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Pereira MJ, Ayana R, Holt MG, Arckens L. Chemogenetic manipulation of astrocyte activity at the synapse- a gateway to manage brain disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1193130. [PMID: 37534103 PMCID: PMC10393042 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1193130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the major glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS). Initially regarded as supportive cells, it is now recognized that this highly heterogeneous cell population is an indispensable modulator of brain development and function. Astrocytes secrete neuroactive molecules that regulate synapse formation and maturation. They also express hundreds of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that, once activated by neurotransmitters, trigger intracellular signalling pathways that can trigger the release of gliotransmitters which, in turn, modulate synaptic transmission and neuroplasticity. Considering this, it is not surprising that astrocytic dysfunction, leading to synaptic impairment, is consistently described as a factor in brain diseases, whether they emerge early or late in life due to genetic or environmental factors. Here, we provide an overview of the literature showing that activation of genetically engineered GPCRs, known as Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), to specifically modulate astrocyte activity partially mimics endogenous signalling pathways in astrocytes and improves neuronal function and behavior in normal animals and disease models. Therefore, we propose that expressing these genetically engineered GPCRs in astrocytes could be a promising strategy to explore (new) signalling pathways which can be used to manage brain disorders. The precise molecular, functional and behavioral effects of this type of manipulation, however, differ depending on the DREADD receptor used, targeted brain region and timing of the intervention, between healthy and disease conditions. This is likely a reflection of regional and disease/disease progression-associated astrocyte heterogeneity. Therefore, a thorough investigation of the effects of such astrocyte manipulation(s) must be conducted considering the specific cellular and molecular environment characteristic of each disease and disease stage before this has therapeutic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Pereira
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rajagopal Ayana
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew G. Holt
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Laboratory of Synapse Biology, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Sawada M, Hamaguchi A, Mano N, Yoshida Y, Uemura A, Sawamoto K. PlexinD1 signaling controls domain-specific dendritic development in newborn neurons in the postnatal olfactory bulb. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1143130. [PMID: 37534039 PMCID: PMC10393276 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1143130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborn neurons show immature bipolar morphology and continue to migrate toward their destinations. After the termination of migration, newborn neurons undergo spatially controlled dendrite formation and change into a complex morphology. The mechanisms of dendritic development of newborn neurons have not been fully understood. Here, we show that in the postnatal olfactory bulb (OB), the Sema3E-PlexinD1 signaling, which maintains bipolar morphology of newborn neurons, also regulates their dendritic development after the termination of migration in a dendritic domain-specific manner. Genetic ablation of Sema3E or PlexinD1 enhanced dendritic branching in the proximal domain of the apical dendrites of OB newborn granule cells, whereas PlexinD1 overexpression suppressed it in a Rho binding domain (RBD)-dependent manner. Furthermore, RhoJ, a small GTPase that directly binds to PlexinD1RBD in vascular endothelial cells, is expressed in migrating and differentiating newborn granule cells in the OB and is also involved in the suppression of proximal branching of their apical dendrites. These results suggest that the Sema3E-PlexinD1-RhoJ axis regulates domain-specific dendrite formation of newborn neurons in the postnatal OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ayato Hamaguchi
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naomichi Mano
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshida
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, United States
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Neural Circuit Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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3
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Kittock CM, Pilaz LJ. Advances in in utero electroporation. Dev Neurobiol 2023; 83:73-90. [PMID: 36861639 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
In utero electroporation (IUE) is a technique developed in the early 2000s to transfect the neurons and neural progenitors of embryonic brains, thus enabling continued development in utero and subsequent analyses of neural development. Early IUE experiments focused on ectopic expression of plasmid DNA to analyze parameters such as neuron morphology and migration. Recent advances made in other fields, such as CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing, have been incorporated into IUE techniques as they were developed. Here, we provide a general review of the mechanics and techniques involved in IUE and explore the breadth of approaches that can be used in conjunction with IUE to study cortical development in a rodent model, with a focus on the novel advances in IUE techniques. We also highlight a few cases that exemplify the potential of IUE to study a broad range of questions in neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Kittock
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Louis-Jan Pilaz
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
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4
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Zhang X, Xiao G, Johnson C, Cai Y, Horowitz ZK, Mennicke C, Coffey R, Haider M, Threadgill D, Eliscu R, Oldham MC, Greenbaum A, Ghashghaei HT. Bulk and mosaic deletions of Egfr reveal regionally defined gliogenesis in the developing mouse forebrain. iScience 2023; 26:106242. [PMID: 36915679 PMCID: PMC10006693 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a role in cell proliferation and differentiation during healthy development and tumor growth; however, its requirement for brain development remains unclear. Here we used a conditional mouse allele for Egfr to examine its contributions to perinatal forebrain development at the tissue level. Subtractive bulk ventral and dorsal forebrain deletions of Egfr uncovered significant and permanent decreases in oligodendrogenesis and myelination in the cortex and corpus callosum. Additionally, an increase in astrogenesis or reactive astrocytes in effected regions was evident in response to cortical scarring. Sparse deletion using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) surprisingly revealed a regional requirement for EGFR in rostrodorsal, but not ventrocaudal glial lineages including both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The EGFR-independent ventral glial progenitors may compensate for the missing EGFR-dependent dorsal glia in the bulk Egfr-deleted forebrain, potentially exposing a regenerative population of gliogenic progenitors in the mouse forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Guanxi Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Caroline Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yuheng Cai
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zachary K. Horowitz
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christine Mennicke
- Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robert Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mansoor Haider
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Threadgill
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Eliscu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Oldham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alon Greenbaum
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - H. Troy Ghashghaei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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5
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Brandel-Ankrapp KL, Arey RN. Uncovering novel regulators of memory using C. elegans genetic and genomic analysis. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:161-171. [PMID: 36744642 PMCID: PMC10518207 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
How organisms learn and encode memory is an outstanding question in neuroscience research. Specifically, how memories are acquired and consolidated at the level of molecular and gene pathways remains unclear. In addition, memory is disrupted in a wide variety of neurological disorders; therefore, discovering molecular regulators of memory may reveal therapeutic targets for these disorders. C. elegans are an excellent model to uncover molecular and genetic regulators of memory. Indeed, the nematode's invariant neuronal lineage, fully mapped genome, and conserved associative behaviors have allowed the development of a breadth of genetic and genomic tools to examine learning and memory. In this mini-review, we discuss novel and exciting genetic and genomic techniques used to examine molecular and genetic underpinnings of memory from the level of the whole-worm to tissue-specific and cell-type specific approaches with high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Brandel-Ankrapp
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - Rachel N. Arey
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
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6
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Kurematsu C, Sawada M, Ohmuraya M, Tanaka M, Kuboyama K, Ogino T, Matsumoto M, Oishi H, Inada H, Ishido Y, Sakakibara Y, Nguyen HB, Thai TQ, Kohsaka S, Ohno N, Yamada MK, Asai M, Sokabe M, Nabekura J, Asano K, Tanaka M, Sawamoto K. Synaptic pruning of murine adult-born neurons by microglia depends on phosphatidylserine. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213073. [PMID: 35297954 PMCID: PMC9195048 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons, continuously added in the adult olfactory bulb (OB) and hippocampus, are involved in information processing in neural circuits. Here, we show that synaptic pruning of adult-born neurons by microglia depends on phosphatidylserine (PS), whose exposure on dendritic spines is inversely correlated with their input activity. To study the role of PS in spine pruning by microglia in vivo, we developed an inducible transgenic mouse line, in which the exposed PS is masked by a dominant-negative form of milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8 (MFG-E8), MFG-E8D89E. In this transgenic mouse, the spine pruning of adult-born neurons by microglia is impaired in the OB and hippocampus. Furthermore, the electrophysiological properties of these adult-born neurons are altered in MFG-E8D89E mice. These data suggest that PS is involved in the microglial spine pruning and the functional maturation of adult-born neurons. The MFG-E8D89E-based genetic approach shown in this study has broad applications for understanding the biology of PS-mediated phagocytosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Kurematsu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Motoki Tanaka
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kuboyama
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogino
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inada
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yuri Ishido
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukina Sakakibara
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Huy Bang Nguyen
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Truc Quynh Thai
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Histology-Embryology-Genetics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shinichi Kohsaka
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan.,Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Maki K Yamada
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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7
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Abrous DN, Koehl M, Lemoine M. A Baldwin interpretation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: from functional relevance to physiopathology. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:383-402. [PMID: 34103674 PMCID: PMC8960398 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal adult neurogenesis has been associated to many cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functions and dysfunctions, and its status as a selected effect or an "appendix of the brain" has been debated. In this review, we propose to understand hippocampal neurogenesis as the process underlying the "Baldwin effect", a particular situation in evolution where fitness does not rely on the natural selection of genetic traits, but on "ontogenetic adaptation" to a changing environment. This supports the view that a strong distinction between developmental and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is made. We propose that their functions are the constitution and the lifelong adaptation, respectively, of a basic repertoire of cognitive and emotional behaviors. This lifelong adaptation occurs through new forms of binding, i.e., association or dissociation of more basic elements. This distinction further suggests that a difference is made between developmental vulnerability (or resilience), stemming from dysfunctional (or highly functional) developmental hippocampal neurogenesis, and adult vulnerability (or resilience), stemming from dysfunctional (or highly functional) adult hippocampal neurogenesis. According to this hypothesis, developmental and adult vulnerability are distinct risk factors for various mental disorders in adults. This framework suggests new avenues for research on hippocampal neurogenesis and its implication in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djoher Nora Abrous
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Muriel Koehl
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniv. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Neurogenesis and Pathophysiology group, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maël Lemoine
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XUniversity Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
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8
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Chen F, Liu W, Liu P, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Liu X, Li A. α-Synuclein aggregation in the olfactory bulb induces olfactory deficits by perturbing granule cells and granular-mitral synaptic transmission. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:114. [PMID: 34903719 PMCID: PMC8668919 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is an early pre-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) but the neural mechanisms underlying this dysfunction remain largely unknown. Aggregation of α-synuclein is observed in the olfactory bulb (OB) during the early stages of PD, indicating a relationship between α-synuclein pathology and hyposmia. Here we investigate whether and how α-synuclein aggregates modulate neural activity in the OB at the single-cell and synaptic levels. We induced α-synuclein aggregation specifically in the OB via overexpression of double-mutant human α-synuclein by an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector. We found that α-synuclein aggregation in the OB decreased the ability of mice to detect odors and to perceive attractive odors. The spontaneous activity and odor-evoked firing rates of single mitral/tufted cells (M/Ts) were increased by α-synuclein aggregates with the amplitude of odor-evoked high-gamma oscillations increased. Furthermore, the decreased activity in granule cells (GCs) and impaired inhibitory synaptic function were responsible for the observed hyperactivity of M/Ts induced by α-synuclein aggregates. These results provide direct evidences of the role of α-synuclein aggregates on PD-related olfactory dysfunction and reveal the neural circuit mechanisms by which olfaction is modulated by α-synuclein pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Chen
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Penglai Liu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - You Zhou
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Anan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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9
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Forest J, Chalençon L, Midroit M, Terrier C, Caillé I, Sacquet J, Benetollo C, Martin K, Richard M, Didier A, Mandairon N. Role of Adult-Born Versus Preexisting Neurons Born at P0 in Olfactory Perception in a Complex Olfactory Environment in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:534-549. [PMID: 31216001 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory perceptual learning is defined as an improvement in the discrimination of perceptually close odorants after passive exposure to these odorants. In mice, simple olfactory perceptual learning involving the discrimination of two odorants depends on an increased number of adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb, which refines the bulbar output. However, the olfactory environment is complex, raising the question of the adjustment of the bulbar network to multiple discrimination challenges. Perceptual learning of 1 to 6 pairs of similar odorants led to discrimination of all learned odor pairs. Increasing complexity did not increase adult-born neuron survival but enhanced the number of adult-born neurons responding to learned odorants and their spine density. Moreover, only complex learning induced morphological changes in neurons of the granule cell layer born during the first day of life (P0). Selective optogenetic inactivation of either population confirmed functional involvement of adult-born neurons regardless of the enrichment complexity, while preexisting neurons were required for complex discrimination only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Forest
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon, F-69000, France.,Claude Bernard University Lyon1 and University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Laura Chalençon
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon, F-69000, France.,Claude Bernard University Lyon1 and University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Maëllie Midroit
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon, F-69000, France.,Claude Bernard University Lyon1 and University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Claire Terrier
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon, F-69000, France.,Claude Bernard University Lyon1 and University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Isabelle Caillé
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8246, INSERM U1130, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Neuroscience Paris Seine, and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Sacquet
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon, F-69000, France.,Claude Bernard University Lyon1 and University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Claire Benetollo
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neurogenetic and Optogenetic Platform, University Lyon 1 and University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Killian Martin
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon, F-69000, France.,Claude Bernard University Lyon1 and University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Marion Richard
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon, F-69000, France.,Claude Bernard University Lyon1 and University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Anne Didier
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon, F-69000, France.,Claude Bernard University Lyon1 and University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Nathalie Mandairon
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, Lyon, F-69000, France.,Claude Bernard University Lyon1 and University of Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France
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10
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Timely Inhibitory Circuit Formation Controlled by Abl1 Regulates Innate Olfactory Behaviors in Mouse. Cell Rep 2021; 30:187-201.e4. [PMID: 31914386 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
More than one-half of the interneurons in a mouse olfactory bulb (OB) develop during the first week after birth and predominantly connect to excitatory tufted cells near the superficial granule cell layer (sGCL), unlike late-born interneurons. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the temporal specification are yet to be identified. In this study, we determined the role of Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 1 (Abl1) in the temporal development of early-born OB interneurons. Lentiviral knockdown of Abl1 disrupts the sGCL circuit of early-born interneurons through defects in function and circuit integration, resulting in olfactory hyper-sensitivity. We show that doublecortin (Dcx) is phosphorylated by Abl1, which contributes to the stabilization of Dcx, thereby regulating microtubule dynamics. Finally, Dcx overexpression rescues Abl1 knockdown-induced anatomic or functional defects. In summary, specific signaling by Abl1-Dcx in early-born interneurons facilitates the temporal development of the sGCL circuit to regulate innate olfactory functions, such as detection and sensitivity.
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Kermen F, Mandairon N, Chalençon L. Odor hedonics coding in the vertebrate olfactory bulb. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:485-493. [PMID: 33515292 PMCID: PMC7873110 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Whether an odorant is perceived as pleasant or unpleasant (hedonic value) governs a range of crucial behaviors: foraging, escaping danger, and social interaction. Despite its importance in olfactory perception, little is known regarding how odor hedonics is represented and encoded in the brain. Here, we review recent findings describing how odorant hedonic value is represented in the first olfaction processing center, the olfactory bulb. We discuss how olfactory bulb circuits might contribute to the coding of innate and learned odorant hedonics in addition to the odorant's physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Kermen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Nathalie Mandairon
- CNRS. UMR 5292: INSERM, U1028: Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon, University Lyon1, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laura Chalençon
- CNRS. UMR 5292: INSERM, U1028: Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon, University Lyon1, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France
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12
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Nakajima C, Sawada M, Sawamoto K. Postnatal neuronal migration in health and disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:1-9. [PMID: 32717548 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal neuronal migration modulates neuronal circuit formation and function throughout life and is conserved among species. Pathological conditions activate the generation of neuroblasts in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and promote their migration towards a lesion. However, the neuroblasts generally terminate their migration before reaching the lesion site unless their intrinsic capacity is modified or the environment is improved. It is important to understand which factors impede neuronal migration for functional recovery of the brain. We highlight similarities and differences in the mechanisms of neuroblast migration under physiological and pathological conditions to provide novel insights into endogenous neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Nakajima
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.
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13
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Wu J, Liu P, Chen F, Ge L, Lu Y, Li A. Excitability of Neural Activity is Enhanced, but Neural Discrimination of Odors is Slightly Decreased, in the Olfactory Bulb of Fasted Mice. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040433. [PMID: 32316323 PMCID: PMC7230403 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction and satiety status influence each other: cues from the olfactory system modulate eating behavior, and satiety affects olfactory abilities. However, the neural mechanisms governing the interactions between olfaction and satiety are unknown. Here, we investigate how an animal’s nutritional state modulates neural activity and odor representation in the mitral/tufted cells of the olfactory bulb, a key olfactory center that plays important roles in odor processing and representation. At the single-cell level, we found that the spontaneous firing rate of mitral/tufted cells and the number of cells showing an excitatory response both increased when mice were in a fasted state. However, the neural discrimination of odors slightly decreased. Although ongoing baseline and odor-evoked beta oscillations in the local field potential in the olfactory bulb were unchanged with fasting, the amplitude of odor-evoked gamma oscillations significantly decreased in a fasted state. These neural changes in the olfactory bulb were independent of the sniffing pattern, since both sniffing frequency and mean inhalation duration did not change with fasting. These results provide new information toward understanding the neural circuit mechanisms by which olfaction is modulated by nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Penglai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Fengjiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Lingying Ge
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (L.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yifan Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (L.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Anan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease and Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (J.W.); (P.L.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-516-83262621
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Kim JY, Choe J, Moon C. Distinct Developmental Features of Olfactory Bulb Interneurons. Mol Cells 2020; 43:215-221. [PMID: 32208366 PMCID: PMC7103883 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory bulb (OB) has an extremely higher proportionof interneurons innervating excitatory neurons than otherbrain regions, which is evolutionally conserved across species.Despite the abundance of OB interneurons, little is knownabout the diversification and physiological functions ofOB interneurons compared to cortical interneurons. In thisreview, an overview of the general developmental processof interneurons from the angles of the spatial and temporalspecifications was presented. Then, the distinct featuresshown exclusively in OB interneurons development andmolecular machinery recently identified were discussed.Finally, we proposed an evolutionary meaning for thediversity of OB interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jiyun Choe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Cheil Moon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 4988, Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
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Peripheral Gene Therapeutic Rescue of an Olfactory Ciliopathy Restores Sensory Input, Axonal Pathfinding, and Odor-Guided Behavior. J Neurosci 2018; 38:7462-7475. [PMID: 30061191 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0084-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are the primary site of odor binding; hence, their loss results in anosmia, a clinical manifestation of pleiotropic ciliopathies for which there are no curative therapies. We used OSN-specific Ift88 knock-out mice (Ift88osnKO) of both sexes to examine the mechanisms of ciliopathy-induced olfactory dysfunction and the potential for gene replacement to rescue odorant detection, restore olfactory circuitry, and restore odor-guided behaviors. Loss of OSN cilia in Ift88osnKO mice resulted in substantially reduced odor detection and odor-driven synaptic activity in the olfactory bulb (OB). Defects in OSN axon targeting to the OB were also observed in parallel with aberrant odor-guided behavior. Intranasal gene delivery of wild-type IFT88 to Ift88osnKO mice rescued OSN ciliation and peripheral olfactory function. Importantly, this recovery of sensory input in a limited number of mature OSNs was sufficient to restore axonal targeting in the OB of juvenile mice, and with delayed onset in adult mice. In addition, restoration of sensory input re-established course odor-guided behaviors. These findings highlight the spare capacity of the olfactory epithelium and the plasticity of primary synaptic input into the central olfactory system. The restoration of peripheral and central neuronal function supports the potential for treatment of ciliopathy-related anosmia using gene therapy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Ciliopathies, for which there are no curative therapies, are genetic disorders that alter cilia morphology and/or function in numerous tissue types, including the olfactory system, leading to sensory dysfunction. We show that in vivo intranasal gene delivery restores peripheral olfactory function in a ciliopathy mouse model, including axonal targeting in the juvenile and adult olfactory bulb. Gene therapy also demonstrated restoration of olfactory perception by rescuing odor-guided behaviors. Understanding the therapeutic window and viability for gene therapy to restore odor detection and perception may facilitate translation of therapies to ciliopathy patients with olfactory dysfunctions.
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Abstract
Odor–reward association during appetitive learning is a fundamental process that requires multiple forms of plasticity. In the adult olfactory bulb, the continual production of newborn interneurons contributes to the functional plasticity of the system, placing the newcomers in a key position to participate in olfactory associative learning. Here, we demonstrate that adult-born neurons, but not preexisting ones, contain information about learned positive value. Moreover, specific heightening of this signal improves associative learning and odor value update and is enough in some cases to trigger behavior even without odor stimulus. Collectively, our findings show an important role of this adult-born interneuron population in odor–reward association and unveil the relevance of odor value encoding at early stages of sensory processing. Olfaction is an important sensory modality driving fundamental behaviors. During odor-dependent learning, a positive value is commonly assigned to an odorant, and multiple forms of plasticity are involved when such odor–reward associations are formed. In rodents, one of the mechanisms underlying plasticity in the olfactory bulb consists in recruiting new neurons daily throughout life. However, it is still unknown whether adult-born neurons might participate in encoding odor value. Here, we demonstrate that exposure to reward-associated odors specifically increases activity of adult-born neurons but not preexisting neurons. Remarkably, adult-born neuron activation during rewarded odor presentation heightens discrimination learning and enhances the ability to update the odor value during reversal association. Moreover, in some cases, activation of this interneuron population can trigger olfactory learning without sensory stimulation. Taken together, our results show a specific involvement of adult-born neurons in facilitating odor–reward association during adaptive learning.
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Lipp HP. Evolutionary Shaping of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mammals-Cognitive Gain or Developmental Priming of Personality Traits? Front Neurosci 2017; 11:420. [PMID: 28785199 PMCID: PMC5519572 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Lipp
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine, University of Kwazulu-NatalDurban, South Africa
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Hardy D, Saghatelyan A. Different forms of structural plasticity in the adult olfactory bulb. NEUROGENESIS 2017; 4:e1301850. [PMID: 28596977 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1301850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The adult olfactory bulb (OB) continuously receives new interneurons that integrate into the functional neuronal network and that play an important role in odor information processing and olfactory behavior. Adult neuronal progenitors are derived from neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) bordering the lateral ventricle. They migrate long distances along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) toward the OB where they differentiate into interneurons, mature, and establish synapses with tufted or mitral cells (MC), the principal neurons in the OB. The plasticity provided by both adult-born and pre-existing early-born neurons depends on the formation and pruning of new synaptic contacts that adapt the functioning of the bulbar network to changing environmental conditions. However, the formation of new synapses occurs over a long time scale (hours-days), whereas some changes in environmental conditions can occur more rapidly, requiring a much faster adjustment of neuronal networks. A new form of structural remodeling of adult-born, but not early-born, neurons was recently brought to light. This plasticity, which is based on the activity-dependent relocation of mature spines of GCs toward the dendrites of active principal cells, may allow a more rapid adjustment of the neuronal network in response to quick and persistent changes in sensory inputs. In this mini-review we discuss the different forms of structural plasticity displayed by adult-born and early-born neurons and the possibility that these different forms of structural remodeling may fulfill distinct roles in odor information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Hardy
- Cellular Neurobiology Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- Cellular Neurobiology Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Lewis S. Age-related odour detection. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:70. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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