and ensure protection from infectious agents and tumors. Maintaining the balance between immunity and tolerance of immune cells is strongly controlled by several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms of the immune system. Among these, the E3 ligase ubiquitin Casitas B cell lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) is a newly identified component in the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation system, which is thought to be an important negative regulator of immune cells. An update on the current knowledge and new concepts of the relevant immune homeostasis program co-ordinated by Cbl-b in different cell populations could pave the way for future immunomodulatory therapies of various diseases, such as autoimmune and allergic diseases, infections, cancers and other immunopathological conditions. In the present review, the latest findings are comprehensively summarized on the molecular structural basis of Cbl-b and the suppressive signaling mechanisms of Cbl-b in physiological and pathological immune responses, as well as its emerging potential therapeutic implications for immunotherapy in animal models and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jafari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Immunotherapy Research and Technology Group, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - M J Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Keshavarz Shahbaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - L Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Tahmasebi
- Department of Immunology, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Spoor
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Immunotherapy Research and Technology Group, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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31
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Ward RA, Vyas JM. The first line of defense: effector pathways of anti-fungal innate immunity. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 58:160-165. [PMID: 33217703 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is critical to proper host defense against fungal pathogens, which is highlighted by increased susceptibility to invasive disease in immunocompromised patients. Innate cells (e.g. macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils) are equipped with intricate cell machinery to detect invading fungi and facilitate fungal killing, recruit additional immune cells, and direct the adaptive immune system responses. Understanding the mechanisms that govern a protective response will enable the development of novel treatment strategies. This review focuses on recent insights of signaling and regulation of C-type lectin receptors and their effector mechanisms enabling an effective host antifungal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Ward
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jatin M Vyas
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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32
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Tang J, Tu S, Lin G, Guo H, Yan C, Liu Q, Huang L, Tang N, Xiao Y, Pope RM, Rajaram MVS, Amer AO, Ahmer BM, Gunn JS, Wozniak DJ, Tao L, Coppola V, Zhang L, Langdon WY, Torrelles JB, Lipkowitz S, Zhang J. Sequential ubiquitination of NLRP3 by RNF125 and Cbl-b limits inflammasome activation and endotoxemia. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133674. [PMID: 31999304 PMCID: PMC7144527 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the development of endotoxemia. The importance of negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b is essential for preventing endotoxemia induced by a sub-lethal dose of LPS via a caspase-11/NLRP3-dependent manner. Further studies show that NLRP3 undergoes both K63- and K48-linked polyubiquitination. Cbl-b binds to the K63-ubiquitin chains attached to the NLRP3 leucine-rich repeat domain (LRR) via its ubiquitin-associated region (UBA) and then targets NLRP3 at K496 for K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. We also identify RNF125 as an additional E3 ubiquitin ligase that initiates K63-linked ubiquitination of the NLRP3 LRR domain. Therefore, NLRP3 is sequentially ubiquitinated by K63- and K48-linked ubiquitination, thus keeping the NLRP3 inflammasomes in check and restraining endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Tu
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Lin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Chengkai Yan
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Qingjun Liu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yizhi Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - R Marshall Pope
- Proteomics Facility, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Murugesan V S Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Brian M Ahmer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - John S Gunn
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lijian Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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33
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Tang R, Xiao X, Lu Y, Li H, Zhou Q, Kwadwo Nuro-Gyina P, Li X. Interleukin-22 attenuates renal tubular cells inflammation and fibrosis induced by TGF-β1 through Notch1 signaling pathway. Ren Fail 2020; 42:381-390. [PMID: 32338120 PMCID: PMC7241524 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1753538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a crucial factor implicated in the development of renal inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). The cytokine interleukin 22 (IL-22) was previously reported to involve in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, however recent studies showed that IL-22 could reduced inflammatory responses and tissue damage. In the present study, we aim to investigate the role and mechanisms of IL-22 in renal tubular cells inflammation and fibrosis induced by TGF-β1. HK-2 cells were treated with TGF-β1 in the presence of IL-22 or the Notch pathway inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) for 48 h. Collagen I (Col I), fibronectin (FN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and E-Cadherin were detected by western blot, proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1, RANTES) were evaluated by ELISA. Jagged1, Notch1, NICD1, and Hes1 were also detected by western blot. We found TGF-β1 increased the levels of Col I, FN, α-SMA and vimentin in HK-2 cells compared with control, and decreased E-Cadherin level, however, IL-22 restored their expressions partly. IL-22 reduced overexpression of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1, RANTES) levels induced by TGF-β1, along with down-regulation of Jagged1, Notch, NICD1 and Hes1. Fibrosis and inflammation in renal tubular cells induced by TGF-β1 could be attenuated by IL-22, and the effects were similar to DBZ treatment. Collectively, our study shows that IL-22 exerts a protective role in renal fibrotic and inflammatory responses induced by TGF-β1 in vitro, which may be through inhibiting Jagged1/Notch1 signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Xia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Silva TC, de Ávila RI, Zara ALSA, Santos AS, Ataídes F, Freitas VAQ, Costa CR, Valadares MC, Silva MDRR. Punicalagin triggers ergosterol biosynthesis disruption and cell cycle arrest in Cryptococcus gattii and Candida albicans : Action mechanisms of punicalagin against yeasts. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1719-1727. [PMID: 32856241 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Punicalagin is a phenolic compound extracted from Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil (Lythraceae) leaves. It has demonstrated interesting activity against pathogenic fungi, e.g., Cryptococcus gattii and Candida albicans, by inhibiting fungi growth in a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 4 μg/mL. However, the mechanisms behind its antifungal action are not well understood. In this study, certain parameters were investigated, by transmission electron microscopy, ergosterol synthesis inhibition, and flow cytometry analyses, to gain insight into the possible biological targets of punicalagin (4 or 16 μg/mL) against yeast cells. Data showed that, in contrast to untreated cells, punicalagin triggered severe ultrastructural changes in C. gattii and C. albicans, such as disorganization of cytoplasmic content and/or thickened cell walls. In addition, it caused a decrease in yeast plasma membrane ergosterol content in a concentration-dependent manner. However, it was unable to bring about significant fungal cell membrane rupture. On the other hand, punicalagin (16 μg/mL) significantly arrested C. albicans and C. gattii cells at the G0/G1 phase, with a consequent reduction in cells at the G2/M phase in both fungi isolates, and thereby prevented progression of the normal yeast cell cycle. However, these alterations showed no involvement of reactive oxygen species overproduction in C. albicans and C. gattii cells, although punicalagin triggered a significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in C. albicans. These findings suggest that punicalagin is a promising plant-derived compound for use in developing new antifungal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaísa Cristina Silva
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Renato Ivan de Ávila
- Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Toxicologia In Vitro - Tox In, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Andressa Santana Santos
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ataídes
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Rodrigues Costa
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marize Campos Valadares
- Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Toxicologia In Vitro - Tox In, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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35
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Zhong Y, Tang R, Lu Y, Wang W, Xiao C, Meng T, Ao X, Li X, Peng L, Kwadwo Nuro-Gyina P, Zhou Q. Irbesartan may relieve renal injury by suppressing Th22 cells chemotaxis and infiltration in Ang II-induced hypertension. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106789. [PMID: 32683300 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) as an important pathogenic factor, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and associated renal injury, and inhibition of Ang II can reduce renal inflammation and exert renal protective effects. In the present study, we determine the infiltration of Th22 cells in kidney and serum IL-22 level in hypertensive renal injury, and explore the effects and mechanisms of a widely used angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker irbesartan on Th22 cells infiltration and related renal injury. Hypertension was induced by administering 1.5 mg/kg Ang II subcutaneously daily in C57BL/6 mice for 28 days. The mice were additionally treated by irbesartan or amlodipine. Renal Th22 lymphocytes frequency was evaluated through flow cytometry, serum IL-22 was detected by ELISA, and renal histopathological changes were also detected. The levels of renal chemokines (CCL20, CCL22, CCL27) and serum proinflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. Renal expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Fibronectin (FN) and collagen I (Col I) were evaluated by western blot. Chemotaxis assay and co-culture assay were conducted to clarify the effect of irbesartan on Th22 cells chemotaxis and differentiation in vitro. Our results showed in Ang II-infused hypertension mice, irbesartan suppressed renal Th22 cells accumulation as well as CCL20, CCL22, CCL27 expression. Serum IL-22, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations wasere also reduced, in addition to inhibited renal expression of α-SMA, FN and Col I. Irbesartan treatment lowered blood pressure, urinary protein and renal pathological damage. In vitro, irbesartan could abrogate the Th22 cells chemotaxis and differentiation, compared to control and amlodipine groups. Our study reveals a new pharmacological mechanism that irbesartan ameliorates inflammation and fibrosis in hypertensive renal injury induced by Ang II, maybe through inhibiting Th22 cells chemotaxis and infiltration, which provides a new theoretical basis and therapeutic target for hypertensive renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenggen Xiao
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaozhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Qiaoling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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36
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Zhang D, Wang Y, Shen S, Hou Y, Chen Y, Wang T. The mycobiota of the human body: a spark can start a prairie fire. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:655-679. [PMID: 32150513 PMCID: PMC7524315 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1731287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobiota are inseparable from human health, shaking up the unique position held by bacteria among microorganisms. What is surprising is that this seemingly small species can trigger huge changes in the human body. Dysbiosis and invasion of mycobiota are confirmed to cause disease in different parts of the body. Meanwhile, our body also produces corresponding immune changes upon mycobiota infection. Several recent studies have made a connection between intestinal mycobiota and the human immune system. In this review, we focus on questions related to mycobiota, starting with an introduction of select species, then we summarize the typical diseases caused by mycobiota in different parts of the human body. Moreover, we constructed a framework for the human anti-fungal immune system based on genetics and immunology. Finally, the progression of fungal detection methods is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sunan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yugen Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,CONTACT Tingting Wang The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
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37
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Poels K, Vos WG, Lutgens E, Seijkens TTP. E3 Ubiquitin Ligases as Immunotherapeutic Target in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:106. [PMID: 32582770 PMCID: PMC7292335 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation drives atherosclerosis and despite optimal pharmacological treatment of classical cardiovascular risk factors, one third of the patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has elevated inflammatory biomarkers. Additional anti-inflammatory strategies to target this residual inflammatory cardiovascular risk are therefore required. T-cells are a dominant cell type in human atherosclerotic lesions. Modulation of T-cell activation is therefore a potential strategy to target inflammation in atherosclerosis. Ubiquitination is an important regulatory mechanism of T-cell activation and several E3 ubiquitin ligases, including casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene B (Cbl-B), itchy homolog (Itch), and gene related to anergy in lymphocytes (GRAIL), function as a natural brake on T-cell activation. In this review we discuss recent insights on the role of Cbl-B, Itch, and GRAIL in atherosclerosis and explore the therapeutic potential of these E3 ubiquitin ligases in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikkie Poels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Winnie G Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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38
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Borriello F, Zanoni I, Granucci F. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of antifungal innate immunity at epithelial barriers: The role of C-type lectin receptors. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:317-325. [PMID: 31986556 PMCID: PMC10668919 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Humans are constantly exposed to fungi, either in the form of commensals at epithelial barriers or as inhaled spores. Innate immune cells play a pivotal role in maintaining commensal relationships and preventing skin, mucosal, or systemic fungal infections due to the expression of pattern recognition receptors that recognize fungal cell wall components and modulate both their activation status and the ensuing adaptive immune response. Commensal fungi also play a critical role in the modulation of homeostasis and disease susceptibility at epithelial barriers. This review will outline cellular and molecular mechanisms of anti-fungal innate immunity focusing on C-type lectin receptors and their relevance in the context of host-fungi interactions at skin and mucosal surfaces in murine experimental models as well as patients susceptible to fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Borriello
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- INGM-National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,", Milan, Italy
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39
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Shang T, Yu Q, Ren T, Wang XT, Zhu H, Gao JM, Pan G, Gao X, Zhu Y, Feng Y, Li MC. Xuebijing Injection Maintains GRP78 Expression to Prevent Candida albicans-Induced Epithelial Death in the Kidney. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1416. [PMID: 31969817 PMCID: PMC6956827 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock threaten the survival of millions of patients in the intensive care unit. Secondary fungal infections significantly increased the risk of mortality in sepsis patients. Chinese medicine Xuebijing injection (XBJ) has been routinely used as an add-on treatment to sepsis and septic shock in China. Our network pharmacology analysis predicted that XBJ also influences fungal infection, consisting with results of pioneer clinical studies. We conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments to verify this prediction. To our surprise, XBJ rescued mice from lethal Candida sepsis in a disseminated Candida albicans infection model and abolished the colonization of C. albicans in kidneys. Although XBJ did not inhibit the growth and the virulence of C. albicans in vitro, it enhanced the viability of 293T cells upon C. albicans insults. Further RNA-seq analysis revealed that XBJ activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway upon C. albicans infection. Western blot confirmed that XBJ maintained the expression of GRP78 in the presence of C. albicans. Interestingly, key active ingredients in XBJ (C0127) mirrored the effects of XBJ. C0127 not only rescued mice from lethal Candida sepsis and prevented the colonization of C. albicans in kidneys, but also sustained the survival of kidney epithelial cells partially by maintaining the expression of GRP78. These results suggested that XBJ may prevent fungal infection in sepsis patients. Pre-activation of ER stress pathway is a novel strategy to control C. albicans infection. Network pharmacology may accelerate drug development in the field of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongtong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Tong Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Ming Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming-Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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40
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Physiological and Pathological Functions of CARD9 Signaling in the Innate Immune System. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2020; 429:177-203. [PMID: 32415389 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain protein 9 (CARD9) forms essential signaling complexes in the innate immune system that integrate cues from C-type lectin receptors and specific intracellular pattern recognition receptors. These CARD9-mediated signals are pivotal for host defense against fungi, and they mediate immunity against certain bacteria, viruses and parasites. Furthermore, CARD9-regulated pathways are involved in sterile inflammatory responses critical for immune homeostasis and can control pro- and antitumor immunity in cancer microenvironments. Consequently, multiple genetic alterations of human CARD9 are connected to primary immunodeficiencies or prevalent inflammatory disorders in patients. This review will summarize our current understanding of CARD9 signaling in the innate immune system, its physiological and pathological functions and their implications for human immune-mediated diseases.
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41
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Hatinguais R, Willment JA, Brown GD. PAMPs of the Fungal Cell Wall and Mammalian PRRs. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2020; 425:187-223. [PMID: 32180018 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are opportunistic pathogens that infect immunocompromised patients and are responsible for an estimated 1.5 million deaths every year. The antifungal innate immune response is mediated through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by the host's pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs are immune receptors that ensure the internalisation and the killing of fungal pathogens. They also mount the inflammatory response, which contributes to initiate and polarise the adaptive response, controlled by lymphocytes. Both the innate and adaptive immune responses are required to control fungal infections. The immune recognition of fungal pathogen primarily occurs at the interface between the membrane of innate immune cells and the fungal cell wall, which contains a number of PAMPs. This chapter will focus on describing the main mammalian PRRs that have been shown to bind to PAMPs from the fungal cell wall of the four main fungal pathogens: Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Pneumocystis jirovecii. We will describe these receptors, their functions and ligands to provide the reader with an overview of how the immune system recognises fungal pathogens and responds to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Hatinguais
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Janet A Willment
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Gordon D Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK.
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42
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T Cell Antifungal Immunity and the Role of C-Type Lectin Receptors. Trends Immunol 2019; 41:61-76. [PMID: 31813764 PMCID: PMC7427322 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fungi can cause disease in humans, from mucocutaneous to life-threatening systemic infections. Initiation of antifungal immunity involves fungal recognition by pattern recognition receptors such as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). These germline-encoded receptors trigger a multitude of innate responses including phagocytosis, fungal killing, and antigen presentation which can also shape the development of adaptive immunity. Recently, studies have shed light on how CLRs directly or indirectly modulate lymphocyte function. Moreover, CLR-mediated recognition of commensal fungi maintains homeostasis and prevents invasion from opportunistic commensals. We present an overview of current knowledge of antifungal T cell immune responses, with emphasis on the role of C-type lectins, and discuss how these receptors modulate these responses at different levels. CLRs are essential pattern recognition receptors involved in fungal recognition and initiation of protective antifungal immunity. CLRs promote the differentiation of mammalian T helper cell subsets essential for the control of systemic (Th1) and mucosal (Th17) fungal infections. CLRs are involved in antigen presentation, the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, and cytokine secretion; therefore, they can regulate lymphocyte function and adaptive immune responses at different levels. Fungal morphological changes, such as the transition from yeast to hyphae in Candida albicans during tissue invasion, affects recognition by CLRs and impacts on adaptive immune responses. CLRs recognize the fungal component of the microbiome that can influence T cell responses during infection at intestinal and peripheral sites.
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43
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Kim VY, Batty A, Li J, Kirk SG, Crowell SA, Jin Y, Tang J, Zhang J, Rogers LK, Deng HX, Nelin LD, Liu Y. Glutathione Reductase Promotes Fungal Clearance and Suppresses Inflammation during Systemic Candida albicans Infection in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2239-2251. [PMID: 31501257 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase (Gsr) catalyzes the reduction of glutathione disulfide to glutathione, which plays an important role in redox regulation. We have previously shown that Gsr facilitates neutrophil bactericidal activities and is pivotal for host defense against bacterial pathogens. However, it is unclear whether Gsr is required for immune defense against fungal pathogens. It is also unclear whether Gsr plays a role in immunological functions outside of neutrophils during immune defense. In this study, we report that Gsr-/- mice exhibited markedly increased susceptibility to Candida albicans challenge. Upon C. albicans infection, Gsr-/- mice exhibited dramatically increased fungal burden in the kidneys, cytokine and chemokine storm, striking neutrophil infiltration, histological abnormalities in both the kidneys and heart, and substantially elevated mortality. Large fungal foci surrounded by massive numbers of neutrophils were detected outside of the glomeruli in the kidneys of Gsr -/- mice but were not found in wild-type mice. Examination of the neutrophils and macrophages of Gsr-/- mice revealed several defects. Gsr -/- neutrophils exhibited compromised phagocytosis, attenuated respiratory burst, and impaired fungicidal activity in vitro. Moreover, upon C. albicans stimulation, Gsr -/- macrophages produced increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and exhibited elevated p38 and JNK activities, at least in part, because of lower MAPK phosphatase (Mkp)-1 activity and greater Syk activity. Thus, Gsr-mediated redox regulation is crucial for fungal clearance by neutrophils and the proper control of the inflammatory response by macrophages during host defense against fungal challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Y Kim
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215
| | - Abel Batty
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215
| | - Jinhui Li
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215
| | - Sean G Kirk
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215
| | - Sara A Crowell
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215
| | - Yi Jin
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Lynette K Rogers
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205; and
| | - Han-Xiang Deng
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Leif D Nelin
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205; and
| | - Yusen Liu
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215; .,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205; and
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44
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Abstract
The C-type lectins are a superfamily of proteins that recognize a broad repertoire of ligands and that regulate a diverse range of physiological functions. Most research attention has focused on the ability of C-type lectins to function in innate and adaptive antimicrobial immune responses, but these proteins are increasingly being recognized to have a major role in autoimmune diseases and to contribute to many other aspects of multicellular existence. Defects in these molecules lead to developmental and physiological abnormalities, as well as altered susceptibility to infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this Review, we present an overview of the roles of C-type lectins in immunity and homeostasis, with an emphasis on the most exciting recent discoveries.
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45
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Lu Y, Zhou Z, Mo L, Guo Q, Peng X, Hu T, Zhou X, Ren B, Xu X. Fluphenazine antagonizes with fluconazole but synergizes with amphotericin B in the treatment of candidiasis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6701-6709. [PMID: 31201451 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans causes a high mortality rate in immunocompromised individuals, but the increased drug resistance challenges the current antifungal therapeutics. Fluphenazine (FPZ), a commonly used antipsychotic medication, can induce the expression of drug efflux pumps in C. albicans and, thus, may interfere with the therapeutic efficacy of antifungals, such as fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AmB). Here, we investigated the combined effects of FLC/FPZ and AmB/FPZ against C. albicans in vitro and in a systemic candidiasis mouse model. The antifungal activity of FLC was significantly reduced when supplemented with FPZ. The inhibitory effects of FLC on the expression of the Candida virulence-related genes ALS3 and HWP1 were antagonized by FPZ. However, FPZ enhanced the susceptibility of C. albicans to AmB and further downregulated the expression of ALS3 and HWP1 in a synergistic manner with AmB. FPZ also enhanced the gene expression of ERG11, a key gene of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway that has been associated with the activities of both FLC and AmB. In our mammalian infection model, mice treated with FLC/FPZ showed notably poor living status and increased fungal burden in their kidneys and brains compared with those treated with FLC alone. Conversely, the combined application of AmB/FPZ significantly improved the survival rate, attenuated the weight loss and reduced the organ fungal burdens of the infected mice. These data suggest that FPZ antagonized the therapeutic efficacy of FLC but enhanced the antifungal activity of AmB in the treatment of candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Longyi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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46
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Loh JT, Xu S, Huo JX, Kim SSY, Wang Y, Lam KP. Dok3-protein phosphatase 1 interaction attenuates Card9 signaling and neutrophil-dependent antifungal immunity. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2717-2729. [PMID: 31180338 DOI: 10.1172/jci126341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infection is a serious health threat with high morbidity and mortality. Current antifungal drugs only demonstrate partial success in improving prognosis. Furthermore, mechanisms regulating host defense against fungal pathogens remain elusive. Here, we report that the downstream of kinase 3 (Dok3) adaptor negatively regulates antifungal immunity in neutrophils. Our data revealed that Dok3 deficiency increased phagocytosis, proinflammatory cytokine production, and netosis in neutrophils, thereby enhancing mutant mouse survival against systemic infection with a lethal dose of the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Biochemically, Dok3 recruited protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to dephosphorylate Card9, an essential player in innate antifungal defense, to dampen downstream NF-κB and JNK activation and immune responses. Thus, Dok3 suppresses Card9 signaling, and disrupting Dok3-Card9 interaction or inhibiting PP1 activity represents therapeutic opportunities to develop drugs to combat candidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tong Loh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Shengli Xu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Xin Huo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Susana Soo-Yeon Kim
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry and
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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47
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Tamai R, Kiyoura Y. Heat-killed Candida albicans augments synthetic bacterial component-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:555-566. [PMID: 30656591 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans can enhance the invasion of oral epithelial cells by Porphyromonas gingivalis, although the fungus is not a periodontal pathogen. In this study, we investigated whether C. albicans augments proinflammatory cytokine production by mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells incubated with synthetic bacterial components. Mouse macrophage-like J774.1 cells, mouse primary splenocytes, human THP-1 cells, and A549 cells were pretreated with or without heat-killed C. albicans (HKCA) or substitutes for C. albicans cell wall components in 96-well flat-bottomed plates. Cells were then washed and incubated with Pam3CSK4, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand, or lipid A, a TLR4 ligand. Culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA for secreted IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-8. HKCA augmented TLR ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by J774.1 cells, mouse splenocytes, and THP-1 cells, but not A549 cells. However, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α production induced by Pam3CSK4 or lipid A was not augmented when cells were pretreated with curdlan, a dectin-1 ligand, or mannan, a dectin-2 ligand. In contrast, pretreatment of cells with TLR ligands upregulated the production of IL-6 and TNF-α, but not MCP-1, induced by Pam3CSK4 or lipid A. The results suggest that C. albicans augments synthetic bacterial component-induced cytokine production by J774.1 cells via the TLR pathway, but not the dectin-1 or dectin-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyoko Tamai
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kiyoura
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8611, Japan
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48
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Ruland J, Hartjes L. CARD–BCL-10–MALT1 signalling in protective and pathological immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2018; 19:118-134. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-018-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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49
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Tang R, Langdon WY, Zhang J. Regulation of immune responses by E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b. Cell Immunol 2018; 340:103878. [PMID: 30442330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Casitas B lymphoma-b (Cbl-b), a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been identified as a critical regulator of adaptive immune responses. Cbl-b is essential for establishing the threshold for T cell activation and regulating peripheral T cell tolerance through various mechanisms. Intriguingly, recent studies indicate that Cbl-b also modulates innate immune responses, and plays a key role in host defense to pathogens and anti-tumor immunity. These studies suggest that targeting Cbl-b may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of human immune-related disorders such as autoimmune diseases, infections, tumors, and allergic airway inflammation. In this review, we summarize the latest developments regarding the roles of Cbl-b in innate and adaptive immunity, and immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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50
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Nanjappa SG, Mudalagiriyappa S, Fites JS, Suresh M, Klein BS. CBLB Constrains Inactivated Vaccine-Induced CD8 + T Cell Responses and Immunity against Lethal Fungal Pneumonia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1717-1726. [PMID: 30054317 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections in CD4+ T cell immunocompromised patients have risen sharply in recent years. Although vaccines offer a rational avenue to prevent infections, there are no licensed fungal vaccines available. Inactivated vaccines are safer but less efficacious and require adjuvants that may undesirably bias toward poor protective immune responses. We hypothesized that reducing the TCR signaling threshold could potentiate antifungal CD8+ T cell responses and immunity to inactivated vaccine in the absence of CD4+ T cells. In this study, we show that CBLB, a negative regulator of TCR signaling, suppresses CD8+ T cells in response to inactivated fungal vaccination in a mouse model of CD4+ T cell lymphopenia. Conversely, Cblb deficiency enhanced both the type 1 (e.g., IFN-γ) and type 17 (IL-17A) CD8+ T cell responses to inactivated fungal vaccines and augmented vaccine immunity to lethal fungal pneumonia. Furthermore, we show that immunization with live or inactivated vaccine yeast did not cause detectable pathologic condition in Cblb-/- mice. Augmented CD8+ T cell responses in the absence of CBLB also did not lead to terminal differentiation or adversely affect the expression of transcription factors T-bet, Eomes, and RORγt. Additionally, our adoptive transfer experiments showed that CBLB impedes the effector CD8+ T cell responses in a cell-intrinsic manner. Finally, we showed that ablation of Cblb overcomes the requirement of HIF-1α for expansion of CD8+ T cells upon vaccination. Thus, adjuvants that target CBLB may augment inactivated vaccines and immunity against systemic fungal infections in vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Som G Nanjappa
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802;
| | | | - J Scott Fites
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
| | - M Suresh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Bruce S Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792; and.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792
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