1
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Desai N, Liao W, Lauga E. Natural convection in the cytoplasm: Theoretical predictions of buoyancy-driven flows inside a cell. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307765. [PMID: 39052656 PMCID: PMC11271965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The existence of temperature gradients within eukaryotic cells has been postulated as a source of natural convection in the cytoplasm, i.e. bulk fluid motion as a result of temperature-difference-induced density gradients. Recent computations have predicted that a temperature differential of ΔT ≈ 1 K between the cell nucleus and the cell membrane could be strong enough to drive significant intracellular material transport. We use numerical computations and theoretical calculations to revisit this problem in order to further understand the impact of temperature gradients on flow generation and advective transport within cells. Surprisingly, our computations yield flows that are an order of magnitude weaker than those obtained previously for the same relative size and position of the nucleus with respect to the cell membrane. To understand this discrepancy, we develop a semi-analytical solution of the convective flow inside a model cell using a bi-spherical coordinate framework, for the case of an axisymmetric cell geometry (i.e. when the displacement of the nucleus from the cell centre is aligned with gravity). We also calculate exact solutions for the flow when the nucleus is located concentrically inside the cell. The results from both theoretical analyses agree with our numerical results, thus providing a robust estimate of the strength of cytoplasmic natural convection and demonstrating that these are much weaker than previously predicted. Finally, we investigate the ability of the aforementioned flows to redistribute solute within a cell. Our calculations reveal that, in all but unrealistic cases, cytoplasmic convection has a negligible contribution toward enhancing the diffusion-dominated mass transfer of cellular material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Desai
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Weida Liao
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Lauga
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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2
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Terzioglu M, Veeroja K, Montonen T, Ihalainen TO, Salminen TS, Bénit P, Rustin P, Chang YT, Nagai T, Jacobs HT. Mitochondrial temperature homeostasis resists external metabolic stresses. eLife 2023; 12:RP89232. [PMID: 38079477 PMCID: PMC10712956 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on studies with a fluorescent reporter dye, Mito Thermo Yellow (MTY), and the genetically encoded gTEMP ratiometric fluorescent temperature indicator targeted to mitochondria, the temperature of active mitochondria in four mammalian and one insect cell line was estimated to be up to 15°C above that of the external environment to which the cells were exposed. High mitochondrial temperature was maintained in the face of a variety of metabolic stresses, including substrate starvation or modification, decreased ATP demand due to inhibition of cytosolic protein synthesis, inhibition of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transporter and, if an auxiliary pathway for electron transfer was available via the alternative oxidase, even respiratory poisons acting downstream of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I. We propose that the high temperature of active mitochondria is an inescapable consequence of the biochemistry of OXPHOS and is homeostatically maintained as a primary feature of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mügen Terzioglu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Kristo Veeroja
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Toni Montonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Tiina S Salminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Paule Bénit
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies Neurodéveloppementales et NeurovasculairesParisFrance
| | - Pierre Rustin
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies Neurodéveloppementales et NeurovasculairesParisFrance
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka UniversityIbarakiJapan
| | | | - Howard T Jacobs
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
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3
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Kruglov AG, Romshin AM, Nikiforova AB, Plotnikova A, Vlasov II. Warm Cells, Hot Mitochondria: Achievements and Problems of Ultralocal Thermometry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16955. [PMID: 38069275 PMCID: PMC10707128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a crucial regulator of the rate and direction of biochemical reactions and cell processes. The recent data indicating the presence of local thermal gradients associated with the sites of high-rate thermogenesis, on the one hand, demonstrate the possibility for the existence of "thermal signaling" in a cell and, on the other, are criticized on the basis of thermodynamic calculations and models. Here, we review the main thermometric techniques and sensors developed for the determination of temperature inside living cells and diverse intracellular compartments. A comparative analysis is conducted of the results obtained using these methods for the cytosol, nucleus, endo-/sarcoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, as well as their biological consistency. Special attention is given to the limitations, possible sources of errors and ambiguities of the sensor's responses. The issue of biological temperature limits in cells and organelles is considered. It is concluded that the elaboration of experimental protocols for ultralocal temperature measurements that take into account both the characteristics of biological systems, as well as the properties and limitations of each type of sensor is of critical importance for the generation of reliable results and further progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey G. Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Alexey M. Romshin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anna B. Nikiforova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Arina Plotnikova
- Institute for Physics and Engineering in Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute MEPhI), 115409 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor I. Vlasov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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4
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Romshin AM, Zeeb V, Glushkov E, Radenovic A, Sinogeikin AG, Vlasov II. Nanoscale thermal control of a single living cell enabled by diamond heater-thermometer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8546. [PMID: 37236978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a new approach to controllable thermal stimulation of a single living cell and its compartments. The technique is based on the use of a single polycrystalline diamond particle containing silicon-vacancy (SiV) color centers. Due to the presence of amorphous carbon at its intercrystalline boundaries, such a particle is an efficient light absorber and becomes a local heat source when illuminated by a laser. Furthermore, the temperature of such a local heater is tracked by the spectral shift of the zero-phonon line of SiV centers. Thus, the diamond particle acts simultaneously as a heater and a thermometer. In the current work, we demonstrate the ability of such a Diamond Heater-Thermometer (DHT) to locally alter the temperature, one of the numerous parameters that play a decisive role for the living organisms at the nanoscale. In particular, we show that the local heating of 11-12 °C relative to the ambient temperature (22 °C) next to individual HeLa cells and neurons, isolated from the mouse hippocampus, leads to a change in the intracellular distribution of the concentration of free calcium ions. For individual HeLa cells, a long-term (about 30 s) increase in the integral intensity of Fluo-4 NW fluorescence by about three times is observed, which characterizes an increase in the [Ca2+]cyt concentration of free calcium in the cytoplasm. Heating near mouse hippocampal neurons also caused a calcium surge-an increase in the intensity of Fluo-4 NW fluorescence by 30% and a duration of ~ 0.4 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M Romshin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Vadim Zeeb
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142292, Russia.
| | - Evgenii Glushkov
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrey G Sinogeikin
- NanThermix SA, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Igor I Vlasov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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5
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Kurisaki I, Tanaka S, Mori I, Umegaki T, Mori Y, Tanaka S. Thermal conductivity and conductance of protein in aqueous solution: Effects of geometrical shape. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:857-868. [PMID: 36468822 PMCID: PMC10107505 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of elucidating the heat transfer in living cells, we evaluated the thermal conductivity κ and conductance G of hydrated protein through all-atom non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. Extending the computational scheme developed in earlier studies for spherical protein to cylindrical one under the periodic boundary condition, we enabled the theoretical analysis of anisotropic thermal conduction and also discussed the effects of protein size correction on the calculated results. While the present results for myoglobin and green fluorescent protein (GFP) by the spherical model were in fair agreement with previous computational and experimental results, we found that the evaluations for κ and G by the cylindrical model, in particular, those for the longitudinal direction of GFP, were enhanced substantially, but still keeping a consistency with experimental data. We also studied the influence by salt addition of physiological concentration, finding insignificant alteration of thermal conduction of protein in the present case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Kurisaki
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiya Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mori
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihito Umegaki
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Center for Mathematical Modeling and Data Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Mori
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigenori Tanaka
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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6
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Zhang F, Wang F, Li Y, Yuan L, Fan L, Zhou X, Wu H, Zhu X, Wang H, Gu N. Real-Time Cell Temperature Fluctuation Monitoring System Using Precision Pt Sensors Coated with Low Thermal Capacity, Low Thermal Resistance, and Self-Assembled Multilayer Films. ACS Sens 2023; 8:141-149. [PMID: 36640268 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of cell temperature fluctuation can help researchers better understand physiological phenomena and the effects of drug treatment on cells, which is a novel and important tool for cellular informatics. The platinum (Pt) temperature sensor is widely used in temperature measurement with the advantages of strong stability, great accuracy, and high sensitivity. However, the commercially available Pt sensors have large thermal resistance and heat capacity which are difficult to be applied for cell temperature measurement because only a very small amount of heat flux is generated by live cells. In this study, we designed a system using precision Pt thin-film temperature sensors with low heat capacity and thermal resistance. The Pt thin-film sensors are covered by a silicon nitride insulation layer grafted with a self-assembled multilayer silane film for promoting cell adhesion. The temperature coefficient of resistance of the Pt temperature sensor was about 2100 ppm/°C. The four-wire lead design next to the sensor detection area ensured maximum accuracy, resulting in a system noise below 0.01 °C over a long time. HEK-293T and HeLa cells were cultured on the sensor surface, respectively. The temperature fluctuation of 293T cells was monitored in a cell culture medium, showing a temperature increase of about 0.05-0.12 °C. The temperature fluctuation of HeLa cells treated with cisplatin was also measured and recorded, indicating a temperature decrease of 0.01 °C first and then a gradual temperature increase of 0.04 °C. The Pt sensor system we developed demonstrated high sensitivity and long stability for cell temperature fluctuation monitoring, which can be widely used in cell activity and cellular informatics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China.,Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Fangxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Li Fan
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Xingyue Zhu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
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7
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Molinaro C, Bénéfice M, Gorlas A, Da Cunha V, Robert HML, Catchpole R, Gallais L, Forterre P, Baffou G. Life at high temperature observed in vitro upon laser heating of gold nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5342. [PMID: 36097020 PMCID: PMC9468142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophiles are microorganisms that thrive at high temperature. Studying them can provide valuable information on how life has adapted to extreme conditions. However, high temperature conditions are difficult to achieve on conventional optical microscopes. Some home-made solutions have been proposed, all based on local resistive electric heating, but no simple commercial solution exists. In this article, we introduce the concept of microscale laser heating over the field of view of a microscope to achieve high temperature for the study of thermophiles, while maintaining the user environment in soft conditions. Microscale heating with moderate laser intensities is achieved using a substrate covered with gold nanoparticles, as biocompatible, efficient light absorbers. The influences of possible microscale fluid convection, cell confinement and centrifugal thermophoretic motion are discussed. The method is demonstrated with two species: (i) Geobacillus stearothermophilus, a motile thermophilic bacterium thriving around 65 °C, which we observed to germinate, grow and swim upon microscale heating and (ii) Sulfolobus shibatae, a hyperthermophilic archaeon living at the optimal temperature of 80 °C. This work opens the path toward simple and safe observation of thermophilic microorganisms using current and accessible microscopy tools. Studying microorganisms at high temperatures is challenging on conventional optical microscopes. Here, the authors introduce the concept of microscale laser heating over the full field of view by using gold nanoparticles as light absorbers, and study thermophile species up to 80 °C.
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8
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Lu K, Wazawa T, Sakamoto J, Vu CQ, Nakano M, Kamei Y, Nagai T. Intracellular Heat Transfer and Thermal Property Revealed by Kilohertz Temperature Imaging with a Genetically Encoded Nanothermometer. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5698-5707. [PMID: 35792763 PMCID: PMC9335883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite improved sensitivity of nanothermometers, direct observation of heat transport inside single cells has remained challenging for the lack of high-speed temperature imaging techniques. Here, we identified insufficient temperature resolution under short signal integration time and slow sensor kinetics as two major bottlenecks. To overcome the limitations, we developed B-gTEMP, a nanothermometer based on the tandem fusion of mNeonGreen and tdTomato fluorescent proteins. We visualized the propagation of heat inside intracellular space by tracking the temporal variation of local temperature at a time resolution of 155 μs and a temperature resolution 0.042 °C. By comparing the fast in situ temperature dynamics with computer-simulated heat diffusion, we estimated the thermal diffusivity of live HeLa cells. The present thermal diffusivity in cells was about 1/5.3 of that of water and much smaller than the values reported for bulk tissues, which may account for observations of heterogeneous intracellular temperature distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tetsuichi Wazawa
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Joe Sakamoto
- National
Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Cong Quang Vu
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate
School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- National
Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- SANKEN
(The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Graduate
School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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9
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Li Y, Ma Y, Dang QY, Fan XR, Han CT, Xu SZ, Li PY. Assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction and implications in cardiovascular disorders. Life Sci 2022; 306:120834. [PMID: 35902031 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cellular function, not only acting as the powerhouse of the cell, but also regulating ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular Ca2+ cycling, and apoptosis. During the past decade, extensive progress has been made in the technology to assess mitochondrial functions and accumulating evidences have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathophysiological mechanism for many diseases including cardiovascular disorders, such as ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and hemorrhagic shock. The advances in methodology have been accelerating our understanding of mitochondrial molecular structure and function, biogenesis and ROS and energy production, which facilitates new drug target identification and therapeutic strategy development for mitochondrial dysfunction-related disorders. This review will focus on the assessment of methodologies currently used for mitochondrial research and discuss their advantages, limitations and the implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qing-Ya Dang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xin-Rong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chu-Ting Han
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shang-Zhong Xu
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.
| | - Peng-Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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10
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Li Z, Xiao Y, Liu F, Yan X, You D, Li K, Zeng L, Zhu M, Xiao G, Albert J, Guo T. Operando optical fiber monitoring of nanoscale and fast temperature changes during photo-electrocatalytic reactions. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:220. [PMID: 35831285 PMCID: PMC9279429 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In situ and continuous monitoring of thermal effects is essential for understanding photo-induced catalytic processes at catalyst's surfaces. However, existing techniques are largely unable to capture the rapidly changing temperatures occurring in sub-μm layers at liquid-solid interfaces exposed to light. To address this, a sensing system based on a gold-coated conventional single-mode optical fiber with a tilted fiber Bragg grating inscribed in the fiber core is proposed and demonstrated. The spectral transmission from these devices is made up of a dense comb of narrowband resonances that can differentiate between localized temperatures rapid changes at the catalyst's surface and those of the environment. By using the gold coating of the fiber as an electrode in an electrochemical reactor and exposing it to light, thermal effects in photo-induced catalysis at the interface can be decoded with a temperature resolution of 0.1 °C and a temporal resolution of 0.1 sec, without perturbing the catalytic operation that is measured simultaneously. As a demonstration, stable and reproducible correlations between the light-to-heat conversion and catalytic activities over time were measured for two different catalysis processes (linear and nonlinear). These kinds of sensing applications are ideally suited to the fundamental qualities of optical fiber sensors, such as their compact size, flexible shape, and remote measurement capability, thereby opening the way for various thermal monitoring in hard-to-reach spaces and rapid catalytic reaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yongguang Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| | - Daotong You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| | - Kaiwei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Mingshan Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Gaozhi Xiao
- Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Jacques Albert
- Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Tuan Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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11
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Yang N, Xu J, Wang F, Yang F, Han D, Xu S. Thermal Probing Techniques for a Single Live Cell. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5093. [PMID: 35890773 PMCID: PMC9317922 DOI: 10.3390/s22145093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a significant factor in determining and characterizing cellular metabolism and other biochemical activities. In this study, we provide a brief overview of two important technologies used to monitor the local temperatures of individual living cells: fluorescence nano-thermometry and an array of micro-/nano-sized thin-film thermocouples. We explain some key technical issues that must be addressed and optimised for further practical applications, such as in cell biology, drug selection, and novel antitumor therapy. We also offer a method for combining them into a hybrid measuring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (N.Y.); (F.W.)
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (F.Y.); (D.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (F.Y.); (D.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (N.Y.); (F.W.)
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (F.Y.); (D.H.); (S.X.)
| | - Danhong Han
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (F.Y.); (D.H.); (S.X.)
- Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing 100854, China
| | - Shengyong Xu
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (F.Y.); (D.H.); (S.X.)
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12
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El-Gammal Z, Nasr MA, Elmehrath AO, Salah RA, Saad SM, El-Badri N. Regulation of mitochondrial temperature in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1043-1051. [PMID: 35780250 PMCID: PMC9492600 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial temperature is produced by various metabolic processes inside the mitochondria, particularly oxidative phosphorylation. It was recently reported that mitochondria could normally operate at high temperatures that can reach 50℃. The aim of this review is to identify mitochondrial temperature differences between normal cells and cancer cells. Herein, we discussed the different types of mitochondrial thermosensors and their advantages and disadvantages. We reviewed the studies assessing the mitochondrial temperature in cancer cells and normal cells. We shed the light on the factors involved in maintaining the mitochondrial temperature of normal cells compared to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab El-Gammal
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.,Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Nasr
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Elmehrath
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Radwa A Salah
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shams M Saad
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt.
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13
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Han D, Xu J, Wang H, Wang Z, Yang N, Yang F, Shen Q, Xu S. Non-Interventional and High-Precision Temperature Measurement Biochips for Long-Term Monitoring the Temperature Fluctuations of Individual Cells. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:454. [PMID: 34821670 PMCID: PMC8615431 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the thermal responses of individual cells to external stimuli is essential for studies of cell metabolism, organelle function, and drug screening. Fluorescent temperature probes are usually employed to measure the temperatures of individual cells; however, they have some unavoidable problems, such as, poor stability caused by their sensitivity to the chemical composition of the solution and the limitation in their measurement time due to the short fluorescence lifetime. Here, we demonstrate a stable, non-interventional, and high-precision temperature-measurement chip that can monitor the temperature fluctuations of individual cells subject to external stimuli and over a normal cell life cycle as long as several days. To improve the temperature resolution, we designed temperature sensors made of Pd-Cr thin-film thermocouples, a freestanding Si3N4 platform, and a dual-temperature control system. Our experimental results confirm the feasibility of using this cellular temperature-measurement chip to detect local temperature fluctuations of individual cells that are 0.3-1.5 K higher than the ambient temperature for HeLa cells in different proliferation cycles. In the future, we plan to integrate this chip with other single-cell technologies and apply it to research related to cellular heat-stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Han
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.); (N.Y.); (F.Y.)
- Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing 100854, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.); (N.Y.); (F.Y.)
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China;
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.); (N.Y.); (F.Y.)
- Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing 100854, China
| | - Nana Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.); (N.Y.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.); (N.Y.); (F.Y.)
| | - Qundong Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Shengyong Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.); (N.Y.); (F.Y.)
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14
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Opto-thermal technologies for microscopic analysis of cellular temperature-sensing systems. Biophys Rev 2021; 14:41-54. [PMID: 35340595 PMCID: PMC8921355 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCould enzymatic activities and their cooperative functions act as cellular temperature-sensing systems? This review introduces recent opto-thermal technologies for microscopic analyses of various types of cellular temperature-sensing system. Optical microheating technologies have been developed for local and rapid temperature manipulations at the cellular level. Advanced luminescent thermometers visualize the dynamics of cellular local temperature in space and time during microheating. An optical heater and thermometer can be combined into one smart nanomaterial that demonstrates hybrid function. These technologies have revealed a variety of cellular responses to spatial and temporal changes in temperature. Spatial temperature gradients cause asymmetric deformations during mitosis and neurite outgrowth. Rapid changes in temperature causes imbalance of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and membrane potential. Among those responses, heat-induced muscle contractions are highlighted. It is also demonstrated that the short-term heating hyperactivates molecular motors to exceed their maximal activities at optimal temperatures. We discuss future prospects for opto-thermal manipulation of cellular functions and contributions to obtain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of cellular temperature-sensing systems.
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15
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Maciejewska K, Bednarkiewicz A, Marciniak L. NIR luminescence lifetime nanothermometry based on phonon assisted Yb 3+-Nd 3+ energy transfer. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4918-4925. [PMID: 36132339 PMCID: PMC9418974 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00285f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence thermometry in biomedical sciences is a highly desirable, but also highly challenging and demanding technology. Numerous artifacts have been found during steady-state spectroscopy temperature quantification, such as ratiometric spectroscopy. Oppositely, the luminescence lifetime is considered as the most reliable indicator of temperature thermometry because this luminescent feature is not susceptible to sample properties or luminescence reabsorption by the nanothermometers themselves. Unfortunately, this type of thermometer is much less studied and known. Here, the thermometric properties of Yb3+ ions in Nd0.5RE0.4Yb0.1PO4 luminescent temperature probes were evaluated, aiming to design and optimize luminescence lifetime based nanothermometers. Temperature dependence of the luminescence lifetimes is induced by thermally activated phonon assisted energy transfer from the 2F5/2 state of Yb3+ ions to the 4F3/2 state of Nd3+ ions, which in turn is responsible for the significant quenching of the Yb3+:2F5/2 lifetime. It was also found that the thermal quenching and thus the relative sensitivity of the luminescent thermometer can be intentionally altered by the RE ions used (RE = Y, Lu, La, and Gd). The highest relative sensitivity was found to be S R = 1.22% K-1 at 355 K for Nd0.5Y0.4Yb0.1PO4 and it remains above 1% K-1 up to 500 K. The high sensitivity and reliable thermometric performance of Nd0.5La0.4Yb0.1PO4 were confirmed by the high reproducibility of the temperature readout and the temperature uncertainty being as low as δT = 0.05 K at 383 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maciejewska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences Okólna 2 50-422 Wroclaw Poland
| | - A Bednarkiewicz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences Okólna 2 50-422 Wroclaw Poland
| | - L Marciniak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences Okólna 2 50-422 Wroclaw Poland
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16
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Vu CQ, Fukushima SI, Wazawa T, Nagai T. A highly-sensitive genetically encoded temperature indicator exploiting a temperature-responsive elastin-like polypeptide. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16519. [PMID: 34389773 PMCID: PMC8363741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded temperature indicators (GETIs) allow for real-time measurement of subcellular temperature dynamics in live cells. However, GETIs have suffered from poor temperature sensitivity, which may not be sufficient to resolve small heat production from a biological process. Here, we develop a highly-sensitive GETI, denoted as ELP-TEMP, comprised of a temperature-responsive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) fused with a cyan fluorescent protein (FP), mTurquoise2 (mT), and a yellow FP, mVenus (mV), as the donor and acceptor, respectively, of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). At elevated temperatures, the ELP moiety in ELP-TEMP undergoes a phase transition leading to an increase in the FRET efficiency. In HeLa cells, ELP-TEMP responded to the temperature from 33 to 40 °C with a maximum temperature sensitivity of 45.1 ± 8.1%/°C, which was the highest ever temperature sensitivity among hitherto-developed fluorescent nanothermometers. Although ELP-TEMP showed sensitivity not only to temperature but also to macromolecular crowding and self-concentration, we were able to correct the output of ELP-TEMP to achieve accurate temperature measurements at a subcellular resolution. We successfully applied ELP-TEMP to accurately measure temperature changes in cells induced by a local heat spot, even if the temperature difference was as small as < 1 °C, and to visualize heat production from stimulated Ca2+ influx in live HeLa cells induced by a chemical stimulation. Furthermore, we investigated temperatures in the nucleus and cytoplasm of live HeLa cells and found that their temperatures were almost the same within the temperature resolution of our measurement. Our study would contribute to better understanding of cellular temperature dynamics, and ELP-TEMP would be a useful GETI for the investigation of cell thermobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Quang Vu
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Fukushima
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tetsuichi Wazawa
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.
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17
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Xu J, Zeng M, Xu X, Liu J, Huo X, Han D, Wang Z, Tian L. A Micron-Sized Laser Photothermal Effect Evaluation System and Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5133. [PMID: 34372369 PMCID: PMC8348586 DOI: 10.3390/s21155133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The photothermal effects of lasers have played an important role in both medical laser applications and the development of cochlear implants with optical stimulation. However, there are few methods to evaluate the thermal effect of micron-sized laser spots interacting with other tissues. Here, we present a multi-wavelength micro-scale laser thermal effect measuring system that has high temporal, spatial and temperature resolutions, and can quantitatively realize evaluations in real time. In this system, with accurate 3D positioning and flexible pulsed laser parameter adjustments, groups of temperature changes are systematically measured when the micron-sized laser spots from six kinds of wavelengths individually irradiate the Pd/Cr thermocouple junction area, and reference data of laser spot thermal effects are obtained. This work develops a stable, reliable and universal tool for quantitatively exploring the thermal effect of micron-sized lasers, and provides basic reference data for research on light-stimulated neuron excitement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250102, China; (J.X.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Institute of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250102, China; (J.X.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250102, China; (J.X.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Junhui Liu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250102, China; (J.X.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xinyu Huo
- Institute of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250102, China; (J.X.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Danhong Han
- Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing 100854, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing 100854, China; (D.H.); (Z.W.)
| | - Lan Tian
- Institute of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250102, China; (J.X.); (M.Z.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
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18
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Zhang T, Pramanik G, Zhang K, Gulka M, Wang L, Jing J, Xu F, Li Z, Wei Q, Cigler P, Chu Z. Toward Quantitative Bio-sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2077-2107. [PMID: 34038091 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The long-dreamed-of capability of monitoring the molecular machinery in living systems has not been realized yet, mainly due to the technical limitations of current sensing technologies. However, recently emerging quantum sensors are showing great promise for molecular detection and imaging. One of such sensing qubits is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, a photoluminescent impurity in a diamond lattice with unique room-temperature optical and spin properties. This atomic-sized quantum emitter has the ability to quantitatively measure nanoscale electromagnetic fields via optical means at ambient conditions. Moreover, the unlimited photostability of NV centers, combined with the excellent diamond biocompatibility and the possibility of diamond nanoparticles internalization into the living cells, makes NV-based sensors one of the most promising and versatile platforms for various life-science applications. In this review, we will summarize the latest developments of NV-based quantum sensing with a focus on biomedical applications, including measurements of magnetic biomaterials, intracellular temperature, localized physiological species, action potentials, and electronic and nuclear spins. We will also outline the main unresolved challenges and provide future perspectives of many promising aspects of NV-based bio-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Goutam Pramanik
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michal Gulka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jixiang Jing
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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19
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Wu Y, Alam MNA, Balasubramanian P, Ermakova A, Fischer S, Barth H, Wagner M, Raabe M, Jelezko F, Weil T. Nanodiamond Theranostic for Light-Controlled Intracellular Heating and Nanoscale Temperature Sensing. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3780-3788. [PMID: 33881327 PMCID: PMC8289278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an essential parameter in all biological systems, but information about the actual temperature in living cells is limited. Especially, in photothermal therapy, local intracellular temperature changes induce cell death but the local temperature gradients are not known. Highly sensitive nanothermometers would be required to measure and report local temperature changes independent of the intracellular environment, including pH or ions. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (ND) enable temperature sensing at the nanoscale independent of external conditions. Herein, we prepare ND nanothermometers coated with a nanogel shell and the photothermal agent indocyanine green serves as a heat generator and sensor. Upon irradiation, programmed cell death was induced in cancer cells with high spatial control. In parallel, the increase in local temperature was recorded by the ND nanothermometers. This approach represents a great step forward to record local temperature changes in different cellular environments inside cells and correlate these with thermal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Wu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Md Noor A Alam
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Anna Ermakova
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Staudingerweg
7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Fischer
- Institute
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Ulm Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University
of Ulm Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Raabe
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Email for M.R.:
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Email for F.J.:
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Email for T.W.:
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20
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Nexha A, Carvajal JJ, Pujol MC, Díaz F, Aguiló M. Lanthanide doped luminescence nanothermometers in the biological windows: strategies and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7913-7987. [PMID: 33899861 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of lanthanide-doped non-contact luminescent nanothermometers with accuracy, efficiency and fast diagnostic tools attributed to their versatility, stability and narrow emission band profiles has spurred the replacement of conventional contact thermal probes. The application of lanthanide-doped materials as temperature nanosensors, excited by ultraviolet, visible or near infrared light, and the generation of emissions lying in the biological window regions, I-BW (650 nm-950 nm), II-BW (1000 nm-1350 nm), III-BW (1400 nm-2000 nm) and IV-BW (centered at 2200 nm), are notably growing due to the advantages they present, including reduced phototoxicity and photobleaching, better image contrast and deeper penetration depths into biological tissues. Here, the different mechanisms used in lanthanide ion-doped nanomaterials to sense temperature in these biological windows for biomedical and other applications are summarized, focusing on factors that affect their thermal sensitivity, and consequently their temperature resolution. Comparing the thermometric performance of these nanomaterials in each biological window, we identified the strategies that allow boosting of their sensing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albenc Nexha
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Física i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA)-EMaS, Campus Sescelades, E-43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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21
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Rajagopal MC, Sinha S. Cellular Thermometry Considerations for Probing Biochemical Pathways. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:359-373. [PMID: 33797706 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-00979-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is a fundamental thermodynamic property that can serve as a probe of biochemical reactions. Extracellular thermometry has previously been used to probe cancer metabolism and thermoregulation, with measured temperature changes of ~1-2 K in tissues, consistent with theoretical predictions. In contrast, previous intracellular thermometry studies remain disputed due to reports of >1 K intracellular temperature rises over 5 min or more that are inconsistent with theory. Thus, the origins of such anomalous temperature rises remain unclear. An improved quantitative understanding of intracellular thermometry is necessary to provide a clearer perspective for future measurements. Here, we develop a generalizable framework for modeling cellular heat diffusion over a range of subcellular-to-tissue length scales. Our model shows that local intracellular temperature changes reach measurable limits (>0.1 K) only when exogenously stimulated. On the other hand, extracellular temperatures can be measurable (>0.1 K) in tissues even from endogenous biochemical pathways. Using these insights, we provide a comprehensive approach to choosing an appropriate cellular thermometry technique by analyzing thermogenic reactions of different heat rates and time constants across length scales ranging from subcellular to tissues. Our work provides clarity on cellular heat diffusion modeling and on the required thermometry approach for probing thermogenic biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath C Rajagopal
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sanjiv Sinha
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Temperature is an important factor in the process of life, as thermal energy transfer participates in all biological events in organisms. Due to technical limitations, there is still a lot more information to be explored regarding the correlation between life activities and temperature changes. In recent years, the emergence of a variety of new temperature measurement methods has facilitated further research in this field. Here, we introduce the latest advances in temperature sensors for biological detection and their related applications in metabolic research. Various technologies are discussed in terms of their advantages and shortcomings, and future prospects are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuexia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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23
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Sotoma S, Zhong C, Kah JCY, Yamashita H, Plakhotnik T, Harada Y, Suzuki M. In situ measurements of intracellular thermal conductivity using heater-thermometer hybrid diamond nanosensors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/3/eabd7888. [PMID: 33523906 PMCID: PMC7810374 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding heat dissipation processes at nanoscale during cellular thermogenesis is essential to clarify the relationships between the heat and biological processes in cells and organisms. A key parameter determining the heat flux inside a cell is the local thermal conductivity, a factor poorly investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Here, using a nanoheater/nanothermometer hybrid made of a polydopamine encapsulating a fluorescent nanodiamond, we measured the intracellular thermal conductivities of HeLa and MCF-7 cells with a spatial resolution of about 200 nm. The mean values determined in these two cell lines are both 0.11 ± 0.04 W m-1 K-1, which is significantly smaller than that of water. Bayesian analysis of the data suggests there is a variation of the thermal conductivity within a cell. These results make the biological impact of transient temperature spikes in a cell much more feasible, and suggest that cells may use heat flux for short-distance thermal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Sotoma
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chongxia Zhong
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - James Chen Yong Kah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hayato Yamashita
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taras Plakhotnik
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Madoka Suzuki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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24
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Bastos ARN, Brites CDS, Rojas-Gutierrez PA, Ferreira RAS, Longo RL, DeWolf C, Capobianco JA, Carlos LD. Thermal properties of lipid bilayers derived from the transient heating regime of upconverting nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24169-24176. [PMID: 33283824 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06989b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat transfer and thermal properties at the nanoscale can be challenging to obtain experimentally. These are potentially relevant for understanding thermoregulation in cells. Experimental data from the transient heating regime in conjunction with a model based on the energy conservation enable the determination of the specific heat capacities for all components of a nanoconstruct, namely an upconverting nanoparticle and its conformal lipid bilayer coating. This approach benefits from a very simple, cost-effective and non-invasive optical setup to measure the thermal parameters at the nanoscale. The time-dependent model developed herein lays the foundation to describe the dynamics of heat transfer at the nanoscale and were used to understand the heat dissipation by lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R N Bastos
- Phantom-g, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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25
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The conundrum of hot mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148348. [PMID: 33248118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is often referred as the cellular powerhouse because the organelle oxidizes organic acids and NADH derived from nutriments, converting around 40% of the Gibbs free energy change of these reactions into ATP, the major energy currency of cell metabolism. Mitochondria are thus microscopic furnaces that inevitably release heat as a by-product of these reactions, and this contributes to body warming, especially in endotherms like birds and mammals. Over the last decade, the idea has emerged that mitochondria could be warmer than the cytosol, because of their intense energy metabolism. It has even been suggested that our own mitochondria could operate under normal conditions at a temperature close to 50 °C, something difficult to reconcile with the laws of thermal physics. Here, using our combined expertise in biology and physics, we exhaustively review the reports that led to the concept of a hot mitochondrion, which is essentially based on the development and use of a variety of molecular thermosensors whose intrinsic fluorescence is modified by temperature. Then, we discuss the physical concepts of heat diffusion, including mechanisms like phonons scattering, which occur in the nanoscale range. Although most of approaches with thermosensors studies present relatively sparse data and lack absolute temperature calibration, overall, they do support the hypothesis of hot mitochondria. However, there is no convincing physical explanation that would allow the organelle to maintain a higher temperature than its surroundings. We nevertheless proposed some research directions, mainly biological, that might help throw light on this intriguing conundrum.
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26
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Cellular thermogenesis compensates environmental temperature fluctuations for maintaining intracellular temperature. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:70-76. [PMID: 32928506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Temperature governs states and dynamics of all biological molecules, and several cellular processes are often heat sources and/or sinks. Technical achievement of intracellular thermometry enables us to measure intracellular temperature, and it can offer novel perspectives in biology and medicine. However, little is known that changes of intracellular temperature throughout the cell-cycle and the manner of which cells regulates their thermogenesis in response to fluctuation of the environmental temperature. Here, cell-cycle-dependent changes of intracellular temperature were reconstructed from the snapshots of cell population at single-cell resolution using ergodic analysis for asynchronously cultured HeLa cells expressing a genetically encoded thermometry. Intracellular temperature is highest at G1 phase, and it gradually decreases along cell-cycle progression and increases abruptly during mitosis. Cells easily heated up are harder to cool down and vice versa, especially at G1/S phases. Together, intracellular thermogenesis depends on cell-cycle phases and it maintains intracellular temperature through compensating environmental temperature fluctuations.
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27
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Zhou J, Del Rosal B, Jaque D, Uchiyama S, Jin D. Advances and challenges for fluorescence nanothermometry. Nat Methods 2020; 17:967-980. [PMID: 32989319 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanothermometers can probe changes in local temperature in living cells and in vivo and reveal fundamental insights into biological properties. This field has attracted global efforts in developing both temperature-responsive materials and detection procedures to achieve sub-degree temperature resolution in biosystems. Recent generations of nanothermometers show superior performance to earlier ones and also offer multifunctionality, enabling state-of-the-art functional imaging with improved spatial, temporal and temperature resolutions for monitoring the metabolism of intracellular organelles and internal organs. Although progress in this field has been rapid, it has not been without controversy, as recent studies have shown possible biased sensing during fluorescence-based detection. Here, we introduce the design principles and advances in fluorescence nanothermometry, highlight application achievements, discuss scenarios that may lead to biased sensing, analyze the challenges ahead in terms of both fundamental issues and practical implementations, and point to new directions for improving this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Blanca Del Rosal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain. .,Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Seiichi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China
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28
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Piñol R, Zeler J, Brites CDS, Gu Y, Téllez P, Carneiro Neto AN, da Silva TE, Moreno-Loshuertos R, Fernandez-Silva P, Gallego AI, Martinez-Lostao L, Martínez A, Carlos LD, Millán A. Real-Time Intracellular Temperature Imaging Using Lanthanide-Bearing Polymeric Micelles. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6466-6472. [PMID: 32787172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of thermogenesis in individual cells is a remarkable challenge due to the complexity of the biochemical environment (such as pH and ionic strength) and to the rapid and yet not well-understood heat transfer mechanisms throughout the cell. Here, we present a unique system for intracellular temperature mapping in a fluorescence microscope (uncertainty of 0.2 K) using rationally designed luminescent Ln3+-bearing polymeric micellar probes (Ln = Sm, Eu) incubated in breast cancer MDA-MB468 cells. Two-dimensional (2D) thermal images recorded increasing the temperature of the cells culture medium between 296 and 304 K shows inhomogeneous intracellular temperature progressions up to ∼20 degrees and subcellular gradients of ∼5 degrees between the nucleolus and the rest of the cell, illustrating the thermogenic activity of the different organelles and highlighting the potential of this tool to study intracellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Piñol
- ICMA, Institute of Materials Science of Aragon, CSIC, University of Zaragoza, 50008 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Justyna Zeler
- Phantom-g, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-302, Poland
| | - Carlos D S Brites
- Phantom-g, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Yuanyu Gu
- ICMA, Institute of Materials Science of Aragon, CSIC, University of Zaragoza, 50008 Zaragoza, Spain
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pedro Téllez
- Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación, University of Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 10, 50006 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Albano N Carneiro Neto
- Phantom-g, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Thiago E da Silva
- Phantom-g, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raquel Moreno-Loshuertos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patrício Fernandez-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Gallego
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Martinez-Lostao
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Abelardo Martínez
- Departamento de Electrónica de Potencia, I3A, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luís D Carlos
- Phantom-g, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Angel Millán
- ICMA, Institute of Materials Science of Aragon, CSIC, University of Zaragoza, 50008 Zaragoza, Spain
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Liu CF, Leong WH, Xia K, Feng X, Finkler A, Denisenko A, Wrachtrup J, Li Q, Liu RB. Ultra-sensitive hybrid diamond nanothermometer. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa194. [PMID: 34691635 PMCID: PMC8288462 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising quantum sensors because of their long spin coherence time under ambient conditions. However, their spin resonances are relatively insensitive to non-magnetic parameters such as temperature. A magnetic-nanoparticle-nanodiamond hybrid thermometer, where the temperature change is converted to the magnetic field variation near the Curie temperature, were demonstrated to have enhanced temperature sensitivity ($11{\rm{\,\,mK\,\,H}}{{\rm{z}}^{ - 1/2}}$) (Wang N, Liu G-Q and Leong W-H et al. Phys Rev X 2018; 8: 011042), but the sensitivity was limited by the large spectral broadening of ensemble spins in nanodiamonds. To overcome this limitation, here we show an improved design of a hybrid nanothermometer using a single NV center in a diamond nanopillar coupled with a single magnetic nanoparticle of copper-nickel alloy, and demonstrate a temperature sensitivity of $76{\rm{\,\,\mu K\,\,H}}{{\rm{z}}^{ - 1/2}}$. This hybrid design enables detection of 2 mK temperature changes with temporal resolution of 5 ms. The ultra-sensitive nanothermometer offers a new tool to investigate thermal processes in nanoscale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xi Feng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Andrej Denisenko
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Center for Applied Quantum Technologies, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Center for Applied Quantum Technologies, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Quan Li
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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30
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Tanaka S, Shimamura K. Temperature relaxation in binary hard-sphere mixture system: Molecular dynamics and kinetic theory study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:034114. [PMID: 32716157 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational schemes to describe the temperature relaxation in the binary hard-sphere mixture system are given on the basis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and renormalized kinetic theory. Event-driven MD simulations are carried out for three model systems in which the initial temperatures and the ratios of diameter and mass of two components are different to study the temporal evolution of each component temperature in nanoscale molecular conditions mimicking those in living cells. On the other hand, the temperature changes of the two components are also described in terms of a mean-field kinetic theory with the correlation functions calculated in the Percus-Yevick approximation. The calculated results by both the computational approaches have shown fair agreement with each other, whereas slight deviations have been found in the temporal range of femto- to picoseconds when the initial temperatures of the two components are significantly different, such as 300 K vs 1000 K. This discrepancy can be ascribed to the fast intra-component temperature relaxation assumed in the kinetic theory, and its violation in the MD simulations can be evaluated in terms of the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the equilibrated Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution at each temperature and the actual non-equilibrium velocity distribution realized in the MD. Thus, the present analysis provides a quantitative basis for addressing the temperature inhomogeneities experimentally observed in nanoscale crowding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Tanaka
- Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Shimamura
- Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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31
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Suzuki M, Plakhotnik T. The challenge of intracellular temperature. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:593-600. [PMID: 32172449 PMCID: PMC7242542 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This short review begins with a brief introductory summary of luminescence nanothermometry. Current applications of luminescence nanothermometry are introduced in biological contexts. Then, theoretical bases of the “temperature” that luminescence nanothermometry determines are discussed. This argument is followed by the 105 gap issue between simple calculation and the measurements reported in literatures. The gap issue is challenged by recent literatures reporting single-cell thermometry using non-luminescent probes, as well as a report that determines the thermal conductivity of a single lipid bilayer using luminescence nanothermometry. In the end, we argue if we can be optimistic about the solution of the 105 gap issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Suzuki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Taras Plakhotnik
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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32
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Nanoscale Quantum Thermal Conductance at Water Interface: Green's Function Approach Based on One-Dimensional Phonon Model. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051185. [PMID: 32151110 PMCID: PMC7179406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have derived the fundamental formula of phonon transport in water for the evaluation of quantum thermal conductance by using a one-dimensional phonon model based on the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. In our model, phonons are excited as quantum waves from the left or right reservoir and propagate from left to right of H2O layer or vice versa. We have assumed these reservoirs as being of periodic structures, whereas we can also model the H2O sandwiched between these reservoirs as having aperiodic structures of liquid containing N water molecules. We have extracted the dispersion curves from the experimental absorption spectra of the OH stretching and intermolecular modes of water molecules, and calculated phonon transmission function and quantum thermal conductance. In addition, we have simplified the formulation of the transmission function by employing a case of one water molecule (N=1). From this calculation, we have obtained the characteristic that the transmission probability is almost unity at the frequency bands of acoustic and optical modes, and the transmission probability vanishes by the phonon attenuation reflecting the quantum tunnel effect outside the bands of these two modes. The classical limit of the thermal conductance calculated by our formula agreed with the literature value (order of 10−10 W/K) in high temperature regime (>300 K). The present approach is powerful enough to be applicable to molecular systems containing proteins as well, and to evaluate their thermal conductive characteristics.
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33
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Dard L, Blanchard W, Hubert C, Lacombe D, Rossignol R. Mitochondrial functions and rare diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100842. [PMID: 32029308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic cellular organelles responsible for a large variety of biochemical processes as energy transduction, REDOX signaling, the biosynthesis of hormones and vitamins, inflammation or cell death execution. Cell biology studies established that 1158 human genes encode proteins localized to mitochondria, as registered in MITOCARTA. Clinical studies showed that a large number of these mitochondrial proteins can be altered in expression and function through genetic, epigenetic or biochemical mechanisms including the interaction with environmental toxics or iatrogenic medicine. As a result, pathogenic mitochondrial genetic and functional defects participate to the onset and the progression of a growing number of rare diseases. In this review we provide an exhaustive survey of the biochemical, genetic and clinical studies that demonstrated the implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in human rare diseases. We discuss the striking diversity of the symptoms caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and the strategies proposed for mitochondrial therapy, including a survey of ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dard
- Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1211, 33000, Bordeaux, France; CELLOMET, CGFB-146 Rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - W Blanchard
- Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1211, 33000, Bordeaux, France; CELLOMET, CGFB-146 Rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Hubert
- Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1211, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - D Lacombe
- Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1211, 33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - R Rossignol
- Bordeaux University, 33000, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1211, 33000, Bordeaux, France; CELLOMET, CGFB-146 Rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France.
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34
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Short-term temperature change detections and frequency signals in single cultured cells using a microfabricated thermistor. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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35
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Komatsu T, Urano Y. Chemical toolbox for 'live' biochemistry to understand enzymatic functions in living systems. J Biochem 2020; 167:139-149. [PMID: 31553443 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we present an overview of the recent advances in chemical toolboxes that are used to provide insights into 'live' protein functions in living systems. Protein functions are mediated by various factors inside of cells, such as protein-protein interactions, posttranslational modifications, and they are also subject to environmental factors such as pH, redox states and crowding conditions. Obtaining a true understanding of protein functions in living systems is therefore a considerably difficult task. Recent advances in research tools have allowed us to consider 'live' biochemistry as a valid approach to precisely understand how proteins function in a live cell context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) Investigator, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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36
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Ogle MM, Smith McWilliams AD, Jiang B, Martí AA. Latest Trends in Temperature Sensing by Molecular Probes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith M. Ogle
- Department of ChemistryRice University 6100 Main St MS60 Houston TX 77005 USA
| | | | - Bo Jiang
- Department of ChemistryRice University 6100 Main St MS60 Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Angel A. Martí
- Department of ChemistryRice University 6100 Main St MS60 Houston TX 77005 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Materials Science & NanoengineeringRice University 6100 Main Houston TX 77005 USA
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37
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Uchiyama S. Fluorescent Sensors Based on a Novel Functional Design: Combination of an Environment-sensitive Fluorophore with Polymeric and Self-assembled Architectures. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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38
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Fujisaku T, Tanabe R, Onoda S, Kubota R, Segawa TF, So FTK, Ohshima T, Hamachi I, Shirakawa M, Igarashi R. pH Nanosensor Using Electronic Spins in Diamond. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11726-11732. [PMID: 31538479 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale measurements provide insight into the nano world. For instance, nanometric spatiotemporal distribution of intracellular pH is regulated by and regulates a variety of biological processes. However, there is no general method to fabricate nanoscale pH sensors. Here, we, to endow pH-sensing functions, tailor the surface properties of a fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) containing nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers) by coating the FND with an ionic chemical layer. The longitudinal relaxation time T1 of the electron spins in the NV centers inside a nanodiamond modified by carboxyl groups on the particle surface was found to depend on ambient pH between pH 3 and pH 7, but not between pH 7 and pH 11. Therefore, a single particle of the carboxylated nanodiamond works as a nanometer-sized pH meter within a microscopic image and directly measures the nanometric local pH environment. Moreover, the pH dependence of an FND was changed by coating it with a polycysteine layer, which contains a multitude of thiol groups with higher pKa. The polycysteine-coated nanodiamond obtained a pH dependence between pH 7 and pH 11. The pH dependence of the FND was also observed in heavy water (D2O) buffers. This indicates that the pH dependence is not caused by magnetic noise induced by 1H nuclear spin fluctuations, but by electric noise induced by ion exchanges. Via our method, the sensitive pH range of the nanodiamond pH sensor can potentially be controlled by changing the ionic layer appropriately according to the target biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fujisaku
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Ryotaro Tanabe
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Shinobu Onoda
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 1233 Watanuki , Takasaki , Gunma 370-1292 , Japan
| | - Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Takuya F Segawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics , ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 1 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Frederick T-K So
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 1233 Watanuki , Takasaki , Gunma 370-1292 , Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Ryuji Igarashi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
- National Institute for Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
- JST , PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho , Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
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39
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Rajagopal MC, Brown JW, Gelda D, Valavala KV, Wang H, Llano DA, Gillette R, Sinha S. Transient heat release during induced mitochondrial proton uncoupling. Commun Biol 2019; 2:279. [PMID: 31372518 PMCID: PMC6659641 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-shivering thermogenesis through mitochondrial proton uncoupling is one of the dominant thermoregulatory mechanisms crucial for normal cellular functions. The metabolic pathway for intracellular temperature rise has widely been considered as steady-state substrate oxidation. Here, we show that a transient proton motive force (pmf) dissipation is more dominant than steady-state substrate oxidation in stimulated thermogenesis. Using transient intracellular thermometry during stimulated proton uncoupling in neurons of Aplysia californica, we observe temperature spikes of ~7.5 K that decay over two time scales: a rapid decay of ~4.8 K over ~1 s followed by a slower decay over ~17 s. The rapid decay correlates well in time with transient electrical heating from proton transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Beyond ~33 s, we do not observe any heating from intracellular sources, including substrate oxidation and pmf dissipation. Our measurements demonstrate the utility of transient thermometry in better understanding the thermochemistry of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath C. Rajagopal
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Brown
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Dhruv Gelda
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Krishna V. Valavala
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Re3 Innovative Neuroscience Institute, Sarasota, FL USA
| | - Daniel A. Llano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Rhanor Gillette
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Sanjiv Sinha
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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40
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Temperature imaging using a cationic linear fluorescent polymeric thermometer and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1293-1321. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Fujita H, Zhong C, Arai S, Suzuki M. Bright Dots and Smart Optical Microscopy to Probe Intracellular Events in Single Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 6:204. [PMID: 30662896 PMCID: PMC6328461 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probing intracellular events is a key step in developing new biomedical methodologies. Optical microscopy has been one of the best options to observe biological samples at single cell and sub-cellular resolutions. Morphological changes are readily detectable in brightfield images. When stained with fluorescent molecules, distributions of intracellular organelles, and biological molecules are made visible using fluorescence microscopes. In addition to these morphological views of cells, optical microscopy can reveal the chemical and physical status of defined intracellular spaces. This review begins with a brief overview of genetically encoded fluorescent probes and small fluorescent chemical dyes. Although these are the most common approaches, probing is also made possible by using tiny materials that are incorporated into cells. When these tiny materials emit enough photons, it is possible to draw conclusions about the environment in which the tiny material resides. Recent advances in these tiny but sufficiently bright fluorescent materials are nextly reviewed to show their applications in tracking target molecules and in temperature imaging of intracellular spots. The last section of this review addresses purely optical methods for reading intracellular status without staining with probes. These non-labeling methods are especially essential when biospecimens are thereafter required for in vivo uses, such as in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujita
- WASEDA Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chongxia Zhong
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Arai
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- PRIME-AMED, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Suzuki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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42
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Sekiguchi T, Sotoma S, Harada Y. Fluorescent nanodiamonds as a robust temperature sensor inside a single cell. Biophys Physicobiol 2018; 15:229-234. [PMID: 30450272 PMCID: PMC6234897 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.15.0_229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermometers play an important role to study the biological significance of temperature. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) with negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy centers, a novel type of fluorescence-based temperature sensor, have physicochemical inertness, low cytotoxicity, extremely stable fluorescence, and unique magneto-optical properties that allow us to measure the temperature at the nanoscale level inside single cells. Here, we demonstrate that the thermosensing ability of FNDs is hardly influenced by environmental factors, such as pH, ion concentration, viscosity, molecular interaction, and organic solvent. This robustness renders FNDs reliable thermometers even under complex biological cellular environment. Moreover, the simple protocol developed here for measuring the absolute temperature inside a single cell using a single FND enables successful temperature measurement in a cell with an accuracy better than ±1°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Sekiguchi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shingo Sotoma
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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43
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Okabe K, Sakaguchi R, Shi B, Kiyonaka S. Intracellular thermometry with fluorescent sensors for thermal biology. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:717-731. [PMID: 29397424 PMCID: PMC5942359 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Temperature influences the activities of living organisms at various levels. Cells not only detect environmental temperature changes through their unique temperature-sensitive molecular machineries but also muster an appropriate response to the temperature change to maintain their inherent functions. Despite the fundamental involvement of temperature in physiological phenomena, the mechanism by which cells produce and use heat is largely unknown. Recently, fluorescent thermosensors that function as thermometers in live cells have attracted much attention in biology. These new tools, made of various temperature-sensitive molecules, have allowed for intracellular thermometry at the single-cell level. Intriguing spatiotemporal temperature variations, including organelle-specific thermogenesis, have been revealed with these fluorescent thermosensors, which suggest an intrinsic connection between temperature and cell functions. Moreover, fluorescent thermosensors have shown that intracellular temperature changes at the microscopic level are largely different from those assumed for a water environment at the macroscopic level. Thus, the employment of fluorescent thermosensors will uncover novel mechanisms of intracellular temperature-assisted physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohki Okabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- JST, PRESTO, 4-8-1 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- World Premier International Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Beini Shi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kiyonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
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44
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Theoretical model and characteristics of mitochondrial thermogenesis. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2018; 4:63-67. [PMID: 29756006 PMCID: PMC5937889 DOI: 10.1007/s41048-018-0054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the first law of thermodynamics and the thermal diffusion equation, the deduced theoretical model of mitochondrial thermogenesis satisfies the Laplace equation and is a special case of the thermal diffusion equation. The model settles the long-standing question of the ability to increase cellular temperature by endogenous thermogenesis and explains the thermogenic characteristics of brown adipocytes. The model and calculations also suggest that the number of free available protons is the major limiting factor for endogenous thermogenesis and its speed.
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45
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Mori Y, Voets T. Sensors and regulatory mechanisms of thermal physiology. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:703-704. [PMID: 29675676 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Thomas Voets
- VIB Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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46
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Chrétien D, Bénit P, Ha HH, Keipert S, El-Khoury R, Chang YT, Jastroch M, Jacobs HT, Rustin P, Rak M. Mitochondria are physiologically maintained at close to 50 °C. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2003992. [PMID: 29370167 PMCID: PMC5784887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In endothermic species, heat released as a product of metabolism ensures stable internal temperature throughout the organism, despite varying environmental conditions. Mitochondria are major actors in this thermogenic process. Part of the energy released by the oxidation of respiratory substrates drives ATP synthesis and metabolite transport, but a substantial proportion is released as heat. Using a temperature-sensitive fluorescent probe targeted to mitochondria, we measured mitochondrial temperature in situ under different physiological conditions. At a constant external temperature of 38 °C, mitochondria were more than 10 °C warmer when the respiratory chain (RC) was fully functional, both in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and primary skin fibroblasts. This differential was abolished in cells depleted of mitochondrial DNA or treated with respiratory inhibitors but preserved or enhanced by expressing thermogenic enzymes, such as the alternative oxidase or the uncoupling protein 1. The activity of various RC enzymes was maximal at or slightly above 50 °C. In view of their potential consequences, these observations need to be further validated and explored by independent methods. Our study prompts a critical re-examination of the literature on mitochondria. To ensure a stable internal temperature, endothermic species make use of the heat released during the final steps of food burning by the mitochondria present in all cells of the organism. Indeed, only a fraction of the energy released by the oxidation of respiratory substrates is used to generate ATP, while a substantial proportion is released as heat. Using a temperature-sensitive fluorescent probe targeted to mitochondria, we measured the temperature of active mitochondria in cultured intact human cells. Mitochondria were found to be more than 10 °C warmer when the respiratory chain was functional. This differential was abolished in cells depleted of mitochondrial DNA or by respiratory inhibitors but preserved or enhanced by the expression of thermogenic enzymes such as Ciona alternative oxidase or by uncoupling protein 1. The activity of various respiratory chain enzymes was found to be maximal near 50 °C. Note that in view of their potential consequences, the observations reported here need to be validated and explored further by independent methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Chrétien
- INSERM UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Paule Bénit
- INSERM UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Hyung-Ho Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riyad El-Khoury
- Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Howard T. Jacobs
- BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pierre Rustin
- INSERM UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Malgorzata Rak
- INSERM UMR1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
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47
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Dunn CD. Some Liked It Hot: A Hypothesis Regarding Establishment of the Proto-Mitochondrial Endosymbiont During Eukaryogenesis. J Mol Evol 2017; 85:99-106. [PMID: 28916841 PMCID: PMC5682861 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-017-9809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by a considerable increase in subcellular compartmentalization when compared to prokaryotes. Most evidence suggests that the earliest eukaryotes consisted of mitochondria derived from an α-proteobacterial ancestor enclosed within an archaeal host cell. However, what benefits the archaeal host and the proto-mitochondrial endosymbiont might have obtained at the beginning of this endosymbiotic relationship remains unclear. In this work, I argue that heat generated by the proto-mitochondrion initially permitted an archaeon living at high temperatures to colonize a cooler environment, thereby removing apparent limitations on cellular complexity. Furthermore, heat generation by the endosymbiont would have provided phenotypic flexibility not available through fixed alleles selected for fitness at specific temperatures. Finally, a role for heat production by the proto-mitochondrion bridges a conceptual gap between initial endosymbiont entry to the archaeal host and a later role for mitochondrial ATP production in permitting increased cellular complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory D Dunn
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,College of Sciences, Koç University, 34450, Sarıyer, İstanbul, Turkey.
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48
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Muller AWJ. Cancer is an adaptation that selects in animals against energy dissipation. Med Hypotheses 2017; 104:104-115. [PMID: 28673566 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As cancer usually follows reproduction, it is generally assumed that cancer does not select. Graham has however argued that juvenile cancer, which precedes reproduction, could during evolution have implemented a "cancer selection" that resulted in novel traits that suppress this juvenile cancer; an example is protection against UV sunlight-induced cancer, required for the emergence of terrestrial animals from the sea. We modify the cancer selection mechanism to the posited "cancer adaptation" mechanism, in which juvenile mortality is enhanced through the diminished care received by juveniles from their (grand) parents when these suffer from cancer in old age. Moreover, it is posited that the cancer adaptation selects against germline "dissipative genes", genes that result in enhanced free energy dissipation. Cancer's progression is interpreted as a cascade at increasing scale of repeated amplification of energy dissipation, a cascade involving heat shock, the Warburg effect, the cytokine IL-6, tumours, and hypermetabolism. Disturbance of any physiological process must enhance energy dissipation if the animal remains functioning normally, what explains multicausality, why "everything gives you cancer". The hypothesis thus comprises two newly invoked partial processes-diminished (grand) parental care and dissipation amplification-and results in a "selection against enhanced energy dissipation" which gives during evolution the benefit of energy conservation. Due to this benefit, cancer would essentially be an adaptation, and not a genetic disease, as assumed in the "somatic mutation theory". Cancer by somatic mutations is only a side process. The cancer adaptation hypothesis is substantiated by (1) cancer's extancy, (2) the failure of the somatic mutation theory, (3) cancer's initiation by a high temperature, (4) the interpretation of cancer's progression as a thermal process, and (5) the interpretation of tumours as organs that implement thermogenesis. The hypothesis could in principle be verified by monitoring in a population over several generations (1) the presence of dissipative genes, (2) the incidence of cancer, and (3) the beneficial effect of dissipative gene removal by cancer on starvation/famine survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonie W J Muller
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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49
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Measurement of local temperature increments induced by cultured HepG2 cells with micro-thermocouples in a thermally stabilized system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1721. [PMID: 28496166 PMCID: PMC5431931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To monitor the temperature distribution of a cell and its changes under varied conditions is currently a technical challenge. A variety of non-contact methods used for measuring cellular temperature have been developed, where changes of local temperature at cell-level and sub-cell-level are indirectly calculated through the changes in intensity, band-shape, bandwidth, lifetime or polarization anisotropy of the fluorescence spectra recorded from the nano-sized fluorescent materials pre-injected into the target cell. Unfortunately, the optical properties of the fluorescent nano-materials may be affected by complicated intracellular environment, leading to unexpected measurement errors and controversial arguments. Here, we attempted to offer an alternative approach for measuring the absolute increments of local temperature in micro-Testing Zones induced by live cells. In this method, built-in high-performance micro-thermocouple arrays and double-stabilized system with a stability of 10 mK were applied. Increments of local temperature close to adherent human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells were continuously recorded for days without stimulus, showing frequent fluctuations within 60 mK and a maximum increment by 285 mK. This method may open a door for real-time recording of the absolute local temperature increments of individual cells, therefore offering valuable information for cell biology and clinical therapy in the field of cancer research.
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50
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Optical visualisation of thermogenesis in stimulated single-cell brown adipocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1383. [PMID: 28469146 PMCID: PMC5431191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of brown adipose deposits in adults has led to significant interest in targeting this metabolically active tissue for treatment of obesity and diabetes. Improved methods for the direct measurement of heat production as the signature function of brown adipocytes (BAs), particularly at the single cell level, would be of substantial benefit to these ongoing efforts. Here, we report the first application of a small molecule-type thermosensitive fluorescent dye, ERthermAC, to monitor thermogenesis in BAs derived from murine brown fat precursors and in human brown fat cells differentiated from human neck brown preadipocytes. ERthermAC accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum of BAs and displayed a marked change in fluorescence intensity in response to adrenergic stimulation of cells, which corresponded to temperature change. ERthermAC fluorescence intensity profiles were congruent with mitochondrial depolarisation events visualised by the JC-1 probe. Moreover, the averaged fluorescence intensity changes across a population of cells correlated well with dynamic changes such as thermal power, oxygen consumption, and extracellular acidification rates. These findings suggest ERthermAC as a promising new tool for studying thermogenic function in brown adipocytes of both murine and human origins.
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