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Spoerl S, Erber R, Gerken M, Taxis J, Ludwig N, Nieberle F, Biermann N, Geppert CI, Ettl T, Hartmann A, Beckhove P, Reichert TE, Spanier G, Spoerl S. A20 as a Potential New Tool in Predicting Recurrence and Patient's Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030675. [PMID: 36765630 PMCID: PMC9913673 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A20, known as a potent inhibitor of NF-κB signaling, has been characterized in numerous clinical as well as preclinical studies. Recently, especially in various malignant diseases, the prognostic and therapeutic relevance of A20 was investigated. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) however, the characterization of A20 is uncharted territory. We analyzed a tissue microarray (TMA) of 229 surgically-treated OSCC patients (2003-2013). Immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings were performed for A20 and CD3; additionally, standard haematoxylin-eosin staining was applied. IHC findings were correlated with a comprehensive dataset, comprising clinical and pathohistological information. A20 expression was analyzed in tumor cells as well as in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and correlated with the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) using uni- and multivariable Cox regression. The median follow-up time was 10.9 years and the A20 expression was significantly decreased in CD3+ TILs compared to mucosa-infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs). In the Kaplan-Meier analyses, higher A20 expression in TILs was correlated with better OS (p = 0.017) and RFS (p = 0.020). In the multivariable survival analysis, A20 overexpression correlated with improved OS (HR: 0.582; 95% CI 0.388-0.873, p = 0.009) and RFS (HR 0.605; 95% CI 0.411-0.889, p = 0.011). Our results indicate a novel prognostic role for A20 in OSCC. Due to its elevated expression in TILs, further research is highly desirable, which therefore could offer new therapeutic opportunities for patients suffering from OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Spoerl
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-6340; Fax: +49-941-944-6342
| | - Ramona Erber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Gerken
- Tumor Center, Institute for Quality Management and Health Services Research, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Taxis
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nils Ludwig
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Nieberle
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Biermann
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carol Immanuel Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten E. Reichert
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Spoerl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5—Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Investigation of the Molecular Evolution of Treg Suppression Mechanisms Indicates a Convergent Origin. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:628-648. [PMID: 36661528 PMCID: PMC9857879 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) suppression of conventional T cells is a central mechanism that ensures immune system homeostasis. The exact time point of Treg emergence is still disputed. Furthermore, the time of Treg-mediated suppression mechanisms’ emergence has not been identified. It is not yet known whether Treg suppression mechanisms diverged from a single pathway or converged from several sources. We investigated the evolutionary history of Treg suppression pathways using various phylogenetic analysis tools. To ensure the conservation of function for investigated proteins, we augmented our study using nonhomology-based methods to predict protein functions among various investigated species and mined the literature for experimental evidence of functional convergence. Our results indicate that a minority of Treg suppressor mechanisms could be homologs of ancient conserved pathways. For example, CD73, an enzymatic pathway known to play an essential role in invertebrates, is highly conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates, with no evidence of positive selection (w = 0.48, p-value < 0.00001). Our findings indicate that Tregs utilize homologs of proteins that diverged in early vertebrates. However, our findings do not exclude the possibility of a more evolutionary pattern following the duplication degeneration−complementation (DDC) model. Ancestral sequence reconstruction showed that Treg suppression mechanism proteins do not belong to one family; rather, their emergence seems to follow a convergent evolutionary pattern.
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3
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Mulherkar TH, Gómez DJ, Sandel G, Jain P. Co-Infection and Cancer: Host–Pathogen Interaction between Dendritic Cells and HIV-1, HTLV-1, and Other Oncogenic Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092037. [PMID: 36146843 PMCID: PMC9503663 DOI: 10.3390/v14092037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) function as a link between innate and adaptive immune responses. Retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1 modulate DCs to their advantage and utilize them to propagate infection. Coinfection of HTLV-1 and HIV-1 has implications for cancer malignancies. Both viruses initially infect DCs and propagate the infection to CD4+ T cells through cell-to-cell transmission using mechanisms including the formation of virologic synapses, viral biofilms, and conduits. These retroviruses are both neurotrophic with neurovirulence determinants. The neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 results in neurodegenerative diseases such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Infected DCs are known to traffic to the brain (CNS) and periphery (PNS, lymphatics) to induce neurodegeneration in HAND and HAM/TSP patients. Elevated levels of neuroinflammation have been correlated with cognitive decline and impairment of motor control performance. Current vaccinations and therapeutics for HIV-1 and HTLV-1 are assessed and can be applied to patients with HIV-1-associated cancers and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). These diseases caused by co-infections can result in both neurodegeneration and cancer. There are associations with cancer malignancies and HIV-1 and HTLV-1 as well as other human oncogenic viruses (EBV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HPV). This review contains current knowledge on DC sensing of HIV-1 and HTLV-1 including DC-SIGN, Tat, Tax, and current viral therapies. An overview of DC interaction with oncogenic viruses including EBV, Hepatitis viruses, and HPV is also provided. Vaccines and therapeutics targeting host–pathogen interactions can provide a solution to co-infections, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania H. Mulherkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Daniel Joseph Gómez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd, Hayward, CA 94542, USA
| | - Grace Sandel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Correspondence:
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4
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Zhang Z, Yao S, Hu Y, Zhao X, Lee RJ. Application of lipid-based nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967505. [PMID: 36003395 PMCID: PMC9393708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the clinical management of patients with different cancer types by sensitizing autologous or allogenic immune cells to the tumor microenvironment which eventually leads to tumor cell lysis without rapidly killing normal cells. Although immunotherapy has been widely demonstrated to be superior to chemotherapies, only a few populations of patients with specific cancer types respond to such treatment due to the failure of systemic immune activation. In addition, severe immune-related adverse events are rapidly observed when patients with very few responses are given higher doses of such therapies. Recent advances of lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) development have made it possible to deliver not only small molecules but also mRNAs to achieve systemic anticancer immunity through cytotoxic immune cell activation, checkpoint blockade, and chimeric antigen receptor cell therapies, etc. This review summarized recent development and applications of LNPs in anticancer immunotherapy. The diversity of lipid-based NPs would encapsulate payloads with different structures and molecular weights to achieve optimal antitumor immunity through multiple mechanisms of action. The discussion about the components of lipid-based NPs and their immunologic payloads in this review hopefully shed more light on the future direction of anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkun Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Siyu Yao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yingwen Hu
- The Whiteoak Group, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Xiaobin Zhao
- The Whiteoak Group, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert J. Lee,
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5
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Wu X, Wen M, Zou Y, Gao X, Wei C, Liu R, Li J, Wang L, Li X, Liu YN, Chen W. Cold-catalytic antitumor immunity with pyroelectric black phosphorus nanosheets. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6842-6851. [PMID: 35774154 PMCID: PMC9200116 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01894b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic nanomedicine with the innate features of catalysts brings incomparable properties to biomedicine over traditional drugs. The temperature-dependent activity of catalysts provides catalytic nanomedicines with a facile strategy to control their therapeutic performance. Tuning catalytic nanomedicine by cold treatment (4-37 °C) is safe and desired for practical applications, but there is a lack of cold-catalytic platforms. Herein, with black phosphorus (BP) as a model pyroelectric nanocatalyst, we explored the potential of cold-catalysts for antitumor therapy. BP nanosheets with pyro-catalytic activity catalyze the generation of oxidative stress to activate antitumor immunity under cold treatment. Due to the cold-catalytic immunomodulation, immune memory was successfully achieved to prevent tumor metastasis and recurrence. Considering the safety and conductive depth (>10 mm) of cold in the body, pyroelectric nanocatalysts open up exciting opportunities for the development of cold-catalytic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Mei Wen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Yuyan Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Chuanwan Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Renyu Liu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Long Wang
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Xilong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
| | - Wansong Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China
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6
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Saleh AA, Shehata WA, Abd-Elhafiz HI, Soliman SE. Potential impact of TNFAIP3 rs6920220 and DEFB1 rs1800972 gene polymorphisms on vitiligo in Egyptian patients. Meta Gene 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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7
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Mao X, Xu J, Wang W, Liang C, Hua J, Liu J, Zhang B, Meng Q, Yu X, Shi S. Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment: new findings and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:131. [PMID: 34635121 PMCID: PMC8504100 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 796] [Impact Index Per Article: 265.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Through multiple pathways, activated CAFs can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, along with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and even chemoresistance. Numerous previous studies have confirmed the critical role of the interaction between CAFs and tumor cells in tumorigenesis and development. However, recently, the mutual effects of CAFs and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have been identified as another key factor in promoting tumor progression. The TIME mainly consists of distinct immune cell populations in tumor islets and is highly associated with the antitumor immunological state in the TME. CAFs interact with tumor-infiltrating immune cells as well as other immune components within the TIME via the secretion of various cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, exosomes and other effector molecules, consequently shaping an immunosuppressive TME that enables cancer cells to evade surveillance of the immune system. In-depth studies of CAFs and immune microenvironment interactions, particularly the complicated mechanisms connecting CAFs with immune cells, might provide novel strategies for subsequent targeted immunotherapies. Herein, we shed light on recent advances regarding the direct and indirect crosstalk between CAFs and infiltrating immune cells and further summarize the possible immunoinhibitory mechanisms induced by CAFs in the TME. In addition, we present current related CAF-targeting immunotherapies and briefly describe some future perspectives on CAF research in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Mao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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8
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Deshayes S, Bazille C, El Khouri E, Kone-Paut I, Giurgea I, Georgin-Lavialle S, Martin Silva N, Dumont A, Ollivier I, Amselem S, de Boysson H, Aouba A. Chronic hepatic involvement in the clinical spectrum of A20 haploinsufficiency. Liver Int 2021; 41:1894-1900. [PMID: 33966343 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Secondary to tumour necrosis factor-alpha induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) mutations, A20 haploinsufficiency (HA20) is a recently described autoinflammatory disease with clinical features similar to those of Behçet's and Crohn's diseases but with a constantly expanding clinical spectrum. Here, we describe HA20 liver involvement in three new patients from the same family. METHODS We retrospectively assessed clinical, biological and/or histological findings for eight patients over three generations of the same family with heterozygous mutations in the TNFAIP3 gene (c.259C > T, p.Arg87*). RESULTS The eight patients exhibited the following: aphthous ulcers (8/8, bipolar in 7), autoimmune features (6/8, including 5 with definitive autoimmune disease diagnoses, ie, type I diabetes, Hashimoto thyroiditis, pernicious anaemia, and/or 5 with antinuclear antibodies ≥320), pustulosis/folliculitis (5/8), abdominal pain (4/8), arthralgia (3/8), enlarged cervical lymph nodes (3/8) and pericarditis (1/8). In addition, three patients (twin sisters and their grandmother aged 23 and 70 years, respectively) exhibited persistent mild hepatic cytolysis associated with splenomegaly (n = 3), hepatomegaly (n = 1) and/or liver atrophy (n = 1) on echography. We could not detect any other causes of chronic liver diseases. Liver biopsies from three patients displayed hepatic fibrosis, hepatocyte injury and/or CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration, and patterns of inflammatory cells and NLRP3 or NF-κB immunostaining differed from the predominant neutrophil infiltration observed in skin or some digestive tract biopsies. CONCLUSIONS This study reinforces the dual involvement of innate and adaptive immunity in HA20 according to both acute and chronic injury and the organ involved and widens its clinical spectrum to include chronic hepatic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Deshayes
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Céline Bazille
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Elma El Khouri
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Kone-Paut
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, University of Paris Sud Saclay, CEREMAIA, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Irina Giurgea
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University, CEREMAIA, Paris, France
| | | | - Anaël Dumont
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Ollivier
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Serge Amselem
- Department of Genetics, Sorbonne Université, UPMC University, Paris, France
| | - Hubert de Boysson
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Achille Aouba
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
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9
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Simultaneous transduction of dendritic cells with A20 and BTLA genes stimulates the development of stable and efficient tolerogenic dendritic cells and induces regulatory T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107966. [PMID: 34315113 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the potential of simultaneous overexpression of A20 and B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) genes in dendritic cells (DCs) to develop a tolerogenic phenotype in DCs and investigate their capabilities for induction of immunosuppression. METHODS Plasmid vectors were designed harboring A20, BTLA, and A20 + BTLA genes and were transfected to HEK 293T cells to produce lentiviruses. DCs were transduced by the gene carrying viruses and evaluated for the surface expression of MHCII, CD40, and CD86 molecules by flow-cytometry. The mRNA expression of A20, BTLA, and CCR7 were determined. Mixed-lymphocyte reaction was conducted to evaluate the T cell stimulation potency and ELISA was used to measure the production of IL-10, TGF-β, and TNF-α. The potential of DCs for migration to lymph nodes and Treg induction were assessed by in vivo experiments. RESULTS Transduction of DCs resulted in significantly decreased surface expression of CD40 and CD86 co-stimulators and upregulated A20, BTLA, and CCR7 mRNA expression. The IL-10 and TGF-β levels were enhanced significantly in the supernatant of LPS-treated DCs transduced with A20 + BTLA-containing virus group relative to the DCs transduced with pCDH vectors. DCs transduced with A20 + BTLA harboring vectors had higher migratory potential to mouse lymph nodes and caused the development of higher numbers of Treg cells compared with the DCs transduced with pCDH vectors. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous overexpression of A20 and BTLA genes in DCs caused development of tolerogenic DCs with a promoted potential in induction of Treg cells, accompanied by remarkable stability after inflammatory stimulation. All these offer a promising potential of such DCs in treating autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
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10
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Kang JH, Lee HJ, Kim OH, Yun YJ, Seo YJ, Lee HJ. Biomechanical forces enhance directed migration and activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12106. [PMID: 34103554 PMCID: PMC8187447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are pervasive in the inflammatory site where dendritic cells (DCs) are activated to migrate into draining lymph nodes. For example, fluid shear stress modulates the movement patterns of DCs, including directness and forward migration indices (FMIs), without chemokine effects. However, little is known about the effects of biomechanical forces on the activation of DCs. Accordingly, here we fabricated a microfluidics system to assess how biomechanical forces affect the migration and activity of DCs during inflammation. Based on the structure of edema, we proposed and experimentally analyzed a novel concept for a microchip model that mimicked such vascular architecture. The intensity of shear stress generated in our engineered chip was found as 0.2–0.6 dyne/cm2 by computational simulation; this value corresponded to inflammation in tissues. In this platform, the directness and FMIs of DCs were significantly increased, whereas the migration velocity of DCs was not altered by shear stress, indicating that mechanical stimuli influenced DC migration. Moreover, DCs with shear stress showed increased expression of the DC activation markers MHC class I and CD86 compared with DCs under static conditions. Taken together, these data suggest that the biomechanical forces are important to regulate the migration and activity of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hun Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ju Yun
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Clinical Significance of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Association with Hormone Receptor Expression Patterns in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115714. [PMID: 34071938 PMCID: PMC8198528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone receptor expression patterns often correlate with infiltration of specific lymphocytes in tumors. Specifically, the presence of specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with particular hormone receptor expression is reportedly associated with breast cancer, however, this has not been revealed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Therefore, we investigated the association between hormone receptor expression and TILs in EOC. Here we found that ERα, AR, and GR expression increased in EOC, while PR was significantly reduced and ERβ expression showed a reduced trend compared to normal epithelium. Cluster analysis indicated poor disease-free survival (DFS) in AR+/GR+/PR+ subgroup (triple dominant group); while the Cox proportional-hazards model highlighted the triple dominant group as an independent prognostic factor for DFS. In addition, significant upregulation of FoxP3+ TILs, PD-1, and PD-L1 was observed in the triple dominant group compared to other groups. NanoString analyses further suggested that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and/or NF-κB signaling pathways were activated with significant upregulation of RELA, MAP3K5, TNFAIP3, BCL2L1, RIPK1, TRAF2, PARP1, and AKT1 in the triple dominant EOC group. The triple dominant subgroup correlates with poor prognosis in EOC. Moreover, the TNF and/or NF-κB signaling pathways may be responsible for hormone-mediated inhibition of the immune microenvironment.
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12
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Shi Y, Wang X, Wang J, Wang X, Zhou H, Zhang L. The dual roles of A20 in cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 511:26-35. [PMID: 33933552 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A20 is a prototypical anti-inflammatory molecule that is linked to multiple human diseases, including cancers. The role of A20 as a tumor suppressor was first discovered in B cell lymphomas. Subsequent studies revealed the dual roles of A20 in solid cancers. This review focuses on the roles of A20 in different cancer types to demonstrate that the effects of A20 are cancer type-dependent. A20 plays antitumor roles in colorectal carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas, whereas A20 acts as an oncogene in breast cancers, gastric cancers and melanomas. Moreover, the roles of A20 in the setting of glioma therapy are context-dependent. The action mechanisms of A20 in different types of cancer are summarized. Additionally, the role of A20 in antitumor immunity is discussed. Furthermore, some open questions in this rapidly advancing field are proposed. Exploration of the actions and molecular mechanisms of A20 in cancer paves the way for the application of A20-targeting approaches in future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Shi
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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13
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Zhou X, Sun SC. Targeting ubiquitin signaling for cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:16. [PMID: 33436547 PMCID: PMC7804490 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become an attractive approach of cancer treatment with tremendous success in treating various advanced malignancies. The development and clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors represent one of the most extraordinary accomplishments in cancer immunotherapy. In addition, considerable progress is being made in understanding the mechanism of antitumor immunity and characterizing novel targets for developing additional therapeutic approaches. One active area of investigation is protein ubiquitination, a post-translational mechanism of protein modification that regulates the function of diverse immune cells in antitumor immunity. Accumulating studies suggest that E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases form a family of potential targets to be exploited for enhancing antitumor immunity in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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14
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Razani B, Malynn BA, Ma A. Preserving immune homeostasis with A20. Adv Immunol 2020; 148:1-48. [PMID: 33190732 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A20/TNFAIP3 is a TNF induced gene that plays a profound role in preserving cellular and organismal homeostasis (Lee, et al., 2000; Opipari etal., 1990). This protein has been linked to multiple human diseases via genetic, epigenetic, and an emerging series of patients with mono-allelic coding mutations. Diverse cellular functions of this pleiotropically expressed protein include immune-suppressive, anti-inflammatory, and cell protective functions. The A20 protein regulates ubiquitin dependent cell signals; however, the biochemical mechanisms by which it performs these functions is surprisingly complex. Deciphering these cellular and biochemical facets of A20 dependent biology should greatly improve our understanding of murine and human disease pathophysiology as well as unveil new mechanisms of cell and tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Razani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Barbara A Malynn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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15
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A20 promotes melanoma progression via the activation of Akt pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:794. [PMID: 32968045 PMCID: PMC7511359 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most life-threatening skin cancer with increasing incidence around the world. Although recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have brought revolutionary progress of the treatment outcome, the survival of patients with advanced melanoma remains unoptimistic, and metastatic melanoma is still an incurable disease. Therefore, to further understand the mechanism underlying melanoma pathogenesis could be helpful for developing novel therapeutic strategy. A20 is a crucial ubiquitin-editing enzyme implicated immunity regulation, inflammatory responses and cancer pathogenesis. Herein, we report that A20 played an oncogenic role in melanoma. We first found that the expression of A20 was significantly up-regulated in melanoma cell lines. Then, we showed that knockdown of A20 suppressed melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and melanoma growth in vivo through the regulation of cell-cycle progression. Moreover, A20 could potentiate the invasive and migratory capacities of melanoma cell in vitro and melanoma metastasis in vivo by promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, we found that Akt activation mediated the oncogenic effect of A20 on melanoma development, with the involvement of glycolysis. What’s more, the up-regulation of A20 conferred the acquired resistance to Vemurafenib in BRAF-mutant melanoma. Taken together, we demonstrated that up-regulated A20 promoted melanoma progression via the activation of Akt pathway, and that A20 could be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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16
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Sisto M, Ribatti D, Lisi S. Understanding the Complexity of Sjögren's Syndrome: Remarkable Progress in Elucidating NF-κB Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092821. [PMID: 32878252 PMCID: PMC7563658 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease with a poorly defined aetiology, which targets exocrine glands (particularly salivary and lachrymal glands), affecting the secretory function. Patients suffering from SS exhibit persistent xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. It is now widely acknowledged that a chronic grade of inflammation plays a central role in the initiation, progression, and development of SS. Consistent with its key role in organizing inflammatory responses, numerous recent studies have shown involvement of the transcription factor nuclear factor κ (kappa)-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in the development of this disease. Therefore, chronic inflammation is considered as a critical factor in the disease aetiology, offering hope for the development of new drugs for treatment. The purpose of this review is to describe the current knowledge about the NF-κB-mediated molecular events implicated in the pathogenesis of SS.
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17
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Liu J, Xu M, Yuan Z. Immunoscore Guided Cold Tumors to Acquire “Temperature” Through Integrating Physicochemical and Biological Methods. BIO INTEGRATION 2020. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Immunotherapy for the treatment of tumors has become the most compelling strategy after targeted treatment, especially for lung cancer and melanoma, as well as some blood cancers. For most remaining types of tumors (e.g., pancreatic, colorectal, and breast cancers),
abundant immunotherapeutic strategies in the forms of immune checkpoint blockade, cancer vaccines, and CAR-T therapies produce little effect. Furthermore, the immunoreactions induced by various types of cancer and even in individual patients, differ among the single therapeutic immune checkpoint
inhibitors, whose pre-existing immunoreaction remains to be optimized for cancer immunotherapy. According to the density of the infiltrating lymphocyte subsets at the invasive margin or core of primary solid tumors, the tumors were classified into four grades using the immunoscore, which is
complementary to the tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system in providing a better prognosis of cancer patients in addition to the classification of immunogenic hot tumors and non-immunogenic cold tumors. This review aimed to outline the features of the most difficult-to-treat and challenging
cold tumors and potential approaches to transform “cold” tumors into “hot” tumors, because hot tumors are associated with a higher response rate to immunotherapy. We also summarized the current popular strategies for enhancing T cell trafficking, which may be helpful
to provide an etiological basement for a more rational design of drug delivery systems and conquer drug-resistance during cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Mengze Xu
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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18
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Ray JP, de Boer CG, Fulco CP, Lareau CA, Kanai M, Ulirsch JC, Tewhey R, Ludwig LS, Reilly SK, Bergman DT, Engreitz JM, Issner R, Finucane HK, Lander ES, Regev A, Hacohen N. Prioritizing disease and trait causal variants at the TNFAIP3 locus using functional and genomic features. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1237. [PMID: 32144282 PMCID: PMC7060350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have associated thousands of genetic variants with complex traits and diseases, but pinpointing the causal variant(s) among those in tight linkage disequilibrium with each associated variant remains a major challenge. Here, we use seven experimental assays to characterize all common variants at the multiple disease-associated TNFAIP3 locus in five disease-relevant immune cell lines, based on a set of features related to regulatory potential. Trait/disease-associated variants are enriched among SNPs prioritized based on either: (1) residing within CRISPRi-sensitive regulatory regions, or (2) localizing in a chromatin accessible region while displaying allele-specific reporter activity. Of the 15 trait/disease-associated haplotypes at TNFAIP3, 9 have at least one variant meeting one or both of these criteria, 5 of which are further supported by genetic fine-mapping. Our work provides a comprehensive strategy to characterize genetic variation at important disease-associated loci, and aids in the effort to identify trait causal genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Ray
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Carl G de Boer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Charles P Fulco
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Caleb A Lareau
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jacob C Ulirsch
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ryan Tewhey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Leif S Ludwig
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Steven K Reilly
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Drew T Bergman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Robbyn Issner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Hilary K Finucane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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19
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Li H, Yu J, Wu Y, Shao B, Wei X. In situ antitumor vaccination: Targeting the tumor microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5490-5500. [PMID: 32030759 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is known to play important roles in tumor progression. Many therapies, targeting the tumor microenvironment, are designed and applied in the clinic. One of these approaches is in situ antitumor therapy. This way, bacteria, antibodies, plasmid DNA, viruses, and cells are intratumorally delivered into the tumor site as "in-situ antitumor vaccine," which seeks to enhance immunogenicity and generate systemic T cell responses. In addition, this intratumoral therapy can alter the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunostimulatory while limiting the risk of systemic exposure and associated toxicity. Contemporarily, promising preclinical results and some initial success in clinical trials have been obtained after intratumoral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Saferding V, Blüml S. Innate immunity as the trigger of systemic autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2019; 110:102382. [PMID: 31883831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system consists of a variety of elements controlling and participating in virtually all aspects of inflammation and immunity. It is crucial for host defense, but on the other hand its improper activation is also thought to be responsible for the generation of autoimmunity and therefore diseases such as autoimmune arthritides like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS) or inflammatory bowel disease. The innate immune system stands both at the beginning as well as the end of autoimmunity. On one hand, it regulates the activation of the adaptive immune system and the breach of self-tolerance, as antigen presenting cells (APCs), especially dendritic cells, are essential for the activation of naïve antigen specific T cells, a crucial step in the development of autoimmunity. Various factors controlling the function of dendritic cells have been identified that directly regulate lymphocyte homeostasis and in some instances the generation of organ specific autoimmunity. Moreover, microbial cues have been identified that are prerequisites for the generation of several specific autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, the innate immune system is also responsible for mediating the resulting organ damage underlying the clinical symptoms of a given autoimmune disease via production of proinflammatory cytokines that amplify local inflammation and further activate other immune or parenchymal cells in the vicinity, the generation of matrix degrading and proteolytic enzymes or reactive oxygen species directly causing tissue damage. In the last decades, molecular characterization of cell types and their subsets as well as both positive and negative regulators of immunity has led to the generation of various scenarios of how autoimmunity develops, which eventually might lead to the development of targeted interventions for autoimmune diseases. In this review, we try to summarize the elements that are contributing to the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.
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21
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A Novel Anti-PD-L1 Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunoprevention. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121909. [PMID: 31805690 PMCID: PMC6966557 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that play a critical role in activating cellular and humoral immune responses. DC-based tumor vaccines targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been extensively tested and demonstrated to be safe and potent in inducing anti-TAA immune responses in cancer patients. Sipuleucel-T (Provenge), a cancer vaccine of autologous DCs loaded with TAA, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Sipuleucel-T prolongs patient survival, but has little or no effect on clinical disease progression or biomarker kinetics. Due to the overall limited clinical efficacy of tumor vaccines, there is a need to enhance their potency. PD-L1 is a key immune checkpoint molecule and is frequently overexpressed on tumor cells to evade antitumor immune destruction. Repeated administrations of PD-L1 or PD-1 antibodies have induced sustained tumor regression in a fraction of cancer patients. In this study, we tested whether vaccinations with DCs, loaded with a PD-L1 immunogen (PDL1-Vax), are able to induce anti-PD-L1 immune responses. We found that DCs loaded with PDL1-Vax induced anti-PD-L1 antibody and T cell responses in immunized mice and that PD-L1-specific CTLs had cytolytic activities against PD-L1+ tumor cells. We demonstrated that vaccination with PDL1-Vax DCs potently inhibited the growth of PD-L1+ tumor cells. In summary, this study demonstrates for the first time the principle and feasibility of DC vaccination (PDL1-Vax) to actively induce anti-PD-L1 antibody and T cell responses capable of inhibiting PD-L1+ tumor growth. This novel anti-PD-L1 vaccination strategy could be used for cancer treatment and prevention.
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22
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Han P, Hanlon D, Sobolev O, Chaudhury R, Edelson RL. Ex vivo dendritic cell generation-A critical comparison of current approaches. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 349:251-307. [PMID: 31759433 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, required for the initiation of naïve and memory T cell responses and regulation of adaptive immunity. The discovery of DCs in 1973, which culminated in the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2011 for Ralph Steinman and colleagues, initially focused on the identification of adherent mononuclear cell fractions with uniquely stellate dendritic morphology, followed by key discoveries of their critical immunologic role in initiating and maintaining antigen-specific immunity and tolerance. The medical promise of marshaling these key capabilities of DCs for therapeutic modulation of antigen-specific immune responses has guided decades of research in hopes to achieve genuine physiologic partnership with the immune system. The potential uses of DCs in immunotherapeutic applications include cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune disorders; thus, methods for rapid and reliable large-scale production of DCs have been of great academic and clinical interest. However, difficulties in obtaining DCs from lymphoid and peripheral tissues, low numbers and poor survival in culture, have led to advancements in ex vivo production of DCs, both for probing molecular details of DC function as well as for experimenting with their clinical utility. Here, we review the development of a diverse array of DC production methodologies, ranging from cytokine-based strategies to genetic engineering tools devised for enhancing DC-specific immunologic functions. Further, we explore the current state of DC therapies in clinic, as well as emerging insights into physiologic production of DCs inspired by existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Han
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Douglas Hanlon
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Olga Sobolev
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rabib Chaudhury
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Richard L Edelson
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
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23
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Zammit NW, Walters SN, Seeberger KL, O'Connell PJ, Korbutt GS, Grey ST. A20 as an immune tolerance factor can determine islet transplant outcomes. JCI Insight 2019; 4:131028. [PMID: 31581152 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation can restore lost glycemic control in type 1 diabetes subjects but is restricted in its clinical application by a limiting supply of islets and the need for heavy immune suppression to prevent rejection. TNFAIP3, encoding the ubiquitin editing enzyme A20, regulates the activation of immune cells by raising NF-κB signaling thresholds. Here, we show that increasing A20 expression in allogeneic islet grafts resulted in permanent survival for ~45% of recipients, and > 80% survival when combined with subtherapeutic rapamycin. Allograft survival was dependent upon Tregs and was antigen specific, and grafts showed reduced expression of inflammatory factors. Transplantation of islets with A20 containing a loss-of-function variant (I325N) resulted in increased RIPK1 ubiquitination and NF-κB signaling, graft hyperinflammation, and acute allograft rejection. Overexpression of A20 in human islets potently reduced expression of inflammatory mediators, with no impact on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Therapeutic administration of A20 raises inflammatory signaling thresholds to favor immune tolerance and promotes islet allogeneic survival. Clinically, this would allow for reduced immunosuppression and support the use of alternate islet sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Zammit
- Immunology Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stacey N Walters
- Immunology Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen L Seeberger
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip J O'Connell
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, NSW Australia
| | - Gregory S Korbutt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shane T Grey
- Immunology Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Endo R, Nakamura T, Kawakami K, Sato Y, Harashima H. The silencing of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in dendritic cells by siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles enhances cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11335. [PMID: 31383907 PMCID: PMC6683295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy using dendritic cells (DC) represents a potent cancer immunotherapy. However, activated DC express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a counter-regulatory and tolerogenic molecule, leading to the inhibition of T cell activation and the promotion of T cell differentiation into regulatory T cells. Silencing the IDO1 gene in DC by small interfering RNA (siRNA) represents a potent therapeutic strategy. We report on the successful and efficient introduction of a siRNA targeting IDO1 into mouse DCs by a means of a multifunctional envelope-type nanodevice (MEND) containing a YSK12-C4 (YSK12-MEND). The YSK12-C4 has both fusogenic and cationic properties. The YSK12-MEND induced an effective level of gene silencing of IDO1 at siRNA doses in the range of 1–20 nM, a concentration that commercially available transfection reagents are not able to silence. The YSK12-MEND mediated IDO1 silencing had no effect on the characteristic determinants of DC phenotype such as CD11c, CD80 and MHC class II. The silencing of IDO1 in DC by the YSK12-MEND significantly enhanced the antitumor effect against E.G7-OVA tumor. Moreover, a decrease in the numbers of regulatory T cells in the tumor was observed in mice that were treated with the IDO1-silenced DC. The YSK12-MEND appears to be a potent delivery system for IDO1-silenced DC based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikito Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Kawakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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TNFAIP3 genetic polymorphisms reduce ankylosing spondylitis risk in Eastern Chinese Han population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10209. [PMID: 31308453 PMCID: PMC6629655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to clarify the associations of tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) and TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) genetic polymorphisms with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) susceptibility. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNFAIP3 gene and four in TNIP1 gene were genotyped in 667 AS patients and 667 matched healthy controls. Genotypes and haplotype analysis were conducted by using SPSS 23.0 and Haploview 4.2 software. The T allele and CT genotype in TNFAIP3 rs10499194 were significantly associated with a reduced AS risk (T allele vs. C allele, OR = 0.619, 95% CI = 0.430–0.889, P = 0.009; CT vs. CC, OR = 0.603, 95% CI = 0.416–0.875, P = 0.007). However, no association remained significant after Bonferroni correction. The rs13207033A- rs10499194T haplotype of TNFAIP3 conferred a protective effect on AS susceptibility. Stratification analyses suggested that rs10499194 polymorphism decreased the risk of AS in the male subgroup, subgroup aged ≥ 29, HLA-B27 positive subgroup as well as the subgroups of BASFI < 4 and BASDAI < 4 (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the functional annotation suggested a potential function of rs10499194 mutation. Our results demonstrated that TNFAIP3 rs10499194 polymorphism may be associated with a reduced risk of AS.
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Ying Z, Huang XF, Xiang X, Liu Y, Kang X, Song Y, Guo X, Liu H, Ding N, Zhang T, Duan P, Lin Y, Zheng W, Wang X, Lin N, Tu M, Xie Y, Zhang C, Liu W, Deng L, Gao S, Ping L, Wang X, Zhou N, Zhang J, Wang Y, Lin S, Mamuti M, Yu X, Fang L, Wang S, Song H, Wang G, Jones L, Zhu J, Chen SY. A safe and potent anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy. Nat Med 2019; 25:947-953. [PMID: 31011207 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies can cause severe cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity, impeding their therapeutic application. Here we generated a new anti-CD19 CAR molecule (CD19-BBz(86)) derived from the CD19-BBz prototype bearing co-stimulatory 4-1BB and CD3ζ domains. We found that CD19-BBz(86) CAR T cells produced lower levels of cytokines, expressed higher levels of antiapoptotic molecules and proliferated more slowly than the prototype CD19-BBz CAR T cells, although they retained potent cytolytic activity. We performed a phase 1 trial of CD19-BBz(86) CAR T cell therapy in patients with B cell lymphoma (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02842138 ). Complete remission occurred in 6 of 11 patients (54.5%) who each received a dose of 2 × 108-4 × 108 CD19-BBz(86) CAR T cells. Notably, no neurological toxicity or CRS (greater than grade 1) occurred in any of the 25 patients treated. No significant elevation in serum cytokine levels after CAR T cell infusion was detected in the patients treated, including in those who achieved complete remission. CD19-BBz(86) CAR T cells persistently proliferated and differentiated into memory cells in vivo. Thus, therapy with the new CD19-BBz(86) CAR T cells produces a potent and durable antilymphoma response without causing neurotoxicity or severe CRS, representing a safe and potent anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xue F Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Xi Kang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hanzhi Liu
- Marino Biotechnology Corp., Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Yufu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ningjing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Meifeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shunyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyan Ping
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Nina Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Xueyun Yu
- Marino Biotechnology Corp., Beijing, China
| | - Lizhu Fang
- Marino Biotechnology Corp., Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Marino Biotechnology Corp., Beijing, China
| | | | - Guan Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lindsey Jones
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Departments of Lymphoma, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Li Y, Mooney EC, Holden SE, Xia XJ, Cohen DJ, Walsh SW, Ma A, Sahingur SE. A20 Orchestrates Inflammatory Response in the Oral Mucosa through Restraining NF-κB Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2044-2056. [PMID: 30760622 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated immune response to a dysbiotic resident microflora within the oral cavity leads to chronic periodontal disease, local tissue destruction, and various systemic complications. To preserve tissue homeostasis, inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the progression of periodontitis must be tightly regulated. A20 (TNFAIP3), a ubiquitin-editing enzyme, has emerged as one of the key regulators of inflammation. Yet, the function of A20 in the oral mucosa and the biological pathways in which A20 mitigates periodontal inflammation remain elusive. Using a combination of in vivo and ex vivo disease models, we report in this study that A20 regulates inflammatory responses to a keystone oral bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and restrains periodontal inflammation through its effect on NF-κB signaling and cytokine production. Depletion of A20 using gene editing in human macrophage-like cells (THP-1) significantly increased cytokine secretion, whereas A20 overexpression using lentivirus infection dampened the cytokine production following bacterial challenge through modulating NF-κB activity. Similar to human cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages from A20-deficient mice infected with P. gingivalis displayed increased NF-κB activity and cytokine production compared with the cells isolated from A20-competent mice. Subsequent experiments using a murine ligature-induced periodontitis model showed that even a partial loss of A20 promotes an increased inflammatory phenotype and more severe bone loss, further verifying the critical function of A20 in the oral mucosa. Collectively, to our knowledge, these findings reveal the first systematic evidence of a physiological role for A20 in the maintenance of oral tissue homeostasis as a negative regulator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Li
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Erin C Mooney
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sara E Holden
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Xia-Juan Xia
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Scott W Walsh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298; and
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Sinem E Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298; .,Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
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Genetic variants upstream of TNFAIP3 in the 6q23 region are associated with liver disease severity in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients: A cross-sectional study. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 67:112-120. [PMID: 30336268 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNFAIP3 is a crucial hepatoprotective factor due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and pro-regenerative functions. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between genetic variants upstream of TNFAIP3 (rs675520, rs9376293 and rs6920220) and liver fibrosis severity and inflammation in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 215 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, who underwent a liver biopsy. TNFAIP3 polymorphisms were genotyped using GoldenGate® assay. Outcome variables were: a) liver fibrosis (Metavir score) [fibrosis stage (F0, F1, F2, F3 and F4) and advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis (F ≥ 3 and F4, respectively)]; b) non-invasive indexes [FIB-4, APRI, and their cut-offs (FIB-4 ≥ 3.25 and APRI≥1.5)]; c) inflammation-related biomarkers (leptin, HGF, NGF, sFasL, sFas, MIF, HA, Ang-2, TIMP1, MMP1 and MMP2). RESULTS Patients with rs675520 AG/GG genotypes had decreased odds of having cirrhosis (F4) and advanced fibrosis (FIB-4 ≥ 3.25 and APRI≥1.5) [adjusted Odd Ratio (aOR) = 0.30 (p = 0.025), aOR = 0.20 (p = 0.014), and aOR = 0.34 (p = 0.017), respectively] and lower levels of FIB-4 and APRI [adjusted arithmetic mean ratio (aAMR) = 0.76 (p = 0.003) and aAMR = 0.72 (p = 0.006), respectively]. Patients with rs9376293 CT/CC genotypes had decreased odds of APRI≥1.5 [aOR = 0.39 (p = 0.030)] and lower levels of APRI [aAMR = 0.77 (p = 0.018)]. Patients with rs6920220 AG/AA genotypes had higher odds of having FIB-4 ≥ 3.25 [aOR = 3.72 (p = 0.043)]. Moreover, rs675520 AG/GG genotypes, compared to AA genotype, were associated with lower levels of leptin and NGF (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively) and higher levels of sFas, MIF, TIMP1 and MMP2 (p = 0.004, p = 0.007, p = 0.020 and p = 0.036, respectively). Also, rs9376293 CT/CC genotypes were related to lower leptin levels (p = 0.026) and higher sFas, MIF, TIMP1 and MMP2 levels (p = 0.029, p = 0.040, p = 0.022 and p = 0.024, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants upstream of TNFAIP3 were associated with the liver fibrosis severity and inflammation in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
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Association of TNFAIP3 and TNIP1 polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus risk: A meta-analysis. Gene 2018; 668:155-165. [PMID: 29783072 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT With the development of GWAS, both TNFAIP3 and TNIP1 were revealed to be susceptibility genes of SLE. However, some other studies revealed no association between TNFAIP3, TNIP1 and SLE susceptibility. In order to estimate such association more precisely and systemically, a meta-analysis was conducted. METHOD Studies on the association between TNFAIP3 rs2230926, TNIP1 rs7708392 and SLE risk were carefully selected via searching 3 databases (Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science). A fixed- or random-effect model was used according to the heterogeneity, and a subgroup analysis by ethnicity was also performed. RESULTS 26 studies from 18 articles involving a total of 21,372 patients and 30,165 controls were analyzed for TNFAIP3 rs2230926. A significant association between the minor G allele of TNFAIP3 rs2230926 and SLE risk was found via a random-effect model (OR = 1.643, 95% CI = (1.462, 1.847), p < 0.01). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant correlations were also found in all Caucasians, Asians, and Africans (OR = 1.675, 95% CI = (1.353, 2.074), p < 0.01; OR = 1.738, 95% CI = (1.557, 1.940), p < 0.01; OR = 1.324, 95% CI = (1.029, 1.704), p < 0.05). As for TNIP1 rs7708392, 21 studies from 12 articles involving 24,716 cases and 32,200 controls were analyzed. A significant association of the minor C allele of TNIP1 rs7708392 and SLE risk was found via a random-effect model (OR = 1.247, 95% CI = (1.175, 1.323), p < 0.01). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant correlations were found in Caucasians, and Africans (OR = 1.317, 95% CI = (1.239, 1.401), p < 0.01; OR = 1.210, 95% CI = (1.108, 1.322), p < 0.01). However, there was no significant association in Asians (OR = 1.122, 95% CI = (0.953, 1.321), p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The minor G allele of TNFAIP3 rs2230926 was associated with increased risk of SLE in all Caucasians, Asians, and Africans. The minor C allele of TNIP1 rs7708392 was associated with the increased risk of SLE in Caucasians and Africans, while it was not associated with SLE susceptibility in Asians.
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Huo Y, Li BY, Lin ZF, Wang W, Jiang XX, Chen X, Xi WJ, Yang AG, Chen SY, Wang T. MYSM1 Is Essential for Maintaining Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) Quiescence and Survival. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2541-2549. [PMID: 29694335 PMCID: PMC5939948 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Histone H2A deubiquitinase MYSM1 has recently been shown to be essential for hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function in both mice and humans. However, conventional MYSM1 knockouts cause partial embryonic lethality and growth retardation, and it is difficult to convincingly remove the effects of environmental factors on HSC differentiation and function. Material/Methods MYSM1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice were efficiently induced by using the Vav1-cre transgenic system. The Vav-Cre MYSM1 cKO mice were then analyzed to verify the intrinsic role of MYSM1 in hematopoietic cells. Results MYSM1 cKO mice were viable and were born at normal litter sizes. At steady state, we observed a defect in hematopoiesis, including reduced bone marrow cellularity and abnormal HSC function. MYSM1 deletion drives HSCs from quiescence into rapid cycling, and MYSM1-deficient HSCs display impaired engraftment. In particular, the immature cycling cKO HSCs have elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and are prone to apoptosis, resulting in the exhaustion of the stem cell pool during stress response to 5-FU. Conclusions Our study using MYSM1 cKO mice confirms the important role of MYSM1 in maintaining HSC quiescence and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).,Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Bing-Yi Li
- Undergraduate Student at Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Feng Lin
- Undergraduate Student at Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wen-Jin Xi
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - An-Gang Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Fan YC, Zhang YY, Sun YY, Wang N, Xiao XY, Wang K. Altered expression of A20 gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with the progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68821-68832. [PMID: 27634895 PMCID: PMC5356592 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A20 is an important negative immune regulator but its role in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still unknown. This present study was to investigate the potential role of A20 gene in the progression of chronic HBV infection. A total of 236 chronic HBV patients were included and consisted of 63 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 87 liver cirrhosis (LC) and 86 chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The mRNA level of A20 gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Receptor operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to determine the diagnostic value of A20 mRNA in different stages of chronic HBV infection. A20 mRNA levels in all HBV patients were significantly higher than healthy controls (n=30), of whom HCC and LC patients showed higher A20 mRNA level than CHB patients. In CHB patients, A20 mRNA was closely associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin. In LC patients, A20 mRNA was significantly associated with ALT, AST, albumin, haemoglobin and platelet. In HCC patients, elevated A20mRNA was also observed in patients with vascular invasion, liver cirrhosis and ascites, compared with those without. ROC analysis revealed that A20 mRNA could effectively discriminate LC from CHB, decompensated LC from compensated LC, and HCC from CHB. In conclusion, A20 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was associated with dynamic progression of chronic HBV infection. A20 gene might be a potential biomarker to determine the different stages of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan-Yan Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Recent challenges and advances in genetically-engineered cell therapy. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017; 48:199-208. [PMID: 30680249 PMCID: PMC6312535 DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells naturally sense and actively response to their environment. Cell-therapy has long been studied and shown therapeutic effects in various diseases. However, several hurdles should be overcome to improve cell-based therapy. Gene delivery-mediated cellular modification has shown improvement of cell function by obstacle gene silencing and therapeutic gene expression. Especially, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a very promising method for gene modification. In this review, we describe the recent advances in genetic modification for cell therapy. Stem cells are still promising source of cell therapy due to their self-renewal character and differentiation potential. Immune cells regulate the inflammatory response and immunization, which inspired various cell therapy using immune-regulatory cells. Conclusively, we emphasize the need to develop gene-modification-based cell therapy as potent future treatment.
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Nakamura T. Development of a Drug Delivery System for Cancer Immunotherapy. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 136:1477-1484. [PMID: 27803478 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Delivery systems are a powerful technology for enhancing the effect of cancer immunotherapy. We have been in the process of developing lipid-based delivery systems for controlling the physical properties and dynamics of immunofunctional molecules such as antigens and adjuvants. The lipid nanoparticulation of these molecules improves their physical properties, resulting in a good water dispensability, greater stability, and small size. The cell wall skeleton of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG-CWS) could be used to replace live BCG as a drug for treating bladder cancer, but problems associated with the physical properties of BCG-CWS have prevented its use. To overcome such problems, we developed a novel packaging method that permits BCG-CWS to be encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles, which induce antitumor responses against bladder cancer. Lipid nanoparticulation also improves the intracellular trafficking and biodistribution of immunofunctional molecules. Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is an adjuvant that is recognized by the cytosolic sensor. However, c-di-GMP cannot pass through the cell membrane. We encapsulated c-di-GMP into lipid nanoparticles containing a pH-responsive lipid that was developed in our laboratory and achieved efficient cytosolic delivery and the induction of antitumor immunity. Furthermore, we are attempting to control the functions of immune cells by RNA interference. We have recently succeeded in the efficient delivery of small interfering RNA into mouse dendritic cells (DCs), which led to the enhancement of antitumor activity of DCs. In this review, our recent efforts regarding cancer immunotherapy using lipid-based nanoparticles are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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35
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Zeng P, Ma J, Yang R, Liu YC. Immune Regulation by Ubiquitin Tagging as Checkpoint Code. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 410:215-248. [PMID: 28929193 DOI: 10.1007/82_2017_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is equipped with effective machinery to mobilize its activation to defend invading microorganisms, and at the same time, to refrain from attacking its own tissues to maintain immune tolerance. The balance of activation and tolerance is tightly controlled by diverse mechanisms, since breakdown of tolerance could result in disastrous consequences such as the development of autoimmune diseases. One of the mechanisms is by the means of protein ubiquitination, which involves the process of tagging a small peptide ubiquitin to protein substrates. E3 ubiquitin ligases are responsible for catalyzing the final step of ubiquitin-substrate conjugation by specifically recognizing substrates to determine their fates of degradation or functional modification. The ubiquitination process is reversible, which is carried out by deubiquitinating enzymes to release the ubiquitin molecule from the conjugated substrates. Protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination serve as checkpoint codes in many key steps of lymphocyte regulation including the development, activation, differentiation, and tolerance induction. In this chapter, we will discuss a few E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes that are important in controlling immune responses, with emphasis on their roles in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jieyu Ma
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Runqing Yang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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36
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Abstract
A20 (TNFAIP3), known to inhibit NF-κB function by deubiquitinating-specific NF-κB signaling molecules, has been found in many cell types of the immune system. Recent findings suggest that A20 is essential for the development and functional performance of dendritic cell, B cell, T cell and macrophage. A number of studies further demonstrate that these cells are crucial in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. In this article, we focus on the recent advances on the roles of A20 in autoimmune diseases and discuss the therapeutic significance of these new findings.
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37
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Sato Y, Sakurai Y, Kajimoto K, Nakamura T, Yamada Y, Akita H, Harashima H. Innovative Technologies in Nanomedicines: From Passive Targeting to Active Targeting/From Controlled Pharmacokinetics to Controlled Intracellular Pharmacokinetics. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Yu Sakurai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kajimoto
- Health Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); 2217-14 Hayashi-cho Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395 Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Yuma Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hokkaido University; Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
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Sato Y, Nakamura T, Yamada Y, Harashima H. Development of a multifunctional envelope-type nano device and its application to nanomedicine. J Control Release 2016; 244:194-204. [PMID: 27374187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful nanomedicines should be based on sound drug delivery systems (DDS) the permit intracellular trafficking as well as the biodistribution of cargos to be controlled. We have been developing new types of DDS that are multifunctional envelope-type nano devices referred to as MENDs. First, we will focus the in vivo delivery of siRNA to hepatocytes using a YSK-MEND which is composed of pH-responsive cationic lipids. The YSK-MEND is capable of inducing efficient silencing activity in hepatocytes and can be used to cure mice that are infected with hepatitis C or B. The YSK-MEND can also be applied to cancer immunotherapy through the activation of immune cells by delivering different compounds such as cyclic-di-GMP, siRNA or alpha-galactosylceramide as a lipid antigen. The findings indicate that, as predicted, these compounds, when encapsulated in the YSK-MEND, can be delivered to the site of action and induced immune activation through different mechanisms. Finally, a MITO-Porter, a membrane fusion-based delivery system to mitochondria, is introduced as an organelle targeting DDS and a new strategy for cancer therapy is proposed by delivering gentamicin to mitochondria of cancer cells. These new technologies are expected to extend the therapeutic area of Nanomedicine by increasing the power of DDS, especially from the view point of controlled intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuma Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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39
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Mysm1 is required for interferon regulatory factor expression in maintaining HSC quiescence and thymocyte development. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2260. [PMID: 27277682 PMCID: PMC5143390 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mysm1(-/-) mice have severely decreased cellularity in hematopoietic organs. We previously revealed that Mysm1 knockout impairs self-renewal and lineage reconstitution of HSCs by abolishing the recruitment of key transcriptional factors to the Gfi-1 locus, an intrinsic regulator of HSC function. The present study further defines a large LSKs in >8-week-old Mysm1(-/-) mice that exhibit increased proliferation and reduced cell lineage differentiation compared with those of WT LSKs. We found that IRF2 and IRF8, which are important for HSC homeostasis and commitment as transcription repressors, were expressed at lower levels in Mysm1(-/-) HSCs, and Mysm1 enhanced function of the IRF2 and IRF8 promoters, suggesting that Mysm1 governs the IRFs for HSC homeostasis. We further found that the lower expressions of IRF2 and IRF8 led to an enhanced transcription of p53 in Mysm1(-/-) HSCs, which was recently defined to have an important role in mediating Mysm1(-/-)-associated defects. The study also revealed that Mysm1(-/-) thymocytes exhibited lower IRF2 expression, but had higher Sca1 expression, which has a role in mediating thymocyte death. Furthermore, we found that the thymocytes from B16 melanoma-bearing mice, which display severe thymus atrophy at late tumor stages, exhibited reduced Mysm1 and IRF2 expression but enhanced Sca1 expression, suggesting that tumors may downregulate Mysm1 and IRF2 for thymic T-cell elimination.
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40
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Dang RJ, Yang YM, Zhang L, Cui DC, Hong B, Li P, Lin Q, Wang Y, Wang QY, Xiao F, Mao N, Wang C, Jiang XX, Wen N. A20 plays a critical role in the immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1550-60. [PMID: 27028905 PMCID: PMC4956951 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess an immunoregulatory capacity and are a therapeutic target for many inflammation‐related diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms of MSC‐mediated immunosuppression remain unclear. In this study, we provide new information to partly explain the molecular mechanisms of immunoregulation by MSCs. Specifically, we found that A20 expression was induced in MSCs by inflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of A20 in MSCs resulted in increased proliferation and reduced adipogenesis, and partly reversed the suppressive effect of MSCs on T cell proliferation in vitro and inhibited tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistic studies indicated that knockdown of A20 in MSCs inhibited activation of the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which potently promoted the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and inhibited the production of interleukin (IL)‐10. Collectively, these data reveal a crucial role of A20 in regulating the immunomodulatory activities of MSCs by controlling the expression of TNF‐α and IL‐10 in an inflammatory environment. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of various inflammatory‐associated diseases, and are a new reference for the future development of treatments for such afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jie Dang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren City, Guizhou, China
| | - Dian-Chao Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Aiyuhua Hospital for Children and Women, Beijing, China
| | - Bangxing Hong
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxia Lin
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Yu Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Mao
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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41
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Jahan AS, Lestra M, Swee LK, Fan Y, Lamers MM, Tafesse FG, Theile CS, Spooner E, Bruzzone R, Ploegh HL, Sanyal S. Usp12 stabilizes the T-cell receptor complex at the cell surface during signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E705-14. [PMID: 26811477 PMCID: PMC4760780 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521763113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications are central to the spatial and temporal regulation of protein function. Among others, phosphorylation and ubiquitylation are known to regulate proximal T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Here we used a systematic and unbiased approach to uncover deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) that participate during TCR signaling in primary mouse T lymphocytes. Using a C-terminally modified vinyl methyl ester variant of ubiquitin (HA-Ub-VME), we captured DUBs that are differentially recruited to the cytosol on TCR activation. We identified ubiquitin-specific peptidase (Usp) 12 and Usp46, which had not been previously described in this pathway. Stimulation with anti-CD3 resulted in phosphorylation and time-dependent translocation of Usp12 from the nucleus to the cytosol. Usp12(-/-) Jurkat cells displayed defective NFκB, NFAT, and MAPK activities owing to attenuated surface expression of TCR, which were rescued on reconstitution of wild type Usp12. Proximity-based labeling with BirA-Usp12 revealed several TCR adaptor proteins acting as interactors in stimulated cells, of which LAT and Trat1 displayed reduced expression in Usp12(-/-) cells. We demonstrate that Usp12 deubiquitylates and prevents lysosomal degradation of LAT and Trat1 to maintain the proximal TCR complex for the duration of signaling. Our approach benefits from the use of activity-based probes in primary cells without any previous genome modification, and underscores the importance of ubiquitin-mediated regulation to refine signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhee S Jahan
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole and Center for Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Maxime Lestra
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole and Center for Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lee Kim Swee
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Ying Fan
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole and Center for Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mart M Lamers
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole and Center for Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Eric Spooner
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Roberto Bruzzone
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole and Center for Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole and Center for Influenza Research, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France;
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42
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Warashina S, Nakamura T, Sato Y, Fujiwara Y, Hyodo M, Hatakeyama H, Harashima H. A lipid nanoparticle for the efficient delivery of siRNA to dendritic cells. J Control Release 2016; 225:183-91. [PMID: 26820519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Applying small interfering RNA (siRNA) to dendritic cell (DC) based therapy represents a potential candidate for cancer immunotherapy. However, delivering siRNA to DCs is a challenging issue for non-viral vectors. To date, only viral vectors have achieved efficient gene silencing in DCs. We report herein that a novel cationic lipid, YSK12-C4, when loaded in a nanoparticle with siRNA (YSK12-C4 multifunctional envelope type nano device [YSK12-MEND]), greatly facilitated gene silencing in mouse DCs. The use of the YSK12-MEND resulted in a gene silencing efficiency in excess of 90%, with a median effective dose (ED50) of 1.5nM, whereas the maximum gene silencing efficiency of Lipofectamine RNAiMAX was less than 60% and the ED50 was 25nM. Furthermore, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, an immune suppressive molecule in DCs, silenced in the mouse DC by the YSK12-MEND showed a drastic enhancement in cytokine production, resulting in the significant suppression of tumor growth when it was applied to DC-based therapy against a mouse lymphoma. These results clearly indicate that YSK12-MEND overcomes the obstacle associated with non-viral vectors and can be considered to be a promising non-viral vector for siRNA delivery to DCs, thus accelerating DC-based therapies with siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Warashina
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hyodo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-Cho, Toyota 470-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hatakeyama
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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43
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Hotta-Iwamura C, Tarbell KV. Type 1 diabetes genetic susceptibility and dendritic cell function: potential targets for treatment. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:65-80. [PMID: 26792821 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3mr1115-500r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results from the defective induction or maintenance of T cell tolerance against islet β cell self-antigens. Under steady-state conditions, dendritic cells with tolerogenic properties are critical for peripheral immune tolerance. Tolerogenic dendritic cells can induce T cell anergy and deletion and, in some contexts, induce or expand regulatory T cells. Dendritic cells contribute to both immunomodulatory effects and triggering of pathogenesis in type 1 diabetes. This immune equilibrium is affected by both genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies and disease association studies have identified >50 polymorphic loci that lend susceptibility or resistance to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In parallel, diabetes susceptibility regions known as insulin-dependent diabetes loci have been identified in the nonobese diabetic mouse, a model for human type 1 diabetes, providing a better understanding of potential immunomodulatory factors in type 1 diabetes risk. Most genetic candidates have annotated immune cell functions, but the focus has been on changes to T and B cells. However, it is likely that some of the genomic susceptibility in type 1 diabetes directly interrupts the tolerogenic potential of dendritic cells in the pathogenic context of ongoing autoimmunity. Here, we will review how gene polymorphisms associated with autoimmune diabetes may influence dendritic cell development and maturation processes that could lead to alterations in the tolerogenic function of dendritic cells. These insights into potential tolerogenic and pathogenic roles for dendritic cells have practical implications for the clinical manipulation of dendritic cells toward tolerance to prevent and treat type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Hotta-Iwamura
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin V Tarbell
- Immune Tolerance Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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44
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Sun YY, Fan YC, Wang N, Xia HHX, Xiao XY, Wang K. Increased A20 mRNA Level in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells is Associated With Immune Phases of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2428. [PMID: 26717404 PMCID: PMC5291645 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger protein A20 is a newly identified negative regulator of immune response and mediates signal pathway of NF-κB in liver inflammation. However, the role of A20 in the natural history of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has not been demonstrated. In this present study, we aimed to investigate the dynamic expression of A20 and determine the potential association of A20 in the progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.This retrospective study contained 136 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 30 healthy controls (HCs). The mRNA level of A20, TNF-α, NF-κB p65 and toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was determined using a relative quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The hepatic A20 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained.In the present study, the relative expression of A20 mRNA was significantly increased in CHB patients compared with HCs and was positively associated with alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin. In CHB patients, the levels of A20 mRNA in the immune clearance (IC) phase and hepatitis B negative (ENH) phase were significantly higher than that in immune tolerance (IT) phase and low-replicative (LR) phase (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the A20 mRNA level was significantly correlated with TNF-α/ NF-κB p65/TLR4 mRNA levels in CHB patients. Of note, we reported that cutoff values of 4.19 and 3.97 for the level of A20 mRNA have significant power in discriminating IC from IT, and ENH from LR in CHB patients respectively.In conclusion, our results suggested that increased levels of A20 mRNA and protein contribute to disease progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Sun
- From the Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Y-YS, Y-CF, NW, KW); Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan (Y-CF, KW); Department of Gastroenterology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (HH-XX); and Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (X-YX)
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45
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Shao B, Wei X, Luo M, Yu J, Tong A, Ma X, Ye T, Deng H, Sang Y, Liang X, Ma Y, Wu Q, Du W, Du J, Gao X, Wen Y, Fu P, Shi H, Luo S, Wei Y. Inhibition of A20 expression in tumor microenvironment exerts anti-tumor effect through inducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells apoptosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16437. [PMID: 26561336 PMCID: PMC4642332 DOI: 10.1038/srep16437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to play important roles in the development of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. A20 is a zinc-finger protein which could negatively regulate apoptosis in several cell types. However, the role of A20 in tumor microenvironment remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that A20 was over-expressed in MDSCs. The treatment of tumor-bearing mice with small interfering RNA targeting A20 (si-A20) inhibited the growth of tumors. The infiltration of MDSCs was dramatically reduced after si-A20 treatment, as compared to control groups, whereas the numbers of dendritic cells and macrophages were not affected. Also, injection of si-A20 improved T cell mediated tumor-specific immune response. Depletion of MDSCs with anti-Gr1 antibody showed similar antitumor effect and improved T cell response. TNF-α was highly expressed after si-A20 injection. Furthermore, si-A20 induced apoptosis of MDSCs in the presence of TNF-α both in vivo and in vitro. Cleaved Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 were elevated with the activation of JNK pathway after the induction of MDSC apoptosis by si-A20. Thus, our findings suggested that knockdown of A20 in tumor site inhibited tumor growth at least through inducing the apoptosis of MDSCs. A20 might be a potential target in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shao
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Luo
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiayun Yu
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aiping Tong
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaxiong Sang
- College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Du
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huashan Shi
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuntao Luo
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Division of Nephrology of Department of Internal Medicine and Lab of Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy &Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,College of life science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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46
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Solving the genetic puzzle of systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:1735-48. [PMID: 25239301 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, genome-wide association studies on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have significantly improved our understanding of the genetic architecture of this prototypic autoimmune disease. However, there is still a long way to go before we can fully understand the genetic factors for this very heterogeneous disease and the interplays between environmental factors and genetic predisposition that lead to the pathogenesis of SLE. Here we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the genetics of SLE and discuss the future directions towards fully elucidating the mechanisms of this disease.
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Jiang XX, Chou Y, Jones L, Wang T, Sanchez S, Huang XF, Zhang L, Wang C, Chen SY. Epigenetic Regulation of Antibody Responses by the Histone H2A Deubiquitinase MYSM1. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13755. [PMID: 26348977 PMCID: PMC4562257 DOI: 10.1038/srep13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell-mediated antibody response plays critical roles in protective immunity, as well as in the pathogenesis of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Epigenetic histone and DNA modifications regulate gene transcription and immunity; however, so far, little is known about the role of epigenetic regulation in antibody responses. In this study, we found that mice deficient in the histone H2A deubiquitinase MYSM1, despite their severe defect in B cell development, exhibit an enhanced antibody response against both T cell-dependent and independent antigens. We revealed that MYSM1 intrinsically represses plasma cell differentiation and antibody production. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that MYSM1 is a transcriptional activator of Pax5, the repressors of plasma cell differentiation, by facilitating key transcriptional factor recruitment and coordinating histone modifications at the Pax5 loci. Hence, this study uncovers a critical role for MYSM1 in epigenetically repressing plasma cell differentiation and antibody production, in addition to its opposing, active role in B cell development. Importantly, this study further provides a new target and strategy to modulate antibody production and responses with profound therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA.,Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - YuChia Chou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Lindsey Jones
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Suzi Sanchez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Xue F Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
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48
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Braun FCM, van den Brandt J, Thomas S, Lange S, Schrank J, Gand C, Przybylski GK, Schmoeckel K, Bröker BM, Schmidt CA, Grabarczyk P. In Vivo Silencing of A20 via TLR9-Mediated Targeted SiRNA Delivery Potentiates Antitumor Immune Response. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135444. [PMID: 26327508 PMCID: PMC4556692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A20 is an ubiquitin-editing enzyme that ensures the transient nature of inflammatory signaling pathways induced by cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1 or pathogens via Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. It has been identified as a negative regulator of dendritic cell (DC) maturation and attenuator of their immunostimulatory properties. Ex vivo A20-depleted dendritic cells showed enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and costimulatory molecules, which resulted in hyperactivation of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and inhibition of regulatory T cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that a synthetic molecule consisting of a CpG oligonucleotide TLR9 agonist linked to A20-specific siRNAs silences its expression in TLR9+ mouse dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo. In the B16 mouse melanoma tumor model, silencing of A20 enhances the CpG-triggered induction of NFκB activity followed by elevated expression of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12. This leads to potentiated antitumor immune responses manifested by increased numbers of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells, high levels of tumor cell apoptosis and delayed tumor growth. Our findings confirm the central role of A20 in controlling the immunostimulatory potency of DCs and provide a strategy for simultaneous A20 silencing and TLR activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane C. M. Braun
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Department of Molecular Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens van den Brandt
- Central Core & Research Facility of Laboratory Animals, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sören Thomas
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Department of Molecular Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sandra Lange
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Department of Molecular Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juliane Schrank
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Department of Molecular Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Gand
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Department of Molecular Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Grzegorz K. Przybylski
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Department of Molecular Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katrin Schmoeckel
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian A. Schmidt
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Department of Molecular Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Piotr Grabarczyk
- Clinic of Internal Medicine C, Department of Molecular Hematology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail:
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49
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Nakamura T, Fujiwara Y, Warashina S, Harashima H. The intracellular pharmacodynamics of siRNA is responsible for the low gene silencing activity of siRNA-loaded nanoparticles in dendritic cells. Int J Pharm 2015; 494:271-7. [PMID: 26253379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to dendritic cells (DCs) is a challenging issue for siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles. The cause of this difficulty is unknown. The findings reported herein indicate that the rate-limiting step in gene silencing using siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles in DCs, as evidenced by a quantitative analysis of each process in siRNA delivery between mouse bone marrow derived DC (BMDC) and other cell lines, was not associated with the actual delivery of siRNA. A gene silencing of only 50% was observed in BMDC, even when a high dose was used. Contrary to our expectation, the interval between cellular uptake and the delivery of siRNA to the cytosol was not responsible for the low gene silencing. Meanwhile, a drastic difference was found in the relationship between the efficiency of gene silencing and the amount of intracellular intact siRNA. This fact indicates that the processes after cytosolic delivery of siRNA, namely the intracellular pharmacodynamics (PD) of siRNA, appear to be the rate-limiting step in gene silencing in BMDC. The findings reported here demonstrate the importance of the intracellular PD of siRNA delivered to cytosol in the development of siRNA delivery systems for gene silencing in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shota Warashina
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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50
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Almeida JPM, Lin AY, Figueroa ER, Foster AE, Drezek RA. In vivo gold nanoparticle delivery of peptide vaccine induces anti-tumor immune response in prophylactic and therapeutic tumor models. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1453-1459. [PMID: 25354691 PMCID: PMC4373976 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising vehicles for cancer immunotherapy, with demonstrated efficacy in immune delivery and innate cell stimulation. Nevertheless, their potential has yet to be assessed in the in vivo application of peptide cancer vaccines. In this study, it is hypothesized that the immune distribution and adjuvant qualities of AuNPs could be leveraged to facilitate delivery of the ovalbumin (OVA) peptide antigen and the CpG adjuvant and enhance their therapeutic effect in a B16-OVA tumor model. AuNP delivery of OVA (AuNP-OVA) and of CpG (AuNP-CpG) enhanced the efficacy of both agents and induced strong antigen-specific responses. In addition, it is found that AuNP-OVA delivery alone, without CpG, is sufficient to promote significant antigen-specific responses, leading to subsequent anti-tumor activity and prolonged survival in both prophylactic and therapeutic in vivo tumor models. This enhanced therapeutic efficacy is likely due to the adjuvant effect of peptide coated AuNPs, as they induce inflammatory cytokine release when cultured with bone marrow dendritic cells. Overall, AuNP-mediated OVA peptide delivery can produce significant therapeutic benefits without the need of adjuvant, indicating that AuNPs are effective peptide vaccine carriers with the potential to permit the use of lower and safer adjuvant doses during vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Yuh Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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