1
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Drake GA, Keating LP, Huang C, Shim M. Colloidal Multi-Dot Nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9074-9083. [PMID: 38517010 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal nanorod heterostructures consisting of multiple quantum dots within a nanorod (n-DNRs, where n is the number of quantum dots within a nanorod) are synthesized with alternating segments of CdSe "dot" and CdS "rod" via solution heteroepitaxy. The reaction temperature, time dependent ripening, and asymmetry of the wurtzite lattice and the resulting anisotropy of surface ligand steric hindrance are exploited to vary the morphology of the growing quantum dot segments. The alternating CdSe and CdS growth steps can be easily repeated to increment the dot number in unidirectional or bidirectional growth regimes. As an initial exploration of electron occupation effects on their optical properties, asymmetric 2-DNRs consisting of two dots of different lengths and diameters are synthesized and are shown to exhibit a change in color and an unusual photoluminescence quantum yield increase upon photochemical doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gryphon A Drake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Logan P Keating
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Conan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Moonsub Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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Roy S, Yang X, Gao J. Biaxial strain tuned upconversion photoluminescence of monolayer WS 2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3860. [PMID: 38360891 PMCID: PMC10869839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Monolayer tungsten disulfide (1L-WS2) is a direct bandgap atomic-layered semiconductor material with strain tunable optical and optoelectronic properties among the monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (1L-TMDs). Here, we demonstrate biaxial strain tuned upconversion photoluminescence (UPL) from exfoliated 1L-WS2 flakes transferred on a flexible polycarbonate cruciform substrate. When the biaxial strain applied to 1L-WS2 increases from 0 to 0.51%, it is observed that the UPL peak position is redshifted by up to 60 nm/% strain, while the UPL intensity exhibits exponential growth with the upconversion energy difference varying from - 303 to - 120 meV. The measured power dependence of UPL from 1L-WS2 under biaxial strain reveals the one photon involved multiphonon-mediated upconversion mechanism. The demonstrated results provide new opportunities in advancing TMD-based optical upconversion devices for future flexible photonics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrawan Roy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA.
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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3
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Frenkel N, Scharf E, Lubin G, Levi A, Panfil YE, Ossia Y, Planelles J, Climente JI, Banin U, Oron D. Two Biexciton Types Coexisting in Coupled Quantum Dot Molecules. ACS NANO 2023; 17:14990-15000. [PMID: 37459645 PMCID: PMC10416571 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Coupled colloidal quantum dot molecules (CQDMs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials, manifesting two coupled emission centers and thus introducing additional degrees of freedom for designing quantum-dot-based technologies. The properties of multiply excited states in these CQDMs are crucial to their performance as quantum light emitters, but they cannot be fully resolved by existing spectroscopic techniques. Here we study the characteristics of biexcitonic species, which represent a rich landscape of different configurations essentially categorized as either segregated or localized biexciton states. To this end, we introduce an extension of Heralded Spectroscopy to resolve the different biexciton species in the prototypical CdSe/CdS CQDM system. By comparing CQDMs with single quantum dots and with nonfused quantum dot pairs, we uncover the coexistence and interplay of two distinct biexciton species: A fast-decaying, strongly interacting biexciton species, analogous to biexcitons in single quantum dots, and a long-lived, weakly interacting species corresponding to two nearly independent excitons. The two biexciton types are consistent with numerical simulations, assigning the strongly interacting species to two excitons localized at one side of the quantum dot molecule and the weakly interacting species to excitons segregated to the two quantum dot molecule sides. This deeper understanding of multiply excited states in coupled quantum dot molecules can support the rational design of tunable single- or multiple-photon quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Frenkel
- Department
of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Einav Scharf
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Gur Lubin
- Department
of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Adar Levi
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yossef E. Panfil
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yonatan Ossia
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Josep Planelles
- Departament
de Quimica Fisica i Analitica, Universitat
Jaume I, E-12080 Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Juan I. Climente
- Departament
de Quimica Fisica i Analitica, Universitat
Jaume I, E-12080 Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dan Oron
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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4
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Pokryshkin NS, Mantsevich VN, Timoshenko VY. Anti-Stokes Photoluminescence in Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: From Understanding the Mechanism towards Application in Fully Solid-State Optical Cooling. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1833. [PMID: 37368263 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL) is an up-conversion phonon-assisted process of radiative recombination of photoexcited charge carriers when the ASPL photon energy is above the excitation one. This process can be very efficient in nanocrystals (NCs) of metalorganic and inorganic semiconductors with perovskite (Pe) crystal structure. In this review, we present an analysis of the basic mechanisms of ASPL and discuss its efficiency depending on the size distribution and surface passivation of Pe-NCs as well as the optical excitation energy and temperature. When the ASPL process is sufficiently efficient, it can result in an escape of most of the optical excitation together with the phonon energy from the Pe-NCs. It can be used in optical fully solid-state cooling or optical refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay S Pokryshkin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Phys-Bio Institute, University "MEPhI", 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Victor Y Timoshenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Shabani F, Martinez PLH, Shermet N, Korkut H, Sarpkaya I, Dehghanpour Baruj H, Delikanli S, Isik F, Durmusoglu EG, Demir HV. Gradient Type-II CdSe/CdSeTe/CdTe Core/Crown/Crown Heteronanoplatelets with Asymmetric Shape and Disproportional Excitonic Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205729. [PMID: 36650974 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by their strong 1D confinement and long-lifetime red-shifted emission spectra, colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) with type-II electronic structure provide an exciting ground to design complex heterostructures with remarkable properties. This work demonstrates the synthesis and optical characterization of CdSe/CdSeTe/CdTe core/crown/crown NPLs having a step-wise gradient electronic structure and disproportional wavefunction distribution, in which the excitonic properties of the electron and hole can be finely tuned through adjusting the geometry of the intermediate crown. The first crown with staggered configuration gives rise to a series of direct and indirect transition channels that activation/deactivation of each channel is possible through wavefunction engineering. Moreover, these NPLs allow for switching between active channels with temperature, where lattice contraction directly affects the electron-hole (e-h) overlap. Dominated by the indirect transition channels over direct transitions, the lifetime of the NPLs starts to increase at 9 K, indicative of low dark-bright exciton splitting energy. The charge transfer states from the two type-II interfaces promote a large number of indirect transitions, which effectively increase the absorption of low-energy photons critical for nonlinear properties. As a result, these NPLs demonstrate exceptionally high two-photon absorption cross-sections with the highest value of 12.9 × 106 GM and superlinear behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Shabani
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Pedro Ludwig Hernandez Martinez
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nina Shermet
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilal Korkut
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Sarpkaya
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Hamed Dehghanpour Baruj
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Savas Delikanli
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Furkan Isik
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Emek Goksu Durmusoglu
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology and National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Materials Sciences, School of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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6
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Mushtaq A, Yang X, Gao J. Unveiling room temperature upconversion photoluminescence in monolayer WSe 2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:45212-45220. [PMID: 36522928 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion photoluminescence (UPL) is a phenomenon describing an anti-Stokes process where the emitted photons have higher energy than the absorbed incident photons. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with strong photon-exciton interactions represent a fascinating platform for studying the anti-Stokes UPL process down to the monolayer thickness limit. Herein, we demonstrate room-temperature UPL emission in monolayer WSe2 with broadband near-infrared excitation. The measured excitation power dependence of UPL intensity at various upconversion energy gains unveils two distinguished upconversion mechanisms, including the one-photon involved multiphonon-assisted UPL process and the two-photon absorption (TPA) induced UPL process. In the phonon-assisted UPL regime, the observed exponential decay of UPL intensity with the increased energy gain is attributed to the decreased phonon population. Furthermore, valley polarization properties of UPL emission with circular polarization excitation is investigated. The demonstrated results will advance future photon upconversion applications based on monolayer TMDCs such as night vision, semiconductor laser cooling, and bioimaging.
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7
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Luo Y. Unveiling a Counterintuitive Intermode Interplay in a Prototype Plasmonic Nanosystem. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10388-10394. [PMID: 36317882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a counterintuitive intermode interplay in the plasmonic system of gold nanorods, i.e., energy transfer (EnT) from the lower-energy longitudinal (L) mode to the higher-energy transverse (T) mode. The opening of this EnT(L→T) channel is enabled by an energy upconversion process with the L mode, in which the solvent environment plays a critical role. Switching from a strong thermal-conductivity solvent (i.e., water) to a much weaker one (i.e., chloroform) brings on prolongation of plasmonic hot-electron lifetime and enhancement of phonon emission, thereby increasing the probability of L-mode energy upconversion assisted by self-absorption of phonon emission. The pertinent justification and further manipulation of EnT(L→T) are provided by control experiments mainly from ultrafast spectroscopy. Besides, a subtle intermode dynamic screening effect in this unary plasmonic system is also addressed. This work refreshes our knowledge about the elusive intermode interplay in plasmonic systems and offers implementable strategies to harness hot electrons toward plasmon-mediated applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
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8
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Kim SJ, Choi M, Hong G, Hahn SK. Controlled afterglow luminescent particles for photochemical tissue bonding. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:314. [PMID: 36302759 PMCID: PMC9613626 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion materials (UCMs) have been developed to convert tissue-penetrating near-infrared (NIR) light into visible light. However, the low energy conversion efficiency of UCMs has limited their further biophotonic applications. Here, we developed controlled afterglow luminescent particles (ALPs) of ZnS:Ag,Co with strong and persistent green luminescence for photochemical tissue bonding (PTB). The co-doping of Ag+ and Co2+ ions into ZnS:Ag,Co particles with the proper vacancy formation of host ions resulted in high luminescence intensity and long-term afterglow. In addition, the ALPs of ZnS:Ag,Co could be recharged rapidly under short ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, which effectively activated rose bengal (RB) in hyaluronate-RB (HA-RB) conjugates for the crosslinking of dissected collagen layers without additional light irradiation. The remarkable PTB of ZnS:Ag,Co particles with HA-RB conjugates was confirmed by in vitro collagen fibrillogenesis assay, in vivo animal wound closure rate analysis, and in vivo tensile strength evaluation of incised skin tissues. Taken together, we could confirm the feasibility of controlled ALPs for various biophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Minji Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea.
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9
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Abstract
Anisotropic heterostructures of colloidal nanocrystals embed size-, shape-, and composition-dependent electronic structure within variable three-dimensional morphology, enabling intricate design of solution-processable materials with high performance and programmable functionality. The key to designing and synthesizing such complex materials lies in understanding the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic factors that govern nanocrystal growth. In this review, nanorod heterostructures, the simplest of anisotropic nanocrystal heterostructures, are discussed with respect to their growth mechanisms. The effects of crystal structure, surface faceting/energies, lattice strain, ligand sterics, precursor reactivity, and reaction temperature on the growth of nanorod heterostructures through heteroepitaxy and cation exchange reactions are explored with currently known examples. Understanding the role of various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters enables the controlled synthesis of complex nanorod heterostructures that can exhibit unique tailored properties. Selected application prospects arising from such capabilities are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gryphon A Drake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 United States
| | - Logan P Keating
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 United States
| | - Moonsub Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 United States
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10
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Wang CW, Liu X, Qiao T, Khurana M, Akimov AV, Son DH. Photoemission of the Upconverted Hot Electrons in Mn-Doped CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6753-6759. [PMID: 35939549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hot electrons play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of photon-to-current conversion or photocatalytic reactions. In semiconductor nanocrystals, energetic hot electrons capable of photoemission can be generated via the upconversion process involving the dopant-originated intermediate state, currently known only in Mn-doped cadmium chalcogenide quantum dots. Here, we report that Mn-doped CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are an excellent platform for generating hot electrons via upconversion that can benefit from various desirable exciton properties and the structural diversity of metal halide perovskites (MHPs). Two-dimensional Mn-doped CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets are particularly advantageous for hot electron upconversion due to the strong exciton-dopant interaction mediating the upconversion process. Furthermore, nanoplatelets reveal evidence for the hot electron upconversion via long-lived dark excitons in addition to bright excitons that may enhance the upconversion efficiency. This study establishes the feasibility of hot electron upconversion in MHP hosts and demonstrates the potential merits of two-dimensional MHP nanocrystals in the upconversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tian Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mohit Khurana
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering, Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ballabio M, Cánovas E. Electron Transfer at Quantum Dot–Metal Oxide Interfaces for Solar Energy Conversion. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:367-395. [PMID: 36281255 PMCID: PMC9585894 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Electron transfer
at a donor–acceptor quantum dot–metal
oxide interface is a process fundamentally relevant to solar energy
conversion architectures as, e.g., sensitized solar cells and solar
fuels schemes. As kinetic competition at these technologically relevant
interfaces largely determines device performance, this Review surveys
several aspects linking electron transfer dynamics and device efficiency;
this correlation is done for systems aiming for efficiencies up to
and above the ∼33% efficiency limit set by Shockley and Queisser
for single gap devices. Furthermore, we critically comment on common
pitfalls associated with the interpretation of kinetic data obtained
from current methodologies and experimental approaches, and finally,
we highlight works that, to our judgment, have contributed to a better
understanding of the fundamentals governing electron transfer at quantum
dot–metal oxide interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ballabio
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Panfil Y, Cui J, Koley S, Banin U. Complete Mapping of Interacting Charging States in Single Coupled Colloidal Quantum Dot Molecules. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5566-5576. [PMID: 35289161 PMCID: PMC9047002 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs), major building blocks in modern optoelectronic devices, have so far been synthesized with only one emission center where the exciton resides. Recent development of coupled colloidal quantum dots molecules (CQDM), where two core-shell CQDs are fused to form two emission centers in close proximity, allows exploration of how charge carriers in one CQD affect the charge carriers in the other CQD. Cryogenic single particle spectroscopy reveals that while CQD monomers manifest a simple emission spectrum comprising a main emission peak with well-defined phonon sidebands, CQDMs exhibit a complex spectrum with multiple peaks that are not all spaced according to the known phonon frequencies. Based on complementary emission polarization and time-resolved analysis, this is assigned to fluorescence of the two coupled emission centers. Moreover, the complex peak structure shows correlated spectral diffusion indicative of the coupling between the two emission centers. Utilizing Schrödinger-Poisson self-consistent calculations, we directly map the spectral behavior, alternating between neutral and charged states of the CQDM. Spectral shifts related to electrostatic interaction between a charged emission center and the second emission center are thus fully mapped. Furthermore, effects of moving surface charges are identified, whereby the emission center proximal to the charge shows larger shifts. Instances where the two emission centers are negatively charged simultaneously are also identified. Such detailed mapping of charging states is enabled by the coupling within the CQDM and its anisotropic structure. This understanding of the coupling interactions is progress toward quantum technology and sensing applications based on CQDMs.
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13
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Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Recent advances in low-power-threshold nonlinear photochromic materials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2397-2415. [PMID: 35262107 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Incoherent nonlinear photophysical and photochemical processes based on stepwise two-photon absorption (2PA) processes have been recently used in materials science owing to their unique photoresponses beyond one-photon processes and lower power thresholds to induce the processes than those of coherent nonlinear optical processes. Among them, nonlinear photochromic materials have received considerable attention because they exhibit unconventional photoresponses compared with other incoherent nonlinear processes such as low-power-threshold nonlinear photoresponses with unimolecular systems, gated photochemical reactions and oxygen-insensitive nonlinear photoresponses. Nonlinear photochromic materials are important not only for colorimetric materials, but also for emergent materials that can enrich the next-generation society such as dynamic holographic materials, which are promising for three-dimensional displays. In this tutorial review, we introduce low-power-threshold nonlinear photochromic materials using stepwise 2PA processes. First, we explain the fundamental concepts of photochemistry as well as photochromic reactions. We attempt to provide an intuitive understanding of incoherent nonlinear optical processes using these fundamental concepts. Then, we introduce several recent examples and potential applications of nonlinear photochromic materials. This tutorial review is important for understanding the scientific progress related to these fields and provides a simple unified picture of the incoherent nonlinear optical properties of different types of photofunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
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14
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Ruan L, Zhang Y. Upconversion Perovskite Nanocrystal Heterostructures with Enhanced Luminescence and Stability by Lattice Matching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:51362-51372. [PMID: 34664937 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) exhibit excellent photoelectric and optical properties, but their poor stability and low multiphoton absorption efficiency greatly limit their biological applications. Efforts have been made to combine upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with PQDs to produce a composite material that is NIR-excitable, upconverting, and emission-tunable due to the unique optical properties of UCNPs, which converts tissue-penetrating near-infrared light into visible light based on an upconversion multiphoton excitation process. However, it is challenging to make such a nanocrystal heterostructure and maintain good optical properties and stability of both UCNPs and PQDs because they have different crystal structures. Here, we report the synthesis of heterostructured UCNP-PQD nanocrystals to bring hexagonal-phase NaYF4 UCNPs and cubic-phase CsPbBr1X2 PQDs in close proximity in a single nanocrystal, leading to efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the UCNP to the PQD under NIR excitation, as compared to their counterparts in solution. Moreover, by further improving the lattice matching between the UCNP and PQD using Gd to replace Y, heterostructured CsPbBr3-NaGdF4:Yb,Tm nanocrystals are successfully synthesized, with much enhanced luminescence and stability at high temperatures or in polar solvents or under continuous ultraviolet light excitation as compared to those of the CsPbBr3-NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanocrystals and pure PQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Ruan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456
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15
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Richards BS, Hudry D, Busko D, Turshatov A, Howard IA. Photon Upconversion for Photovoltaics and Photocatalysis: A Critical Review. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9165-9195. [PMID: 34327987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Opportunities for enhancing solar energy harvesting using photon upconversion are reviewed. The increasing prominence of bifacial solar cells is an enabling factor for the implementation of upconversion, however, when the realistic constraints of current best-performing silicon devices are considered, many challenges remain before silicon photovoltaics operating under nonconcentrated sunlight can be enhanced via lanthanide-based upconversion. A photophysical model reveals that >1-2 orders of magnitude increase in the intermediate state lifetime, energy transfer rate, or generation rate would be needed before such solar upconversion could start to become efficient. Methods to increase the generation rate such as the use of cosensitizers to expand the absorption range and the use of plasmonics or photonic structures are reviewed. The opportunities and challenges for these approaches (or combinations thereof) to achieve efficient solar upconversion are discussed. The opportunity for enhancing the performance of technologies such as luminescent solar concentrators by combining upconversion together with micro-optics is also reviewed. Triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion is progressing steadily toward being relevant to lower-bandgap solar cells. Looking toward photocatalysis, photophysical modeling indicates that current blue-to-ultraviolet lanthanide upconversion systems are very inefficient. However, hope remains in this direction for organic upconversion enhancing the performance of visible-light-active photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Damien Hudry
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Busko
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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16
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Wang Q, Wee ATS. Upconversion Photovoltaic Effect of WS 2/2D Perovskite Heterostructures by Two-Photon Absorption. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10437-10443. [PMID: 34009945 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic devices work by converting sunlight energy into electric energy. The efficiency of current photovoltaic devices, however, is significantly limited by the transmission loss of photons with energies below the bandgap of channel semiconductors, which can be circumvented by photon energy upconversion. Energy upconversion has been widely employed to improve the efficiency of traditional solar cells. However, the employment of energy upconversion in two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure photovoltaic devices has not been investigated yet. Here, we report the upconversion photovoltaic effect of WS2 monolayer/(C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4 (PEPI) 2D perovskite heterostructures by below-bandgap two-photon absorption via a virtual intermediate state. An open circuit voltage of 0.37 V and short circuit current of 7.4 pA are obtained with a photoresponsivity of 771 pA/W and current on/off ratio of 130:1. This work demonstrates that upconversion by two-photon absorption may potentially be a strategy for boosting the efficiency of 2D material-based photovoltaic devices by virtue of the absorption of photons below the bandgap energy of channel semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Block S14, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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17
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Wang Q, Wee ATS. Photoluminescence upconversion of 2D materials and applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:223001. [PMID: 33784662 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf37f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescence (PL) upconversion is a phenomenon involving light-matter interactions, where the energy of emitted photons is higher than that of the incident photons. PL upconversion is an intriguing process in two-dimensional materials and specifically designed 2D heterostructures, which have potential upconversion applications in optoelectronic devices, bioimaging, and semiconductor cooling. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in photoluminescence upconversion in two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures. We discuss the upconversion mechanisms, applications, and future outlook of upconversion in two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
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Abstract
![]()
Electronic
coupling and hence hybridization of atoms serves as
the basis for the rich properties for the endless library of naturally
occurring molecules. Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) manifesting quantum
strong confinement possess atomic-like characteristics with s and p electronic levels, which popularized
the notion of CQDs as artificial atoms. Continuing this analogy, when
two atoms are close enough to form a molecule so that their orbitals
start overlapping, the orbitals energies start to split into bonding
and antibonding states made out of hybridized orbitals. The same concept
is also applicable for two fused core–shell nanocrystals in
close proximity. Their band edge states, which dictate the emitted
photon energy, start to hybridize, changing their electronic and optical
properties. Thus, an exciting direction of “artificial molecules”
emerges, leading to a multitude of possibilities for creating a library
of new hybrid nanostructures with novel optoelectronic properties
with relevance toward diverse applications including quantum technologies. The controlled separation and the barrier height between two adjacent
quantum dots are key variables for dictating the magnitude of the
coupling energy of the confined wave functions. In the past, coupled
double quantum dot architectures prepared by molecular beam epitaxy
revealed a coupling energy of few millielectron volts, which limits
the applications to mostly cryogenic operation. The realization of
artificial quantum molecules with sufficient coupling energy detectable
at room temperature calls for the use of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal
building blocks. Moreover, the tunable surface chemistry widely opens
the predesigned attachment strategies as well as the solution processing
ability of the prepared artificial molecules, making the colloidal
nanocrystals as an ideal candidate for this purpose. Despite several
approaches that demonstrated enabling of the coupled structures, a
general and reproducible method applicable to a broad range of colloidal
quantum materials is needed for systematic tailoring of the coupling
strength based on a dictated barrier This Account addresses
the development of nanocrystal chemistry to create
coupled colloidal quantum dot molecules and to study the
controlled electronic coupling and their emergent properties. The
simplest nanocrystal molecule, a homodimer formed from two core/shell
nanocrystal monomers, in analogy to homonuclear diatomic molecules,
serves as a model system. The shell material of the two CQDs is structurally
fused, resulting in a continuous crystal. This lowers the potential
energy barrier, enabling the hybridization of the electronic wave
functions. The direct manifestation of the hybridization reflects
on the band edge transition shifting toward lower energy and is clearly
resolved at room temperature. The hybridization energy within the
single homodimer molecule is strongly correlated with the extent of
structural continuity, the delocalization of the exciton wave function,
and the barrier thickness as calculated numerically. The hybridization
impacts the emitted photon statistics manifesting faster radiative
decay rate, photon bunching effect, and modified Auger recombination
pathway compared to the monomer artificial atoms. Future perspectives
for the nanocrystals chemistry paradigm are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Koley
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jiabin Cui
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yossef E. Panfil
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Zhu Y, Zhao J, Li X, Xu X, Huang J, Ji X, Yang G, Pan G. Stable and Efficient Upconversion Single Red Emission from CsPbI 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Triggered by Upconversion Nanoparticles. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2649-2655. [PMID: 33522231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, composites including highly efficient inert shell-modified NaYF4:Yb/Tm@NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have been successfully synthesized by the assistance of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) as a precursor for a SiO2 matrix. UCNPs and CsPbI3 PQDs in this composite structure show excellent stability in ambient conditions. Importantly, the efficient UC emission of CsPbI3 PQDs was realized, which means that the single red emission of inert shell-modified UCNPs can be easily obtained by depending on these composite structures. Furthermore, the single red emission wavelength can be easily regulated from 705 to 625 nm by introducing appropriate proportion of Br- ions, which is very difficult to achieve for traditional UCNPs. Moreover, benefiting from the efficient downshifting (DS) red emission of CsPbI3 PQDs, the composites possess the dual-wavelength excitation characteristics. So, the excellent dual-mode anticounterfeiting application has been demonstrated. This work will provide a new idea for the development of perovskite-based multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials Microstructure, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, No.1 Jinming Street, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xueguo Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials Microstructure, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, P. R. China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials Microstructure, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, P. R. China
| | - Jinshu Huang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials Microstructure, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials Microstructure, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, P. R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials Microstructure, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, P. R. China
| | - Gencai Pan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, No.1 Jinming Street, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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20
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He S, Cheng Z. Near-Infrared II Optical Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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21
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Chen C, Zheng S, Song H. Photon management to reduce energy loss in perovskite solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7250-7329. [PMID: 33977928 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01488e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) over the past few years, the conversion of solar energy into electricity is not efficient enough or cost-competitive yet. The principal energy loss in the conversion of solar energy to electricity fundamentally originates from the non-absorption of low-energy photons ascribed to Shockley-Queisser limits and thermalization losses of high-energy photons. Enhancing the light-harvesting efficiency of the perovskite photoactive layer by developing efficient photo management strategies with functional materials and arrays remains a long-standing challenge. Here, we briefly review the historical research trials and future research trends to overcome the fundamental loss mechanisms in PSCs, including upconversion, downconversion, scattering, tandem/graded structures, texturing, anti-reflection, and luminescent solar concentrators. We will deeply emphasize the availability and analyze the importance of a fine device structure, fluorescence efficiency, material proportion, and integration position for performance improvement. The unique energy level structure arising from the 4fn inner shell configuration of the trivalent rare-earth ions gives multifarious options for efficient light-harvesting by upconversion and downconversion. Tandem or graded PSCs by combining a series of subcells with varying bandgaps seek to rectify the spectral mismatch. Plasmonic nanostructures function as a secondary light source to augment the light-trapping within the perovskite layer and carrier transporting layer, enabling enhanced carrier generation. Texturing the interior using controllable micro/nanoarrays can realize light-matter interactions. Anti-reflective coatings on the top glass cover of the PSCs bring about better transmission and glare reduction. Photon concentration through perovskite-based luminescent solar concentrators offers a path to increase efficiency at reduced cost and plays a role in building-integrated photovoltaics. Distinct from other published reviews, we here systematically and hierarchically present all of the photon management strategies in PSCs by presenting the theoretical possibilities and summarizing the experimental results, expecting to inspire future research in the field of photovoltaics, phototransistors, photoelectrochemical sensors, photocatalysis, and especially light-emitting diodes. We further assess the overall possibilities of the strategies based on ultimate efficiency prospects, material requirements, and developmental outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Dingzigu Road 1, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China. and State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shijian Zheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Dingzigu Road 1, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Zhang C, Chen J, Wang S, Kong L, Lewis SW, Yang X, Rogach AL, Jia G. Metal Halide Perovskite Nanorods: Shape Matters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002736. [PMID: 32985008 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-1D metal halide perovskite nanorods (NRs) are emerging as a type of materials with remarkable optical and electronic properties. Research into this field is rapidly expanding and growing in the past several years, with significant advances in both mechanistic studies of their growth and widespread possible applications. Here, the recent advances in 1D metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on NRs. At first, the crystal structures of perovskites are elaborated, which is followed by a review of the major synthetic approaches toward perovskite NRs, such as wet-chemical synthesis, substrate-assisted growth, and anion exchange reactions, and discussion of the growth mechanisms associated with each synthetic method. Then, thermal and aqueous stability and the linear polarized luminescence of perovskite NRs are considered, followed by highlighting their applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors/phototransistors, and lasers. Finally, challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly developing research area are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Lingmei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Simon W Lewis
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Centre for Functional Photonics (CFP) City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Jia
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
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23
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Khan AH, Bertrand GHV, Teitelboim A, Sekhar M. C, Polovitsyn A, Brescia R, Planelles J, Climente JI, Oron D, Moreels I. CdSe/CdS/CdTe Core/Barrier/Crown Nanoplatelets: Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties, and Multiphoton Fluorescence Upconversion. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4206-4215. [PMID: 32275814 PMCID: PMC7199781 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal two-dimensional (2D) nanoplatelet heterostructures are particularly interesting as they combine strong confinement of excitons in 2D materials with a wide range of possible semiconductor junctions due to a template-free, solution-based growth. Here, we present the synthesis of a ternary 2D architecture consisting of a core of CdSe, laterally encapsulated by a type-I barrier of CdS, and finally a type-II outer layer of CdTe as so-called crown. The CdS acts as a tunneling barrier between CdSe- and CdTe-localized hole states, and through strain at the CdS/CdTe interface, it can induce a shallow electron barrier for CdTe-localized electrons as well. Consequently, next to an extended fluorescence lifetime, the barrier also yields emission from CdSe and CdTe direct transitions. The core/barrier/crown configuration further enables two-photon fluorescence upconversion and, due to a high nonlinear absorption cross section, even allows to upconvert three near-infrared photons into a single green photon. These results demonstrate the capability of 2D heterostructured nanoplatelets to combine weak and strong confinement regimes to engineer their optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hossain Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Ayelet Teitelboim
- Department of Physics
of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Chandra Sekhar M.
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Rosaria Brescia
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Josep Planelles
- Departament
de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, 12080 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Juan Ignacio Climente
- Departament
de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, 12080 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Dan Oron
- Department of Physics
of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Iwan Moreels
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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Li X, Yang C, Yu Y, Li Z, Lin J, Guan X, Zheng Z, Chen D. Dual-Modal Photon Upconverting and Downshifting Emissions from Ultra-stable CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals Triggered by Co-Growth of Tm:NaYbF 4 Nanocrystals in Glass. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18705-18714. [PMID: 32216263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a novel dual-phase glass containing Tm:NaYbF4 upconverting nanocrystals (UCNCs) and CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). The advantages of this kind of nanocomposite are that it provides a solid inorganic glass host for the in situ co-growth of UCNCs and PNCs, and protects PNCs against decomposition affected by the external environment. Tm:NaYbF4 NC-sensitized stable CsPbBr3 PNCs photon UC emission in PNCs is achieved under the irradiation of a 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser, and the mechanism is evidenced to be radiative energy transfer (ET) from Tm3+: 1G4 state to PNCs rather than nonradiative Förster resonance ET. Consequently, the decay lifetime of exciton recombination is remarkably lengthened from intrinsic nanoseconds to milliseconds since carriers in PNCs are fed from the long-lifetime Tm3+ intermediate state. Under the simultaneous excitation of the ultraviolet (UV) light and NIR laser, dual-modal photon UC and downshifting (DS) emissions from ultra-stable CsPbBr3 PNCs in the glass are observed, and the combined UC/DS emitting color can be easily altered by modifying the pumping light power. In addition, UC exciton recombination and Tm3+ 4f-4f transitions are found to be highly temperature sensitive. All these unique emissive features enable the practical applications of the developed dual-phase glass in advanced anti-counterfeit and accurate temperature detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- College of Electronics and Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Perovskites Application of Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Changbin Yang
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- College of Electronics and Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Perovskites Application of Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jidong Lin
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xiangfeng Guan
- College of Electronics and Information Science, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zheng
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Daqin Chen
- College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou 350117, China
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25
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Advancements of Second Near-Infrared Biological Window Fluorophores: Mechanism, Synthesis, and Application In Vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2019_89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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26
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Li H, Wang X, Huang D, Chen G. Recent advances of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles for biological applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:072001. [PMID: 31627201 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4f36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) excited lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are emerging as a new type of fluorescent tag for biological applications, which can emit multi-photon ultraviolet, visible or NIR luminescence for imaging or activation of photosensitive molecules. Here, we present a comprehensive review on recent advances of UCNPs for a manifold of biological applications, including upconversion mechanisms, building bright multicolor upconversion nanocrystals, single nanoparticle and super resolution imaging, in vivo optical and multimodal imaging, photodynamic therapy, light-controlled drug release, biosensing, and toxicities. Our perspectives on the future development of UCNPs are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Colloidal quantum dot molecules manifesting quantum coupling at room temperature. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5401. [PMID: 31844043 PMCID: PMC6915722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupling of atoms is the basis of chemistry, yielding the beauty and richness of molecules. We utilize semiconductor nanocrystals as artificial atoms to form nanocrystal molecules that are structurally and electronically coupled. CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals are linked to form dimers which are then fused via constrained oriented attachment. The possible nanocrystal facets in which such fusion takes place are analyzed with atomic resolution revealing the distribution of possible crystal fusion scenarios. Coherent coupling and wave-function hybridization are manifested by a redshift of the band gap, in agreement with quantum mechanical simulations. Single nanoparticle spectroscopy unravels the attributes of coupled nanocrystal dimers related to the unique combination of quantum mechanical tunneling and energy transfer mechanisms. This sets the stage for nanocrystal chemistry to yield a diverse selection of coupled nanocrystal molecules constructed from controlled core/shell nanocrystal building blocks. These are of direct relevance for numerous applications in displays, sensing, biological tagging and emerging quantum technologies. In analogy to the coupling of atoms into molecules, the authors fuse colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals into quantum dot dimers. These nanocrystal ‘molecules’ exhibit significant quantum coupling effects, making them promising for applications in devices and potential quantum technologies.
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28
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Mi C, Zhou J, Wang F, Jin D. Thermally enhanced NIR-NIR anti-Stokes emission in rare earth doped nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12547-12552. [PMID: 31237309 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles with anti-Stokes emissions have enabled many sensing applications, but their efficiencies are considerably low. The key to enable the process of anti-Stokes emissions is to create phonons that assist the excited photons to be pumped from a lower energy state onto a higher one. Increasing the temperature will generate more phonons, but it unavoidably quenches the luminescence. Here by quantifying the number of phonons being generated from the host crystal and those at the surface of Yb3+/Nd3+ co-doped nanoparticles, we systematically investigated mechanisms towards the large enhancements of the phonon-assisted anti-Stokes emissions from 980 nm to 750 nm and 803 nm. Moreover, we provided direct evidence that moisture release from the nanoparticle surface at high temperature was not the main reason. We further demonstrated that the brightness of 10 nm nanoparticles was enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude, in stark contrast to the thermal quenching effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Mi
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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29
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Milleville CC, Chen EY, Lennon KR, Cleveland JM, Kumar A, Zhang J, Bork JA, Tessier A, LeBeau JM, Chase DB, Zide JMO, Doty MF. Engineering Efficient Photon Upconversion in Semiconductor Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2019; 13:489-497. [PMID: 30576110 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photon upconversion is a photophysical process in which two low-energy photons are converted into one high-energy photon. Photon upconversion has broad appeal for a range of applications from biomedical imaging and targeted drug release to solar energy harvesting. Current upconversion nanosystems, including lanthanide-doped nanocrystals and triplet-triplet annihilation molecules, have achieved upconversion quantum yields on the order of 10-30%. However, the performance of these materials is hampered by inherently narrow absorption cross sections and fixed energy levels originating in atomic, ionic, or molecular states. Semiconductors, on the other hand, have inherently wide absorption cross sections. Moreover, recent advances enable the synthesis of colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles with complex heterostructures that can control band alignments and tune optical properties. We synthesize and characterize a three-component heterostructure that successfully upconverts photons under continuous-wave illumination and solar-relevant photon fluxes. The heterostructure is composed of two cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs), an absorber and emitter, spatially separated by a cadmium sulfide nanorod (NR). We demonstrate that the principles of semiconductor heterostructure engineering can be applied to engineer improved upconversion efficiency. We first eliminate electron trap states near the surface of the absorbing QD and then tailor the band gap of the NR such that charge carriers are funneled to the emitting QD. When combined, these two changes result in a 100-fold improvement in photon upconversion performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abinash Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27606 , United States
| | | | | | - Ansel Tessier
- The Tatnall School , Wilmington , Delaware 19807 , United States
| | - James M LeBeau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27606 , United States
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30
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Meir N, Pinkas I, Oron D. NIR-to-visible upconversion in quantum dots via a ligand induced charge transfer state. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12153-12161. [PMID: 35517040 PMCID: PMC9063477 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01273g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photon upconversion is facilitated by the generation of a charge transfer transition in the interface of a coupled QD–thiol system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Meir
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 7610001
- Israel
| | - Iddo Pinkas
- Department of Chemical Research Support
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 7610001
- Israel
| | - Dan Oron
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Rehovot 7610001
- Israel
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31
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Enders F, Budweg A, Zeng P, Lauth J, Smith TA, Brida D, Boldt K. Switchable dissociation of excitons bound at strained CdTe/CdS interfaces. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22362-22373. [PMID: 30474672 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07973k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Charge carrier dynamics of semiconductor nano-heterostructures are determined by band alignment and lattice mismatch of the adjacent materials. However, quantum efficiencies for the separation of excited charge carriers at such an interface are hard to predict and cannot yet be easily controlled. In this work we examine nanorods with a severely strained, axial CdTe/CdS interface using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We show that charge separation is mitigated by equal contributions of valence band distortion and formation of coulomb pairs across the interface. Left undisturbed such localised excitons relax rapidly via non-radiative recombination channels. By adding a competitive hole acceptor that disrupts the coulomb interaction we overcome the synergetic co-localisation of the carriers and realise charge separation. The thus created long-lived state can be exploited for a broad range of applications such as photocatalysis, water splitting, and switchable nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Enders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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32
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Chen EY, Milleville C, Zide JM, Doty MF, Zhang J. Upconversion of low-energy photons in semiconductor nanostructures for solar energy harvesting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1557/mre.2018.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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33
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Wang Q, Zhang Q, Zhao X, Luo X, Wong CPY, Wang J, Wan D, Venkatesan T, Pennycook SJ, Loh KP, Eda G, Wee ATS. Photoluminescence Upconversion by Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6898-6905. [PMID: 30260651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was recently reported to display single photon emission from ultraviolet to near-infrared range due to the existence of defects. Single photon emission has potential applications in quantum information processing and optoelectronics. These findings trigger increasing research interests in h-BN defects, such as revealing the nature of the defects. Here, we report another intriguing defect property in h-BN, namely photoluminescence (PL) upconversion (anti-Stokes process). The energy gain by the PL upconversion is about 162 meV. The anomalous PL upconversion is attributed to optical phonon absorption in the one-photon excitation process, based on excitation power, excitation wavelength, and temperature-dependence investigations. Possible constitutions of the defects are discussed from the results of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) studies and theoretical calculations. These findings show that defects in h-BN exhibit strong defect-phonon coupling. The results from STEM and theoretical calculations are beneficial for understanding the constitution of the h-BN defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixing Wang
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , National University of Singapore , Block S14, 6 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117546 , Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , 13 Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01, 28 Medical Drive , Singapore 117456 , Singapore
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
- Department of Applied Physics , the Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Calvin Pei Yu Wong
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , 13 Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01, 28 Medical Drive , Singapore 117456 , Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03 , Singapore 138634 , Singapore
| | - Junyong Wang
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
| | - Dongyang Wan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore , National University of Singapore , 117411 , Singapore
| | - T Venkatesan
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , 13 Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01, 28 Medical Drive , Singapore 117456 , Singapore
- NUSNNI-NanoCore , National University of Singapore , 117411 , Singapore
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive 1 , Singapore 117575 , Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive 1 , 117575 , Singapore
| | - Stephen J Pennycook
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore , 13 Centre for Life Sciences, #05-01, 28 Medical Drive , Singapore 117456 , Singapore
- NUSNNI-NanoCore , National University of Singapore , 117411 , Singapore
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive 1 , Singapore 117575 , Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , National University of Singapore , Block S14, 6 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117546 , Singapore
| | - Goki Eda
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , National University of Singapore , Block S14, 6 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117546 , Singapore
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117542 , Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials , National University of Singapore , Block S14, 6 Science Drive 2 , Singapore 117546 , Singapore
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34
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Zheng W, Huang P, Gong Z, Tu D, Xu J, Zou Q, Li R, You W, Bünzli JCG, Chen X. Near-infrared-triggered photon upconversion tuning in all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3462. [PMID: 30150637 PMCID: PMC6110834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
All-inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have shown great promise in optoelectronics and photovoltaics owing to their outstanding linear optical properties; however, nonlinear upconversion is limited by the small cross-section of multiphoton absorption, necessitating high power density excitation. Herein, we report a convenient and versatile strategy to fine tuning the upconversion luminescence in CsPbX3 PeQDs through sensitization by lanthanide-doped nanoparticles. Full-color emission with wavelengths beyond the availability of lanthanides is achieved through tailoring of the PeQDs bandgap, in parallel with the inherent high conversion efficiency of energy transfer upconversion under low power density excitation. Importantly, the luminescent lifetimes of the excitons can be enormously lengthened from the intrinsic nanosecond scale to milliseconds depending on the lifetimes of lanthanide ions. These findings provide a general approach to stimulate photon upconversion in PeQDs, thereby opening up a new avenue for exploring novel and versatile applications of PeQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongliang Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Datao Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Qilin Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Renfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Wenwu You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jean-Claude G Bünzli
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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35
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Rabouw F, Prins PT, Villanueva-Delgado P, Castelijns M, Geitenbeek RG, Meijerink A. Quenching Pathways in NaYF 4:Er 3+,Yb 3+ Upconversion Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4812-4823. [PMID: 29648802 PMCID: PMC5968434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion (UC) phosphors absorb low-energy infrared light and convert it into higher-energy visible light. Despite over 10 years of development, it has not been possible to synthesize nanocrystals (NCs) with UC efficiencies on a par with what can be achieved in bulk materials. To guide the design and realization of more efficient UC NCs, a better understanding is necessary of the loss pathways competing with UC. Here we study the excited-state dynamics of the workhorse UC material β-NaYF4 co-doped with Yb3+ and Er3+. For each of the energy levels involved in infrared-to-visible UC, we measure and model the competition between spontaneous emission, energy transfer between lanthanide ions, and other decay processes. An important quenching pathway is energy transfer to high-energy vibrations of solvent and/or ligand molecules surrounding the NCs, as evidenced by the effect of energy resonances between electronic transitions of the lanthanide ions and vibrations of the solvent molecules. We present a microscopic quantitative model for the quenching dynamics in UC NCs. It takes into account cross-relaxation at high lanthanide-doping concentration as well as Förster resonance energy transfer from lanthanide excited states to vibrational modes of molecules surrounding the UC NCs. Our model thereby provides insight in the inert-shell thickness required to prevent solvent quenching in NCs. Overall, the strongest contribution to reduced UC efficiencies in core-shell NCs comes from quenching of the near-infrared energy levels (Er3+: 4I11/2 and Yb3+: 2F5/2), which is likely due to vibrational coupling to OH- defects incorporated in the NCs during synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy
T. Rabouw
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P. Tim Prins
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Villanueva-Delgado
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Castelijns
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin G. Geitenbeek
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials
Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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36
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Shi L, Hu J, Wu X, Zhan S, Hu S, Tang Z, Chen M, Liu Y. Upconversion core/shell nanoparticles with lowered surface quenching for fluorescence detection of Hg2+ ions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16445-16452. [PMID: 30352108 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02853b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we reported a fluorescent nanoprobe assembled with upconversion core/shell nanoparticles and a chromophore ruthenium complex (N719@UCNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials
- School of Science
- Xijing University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Junshan Hu
- School of Physics
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Information Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Shiping Zhan
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Shigang Hu
- Department of Information Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Zhijun Tang
- Department of Information Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Mingshu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials
- School of Science
- Xijing University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Yunxin Liu
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
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37
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Hu J, Zhan S, Wu X, Hu S, Wu S, Liu Y. Core/shell upconversion nanoparticles with intense fluorescence for detecting doxorubicin in vivo. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21505-21512. [PMID: 35539931 PMCID: PMC9081841 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02928h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. Herein, we report a rapid and efficient method for detecting Dox in vivo based on a NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+@NaYF4 core/shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) probe. We found that the intensity ratio of green to red emission (IGVRE) bands of the core/shell NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+@NaYF4 nanoparticles was sensitive to Dox in blood samples, and drops as the concentration of Dox increases. In addition, the proposed UCNPs probe possessed the advantage that no nanoparticles leaked into the living body, thus overcoming the intrinsic defect (difficulty in removing UCNPs from blood vessels) of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approach. This proposed UCNP probe design and results may provide some guidance for the real-time and efficient detection of Dox, and can be helpful in biomedical applications. Doxorubicin (Dox) is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Hu
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science
- China
| | - Shiping Zhan
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science
- China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Information Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Shigang Hu
- Department of Information Science
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- China
| | - Shaobing Wu
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science
- China
| | - Yunxin Liu
- Department of Physics and Electronic Science
- China
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38
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Han S, Hwang BW, Jeon EY, Jung D, Lee GH, Keum DH, Kim KS, Yun SH, Cha HJ, Hahn SK. Upconversion Nanoparticles/Hyaluronate-Rose Bengal Conjugate Complex for Noninvasive Photochemical Tissue Bonding. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9979-9988. [PMID: 28892611 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent progress in photonic nanomaterials has contributed greatly to the development of photomedicines. However, the finite depth of light penetration is still a serious limitation, constraining their clinical applications. Here, we developed a poly(allylamine) (PAAm)-modified upconversion nanoparticle/hyaluronate-rose bengal (UCNP/PAAm/HA-RB) conjugate complex for photochemical bonding of deep tissue with near-infrared (NIR) light illumination. Compared to the conventional invasive treatment via suturing and stapling, the UCNP/PAAm/HA-RB conjugate complex could be noninvasively delivered into the deep tissue and accelerate the tissue bonding upon NIR light illumination. HA in the outer layer of the complex facilitated the penetration of RB into the collagen layer of the dermis. The NIR light triggered UCNP of NaYF4: Yb/Er (Y:Yb:Er = 78:20:2) in the complex to illuminate visible green light under the skin tissue. The activated RB in the HA-RB conjugate by the green light induced radical formation for the cross-linking of incised collagen matrix. An in vitro light propagation test and collagen fibrillogenesis analysis, an in vivo animal tissue bonding test, and an ex vivo tensile strength test of dissected skin tissues confirmed the successful photochemical tissue bonding effect of the UCNP/PAAm/HA-RB conjugate complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Byung Woo Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Eun Young Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Dooyup Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Geon Hui Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Do Hee Keum
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Ki Su Kim
- PHI BIOMED Co. , #613, 12 Gangnam-daero 65-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06612, Korea
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital , 65 Landsdowne Street UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital , 65 Landsdowne Street UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- PHI BIOMED Co. , #613, 12 Gangnam-daero 65-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06612, Korea
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39
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Naik GV, Welch AJ, Briggs JA, Solomon ML, Dionne JA. Hot-Carrier-Mediated Photon Upconversion in Metal-Decorated Quantum Wells. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4583-4587. [PMID: 28661675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the frequency of electromagnetic waves forms the core of many modern technologies, ranging from imaging and spectroscopy to radio and optical communication. The process of converting photons from higher to lower energy is easily accomplished and technologically widespread. However, upconversion, which is the process of converting lower-energy photons into higher-energy photons, is still a growing field of study with nascent applications and burgeoning interest. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a new photon upconversion technique mediated by hot carriers in plasmonic nanostructures. Hot holes and hot electrons generated via plasmon decay in illuminated metal nanoparticles are injected into an adjacent semiconductor quantum well where they radiatively recombine to emit higher-energy photons. Using GaN/InGaN quantum wells decorated with gold and silver nanoparticles, we show photon upconversion from 2.4 to 2.8 eV. The process scales linearly with illumination power and enables both geometry- and polarization-based tunability. The conversion of plasmonic losses into upconverted optical emission has the potential to impact bioimaging, on-chip wavelength conversion, and high-efficiency photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj V Naik
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alex J Welch
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Justin A Briggs
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michelle L Solomon
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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40
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Recent advances in optical properties and applications of colloidal quantum dots under two-photon excitation. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Kment S, Riboni F, Pausova S, Wang L, Wang L, Han H, Hubicka Z, Krysa J, Schmuki P, Zboril R. Photoanodes based on TiO2and α-Fe2O3for solar water splitting – superior role of 1D nanoarchitectures and of combined heterostructures. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:3716-3769. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00015k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Solar driven photoelectrochemical water splitting represents a promising approach for a sustainable and environmentally friendly production of renewable energy vectors and fuel sources, such as H2.
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42
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Makarov NS, Lin Q, Pietryga JM, Robel I, Klimov VI. Auger Up-Conversion of Low-Intensity Infrared Light in Engineered Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10829-10841. [PMID: 27936587 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One source of efficiency losses in photovoltaic cells is their transparency toward solar photons with energies below the band gap of the absorbing layer. This loss can be reduced using a process of up-conversion whereby two or more sub-band-gap photons generate a single above-gap exciton. Traditional approaches to up-conversion, such as nonlinear two-photon absorption (2PA) or triplet fusion, suffer from low efficiency at solar light intensities, a narrow absorption bandwidth, nonoptimal absorption energies, and difficulties for implementing in practical devices. Here we show that these deficiencies can be alleviated using the effect of Auger up-conversion in thick-shell PbSe/CdSe quantum dots. This process relies on Auger recombination whereby two low-energy, core-based excitons are converted into a single higher-energy, shell-based exciton. Compared to their monocomponent counterparts, the tailored PbSe/CdSe heterostructures feature enhanced absorption cross-sections, a higher efficiency of the "productive" Auger pathway involving re-excitation of a hole, and longer lifetimes of both core- and shell-localized excitons. These features lead to effective up-conversion cross-sections that are more than 6 orders of magnitude higher than for standard nonlinear 2PA, which allows for efficient up-conversion of continuous wave infrared light at intensities as low as a few watts per square centimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay S Makarov
- Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Qianglu Lin
- Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Pietryga
- Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - István Robel
- Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Victor I Klimov
- Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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43
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Manor A, Kruger N, Sabapathy T, Rotschild C. Thermally enhanced photoluminescence for heat harvesting in photovoltaics. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13167. [PMID: 27762271 PMCID: PMC5080438 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The maximal Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit of 41% for single-junction photovoltaics is primarily caused by heat dissipation following energetic-photon absorption. Solar-thermophotovoltaics concepts attempt to harvest this heat loss, but the required high temperatures (T>2,000 K) hinder device realization. Conversely, we have recently demonstrated how thermally enhanced photoluminescence is an efficient optical heat-pump that operates in comparably low temperatures. Here we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate such a thermally enhanced photoluminescence based solar-energy converter. Here heat is harvested by a low bandgap photoluminescent absorber that emits thermally enhanced photoluminescence towards a higher bandgap photovoltaic cell, resulting in a maximum theoretical efficiency of 70% at a temperature of 1,140 K. We experimentally demonstrate the key feature of sub-bandgap photon thermal upconversion with an efficiency of 1.4% at only 600 K. Experiments on white light excitation of a tailored Cr:Nd:Yb glass absorber suggest that conversion efficiencies as high as 48% at 1,500 K are in reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Manor
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Nimrod Kruger
- Grand Energy Program, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Tamilarasan Sabapathy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Carmel Rotschild
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.,Grand Energy Program, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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44
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Multicolour synthesis in lanthanide-doped nanocrystals through cation exchange in water. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13059. [PMID: 27698348 PMCID: PMC5059460 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meeting the high demand for lanthanide-doped luminescent nanocrystals across a broad range of fields hinges upon the development of a robust synthetic protocol that provides rapid, just-in-time nanocrystal preparation. However, to date, almost all lanthanide-doped luminescent nanomaterials have relied on direct synthesis requiring stringent controls over crystal nucleation and growth at elevated temperatures. Here we demonstrate the use of a cation exchange strategy for expeditiously accessing large classes of such nanocrystals. By combining the process of cation exchange with energy migration, the luminescence properties of the nanocrystals can be easily tuned while preserving the size, morphology and crystal phase of the initial nanocrystal template. This post-synthesis strategy enables us to achieve upconversion luminescence in Ce3+ and Mn2+-activated hexagonal-phased nanocrystals, opening a gateway towards applications ranging from chemical sensing to anti-counterfeiting. De novo synthesis is the primary way to tune the emission colour of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals. Here, the authors introduce post-synthetic cation exchange as a strategy to access multiple colours of luminescent nanocrystals, preserving the size and morphology of the original template.
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45
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Abstract
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Pairs of coupled quantum dots with controlled coupling between
the two potential wells serve as an extremely rich system, exhibiting
a plethora of optical phenomena that do not exist in each of the isolated
constituent dots. Over the past decade, coupled quantum systems have
been under extensive study in the context of epitaxially grown quantum
dots (QDs), but only a handful of examples have been reported with
colloidal QDs. This is mostly due to the difficulties in controllably
growing nanoparticles that encapsulate within them two dots separated
by an energetic barrier via colloidal synthesis methods. Recent advances
in colloidal synthesis methods have enabled the first clear demonstrations
of colloidal double quantum dots and allowed for the first exploratory
studies into their optical properties. Nevertheless, colloidal double
QDs can offer an extended level of structural manipulation that allows
not only for a broader range of materials to be used as compared with
epitaxially grown counterparts but also for more complex control over
the coupling mechanisms and coupling strength between two spatially
separated quantum dots. The photophysics of these nanostructures is governed by the balance
between two coupling mechanisms. The first is via dipole–dipole
interactions between the two constituent components, leading to energy
transfer between them. The second is associated with overlap of excited
carrier wave functions, leading to charge transfer and multicarrier
interactions between the two components. The magnitude of the coupling
between the two subcomponents is determined by the detailed potential
landscape within the nanocrystals (NCs). One of the hallmarks of double QDs is the observation of dual-color
emission from a single nanoparticle, which allows for detailed spectroscopy
of their properties down to the single particle level. Furthermore,
rational design of the two coupled subsystems enables one to tune
the emission statistics from single photon emission to classical emission.
Dual emission also provides these NCs with more advanced functionalities
than the isolated components. The ability to better tailor the emission
spectrum can be advantageous for color designed LEDs in lighting and
display applications. The different response of the two emission colors
to external stimuli enables ratiometric sensing. Control over hot
carrier dynamics within such structures allows for photoluminescence
upconversion. This Account first provides a description of the main hurdles toward
the synthesis of colloidal double QDs and an overview of the growing
library of synthetic pathways toward constructing them. The main discoveries
regarding their photophysical properties are then described in detail,
followed by an overview of potential applications taking advantage
of the double-dot structure. Finally, a perspective and outlook for
their future development is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Teitelboim
- Department of Physics of
Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Noga Meir
- Department of Physics of
Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Miri Kazes
- Department of Physics of
Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Dan Oron
- Department of Physics of
Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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46
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Teitelboim A, Oron D. Broadband Near-Infrared to Visible Upconversion in Quantum Dot-Quantum Well Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2016; 10:446-52. [PMID: 26592258 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion is a nonlinear process in which two, or more, long wavelength photons are converted to a shorter wavelength photon. It holds great promise for bioimaging, enabling spatially resolved imaging in a scattering specimen and for photovoltaic devices as a means to surpass the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit. Here, we present dual near-infrared and visible emitting PbSe/CdSe/CdS nanocrystals able to upconvert a broad range of NIR wavelengths to visible emission at room temperature. The synthesis is a three-step process, which enables versatility and tunability of both the visible emission color and the NIR absorption edge. Using this method, one can achieve a range of desired upconverted emission peak positions with a suitable NIR band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Teitelboim
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel 7610001
| | - Dan Oron
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel 7610001
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47
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Zhou B, Shi B, Jin D, Liu X. Controlling upconversion nanocrystals for emerging applications. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 10:924-36. [PMID: 26530022 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 672] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals enable anti-Stokes emission with pump intensities several orders of magnitude lower than required by conventional nonlinear optical techniques. Their exceptional properties, namely large anti-Stokes shifts, sharp emission spectra and long excited-state lifetimes, have led to a diversity of applications. Here, we review upconversion nanocrystals from the perspective of fundamental concepts and examine the technical challenges in relation to emission colour tuning and luminescence enhancement. In particular, we highlight the advances in functionalization strategies that enable the broad utility of upconversion nanocrystals for multimodal imaging, cancer therapy, volumetric displays and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, 117602 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Advanced Cytometry Labs, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Advanced Cytometry Labs, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, 117602 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Functional Materials, NUS (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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48
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Shang Y, Hao S, Yang C, Chen G. Enhancing Solar Cell Efficiency Using Photon Upconversion Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 5:1782-1809. [PMID: 28347095 PMCID: PMC5304768 DOI: 10.3390/nano5041782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photovoltaic cells are able to convert sunlight into electricity, providing enough of the most abundant and cleanest energy to cover our energy needs. However, the efficiency of current photovoltaics is significantly impeded by the transmission loss of sub-band-gap photons. Photon upconversion is a promising route to circumvent this problem by converting these transmitted sub-band-gap photons into above-band-gap light, where solar cells typically have high quantum efficiency. Here, we summarize recent progress on varying types of efficient upconversion materials as well as their outstanding uses in a series of solar cells, including silicon solar cells (crystalline and amorphous), gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and other types of solar cells. The challenge and prospect of upconversion materials for photovoltaic applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Shang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Shuwei Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- Harbin Huigong Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Chunhui Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- Harbin Huigong Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Guanying Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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49
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Kumaresan P, Liu YY, Vegiraju S, Ezhumalai Y, Yu HC, Yau SL, Chen MC, Lin TC. Synthesis and Characterization of Two-Photon Active Chromophores Based on Tetrathienoacene (TTA) and Dithienothiophene (DTT). Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1640-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabakaran Kumaresan
- Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Jhong-Li 32001 Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry; PSG college of Arts and Science; Coimbatore- 641014 India
| | - Yi-You Liu
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Jhong-Li 32001 Taiwan
| | | | - Yamuna Ezhumalai
- Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Jhong-Li 32001 Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Cheng Yu
- Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Jhong-Li 32001 Taiwan
| | - Shueh Lin Yau
- Electrochemical Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Jhong-Li 32001 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Jhong-Li 32001 Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chau Lin
- Photonic Materials Research Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; National Central University; Jhong-Li 32001 Taiwan
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50
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Mutoh K, Nakagawa Y, Sakamoto A, Kobayashi Y, Abe J. Stepwise Two-Photon-Gated Photochemical Reaction in Photochromic [2.2]Paracyclophane-Bridged Bis(imidazole dimer). J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5674-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Mutoh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe,
Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Itoh Optical Industrial Co.,Ltd., 3-19 Miyanari-cho, Gamagori, Aichi 443-0041, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe,
Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe,
Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe,
Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST),
K’s Gobancho 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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