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Hmiel L, Zhang S, Obare LM, Santana MADO, Wanjalla CN, Titanji BK, Hileman CO, Bagchi S. Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in HIV. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7266. [PMID: 39000373 PMCID: PMC11242562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease disproportionately affects persons living with HIV (PLWH) compared to those without. The reasons for the excess risk include dysregulated immune response and inflammation related to HIV infection itself, comorbid conditions, and co-infections. Here, we review an updated understanding of immune and inflammatory pathways underlying atherosclerosis in PLWH, including effects of viral products, soluble mediators and chemokines, innate and adaptive immune cells, and important co-infections. We also present potential therapeutic targets which may reduce cardiovascular risk in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hmiel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Suyu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Laventa M. Obare
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Boghuma K. Titanji
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Corrilynn O. Hileman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Shashwatee Bagchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Teodoro Da Silva L, Tiaki Tiyo B, de Jesus Mota S, Mazzilli Ortega M, Justamante Handel Schmitz G, Nosomi Taniwaki N, Mitsue Namiyama Nishina G, José da Silva Duarte A, Miyuki Oshiro T. Effects of Injectable Solutions on the Quality of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:6817965. [PMID: 38962578 PMCID: PMC11221978 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6817965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines based on monocyte-derived dendritic cells have been shown to be promising strategies and may act as complementary treatments for viral infections, cancers, and, more recently, autoimmune diseases. Alpha-type-1-polarized dendritic cells (aDC1s) have been shown to induce type-1 immunity with a high capacity to produce interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70). In the clinical use of cell-based therapeutics, injectable solutions can affect the morphology, immunophenotypic profile, and viability of cells before delivery and their survival after injection. In this sense, preparing a cell suspension that maintains the quality of aDC1s is essential to ensure effective immunotherapy. In the present study, monocytes were differentiated into aDC1s in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF. On day 5, the cells were matured by the addition of a cytokine cocktail consisting of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Poly I:C. After 48 hr, mature aDC1s were harvested and suspended in two different solutions: normal saline and Ringer's lactate. The maintenance of cells in suspension was evaluated after 4, 6, and 8 hr of storage. Cell viability, immunophenotyping, and apoptosis analyses were performed by flow cytometry. Cellular morphology was observed by electron microscopy, and the production of IL-12p70 by aDC1s was evaluated by ELISA. Compared with normal saline, Ringer's lactate solution was more effective at maintaining DC viability for up to 8 hr of incubation at 4 or 22°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Teodoro Da Silva
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56)Clinical Hospital HCFMUSPFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Tiaki Tiyo
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56)Clinical Hospital HCFMUSPFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia de Jesus Mota
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56)Clinical Hospital HCFMUSPFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Mazzilli Ortega
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56)Clinical Hospital HCFMUSPFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Justamante Handel Schmitz
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56)Clinical Hospital HCFMUSPFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56)Clinical Hospital HCFMUSPFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Telma Miyuki Oshiro
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56)Clinical Hospital HCFMUSPFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Zhuang Z, Zhuo J, Yuan Y, Chen Z, Zhang S, Zhu A, Zhao J, Zhao J. Harnessing T-Cells for Enhanced Vaccine Development against Viral Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:478. [PMID: 38793729 PMCID: PMC11125924 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant strides in vaccine research and the availability of vaccines for many infectious diseases, the threat posed by both known and emerging infectious diseases persists. Moreover, breakthrough infections following vaccination remain a concern. Therefore, the development of novel vaccines is imperative. These vaccines must exhibit robust protective efficacy, broad-spectrum coverage, and long-lasting immunity. One promising avenue in vaccine development lies in leveraging T-cells, which play a crucial role in adaptive immunity and regulate immune responses during viral infections. T-cell recognition can target highly variable or conserved viral proteins, and memory T-cells offer the potential for durable immunity. Consequently, T-cell-based vaccines hold promise for advancing vaccine development efforts. This review delves into the latest research advancements in T-cell-based vaccines across various platforms and discusses the associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianfen Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yaochang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
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Mahesh S, Li J, Travieso T, Psaradelli D, Negri D, Klotman M, Cara A, Blasi M. Integrase Defective Lentiviral Vector Promoter Impacts Transgene Expression in Target Cells and Magnitude of Vector-Induced Immune Responses. Viruses 2023; 15:2255. [PMID: 38005931 PMCID: PMC10674321 DOI: 10.3390/v15112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrase defective lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) are a promising vaccine delivery platform given their ability to induce high magnitude and durable antigen-specific immune responses. IDLVs based on the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are significantly more efficient at transducing human and simian dendritic cells (DCs) compared to HIV-based vectors, resulting in a higher expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Additionally, IDLV persistence and continuous antigen expression in muscle cells at the injection site contributes to the durability of the vaccine-induced immune responses. Here, to further optimize transgene expression levels in both DCs and muscle cells, we generated ten novel lentiviral vectors (LVs) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under different hybrid promoters. Our data show that three of the tested hybrid promoters resulted in the highest transgene expression levels in mouse DCs, monkey DCs and monkey muscle cells. We then used the three LVs with the highest in vitro transgene expression levels to immunize BALB/c mice and observed high magnitude T cell responses at 3 months post-prime. Our study demonstrates that the choice of the vector promoter influences antigen expression levels in target cells and the ensuing magnitude of T cell responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Mahesh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.M.); (J.L.); (T.T.); (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.K.); (A.C.)
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.M.); (J.L.); (T.T.); (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.K.); (A.C.)
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tatianna Travieso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.M.); (J.L.); (T.T.); (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.K.); (A.C.)
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Danai Psaradelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.M.); (J.L.); (T.T.); (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.K.); (A.C.)
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Donatella Negri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.M.); (J.L.); (T.T.); (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.K.); (A.C.)
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Klotman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.M.); (J.L.); (T.T.); (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.K.); (A.C.)
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrea Cara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.M.); (J.L.); (T.T.); (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.K.); (A.C.)
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Blasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (S.M.); (J.L.); (T.T.); (D.P.); (D.N.); (M.K.); (A.C.)
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Jonny J, Putranto TA, Yana ML, Sitepu EC, Irfon R, Ramadhani BP, Sofro MAU, Nency YM, Lestari ES, Triwardhani R, Mujahidah, Sari RK, Soetojo NA. Safety and efficacy of dendritic cell vaccine for COVID-19 prevention after 1-Year follow-up: phase I and II clinical trial final result. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122389. [PMID: 37404828 PMCID: PMC10315914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interim analysis of phase I and phase II clinical trials of personalized vaccines made from autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) incubated with S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 show that this vaccine is safe and well tolerated. Our previous report also indicates that this vaccine can induce specific T-cell and B cell responses against SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we report the final analysis after 1 year of follow-up regarding its safety and efficacy in subjects of phase I and phase II clinical trials. Methods Adult subjects (>18 years old) were given autologous DCs derived from peripheral blood monocytes, which were incubated with the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2. The primary outcome is safety in phase I clinical trials. Meanwhile, optimal antigen dosage is determined in phase II clinical trials. Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Non-COVID-19 adverse events (AEs) were observed for 1 year. Results A total of 28 subjects in the phase I clinical trial were randomly assigned to nine groups based on antigen and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) dosage. In the phase II clinical trial, 145 subjects were randomly grouped into three groups based on antigen dosage. During the 1-year follow-up period, 35.71% of subjects in phase I and 16.54% in phase II had non-COVID AEs. No subjects in phase I experienced moderate-severe COVID-19. Meanwhile, 4.31% of subjects in phase II had moderate-severe COVID-19. There is no difference in both COVID and non-COVID-19 AEs between groups. Conclusions After 1 year of follow-up, this vaccine is proven safe and effective for preventing COVID-19. A phase III clinical trial involving more subjects should be conducted to establish its efficacy and see other possible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Jonny
- Installation of Cellcure Development, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine University of Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Terawan Agus Putranto
- Installation of Cellcure Development, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Martina Lily Yana
- Installation of Cellcure Development, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Enda Cindylosa Sitepu
- Installation of Cellcure Development, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Raoulian Irfon
- Installation of Cellcure Development, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Yetty Movieta Nency
- Dr. Kariadi Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Endang Sri Lestari
- Dr. Kariadi Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Ria Triwardhani
- Dr. Kariadi Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Mujahidah
- Dr. Kariadi Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Retty Karisma Sari
- Dr. Kariadi Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nur Alaydrus Soetojo
- Dr. Kariadi Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
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Laeremans T, den Roover S, Lungu C, D’haese S, Gruters RA, Allard SD, Aerts JL. Autologous dendritic cell vaccination against HIV-1 induces changes in natural killer cell phenotype and functionality. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:29. [PMID: 36864042 PMCID: PMC9980861 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although natural killer (NK) cells have been studied in connection with dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination in the field of cancer immunology, their role has barely been addressed in the context of therapeutic vaccination against HIV-1. In this study, we evaluated whether a therapeutic DC-based vaccine consisting of monocyte-derived DCs electroporated with Tat, Rev and Nef encoding mRNA affects NK cell frequency, phenotype and functionality in HIV-1-infected individuals. Although the frequency of total NK cells did not change, we observed a significant increase in cytotoxic NK cells following immunisation. In addition, significant changes in the NK cell phenotype associated with migration and exhaustion were observed together with increased NK cell-mediated killing and (poly)functionality. Our results show that DC-based vaccination has profound effects on NK cells, which highlights the importance of evaluating NK cells in future clinical trials looking at DC-based immunotherapy in the context of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thessa Laeremans
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine den Roover
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cynthia Lungu
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid D’haese
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rob A. Gruters
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine D. Allard
- grid.411326.30000 0004 0626 3362Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joeri L. Aerts
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Hendy DA, Haven A, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Preclinical developments in the delivery of protein antigens for vaccination. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:367-384. [PMID: 36731824 PMCID: PMC9992317 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2176844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine technology has constantly advanced since its origin. One of these advancements is where purified parts of a pathogen are used rather than the whole pathogen. Subunit vaccines have no chance of causing disease; however, alone these antigens are often poorly immunogenic. Therefore, they can be paired with immune stimulating adjuvants. Further, subunits can be combined with delivery strategies such as nano/microparticles to enrich their delivery to organs and cells of interest as well as protect them from in vivo degradation. Here, we seek to highlight some of the more promising delivery strategies for protein antigens. AREAS COVERED We present a brief description of the different types of vaccines, clinically relevant examples, and their disadvantages when compared to subunit vaccines. Also, specific preclinical examples of delivery strategies for protein antigens. EXPERT OPINION Subunit vaccines provide optimal safety given that they have no risk of causing disease; however, they are often not immunogenic enough on their own to provide protection. Advanced delivery systems are a promising avenue to increase the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines, but scalability and stability can be improved. Further, more research is warranted on systems that promote a mucosal immune response to provide better protection against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. Hendy
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Alex Haven
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Different dendritic cells-based vaccine constructs influence HIV-1 antigen-specific immunological responses and cytokine generation in virion-exposed splenocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nistor GI, Dillman RO, Robles RM, Langford JL, Poole AJ, Sofro MAU, Nency YM, Jonny J, Yana ML, Karyana M, Lestari ES, Triwardhani R, Mujahidah M, Sari RK, Soetojo NA, Wibisono D, Tjen D, Ikrar T, Sarkissian G, Winarta H, Putranto TA, Keirstead HS. A personal COVID-19 dendritic cell vaccine made at point-of-care: Feasibility, safety, and antigen-specific cellular immune responses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2100189. [PMID: 36018753 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a world-wide pandemic. Internationally, because of availability, accessibility, and distribution issues, there is a need for additional vaccines. This study aimed to: establish the feasibility of personal dendritic cell vaccines to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, establish the safety of a single subcutaneous vaccine injection, and determine the antigen-specific immune response following vaccination. In Phase 1, 31 subjects were assigned to one of nine formulations of autologous dendritic cells and lymphocytes (DCL) incubated with 0.10, 0.33, or 1.0 µg of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and admixed with saline or 250 or 500 µg of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prior to injection, then assessed for safety and humoral response. In Phase 2, 145 subjects were randomized to one of three formulations defined by incubation with the same three quantities of spike protein without GM-CSF, then assessed for safety and cellular response. Vaccines were successfully manufactured for every subject at point-of-care. Approximately 46.4% of subjects had a grade 1 adverse event (AE); 6.5% had a grade 2 AE. Among 169 evaluable subjects, there were no acute allergic, grade 3 or 4, or serious AE. In Phase 1, anti-receptor binding domain antibodies were increased in 70% of subjects on day-28. In Phase 2, in the 127 subjects who did not have high levels of gamma interferon-producing cells at baseline, 94.4% had increased by day 14 and 96.8% by day 28. Point-of-care personal vaccine manufacturing was feasible. Further development of such subject-specific vaccines is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yetty M Nency
- Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Jonny Jonny
- Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital (RSPAD), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Martina L Yana
- Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital (RSPAD), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | - Retty K Sari
- Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital (RSPAD), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Djoko Wibisono
- Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital (RSPAD), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Daniel Tjen
- Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital (RSPAD), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Taruna Ikrar
- Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Zhang J, Fan B, Cao G, Huang W, Jia F, Nie G, Wang H. Direct Presentation of Tumor-Associated Antigens to Induce Adaptive Immunity by Personalized Dendritic Cell-Mimicking Nanovaccines. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205950. [PMID: 36217832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs)-based vaccines are an approved method for inducing potent antigen-specific immune responses to eliminate tumor cells. However, this promising strategy still faces challenges such as tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) loading, lymph node homing, quality control, and other limitations. Here, a personalized DC-mimicking nanovaccine (nanoDC) for stimulation of TAAs-specific T cell populations is developed. The nanoDCs are fabricated using nanoparticles with dendritic structure and membranes from mature bone-marrow-derived cells (BMDCs). Mature BMDCs are stimulated by nanostructures assembled from Escherichia coli and tumor cells to efficiently deliver TAAs and induce BMDCs maturation through the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. By maintaining co-stimulatory markers, molecules class I (MHC-I) antigen complexes and lymphocyte homing receptors, nanoDCs efficiently migrate to lymph nodes and generate potent antigen-specific T cell responses. Consequently, vaccination with nanoDCs strongly inhibits the tumor growth and metastases formation in vivo. In particular, nanoDCs can also induce memory T cells for long-term protective immunity. This study demonstrates that nanoDCs can trigger adaptive immune protection against tumors for personalized immunotherapy and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Biao Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fuhao Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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11
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Mulherkar TH, Gómez DJ, Sandel G, Jain P. Co-Infection and Cancer: Host–Pathogen Interaction between Dendritic Cells and HIV-1, HTLV-1, and Other Oncogenic Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092037. [PMID: 36146843 PMCID: PMC9503663 DOI: 10.3390/v14092037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) function as a link between innate and adaptive immune responses. Retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1 modulate DCs to their advantage and utilize them to propagate infection. Coinfection of HTLV-1 and HIV-1 has implications for cancer malignancies. Both viruses initially infect DCs and propagate the infection to CD4+ T cells through cell-to-cell transmission using mechanisms including the formation of virologic synapses, viral biofilms, and conduits. These retroviruses are both neurotrophic with neurovirulence determinants. The neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 results in neurodegenerative diseases such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Infected DCs are known to traffic to the brain (CNS) and periphery (PNS, lymphatics) to induce neurodegeneration in HAND and HAM/TSP patients. Elevated levels of neuroinflammation have been correlated with cognitive decline and impairment of motor control performance. Current vaccinations and therapeutics for HIV-1 and HTLV-1 are assessed and can be applied to patients with HIV-1-associated cancers and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). These diseases caused by co-infections can result in both neurodegeneration and cancer. There are associations with cancer malignancies and HIV-1 and HTLV-1 as well as other human oncogenic viruses (EBV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HPV). This review contains current knowledge on DC sensing of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 including DC-SIGN, Tat, Tax, and current viral therapies. An overview of DC interaction with oncogenic viruses including EBV, Hepatitis viruses, and HPV is also provided. Vaccines and therapeutics targeting host–pathogen interactions can provide a solution to co-infections, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania H. Mulherkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Daniel Joseph Gómez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd, Hayward, CA 94542, USA
| | - Grace Sandel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Board NL, Moskovljevic M, Wu F, Siliciano RF, Siliciano JD. Engaging innate immunity in HIV-1 cure strategies. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:499-512. [PMID: 34824401 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) can block multiple stages of the HIV-1 life cycle to prevent progression to AIDS in people living with HIV-1. However, owing to the persistence of a reservoir of latently infected CD4+ T cells, life-long ART is necessary to prevent viral rebound. One strategy currently under consideration for curing HIV-1 infection is known as 'shock and kill'. This strategy uses latency-reversing agents to induce expression of HIV-1 genes, allowing for infected cells to be cleared by cytolytic immune cells. The role of innate immunity in HIV-1 pathogenesis is best understood in the context of acute infection. Here, we suggest that innate immunity can also be used to improve the efficacy of HIV-1 cure strategies, with a particular focus on dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer cells. We discuss novel latency-reversing agents targeting DCs as well as DC-based strategies to enhance the clearance of infected cells by CD8+ T cells and strategies to improve the killing activity of natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Board
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milica Moskovljevic
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fengting Wu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert F Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Janet D Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Ando S, Araki K. CD8 T cell heterogeneity during T cell exhaustion and PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. Int Immunol 2022; 34:571-577. [PMID: 35901837 PMCID: PMC9533227 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent antigenic stimulation results in loss of effector function or physical deletion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells. This T cell state is called T cell exhaustion and occurs during chronic infection and cancer. Antigen-specific CD8 T cells during T cell exhaustion express the inhibitory receptor PD-1, the expression of which plays a major role in T cell dysfunction. PD-1 blockade re-invigorates CD8 T cell immunity and has been proven effective against many different types of human cancer. To further improve the efficacy of PD-1-targeted immunotherapy in cancer patients, a better understanding of T cell exhaustion is required. Recent studies have revealed that antigen-specific CD8 T cells during T cell exhaustion are heterogeneous and have also uncovered the detailed mechanisms for PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. Here, we review the CD8 T cell subsets that arise during T cell exhaustion, the lineage relationship among these individual subsets and the role of each subset in PD-1 blockade. Also, we discuss potential strategies to enhance the efficacy of PD-1-targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Ando
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45229 OH, USA
| | - Koichi Araki
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, 45229 OH, USA
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14
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Jonny J, Putranto TA, Sitepu EC, Irfon R. Dendritic cell vaccine as a potential strategy to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Why should it be Ex Vivo? Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1111-1120. [PMID: 35593184 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2080658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Developing a safe and efficacious vaccine that can induce broad and long-term immunity for SARS-CoV-2 infection is the most critical research to date. As the most potent APCs, dendritic cells (DCs) can induce a robust T cell immunity. In addition, DCs also play an essential role in COVID-19 pathogenesis, making them a potential vaccination target. However, the DCs-based vaccine with ex vivo loading has not yet been explored for COVID-19. AREAS COVERED This review aims to provide the rationale for developing a DCs-based vaccine with ex vivo loading of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. Here, we discuss the role of DCs in immunity and the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on DCs. Then, we propose the mechanism of the DCs-based vaccine in inducing immunity and highlight the benefits of ex vivo loading of antigen. EXPERT OPINION We make the case that an ex vivo loaded DC-based vaccination is appropriate for COVID-19 prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Jonny
- Cellcure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Raoulian Irfon
- Cellcure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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15
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Xufré C, González T, Leal L, Trubey CM, Lifson JD, Gatell JM, Alcamí J, Climent N, García F, Sánchez-Palomino S. Highly Efficient Autologous HIV-1 Isolation by Coculturing Macrophage With Enriched CD4 + T Cells From HIV-1 Patients. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:869431. [PMID: 35967461 PMCID: PMC9364968 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.869431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We described a novel HIV autologous isolation method based in coculturing macrophages and CD4+T-cell-enriched fractions from peripheral blood collected from antiretroviral-treated (ART) HIV patients. This method allows the isolation of high viral titers of autologous viruses, over 1010HIV RNA copies/ml, and reduces the time required to produce necessary amounts for virus for use as antigens presented by monocyte-derived myeloid cells in HIV therapeutic vaccine approaches. By applying these high titer and autologous virus produced in the patient-derived cells, we intended to elicit a boost of the immunological system response in HIV therapeutic vaccines in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Xufré
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanía González
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Infectious Diseases, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorna Leal
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles M. Trubey
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - José María Gatell
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Infectious Diseases, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Climent
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Infectious Diseases, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Infectious Diseases, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino
- AIDS Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Infectious Diseases, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Harris JE. The repeated setbacks of HIV vaccine development laid the groundwork for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 11:100619. [PMID: 35340773 PMCID: PMC8935961 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The decades-long effort to produce a workable HIV vaccine has hardly been a waste of public and private resources. To the contrary, the scientific know-how acquired along the way has served as the critical foundation for the development of vaccines against the novel, pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus. We retell the real-world story of HIV vaccine research – with all its false leads and missteps – in a way that sheds light on the current state of the art of antiviral vaccines. We find that HIV-related R&D had more than a general spillover effect. In fact, the repeated failures of phase 2 and 3 clinical trials of HIV vaccine candidates have served as a critical stimulus to the development of successful vaccine technologies today. We rebut the counterargument that HIV vaccine development has been no more than a blind alley, and that recently developed vaccines against COVID-19 are really descendants of successful vaccines against Ebola, MERS, and SARS. These successful vaccines likewise owe much to the vicissitudes of HIV vaccine development. We then discuss how the failures of HIV vaccine development have taught us how adapt SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to immune escape from emerging variants. Finally, we inquire whether recent advances in the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 might in turn further the development of an HIV vaccine - what we describe as a reverse spillover effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Harris
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Eisner Health, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA
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17
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de Almeida Baptista MV, da Silva LT, Samer S, Oshiro TM, Shytaj IL, Giron LB, Pena NM, Cruz N, Gosuen GC, Ferreira PRA, Cunha-Neto E, Galinskas J, Dias D, Sucupira MCA, de Almeida-Neto C, Salomão R, da Silva Duarte AJ, Janini LM, Hunter JR, Savarino A, Juliano MA, Diaz RS. Immunogenicity of personalized dendritic-cell therapy in HIV-1 infected individuals under suppressive antiretroviral treatment: interim analysis from a phase II clinical trial. AIDS Res Ther 2022; 19:2. [PMID: 35022035 PMCID: PMC8753935 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-021-00426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We developed a personalized Monocyte-Derived Dendritic-cell Therapy (MDDCT) for HIV-infected individuals on suppressive antiretroviral treatment and evaluated HIV-specific T-cell responses. Methods PBMCs were obtained from 10 HIV+ individuals enrolled in trial NCT02961829. Monocytes were differentiated into DCs using IFN-α and GM-CSF. After sequencing each patient’s HIV-1 Gag and determining HLA profiles, autologous Gag peptides were selected based on the predicted individual immunogenicity and used to pulse MDDCs. Three doses of the MDDCT were administered every 15 days. To assess immunogenicity, patients’ cells were stimulated in vitro with autologous peptides, and intracellular IL-2, TNF, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production were measured in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Results The protocol of ex-vivo treatment with IFN-α and GM-CSF was able to induce maturation of MDDCs, as well as to preserve their viability for reinfusion. MDDCT administration was associated with increased expression of IL-2 in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells at 15 and/or 30 days after the first MDDCT administration. Moreover, intracellular TNF and IFN-γ expression was significantly increased in CD4+ T-cells. The number of candidates that increased in vitro the cytokine levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells upon stimulation with Gag peptides from baseline to day 15 and from baseline to day 30 and day 120 after MDDCT was significant as compared to Gag unstimulated response. This was accompanied by an increasing trend in the frequency of polyfunctional T-cells over time, which was visible when considering both cells expressing two and three out of the three cytokines examined. Conclusions MDDC had a mature profile, and this MDDCT promoted in-vitro T-cell immune responses in HIV-infected patients undergoing long-term suppressive antiretroviral treatment. Trial registration NCT02961829: (Multi Interventional Study Exploring HIV-1 Residual Replication: a Step Towards HIV-1 Eradication and Sterilizing Cure, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02961829, posted November 11th, 2016) Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12981-021-00426-z.
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18
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How dendritic cells sense and respond to viral infections. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2217-2242. [PMID: 34623425 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to sense viral pathogens and orchestrate a proper immune response makes them one of the key players in antiviral immunity. Different DC subsets have complementing functions during viral infections, some specialize in antigen presentation and cross-presentation and others in the production of cytokines with antiviral activity, such as type I interferons. In this review, we summarize the latest updates concerning the role of DCs in viral infections, with particular focus on the complex interplay between DC subsets and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite being initiated by a vast array of immune receptors, DC-mediated antiviral responses often converge towards the same endpoint, that is the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of an adaptive immune response. Nonetheless, the inherent migratory properties of DCs make them a double-edged sword and often viral recognition by DCs results in further viral dissemination. Here we illustrate these various aspects of the antiviral functions of DCs and also provide a brief overview of novel antiviral vaccination strategies based on DCs targeting.
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19
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Development and Evaluation of an Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Mucin-Like Domain Replacement System as a New Dendritic Cell-Targeting Vaccine Approach against HIV-1. J Virol 2021; 95:e0236820. [PMID: 34011553 PMCID: PMC8274623 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02368-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient vaccine approaches against HIV infection remains challenging in the vaccine field. Here, we developed an Ebola virus envelope glycoprotein (EboGP)-based chimeric fusion protein system and demonstrated that replacement of the mucin-like domain (MLD) of EboGP with HIV C2-V3-C3 (134 amino acids [aa]) or C2-V3-C3-V4-C4-V5-C5 (243 aa) polypeptides (EbGPΔM-V3 and EbGPΔM-V3-V5, respectively) still maintained the efficiency of EboGP-mediated viral entry into human macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Animal studies using mice revealed that immunization with virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the above chimeric proteins, especially EbGPΔM-V3, induced significantly more potent anti-HIV antibodies than HIV gp120 alone in mouse serum and vaginal fluid. Moreover, the splenocytes isolated from mice immunized with VLPs containing EbGPΔM-V3 produced significantly higher levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α). Additionally, we demonstrated that coexpression of EbGPΔM-V3 and the HIV Env glycoprotein in a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vector elicited robust anti-HIV antibodies that may have specifically recognized epitopes outside or inside the C2-V3-C3 region of HIV-1 gp120 and cross-reacted with the gp120 from different HIV strains. Thus, this study has demonstrated the great potential of this DC-targeting vaccine platform as a new vaccine approach for improving immunogen delivery and increasing vaccine efficacy. IMPORTANCE Currently, there are more than 38.5 million reported cases of HIV globally. To date, there is no approved vaccine for HIV-1 infection. Thus, the development of an effective vaccine against HIV infection remains a global priority. This study revealed the efficacy of a novel dendritic cell (DC)-targeting vaccination approach against HIV-1. The results clearly show that the immunization of mice with virus-like particles (VLPs) and VSVs containing HIV Env and a fusion protein composed of a DC-targeting domain of Ebola virus GP with HIV C2-V3-C3 polypeptides (EbGPΔM-V3) could induce robust immune responses against HIV-1 Env and/or Gag in serum and vaginal mucosa. These findings provide a proof of concept of this novel and efficient DC-targeting vaccine approach in delivering various antigenic polypeptides of HIV-1 and/or other emergent infections to the host antigen-presenting cells to prevent HIV and other viral infections.
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20
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Thomas AM, Beskid NM, Blanchfield JL, Rosado AM, García AJ, Evavold BD, Babensee JE. Localized hydrogel delivery of dendritic cells for attenuation of multiple sclerosis in a murine model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1247-1255. [PMID: 33040412 PMCID: PMC11250987 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), abnormally activated immune cells responsive to myelin proteins result in widespread damage throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and ultimately irreversible disability. Immunomodulation by delivering dendritic cells (DCs) utilizes a potent and rapid MS disease progression driver therapeutically. Here, we investigated delivering DCs for disease severity attenuation using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis preclinical MS model. DCs treated with interleukin-10 (IL-10) (DC10s) were transplanted using in situ gelling poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel for target site localization. DC delivery increased hydrogel longevity and altered the injection site recruited, endogenous immune cell profile within 2 days postinjection. Furthermore, hydrogel-mediated DC transplantation efficacy depended on the injection-site. DCs delivered to the neck local to MS-associated CNS-draining cervical lymph nodes attenuated paralysis, compared to untreated controls, while delivery to the flank did not alter paralysis severity. This study demonstrates that local delivery of DC10s modulates immune cell recruitment and attenuates disease progression in a preclinical model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M. Thomas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Nicholas M. Beskid
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | | | - Aaron M. Rosado
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Andrés J. García
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | | | - Julia E. Babensee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology
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21
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Andrieu JM, Lu W. Evidence of a tolerogenic vaccine against AIDS in the Chinese macaque prefigures a potential human vaccine. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1273-1282. [PMID: 33507389 PMCID: PMC8036203 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In 2006 we discovered a new type of mucosal vaccine against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in Chinese macaques. Here, we review 15 years of our published work on this vaccine, which consists of inactivated SIVmac239 particles adjuvanted with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, Lactobacillus plantarum, or Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Without adjuvant, the vaccine administered by the intragastric route induced the usual SIV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses but provided no protection against intrarectal challenge with SIVmac239. In contrast, out of 24 macaques immunized with the adjuvanted vaccine and challenged intrarectally with SIVmac239 or SIVB670, 23 were sterilely protected for up to five years, while all control macaques were infected. This protection was confirmed by an independent group from the Pasteur Institute. During the past 15 years, we have identified the mechanism of action of the vaccine and discovered that the vaccinated macaques produced a previously unrecognized class of MHC-Ib/E-restricted CD8+ T cells (which we refer to as tolerogenic CD8+ T cells) that suppressed the activation of SIV-RNA-infected CD4+ T cells and thereby inhibited the (activation-dependent) reverse transcription of the virus, which in turn prevented the establishment of SIV infection. Importantly, we discovered also that the tolerogenic CD8+ T cell subset observed in vaccinated Chinese macaques could also be found in human elite controllers, a small group of HIV-infected patients in whom these tolerogenic CD8+ T cells were shown to naturally suppress viral replication. Given that SIV and HIV require activated immune cells in which to replicate, the specific prevention of activation of SIV-RNA-containing CD4+ T cells by a tolerogenic vaccine approach offers an exciting new avenue in HIV vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Andrieu
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France. .,Institut de Recherche sur les Vaccins et l'Immunothérapie des Cancers et du SIDA, Centre Universitaire des Saints Pères, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Wei Lu
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France. .,Institut de Recherche sur les Vaccins et l'Immunothérapie des Cancers et du SIDA, Centre Universitaire des Saints Pères, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France. .,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 13000, Marseille, France.
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22
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Mekonnen ZA, Masavuli MG, Yu W, Gummow J, Whelan DM, Al-Delfi Z, Torresi J, Gowans EJ, Grubor-Bauk B. Enhanced T Cell Responses Induced by a Necrotic Dendritic Cell Vaccine, Expressing HCV NS3. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:559105. [PMID: 33343515 PMCID: PMC7739890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.559105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A vaccine that induces potent, broad and sustained cell-mediated immunity, resulting in effective memory has the potential to restrict hepatitis C (HCV) virus infection. Early, multi-functional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses against non-structural protein 3 (NS3) have been associated with HCV clearance. Necrotic cells generate strong immune responses and represent a major antigenic source used by dendritic cells (DC) for processing and presentation, but there is conflicting evidence as to their immunogenicity in vaccination. Immunization with DC loaded with viral antigens has been done in the past, but to date the immunogenicity of live vs. necrotic DC vaccines has not been investigated. We developed a DC2.4 cell line stably expressing HCV NS3, and compared the NS3-specific responses of live vs. necrotic NS3 DC. Vaccination of mice with necrotic NS3 DC increased the breadth of T-cell responses and enhanced the production of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ by effector memory CD4+ and CD8+T cells, compared to mice vaccinated with live NS3 DC. A single dose of necrotic NS3 DC vaccine induced a greater influx and activation of cross-presenting CD11c+ CD8α+ DC and necrosis-sensing Clec9A+ DC in the draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, using a hydrodynamic challenge model necrotic NS3 DC vaccination resulted in enhanced clearance of NS3-positive hepatocytes from the livers of vaccinated mice. Taken together, the data demonstrate that necrotic DC represent a novel and exciting vaccination strategy capable of inducing broad and multifunctional T cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem A Mekonnen
- Viral Immunology Group, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Makutiro G Masavuli
- Viral Immunology Group, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Viral Immunology Group, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jason Gummow
- Gene Silencing and Expression Laboratory, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dawn M Whelan
- Viral Immunology Group, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zahraa Al-Delfi
- Viral Immunology Group, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joseph Torresi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric J Gowans
- Viral Immunology Group, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Viral Immunology Group, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Zhang B, Napoleon JV, Liu X, Luo Q, Srinivasarao M, Low PS. Sensitive manipulation of CAR T cell activity using a chimeric endocytosing receptor. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-000756. [PMID: 33127654 PMCID: PMC7604868 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) suffer from an inability to control the therapeutic cell’s behavior following its transplantation into a patient. Thus, efforts to inhibit, activate, differentiate or terminate an ACT after patient reinfusion can be futile, because the required drug adversely affects other cells in the patient. Methods We describe here a two domain fusion receptor composed of a ligand-binding domain linked to a recycling domain that allows constitutive internalization and trafficking of the fusion receptor back to the cell surface. Because the ligand-binding domain is designed to bind a ligand not normally present in humans, any drug conjugated to this ligand will bind and endocytose selectively into the ACT. Results In two embodiments of our strategy, we fuse the chronically endocytosing domain of human folate receptor alpha to either a murine scFv that binds fluorescein or human FK506 binding protein that binds FK506, thereby creating a fusion receptor composed of largely human components. We then create the ligand-targeted drug by conjugating any desired drug to either fluorescein or FK506, thereby generating a ligand-drug conjugate with ~10-9 M affinity for its fusion receptor. Using these tools, we demonstrate that CAR T cell activities can be sensitively tuned down or turned off in vitro as well as tightly controlled following their reinfusion into tumor-bearing mice. Conclusions We suggest this ‘chimeric endocytosing receptor’ can be exploited to manipulate not only CAR T cells but other ACTs following their reinfusion into patients. With efforts to develop ACTs to treat diseases including diabetes, heart failure, osteoarthritis, cancer and sickle cell anemia accelerating, we argue an ability to manipulate ACT activities postinfusion will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Zhang
- Chemistry, Purdue University System, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Xin Liu
- Chemistry, Purdue University System, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Qian Luo
- Chemistry, Purdue University System, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Philip S Low
- Chemistry, Purdue University System, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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24
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Ward AR, Mota TM, Jones RB. Immunological approaches to HIV cure. Semin Immunol 2020; 51:101412. [PMID: 32981836 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has proven remarkably successful - for those who can access and afford it - yet HIV infection persists indefinitely in a reservoir of cells, despite effective ART and despite host antiviral immune responses. An HIV cure is therefore the next aspirational goal and challenge, though approaches differ in their objectives - with 'functional cures' aiming for durable viral control in the absence of ART, and 'sterilizing cures' aiming for the more difficult to realize objective of complete viral eradication. Mechanisms of HIV persistence, including viral latency, anatomical sequestration, suboptimal immune functioning, reservoir replenishment, target cell-intrinsic immune resistance, and, potentially, target cell distraction of immune effectors, likely need to be overcome in order to achieve a cure. A small fraction of people living with HIV (PLWH) naturally control infection via immune-mediated mechanisms, however, providing both sound rationale and optimism that an immunological approach to cure is possible. Herein we review up to date knowledge and emerging evidence on: the mechanisms contributing to HIV persistence, as well as potential strategies to overcome these barriers; promising immunological approaches to achieve viral control and elimination of reservoir-harboring cells, including harnessing adaptive immune responses to HIV and engineered therapies, as well as enhancers of their functions and of complementary innate immune functioning; and combination strategies that are most likely to succeed. Ultimately, a cure must be safe, effective, durable, and, eventually, scalable in order to be widely acceptable and available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Ward
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; PhD Program in Epidemiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Talia M Mota
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Brad Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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25
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Therapeutic Vaccines for the Treatment of HIV. Transl Res 2020; 223:61-75. [PMID: 32438074 PMCID: PMC8188575 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in transforming HIV into a manageable disease, it has become evident that long-term ART will not eliminate the HIV reservoir and cure the infection. Alternative strategies to eradicate HIV infection, or at least induce a state of viral control and drug-free remission are therefore needed. Therapeutic vaccination aims to induce or enhance immunity to alter the course of a disease. In this review we provide an overview of the current state of therapeutic HIV vaccine research and summarize the obstacles that the field faces while highlighting potential ways forward for a strategy to cure HIV infection.
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26
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van der Sluis RM, Egedal JH, Jakobsen MR. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells as Cell-Based Therapeutics: A Novel Immunotherapy to Treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:249. [PMID: 32528903 PMCID: PMC7264089 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in mediating innate and adaptive immune responses. Since their discovery in the late 1970's, DCs have been recognized as the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). DCs have a superior capacity for acquiring, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells and they express costimulatory or coinhibitory molecules that determine immune activation or anergy. For these reasons, cell-based therapeutic approaches using DCs have been explored in cancer and infectious diseases but with limited success. In humans, DCs are divided into heterogeneous subsets with distinct characteristics. Two major subsets are CD11c+ myeloid (m)DCs and CD11c− plasmacytoid (p)DCs. pDCs are different from mDCs and play an essential role in the innate immune system via the production of type I interferons (IFN). However, pDCs are also able to take-up antigens and effectively cross present them. Given the rarity of pDCs in blood and technical difficulties in obtaining them from human blood samples, the understanding of human pDC biology and their potential in immunotherapeutic approaches (e.g. cell-based vaccines) is limited. However, due to the recent advancements in cell culturing systems that allow for the generation of functional pDCs from CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), studying pDCs has become easier. In this mini-review, we hypothesize about the use of pDCs as a cell-based therapy to treat HIV by enhancing anti-HIV-immune responses of the adaptive immune system and enhancing the anti-viral responses of the innate immune system. Additionally, we discuss obstacles to overcome before this approach becomes clinically applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée M van der Sluis
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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The Evolution of Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy against HIV-1 Infection: Improvements and Outlook. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9470102. [PMID: 32537473 PMCID: PMC7267878 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9470102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are key phagocytic cells that play crucial roles in both the innate and adaptive immune responses against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). By processing and presenting pathogen-derived antigens, dendritic cells initiate a directed response against infected cells. They activate the adaptive immune system upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on infected cells. During the course of HIV-1 infection, a successful adaptive (cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell) response is necessary for preventing the progression and spread of infection in a variety of cells. Dendritic cells have thus been recognized as a valuable tool in the development of immunotherapeutic approaches and vaccines effective against HIV-1. The advancements in dendritic cell vaccines in cancers have paved the way for applications of this form of immunotherapy to HIV-1 infection. Clinical trials with patients infected with HIV-1 who are well-suppressed by antiretroviral therapy (ART) were recently performed to assess the efficacy of DC vaccines, with the goal of mounting an HIV-1 antigen-specific T-cell response, ideally to clear infection and eliminate the need for long-term ART. This review summarizes and compares methods and efficacies of a number of DC vaccine trials utilizing autologous dendritic cells loaded with HIV-1 antigens. The potential for advancement and novel strategies of improving efficacy of this type of immunotherapy is also discussed.
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Therapeutic vaccination with IDLV-SIV-Gag results in durable viremia control in chronically SHIV-infected macaques. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:36. [PMID: 32411399 PMCID: PMC7210278 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite incredible scientific efforts, there is no cure for HIV infection. While antiretroviral treatment (ART) can help control the virus and prevent transmission, it cannot eradicate HIV from viral reservoirs established before the initiation of therapy. Further, HIV-infected individuals reliably exhibit viral rebound when ART is interrupted, suggesting that the host immune response fails to control viral replication in persistent reservoirs. Therapeutic vaccines are one current approach to improving antiviral host immune responses and enhance long term virus control. In the present study, we used an integrase defective lentiviral vector (IDLV) expressing SIV-Gag to boost anti-Gag specific immune responses in macaques chronically infected with the tier-2 SHIV-1157(QNE)Y173H. A single immunization with IDLV-SIV-Gag induced durable (>20 weeks) virus control in 55% of the vaccinated macaques, correlating with an increased magnitude of SIV-Gag specific CD8+ T-cell responses. IDLV-based therapeutic vaccines are therefore an effective approach to improve virus specific CD8+ T-cell responses and mediate virus control.
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29
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A Quantitative Genetic Interaction Map of HIV Infection. Mol Cell 2020; 78:197-209.e7. [PMID: 32084337 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a platform for quantitative genetic interaction mapping using viral infectivity as a functional readout and constructed a viral host-dependency epistasis map (vE-MAP) of 356 human genes linked to HIV function, comprising >63,000 pairwise genetic perturbations. The vE-MAP provides an expansive view of the genetic dependencies underlying HIV infection and can be used to identify drug targets and study viral mutations. We found that the RNA deadenylase complex, CNOT, is a central player in the vE-MAP and show that knockout of CNOT1, 10, and 11 suppressed HIV infection in primary T cells by upregulating innate immunity pathways. This phenotype was rescued by deletion of IRF7, a transcription factor regulating interferon-stimulated genes, revealing a previously unrecognized host signaling pathway involved in HIV infection. The vE-MAP represents a generic platform that can be used to study the global effects of how different pathogens hijack and rewire the host during infection.
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Abstract
HIV infection can be effectively treated by lifelong administration of combination antiretroviral therapy, but an effective vaccine will likely be required to end the HIV epidemic. Although the majority of current vaccine strategies focus on the induction of neutralizing antibodies, there is substantial evidence that cellular immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells can sustain long-term disease-free and transmission-free HIV control and may be harnessed to induce both therapeutic and preventive antiviral effects. In this Review, we discuss the increasing evidence derived from individuals who spontaneously control infection without antiretroviral therapy as well as preclinical immunization studies that provide a clear rationale for renewed efforts to develop a CD8+ T cell-based HIV vaccine in conjunction with B cell vaccine efforts. Further, we outline the remaining challenges in translating these findings into viable HIV prevention, treatment and cure strategies. Recently, antibody-mediated control of HIV infection has received considerable attention. Here, the authors discuss the importance of CD8+ T cells in HIV infection and suggest that efforts to develop vaccines that target these cells in conjunction with B cells should be renewed.
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31
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Role of Dendritic Cells in Exposing Latent HIV-1 for the Kill. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010037. [PMID: 31905690 PMCID: PMC7019604 DOI: 10.3390/v12010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of effective yet nontoxic strategies to target the latent human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) reservoir in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed individuals poses a critical barrier to a functional cure. The ‘kick and kill’ approach to HIV eradication entails proviral reactivation during ART, coupled with generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or other immune effectors equipped to eliminate exposed infected cells. Pharmacological latency reversal agents (LRAs) that have produced modest reductions in the latent reservoir ex vivo have not impacted levels of proviral DNA in HIV-infected individuals. An optimal cure strategy incorporates methods that facilitate sufficient antigen exposure on reactivated cells following the induction of proviral gene expression, as well as the elimination of infected targets by either polyfunctional HIV-specific CTLs or other immune-based strategies. Although conventional dendritic cells (DCs) have been used extensively for the purpose of inducing antigen-specific CTL responses in HIV-1 clinical trials, their immunotherapeutic potential as cellular LRAs has been largely ignored. In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with current HIV-1 eradication strategies, as well as the unharnessed potential of ex vivo-programmed DCs for both the ‘kick and kill’ of latent HIV-1.
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Ko EJ, Robert-Guroff M. Dendritic Cells in HIV/SIV Prophylactic and Therapeutic Vaccination. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010024. [PMID: 31878130 PMCID: PMC7019216 DOI: 10.3390/v12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV and SIV) pathogenesis but also play a critical role in orchestrating innate and adaptive vaccine-specific immune responses. Effective HIV/SIV vaccines require strong antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses, cytotoxic activity of CD8 T cells, and neutralizing/non-neutralizing antibody production at mucosal and systemic sites. To develop a protective HIV/SIV vaccine, vaccine regimens including DCs themselves, protein, DNA, mRNA, virus vectors, and various combinations have been evaluated in different animal and human models. Recent studies have shown that DCs enhanced prophylactic HIV/SIV vaccine efficacy by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, improving T cell responses, and recruiting effector cells to target tissues. DCs are also targets for therapeutic HIV/SIV vaccines due to their ability to reverse latency, present antigen, and augment T and B cell immunity. Here, we review the complex interactions of DCs over the course of HIV/SIV prophylactic and therapeutic immunizations, providing new insights into development of advanced DC-targeted HIV/SIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-J.K.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: (E.-J.K.); (M.R.-G.)
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Antagonistic role of IL-1ß and NLRP3/IL-18 genetics in chronic HIV-1 infection. Clin Immunol 2019; 209:108266. [PMID: 31669192 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Host genetics affects both susceptibility and progression of HIV-1 infection. NLRP3 inflammasome provides a first-line defense in viral infections, and, accordingly, gain-of-function variants in NLRP3 have been associated with protection against HIV-1. Despite antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV-infected patients continue to present systemic inflammation with a heterogeneous prognosis. As NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in several chronic diseases by amplifying "sterile" inflammation, its role in chronic phase of HIV infection has been postulated. Little is known about inflammasome genetics in HIV-infected patients and whether it may play a role in the different clinical outcomes. Therefore, we questioned whether NLRP3 inflammasome genetics could affect the clinical course of HIV-1 infection as it does in host/virus interaction. For this purpose, we analyzed selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ART-treated HIV-infected patients (n = 300), in Long Term Non-Progressors/Elite Controllers and progressors (n = 133), and in HIV-infected individuals submitted to dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy (n = 19). SNPs leading to increased activation of NLRP3 inflammasome are beneficial for patients, while SNPs that negatively affect NLRP3 activation or IL-18 production, detrimental. In contrast, gain-of-function variant in IL1B is also detrimental for patients, suggesting that while IL-1ß possible contributes to immune exhaustion, the axis NLRP3-inflammasome/IL-18 could act positively in chronic infection. Functional assays supported genetic results: NLRP3 variants associated with good quality HIV+ DC, and IL1B -511C > T with a poor one. Loss-of-function SNPs affect HIV+ T cells proliferation. These findings proposed for the first time that NLRP3 inflammasome, mainly through IL-18, play a protective role in chronic HIV infection.
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Surenaud M, Montes M, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A, Banchereau J, Palucka K, Lelièvre JD, Lacabaratz C, Lévy Y. Anti-HIV potency of T-cell responses elicited by dendritic cell therapeutic vaccination. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008011. [PMID: 31498845 PMCID: PMC6733439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and characterization of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell epitopes elicited by HIV therapeutic vaccination is key for elucidating the nature of protective cellular responses and mechanism of the immune evasion of HIV. Here, we report the characterization of HIV-specific T-cell responses in cART (combination antiretroviral therapy) treated HIV-1 infected patients after vaccination with ex vivo-generated IFNα Dendritic Cells (DCs) loaded with LIPO-5 (HIV-1 Nef 66-97, Nef 116-145, Gag 17-35, Gag 253-284 and Pol 325-355 lipopeptides). Vaccination induced and/or expanded HIV-specific CD8+ T cells producing IFNγ, perforin, granzyme A and granzyme B, and also CD4+ T cells secreting IFNγ, IL-2 and IL-13. These responses were directed against dominant and subdominant epitopes representing all vaccine regions; Gag, Pol and Nef. Interestingly, IL-2 and IL-13 produced by CD4+ T cells were negatively correlated with the peak of viral replication following analytic treatment interruption (ATI). Epitope mapping confirmed that vaccination elicited responses against predicted T-cell epitopes, but also allowed to identify a set of 8 new HIV-1 HLA-DR-restricted CD4+ T-cell epitopes. These results may help to better design future DC therapeutic vaccines and underscore the role of vaccine-elicited CD4+ T-cell responses to achieve control of HIV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Surenaud
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955—Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Monica Montes
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Center for Human Vaccines, Dallas TX, United States of America
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Center for Human Vaccines, Dallas TX, United States of America
| | - Karolina Palucka
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Center for Human Vaccines, Dallas TX, United States of America
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelièvre
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955—Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d’Immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France
| | - Christine Lacabaratz
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955—Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955—Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service d’Immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
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da Silva LT, da Silva WC, de Almeida A, da Silva Reis D, Santillo BT, Rigato PO, da Silva Duarte AJ, Oshiro TM. Characterization of monocyte-derived dendritic cells used in immunotherapy for HIV-1-infected individuals. Immunotherapy 2019; 10:871-885. [PMID: 30073900 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS A therapeutic vaccine based on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) has been shown to represent a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer and viral infections. Here, we characterized the MDDCs used as an immunogen in a clinical trial for an anti-HIV-1 therapeutic vaccine. PATIENTS & METHODS Monocytes obtained from 17 HIV-infected individuals were differentiated into MDDCs and, after loading with autologous HIV, the cells were characterized concerning surface molecule expression, migratory and phagocytosis capacity, cytokine production and the induction of an effective cell-mediated immune response. RESULTS The MDDCs were able to induce antigen-specific responses in autologous CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Despite a large interindividual variability, the results suggested that MDDCs present the potential to promote immune responses in vaccinated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Teodoro da Silva
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Cardoso da Silva
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Almeida
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Denise da Silva Reis
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Tereso Santillo
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. 05403-903, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. 05403-903, Brazil
| | - Telma Miyuki Oshiro
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. 05403-903, Brazil
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Dos Reis EC, Leal VNC, Soares JLDS, Fernandes FP, Souza de Lima D, de Alencar BC, Pontillo A. Flagellin/NLRC4 Pathway Rescues NLRP3-Inflammasome Defect in Dendritic Cells From HIV-Infected Patients: Perspective for New Adjuvant in Immunocompromised Individuals. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1291. [PMID: 31244842 PMCID: PMC6579915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in dendritic cells (DC) activation in response to vaccine adjuvants, however we previously showed that it is not properly activated in DC from HIV-infected patients (HIV-DC), explaining, at least in part, the poor response to immunization of these patients. Taking in account that several cytoplasmic receptors are able to activate inflammasome, and that bacterial components are considered as a novel and efficient adjuvant, we postulated that bacterial flagellin (FLG), a natural ligand of NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome, could rescue the activation of the complex in HIV-DC. Objective: Demonstrate that FLG is able to activate monocyte-derived dendritic cells from HIV-infected individuals better than LPS, and to what extent the entity of inflammasome activation differs between DC from HIV-infected patients and healthy donors. Methods: Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from HIV-infected patients (HIV-DC) and healthy donors (HD-DC) were stimulated with FLG, and inflammasome as well as DC activation (phenotypic profile, cytokine production, autologous lymphocytes activation) were compared. Chemical and genetic inhibitors were used to depict the relative contribution of NLRC4 and NLRP3 in HIV/HD-DC response to FLG. Results: FLG properly activates HD-DC and HIV-DC. FLG induces higher inflammasome activation than LPS in HIV-DC. FLG acts through NLRC4 and NLRP3 in HD-DC, but at a lesser extent in HIV-DC due to intrinsic NLRP3 defect. Conclusions: FLG by-passes NLRP3 defect in HIV-DC, through the activation of NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome, indicating possible future use of the bacterial component as an efficient adjuvant in immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edione Cristina Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences/ICB, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Nunes Cordeiro Leal
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences/ICB, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaíne Lima da Silva Soares
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences/ICB, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pereira Fernandes
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences/ICB, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dhêmerson Souza de Lima
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences/ICB, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cunha de Alencar
- Laboratory of Immune System Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences/ICB, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Pontillo
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences/ICB, University of São Paulo/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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IL-21 Expands HIV-1-Specific CD8 + T Memory Stem Cells to Suppress HIV-1 Replication In Vitro. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1801560. [PMID: 31183385 PMCID: PMC6515191 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1801560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the existence of viral reservoirs, the rebound of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viremia can occur within weeks after discontinuing combined antiretroviral therapy. Immunotherapy could potentially be applied to eradicate reactivated HIV-1 in latently infected CD4+ T lymphocytes. Although the existence of HIV-1-specific CD8+ T memory stem cells (TSCMs) is well established, there are currently no reports regarding methods using CD8+ TSCMs to treat HIV-1 infection. In this study, we quantified peripheral blood antigen-specific CD8+ TSCMs and then expanded HIV-1-specific TSCMs that targeted optimal antigen epitopes (SL9, IL9, and TL9) in the presence of interleukin- (IL-) 21 or IL-15. The suppressive capacity of the expanded CD8+ TSCMs on HIV-1 production was measured by assessing cell-associated viral RNA and performing viral outgrowth assays. We found that the number of unmutated TL9-specific CD8+ TSCMs positively correlated with the abundance of CD4+ T cells and that the expression of IFN-γ was higher in TL9-specific CD8+ TSCMs than that in non-TL9-specific CD8+ TSCMs. Moreover, the antiviral capacities of IL-21-stimulated CD8+ TSCMs exceeded those of conventional CD8+ memory T cells and IL-15-stimulated CD8+ TSCMs. Thus, we demonstrated that IL-21 could efficiently expand HIV-1-specific CD8+ TSCMs to suppress HIV-1 replication. Our study provides new insight into the function of IL-21 in the in vitro suppression of HIV-1 replication.
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SAHA SHUBHANKAR, ROY PRITIKUMAR, SMITH? ROBERT. MODELING MONOCYTE-DERIVED DENDRITIC CELLS AS A THERAPEUTIC VACCINE AGAINST HIV. J BIOL SYST 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339018500262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Successful immunologic control of HIV infection can be achieved in long-term non-progressors or HIV-1 controllers. Dendritic cells (DCs) are required for specific antigen presentation to naïve T lymphocytes and for antiviral, type I interferon secretion. To understand this mechanism, we develop a mathematical model that describes the role of direct presentation (replicating virus-infected DCs or other [Formula: see text] T cells directly) and cross presentation (DCs obtain antigen processed in other infected cells such as [Formula: see text] T lymphocytes) during HIV-1 infection. We find equilibria and determine stability in the case of no vaccination, and then, when vaccination is taken, we determine analytical thresholds for the strength and frequency of the vaccine to ensure the disease-free equilibrium remains stable. Our theoretical results suggest that the restoration of DC numbers may be predictive of immune restoration and may be a goal for immunotherapy to enhance viral control in a larger proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- SHUBHANKAR SAHA
- Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - PRITI KUMAR ROY
- Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - ROBERT SMITH?
- Department of Mathematics and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Ottawa, 585 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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da Silva LT, Santillo BT, de Almeida A, Duarte AJDS, Oshiro TM. Using Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy to Treat HIV: How Can This Strategy be Improved? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2993. [PMID: 30619346 PMCID: PMC6305438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing dendritic cells (DC) to treat HIV infection is considered a key strategy to improve anti-HIV treatment and promote the discovery of functional or sterilizing cures. Although this strategy represents a promising approach, the results of currently published trials suggest that opportunities to optimize its performance still exist. In addition to the genetic and clinical characteristics of patients, the efficacy of DC-based immunotherapy depends on the quality of the vaccine product, which is composed of precursor-derived DC and an antigen for pulsing. Here, we focus on some factors that can interfere with vaccine production and should thus be considered to improve DC-based immunotherapy for HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Teodoro da Silva
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Tereso Santillo
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Almeida
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Jose da Silva Duarte
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Telma Miyuki Oshiro
- Laboratorio de Investigacao em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thomas J, Ruggiero A, Procopio FA, Pantaleo G, Paxton WA, Pollakis G. Comparative analysis and generation of a robust HIV-1 DNA quantification assay. J Virol Methods 2018; 263:24-31. [PMID: 30326210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection cannot be cured due to the presence of the latent reservoir (LR). Novel cure or treatment strategies, such as "shock and kill" or therapeutic vaccination, aim to reduce or eradicate the LR. Cure strategies utilise robust DNA quantification assays to measure the change in the LR in low copy scenarios. No standard assay exists, which impedes the reliable comparison of results from different therapy and vaccine trials and HIV-1 total DNA quantification methods have not been previously compared. The HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) has been shown to be the best target for DNA quantification. We have analysed two HIV-1 quantification assays, both able to differentiate between the variant HIV-1 DNA forms via the use of pre-amplification and primers targeting LTR. We identify a strong correlation (r=0.9759, P<0.0001) between assays which is conserved in low copy samples (r=0.8220, P<0.0001) indicating that these assays may be used interchangeably. The RvS assay performed significantly (P=0.0021) better than the CV assay when quantifying HIV-1 total DNA in patient CD4+ T lymphocytes. Sequence analysis demonstrated that viral diversity can limit DNA quantification, however in silico analysis of the primers indicated that within the target region nucleotide miss-matches appear infrequently. Further in silico analysis using up to-date sequence information led to the improvement of primers and enabled us to establish a more broadly specific assay with significantly higher HIV-1 DNA quantification capacity in patient samples (p=0.0057, n=17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Thomas
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology (CIMI), Institute of Infection and Global Health (IGH), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology (CIMI), Institute of Infection and Global Health (IGH), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco A Procopio
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William A Paxton
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology (CIMI), Institute of Infection and Global Health (IGH), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Pollakis
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology (CIMI), Institute of Infection and Global Health (IGH), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Bazhin AV, von Ahn K, Fritz J, Werner J, Karakhanova S. Interferon-α Up-Regulates the Expression of PD-L1 Molecules on Immune Cells Through STAT3 and p38 Signaling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2129. [PMID: 30356906 PMCID: PMC6190899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-α (IFNα) has one of the longest histories of use amongst cytokines in clinical oncology and has been applied for the treatment of many types of cancers. Due to its immune-activating properties, IFNα is also an attractive candidate for combinatory anti-cancer therapies. Despite its extensive use in animal tumor models as well as in several clinical trials, the different mechanisms underlying patient responses and affecting desirable clinical benefits are still under investigation. Here we show that in addition to its immune-activating properties, IFNα induces the expression of a key negative regulator, immunosuppressive PD-L1 molecule, in the majority of the specific immune cell populations, particularly in the dendritic cells (DC). DC can modulate immune responses by a variety of mechanisms, including expression of T-cell regulatory molecules and cytokines. Our results showed that treatment of DC with IFNα-2b led to pronounced up-regulation of surface expression of PD-L1 molecules, increased IL-6 and decreased IL-12 production. Moreover, we present evidence that IFNα-treated DC exhibited a reduced capacity to stimulate interferon-γ production in T cells compared to control DC. This T-cell response after treatment of DC with IFNα was recovered by a pre-treatment with an anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody. Further analyses revealed that IFNα regulated PD-L1 expression through the STAT3 and p38 signaling pathways, since blocking of STAT3 and p38 activation with specific inhibitors prevented PD-L1 up-regulation. Our findings underline the important roles of p38 and STAT3 in the regulation of PD-L1 expression and prove that IFNα induces STAT3/p38-mediated expression of PD-L1 and thereby a reduced stimulatory ability of DC. The augmentation of PD-L1 expression in immune cells through IFNα treatment should be considered by use of IFNα in an anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina von Ahn
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Fritz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Svetlana Karakhanova
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Section Surgical Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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42
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A 30-year journey of trial and error towards a tolerogenic AIDS vaccine. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2025-2031. [PMID: 30043201 PMCID: PMC6096718 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since 1985, we have tested several immunological approaches to suppressing HIV replication in HIV-infected patients and to prevent HIV acquisition in uninfected people. Here, after briefly reviewing our studies on immunosuppressive treatments and therapeutic dendritic cell-based therapies, we examine in more detail our work on the tolerogenic vaccines we developed against AIDS in Chinese macaques. The vaccine consisted of inactivated SIVmac239 particles adjuvanted with the Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin (BCG), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), or Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR). Without adjuvant, the vaccine administered by the intragastric route induced the usual simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific humoral immune responses but no post-challenge protection. In contrast, out of 24 macaques that were immunized with the adjuvanted vaccine and challenged intrarectally with SIVmac239 or SIVB670, 23 were sterilely protected for up to 5 years, while all control macaques were infected. On the other hand, all macaques of Indian origin that were immunized with the same adjuvanted vaccine were not protected. We then discovered that vaccinated Chinese macaques developed a previously unrecognized class of non-cytolytic MHC-Ib/E-restricted CD8+ T cells (or CD8+ T-Regs) that suppressed the activation of SIV RNA-infected CD4+ T cells and thereby inhibited the (activation-dependent) reverse transcription of the virus and prevented the establishment of SIV infection. Finally, we found a similar population of HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T-Regs in human elite controllers (a small group of HIV-infected patients whose viral replication is naturally inhibited). Ex vivo, their CD8+ T-Regs suppressed viral replication in the same manner as those of vaccinated Chinese macaques. It is noteworthy that all of these elite controllers had a homo- or heterozygous HLA-Bw4-80I genotype. Taking into account the longevity and the high percentage of vaccine-protected Chinese macaques together with the concomitant identification of a robust ex vivo correlate of protection and the discovery of similar CD8+ T-Regs in human elite controllers, preventive and therapeutic HIV vaccines should be envisaged in humans.
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Reis EC, da Silva LT, da Silva WC, Rios A, Duarte AJ, Oshiro TM, Crovella S, Pontillo A. Host genetics contributes to the effectiveness of dendritic cell-based HIV immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1995-2002. [PMID: 29641325 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1463942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biological analysis has recently revealed how innate immune variants as well as gut microbiota impact the individual response to immunization. HIV-infected (HIV+) patients have a worse response rate after standard vaccinations, possibly due to the immune exhaustion, increased gut permeability and microbial translocation. In the last decade, dendritic cells (DC)-based immunotherapy has been proposed as an alternative approach to control HIV plasma viral load, however clinical trials showed a heterogeneity of immunization response. Hypothesizing that host genetics may importantly affects the outcome of immunotherapy in HIV+ patients, genetic polymorphisms' distribution and gene expression modulation were analyzed in a phase I/II clinical trial of DC-based immunotherapy according to immunization response, and quality of vaccine product (DC). Polymorphisms in genes previously associated with progression of HIV infection to AIDS (i.e.: PARD3B, CCL5) contribute to a better response to immunotherapy in HIV+ individuals, possibly through a systemic effect on host immune system, but also directly on vaccine product. Genes expression profile after immunization correlates with different degrees of immune chronic activation/exhaustion of HIV+ patients (i.e. PD1, IL7RA, EOMES), but also with anti-viral response and DC quality (i.e.: APOBEC3G, IL8, PPIA), suggested that an immunocompetent individual would have a better vaccine response. These findings showed once more that host genetics can affect the response to DC-based immunotherapy in HIV+ individuals, contributing to the heterogeneity of response observed in concluded trials; and it can be used as predictor of immunization success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edione C Reis
- a Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Imunologia , Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas/ICB, Universidade de São Paulo/USP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Lais T da Silva
- b Laboratório de Investigação Médica LIM-56, Departamento de Dermatologia , Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo/USP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Wanessa C da Silva
- b Laboratório de Investigação Médica LIM-56, Departamento de Dermatologia , Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo/USP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rios
- a Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Imunologia , Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas/ICB, Universidade de São Paulo/USP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Alberto J Duarte
- b Laboratório de Investigação Médica LIM-56, Departamento de Dermatologia , Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo/USP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Telma M Oshiro
- b Laboratório de Investigação Médica LIM-56, Departamento de Dermatologia , Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo/USP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- c Departamento de Genética , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Alessandra Pontillo
- a Laboratório de Imunogenética, Departamento de Imunologia , Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas/ICB, Universidade de São Paulo/USP , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
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44
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Jagtap R, Sakate S, Pardeshi S. Selective N-acetylation with concurrent S-oxidation of o -amino thiol at ambient conditions over Ce doped ZnO composite nanocrystallites. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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45
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Manches O, Muniz LR, Bhardwaj N. Dendritic Cell Biology. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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46
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Gay CL, DeBenedette MA, Tcherepanova IY, Gamble A, Lewis WE, Cope AB, Kuruc JD, McGee KS, Kearney MF, Coffin JM, Archin NM, Hicks CB, Eron JJ, Nicolette CA, Margolis DM. Immunogenicity of AGS-004 Dendritic Cell Therapy in Patients Treated During Acute HIV Infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018. [PMID: 28636433 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AGS-004 consists of matured autologous dendritic cells co-electroporated with in vitro transcribed RNA encoding autologous HIV antigens. In an open-label, single arm sub-study of AGS-004-003, AGS-004 was administered monthly to suppressed participants who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute HIV infection. HIV-1 specific T cell responses were measured by multicolor flow cytometry after 3-4 doses. The frequency of resting CD4+ T-cell infection (RCI) was measured by quantitative viral outgrowth assay. Participants demonstrating increased immune response postvaccination were eligible for analytic treatment interruption (ATI). AGS-004 induced a positive immune response defined as ≥2-fold increase from baseline in the number of multifunctional HIV-1 specific CD28+/CD45RA- CD8+ effector/memory cytoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) in all six participants. All participants underwent ATI with rebound viremia at a median of 29 days. Immune correlates between time to viral rebound and the induction of effector CTLs were determined. Baseline RCI was low in most participants (0.043-0.767 IUPM). One participant had a >2-fold decrease (0.179-0.067 infectious units per million [IUPM]) in RCI at week 10. One participant with the lowest RCI had the longest ATI. AGS-004 dendritic cell administration increased multifunctional HIV-specific CD28+/CD45RA- CD8+ memory T cell responses in all participants, but did not permit sustained ART interruption. However, greater expansion of CD28-/CCR7-/CD45RA- CD8+ effector T cell responses correlated with a longer time to viral rebound. AGS-004 may be a useful tool to augment immune responses in the setting of latency reversal and eradication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Gay
- University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna B. Cope
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - JoAnn D. Kuruc
- University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Nancie M. Archin
- University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Joseph J. Eron
- University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - David M. Margolis
- University of North Carolina HIV Cure Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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47
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Moura Rodrigues R, Plana M, Garcia F, Zupin L, Kuhn L, Crovella S. Genome-wide scan in two groups of HIV-infected patients treated with dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. Immunol Res 2017; 64:1207-1215. [PMID: 27704462 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We performed a retrospective genome-wide association study in HIV-infected individuals who were treated with dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in clinical trials performed by two research groups (Spain and Brazil). We aimed to identify host genetic variants influencing treatment response. The Illumina Human Core Exome 12 v 1.0 Bead Chip with over 250,000 markers was used to analyze genetic factors affecting treatment response. Additionally, we performed a meta-analysis of the results obtained from Spanish and Brazilian patients. We identified a genetic variation (rs7935564 G allele) in TRIM22 gene, which encodes TRIM22 protein acting like a HIV restriction factor, as being associated with good response to dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. We then verified the impact of TRIM22 rs7935564 SNP in susceptibility to HIV infection and disease progression by assessing the influence of biogeographic ancestry in the distribution of allelic and genotype frequencies in three populations from Italy, Brazil and Zambia. TRIM22 rs7935564 genotyping indicated association of G rs7935564 allele with long-term non-progression of HIV disease in Italian patients, thus corroborating our hypothesis that it is involved as a restriction factor in dendritic cell-based immunotherapy response. TRIM22 rs7935564 polymorphism was associated with good response to dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. We hypothesize that in selecting patients for treatment, there is a possible bias related to the natural presence of restriction factors that are genetically determined and could influence final outcome of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Moura Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Azami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Monserrat Plana
- Retrovirology and Cellular Immunopathology Laboratory, AIDS Research Group, Catalan Project for the Development of an HIV Vaccine (HIVACAT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe Garcia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, AIDS Research Group, Catalan Project for the Development of an HIV Vaccine (HIVACAT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, Zip code: 34137, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences,, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Louise Kuhn
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, Zip code: 34137, Trieste, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences,, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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48
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Abstract
Safe and efficacious vaccines are arguably the most successful medical interventions of all time. Yet the ongoing discovery of new pathogens, along with emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and a burgeoning population at risk of such infections, imposes unprecedented public health challenges. To meet these challenges, innovative strategies to discover and develop new or improved anti-infective vaccines are necessary. These approaches must intersect the most meaningful insights into protective immunity and advanced technologies with capabilities to deliver immunogens for optimal immune protection. This goal is considered through several recent advances in host-pathogen relationships, conceptual strides in vaccinology, and emerging technologies. Given a clear and growing risk of pandemic disease should the threat of infection go unmet, developing vaccines that optimize protective immunity against high-priority and antibiotic-resistant pathogens represents an urgent and unifying imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Yeaman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90024.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509; .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502
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Chistiakov DA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. An immunoregulatory role of dendritic cell-derived exosomes versus HIV-1 infection: take it easy but be warned. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:362. [PMID: 28936456 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.06.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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Ma CKK, Clancy L, Simms R, Burgess J, Deo S, Blyth E, Micklethwaite KP, Gottlieb DJ. Adjuvant Peptide Pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Addition to T Cell Adoptive Immunotherapy for Cytomegalovirus Infection in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 24:71-77. [PMID: 28864137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular immunotherapy has been shown to be effective in the management of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and disease. Whether adjuvant dendritic cell (DC) vaccination will provide additional benefit in prophylaxis or treatment of CMV in hematoietic cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients is unknown. In this study, we administered prophylactic CMV-peptide specific T cell infusions, followed by 2 doses of intradermal CMV peptide-pulsed DC vaccine, to 4 HSCT recipients. There were no immediate adverse events associated with T cell infusion or DC vaccinations. One of the 4 patients developed grade III acute gut graft-versus-host disease. Immune reconstitution against CMV was detected in all 4 patients. Patients receiving CMV peptide-specific T cells and DC vaccination had peak immune reconstitution at least 10 days after the second DC vaccination. In summary, combining DC vaccine with T cell infusion appears feasible, although further study is required to ascertain its safety and efficacy in augmenting the effects of infusing donor-derived CMV-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun K K Ma
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leighton Clancy
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee Simms
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jane Burgess
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shivashni Deo
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Blyth
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kenneth P Micklethwaite
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - David J Gottlieb
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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