1
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Patel RN, Fishman REK, Huang TY, Gusdorff JA, Fehr DA, Hopper DA, Breitweiser SA, Porat B, Flatté ME, Bassett LC. Room Temperature Dynamics of an Optically Addressable Single Spin in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7623-7628. [PMID: 38860722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) hosts pure single-photon emitters that have shown evidence of optically detected electronic spin dynamics. However, the electrical and chemical structures of these optically addressable spins are unknown, and the nature of their spin-optical interactions remains mysterious. Here, we use time-domain optical and microwave experiments to characterize a single emitter in h-BN exhibiting room temperature optically detected magnetic resonance. Using dynamical simulations, we constrain and quantify transition rates in the model, and we design optical control protocols that optimize the signal-to-noise ratio for spin readout. This constitutes a necessary step toward quantum control of spin states in h-BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj N Patel
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rebecca E K Fishman
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tzu-Yung Huang
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jordan A Gusdorff
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David A Fehr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - David A Hopper
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - S Alex Breitweiser
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Benjamin Porat
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael E Flatté
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lee C Bassett
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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Luo J, Geng Y, Rana F, Fuchs GD. Room temperature optically detected magnetic resonance of single spins in GaN. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:512-518. [PMID: 38347119 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
High-contrast optically detected magnetic resonance is a valuable property for reading out the spin of isolated defect colour centres at room temperature. Spin-active single defect centres have been studied in wide bandgap materials including diamond, SiC and hexagonal boron nitride, each with associated advantages for applications. We report the discovery of optically detected magnetic resonance in two distinct species of bright, isolated defect centres hosted in GaN. In one group, we find negative optically detected magnetic resonance of a few percent associated with a metastable electronic state, whereas in the other, we find positive optically detected magnetic resonance of up to 30% associated with the ground and optically excited electronic states. We examine the spin symmetry axis of each defect species and establish coherent control over a single defect's ground-state spin. Given the maturity of the semiconductor host, these results are promising for scalable and integrated quantum sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Luo
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yifei Geng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Farhan Rana
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gregory D Fuchs
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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3
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Xu JS, Li CF. Identifying single spin defects in gallium nitride. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:447-448. [PMID: 38570635 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shi Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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4
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Lock EH, Lee J, Choi DS, Bedford RG, Karna SP, Roy AK. Materials Innovations for Quantum Technology Acceleration: A Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2201064. [PMID: 37021584 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A broad perspective of quantum technology state of the art is provided and critical stumbling blocks for quantum technology development are identified. Innovations in demonstrating and understanding electron entanglement phenomena using bulk and low-dimensional materials and structures are summarized. Correlated photon-pair generation via processes such as nonlinear optics is discussed. Application of qubits to current and future high-impact quantum technology development is presented. Approaches for realizing unique qubit features for large-scale encrypted communication, sensing, computing, and other technologies are still evolving; thus, materials innovation is crucially important. A perspective on materials modeling approaches for quantum technology acceleration that incorporate physics-based AI/ML, integrated with quantum metrology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya H Lock
- Materials Science and Technology Division, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Jonghoon Lee
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXAN, 2179 12th St, WPAFB, OH, 45433, USA
- ARCTOS Technology Solutions, 1270 N Fairfield Rd, Beavercreek, OH, 45432, USA
| | - Daniel S Choi
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, FCDD-RLW, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Beavercreek, MD, 21015, USA
| | - Robert G Bedford
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXAN, 2179 12th St, WPAFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Shashi P Karna
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, FCDD-RLW, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Beavercreek, MD, 21015, USA
| | - Ajit K Roy
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXAN, 2179 12th St, WPAFB, OH, 45433, USA
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5
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Wu Y, Weil T. Recent Developments of Nanodiamond Quantum Sensors for Biological Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200059. [PMID: 35343101 PMCID: PMC9259730 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Measuring certain quantities at the nanoscale is often limited to strict conditions such as low temperature or vacuum. However, the recently developed nanodiamond (ND) quantum sensing technology shows great promise for ultrasensitive diagnosis and probing subcellular parameters at ambient conditions. Atom defects (i.e., N, Si) within the ND lattice provide stable emissions and sometimes spin-dependent photoluminescence. These unique properties endow ND quantum sensors with the capacity to detect local temperature, magnetic fields, electric fields, or strain. In this review, some of the recent, most exciting developments in the preparation and application of ND sensors to solve current challenges in biology and medicine including ultrasensitive detection of virions and local sensing of pH, radical species, magnetic fields, temperature, and rotational movements, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
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6
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Li S, Thiering G, Udvarhelyi P, Ivády V, Gali A. Carbon defect qubit in two-dimensional WS 2. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1210. [PMID: 35260586 PMCID: PMC8904548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying and fabricating defect qubits in two-dimensional semiconductors are of great interest in exploring candidates for quantum information and sensing applications. A milestone has been recently achieved by demonstrating that single defect, a carbon atom substituting sulphur atom in single layer tungsten disulphide, can be engineered on demand at atomic size level precision, which holds a promise for a scalable and addressable unit. It is an immediate quest to reveal its potential as a qubit. To this end, we determine its electronic structure and optical properties from first principles. We identify the fingerprint of the neutral charge state of the defect in the scanning tunnelling spectrum. In the neutral defect, the giant spin-orbit coupling mixes the singlet and triplet excited states with resulting in phosphorescence at the telecom band that can be used to read out the spin state, and coherent driving with microwave excitation is also viable. Our results establish a scalable qubit in a two-dimensional material with spin-photon interface at the telecom wavelength region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary
| | - Gergő Thiering
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary
| | - Péter Udvarhelyi
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary
| | - Viktor Ivády
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adam Gali
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary.
- Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rakpart 3., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan P. Goss
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ben L. Green
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Paul W. May
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Mark E. Newton
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Chloe V. Peaker
- Gemological Institute of America, 50 West 47th Street, New York, New York 10036, United States
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8
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Metsch MH, Senkalla K, Tratzmiller B, Scheuer J, Kern M, Achard J, Tallaire A, Plenio MB, Siyushev P, Jelezko F. Initialization and Readout of Nuclear Spins via a Negatively Charged Silicon-Vacancy Center in Diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:190503. [PMID: 31144926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.190503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we demonstrate initialization and readout of nuclear spins via a negatively charged silicon-vacancy (SiV) electron spin qubit. Under Hartmann-Hahn conditions the electron spin polarization is coherently transferred to the nuclear spin. The readout of the nuclear polarization is observed via the fluorescence of the SiV. We also show that the coherence time of the nuclear spin (6 ms) is limited by the electron spin-lattice relaxation due to the hyperfine coupling to the electron spin. This Letter paves the way toward realization of building blocks of quantum hardware with an efficient spin-photon interface based on the SiV color center coupled to a long lasting nuclear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jochen Scheuer
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, D-89081 Germany
| | - Michael Kern
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, D-89081 Germany
| | - Jocelyn Achard
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UPR3407, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Alexandre Tallaire
- Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UPR3407, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR8247, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martin B Plenio
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ulm University, D-89081 Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, D-89081 Germany
| | - Petr Siyushev
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, D-89081 Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, D-89081 Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, D-89081 Germany
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9
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Aharon N, Schwartz I, Retzker A. Quantum Control and Sensing of Nuclear Spins by Electron Spins under Power Limitations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:120403. [PMID: 30978036 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
State of the art quantum sensing experiments targeting frequency measurements or frequency addressing of nuclear spins require one to drive the probe system at the targeted frequency. In addition, there is a substantial advantage to performing these experiments in the regime of high magnetic fields, in which the Larmor frequency of the measured spins is large. In this scenario we are confronted with a natural challenge of controlling a target system with a very high frequency when the probe system cannot be set to resonance with the target frequency. In this contribution we present a set of protocols that are capable of confronting this challenge, even at large frequency mismatches between the probe system and the target system, both for polarization and for quantum sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nati Aharon
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Givat Ram, Israel
| | | | - Alex Retzker
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Givat Ram, Israel
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10
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Magnetic-field-dependent quantum emission in hexagonal boron nitride at room temperature. Nat Commun 2019; 10:222. [PMID: 30644413 PMCID: PMC6333818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically addressable spins associated with defects in wide-bandgap semiconductors are versatile platforms for quantum information processing and nanoscale sensing, where spin-dependent inter-system crossing transitions facilitate optical spin initialization and readout. Recently, the van der Waals material hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has emerged as a robust host for quantum emitters, promising efficient photon extraction and atom-scale engineering, but observations of spin-related effects have remained thus far elusive. Here, we report room-temperature observations of strongly anisotropic photoluminescence patterns as a function of applied magnetic field for select quantum emitters in h-BN. Field-dependent variations in the steady-state photoluminescence and photon emission statistics are consistent with an electronic model featuring a spin-dependent inter-system crossing between triplet and singlet manifolds, indicating that optically-addressable spin defects are present in h-BN.
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11
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Abobeih MH, Cramer J, Bakker MA, Kalb N, Markham M, Twitchen DJ, Taminiau TH. One-second coherence for a single electron spin coupled to a multi-qubit nuclear-spin environment. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2552. [PMID: 29959326 PMCID: PMC6026183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single electron spins coupled to multiple nuclear spins provide promising multi-qubit registers for quantum sensing and quantum networks. The obtainable level of control is determined by how well the electron spin can be selectively coupled to, and decoupled from, the surrounding nuclear spins. Here we realize a coherence time exceeding a second for a single nitrogen-vacancy electron spin through decoupling sequences tailored to its microscopic nuclear-spin environment. First, we use the electron spin to probe the environment, which is accurately described by seven individual and six pairs of coupled carbon-13 spins. We develop initialization, control and readout of the carbon-13 pairs in order to directly reveal their atomic structure. We then exploit this knowledge to store quantum states in the electron spin for over a second by carefully avoiding unwanted interactions. These results provide a proof-of-principle for quantum sensing of complex multi-spin systems and an opportunity for multi-qubit quantum registers with long coherence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Abobeih
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J Cramer
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M A Bakker
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - N Kalb
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M Markham
- Element Six Innovation, Fermi Avenue, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QR, United Kingdom
| | - D J Twitchen
- Element Six Innovation, Fermi Avenue, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QR, United Kingdom
| | - T H Taminiau
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands.
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands.
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12
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Design of defect spins in piezoelectric aluminum nitride for solid-state hybrid quantum technologies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20803. [PMID: 26876901 PMCID: PMC4753507 DOI: 10.1038/srep20803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin defects in wide-band gap semiconductors are promising systems for the realization of quantum bits, or qubits, in solid-state environments. To date, defect qubits have only been realized in materials with strong covalent bonds. Here, we introduce a strain-driven scheme to rationally design defect spins in functional ionic crystals, which may operate as potential qubits. In particular, using a combination of state-of-the-art ab-initio calculations based on hybrid density functional and many-body perturbation theory, we predicted that the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy center in piezoelectric aluminum nitride exhibits spin-triplet ground states under realistic uni- and bi-axial strain conditions; such states may be harnessed for the realization of qubits. The strain-driven strategy adopted here can be readily extended to a wide range of point defects in other wide-band gap semiconductors, paving the way to controlling the spin properties of defects in ionic systems for potential spintronic technologies.
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13
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van Schooten KJ, Baird DL, Limes ME, Lupton JM, Boehme C. Probing long-range carrier-pair spin-spin interactions in a conjugated polymer by detuning of electrically detected spin beating. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6688. [PMID: 25868686 PMCID: PMC4403378 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Weakly coupled electron spin pairs that experience weak spin-orbit interaction can control electronic transitions in molecular and solid-state systems. Known to determine radical pair reactions, they have been invoked to explain phenomena ranging from avian magnetoreception to spin-dependent charge-carrier recombination and transport. Spin pairs exhibit persistent spin coherence, allowing minute magnetic fields to perturb spin precession and thus recombination rates and photoreaction yields, giving rise to a range of magneto-optoelectronic effects in devices. Little is known, however, about interparticle magnetic interactions within such pairs. Here we present pulsed electrically detected electron spin resonance experiments on poly(styrene-sulfonate)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ( PEDOT PSS) devices, which show how interparticle spin-spin interactions (magnetic-dipolar and spin-exchange) between charge-carrier spin pairs can be probed through the detuning of spin-Rabi oscillations. The deviation from uncoupled precession frequencies quantifies both the exchange (<30 neV) and dipolar (23.5±1.5 neV) interaction energies responsible for the pair's zero-field splitting, implying quantum mechanical entanglement of charge-carrier spins over distances of 2.1±0.1 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipp J van Schooten
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0830, USA
| | - Douglas L Baird
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0830, USA
| | - Mark E Limes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0830, USA
| | - John M Lupton
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0830, USA [2] Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Boehme
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0830, USA
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14
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Optical signatures of silicon-vacancy spins in diamond. Nat Commun 2015; 5:3328. [PMID: 24534908 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colour centres in diamond have emerged as versatile tools for solid-state quantum technologies ranging from quantum information to metrology, where the nitrogen-vacancy centre is the most studied to date. Recently, this toolbox has expanded to include novel colour centres to realize more efficient spin-photon quantum interfaces. Of these, the silicon-vacancy centre stands out with highly desirable photonic properties. The challenge for utilizing this centre is to realize the hitherto elusive optical access to its electronic spin. Here we report spin-tagged resonance fluorescence from the negatively charged silicon-vacancy centre. Our measurements reveal a spin-state purity approaching unity in the excited state, highlighting the potential of the centre as an efficient spin-photon quantum interface.
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15
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Bayn I, Chen EH, Trusheim ME, Li L, Schröder T, Gaathon O, Lu M, Stein A, Liu M, Kisslinger K, Clevenson H, Englund D. Generation of ensembles of individually resolvable nitrogen vacancies using nanometer-scale apertures in ultrahigh-aspect ratio planar implantation masks. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:1751-1758. [PMID: 25621759 DOI: 10.1021/nl504441m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A central challenge in developing magnetically coupled quantum registers in diamond is the fabrication of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers with localization below ∼20 nm to enable fast dipolar interaction compared to the NV decoherence rate. Here, we demonstrate the targeted, high throughput formation of NV centers using masks with a thickness of 270 nm and feature sizes down to ∼1 nm. Super-resolution imaging resolves NVs with a full-width maximum distribution of 26 ± 7 nm and a distribution of NV-NV separations of 16 ± 5 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igal Bayn
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Lab of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 36-575, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Widmann M, Lee SY, Rendler T, Son NT, Fedder H, Paik S, Yang LP, Zhao N, Yang S, Booker I, Denisenko A, Jamali M, Momenzadeh SA, Gerhardt I, Ohshima T, Gali A, Janzén E, Wrachtrup J. Coherent control of single spins in silicon carbide at room temperature. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:164-8. [PMID: 25437256 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spins in solids are cornerstone elements of quantum spintronics. Leading contenders such as defects in diamond or individual phosphorus dopants in silicon have shown spectacular progress, but either lack established nanotechnology or an efficient spin/photon interface. Silicon carbide (SiC) combines the strength of both systems: it has a large bandgap with deep defects and benefits from mature fabrication techniques. Here, we report the characterization of photoluminescence and optical spin polarization from single silicon vacancies in SiC, and demonstrate that single spins can be addressed at room temperature. We show coherent control of a single defect spin and find long spin coherence times under ambient conditions. Our study provides evidence that SiC is a promising system for atomic-scale spintronics and quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Widmann
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sang-Yun Lee
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Torsten Rendler
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nguyen Tien Son
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helmut Fedder
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Seoyoung Paik
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sen Yang
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ian Booker
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andrej Denisenko
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mohammad Jamali
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Ali Momenzadeh
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ilja Gerhardt
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Adam Gali
- 1] Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 49, H-1525, Budapest, Hungary [2] Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erik Janzén
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- 3rd Institute of Physics and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Monaco AM, Giugliano M. Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:1849-63. [PMID: 25383297 PMCID: PMC4222354 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The search for advanced biomimetic materials that are capable of offering a scaffold for biological tissues during regeneration or of electrically connecting artificial devices with cellular structures to restore damaged brain functions is at the forefront of interdisciplinary research in materials science. Bioactive nanoparticles for drug delivery, substrates for nerve regeneration and active guidance, as well as supramolecular architectures mimicking the extracellular environment to reduce inflammatory responses in brain implants, are within reach thanks to the advancements in nanotechnology. In particular, carbon-based nanostructured materials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanodiamonds (NDs), have demonstrated to be highly promising materials for designing and fabricating nanoelectrodes and substrates for cell growth, by virtue of their peerless optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. In this review we discuss the state-of-the-art in the applications of nanomaterials in biological and biomedical fields, with a particular emphasis on neuroengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina M Monaco
- Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Michele Giugliano
- Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, S1 4DP Sheffield, UK
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Schirhagl R, Chang K, Loretz M, Degen CL. Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond: Nanoscale Sensors for Physics and Biology. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2014; 65:83-105. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 803] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Chang
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Michael Loretz
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
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Taminiau TH, Cramer J, van der Sar T, Dobrovitski VV, Hanson R. Universal control and error correction in multi-qubit spin registers in diamond. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:171-6. [PMID: 24487650 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum registers of nuclear spins coupled to electron spins of individual solid-state defects are a promising platform for quantum information processing. Pioneering experiments selected defects with favourably located nuclear spins with particularly strong hyperfine couplings. To progress towards large-scale applications, larger and deterministically available nuclear registers are highly desirable. Here, we realize universal control over multi-qubit spin registers by harnessing abundant weakly coupled nuclear spins. We use the electron spin of a nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond to selectively initialize, control and read out carbon-13 spins in the surrounding spin bath and construct high-fidelity single- and two-qubit gates. We exploit these new capabilities to implement a three-qubit quantum-error-correction protocol and demonstrate the robustness of the encoded state against applied errors. These results transform weakly coupled nuclear spins from a source of decoherence into a reliable resource, paving the way towards extended quantum networks and surface-code quantum computing based on multi-qubit nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Taminiau
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J Cramer
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - T van der Sar
- 1] Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands [2]
| | - V V Dobrovitski
- Ames Laboratory and Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - R Hanson
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
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Radulaski M, Babinec TM, Buckley S, Rundquist A, Provine J, Alassaad K, Ferro G, Vučković J. Photonic crystal cavities in cubic (3C) polytype silicon carbide films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:32623-32629. [PMID: 24514856 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.032623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of high quality factor (Q ~10(3)) and small mode volume (V ~0.75 (λ/n)(3)) planar photonic crystal cavities from cubic (3C) thin films (thickness ~200 nm) of silicon carbide (SiC) grown epitaxially on a silicon substrate. We demonstrate cavity resonances across the telecommunications band, with wavelengths from 1.25 - 1.6 μm. Finally, we discuss possible applications in nonlinear optics, optical interconnects, and quantum information science.
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Spiess HW. Probing Macromolecular and Supramolecular Structure, Dynamics, and Function by Magnetic Resonance. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE I 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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