1
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Schlenoff JB, Akkaoui K. Unifying the temperature dependent dynamics of glass formers. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034502. [PMID: 39007391 DOI: 10.1063/5.0211693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Strong changes in bulk properties, such as modulus and viscosity, are observed near the glass transition temperature, Tg, of amorphous materials. For more than a century, intense efforts have been made to define a microscopic origin for these macroscopic changes in properties. Using transition state theory (TST), we delve into the atomic/molecular level picture of how microscopic localized unit relaxations, or "cage rattles," evolve to macroscopic structural relaxations above Tg. Unit motion is broken down into two populations: (1) simultaneous rearrangement occurs among a critical number of units, nα, which ranges from 1 to 4, allowing a systematic classification of glass formers, GFs, that is compared to fragility; and (2) near Tg, adjacent units provide additional free volume for rearrangement, not simultaneously, but within the "primitive" lifetime, τ1, of one unit rattling in its cage. Relaxation maps illustrate how Johari-Goldstein β-relaxations stem from the rattle of nα units. We analyzed a wide variety of glassy materials and materials with a glassy response using literature data. Our four-parameter equation fits "strong" and "weak" GFs over the entire range of temperatures and also extends to other glassy systems, such as ion-transporting polymers and ferroelectric relaxors. The role of activation entropy in boosting preexponential factors to high "unphysical" apparent frequencies is discussed. Enthalpy-entropy compensation is clearly illustrated using the TST approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
| | - Khalil Akkaoui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
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2
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Pica Ciamarra M, Ji W, Wyart M. Local vs. cooperative: Unraveling glass transition mechanisms with SEER. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400611121. [PMID: 38787876 PMCID: PMC11145278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400611121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Which phenomenon slows down the dynamics in supercooled liquids and turns them into glasses is a long-standing question of condensed matter. Most popular theories posit that as the temperature decreases, many events must occur in a coordinated fashion on a growing length scale for relaxation to occur. Instead, other approaches consider that local barriers associated with the elementary rearrangement of a few particles or "excitations" govern the dynamics. To resolve this conundrum, our central result is to introduce an algorithm, Systematic Excitation ExtRaction, which can systematically extract hundreds of excitations and their energy from any given configuration. We also provide a measurement of the activation energy, characterizing the liquid dynamics, based on fast quenching and reheating. We use these two methods in a popular liquid model of polydisperse particles. Such polydisperse models are known to capture the hallmarks of the glass transition and can be equilibrated efficiently up to millisecond time scales. The analysis reveals that cooperative effects do not control the fragility of such liquids: the change of energy of local barriers determines the change of activation energy. More generally, these methods can now be used to measure the degree of cooperativity of any liquid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pica Ciamarra
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerce, CNR-SPIN, NapoliI-80126, Italy
| | - Wencheng Ji
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot76100, Israel
| | - Matthieu Wyart
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
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3
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Zhang H, Zhang Q, Liu F, Han Y. Anisotropic-Isotropic Transition of Cages at the Glass Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:078201. [PMID: 38427876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.078201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing the local structural evolution is an essential step in understanding the nature of glass transition. In this work, we probe the evolution of Voronoi cell geometry in simple glass models by simulations and colloid experiments, and find that the individual particle cages deform anisotropically in supercooled liquid and isotropically in glass. We introduce an anisotropy parameter k for each Voronoi cell, whose mean value exhibits a sharp change at the mode-coupling glass transition ϕ_{c}. Moreover, a power law of packing fraction ϕ∝q_{1}^{d} is discovered in the supercooled liquid regime with d>D, in contrast to d=D in the glass regime, where q_{1} is the first peak position of structure factor, and D is the space dimension. This power law is qualitatively explained by the change of k. The active motions in supercooled liquid are spatially correlated with long axes rather than short axes of Voronoi cells. In addition, the dynamic slowing down approaching the glass transition can be well characterized through a modified free-volume model based on k. These findings reveal that the structural parameter k is effective in identifying the structure-dynamics correlations and the glass transition in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Krishnan G, Harbola U. Structure of quantum supercooled liquids. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014115. [PMID: 38366528 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Supercooled liquids show a drastic slowdown in the dynamics with decreasing temperature, while their structure remains similar to that of normal liquids. In this paper, the structural features in a quantum supercooled liquid are explored in terms of cages defined using the Voronoi polyhedra and characterized in terms of their volumes and geometries. The cage volume fluctuations are sensitive to the quantum effects, and decrease as the glass transition is approached by varying the quantumness. This is in contrast to the classical case where the volumes are insensitive to temperature variations as one approaches the transition. The cage geometry becomes more spherical upon increasing quantumness from zero, pushing the system closer to the glass transition. The cage geometry is found to be significantly correlated with asymmetry in the position uncertainty of the caged particle in the strongly quantum regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika Krishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Upendra Harbola
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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5
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Hartley AD, Drayer WF, Ghanekarade A, Simmons DS. Interplay between dynamic heterogeneity and interfacial gradients in a model polymer film. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:204905. [PMID: 38032012 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glass-forming liquids exhibit long-lived, spatially correlated dynamical heterogeneity, in which some nm-scale regions in the fluid relax more slowly than others. In the nanoscale vicinity of an interface, glass-formers also exhibit the emergence of massive interfacial gradients in glass transition temperature Tg and relaxation time τ. Both of these forms of heterogeneity have a major impact on material properties. Nevertheless, their interplay has remained poorly understood. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations of polymer thin films in the isoconfigurational ensemble in order to probe how bulk dynamic heterogeneity alters and is altered by the large gradient in dynamics at the surface of a glass-forming liquid. Results indicate that the τ spectrum at the surface is broader than in the bulk despite being shifted to shorter times, and yet it is less spatially correlated. This is distinct from the bulk, where the τ distribution becomes broader and more spatially organized as the mean τ increases. We also find that surface gradients in slow dynamics extend further into the film than those in fast dynamics-a result with implications for how distinct properties are perturbed near an interface. None of these features track locally with changes in the heterogeneity of caging scale, emphasizing the local disconnect between these quantities near interfaces. These results are at odds with conceptions of the surface as reflecting simply a higher "rheological temperature" than the bulk, instead pointing to a complex interplay between bulk dynamic heterogeneity and spatially organized dynamical gradients at interfaces in glass-forming liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D Hartley
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - William F Drayer
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Asieh Ghanekarade
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - David S Simmons
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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6
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Fink Z, Kim PY, Srivastava S, Ribbe AE, Hoagland DA, Russell TP. Evidence for Enhanced Tracer Diffusion in Densely Packed Interfacial Assemblies of Hairy Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10383-10390. [PMID: 37955362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Nearly monodisperse nanoparticle (NP) spheres attached to a nonvolatile ionic liquid surface were tracked by in situ scanning electron microscopy to obtain the tracer diffusion coefficient Dtr as a function of the areal fraction ϕ. The in situ technique resolved both tracer (gold) and background (silica) particles for ∼1-2 min, highlighting their mechanisms of diffusion, which were strongly dependent on ϕ. Structure and dynamics at low and moderate ϕ paralleled those reported for larger colloidal spheres, showing an increase in order and a decrease in Dtr by over 4 orders of magnitude. However, ligand interactions were more important near jamming, leading to different caging and jamming dynamics for smaller NPs. The normalized Dtr at ultrahigh ϕ depended on particle diameter and ligand molecular weight. Increasing the PEG molecular weight by a factor of 4 increased Dtr by 2 orders of magnitude at ultrahigh ϕ, indicating stronger ligand lubrication for smaller particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fink
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Paul Y Kim
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Satyam Srivastava
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alexander E Ribbe
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - David A Hoagland
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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7
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Kim EC, Chun DJ, Park CB, Sung BJ. Machine learning predicts the glass transition of two-dimensional colloids besides medium-range crystalline order. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:044602. [PMID: 37978710 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.044602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We employ only the positions of colloidal particles and construct machine learning (ML) models to test the presence of structural order in glass transition for two kinds of two-dimensional (2D) colloids: 2D polydisperse colloids (PC) with medium-range crystalline order (MRCO) and 2D binary colloids (BC) without MRCO. ML models predict the glass transition of 2D colloids successfully without any information on MRCO. Even certain ML models trained with BC predict the glass transition of PC successfully, thus suggesting that universal structural characteristics would exist besides MRCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Cheol Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jae Chun
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Bin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong June Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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8
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Stillman NR, Mayor R. Generative models of morphogenesis in developmental biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 147:83-90. [PMID: 36754751 PMCID: PMC10615838 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism by which cells coordinate their differentiation and migration is critical to our understanding of many fundamental processes such as wound healing, disease progression, and developmental biology. Mathematical models have been an essential tool for testing and developing our understanding, such as models of cells as soft spherical particles, reaction-diffusion systems that couple cell movement to environmental factors, and multi-scale multi-physics simulations that combine bottom-up rule-based models with continuum laws. However, mathematical models can often be loosely related to data or have so many parameters that model behaviour is weakly constrained. Recent methods in machine learning introduce new means by which models can be derived and deployed. In this review, we discuss examples of mathematical models of aspects of developmental biology, such as cell migration, and how these models can be combined with these recent machine learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namid R Stillman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor; Santiago, Chile Santiago, Chile..
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9
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Xia Y, Yang X, Huang J, Liu R, Xu N, Yang M, Chen K. Orientational Order in Dense Colloidal Liquids and Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:128201. [PMID: 37802956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.128201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
We construct structural order parameters based on local angular and radial distribution functions in dense colloidal suspensions. All the order parameters show significant correlations to local dynamics in the supercooled and glass regime. In particular, the correlations between the orientational order and dynamical heterogeneity are consistently higher than those between the conventional two-body structural entropy and local dynamics. The structure-dynamics correlations can be explained by a excitation model with the energy barrier depending on local structural order. Our results suggest that in dense disordered packings, local orientational order is higher than translational order, and plays a more important role in determining the dynamics in glassy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiunan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingcheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wu ZW, Chen Y, Wang WH, Kob W, Xu L. Topology of vibrational modes predicts plastic events in glasses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2955. [PMID: 37225717 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The plastic deformation of crystalline materials can be understood by considering their structural defects such as disclinations and dislocations. Although also glasses are solids, their structure resembles closely the one of a liquid and hence the concept of structural defects becomes ill-defined. As a consequence it is very challenging to rationalize on a microscopic level the mechanical properties of glasses close to the yielding point and to relate plastic events to structural properties. Here we investigate the topological characteristics of the eigenvector field of the vibrational excitations of a two-dimensional glass model, notably the geometric arrangement of the topological defects as a function of vibrational frequency. We find that if the system is subjected to a quasistatic shear, the location of the resulting plastic events correlate strongly with the topological defects that have a negative charge. Our results provide thus a direct link between the structure of glasses prior their deformation and the plastic events during deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wei Wu
- Institute of Nonequilibrium Systems, School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yixiao Chen
- Yuanpei College, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Walter Kob
- Department of Physics, University of Montpellier and CNRS, 34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Limei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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11
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Singh N, Zhang Z, Sood AK, Kob W, Ganapathy R. Intermediate-range order governs dynamics in dense colloidal liquids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300923120. [PMID: 37126696 PMCID: PMC10175804 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300923120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional wisdom is that liquids are completely disordered and lack nontrivial structure beyond nearest-neighbor distances. Recent observations have upended this view and demonstrated that the microstructure in liquids is surprisingly rich and plays a critical role in numerous physical, biological, and industrial processes. However, approaches to uncover this structure are either system-specific or yield results that are not physically intuitive. Here, through single-particle resolved three-dimensional confocal microscope imaging and the use of a recently introduced four-point correlation function, we show that bidisperse colloidal liquids have a highly nontrivial structure comprising alternating layers with icosahedral and dodecahedral order, which extends well beyond nearest-neighbor distances and grows with supercooling. By quantifying the dynamics of the system on the particle level, we establish that it is this intermediate-range order, and not the short-range order, which has a one-to-one correlation with dynamical heterogeneities, a property directly related to the relaxation dynamics of glassy liquids. Our experimental findings provide a direct and much sought-after link between the structure and dynamics of liquids and pave the way for probing the consequences of this intermediate-range order in other liquid state processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Singh
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - A. K. Sood
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
| | - Walter Kob
- Department of Physics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, MontpellierF-34095, France
| | - Rajesh Ganapathy
- International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore560064, India
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12
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Zhan M, Chen Y, Jiang Z, Xu N, Tan P. Multiple Scenarios of Low-Temperature Nucleation in Simple Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:178201. [PMID: 37172229 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.178201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Usually, sufficient supercooling of a liquid is employed to bypass the free energy barrier and speed up crystallization. However, lowering the temperature T induces new issues competing with the crystallization, e.g., slow particle motion, geometric frustration, and the glass formation, which complicates our understanding of crystal growth. Here we systematically study the low-temperature nucleation kinetics discriminated by the maximum nucleation rate temperature T_{d} and the glass transition temperature T_{g}. At T_{d}, the ratio of the precursor and geometrically frustrated particles reaches the maximum. When T_{g}<T<T_{d}, nucleation kinetics is characterized by the subdiffusive slow particle motion, the high degrees of geometric frustration, and the saturation of precursors. In this regime, nucleation can proceed through the diffusionless-like ordering of precursors. Near T_{g}, there is a crossover regime, where geometrically frustrated particles percolate and the glass formation strongly slows down the nucleation. When T<T_{g}, diffusionless nucleation is obstructed due to the weak vibrational motion and the mechanical stability of the glassy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhehua Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhang Q, Li W, Qiao K, Han Y. Surface premelting and melting of colloidal glasses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf1101. [PMID: 36930717 PMCID: PMC10022898 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The nature of liquid-to-glass transition is a major puzzle in science. A similar challenge exists in glass-to-liquid transition, i.e., glass melting, especially for the poorly investigated surface effects. Here, we assemble colloidal glasses by vapor deposition and melt them by tuning particle attractions. The structural and dynamic parameters saturate at different depths, which define a surface liquid layer and an intermediate glassy layer. The power-law growth of both layers and melting front behaviors at different heating rates are similar to crystal premelting and melting, suggesting that premelting and melting can be generalized to amorphous solids. The measured single-particle kinetics reveal various features and confirm theoretical predictions for glass surface layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaiyao Qiao
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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14
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Hu J, Ning L, Liu R, Yang M, Chen K. Evidence for growing structural correlation length in colloidal supercooled liquids. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:054601. [PMID: 36559518 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.054601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using video microscopy, we measure the long-time diffusion coefficients of colloidal particles at different concentrations. The measured diffusion coefficients start to deviate from theoretical predictions based on random collision models upon entering the supercooled regime. The theoretical diffusion relation is recovered by assigning an effective mass proportional to the size of structurally correlated clusters to the diffusing particles, providing an indirect method to probe the growth of static correlation length scales approaching the glass transition. This method is tested and validated in the crystallization of mono-disperse colloids in quasi-two-dimensional experiments. The correlation length obtained for a binary colloidal liquid increases by a power law toward a critical packing fraction of ∼0.79. The system relaxation time exhibits a power-law dependence on the correlation length in agreement with dynamical facilitation theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luhui Ning
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mingcheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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15
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Mei B, Schweizer KS. Theory of the Effects of Specific Attractions and Chain Connectivity on the Activated Dynamics and Selective Transport of Penetrants in Polymer Melts. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baicheng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Schweizer
- Department of Materials Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
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16
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Tah I, Ridout SA, Liu AJ. Fragility in glassy liquids: A structural approach based on machine learning. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:124501. [PMID: 36182409 DOI: 10.1063/5.0099071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of viscosity or relaxation time upon supercooling is a universal hallmark of glassy liquids. The temperature dependence of viscosity, however, is quite nonuniversal for glassy liquids and is characterized by the system's "fragility," with liquids with nearly Arrhenius temperature-dependent relaxation times referred to as strong liquids and those with super-Arrhenius behavior referred to as fragile liquids. What makes some liquids strong and others fragile is still not well understood. Here, we explore this question in a family of harmonic spheres that range from extremely strong to extremely fragile, using "softness," a structural order parameter identified by machine learning to be highly correlated with dynamical rearrangements. We use a support vector machine to identify softness as the same linear combination of structural quantities across the entire family of liquids studied. We then use softness to identify the factors controlling fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Tah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sean A Ridout
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrea J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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17
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Kirchner KA, Cassar DR, Zanotto ED, Ono M, Kim SH, Doss K, Bødker ML, Smedskjaer MM, Kohara S, Tang L, Bauchy M, Wilkinson CJ, Yang Y, Welch RS, Mancini M, Mauro JC. Beyond the Average: Spatial and Temporal Fluctuations in Oxide Glass-Forming Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 123:1774-1840. [PMID: 35511603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atomic structure dictates the performance of all materials systems; the characteristic of disordered materials is the significance of spatial and temporal fluctuations on composition-structure-property-performance relationships. Glass has a disordered atomic arrangement, which induces localized distributions in physical properties that are conventionally defined by average values. Quantifying these statistical distributions (including variances, fluctuations, and heterogeneities) is necessary to describe the complexity of glass-forming systems. Only recently have rigorous theories been developed to predict heterogeneities to manipulate and optimize glass properties. This article provides a comprehensive review of experimental, computational, and theoretical approaches to characterize and demonstrate the effects of short-, medium-, and long-range statistical fluctuations on physical properties (e.g., thermodynamic, kinetic, mechanical, and optical) and processes (e.g., relaxation, crystallization, and phase separation), focusing primarily on commercially relevant oxide glasses. Rigorous investigations of fluctuations enable researchers to improve the fundamental understanding of the chemistry and physics governing glass-forming systems and optimize structure-property-performance relationships for next-generation technological applications of glass, including damage-resistant electronic displays, safer pharmaceutical vials to store and transport vaccines, and lower-attenuation fiber optics. We invite the reader to join us in exploring what can be discovered by going beyond the average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn A Kirchner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Daniel R Cassar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Sao Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
- Ilum School of Science, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Edgar D Zanotto
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Sao Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Madoka Ono
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Materials Integration Laboratories, AGC Incorporated, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Karan Doss
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mikkel L Bødker
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Morten M Smedskjaer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Shinji Kohara
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Longwen Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Collin J Wilkinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Research and Development, GlassWRX, Beaufort, South Carolina 29906, United States
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rebecca S Welch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Matthew Mancini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John C Mauro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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18
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Mei B, Zhuang B, Lu Y, An L, Wang ZG. Local-Average Free Volume Correlates with Dynamics in Glass Formers. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3957-3964. [PMID: 35481369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glass formers exhibit a pronounced slowdown in dynamics, accompanied by progressive heterogeneity as they approach the glass transition. There is intense debate over whether the dramatic slowdown is caused by dynamical heterogeneity and whether the enhanced dynamical heterogeneity originates from structural causes. However, the connection between dynamical heterogeneity and the spatial distribution of the single-particle free volume (a purely static structural quantity) was found to be rather weak, which raises the question of whether dynamic heterogeneity has a purely structural origin. Here, by introducing the concept of local-average free volume, we present numerical evidence that long-time dynamic heterogeneity shows significantly enhanced correlation with the average local free volume over a length scale of a few neighboring shells. Our results resolve the long-standing controversy about whether free volume plays an important role in particle rearrangements associated with the activated hopping relaxation. The concept of "local average" can be applied to other local structural descriptors to better correlate with dynamic heterogeneity in glass-forming liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baicheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | - Yuyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lijia An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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19
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Tian J, Kob W, Barrat JL. Are strongly confined colloids good models for two dimensional liquids? J Chem Phys 2022; 156:164903. [PMID: 35490014 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) colloidal hard-sphere suspensions confined in a slit geometry are widely used as two-dimensional (2D) model systems in experiments that probe the glassy relaxation dynamics of 2D systems. However, the question to what extent these quasi-2D systems indeed represent 2D systems is rarely brought up. Here, we use computer simulations that take into account hydrodynamic interactions to show that dense quasi-2D colloidal bi-disperse hard-sphere suspensions exhibit much more rapid diffusion and relaxation than their 2D counterparts at the same area fraction. This difference is induced by the additional vertical space in the quasi-2D samples in which the small colloids can move out of the 2D plane, therefore allowing overlap between particles in the projected trajectories. Surprisingly, this difference in the dynamics can be accounted for if, instead of using the surface density, one characterizes the systems by means of a suitable structural quantity related to the radial distribution function. This implies that in the two geometries, the relevant physics for glass formation is essentially identical. Our results provide not only practical implications on 2D colloidal experiments but also interesting insights into the 3D-to-2D crossover in glass-forming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiting Tian
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, 621999 Mianyang, China
| | - Walter Kob
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier and CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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20
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Lieou CKC, Egami T. Mean-field model for the Curie-Weiss temperature dependence of coherence length in metallic liquids. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:044135. [PMID: 35590557 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.044135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The coherence length of the medium-range order (MRO) in metallic liquids is known to display a Curie-Weiss temperature dependence; its inverse is linearly related to temperature, and when extrapolated from temperatures above the glass transition, the coherence length diverges at a negative temperature with a critical exponent of unity. We propose a mean-field pseudospin model that explains this behavior. Specifically, we model the atoms and their local environment as Ising spins with antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. We further superimpose an exchange interaction between dynamical heterogeneities, or clusters of atoms undergoing cooperative motion. The coherence length in the metallic liquid is thus the correlation length between dynamical heterogeneities. Our results reaffirm the idea that the MRO coherence length is a measure of point-to-set correlations, and that local frustrations in the interatomic interactions are prominent in metallic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K C Lieou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Takeshi Egami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA; and Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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21
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Zhang J, Zheng W, Tong H, Xu N. Revealing the characteristic length of random close packing via critical-like random pinning. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1836-1842. [PMID: 35167643 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01697k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
By randomly pinning particles in fluidized states and finding the local energy minima, we form static packings of mono-disperse disks that resemble random close packing, when only nc = 2.6% of the particles are pinned. The packings are isostatic and exhibit typical critical scalings of the jamming transition. The non-triviality of nc is manifested mainly in two aspects. First, nc acts as a critical point, leading to bifurcated critical scalings in its vicinity. The criticality of nc is also demonstrated in the packings of weakly polydisperse disks. Second, nc sets a length scale in agreement with the characteristic length of random close packing. With robust evidence, we show that this agreement is generally true for both mono- and poly-disperse particles and in both two and three dimensions. The randomness inherited from fluidized states by random pinning thus interprets the randomness of random close packing from a unique perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
- Institute of Public Safety and Big Data, College of Data Science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030060, P. R. China
| | - Hua Tong
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
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22
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Drozd-Rzoska A, Rzoska SJ, Starzonek S. New paradigm for configurational entropy in glass-forming systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3058. [PMID: 35197481 PMCID: PMC8866542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that on cooling towards glass transition configurational entropy exhibits more significant changes than predicted by classic relation. A universal formula according to Kauzmann temperature [Formula: see text] is given: [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. The exponent [Formula: see text] is hypothetically linked to dominated local symmetry. Such a behaviour is coupled to previtreous evolution of heat capacity [Formula: see text] associated with finite temperature singularity. These lead to generalised VFT relation, for which the basic equation is retrieved. For many glass-formers, basic VFT equation may have only an effective meaning. A universal-like reliability of the Stickel operator analysis for detecting dynamic crossover phenomenon is also questioned. Notably, distortions-sensitive and derivative-based analysis focused on previtreous changes of configurational entropy and heat capacity for glycerol, ethanol and liquid crystal is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylwester J Rzoska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Starzonek
- Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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23
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Mitra S, Marín-Aguilar S, Sastry S, Smallenburg F, Foffi G. Correlation between plastic rearrangements and local structure in a cyclically driven glass. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:074503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0077851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Srikanth Sastry
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, India
| | | | - Giuseppe Foffi
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, France
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24
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Chun DJ, Oh Y, Sung BJ. Translation-rotation decoupling of tracers reflects medium-range crystalline order in two-dimensional colloid glasses. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054615. [PMID: 34942845 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic heterogeneity and the translation-rotation decoupling are the dynamic signatures of glasses and supercooled liquids. Whether and how the dynamic heterogeneity would relate to the local structure of glasses has been a puzzle for decades. In this work we perform molecular dynamics simulations for tracers in both two-dimensional polydisperse colloids (2DPC) and two-dimensional binary colloids (2DBC). In 2DPC glasses, hexatic local structures develop at low enough temperatures and grow quickly along with the dynamic correlation length of the 2DPC, which is well known as the medium-range crystalline order (MRCO). In 2DBC glasses, on the other hand, any explicit local structure has not been reported to grow significantly with the dynamic correlation length at low temperatures. We introduce two different types of tracers into colloidal systems: A diamond tracer that resembles the MRCO of 2DPC glasses and a square tracer that is dissimilar to any local structure of glasses. The translation-rotation decoupling of the diamond tracer in 2DPC glasses is much more significant than that of the square tracer in the same 2DPC glasses. On the other hand, such a tracer shape-dependence of the decoupling is not observed in 2DBC glasses where the local hexatic structure does not develop significantly. We introduce a shape-dependency parameter of the decoupling and find that the shape-dependency parameter grows along with the dynamic correlation length in 2DPC glasses but not in 2DBC glasses. This illustrates that the dynamic heterogeneity and the translation-rotation decoupling of tracers could reveal the local structure that develops in glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jae Chun
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong June Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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25
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Tah I, Sharp TA, Liu AJ, Sussman DM. Quantifying the link between local structure and cellular rearrangements using information in models of biological tissues. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10242-10253. [PMID: 33463648 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning techniques have been used to quantify the relationship between local structural features and variations in local dynamical activity in disordered glass-forming materials. To date these methods have been applied to an array of standard (Arrhenius and super-Arrhenius) glass formers, where work on "soft spots" indicates a connection between the linear vibrational response of a configuration and the energy barriers to non-linear deformations. Here we study the Voronoi model, which takes its inspiration from dense epithelial monolayers and which displays anomalous, sub-Arrhenius scaling of its dynamical relaxation time with decreasing temperature. Despite these differences, we find that the likelihood of rearrangements can nevertheless vary by several orders of magnitude within the model tissue and extract a local structural quantity, "softness," that accurately predicts the temperature dependence of the relaxation time. We use an information-theoretic measure to quantify the extent to which softness determines impending topological rearrangements; we find that softness captures nearly all of the information about rearrangements that is obtainable from structure, and that this information is large in the solid phase of the model and decreases rapidly as state variables are varied into the fluid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Tah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Tristan A Sharp
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Andrea J Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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26
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Yanagishima T, Russo J, Dullens RPA, Tanaka H. Towards Glasses with Permanent Stability. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:215501. [PMID: 34860078 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.215501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Unlike crystals, glasses age or devitrify over time, reflecting their nonequilibrium nature. This lack of stability is a serious issue in many industrial applications. Here, we show by numerical simulations that the devitrification of quasi-hard-sphere glasses is prevented by suppressing volume-fraction inhomogeneities. A monodisperse glass known to devitrify with "avalanchelike" intermittent dynamics is subjected to small iterative adjustments to particle sizes to make the local volume fractions spatially uniform. We find that this entirely prevents structural relaxation and devitrification over aging time scales, even in the presence of crystallites. There is a dramatic homogenization in the number of load-bearing nearest neighbors each particle has, indicating that ultrastable glasses may be formed via "mechanical homogenization." Our finding provides a physical principle for glass stabilization and opens a novel route to the formation of mechanically stabilized glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Yanagishima
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - John Russo
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roel P A Dullens
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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27
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Pham KH, Thuy Giap TT. The liquid-amorphous phase transition, slow dynamics and dynamical heterogeneity for bulk iron: a molecular dynamics simulation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32435-32445. [PMID: 35495543 PMCID: PMC9042048 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06394d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate the liquid-amorphous phase transition, slow dynamic and dynamical heterogeneity (DH) for bulk iron in temperatures ranging 300-2300 K. The structure of obtained models is explored through the pair radial distribution function (PRDF) and simplex statistics. It was shown that the splitting of a PRDF second peak appears when the liquid transforms to an amorphous solid. This feature is originated from the transformation of simplexes from strongly-to weakly-distorted tetrahedron type. Further, we reveal that the diffusivity in the liquid is realized through the local density fluctuations (LDF) which are strongly correlated with each other. The diffusion coefficient is found to be a product of the rate of LDF act and mean square displacement of particles per LDF act. The later quantity mainly contributes to the slow dynamics and DH in the liquid. We found that the mobile atom clusters move during relaxation time, but mobile atoms do not tend to leave their cluster. Our work is expected to contribute a pathway to determine the liquid-amorphous phase transition and DH heterogeneity of bulk metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Huu Pham
- Department of Physics, Thainguyen University of Education No. 20 Luong Ngoc Quyen Thainguyen Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi Thuy Giap
- Department of Physics, Thainguyen University of Education No. 20 Luong Ngoc Quyen Thainguyen Vietnam
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28
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Fan H, Fan Z, Liu X, Lu Z, Ma E. Atomic vibration as an indicator of the propensity for configurational rearrangements in metallic glasses. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2359-2372. [PMID: 34870291 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00491c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In a metallic glass (MG), the propensity for atomic rearrangements varies spatially from location to location in the amorphous solid, making the prediction of their likelihood a major challenge. One can attack this problem from the "structure controls properties" standpoint. But all the current structure-centric parameters are mostly based on local atomic packing information limited to short-range order, hence falling short in reliably forecasting how the local region would respond to external stimuli (e.g., temperature and/or stress). Alternatively, one can use indicators informed by physical properties to bridge the static structure on the one hand, and the response of the local configuration on the other. A sub-group of such physics-informed quantities consists of atomic vibration parameters, which will be singled out as the focus of this article. Here we use the Cu64Zr36 alloy to systematically demonstrate the following two points, all using a single model MG. First, we show in a comprehensive manner the interrelation among common vibrational parameters characterizing the atomic vibrational amplitude and frequency, including the atomic mean square displacement, flexibility volume, participation fraction in the low-frequency vibrational modes and boson peak intensity. Second, we demonstrate that these vibrational parameters fare much better than purely static structural parameters based on local geometrical packing in providing correlation with the propensity for local configurational transitions. These vibrational parameters also share a correlation length similar to that in structural rearrangements induced by external stimuli. This success, however, also poses a challenge, as it remains to be elucidated as to why short-time dynamical (vibrational) behavior at the bottom of the energy basin can be exploited to project the height of the energy barrier for cross-basin activities and in turn the propensity for locally collective atomic rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Zhao Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Xiongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhaoping Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - En Ma
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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29
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Zhang J, Zheng W, Zhang S, Xu D, Nie Y, Jiang Z, Xu N. Unifying fluctuation-dissipation temperatures of slow-evolving nonequilibrium systems from the perspective of inherent structures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6766. [PMID: 34321210 PMCID: PMC8318365 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For nonequilibrium systems, how to define temperature is one of the key and difficult issues to solve. Although effective temperatures have been proposed and studied to this end, it still remains elusive what they actually are. Here, we focus on the fluctuation-dissipation temperatures and report that such effective temperatures of slow-evolving systems represent characteristic temperatures of their equilibrium counterparts. By calculating the fluctuation-dissipation relation of inherent structures, we obtain a temperature-like quantity T IS For monocomponent crystal-formers, T IS agrees well with the crystallization temperature T c, while it matches with the onset temperature T on for glass-formers. It also agrees with effective temperatures of typical nonequilibrium systems, such as aging glasses, quasi-static shear flows, and quasi-static self-propelled flows. From the unique perspective of inherent structures, our study reveals the nature of effective temperatures and the underlying connections between nonequilibrium and equilibrium systems and confirms the equivalence between T on and T c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shiyun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ding Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yunhuan Nie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhehua Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China.
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30
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Teich EG, Galloway KL, Arratia PE, Bassett DS. Crystalline shielding mitigates structural rearrangement and localizes memory in jammed systems under oscillatory shear. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/20/eabe3392. [PMID: 33980482 PMCID: PMC8115929 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The nature of yield in amorphous materials under stress has yet to be fully elucidated. In particular, understanding how microscopic rearrangement gives rise to macroscopic structural and rheological signatures in disordered systems is vital for the prediction and characterization of yield and the study of how memory is stored in disordered materials. Here, we investigate the evolution of local structural homogeneity on an individual particle level in amorphous jammed two-dimensional (athermal) systems under oscillatory shear and relate this evolution to rearrangement, memory, and macroscale rheological measurements. We define the structural metric crystalline shielding, and show that it is predictive of rearrangement propensity and structural volatility of individual particles under shear. We use this metric to identify localized regions of the system in which the material's memory of its preparation is preserved. Our results contribute to a growing understanding of how local structure relates to dynamic response and memory in disordered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin G Teich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - K Lawrence Galloway
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paulo E Arratia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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31
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Zhai Y, Luo P, Nagao M, Nakajima K, Kikuchi T, Kawakita Y, Kienzle PA, Z Y, Faraone A. Relevance of hydrogen bonded associates to the transport properties and nanoscale dynamics of liquid and supercooled 2-propanol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7220-7232. [PMID: 33876082 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Propanol was investigated, in both the liquid and supercooled states, as a model system to study how hydrogen bonds affect the structural relaxation and the dynamics of mesoscale structures, of approximately several Ångstroms, employing static and quasi-elastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation. Dynamic neutron scattering measurements were performed over an exchanged wave-vector range encompassing the pre-peak, indicative of the presence of H-bonding associates, and the main peak. The dynamics observed at the pre-peak is associated with the formation and disaggregation of the H-bonded associates and is measured to be at least one order of magnitude slower than the dynamics at the main peak, which is identified as the structural relaxation. The measurements indicate that the macroscopic shear viscosity has a similar temperature dependence as the dynamics of the H-bonded associates, which highlights the important role played by these structures, together with the structural relaxation, in defining the macroscopic rheological properties of the system. Importantly, the characteristic relaxation time at the pre-peak follows an Arrhenius temperature dependence whereas at the main peak it exhibits a non-Arrhenius behavior on approaching the supercooled state. The origin of this differing behavior is attributed to an increased structuring of the hydrophobic domains of 2-propanol accommodating a more and more encompassing H-bond network, and a consequent set in of dynamic cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Zhai
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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32
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Balbuena C, Mariel Gianetti M, Rodolfo Soulé E. A structural study and its relation to dynamic heterogeneity in a polymer glass former. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3503-3512. [PMID: 33662077 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between structure and dynamical behavior (super-Arrhenius temperature dependence of relaxation time accompanied by heterogeneous dynamics) in glassy materials remains an open issue in the physics of condensed matter. The question of whether this dynamic phenomena have a thermodynamic origin or not still remains unanswered. In this work we analyze several dynamic and structural parameters in a polymer glass-former by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The results obtained in this work indicate that the structure does affect dynamic behavior, whereas structural conditioning becomes noticeable below the temperature at which the non-Arrhenius behavior manifests and increases as the system approaches the glass transition temperature. Moreover, we observed that the short-range order parameters are related to local dynamics at the single-particle level. These results reinforce the idea of a connection between the structure and dynamics and that could indicate the thermodynamic nature of glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Balbuena
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET), J. B. Justo 4302, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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33
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Ikeda H, Miyazaki K, Yoshino H, Ikeda A. Multiple glass transitions and higher-order replica symmetry breaking of binary mixtures. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:022613. [PMID: 33736072 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.022613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We extend the replica liquid theory in order to describe the multiple glass transitions of binary mixtures with large size disparities, by taking into account the two-step replica symmetry breaking (2RSB). We determine the glass phase diagram of the mixture of large and small particles in the large-dimension limit where the mean-field theory becomes exact. When the size ratio of particles is beyond a critical value, the theory predicts three distinct glass phases; (i) the one-step replica symmetery breaking (1RSB) double glass where both components vitrify simultaneously, (ii) the 1RSB single glass where only large particles are frozen while small particles remain mobile, and (iii) a glass phase called the 2RSB double glass where both components vitrify simultaneously but with an energy landscape topography distinct from the 1RSB double glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harukuni Ikeda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Yoshino
- Cybermedia Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atushi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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34
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Schlenoff JB, Akkaoui K. Dissecting Dynamics Near the Glass Transition Using Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Khalil Akkaoui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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35
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Tan X, Guo Y, Huang D, Zhang L. A structural approach to vibrational properties ranging from crystals to disordered systems. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1330-1336. [PMID: 33315036 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01989e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many scientists generally attribute the vibrational anomalies of disordered solids to the structural disorder, which, however, is still under intense debate. Here we conduct simulations on two-dimensional packings with a finite temperature, whose structure is tuned from a crystalline configuration to an amorphous one, then the amorphous from very dense state to a relatively loose state. By measuring the vibrational density of states and the reduced density of states, we clearly observe the evolution of the boson peak with the change of the disorder and volume fractions. Meanwhile, to understand the structural origin of this anomaly, we identify the soft regimes of all systems with a novel machine-learning method, where the "softness", a local structural quantity, is defined. Interestingly, we find a strong monotonic relationship between the shape of the boson peak and the softness as well as its spatial heterogeneity, suggesting that the softness of a system may be a new structural approach to the anomalous vibrational properties of amorphous solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Duan Huang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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36
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Duan Y, Hou Z, Zong Y, Ye F, Zhao K. Dynamic heterogeneity flow promotes binding reactions in a dense system of hard annular sector particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3581-3587. [PMID: 33514954 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05757f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We perform molecular dynamics simulations on a system of hard annular sector particles (ASPs) to investigate the reaction-dynamics relationship. The dimerization reaction zone, mixing reaction zone including dimerization and n-merization (n > 2), and arrested region are observed successively as area fraction φA increases from low to high. In this work, we focus on the properties of the concentrated arrested region (φA≥ 0.400). The results show that for systems at φA≥ 0.400, the ratio of n-merization increases with φA and n-merization finally becomes the dominant reaction in the system; dynamic heterogeneity (DH) is observed and is demonstrated to originate from the divergent size of clusters consisting of high-mobility particles; the particles with a high translational or rotational mobility are found to have a high ability to react with other particles at φA > 0.400; more interestingly, binding reactions are found to correlate spatially with DH at φA > 0.400. Our work sheds new light on understanding the role of DH in binding reactions or specific-site recognition assembly in a crowded environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Duan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
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37
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Ghoshal D, Joy A. Connecting relaxation time to a dynamical length scale in athermal active glass formers. Phys Rev E 2021; 102:062605. [PMID: 33465951 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.062605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Supercooled liquids display dynamics that are inherently heterogeneous in space. This essentially means that at temperatures below the melting point, particle dynamics in certain regions of the liquid can be orders of magnitude faster than other regions. Often dubbed dynamical heterogeneity, this behavior has fascinated researchers involved in the study of glass transition for over two decades. A fundamentally important question in all glass transition studies is whether one can connect the growing relaxation time to a concomitantly growing length scale. In this paper, we go beyond the realm of ordinary glass forming liquids and study the origin of a growing dynamical length scale ξ in a self-propelled "active" glass former. This length scale, which is constructed using structural correlations, agrees well with the average size of the clusters of slow-moving particles that are formed as the liquid becomes spatially heterogeneous. We further report that the concomitantly growing α-relaxation time exhibits a simple scaling law, τ_{α}∼exp(μξ/T_{eff}), with μ as an effective chemical potential, T_{eff} as the effective temperature, and μξ as the growing free energy barrier for cluster rearrangements. The findings of our study are valid over four decades of persistence times, and hence they could be very useful in understanding the slow dynamics of a generic active liquid such as an active colloidal suspension, or a self-propelled granular medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Ghoshal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Ashwin Joy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
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38
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Zheng Z, Ni R, Wang Y, Han Y. Translational and rotational critical-like behaviors in the glass transition of colloidal ellipsoid monolayers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/3/eabd1958. [PMID: 33523902 PMCID: PMC7810379 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Critical-like behaviors have been found in translational degrees of freedom near the glass transition of spherical particle systems mainly with local polycrystalline structures, but it is not clear if criticality exists in more general glassy systems composed of nonspherical particles without crystalline structures. Here, through experiments and simulations, we show critical-like behaviors in both translational and rotational degrees of freedom in monolayers of monodisperse colloidal ellipsoids in the absence of crystalline orders. We find rich features of the Ising-like criticality in structure and slow dynamics at the ideal glass transition point ϕ0, showing the thermodynamic nature of glass transition at ϕ0 A dynamic criticality is found at the mode-coupling critical point ϕc for the fast-moving clusters whose critical exponents increase linearly with fragility, reflecting a dynamic glass transition. These results cast light on the glass transition and explain the mystery that the dynamic correlation lengths diverge at two different temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Zheng
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Ni
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yuren Wang
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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39
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Diaz Vela D, Simmons DS. The microscopic origins of stretched exponential relaxation in two model glass-forming liquids as probed by simulations in the isoconfigurational ensemble. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:234503. [PMID: 33353315 DOI: 10.1063/5.0035609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of stretched exponential relaxation in supercooled glass-forming liquids is one of the central questions regarding the anomalous dynamics of these fluids. The dominant explanation for this phenomenon has long been the proposition that spatial averaging over a heterogeneous distribution of locally exponential relaxation processes leads to stretching. Here, we perform simulations of model polymeric and small-molecule glass-formers in the isoconfigurational ensemble to show that stretching instead emerges from a combination of spatial averaging and locally nonexponential relaxation. The results indicate that localities in the fluid exhibiting faster-than-average relaxation tend to exhibit locally stretched relaxation, whereas slower-than-average relaxing domains exhibit more compressed relaxation. We show that local stretching is predicted by loose local caging, as measured by the Debye-Waller factor, and vice versa. This phenomenology in the local relaxation of in-equilibrium glasses parallels the dynamics of out of equilibrium under-dense and over-dense glasses, which likewise exhibit an asymmetry in their degree of stretching vs compression. On the basis of these results, we hypothesize that local stretching and compression in equilibrium glass-forming liquids results from evolution of particle mobilities over a single local relaxation time, with slower particles tending toward acceleration and vice versa. In addition to providing new insight into the origins of stretched relaxation, these results have implications for the interpretation of stretching exponents as measured via metrologies such as dielectric spectroscopy: measured stretching exponents cannot universally be interpreted as a direct measure of the breadth of an underlying distribution of relaxation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Diaz Vela
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - David S Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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40
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Egami T, Ryu CW. Why Is the Range of Timescale So Wide in Glass-Forming Liquid? Front Chem 2020; 8:579169. [PMID: 33134277 PMCID: PMC7550744 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.579169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscosity and the relaxation time of a glass-forming liquid vary over 15 orders of magnitude before the liquid freezes into a glass. The rate of the change with temperature is characterized by liquid fragility. The mechanism of such a spectacular behavior and the origin of fragility have long been discussed, but it remains unresolved because of the difficulty of carrying out experiments and constructing theories that bridge over a wide timescale from atomic (ps) to bulk (minutes). Through the x-ray diffraction measurement and molecular dynamics simulation for metallic liquids we suggest that large changes in viscosity can be caused by relatively small changes in the structural coherence which characterizes the medium-range order. Here the structural coherence does not imply that of atomic-scale structure, but it relates to the coarse-grained density fluctuations represented by the peaks in the pair-distribution function (PDF) beyond the nearest neighbors. The coherence length is related to fragility and increases with decreasing temperature, and it diverges only at a negative temperature. This analysis is compared with several current theories which predict a phase transition near the glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Egami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shull-Wollan Center - Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Materials Sciences and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Chae Woo Ryu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shull-Wollan Center - Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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42
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Pattern detection in colloidal assembly: A mosaic of analysis techniques. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102252. [PMID: 32971396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the morphology, identification of patterns and quantification of order encountered in colloidal assemblies is essential for several reasons. First of all, it is useful to compare different self-assembly methods and assess the influence of different process parameters on the final colloidal pattern. In addition, casting light on the structures formed by colloidal particles can help to get better insight into colloidal interactions and understand phase transitions. Finally, the growing interest in colloidal assemblies in materials science for practical applications going from optoelectronics to biosensing imposes a thorough characterization of the morphology of colloidal assemblies because of the intimate relationship between morphology and physical properties (e.g. optical and mechanical) of a material. Several image analysis techniques developed to investigate images (acquired via scanning electron microscopy, digital video microscopy and other imaging methods) provide variegated and complementary information on the colloidal structures under scrutiny. However, understanding how to use such image analysis tools to get information on the characteristics of the colloidal assemblies may represent a non-trivial task, because it requires the combination of approaches drawn from diverse disciplines such as image processing, computational geometry and computational topology and their application to a primarily physico-chemical process. Moreover, the lack of a systematic description of such analysis tools makes it difficult to select the ones more suitable for the features of the colloidal assembly under examination. In this review we provide a methodical and extensive description of real-space image analysis tools by explaining their principles and their application to the investigation of two-dimensional colloidal assemblies with different morphological characteristics.
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43
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Lehmkühler F, Hankiewicz B, Schroer MA, Müller L, Ruta B, Sheyfer D, Sprung M, Tono K, Katayama T, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Gutt C, Grübel G. Slowing down of dynamics and orientational order preceding crystallization in hard-sphere systems. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/43/eabc5916. [PMID: 33087351 PMCID: PMC7577711 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive studies in the past decades, the local structure of disordered matter remains widely unknown. We show the results of a coherent x-ray scattering study revealing higher-order correlations in dense colloidal hard-sphere systems in the vicinity of their crystallization and glass transition. With increasing volume fraction, we observe a strong increase in correlations at both medium-range and next-neighbor distances in the supercooled state, both invisible to conventional scattering techniques. Next-neighbor correlations are indicative of ordered precursor clusters preceding crystallization. Furthermore, the increase in such correlations is accompanied by a marked slowing down of the dynamics, proving experimentally a direct relation between orientational order and sample dynamics in a soft matter system. In contrast, correlations continuously increase for nonequilibrated, glassy samples, suggesting that orientational order is reached before the sample slows down to reach (quasi-)equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Hankiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonard Müller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Ruta
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Dina Sheyfer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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44
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Matsunaga S. The Structure and proton conduction of inorganic acid Cs2(HSO4)(H2PO4) in molten and glass states: a molecular dynamics study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1820002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Matsunaga
- Division of General Education, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, Nagaoka, Japan
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45
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Xu D, Lu Y, Luo C. Pathway of orientational symmetry breaking in crystallization of short n-alkane droplets: A molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084903. [PMID: 32872849 DOI: 10.1063/5.0016350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We carry out molecular dynamics simulations by using an all-atom model to study the nucleation and crystallization of n-alkane droplets under three-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional conditions. We focus on the development of orientational order of chains from a random state to a neatly ordered one. Two new methods, the map of symmetry breaking and the information entropy of chain orientations, are introduced to characterize the emerge and remelting phenomena of a primary nucleus at the early stage of crystallization. Stepwise nucleation, as well as the surface induced nucleation, of large droplets is observed. We elucidate the kinetic process of the formation of a primary nucleus and the rearrangement of every single molecule involved in a primary nucleus. We found that density fluctuation and orientational preordering are coupled together and occur simultaneously in nucleation. Our results show the pathway of orientational symmetry breaking in the crystallization of n-alkane droplets that are heuristic for the deeper understanding of the crystallization in more complex molecules such as polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
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46
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Bell IH, Dyre JC, Ingebrigtsen TS. Excess-entropy scaling in supercooled binary mixtures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4300. [PMID: 32855393 PMCID: PMC7453028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport coefficients, such as viscosity or diffusion coefficient, show significant dependence on density or temperature near the glass transition. Although several theories have been proposed for explaining this dynamical slowdown, the origin remains to date elusive. We apply here an excess-entropy scaling strategy using molecular dynamics computer simulations and find a quasiuniversal, almost composition-independent, relation for binary mixtures, extending eight orders of magnitude in viscosity or diffusion coefficient. Metallic alloys are also well captured by this relation. The excess-entropy scaling predicts a quasiuniversal breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation between viscosity and diffusion coefficient in the supercooled regime. Additionally, we find evidence that quasiuniversality extends beyond binary mixtures, and that the origin is difficult to explain using existing arguments for single-component quasiuniversality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Bell
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Jeppe C Dyre
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Postbox 260, Roskilde, DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Trond S Ingebrigtsen
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Postbox 260, Roskilde, DK-4000, Denmark.
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47
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Li K, Xu G, Liu X, Gong F. Deformation Behavior of Glass Nanostructures in Hot Embossing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36311-36319. [PMID: 32702233 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In the nanoscale glass formation, the flow and deformation behavior of glass materials are quite different from those in the macroscale because the mold cavity influences the viscous flow behaviors of glass because of the size effect. The knowledge of macroglass molding process no longer applies to the fabrication of glass microparts by hot embossing. To investigate the size effect of the mold cavity on glass flow behavior during squeeze flow, patterned molds with different length scales and shapes were used for glass embossing. The experimental results demonstrated that glass structures with ultrafine and atomic scale surface could be fabricated by using precision embossing. The nanostructures of embossed glass at 100 and 500 nm wide cavity were found to exhibit nanoscale effect during squeeze flow. Molecular confinement accelerates the tectonic deformation of embossed glass at smaller length scales. At the microscale filling, the tectonic deformation of embossed glass is mainly dominated by elastic recovery, surface tension, hydrostatic pressure, and viscous flow. As the length scale reduces to submicron, the dual-peak filling mode gradually transfers to the single-peak filling mode. Additionally, deformation modes have little influence on the shapes of the mold cavity. This work sheds light on the fabrication of glass nano/microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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48
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Yu JW, Rahbari SHE, Kawasaki T, Park H, Lee WB. Active microrheology of a bulk metallic glass. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba8766. [PMID: 32832632 PMCID: PMC7439307 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba8766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The glass transition remains unclarified in condensed matter physics. Investigating the mechanical properties of glass is challenging because any global deformation that might result in shear rejuvenation would require a prohibitively long relaxation time. Moreover, glass is well known to be heterogeneous, and a global perturbation would prevent exploration of local mechanical/transport properties. However, investigation based on a local probe, i.e., microrheology, may overcome these problems. Here, we establish active microrheology of a bulk metallic glass, via a probe particle driven into host medium glass. This technique is amenable to experimental investigations via nanoindentation tests. We provide distinct evidence of a strong relationship between the microscopic dynamics of the probe particle and the macroscopic properties of the host medium glass. These findings establish active microrheology as a promising technique for investigating the local properties of bulk metallic glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Yu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - S. H. E. Rahbari
- School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - Takeshi Kawasaki
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hyunggyu Park
- School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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49
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Scaling of relaxation and excess entropy in plastically deformed amorphous solids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11887-11893. [PMID: 32430317 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000698117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When stressed sufficiently, solid materials yield and deform plastically via reorganization of microscopic constituents. Indeed, it is possible to alter the microstructure of materials by judicious application of stress, an empirical process utilized in practice to enhance the mechanical properties of metals. Understanding the interdependence of plastic flow and microscopic structure in these nonequilibrium states, however, remains a major challenge. Here, we experimentally investigate this relationship, between the relaxation dynamics and microscopic structure of disordered colloidal solids during plastic deformation. We apply oscillatory shear to solid colloidal monolayers and study their particle trajectories as a function of shear rate in the plastic regime. Under these circumstances, the strain rate, the relaxation rate associated with plastic flow, and the sample microscopic structure oscillate together, but with different phases. Interestingly, the experiments reveal that the relaxation rate associated with plastic flow at time t is correlated with the strain rate and sample microscopic structure measured at earlier and later times, respectively. The relaxation rate, in this nonstationary condition, exhibits power-law, shear-thinning behavior and scales exponentially with sample excess entropy. Thus, measurement of sample static structure (excess entropy) provides insight about both strain rate and constituent rearrangement dynamics in the sample at earlier times.
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50
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Szulc A, Gat O, Regev I. Forced deterministic dynamics on a random energy landscape: Implications for the physics of amorphous solids. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:052616. [PMID: 32575307 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.052616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of supercooled liquids and plastically deformed amorphous solids is known to be dominated by the structure of their rough energy landscapes. Recent experiments and simulations on amorphous solids subjected to oscillatory shear at athermal conditions have shown that for small strain amplitudes these systems reach limit cycles of different periodicities after a transient. However, for larger strain amplitudes the transients become longer and for strain amplitudes exceeding a critical value the system reaches a diffusive steady state. This behavior cannot be explained using the current mean-field models of amorphous plasticity. Here we show that this phenomenology can be described and explained using a simple model of forced dynamics on a multidimensional random energy landscape. In this model, the existence of limit cycles can be ascribed to confinement of the dynamics to a small part of the energy landscape which leads to self-intersection of state-space trajectories and the transition to the diffusive regime for larger forcing amplitudes occurs when the forcing overcomes this confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Szulc
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Omri Gat
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ido Regev
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
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