1
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Yao M, Han W, Zhang S. Cathodic Electrochemiluminesence Microscopy for Imaging of Single Carbon Nanotube and Nucleolin at Single Tumor Cell. Anal Chem 2023; 95:570-574. [PMID: 36596251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cathodic electrochemiluminesence (ECL) microscopy based on luminol analog L012 was originally established to implement the imaging of a single nanotube and nucleolin on a single tumor cell. This microscopy utilizes multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as advanced coreactant accelerators to efficiently convert dissolved oxygen (O2) and H2O2 into reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to excellent electrocatalytic properties. The produced ROS could oxide L012 into an excited state of L012 leading to a bright cathodic ECL illumination, thereby promoting ECL imaging of MWCNTs at a low triggering potential. After being modified with AS1411 aptamers, MWCNTs@AS1411 probes were incubated with tumor cells for specific ECL imaging of nucleolin on the plasma membrane, which permits cathodic ECL microscopy for label-free bioassays without ECL tags. The L012-based cathodic ECL microscopy with a moderate operating potential and label-free characteristics provides a universal approach in single nanomaterial and single-cell imaging and analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huairong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mei Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Wenxiu Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Marker Detection Technology, Equipment and Diagnosis-Therapy Integration in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China
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2
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Tian T, Qiao S, Tannous BA. Nanotechnology-Inspired Extracellular Vesicles Theranostics for Diagnosis and Therapy of Central Nervous System Diseases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:182-199. [PMID: 35929960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shuttling various bioactive substances across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) bidirectionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been opening new frontiers for the diagnosis and therapy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, clinical translation of EV-based theranostics remains challenging due to difficulties in effective EV engineering for superior imaging/therapeutic potential, ultrasensitive EV detection for small sample volume, as well as scale-up and standardized EV production. In the past decade, continuous advancement in nanotechnology provided extensive concepts and strategies for EV engineering and analysis, which inspired the application of EVs for CNS diseases. Here we will review the existing types of EV-nanomaterial hybrid systems with improved diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy for CNS diseases. A summary of recent progress in the incorporation of nanomaterials and nanostructures in EV production, separation, and analysis will also be provided. Moreover, the convergence between nanotechnology and microfluidics for integrated EV engineering and liquid biopsy of CNS diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Shuya Qiao
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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3
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Oliveira RJD. Coordinate-Dependent Drift-Diffusion Reveals the Kinetic Intermediate Traps of Top7-Based Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10854-10869. [PMID: 36519977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The computer-designed Top7 served as a scaffold to produce immunoreactive proteins by grafting of the 2F5 HIV-1 antibody epitope (Top7-2F5) followed by biotinylation (Top7-2F5-biotin). The resulting nonimmunoglobulin affinity proteins were effective in inducing and detecting the HIV-1 antibody. However, the grafted Top7-2F5 design led to protein aggregation, as opposed to the soluble biotinylated Top7-2F5-biotin. The structure-based model predicted that the thermodynamic cooperativity of Top7 increases after grafting and biotin-labeling, reducing their intermediate state populations. In this work, the folding kinetic traps that might contribute to the aggregation propensity are investigated by the diffusion theory. Since the engineered proteins have similar sequence and structural homology, they served as protein models to study the kinetic intermediate traps that were uncovered by characterizing the position-dependent drift-velocity (v(Q)) and the diffusion (D(Q)) coefficients. These coordinate-dependent coefficients were taken into account to obtain the folding and transition path times over the free energy transition states containing the intermediate kinetic traps. This analysis may be useful to predict the aggregated kinetic traps of scaffold-epitope proteins that might compose novel diagnostic and therapeutic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Junio de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biofísica Teórica, Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e Educação, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG38064-200, Brazil
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4
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Zeng Q, Liu Z, Niu T, He C, Qu Y, Qian Z. Application of nanotechnology in CAR-T-cell immunotherapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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5
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Computationally designed dual-color MRI reporters for noninvasive imaging of transgene expression. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1143-1149. [PMID: 35102291 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of gene-expression patterns in live animals is difficult to achieve with fluorescent proteins because tissues are opaque to visible light. Imaging of transgene expression with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which penetrates to deep tissues, has been limited by single reporter visualization capabilities. Moreover, the low-throughput capacity of MRI limits large-scale mutagenesis strategies to improve existing reporters. Here we develop an MRI system, called GeneREFORM, comprising orthogonal reporters for two-color imaging of transgene expression in deep tissues. Starting from two promiscuous deoxyribonucleoside kinases, we computationally designed highly active, orthogonal enzymes ('reporter genes') that specifically phosphorylate two MRI-detectable synthetic deoxyribonucleosides ('reporter probes'). Systemically administered reporter probes exclusively accumulate in cells expressing the designed reporter genes, and their distribution is displayed as pseudo-colored MRI maps based on dynamic proton exchange for noninvasive visualization of transgene expression. We envision that future extensions of GeneREFORM will pave the way to multiplexed deep-tissue mapping of gene expression in live animals.
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6
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Kataki-Anastasakou A, Hernandez S, Sletten EM. Cell-surface Labeling via Bioorthogonal Host-Guest Chemistry. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2124-2129. [PMID: 34669367 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy revolutionized chemical biology. However, its translation to living mammals has been challenging, due to the size/stability properties of the chemical reporter group and/or the reaction kinetics of the labeling step. While developing new bioorthogonal reactions has been the traditional approach to optimizing the bioorthogonal chemical reporter strategy, here we present a different avenue, leveraging intermolecular interactions, to create bioorthogonal host-guest pairs. This approach, deemed "bioorthogonal complexation, does not rely on activated functional groups or second-order rate constants. We utilize the cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) scaffold to showcase bioorthogonal complexation and determine that medium-affinity (Ka ≈ 108-109 M-1) guests efficiently label cell surfaces and outperform the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Finally, we implement bioorthogonal complexation in the chemical reporter strategy through the metabolic incorporation of ortho-carborane into cell-surface glycans and detection with a CB[7]-fluorescein conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kataki-Anastasakou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Selena Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ellen M. Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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7
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Zhuo Z, Wang J, Luo Y, Zeng R, Zhang C, Zhou W, Guo K, Wu H, Sha W, Chen H. Targeted extracellular vesicle delivery systems employing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:13-31. [PMID: 34284151 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes (50-150 nm) have attracted growing interest in numerous areas of cancer and tissue regeneration due to their unique biological features. A low isolation yield and insufficient targeting abilities limit their therapeutic applicability. Recently, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with magnetic navigation have been exploited to enhance the targeting ability of EVs. To construct targeted EV delivery systems engineered by SPIONs, several groups have pioneered the use of different techniques, such as electroporation, natural incubation, and cell extrusion, to directly internalize SPIONs into EVs. Furthermore, some endogenous ligands, such as transferrins, antibodies, aptamers, and streptavidin, were shown to enable modification of SPIONs, which increases binding with EVs. In this review, we summarized recent advances in targeted EV delivery systems engineered by SPIONs and focused on the key methodological approaches and the current applications of magnetic EVs. This report aims to address the existing challenges and provide comprehensive insights into targeted EV delivery systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Targeted extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery systems engineered by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have attracted wide attention and research interest in recent years. Such strategies employ external magnet fields to manipulate SPION-functionalized EVs remotely, aiming to enhance their accumulation and penetration in vivo. Although iron oxide nanoparticle laden EVs are interesting, they are controversial at present, hampering the progress in their clinical application. A thorough integration of these studies is needed for an advanced insight and rational design of targeted EV delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the design strategies of targeted EV delivery systems engineered by SPIONs with a focus on their key methodological approaches, current applications, limitation and future perspectives, which may facilitate the development of natural theranostic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yujun Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ruijie Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kehang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huihuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weihong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Barría MI, Alvarez RA, Law K, Wolfson DL, Huser T, Chen BK. Endocytic Motif on a Biotin-Tagged HIV-1 Env Modulates the Co-Transfer of Env and Gag during Cell-to-Cell Transmission. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091729. [PMID: 34578310 PMCID: PMC8471404 DOI: 10.3390/v13091729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During HIV-1 transmission through T cell virological synapses, the recruitment of the envelope (Env) glycoprotein to the site of cell-cell contact is important for adhesion and for packaging onto nascent virus particles which assemble at the site. Live imaging studies in CD4 T cells have captured the rapid recruitment of the viral structural protein Gag to VSs. We explored the role of endocytic trafficking of Env initiated by a membrane proximal tyrosine motif during HIV transfer into target cells and examined the factors that allow Gag and Env to be transferred together across the synapse. To facilitate tracking of Env in live cells, we adapted an Env tagging method and introduced a biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) into the V4 loop of Env gp120, enabling sensitive fluorescent tracking of V4-biotinylated Env. The BAP-tagged and biotinylated HIVs were replication-competent in cell-free and cell-to-cell infection assays. Live cell fluorescent imaging experiments showed rapid internalized cell surface Env on infected cells. Cell-cell transfer experiments conducted with the Env endocytosis mutant (Y712A) showed increased transfer of Env. Paradoxically, this increase in Env transfer was associated with significantly reduced Gag transfer into target cells, when compared to viral transfer associated with WT Env. This Y712A Env mutant also exhibited an altered Gag/biotin Env fluorescence ratio during transfer that correlated with decreased productive cell-to-cell infection. These results may suggest that the internalization of Env into recycling pools plays an important role in the coordinated transfer of Gag and Env across the VS, which optimizes productive infection in target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Barría
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5501842, Chile;
| | - Raymond A. Alvarez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (R.A.A.); (K.L.)
| | - Kenneth Law
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (R.A.A.); (K.L.)
| | - Deanna L. Wolfson
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Thomas Huser
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Benjamin K. Chen
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5501842, Chile;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Advances in Functionalized Photosensitive Polymeric Nanocarriers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152464. [PMID: 34372067 PMCID: PMC8348146 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of light-responsive nanocarriers (LRNs) with a variety of surface functional groups and/or ligands has been intensively explored for space-temporal controlled cargo release. LRNs have been designed on demand for photodynamic-, photothermal-, chemo-, and radiotherapy, protected delivery of bioactive molecules, such as smart drug delivery systems and for theranostic duties. LRNs trigger the release of cargo by a light stimulus. The idea of modifying LRNs with different moieties and ligands search for site-specific cargo delivery imparting stealth effects and/or eliciting specific cellular interactions to improve the nanosystems’ safety and efficacy. This work reviews photoresponsive polymeric nanocarriers and photo-stimulation mechanisms, surface chemistry to link ligands and characterization of the resultant nanosystems. It summarizes the interesting biomedical applications of functionalized photo-controlled nanocarriers, highlighting the current challenges and opportunities of such high-performance photo-triggered delivery systems.
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10
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Ahmed N, Gandhi D, Melhem ER, Frenkel V. MRI Guided Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Delivery of Therapeutic Cells to the Brain: A Review of the State-of-the-Art Methodology and Future Applications. Front Neurol 2021; 12:669449. [PMID: 34220679 PMCID: PMC8248790 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.669449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell and immune cell therapies are being investigated as a potential therapeutic modality for CNS disorders, performing functions such as targeted drug or growth factor delivery, tumor cell destruction, or inflammatory regulation. Despite promising preclinical studies, delivery routes for maximizing cell engraftment, such as stereotactic or intrathecal injection, are invasive and carry risks of hemorrhage and infection. Recent developments in MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) technology have significant implications for treating focal CNS pathologies including neurodegenerative, vascular and malignant processes. MRgFUS is currently employed in the clinic for treating essential tremor and Parkinson's Disease by producing precise, incisionless, transcranial lesions. This non-invasive technology can also be modified for non-destructive applications to safely and transiently open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to deliver a range of therapeutics, including cells. This review is meant to familiarize the neuro-interventionalist with this topic and discusses the use of MRgFUS for facilitating cellular delivery to the brain. A detailed and comprehensive description is provided on routes of cell administration, imaging strategies for targeting and tracking cellular delivery and engraftment, biophysical mechanisms of BBB enhanced permeability, supportive proof-of-concept studies, and potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabid Ahmed
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dheeraj Gandhi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elias R Melhem
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Victor Frenkel
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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11
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Chen Y, Gou X, Ma C, Jiang D, Zhu JJ. A Synergistic Coreactant for Single-Cell Electrochemiluminescence Imaging: Guanine-Rich ssDNA-Loaded High-Index Faceted Gold Nanoflowers. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7682-7689. [PMID: 34011149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) coreactant to minimize the biotoxicity and to maximize the enhancement factor is critical to single-cell ECL microscopy. Here, we reported a guanine-rich single-stranded DNA (G-ssDNA)-loaded high-index faceted gold nanoflower (Hi-AuNF) as a synergistic coreactant of Ru(bpy)32+ for single-cell ECL imaging. Because of the excellent catalytic performance and huge specific surface area, Hi-AuNF serves as not only an ECL enhancer but also a carrier for G-ssDNA. Guanine in G-ssDNA specifically reacts with Ru(bpy)32+ through a so-called "catalytic route" and thus significantly enhances the ECL signal of Ru(bpy)32+. To endow targeting ability to the synergistic coreactant, an aptamer of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is incorporated into the G-ssDNA to form G-ssDNA-Apt for the recognition of human breast adenocarcinoma cells, which overexpress CEA on the cytomembrane. Accordingly, the ECL imaging of CEA on the cytomembrane was realized by using the highly selective Hi-AuNF@G-ssDNA-Apt as the probe as well as the luminophore of Ru(bpy)32+. Compared with the common coreactant tripropylamine with high toxicity and volatility, the Hi-AuNF@G-ssDNA-Apt is considered as a high-performance and biocompatible coreactant, providing exciting opportunities in single-cell imaging and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiaodan Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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12
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Han D, Zhang B, Su L, Yang B. Attachment of streptavidin-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to the PC-12 cell membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:045014. [PMID: 32069444 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab7764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Efficient attachment of magnetic nanoparticles to cell membranes plays an important role in the activation of cell membrane channels. Streptavidin (SA) was successfully modified to Poly (ethylene imine) (PEI)-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to form SA/PEI-SPIONs, which have high colloidal stability and low cytotoxicity. The SA/PEI-SPIONs were incubated with PC-12 cells which had first been cultured in a Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium 1640 containing 0.2 mg l-1 biotin for 12 h. The cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the nanoparticles were clearly attached on the cell membrane, which can be attributed to the specific binding between the SA and biotin sites on the cell surface. This work provides a simple way to attach SA-modified nanoparticles on the membranes of cells by only culturing cells in a biotin-containing medium. This work makes possible biomedical applications that require nanoparticles to target cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology; Key Laboratory of Nonferrous and Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optical and Electronic Materials and Devices. Jian Gan Road 12, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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13
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Hyaluronan-Based Grafting Strategies for Liver Stem Cell Therapy and Tracking Methods. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:3620546. [PMID: 31354838 PMCID: PMC6636496 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3620546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion is essential for survival, it plays important roles in physiological cell functions, and it is an innovative target in regenerative medicine. Among the molecular interactions and the pathways triggered during cell adhesion, the binding of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, to hyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix, is a crucial step. Cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for advanced liver diseases; however, so far, it has led to low cell engraftment and limited cell repopulation of the target tissue. Currently, different strategies are under investigation to improve cell grafting in the liver, including the use of organic and inorganic biomatrices that mimic the microenvironment of the extracellular matrix. Hyaluronans, major components of stem cell niches, are attractive candidates for coating stem cells since they improve viability, proliferation, and engraftment in damaged livers. In this review, we will discuss the new strategies that have been adopted to improve cell grafting and track cells after transplantation.
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14
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Liu X, Yang Z, Sun J, Ma T, Hua F, Shen Z. A brief review of cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3875-3892. [PMID: 31213807 PMCID: PMC6539172 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s205574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells have shown great promise for application in regenerative medicine owing to their particular therapeutic effects, such as significant self-renewability, low immunogenicity, and ability to differentiate into a variety of specialized cells. However, there remain certain complicated and unavoidable problems that limit their further development and application. One of the challenges is to noninvasively monitor the delivery and biodistribution of transplanted stem cells during treatment without relying on behavioral endpoints or tissue histology, and it is important to explore the potential mechanisms to clarify how stem cells work in vivo. To solve these problems, various nanoparticles (NPs) and their corresponding imaging methods have been developed recently and have made great progress. In this review, we mainly discuss NPs used to label stem cells and their toxic effects on the latter, the imaging techniques to detect such NPs, and the current existing challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziying Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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15
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Granhøj J, Dimke H, Svenningsen P. A bacterial display system for effective selection of protein-biotin ligase BirA variants with novel peptide specificity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4118. [PMID: 30858523 PMCID: PMC6411976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotinylation creates a sensitive and specific tag for purification and detection of target proteins. The E. coli protein-biotin ligase BirA biotinylates a lysine within a synthetic biotin acceptor peptide (AP) and allow for specific tagging of proteins fused to the AP. The approach is not applicable to unmodified proteins, and we sought to develop an effective selection system that could form the basis for directed evolution of novel BirA variants with specificity towards unmodified proteins. The system was based on bacterial display of a target peptide sequence, which could be biotinylated by cytosolic BirA variants before being displayed on the surface. In a model selection, the bacterial display system accomplished >1.000.000 enrichment in a single selection step. A randomly mutated BirA library was used to identify novel variants. Bacteria displaying peptide sequences from 13 out of 14 tested proteins were strongly enriched after 3-5 selection rounds. Moreover, a clone selected for biotinylation of a C-terminal peptide from red-fluorescent protein TagRFP showed biotinylation of the native protein. Thus, active BirA variants with novel activity are effectively isolated with our bacterial display system and provides a basis for the development of BirA variants for site-selective biotinylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Granhøj
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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16
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Advances in Engineering and Application of Optogenetic Indicators for Neuroscience. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to investigate the brain is limited by available technologies that can record biological processes in vivo with suitable spatiotemporal resolution. Advances in optogenetics now enable optical recording and perturbation of central physiological processes within the intact brains of model organisms. By monitoring key signaling molecules noninvasively, we can better appreciate how information is processed and integrated within intact circuits. In this review, we describe recent efforts engineering genetically-encoded fluorescence indicators to monitor neuronal activity. We summarize recent advances of sensors for calcium, potassium, voltage, and select neurotransmitters, focusing on their molecular design, properties, and current limitations. We also highlight impressive applications of these sensors in neuroscience research. We adopt the view that advances in sensor engineering will yield enduring insights on systems neuroscience. Neuroscientists are eager to adopt suitable tools for imaging neural activity in vivo, making this a golden age for engineering optogenetic indicators.
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17
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Monitoring hippocampal glycine with the computationally designed optical sensor GlyFS. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:861-869. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Zhang P, Cui Y, Anderson CF, Zhang C, Li Y, Wang R, Cui H. Peptide-based nanoprobes for molecular imaging and disease diagnostics. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3490-3529. [PMID: 29497722 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00793k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathological changes in a diseased site are often accompanied by abnormal activities of various biomolecules in and around the involved cells. Identifying the location and expression levels of these biomolecules could enable early-stage diagnosis of the related disease, the design of an appropriate treatment strategy, and the accurate assessment of the treatment outcomes. Over the past two decades, a great diversity of peptide-based nanoprobes (PBNs) have been developed, aiming to improve the in vitro and in vivo performances of water-soluble molecular probes through engineering of their primary chemical structures as well as the physicochemical properties of their resultant assemblies. In this review, we introduce strategies and approaches adopted for the identification of functional peptides in the context of molecular imaging and disease diagnostics, and then focus our discussion on the design and construction of PBNs capable of navigating through physiological barriers for targeted delivery and improved specificity and sensitivity in recognizing target biomolecules. We highlight the biological and structural roles that low-molecular-weight peptides play in PBN design and provide our perspectives on the future development of PBNs for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center for Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Moghaddam-Taaheri P, Karlsson AJ. Protein Labeling in Live Cells for Immunological Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:680-685. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Mukherjee A, Davis HC, Ramesh P, Lu GJ, Shapiro MG. Biomolecular MRI reporters: Evolution of new mechanisms. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 102-103:32-42. [PMID: 29157492 PMCID: PMC5726449 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful technique for observing the function of specific cells and molecules inside living organisms. However, compared to optical microscopy, in which fluorescent protein reporters are available to visualize hundreds of cellular functions ranging from gene expression and chemical signaling to biomechanics, to date relatively few such reporters are available for MRI. Efforts to develop MRI-detectable biomolecules have mainly focused on proteins transporting paramagnetic metals for T1 and T2 relaxation enhancement or containing large numbers of exchangeable protons for chemical exchange saturation transfer. While these pioneering developments established several key uses of biomolecular MRI, such as imaging of gene expression and functional biosensing, they also revealed that low molecular sensitivity poses a major challenge for broader adoption in biology and medicine. Recently, new classes of biomolecular reporters have been developed based on alternative contrast mechanisms, including enhancement of spin diffusivity, interactions with hyperpolarized nuclei, and modulation of blood flow. These novel reporters promise to improve sensitivity and enable new forms of multiplexed and functional imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mukherjee
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Hunter C Davis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Pradeep Ramesh
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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21
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Genetically encoded iron-associated proteins as MRI reporters for molecular and cellular imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Ethyl pyruvate modulates delayed paralysis following thoracic aortic ischemia reperfusion in mice. J Vasc Surg 2017; 64:1433-1443. [PMID: 27776698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.06.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delayed paralysis is an unpredictable problem for patients undergoing complex repair of the thoracic/thoracoabdominal aorta. These experiments were designed to determine whether ethyl pyruvate (EP), a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, might ameliorate delayed paralysis following thoracic aortic ischemia reperfusion (TAR). METHODS C57BL6 mice were subjected to 5 minutes of thoracic aortic ischemia followed by reperfusion for up to 48 hours. Mice received either 300 mg/kg EP or lactated ringers (LR) at 30 minutes before ischemia and 3 hours after reperfusion. Neurologic function was assessed using an established rodent scale. Spinal cord tissue was analyzed for markers of inflammation (keratinocyte chemoattractant [KC], interleukin-6 [IL-6]), microglial activation (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 [Iba-1]), and apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling [TUNEL] staining) at 24 and 48 hours after TAR. Nissl body stained motor neurons were counted in the anterior horns sections from L1-L5 segments. RESULTS Ninety-three percent of the LR mice developed dense delayed paralysis between 40 and 48 hours after TAR, whereas only 39% of EP mice developed delayed paralysis (P < .01). Bcl-2 expression was higher (P < .05) and Iba-1 expression was lower (P < .05) in the EP group only at 24 hours reperfusion. At 48 hours, the number of motor neurons was higher (P < .01) and the number and TUNEL-positive cells was lower (P < .001) in the EP-treated mice. EP decreased the expression of KC (P < .01) and IL-6 (P < .001) at 48 hours after TAR. CONCLUSIONS The protection provided by EP against delayed paralysis correlated with preservation of motor neurons, higher expression of antiapoptotic molecules, decreased microglial cell activation, and decreased spinal cord inflammation. EP may be a treatment for humans at risk for delayed paralysis.
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Li A, Wu Y, Linnoila J, Pulli B, Wang C, Zeller M, Ali M, Lewandrowski GK, Li J, Tricot B, Keliher E, Wojtkiewicz GR, Fulci G, Feng X, Tannous BA, Yao Z, Chen JW. Surface biotinylation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes for in vivo tracking of tumor immunotherapy in murine models. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1545-1554. [PMID: 27722909 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no stable and flexible method to label and track cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vivo in CTL immunotherapy. We aimed to evaluate whether the sulfo-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-biotin-streptavidin (SA) platform could chemically modify the cell surface of CTLs for in vivo tracking. CD8+ T lymphocytes were labeled with sulfo-NHS-biotin under different conditions and then incubated with SA-Alexa647. Labeling efficiency was proportional to sulfo-NHS-biotin concentration. CD8+ T lymphocytes could be labeled with higher efficiency with sulfo-NHS-biotin in DPBS than in RPMI (P < 0.05). Incubation temperature was not a key factor. CTLs maintained sufficient labeling for at least 72 h (P < 0.05), without altering cell viability. After co-culturing labeled CTLs with mouse glioma stem cells (GSCs) engineered to present biotin on their surface, targeting CTLs could specifically target biotin-presenting GSCs and inhibited cell proliferation (P < 0.01) and tumor spheres formation. In a biotin-presenting GSC brain tumor model, targeting CTLs could be detected in biotin-presenting gliomas in mouse brains but not in the non-tumor-bearing contralateral hemispheres (P < 0.05). In vivo fluorescent molecular tomography imaging in a subcutaneous U87 mouse model confirmed that targeting CTLs homed in on the biotin-presenting U87 tumors but not the control U87 tumors. PET imaging with 89Zr-deferoxamine-biotin and SA showed a rapid clearance of the PET signal over 24 h in the control tumor, while only minimally decreased in the targeted tumor. Thus, sulfo-NHS-biotin-SA labeling is an efficient method to noninvasively track the migration of adoptive transferred CTLs and does not alter CTL viability or interfere with CTL-mediated cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anning Li
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumchi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumchi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jenny Linnoila
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin Pulli
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Cuihua Wang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Grant K Lewandrowski
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Neuroscience Center, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jinghui Li
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Benoit Tricot
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Edmund Keliher
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Giulia Fulci
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Simches Research Building, Neurosurgery Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Feng
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumchi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Neuroscience Center, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zhenwei Yao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumchi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - John W Chen
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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24
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Patrick PS, Rodrigues TB, Kettunen MI, Lyons SK, Neves AA, Brindle KM. Development of Timd2 as a reporter gene for MRI. Magn Reson Med 2016; 75:1697-707. [PMID: 25981669 PMCID: PMC4832381 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the potential of an MRI gene reporter based on the ferritin receptor Timd2 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing protein 2), using T1- and T2-weighted imaging. METHODS Pellets of cells that had been modified to express the Timd2 transgene, and incubated with either iron-loaded or manganese-loaded ferritin, were imaged using T1- and T2-weighted MRI. Mice were also implanted subcutaneously with Timd2-expressing cells and the resulting xenograft tissue imaged following intravenous injection of ferritin using T2-weighted imaging. RESULTS Timd2-expressing cells, but not control cells, showed a large increase in both R2 and R1 in vitro following incubation with iron-loaded and manganese-loaded ferritin, respectively. Expression of Timd2 had no effect on cell viability or proliferation; however, manganese-loaded ferritin, but not iron-loaded ferritin, was toxic to Timd2-expressing cells. Timd2-expressing xenografts in vivo showed much smaller changes in R2 following injection of iron-loaded ferritin than the same cells incubated in vitro with iron-loaded ferritin. CONCLUSION Timd2 has demonstrated potential as an MRI reporter gene, producing large increases in R2 and R1 with ferritin and manganese-loaded ferritin respectively in vitro, although more modest changes in R2 in vivo. Manganese-loaded apoferritin was not used in vivo due to the toxicity observed in vitro. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Stephen Patrick
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Tiago B. Rodrigues
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Mikko I. Kettunen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Scott K. Lyons
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - André A. Neves
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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25
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Tracking and Increasing Viability of Topically Injected Fibroblasts Suspended in Hyaluronic Acid Filler. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:521-5. [PMID: 26854786 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A new injectable tissue-engineered soft tissue consisting of a mixture of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler and cultured human fibroblasts have been developed by the authors. To establish this method as a standard treatment, a further study was required to determine whether the injected fibroblasts could stay at the injected place or move to other sites. In addition, effective strategies were needed to increase viability of the injected fibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to track the injected fibroblasts and to determine the effect of adding prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or vitamin C on the viability of fibroblasts.Human fibroblasts labeled with fluorescence dye were suspended in HA filler and injected into 4 sites on the back of nude mice. The injected bioimplants consisted of one of the 4 followings: HA filler without cells (HA group), fibroblasts suspended in HA filler (HA + FB group), PGE1-supplemented fibroblasts in HA filler (HA + FB + PGE1 group), and vitamin C-supplemented fibroblasts in HA filler (HA + FB + VC group). At 4 weeks after injection, locations and intensities of the fluorescence signals were evaluated using a live imaging system.The fluorescence signals of the fibroblast-containing groups were visible only at the injected sites without dispersing to other sites. The HA +FB + PGE1 group showed a significantly higher fluorescence signal than the HA + FB and the HA + FB +VC groups (P < 0.05, each). There was no statistical difference between the HA + FB and HA + FB +VC groups (P = 0.69).The results of the current study collectively suggest that injected fibroblasts suspended in HA filler stay at the injected place without moving to other sites. In addition, PGE1 treatment may increase the remaining rhodamine B isothiocynanate dye at the injected site of the human dermal fibroblasts.
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Abstract
Lineage tracing is a widely used method for understanding cellular dynamics in multicellular organisms during processes such as development, adult tissue maintenance, injury repair and tumorigenesis. Advances in tracing or tracking methods, from light microscopy-based live cell tracking to fluorescent label-tracing with two-photon microscopy, together with emerging tissue clearing strategies and intravital imaging approaches have enabled scientists to decipher adult stem and progenitor cell properties in various tissues and in a wide variety of biological processes. Although technical advances have enabled time-controlled genetic labeling and simultaneous live imaging, a number of obstacles still need to be overcome. In this review, we aim to provide an in-depth description of the traditional use of lineage tracing as well as current strategies and upcoming new methods of labeling and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Department of Genetics and Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
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27
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Kuijten MMP, Hannah Degeling M, Chen JW, Wojtkiewicz G, Waterman P, Weissleder R, Azzi J, Nicolay K, Tannous BA. Multimodal targeted high relaxivity thermosensitive liposome for in vivo imaging. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17220. [PMID: 26610702 PMCID: PMC4661695 DOI: 10.1038/srep17220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are spherical, self-closed structures formed by lipid bilayers that can encapsulate drugs and/or imaging agents in their hydrophilic core or within their membrane moiety, making them suitable delivery vehicles. We have synthesized a new liposome containing gadolinium-DOTA lipid bilayer, as a targeting multimodal molecular imaging agent for magnetic resonance and optical imaging. We showed that this liposome has a much higher molar relaxivities r1 and r2 compared to a more conventional liposome containing gadolinium-DTPA-BSA lipid. By incorporating both gadolinium and rhodamine in the lipid bilayer as well as biotin on its surface, we used this agent for multimodal imaging and targeting of tumors through the strong biotin-streptavidin interaction. Since this new liposome is thermosensitive, it can be used for ultrasound-mediated drug delivery at specific sites, such as tumors, and can be guided by magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayke M. P. Kuijten
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical NMR, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - M. Hannah Degeling
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - John W. Chen
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Gregory Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Peter Waterman
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Jamil Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical NMR, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Krager KJ, Koland JG. Metabolically Biotinylated Reporters for Electron Microscopic Imaging of Cytoplasmic Membrane Microdomains. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1376:87-96. [PMID: 26552677 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3170-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The protein and lipid substituents of cytoplasmic membranes are not in general homogeneously distributed across the membrane surface. Many membrane proteins, including ion channels, receptors, and other signaling molecules, exhibit a profound submicroscopic spatial organization, in some cases clustering in submicron membrane subdomains having a protein and lipid composition distinct from that of the bulk membrane. In the case of membrane-associated signaling molecules, mounting evidence indicates that their nanoscale organization, for example the colocalization of differing signaling molecules in the same membrane microdomains versus their segregation into distinct microdomain species, can significantly impact signal transduction. Biochemical membrane fractionation approaches have been used to characterize membrane subdomains of unique protein and lipid composition, including cholesterol-rich lipid raft structures. However, the intrinsically perturbing nature of fractionation methods makes the interpretation of such characterization subject to question, and indeed the existence and significance of lipid rafts remain controversial. Electron microscopic (EM) imaging of immunogold-labeled proteins in plasma membrane sheets has emerged as a powerful method for visualizing the nanoscale organization and colocalization of membrane proteins, which is not as perturbing of membrane structure as are biochemical approaches. For the purpose of imaging putative lipid raft structures, we recently developed a streamlined EM membrane sheet imaging procedure that employs a unique genetically encoded and metabolically biotinylated reporter that is targeted to membrane inner leaflet lipid rafts. We describe here the principles of this procedure and its application in the imaging of plasma membrane inner leaflet lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Krager
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - John G Koland
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Jaykumar AB, Caceres PS, Sablaban I, Tannous BA, Ortiz PA. Real-time monitoring of NKCC2 endocytosis by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F183-91. [PMID: 26538436 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00104.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) mediates NaCl reabsorption by the thick ascending limb (TAL). The amount of NKCC2 at the apical membrane of TAL cells is determined by exocytic delivery, recycling, and endocytosis. Surface biotinylation allows measurement of NKCC2 endocytosis, but it has low time resolution and does not allow imaging of the dynamic process of endocytosis. We hypothesized that total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy imaging of labeled NKCC2 would allow monitoring of NKCC2 endocytosis in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and TAL cells. Thus we generated a NKCC2 construct containing a biotin acceptor domain (BAD) sequence between the transmembrane domains 5 and 6. Once expressed in polarized MDCK or TAL cells, surface NKCC2 was specifically biotinylated by exogenous biotin ligase (BirA). We also demonstrate that expression of a secretory form of BirA in TAL cells induces metabolic biotinylation of NKCC2. Labeling biotinylated surface NKCC2 with fluorescent streptavidin showed that most apical NKCC2 was located within small discrete domains or clusters referred to as "puncta" on the TIRF field. NKCC2 puncta were observed to disappear from the TIRF field, indicating an endocytic event which led to a decrease in the number of surface puncta at a rate of 1.18 ± 0.16%/min in MDCK cells, and a rate 1.09 ± 0.08%/min in TAL cells (n = 5). Treating cells with a cholesterol-chelating agent (methyl-β-cyclodextrin) completely blocked NKCC2 endocytosis. We conclude that TIRF microscopy of labeled NKCC2 allows the dynamic imaging of individual endocytic events at the apical membrane of TAL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bachhawat Jaykumar
- Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Paulo S Caceres
- Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Ibrahim Sablaban
- Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pablo A Ortiz
- Hypertension and Vascular Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and
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30
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Specific detection of avidin–biotin binding using liquid crystal droplets. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 127:241-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Nanoparticles are frequently suggested as diagnostic agents. However, except for iron oxide nanoparticles, diagnostic nanoparticles have been barely incorporated into clinical use so far. This is predominantly due to difficulties in achieving acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and reproducible particle uniformity as well as to concerns about toxicity, biodegradation, and elimination. Reasonable indications for the clinical utilization of nanoparticles should consider their biologic behavior. For example, many nanoparticles are taken up by macrophages and accumulate in macrophage-rich tissues. Thus, they can be used to provide contrast in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and inflammatory lesions (eg, atherosclerotic plaques). Furthermore, cells can be efficiently labeled with nanoparticles, enabling the localization of implanted (stem) cells and tissue-engineered grafts as well as in vivo migration studies of cells. The potential of using nanoparticles for molecular imaging is compromised because their pharmacokinetic properties are difficult to control. Ideal targets for nanoparticles are localized on the endothelial luminal surface, whereas targeted nanoparticle delivery to extravascular structures is often limited and difficult to separate from an underlying enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The majority of clinically used nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are based on the EPR effect, and, for their more personalized use, imaging markers can be incorporated to monitor biodistribution, target site accumulation, drug release, and treatment efficacy. In conclusion, although nanoparticles are not always the right choice for molecular imaging (because smaller or larger molecules might provide more specific information), there are other diagnostic and theranostic applications for which nanoparticles hold substantial clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kiessling
- From the Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (F.K., M.E.M., T.L.); and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (J.G.)
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Bag N, Mathur R, Singh S, Hussain F, Chauhan RP, Chuttani K, Mishra AK. Design, synthesis and evaluation of the QD-DTC–bisbiotin nanobioconjugate as a potential optical-SPECT imaging agent. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biotinylated dithiocarbamate ligand modified quantum dots improve targeting while maintaining the photoluminescence for efficient imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmada Bag
- Department of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Defence Research and Development Organization
- New Delhi-110054
- India
| | - Rashi Mathur
- Department of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Defence Research and Development Organization
- New Delhi-110054
- India
| | - Sweta Singh
- Department of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Defence Research and Development Organization
- New Delhi-110054
- India
| | - Firasat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry
- Delhi University
- New Delhi-110054
- India
| | | | - Krishna Chuttani
- Department of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Defence Research and Development Organization
- New Delhi-110054
- India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
- Defence Research and Development Organization
- New Delhi-110054
- India
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33
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Particle generation, functionalization and sortase A–mediated modification with targeting of single-chain antibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic use. Nat Protoc 2014; 10:90-105. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Naumova AV, Modo M, Moore A, Murry CE, Frank JA. Clinical imaging in regenerative medicine. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:804-18. [PMID: 25093889 PMCID: PMC4164232 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, clinical imaging is indispensable for characterizing damaged tissue and for measuring the safety and efficacy of therapy. However, the ability to track the fate and function of transplanted cells with current technologies is limited. Exogenous contrast labels such as nanoparticles give a strong signal in the short term but are unreliable long term. Genetically encoded labels are good both short- and long-term in animals, but in the human setting they raise regulatory issues related to the safety of genomic integration and potential immunogenicity of reporter proteins. Imaging studies in brain, heart and islets share a common set of challenges, including developing novel labeling approaches to improve detection thresholds and early delineation of toxicity and function. Key areas for future research include addressing safety concerns associated with genetic labels and developing methods to follow cell survival, differentiation and integration with host tissue. Imaging may bridge the gap between cell therapies and health outcomes by elucidating mechanisms of action through longitudinal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Naumova
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Centre for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joseph A Frank
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,National Institutes of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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35
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Liu Z, Li Z. Molecular imaging in tracking tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:990-1001. [PMID: 25157278 PMCID: PMC4142291 DOI: 10.7150/thno.9268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable progress of adoptive T cell therapy in cancer treatment, there remains an urgent need for the noninvasive tracking of the transfused T cells in patients to determine their biodistribution, viability, and functionality. With emerging molecular imaging technologies and cell-labeling methods, noninvasive in vivo cell tracking is experiencing impressive progress toward revealing the mechanisms and functions of these cells in real time in preclinical and clinical studies. Such cell tracking methods have an important role in developing effective T cell therapeutic strategies and steering decision-making process in clinical trials. On the other hand, they could provide crucial information to accelerate the regulatory approval process on the T cell therapy. In this review, we revisit the advances in tracking the tumor-specific CTLs, highlighting the latest development in human studies and the key challenges.
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36
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Naturally enveloped AAV vectors for shielding neutralizing antibodies and robust gene delivery in vivo. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7598-609. [PMID: 24917028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently adeno-associated virus (AAV) became the first clinically approved gene therapy product in the western world. To develop AAV for future clinical application in a widespread patient base, particularly in therapies which require intravenous (i.v.) administration of vector, the virus must be able to evade pre-existing antibodies to the wild type virus. Here we demonstrate that in mice, AAV vectors associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) can evade human anti-AAV neutralizing antibodies. We observed different antibody evasion and gene transfer abilities with populations of EVs isolated by different centrifugal forces. EV-associated AAV vector (ev-AAV) was up to 136-fold more resistant over a range of neutralizing antibody concentrations relative to standard AAV vector in vitro. Importantly in mice, at a concentration of passively transferred human antibodies which decreased i.v. administered standard AAV transduction of brain by 80%, transduction of ev-AAV transduction was not reduced and was 4000-fold higher. Finally, we show that expressing a brain targeting peptide on the EV surface allowed significant enhancement of transduction compared to untargeted ev-AAV. Using ev-AAV represents an effective, clinically relevant approach to evade human neutralizing anti-AAV antibodies after systemic administration of vector.
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37
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Melgar-Lesmes P, Morral-Ruíz G, Solans C, García-Celma MJ. Quantifying the bioadhesive properties of surface-modified polyurethane-urea nanoparticles in the vascular network. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 118:280-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Kang SW, Lee S, Na JH, Yoon HI, Lee DE, Koo H, Cho YW, Kim SH, Jeong SY, Kwon IC, Choi K, Kim K. Cell labeling and tracking method without distorted signals by phagocytosis of macrophages. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:420-31. [PMID: 24578725 PMCID: PMC3936294 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell labeling and tracking are important processes in understanding biologic mechanisms and the therapeutic effect of inoculated cells in vivo. Numerous attempts have been made to label and track inoculated cells in vivo; however, these methods have limitations as a result of their biological effects, including secondary phagocytosis of macrophages and genetic modification. Here, we investigated a new cell labeling and tracking strategy based on metabolic glycoengineering and bioorthogonal click chemistry. We first treated cells with tetra-acetylated N-azidoacetyl-D-mannosamine to generate unnatural sialic acids with azide groups on the surface of the target cells. The azide-labeled cells were then transplanted to mouse liver, and dibenzyl cyclooctyne-conjugated Cy5 (DBCO-Cy5) was intravenously injected into mice to chemically bind with the azide groups on the surface of the target cells in vivo for target cell visualization. Unnatural sialic acids with azide groups could be artificially induced on the surface of target cells by glycoengineering. We then tracked the azide groups on the surface of the cells by DBCO-Cy5 in vivo using bioorthogonal click chemistry. Importantly, labeling efficacy was enhanced and false signals by phagocytosis of macrophages were reduced. This strategy will be highly useful for cell labeling and tracking.
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39
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Lai CP, Mardini O, Ericsson M, Prabhakar S, Maguire C, Chen JW, Tannous BA, Breakefield XO. Dynamic biodistribution of extracellular vesicles in vivo using a multimodal imaging reporter. ACS NANO 2014; 8:483-494. [PMID: 24383518 PMCID: PMC3934350 DOI: 10.1021/nn404945r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles released by normal and diseased cells as a novel form of intercellular communication and can serve as an effective therapeutic vehicle for genes and drugs. Yet, much remains unknown about the in vivo properties of EVs such as tissue distribution, blood levels, and urine clearance, important parameters that will define their therapeutic effectiveness and potential toxicity. Here we combined Gaussia luciferase and metabolic biotinylation to create a sensitive EV reporter (EV-GlucB) for multimodal imaging in vivo, as well as monitoring of EV levels in the organs and biofluids ex vivo after administration of EVs. Bioluminescence and fluorescence-mediated tomography imaging on mice displayed a predominant localization of intravenously administered EVs in the spleen followed by the liver. Monitoring EV signal in the organs, blood, and urine further revealed that the EVs first undergo a rapid distribution phase followed by a longer elimination phase via hepatic and renal routes within six hours, which are both faster than previously reported using dye-labeled EVs. Moreover, we demonstrate systemically injected EVs can be delivered to tumor sites within an hour following injection. Altogether, we show the EVs are dynamically processed in vivo with accurate spatiotemporal resolution and target a number of normal organs as well as tumors with implications for disease pathology and therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P. Lai
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Corresponding Author Charles P. Lai, ; Xandra O. Breakefield, ; Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Osama Mardini
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Conventional Electron Microscopy Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Shilpa Prabhakar
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Casey Maguire
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - John W. Chen
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xandra O. Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Corresponding Author Charles P. Lai, ; Xandra O. Breakefield, ; Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129
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40
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Patrick PS, Hammersley J, Loizou L, Kettunen MI, Rodrigues TB, Hu DE, Tee SS, Hesketh R, Lyons SK, Soloviev D, Lewis DY, Aime S, Fulton SM, Brindle KM. Dual-modality gene reporter for in vivo imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:415-20. [PMID: 24347640 PMCID: PMC3890795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to track cells and their patterns of gene expression in living organisms can increase our understanding of tissue development and disease. Gene reporters for bioluminescence, fluorescence, radionuclide, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been described but these suffer variously from limited depth penetration, spatial resolution, and sensitivity. We describe here a gene reporter, based on the organic anion transporting protein Oatp1a1, which mediates uptake of a clinically approved, Gd(3+)-based, hepatotrophic contrast agent (gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid). Cells expressing the reporter showed readily reversible, intense, and positive contrast (up to 7.8-fold signal enhancement) in T1-weighted magnetic resonance images acquired in vivo. The maximum signal enhancement obtained so far is more than double that produced by MRI gene reporters described previously. Exchanging the Gd(3+) ion for the radionuclide, (111)In, also allowed detection by single-photon emission computed tomography, thus combining the spatial resolution of MRI with the sensitivity of radionuclide imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Stephen Patrick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jayne Hammersley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Louiza Loizou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko I. Kettunen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tiago B. Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - De-En Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sui-Seng Tee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Hesketh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Scott K. Lyons
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - Dmitry Soloviev
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - David Y. Lewis
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - Silvio Aime
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sandra M. Fulton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
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41
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes and microvesicles are nanometer-sized vesicles released by cells to deliver lipids, cellular proteins, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs, thereby facilitating intercellular communication without direct cell-to-cell contacts. Due to their nanoscale size, EVs have been visualized under microscopy in vitro. We here describe a strategy to label EVs with Gaussia luciferase for noninvasive bioluminescence imaging and monitoring of systemically administered EVs in vivo.
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42
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Biotechnological approaches toward nanoparticle biofunctionalization. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 32:11-20. [PMID: 24182737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has emerged in the past decade as a promising tool for several therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The development of nanoconjugates containing bioactive ligands specific for targeting cancer cell receptors has become a primary objective of modern nanotechnology. The design of ideal nanoconjugates requires optimization of fundamental parameters including size, shape, ligand shell composition, and reduction in nonspecific protein adsorption. Of great importance is the choice of bioconjugation approach, given that it affects the orientation, accessibility, and bioactivity of the targeting molecule. We provide an overview of recent advances in the immobilization of targeting proteins, focusing on methods to control ligand orientation and density, and highlight criteria for nanoparticle design and development required to achieve enhanced receptor-targeting efficiency.
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43
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Morral-Ruíz G, Melgar-Lesmes P, Solans C, García-Celma M. Multifunctional polyurethane–urea nanoparticles to target and arrest inflamed vascular environment: A potential tool for cancer therapy and diagnosis. J Control Release 2013; 171:163-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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44
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Streptavidin–biotin technology: improvements and innovations in chemical and biological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9343-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5232-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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45
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Abstract
The increasing complexity of in vivo imaging technologies, coupled with the development of cell therapies, has fuelled a revolution in immune cell tracking in vivo. Powerful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods are now being developed that use iron oxide- and ¹⁹F-based probes. These MRI technologies can be used for image-guided immune cell delivery and for the visualization of immune cell homing and engraftment, inflammation, cell physiology and gene expression. MRI-based cell tracking is now also being applied to evaluate therapeutics that modulate endogenous immune cell recruitment and to monitor emerging cellular immunotherapies. These recent uses show that MRI has the potential to be developed in many applications to follow the fate of immune cells in vivo.
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46
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Vandsburger MH, Radoul M, Cohen B, Neeman M. MRI reporter genes: applications for imaging of cell survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:872-84. [PMID: 23225197 PMCID: PMC3713407 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging strives to detect molecular events at the level of the whole organism. In some cases, the molecule of interest can be detected either directly or with targeted contrast media. However many genes and proteins and particularly those located in intracellular compartments are not accessible for targeted agents. The transcriptional regulation of these genes can nevertheless be detected, although indirectly, using reporter gene encoding for readily detectable proteins. Such reporter proteins can be expressed in the tissue of interest by genetically introducing the reporter gene in the target cells. Imaging of reporter genes has become a powerful tool in modern biomedical research. Typically, expression of fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins and the reaction product of expressed enzymes and exogenous substrates were examined using in vitro histological methods and in vivo whole body imaging methods. Recent advances in MRI reporter gene methods raised the possibility that MRI could become a powerful tool for concomitant high-resolution anatomical and functional imaging and for imaging of reporter gene activity. An immediate application of MRI reporter gene methods was by monitoring gene expression patterns in gene therapy and in vivo imaging of the survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation of pluripotent and multipotent cells used in cell-based regenerative therapies for cancer, myocardial infarction and neural degeneration. In this review, we characterized a variety of MRI reporter gene methods based on their applicability to report cell survival/proliferation, migration and differentiation. In particular, we discussed which methods were best suited for translation to clinical use in regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Radoul
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | - Batya Cohen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science
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47
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Liu DS, Phipps WS, Loh KH, Howarth M, Ting AY. Quantum dot targeting with lipoic acid ligase and HaloTag for single-molecule imaging on living cells. ACS NANO 2012; 6:11080-11087. [PMID: 23181687 PMCID: PMC3528850 DOI: 10.1021/nn304793z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a methodology for targeting quantum dots to specific proteins on living cells in two steps. In the first step, Escherichia coli lipoic acid ligase (LplA) site-specifically attaches 10-bromodecanoic acid onto a 13 amino acid recognition sequence that is genetically fused to a protein of interest. In the second step, quantum dots derivatized with HaloTag, a modified haloalkane dehalogenase, react with the ligated bromodecanoic acid to form a covalent adduct. We found this targeting method to be specific, fast, and fully orthogonal to a previously reported and analogous quantum dot targeting method using E. coli biotin ligase and streptavidin. We used these two methods in combination for two-color quantum dot visualization of different proteins expressed on the same cell or on neighboring cells. Both methods were also used to track single molecules of neurexin, a synaptic adhesion protein, to measure its lateral diffusion in the presence of neuroligin, its trans-synaptic adhesion partner.
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48
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Lambrechts D, Roeffaers M, Kerckhofs G, Roberts SJ, Hofkens J, Van de Putte T, Van Oosterwyck H, Schrooten J. Fluorescent oxygen sensitive microbead incorporation for measuring oxygen tension in cell aggregates. Biomaterials 2012; 34:922-9. [PMID: 23122803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen is a main regulator of various cell functions. Imaging methods designed as screening tools for fast, in situ, 3D and non-interfering measurement of oxygen tension in the cellular microenvironment would serve great purpose in identifying and monitoring this vital and pivotal signalling molecule. We describe the use of dual luminophore oxygen sensitive microbeads to measure absolute oxygen concentrations in cellular aggregates. Stable microbead integration, a prerequisite for their practical application, was ensured by a site-specific delivery method that is based on the interactions between streptavidin and biotin. The spatial stability introduced by this method allowed for long term measurements of oxygen tension without interfering with the cell aggregation process. By making multiple calibration experiments we further demonstrated the potential of these sensors to measure local oxygen tension in optically dense cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lambrechts
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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49
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Krager KJ, Sarkar M, Twait EC, Lill NL, Koland JG. A novel biotinylated lipid raft reporter for electron microscopic imaging of plasma membrane microdomains. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:2214-2225. [PMID: 22822037 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d026468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The submicroscopic spatial organization of cell surface receptors and plasma membrane signaling molecules is readily characterized by electron microscopy (EM) via immunogold labeling of plasma membrane sheets. Although various signaling molecules have been seen to segregate within plasma membrane microdomains, the biochemical identity of these microdomains and the factors affecting their formation are largely unknown. Lipid rafts are envisioned as submicron membrane subdomains of liquid ordered structure with differing lipid and protein constituents that define their specific varieties. To facilitate EM investigation of inner leaflet lipid rafts and the localization of membrane proteins therein, a unique genetically encoded reporter with the dually acylated raft-targeting motif of the Lck kinase was developed. This reporter, designated Lck-BAP-GFP, incorporates green fluorescent protein (GFP) and biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) modules, with the latter allowing its single-step labeling with streptavidin-gold. Lck-BAP-GFP was metabolically biotinylated in mammalian cells, distributed into low-density detergent-resistant membrane fractions, and was readily detected with avidin-based reagents. In EM images of plasma membrane sheets, the streptavidin-gold-labeled reporter was clustered in 20-50 nm microdomains, presumably representative of inner leaflet lipid rafts. The utility of the reporter was demonstrated in an investigation of the potential lipid raft localization of the epidermal growth factor receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Krager
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK 72205; and
| | - Mitul Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Erik C Twait
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Nancy L Lill
- Department of Pathology and the OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - John G Koland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.
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50
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Ta HT, Peter K, Hagemeyer CE. Enzymatic Antibody Tagging: Toward a Universal Biocompatible Targeting Tool. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2012; 22:105-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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