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Bu K, Hu Q, Qi X, Wang D, Guo S, Luo H, Lin T, Guo X, Zeng Q, Ding Y, Huang F, Yang W, Mao HK, Lü X. Nested order-disorder framework containing a crystalline matrix with self-filled amorphous-like innards. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4650. [PMID: 35945215 PMCID: PMC9363411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solids can be generally categorized by their structures into crystalline and amorphous states with different interactions among atoms dictating their properties. Crystalline-amorphous hybrid structures, combining the advantages of both ordered and disordered components, present a promising opportunity to design materials with emergent collective properties. Hybridization of crystalline and amorphous structures at the sublattice level with long-range periodicity has been rarely observed. Here, we report a nested order-disorder framework (NOF) constructed by a crystalline matrix with self-filled amorphous-like innards that is obtained by using pressure to regulate the bonding hierarchy of Cu12Sb4S13. Combined in situ experimental and computational methods demonstrate the formation of disordered Cu sublattice which is embedded in the retained crystalline Cu framework. Such a NOF structure gives a low thermal conductivity (~0.24 W·m-1·K-1) and a metallic electrical conductivity (8 × 10-6 Ω·m), realizing the collaborative improvement of two competing physical properties. These findings demonstrate a category of solid-state materials to link the crystalline and amorphous forms in the sublattice-scale, which will exhibit extraordinary properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Bu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qingyang Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaohuan Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Songhao Guo
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tianquan Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Alexandra Navrotsky Institute for Experimental Thermodynamics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Qiaoshi Zeng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Wenge Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ho-Kwang Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xujie Lü
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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2
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Zhu SC, Huang ZB, Hu Q, Xu L. Pressure tuned incommensurability and guest structure transition in compressed scandium from machine learning atomic simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7007-7013. [PMID: 35254347 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05803g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Scandium (Sc) is the lightest non-main-group element and transforms to a host-guest (H-G) incommensurate structure under gigapascal (GPa) pressures. While the host structure is stable over a wide pressure range, the guest structure may exist in multiple forms, featuring different incommensurate ratios, and mixing up to generate long-range "disordered" guest structures. Here, we employed the recently developed global neural network (g-NN) potential and the stochastic surface walking (SSW) global optimization algorithm to explore the global potential energy surface of Sc under various pressures. We probe the global minima structure in a system made of hundreds of atoms and revealed that the solid-phase transition between Sc-I and H-G Sc-II phases is fully reconstructive in nature. Above 62.5 GPa, the pressure will further destabilize the face-centered tetragonal (fct, Sc-IIa) guest structure to a body-centered tetragonal phase (bct, Sc-IIb), while sustaining the host structure. The structural transition mechanism of this work will shed light on the nature of the complex H-G structural modifications in compressed metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Cai Zhu
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Zhen-Bo Huang
- School of Materials, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Qingyang Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
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3
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McMahon MI. Probing extreme states of matter using ultra-intense x-ray radiation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:043001. [PMID: 33725673 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abef26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extreme states of matter, that is, matter at extremes of density (pressure) and temperature, can be created in the laboratory either statically or dynamically. In the former, the pressure-temperature state can be maintained for relatively long periods of time, but the sample volume is necessarily extremely small. When the extreme states are generated dynamically, the sample volumes can be larger, but the pressure-temperature conditions are maintained for only short periods of time (ps toμs). In either case, structural information can be obtained from the extreme states by the use of x-ray scattering techniques, but the x-ray beam must be extremely intense in order to obtain sufficient signal from the extremely-small or short-lived sample. In this article I describe the use of x-ray diffraction at synchrotrons and XFELs to investigate how crystal structures evolve as a function of density and temperature. After a brief historical introduction, I describe the developments made at the Synchrotron Radiation Source in the 1990s which enabled the almost routine determination of crystal structure at high pressures, while also revealing that the structural behaviour of materials was much more complex than previously believed. I will then describe how these techniques are used at the current generation of synchrotron and XFEL sources, and then discuss how they might develop further in the future at the next generation of x-ray lightsources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I McMahon
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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4
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Drewitt JWE. Liquid structure under extreme conditions: high-pressure x-ray diffraction studies. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:503004. [PMID: 34544063 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Under extreme conditions of high pressure and temperature, liquids can undergo substantial structural transformations as their atoms rearrange to minimise energy within a more confined volume. Understanding the structural response of liquids under extreme conditions is important across a variety of disciplines, from fundamental physics and exotic chemistry to materials and planetary science.In situexperiments and atomistic simulations can provide crucial insight into the nature of liquid-liquid phase transitions and the complex phase diagrams and melting relations of high-pressure materials. Structural changes in natural magmas at the high-pressures experienced in deep planetary interiors can have a profound impact on their physical properties, knowledge of which is important to inform geochemical models of magmatic processes. Generating the extreme conditions required to melt samples at high-pressure, whilst simultaneously measuring their liquid structure, is a considerable challenge. The measurement, analysis, and interpretation of structural data is further complicated by the inherent disordered nature of liquids at the atomic-scale. However, recent advances in high-pressure technology mean that liquid diffraction measurements are becoming more routinely feasible at synchrotron facilities around the world. This topical review examines methods for high pressure synchrotron x-ray diffraction of liquids and the wide variety of systems which have been studied by them, from simple liquid metals and their remarkable complex behaviour at high-pressure, to molecular-polymeric liquid-liquid transitions in pnicogen and chalcogen liquids, and density-driven structural transformations in water and silicate melts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W E Drewitt
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, H H Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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5
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Peña-Alvarez M, Binns J, Martinez-Canales M, Monserrat B, Ackland GJ, Dalladay-Simpson P, Howie RT, Pickard CJ, Gregoryanz E. Synthesis of Weaire-Phelan Barium Polyhydride. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4910-4916. [PMID: 34008402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By combining pressures up to 50 GPa and temperatures of 1200 K, we synthesize the novel barium hydride, Ba8H46, stable down to 27 GPa. We use Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and first-principles calculations to determine that this compound adopts a highly symmetric Pm3¯n structure with an unusual 534:1 hydrogen-to-barium ratio. This singular stoichiometry corresponds to the well-defined type-I clathrate geometry. This clathrate consists of a Weaire-Phelan hydrogen structure with the barium atoms forming a topologically close-packed phase. In particular, the structure is formed by H20 and H24 clathrate cages showing substantially weakened H-H interactions. Density functional theory (DFT) demonstrates that cubic Pm3¯n Ba8H46 requires dynamical effects to stabilize the H20 and H24 clathrate cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peña-Alvarez
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, U.K
| | - Jack Binns
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 100094, P.R. China
| | - Miguel Martinez-Canales
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, U.K
| | - Bartomeu Monserrat
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Graeme J Ackland
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, U.K
| | - Philip Dalladay-Simpson
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 100094, P.R. China
| | - Ross T Howie
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 100094, P.R. China
| | - Chris J Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, U.K
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 100094, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, CAS, Hefei 230031, P.R. China
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6
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Kaußler C, Kieslich G. crystIT: complexity and configurational entropy of crystal structures via information theory. J Appl Crystallogr 2021; 54:306-316. [PMID: 33833655 PMCID: PMC7941303 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720016386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The information content of a crystal structure as conceived by information theory has recently proved an intriguing approach to calculate the complexity of a crystal structure within a consistent concept. Given the relatively young nature of the field, theory development is still at the core of ongoing research efforts. This work provides an update to the current theory, enabling the complexity analysis of crystal structures with partial occupancies as frequently found in disordered systems. To encourage wider application and further theory development, the updated formulas are incorporated into crystIT (crystal structure and information theory), an open-source Python-based program that allows for calculating various complexity measures of crystal structures based on a standardized *.cif file.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Kaußler
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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7
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Fromm KM. Chemistry of alkaline earth metals: It is not all ionic and definitely not boring! Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Tse JS. A chemical perspective on high pressure crystal structures and properties. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:149-169. [PMID: 34692029 PMCID: PMC8289026 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The general availability of third generation synchrotron sources has ushered in a new era of high pressure research. The crystal structure of materials under compression can now be determined by X-ray diffraction using powder samples and, more recently, from multi-nano single crystal diffraction. Concurrently, these experimental advancements are accompanied by a rapid increase in computational capacity and capability, enabling the application of sophisticated quantum calculations to explore a variety of material properties. One of the early surprises is the finding that simple metallic elements do not conform to the general expectation of adopting 3D close-pack structures at high pressure. Instead, many novel open structures have been identified with no known analogues at ambient pressure. The occurrence of these structural types appears to be random with no rules governing their formation. The adoption of an open structure at high pressure suggested the presence of directional bonds. Therefore, a localized atomic hybrid orbital description of the chemical bonding may be appropriate. Here, the theoretical foundation and experimental evidence supporting this approach to the elucidation of the high pressure crystal structures of group I and II elements and polyhydrides are reviewed. It is desirable and advantageous to extend and apply established chemical principles to the study of the chemistry and chemical bonding of materials at high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Tse
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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9
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Turnbull R, Hanfland M, Binns J, Martinez-Canales M, Frost M, Marqués M, Howie RT, Gregoryanz E. Unusually complex phase of dense nitrogen at extreme conditions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4717. [PMID: 30413685 PMCID: PMC6226474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen exhibits an exceptional polymorphism under extreme conditions, making it unique amongst the elemental diatomics and a valuable testing system for experiment-theory comparison. Despite attracting considerable attention, the structures of many high-pressure nitrogen phases still require unambiguous determination. Here, we report the structure of the elusive high-pressure high-temperature polymorph ι–N2 at 56 GPa and ambient temperature, determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and investigate its properties using ab initio simulations. We find that ι–N2 is characterised by an extraordinarily large unit cell containing 48 N2 molecules. Geometry optimisation favours the experimentally determined structure and density functional theory calculations find ι–N2 to have the lowest enthalpy of the molecular nitrogen polymorphs that exist between 30 and 60 GPa. The results demonstrate that very complex structures, similar to those previously only observed in metallic elements, can become energetically favourable in molecular systems at extreme pressures and temperatures. Nitrogen has a complex phase diagram with rich polymorphism, which is challenging to characterize due to the extreme conditions and uncertain stability ranges needed to do so. Here the authors resolve one of the most elusive phases of this model system, reporting a crystalline structure with unusual complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Turnbull
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Jack Binns
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Miguel Martinez-Canales
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mungo Frost
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Miriam Marqués
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ross T Howie
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.
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10
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Ćirković MM. Woodpeckers and Diamonds: Some Aspects of Evolutionary Convergence in Astrobiology. ASTROBIOLOGY 2018; 18:491-502. [PMID: 29676927 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2017.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Jared Diamond's argument against extraterrestrial intelligence from evolutionary contingency is subjected to critical scrutiny. As with the earlier arguments of George Gaylord Simpson, it contains critical loopholes that lead to its unraveling. From the point of view of the contemporary debates about biological evolution, perhaps the most contentious aspect of such arguments is their atemporal and gradualist usage of the space of all possible biological forms (morphospace). Such usage enables the translation of the adaptive value of a trait into the probability of its evolving. This procedure, it is argued, is dangerously misleading. Contra Diamond, there are reasons to believe that convergence not only plays an important role in the history of life, but also profoundly improves the prospects for search for extraterrestrial intelligence success. Some further considerations about the role of observation selection effects and our scaling of complexity in the great debate about contingency and convergence are given. Taken together, these considerations militate against the pessimism of Diamond's conclusion, and suggest that the search for traces and manifestations of extraterrestrial intelligences is far from forlorn. Key Words: Astrobiology-Evolution-Contingency-Convergence-Complex life-SETI-Major evolutionary transitions-Selection effects-Jared Diamond. Astrobiology 18, 491-502.
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11
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Arakcheeva A, Bykov M, Bykova E, Dubrovinsky L, Pattison P, Dmitriev V, Chapuis G. Incommensurate atomic density waves in the high-pressure IVb phase of barium. IUCRJ 2017; 4:152-157. [PMID: 28250954 PMCID: PMC5330526 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252517000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The host-guest structures of elements at high pressure discovered a decade ago still leave many open questions due to the lack of precise models based on full exploitation of the diffraction data. This concerns in particular Ba IV, which is stable in the range 12-45 GPa. With the example of phase Ba IVb, which is characterized here for the first time, a systematic analysis is presented of possible host-guest structure models based on high-quality single-crystal diffraction data obtained with synchrotron radiation at six different pressures between 16.5 and 19.6 GPa. It is shown that a new incommensurately modulated (IM) structure model better fits the experimental data. Unlike the composite models which are commonly reported for the Ba IV phases, the IM model reveals a density wave and its pressure-dependent evolution. The crucial role played by the selected model in the interpretation of structure evolution under pressure is discussed. The findings give a new experimental basis for a better understanding of the nature of host-guest structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Arakcheeva
- Phase Solutions Co Ltd, ch. des Mésanges 7, Lausanne 1012, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Complexe, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Maxim Bykov
- Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (BGI), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Elena Bykova
- Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (BGI), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Leonid Dubrovinsky
- Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (BGI), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Phil Pattison
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, IPSB, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss–Norwegian Beamlines, ESRF, avenue des Martyrs 71, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Vladimir Dmitriev
- Swiss–Norwegian Beamlines, ESRF, avenue des Martyrs 71, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Gervais Chapuis
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, IPSB, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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12
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Woodall CH, Christensen J, Skelton JM, Hatcher LE, Parlett A, Raithby PR, Walsh A, Parker SC, Beavers CM, Teat SJ, Intissar M, Reber C, Allan DR. Observation of a re-entrant phase transition in the molecular complex tris(μ 2-3,5-diiso-propyl-1,2,4-triazolato-κ 2N1: N2)trigold(I) under high pressure. IUCRJ 2016; 3:367-376. [PMID: 28461897 PMCID: PMC5391858 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252516013129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a molecular crystal that exhibits four successive phase transitions under hydro-static pressure, driven by aurophilic interactions, with the ground-state structure re-emerging at high pressure. The effect of pressure on two polytypes of tris(μ2-3,5-diiso-propyl-1,2,4-triazolato-κ2N1:N2)trigold(I) (denoted Form-I and Form-II) has been analysed using luminescence spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and first-principles computation. A unique phase behaviour was observed in Form-I, with a complex sequence of phase transitions between 1 and 3.5 GPa. The ambient C2/c mother cell transforms to a P21/n phase above 1 GPa, followed by a P21/a phase above 2 GPa and a large-volume C2/c supercell at 2.70 GPa, with the previously observed P21/n phase then reappearing at higher pressure. The observation of crystallographically identical low- and high-pressure P21/n phases makes this a rare example of a re-entrant phase transformation. The phase behaviour has been characterized using detailed crystallographic theory and modelling, and rationalized in terms of molecular structural distortions. The dramatic changes in conformation are correlated with shifts of the luminescence maxima, from a band maximum at 14040 cm-1 at 2.40 GPa, decreasing steeply to 13550 cm-1 at 3 GPa. A similar study of Form-II displays more conventional crystallographic behaviour, indicating that the complex behaviour observed in Form-I is likely to be a direct consequence of the differences in crystal packing between the two polytypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeppe Christensen
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew Parlett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Paul R. Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Christine M. Beavers
- Station 11.3.1, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Simon J. Teat
- Station 11.3.1, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mourad Intissar
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christian Reber
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - David R. Allan
- Station I19, Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
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13
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Zurek E. Discovering New Materials via A PrioriCrystal Structure Prediction. REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119148739.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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14
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Korzhenevskii AL, Dmitriev V. Strain induced incommensurate structures in vicinity of reconstructive phase transitions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:375401. [PMID: 26325442 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/37/375401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
General conditions controlling the formation of incommensurate phases in crystals undergoing reconstructive phase transitions are analyzed in the framework of a model-free phenomenological approach. A universal trend to stabilizing such intermediate phases in the vicinity of reconstructive phase transitions stems from the fact that certain high-order improper Lifshitz invariants reduce at such transformations to ones bi-linearly coupling critical displacement gradients and strains or even to the proper Lifshitz invariant. The approach developed here introduces a universal mechanism for the formation both of premartensite incommensurate phases and complex structures with giant unit cells, as found in some elemental crystals at high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Korzhenevskii
- Institute for Problems of Mechanical Engineering, RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Pressure-induced normal-incommensurate and incommensurate-commensurate phase transitions in CrOCl. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9647. [PMID: 25999303 PMCID: PMC4440982 DOI: 10.1038/srep09647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-pressure behavior of layered CrOCl is shown to be governed by non-bonded interactions between chlorine atoms in relation to a rigid framework composed of Cr and O atoms. The competition between optimizing intra- and interlayer Cl–Cl distances and the general trend towards denser packing defines a novel mechanism for high-pressure phase transitions of inorganic materials. CrOCl possesses an incommensurate phase for 16–51 GPa. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell provides an accurate description of the evolution of the incommensurate wave with pressure. It thus demonstrates a continuous increase of the amplitude up to 30 GPa, followed by a decrease of the wavelength until a lock-in transition occurs at 51 GPa.
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16
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Chen X, Weathers A, Carrete J, Mukhopadhyay S, Delaire O, Stewart DA, Mingo N, Girard SN, Ma J, Abernathy DL, Yan J, Sheshka R, Sellan DP, Meng F, Jin S, Zhou J, Shi L. Twisting phonons in complex crystals with quasi-one-dimensional substructures. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6723. [PMID: 25872781 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of crystals contain quasi-one-dimensional substructures, which yield distinctive electronic, spintronic, optical and thermoelectric properties. There is a lack of understanding of the lattice dynamics that influences the properties of such complex crystals. Here we employ inelastic neutron scatting measurements and density functional theory calculations to show that numerous low-energy optical vibrational modes exist in higher manganese silicides, an example of such crystals. These optical modes, including unusually low-frequency twisting motions of the Si ladders inside the Mn chimneys, provide a large phase space for scattering acoustic phonons. A hybrid phonon and diffuson model is proposed to explain the low and anisotropic thermal conductivity of higher manganese silicides and to evaluate nanostructuring as an approach to further suppress the thermal conductivity and enhance the thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency. This discovery offers new insights into the structure-property relationships of a broad class of materials with quasi-one-dimensional substructures for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Annie Weathers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jesús Carrete
- Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les Nanomatériaux, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique Grenoble, Grenoble 38054, France
| | | | - Olivier Delaire
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Derek A Stewart
- Cornell Nanoscale Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Natalio Mingo
- Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les Nanomatériaux, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique Grenoble, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Steven N Girard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Douglas L Abernathy
- Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Yan
- 1] Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Raman Sheshka
- Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les Nanomatériaux, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique Grenoble, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Daniel P Sellan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Fei Meng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jianshi Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Li Shi
- 1] Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA [2] Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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17
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McMahon MI. High-pressure X-ray science on the ultimate storage ring. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:1077-1083. [PMID: 25177996 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577514012855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the ESRF, APS and SPring-8 third-generation synchrotron sources in the mid-1990s heralded a golden age of high-pressure X-ray science. The high-energy monochromatic micro-focused X-ray beams from these storage rings, combined with the new high-pressure diffraction and spectroscopy techniques developed in the late 1980s, meant that researchers were immediately able to make detailed structural studies at pressures comparable with those at the centre of the Earth, studies that were simply not possible only five years previously. And new techniques, such as X-ray inelastic scattering and X-ray nuclear scattering, became possible at high pressure for the first time, providing wholly-new insight into the behaviour of materials at high densities. The arrival of new diffraction-limited storage rings, with their much greater brightness, and ability to achieve focal-spot diameters for high-energy X-ray beams of below 1 µm, offers the possibility of a new generation of high-pressure science, both extending the scope of what is already possible, and also opening ways to wholly-new areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm I McMahon
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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18
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Degtyareva VF. Structural simplicity and complexity of compressed calcium: electronic origin. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2014; 70:423-428. [PMID: 24892588 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520614002704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple cubic structure with one atom in the unit cell found in compressed calcium is counterintuitive to the traditional view of a tendency towards densely packed structures with an increase in pressure. To understand this unusual transformation it is necessary to assume electron transfer from the outer core band to the valence band, and an increase of valence electron number for calcium from 2 to ∼ 3.5. This assumption is supported by the Fermi sphere-Brillouin zone interaction model that increases under compression. The recently found structure of Ca-VII with a tetragonal cell containing 32 atoms (tI32) is similar to that in the intermetallic compound In5Bi3 with 3.75 valence electrons per atom. Structural relations are analyzed in terms of electronic structure resemblance. Correlations of structure and physical properties of Ca are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina F Degtyareva
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Province 142432, Russian Federation
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19
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Higginbotham A, Patel S, Hawreliak JA, Ciricosta O, Collins GW, Coppari F, Eggert JH, Suggit MJ, Tang H, Wark JS. Single photon energy dispersive x-ray diffraction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:033906. [PMID: 24689599 DOI: 10.1063/1.4867456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the pressure range accessible to laser driven compression experiments on solid material rising rapidly, new challenges in the diagnosis of samples in harsh laser environments are emerging. When driving to TPa pressures (conditions highly relevant to planetary interiors), traditional x-ray diffraction techniques are plagued by increased sources of background and noise, as well as a potential reduction in signal. In this paper we present a new diffraction diagnostic designed to record x-ray diffraction in low signal-to-noise environments. By utilising single photon counting techniques we demonstrate the ability to record diffraction patterns on nanosecond timescales, and subsequently separate, photon-by-photon, signal from background. In doing this, we mitigate many of the issues surrounding the use of high intensity lasers to drive samples to extremes of pressure, allowing for structural information to be obtained in a regime which is currently largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Higginbotham
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Shamim Patel
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - James A Hawreliak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Orlando Ciricosta
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Gilbert W Collins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Federica Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Jon H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Matthew J Suggit
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Tang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Justin S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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20
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Schaeffer AMJ, DeLong MC, Anderson ZW, Talmadge WB, Guruswamy S, Deemyad S. Superconductivity of BaLi4 under pressure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:375701. [PMID: 23962954 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/37/375701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the pressure-induced superconductivity of BaLi4 up to 53 GPa by means of electrical resistivity in a diamond anvil cell. Superconductivity in BaLi4 is first observed at a pressure of 5.4 GPa with a superconducting critical temperature (Tc) of 4.5 K. Below 2 GPa, superconductivity is not observed above the minimum temperature achievable in the current study, 2 K. Between 5.4 and 12 GPa, the Tc increases steeply to its maximum value of 7 K. Above 12 GPa, the pressure dependence of Tc is complex and the sign of dTc/dP changes several times in going up to the maximum pressure studied, of 53 GPa.
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21
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Schwarz U, Tencé S, Janson O, Koz C, Krellner C, Burkhardt U, Rosner H, Steglich F, Grin Y. CoBi3: Binäre Cobalt-Bismut-Verbindung und Supraleiter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Schwarz U, Tencé S, Janson O, Koz C, Krellner C, Burkhardt U, Rosner H, Steglich F, Grin Y. CoBi3: A Binary Cobalt-Bismuth Compound and Superconductor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9853-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Fujihisa H, Nakamoto Y, Sakata M, Shimizu K, Matsuoka T, Ohishi Y, Yamawaki H, Takeya S, Gotoh Y. Ca-VII: a chain ordered host-guest structure of calcium above 210 GPa. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:235501. [PMID: 25167509 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.235501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The recently discovered high pressure phase VII of calcium [M. Sakata et al., Phys. Rev. B 83, 220512(R) (2011)] has the highest superconducting transition temperature (T(c)) of 29 K among all the elements. Understanding the cause for such a high T(c) state is necessary to clarify its crystal structure. The structure of this phase was determined by an x-ray powder diffraction experiment and a density functional theory calculation and was not found to be the usual host-guest type but consisted of a 2×2 supercell in the tetragonal ab plane with a commensurate host-guest ratio of 4/3 along the c axis containing 128 atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujihisa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamoto
- KYOKUGEN, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sakata
- KYOKUGEN, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Katsuya Shimizu
- KYOKUGEN, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsuoka
- KYOKUGEN, Center for Quantum Science and Technology under Extreme Conditions, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan and JASRI/SPring-8, Kouto, Mikazuki-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohishi
- JASRI/SPring-8, Kouto, Mikazuki-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamawaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takeya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yoshito Gotoh
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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