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Bakhtazad A, Asgari Taei A, Parvizi F, Kadivar M, Farahmandfar M. Repeated pre-exposure to morphine inhibited the amnesic effect of ethanol on spatial memory: Involvement of CaMKII and BDNF. Alcohol 2024; 114:9-24. [PMID: 37597575 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has suggested that addiction and memory systems are related, but the signaling cascades underlying this interaction have not been completelyealed yet. The importance of calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the memory processes and also in drug addiction has been previously established. In this present investigation, we examined the effects of repeated morphine pretreatment on impairment of spatial learning and memory acquisition induced by systemic ethanol administration in adult male rats. Also, we assessed how these drug exposures influence the expression level of CaMKII and BDNF in the hippocampus and amygdala. Animals were trained by a single training session of 8 trials, and a probe test containing a 60-s free-swim without a platform was administered 24 h later. Before training trials, rats were treated with a once-daily subcutaneous morphine injection for 3 days followed by a 5-day washout period. The results showed that pre-training ethanol (1 g/kg) impaired spatial learning and memory acquisition and down-regulated the mRNA expression of CaMKII and BDNF. The amnesic effect of ethanol was suppressed in morphine- (15 mg/kg/day) pretreated animals. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of CaMKII and BDNF increased significantly following ethanol administration in morphine-pretreated rats. Conversely, this improvement in spatial memory acquisition was prevented by daily subcutaneous administration of naloxone (2 mg/kg) 15 min prior to morphine administration. Our findings suggest that sub-chronic morphine treatment reverses ethanol-induced spatial memory impairment, which could be explained by modulating CaMKII and BDNF mRNA expressions in the hippocampus and amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Bakhtazad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Parvizi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Aghamiri H, Jafari-Sabet M, Hoormand M. Ameliorative Effect of Cannabidiol on Topiramate-Induced Memory Loss: The Role of Hippocampal and Prefrontal Cortical NMDA Receptors and CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathways in Rats. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:363-378. [PMID: 37814133 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a promising neurological agent with potential beneficial effects on memory and cognitive function. The combination of CBD and topiramate in the treatment of some neurological diseases has been of great interest. Since Topiramate-induced memory loss is a major drawback of its clinical application and the overall effect of the combination of CBD and topiramate on memory is still unclear, here we investigated the effect of CBD on topiramate-induced memory loss and the underlying molecular mechanisms. A one trial step-through inhibitory test was used to evaluate memory consolidation in rats. Moreover, the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the combination of CBD and topiramate in memory consolidation was evaluated through the intra-CA1 administration of MK-801 and NMDA. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate variations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (pCREB)/CREB ratio in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC). While the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of topiramate (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced inhibitory time latency, the i.p. administration of CBD (20 and 40 mg/kg) could effectively reverse these effects. Similarly, the sub-effective doses of NMDA plus CBD (10 mg/kg) could improve the topiramate-induced memory loss along with an enhancement in BDNF and pCREB expression in the PFC and HPC. Contrarily, the administration of sub-effective doses of the NMDAR antagonist (MK-801) diminished the protective effects of CBD (20 mg/kg) on topiramate-induced memory loss associated with decreased BDNF and pCREB levels in the PFC and HPC. These findings suggest that CBD can improve topiramate-induced memory impairment, partially by the NMDARs of the PFC and HPC, possibly regulated by the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Aghamiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Jafari-Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Hoormand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Zhang T, Musheshe N, van der Veen CHJTM, Kessels HW, Dolga A, De Deyn P, Eisel U, Schmidt M. The Expression of Epac2 and GluA3 in an Alzheimer's Disease Experimental Model and Postmortem Patient Samples. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2096. [PMID: 37626593 PMCID: PMC10452319 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation in the brain. Recent studies indicated that memory retrieval, rather than memory formation, was impaired in the early stage of AD. Our previous study reported that pharmacological activation of hippocampal Epac2 promoted memory retrieval in C57BL/6J mice. A recent study suggested that pharmacological inhibition of Epac2 prevented synaptic potentiation mediated by GluA3-containing AMPARs. In this study, we aimed to investigate proteins associated with Epac2-mediated memory in hippocampal postmortem samples of AD patients and healthy controls compared with the experimental AD model J20 and wild-type mice. Epac2 and phospho-Akt were downregulated in AD patients and J20 mice, while Epac1 and phospho-ERK1/2 were not altered. GluA3 was reduced in J20 mice and tended to decrease in AD patients. PSD95 tended to decrease in AD patients and J20. Interestingly, AKAP5 was increased in AD patients but not in J20 mice, implicating its role in tau phosphorylation. Our study points to the downregulation of hippocampal expression of proteins associated with Epac2 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.Z.); (N.M.); (C.H.J.T.M.v.d.V.); (A.D.)
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Nshunge Musheshe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.Z.); (N.M.); (C.H.J.T.M.v.d.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Christina H. J. T. M. van der Veen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.Z.); (N.M.); (C.H.J.T.M.v.d.V.); (A.D.)
| | - Helmut W. Kessels
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Amalia Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.Z.); (N.M.); (C.H.J.T.M.v.d.V.); (A.D.)
- Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (T.Z.); (N.M.); (C.H.J.T.M.v.d.V.); (A.D.)
- Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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He Y, Wang Y, Yang K, Jiao J, Zhan H, Yang Y, Lv D, Li W, Ding W. Maslinic Acid: A New Compound for the Treatment of Multiple Organ Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:8732. [PMID: 36557864 PMCID: PMC9786823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maslinic acid (MA) is a pentacyclic triterpene acid, which exists in many plants, including olive, and is highly safe for human beings. In recent years, it has been reported that MA has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, neuroprotective and other biological activities. More and more experimental data has shown that MA has a good therapeutic effect on multiple organ diseases, indicating that it has great clinical application potential. In this paper, the extraction, purification, identification and analysis, biological activity, pharmacokinetics in vivo and molecular mechanism of MA in treating various organ diseases are reviewed. It is hoped to provide a new idea for MA to treat various organ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jia Jiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hong Zhan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - De Lv
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
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5
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Pak ME, Yang HJ, Li W, Kim JK, Go Y. Yuk-Gunja-Tang attenuates neuronal death and memory impairment via ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling in the hippocampi of experimental Alzheimer’s disease model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1014840. [PMID: 36386241 PMCID: PMC9643579 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1014840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Yuk-Gunja-Tang (YG) is the Korean traditional medicine in East Asia for gastrointestinal disorders. In the present study, we determined the protective effects of YG on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells and mice with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. In vitro assessments were performed using a cell viability assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting, while in vivo assessments were performed in C57BL/6 mice administered with YG for 7 days and injected with scopolamine (1 mg/kg) for 7 days. We assessed the memory function using the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance tests. Protein expression analyses and histological analyses were performed using hippocampal tissues. YG treatment significantly restored cell viability against glutamate-induced apoptosis. It significantly suppressed glutamate-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. It also increased Bcl-2 protein expression and decreased HO-1 protein expression. It activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP response element binding protein (ERK/CREB) signaling pathway and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) under excitotoxic conditions. In the scopolamine-injected mice, YG ameliorated memory impairment in the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and passive avoidance tests; restored dysfunction in the acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase expression levels; reduced neuronal damage in Nissl staining; and increased BDNF and phosphorylated ERK and CREB levels in Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Thus, YG exerted neuroprotective effects by activating ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling in the hippocampus, indicating its potential cognition-enhancing effects, especially in Alzheimer’s disease.
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6
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Ojea Ramos S, Feld M, Fustiñana MS. Contributions of extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 activity to the memory trace. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:988790. [PMID: 36277495 PMCID: PMC9580372 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.988790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to learn from experience and consequently adapt our behavior is one of the most fundamental capacities enabled by complex and plastic nervous systems. Next to cellular and systems-level changes, learning and memory formation crucially depends on molecular signaling mechanisms. In particular, the extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), historically studied in the context of tumor growth and proliferation, has been shown to affect synaptic transmission, regulation of neuronal gene expression and protein synthesis leading to structural synaptic changes. However, to what extent the effects of ERK are specifically related to memory formation and stabilization, or merely the result of general neuronal activation, remains unknown. Here, we review the signals leading to ERK activation in the nervous system, the subcellular ERK targets associated with learning-related plasticity, and how neurons with activated ERK signaling may contribute to the formation of the memory trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ojea Ramos
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Feld
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Rasmusson AM, Novikov O, Brown KD, Pinna G, Pineles SL. Pleiotropic endophenotypic and phenotype effects of GABAergic neurosteroid synthesis deficiency in posttraumatic stress disorder. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2022; 25:100359. [PMID: 36909842 PMCID: PMC10004350 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PTSD is associated with deficits in synthesis of progesterone metabolites such as allopregnanolone and pregnanolone that potently facilitate gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) effects at GABAA receptors. These neurosteroids modulate neuronal firing rate, regional brain connectivity, and activation of amygdala-mediated autonomic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and behavioral reactions to unconditioned and conditioned threat. They also play critical roles in learning and memory processes such as extinction and extinction retention and inhibit toll-like receptor activation of intracellular pro-inflammatory pathways. Deficient synthesis of these neurosteroids thus may contribute to individually variable PTSD clinical phenotypes encompassing symptom severity, capacity for PTSD recovery, and vulnerability to common PTSD-comorbidities such as major depression, chronic pain, alcohol and nicotine dependence, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, reproductive disorders, and autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Rasmusson
- VA National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Olga Novikov
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Boston University School of Medicine, Psychiatry Residency Program, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kayla D Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Behavioral Neurosciences Ph.D. Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Suzanne L Pineles
- VA National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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8
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Jeon J, Mony TJ, Cho E, Kwon H, Cho WS, Choi JW, Kim BC, Ryu JH, Jeon SJ, Kwon KJ, Shin CY, Park SJ, Kim DH. Role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in rubrofusarin-enhanced cognitive functions and neurite outgrowth. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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9
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Shrestha P, Klann E. Spatiotemporally resolved protein synthesis as a molecular framework for memory consolidation. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:297-311. [PMID: 35184897 PMCID: PMC8930706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
De novo protein synthesis is required for long-term memory consolidation. Dynamic regulation of protein synthesis occurs via a complex interplay of translation factors and modulators. Many components of the protein synthesis machinery have been targeted either pharmacologically or genetically to establish its requirement for memory. The combination of ligand/light-gating and genetic strategies, that is, chemogenetics and optogenetics, has begun to reveal the spatiotemporal resolution of protein synthesis in specific cell types during memory consolidation. This review summarizes current knowledge of the macroscopic and microscopic neural substrates for protein synthesis in memory consolidation. In addition, we highlight future directions for determining the localization and timing of de novo protein synthesis for memory consolidation with tools that permit unprecedented spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Shrestha
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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10
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Rasmusson AM, Pineles SL, Brown KD, Pinna G. A role for deficits in GABAergic neurosteroids and their metabolites with NMDA receptor antagonist activity in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13062. [PMID: 34962690 PMCID: PMC9233411 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Trauma-focused psychotherapies show general efficacy in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although outcomes vary substantially among individuals with PTSD and many patients do not achieve clinically meaningful symptom improvement. Several factors may contribute to poor treatment response, including genetic or environmental (e.g., stress) effects on neurobiological factors involved in learning and memory processes critical to PTSD recovery. In this review, we discuss the relationship between deficient GABAergic neurosteroid metabolites of progesterone, allopregnanolone (Allo) and pregnanolone (PA), and PTSD symptoms in men and women or PTSD-like behavioral abnormalities observed in male rodent models of PTSD. We also review the role and molecular underpinnings of learning and memory processes relevant to PTSD recovery, including extinction, extinction retention, reconsolidation of reactivated aversive memories and episodic non-aversive memory. We then discuss preclinical and clinical research that supports a role in these learning and memory processes for GABAergic neurosteroids and sulfated metabolites of Allo and PA that allosterically antagonize NMDA receptor function. Studies supporting the possible therapeutic impact of appropriately timed, acutely administered Allo or Allo analogs to facilitate extinction retention and/or block reconsolidation of aversive memories are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss important future directions for research in this area. Examining the varied and composite effects in PTSD of these metabolites of progesterone, as well as neuroactive derivatives of other parent steroids produced in the brain and the periphery, will likely enable a broadening of targets for treatment development. Defining contributions of these neuroactive steroids to common PTSD-comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions, as well as subpopulation-specific underlying dysfunctional physiological processes such as hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune system dysregulation, may also enable development of more effective multisystem precision medicines to prevent and treat the broader, polymorbid sequelae of extreme and chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Rasmusson
- VA National Center for PTSD, Women’s Health Science Division, Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA 02130, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118
| | - Suzanne L. Pineles
- VA National Center for PTSD, Women’s Health Science Division, Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA 02130, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118
| | - Kayla D. Brown
- Behavioral Neurosciences PhD Program, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, 02118, U.S.A
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, U.S.A
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11
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A Skate Skin Hydrolysate Restores Cognitive Function in 5XFAD Alzheimer Disease Mice Model by Suppressing Amyloid-β Accumulation via Upregulation of ERK-CREB. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Shang Y, Chen R, Li F, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhang T. Prenatal stress impairs memory function in the early development of male-offspring associated with the gaba function. Physiol Behav 2021; 228:113184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Xu J, Liu J, Li Q, Mi Y, Zhou D, Meng Q, Chen G, Li N, Hou Y. Pterostilbene Alleviates Aβ 1-42 -Induced Cognitive Dysfunction via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress by Activating Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000711. [PMID: 33280250 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE In the present study, effect of pterostilbene on β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42 ) induced cognitive impairment in mice is investigated and explored its possible mechanism of action. METHODS AND RESULTS The behavior results show that pterostilbene alleviated Aβ1-42 -induces cognitive dysfunction assessed using the Y-maze test, novel object recognition task, Morris water maze test, and passive avoidance test. Pterostilbene alleviates neuron loss and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in Aβ1-42 treated mouse brain. Additionally, pterostilbene promotes nuclear factor-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and enhance the transcription and expression of antioxidant genes such as heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase both in vivo and in vitro. Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 reverses the antioxidant function of pterostilbene in SH-SY5Y cells. Nrf2 is the master regulator of oxidative homeostasis and can be activated by substrate adaptor sequestosome-1 (also named p62). Pterostilbene promotes the binding of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 and p62, which enhanced activation of Nrf2. CONCLUSION The present study reports that pterostilbene alleviated Aβ1-42 -induces cognitive dysfunction in mice. The mechanism of pterostilbene can be associated to the inhibition of oxidative stress through the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.,Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.,Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yan Mi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qingqi Meng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.,Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110819, China
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14
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Diazepam and SL-327 synergistically attenuate anxiety-like behaviours in mice - Possible hippocampal MAPKs specificity. Neuropharmacology 2020; 180:108302. [PMID: 32931814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular signalling pathways have been extensively studied as therapeutic targets for the treatment of mental diseases. Our attention has been caught by two kinases potentially involved in anxiety, ERK1/2 and CaMKII. The study aimed to examine changes in the activation of ERK1/2 and CaMKII concerning anxiolytic-like behaviours in mice. To evaluate anxiety-related response in mice, we used the open field test and the elevated plus maze test. Behavioural studies were complemented with the immunoblotting analysis to identify proteins of interest in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. We analysed the phosphorylation status of ERK1/2 and CaMKII in mice treated with a well-known anxiolytic drug - diazepam. Next, the blockade of ERK1/2 pathway by SL-327, a selective MEK1/2 inhibitor, was checked for anxiolytic action. Finally, the co-administration of subeffective doses of diazepam and SL-327 was investigated for a potential synergistic anxiolytic effect. Anxiolytic effects of acute diazepam are accompanied by decreased p-ERK1/2 and upregulation of p-CaMKII. Subchronic treatment with SL-327 leads to the manifestation of anxiolytic-like behaviours and changes in the phosphorylation status of both kinases in a diazepam-like manner. Co-administration of subeffective doses of SL-327 and diazepam induces anxiolysis, which is CaMKII-independent and correlates to selectively decreased phosphoactive ERK1/2 in the hippocampus. The MEK-ERK pathway is significantly involved in anxiolytic action of diazepam and its prolonged inhibition produces anxiolytic-like phenotype in mice. ERK inhibition could be used to manage anxiety symptoms in a benzodiazepine-sparing regimen for treatment of anxiety.
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Shang Y, Yan Y, Chen B, Zhang J, Zhang T. Over-expressed MST1 impaired spatial memory via disturbing neural oscillation patterns in mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12678. [PMID: 32468668 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The activated mammalian Ste20-like serine/threonine kinases 1 (MST1) was found in the central nervous system diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, stroke and ALS, which were related with cognitions. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of elevated MST1 on memory functions in C57BL/6J mice. We also explored the underlying mechanism about the pattern alteration of neural oscillations, closely associated with cognitive dysfunctions, at different physiological rhythms, which were related to a wide range of basic and higher-level cognitive activities. A mouse model of the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of MST1 was established. The behavioral experiments showed that spatial memory was significantly damaged in MST1 mice. The distribution of either theta or gamma power was clearly disturbed in MST1 animals. Moreover, the synchronization in both theta and gamma rhythms, and theta-gamma cross-frequency coupling were significantly weakened in MST1 mice. In addition, the expressions of GABAA receptor, GAD67 and parvalbumin (PV) were obviously increased in MST1 mice. Meanwhile, blocking MST1 activity could inhibit the activation of FOXO3a and YAP. The above data suggest that MST1-overexpression may induce memory impairments via disturbing the patterns of neural activities, which is possibly associated with the abnormal GABAergic expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Shang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxing Yan
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- School of Computer Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Deepa P, Bae HJ, Park HB, Kim SY, Choi JW, Kim DH, Liu XQ, Ryu JH, Park SJ. Dracocephalum moldavica attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment through activation of hippocampal ERK-CREB signaling in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112651. [PMID: 32035879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dracocephalum moldavica (Moldavian balm) has been traditionally used for the treatment of intellectual disabilities, migraines and cardiovascular problems in East Asia. Recent scientific studies have demonstrated the usefulness of this plant to treat neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effects of the ethanolic extract of D. moldavica leaves (EEDM) on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice and the underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The behavioral effects of EEDM were examined using the step-through passive avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we tested whether EEDM affects acetylcholinesterase activity and the expression of memory-related signaling molecules including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus. RESULTS EEDM (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated the scopolamine-induced step-through latency reduction in the passive avoidance task in mice. In the Morris water maze task, EEDM (50 mg/kg) significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Furthermore, the administration of EEDM increased the phosphorylation levels of ERK and CREB in the hippocampus but did not alter acetylcholinesterase activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that EEDM significantly attenuates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and may be a promising therapeutic agent for improving memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Bae Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiang-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Liu XY, Yao B, Hao JR, Jin L, Gao Y, Yang X, Liu L, Sun XY, Sun N, Gao C. IQGAP1/ERK regulates fear memory formation via histone posttranslational modifications induced by HDAC2. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 171:107210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bae HJ, Kim J, Kim J, Goo N, Cai M, Cho K, Jung SY, Kwon H, Kim DH, Jang DS, Ryu JH. The effect of maslinic acid on cognitive dysfunction induced by cholinergic blockade in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3197-3209. [PMID: 32133639 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent disease associated with cognitive dysfunction. Current AD therapeutic agents have several gastrointestinal or psychological adverse effects and therefore, novel therapeutic agents with fewer adverse effects must be developed. Previously, we demonstrated that oleanolic acid, which is similar in chemical structure to maslinic acid, ameliorates cognitive impairment through the activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TrkB)-ERK-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the present study, we investigate the effect of maslinic acid on cholinergic blockade-induced memory impairment in mice. METHODS AND KEY RESULTS Maslinic acid reversed scopolamine-induced memory impairment, as determined by the Y-maze, passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests. In addition, we also observed that ERK-CREB, PI3K and PKB (Akt) phosphorylation levels were increased by maslinic acid administration in the mouse hippocampus. Moreover, we determined that the effects of maslinic acid on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance test were abolished by a specific TrkB receptor antagonist (ANA-12). Additionally, we observed similar temporal changes in the expression levels between BDNF and tissue plasminogen activator in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that maslinic acid enhances cognitive function through the activation of BDNF and its downstream pathway signalling in the hippocampus and that it might be a potential therapeutic agent for cognitive decline, such as that observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Goo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudan Cai
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungnam Cho
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiyoung Kwon
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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The effect of cinnamaldehyde on passive avoidance memory and hippocampal Akt, ERK and GSK-3β in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Maejima H, Ninuma S, Okuda A, Inoue T, Hayashi M. Exercise and low-level GABAA receptor inhibition modulate locomotor activity and the expression of BDNF accompanied by changes in epigenetic regulation in the hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2018; 685:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Reciprocal changes in noradrenaline and GABA levels in discrete brain regions upon rapid eye movement sleep deprivation in rats. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:190-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Izadpanah F, Arab F, Zarghami A, Bijani A, Kazemi S, Moghadamnia AA. The effect of lamotrigine on learning in mice using the passive avoidance model. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 69:1-6. [PMID: 28213162 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lamotrigine (LTG) is an antiepileptic drug that inhibits the release of glutamate by blocking sodium channels. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of LTG in different stages of memory using a passive avoidance learning task in mice. METHODS Male albino mice in the weight range 20-25g were used. They were divided into four groups (control group and three groups receiving various doses of LTG). LTG was given in three doses of 10, 25, and 50mg/kg as intraperitoneal (IP) injections. The doses of LTG were used in three injection groups: before acquisition, after consolidation, and before retrieval at 24h. The retention latency times in each group were recorded using a step-through passive avoidance task 24h and one week after consolidation. RESULTS Retention latency in the group receiving a high dose of LTG (25mg/kg) after one week was significantly increased in comparison to the group receiving a low dose of LTG (10mg/kg) (267±49.96 vs. 198.87±57.22, P=0.015). With injection of LTG after consolidation, the retention latency times were increased in all doses after a one-week retrieval compared to the control (P=0.023). Kaplan-Mayer surveillance analysis also showed significant differences in the latencies of the LTG-receiving group after 24h and one week's retrieval (P=0.041). Administration of LTG before retrieval at 24h showed a significant difference in retention latency time, which was increased for two doses of LTG (10 and 50mg/kg) after one week (203.5±63.67 vs. 270.25±19.78, P=0.024). CONCLUSION LTG at higher doses may facilitate the learning process in mice and appears to improve memory function at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Izadpanah
- Department of Pharmacology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Arab
- Department of Pharmacology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Amin Zarghami
- Department of Pharmacology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Jo SY, Jung IH, Yi JH, Choi TJ, Lee S, Jung JW, Yun J, Lee YC, Ryu JH, Kim DH. Ethanol extract of the seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa potentiates hippocampal synaptic transmission through mitogen-activated protein kinase, adenylyl cyclase, and protein kinase A pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 200:16-21. [PMID: 28167293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As the seed of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F. Chow (Rhamnaceae) has been used to sleep disturbances in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine, many previous studies have focused on its sedative effect. AIM OF THE STUDY Recently, we reported the neuroprotective effect of the effect of Z. jujuba var. spinosa. However, its effects on synaptic function have not yet been studied. In this project, we examined the action of ethanol extract of the seed of Z. jujuba var. spinosa (DHP1401) on synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the effects of DHP1401, field recordings were conducted using hippocampal slices (400µm). Object recognition test was introduced to examine whether DHP1401 affect normal recognition memory. RESULTS DHP1401 (50μg/ml) induced a significant increase in synaptic activity in Shaffer collateral pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. This increase of synaptic responses was blocked by NBQX, a broad spectrum α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist, but not IEM-1460, a Ca2+-permeable AMPAR blocker. Moreover, U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, SQ22536, an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, and PKI, a protein kinase A inhibitor, blocked DHP1401-induced increase in synaptic transmission. Finally, DHP1401 facilitated object recognition memory. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DHP1401 increase synaptic transmission through increase of synaptic AMPAR transmission via MAPK, AC and PAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Jo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Ho Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee Hyun Yi
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Tae Joon Choi
- Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Science, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Wook Jung
- Department of Herbal Medicinal Pharmacology, College of Herbal Bio-industry, Daegu Haany University, Kyungsan 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 607-714, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Choon Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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Takahashi K, Maejima H, Ikuta G, Mani H, Asaka T. Exercise combined with low-level GABAA receptor inhibition up-regulates the expression of neurotrophins in the motor cortex. Neurosci Lett 2017; 636:101-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jeon SJ, Park HJ, Gao Q, Pena IJD, Park SJ, Lee HE, Woo H, Kim HJ, Cheong JH, Hong E, Ryu JH. Ursolic acid enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors via GABAergic neurotransmission in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:443-8. [PMID: 26102564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris is widely used as a herbal medicine for cancers, inflammatory diseases, and other infections. Although it has long been used, few studies have examined its effects on central nervous system function. Here, we first observed that ethanolic extracts of P. vulgaris (EEPV) prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleep duration in mice. It is known that EEPV consists of many active components including triterpenoid (ursolic acid and oleanolic acid), which have many biological activities. Therefore, we evaluated which EEPV components induced sleep extension in pentobarbital-mediated sleeping model in mice. Surprisingly, despite their structural similarity and other common functions such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and tissue protection, only ursolic acid enhanced sleep duration in pentobarbital-treated mice. These results were attenuated by bicuculline treatment, which is a GABAA receptor antagonist. The present results suggest that ursolic acid from P. vulgaris enhances sleep duration through GABAA receptor activation and could be a therapeutic candidate for insomnia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Park
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingtao Gao
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Irene Joy Dela Pena
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Hong
- Natraceutical & Functional Foods Center, CJ Foods R&D, Seoul 152-051, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Kyunghee-daero 26, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Jeon SJ, Park HJ, Gao Q, Lee HE, Park SJ, Hong E, Jang DS, Shin CY, Cheong JH, Ryu JH. Positive effects of β-amyrin on pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice via GABAergic neurotransmitter system. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:232-236. [PMID: 26026786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sleep loss, insomnia, is considered a sign of imbalance of physiological rhythm, which can be used as pre-clinic diagnosis of various neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study is to understand the pharmacological actions of α- or β-amyrin, natural triterpene compound, on the sleep in mice. To analyze the sleeping behavior, we used the well-known pentobarbital-induced sleeping model after single administration of either α- or β-amyrin. The sleeping onset time was remarkably decreased and duration was prolonged by β-amyrin (1, 3, or 10mg/kg) but not by α-amyrin (1, 3, or 10mg/kg). These effects were significantly blocked by GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline. Moreover, β-amyrin increased brain GABA level compared to the vehicle administration. Overall, the present study suggests that β-amyrin would enhance the total sleeping behavior in pentobarbital-induced sleeping model via the activation of GABAergic neurotransmitter system through GABA content in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jae Park
- Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingtao Gao
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Hong
- Natraceutical & Functional Foods Center, CJ Foods R&D, Seoul 152-051, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and KU open innovation center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Yoon DH, Yoon S, Kim D, Kim H, Baik JH. Regulation of dopamine D2 receptor-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling and spine formation by GABAA receptors in hippocampal neurons. Neurosci Lett 2014; 586:24-30. [PMID: 25483619 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) signaling via DA receptors is known to control hippocampal activity that contributes to learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. In primary hippocampal neuronal culture, we observed that dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) co-localized with certain subtypes of GABAA receptors, namely α1, β3, and γ2 subunits, as revealed by double immunofluorocytochemical analysis. Treatment with the D2R agonist, quinpirole, was shown to elicit an increase in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in hippocampal neurons. This phosphorylation was inhibited by pretreatment with the GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol. Furthermore, treatment of hippocampal neurons with quinpirole increased the dendritic spine density and this regulation was totally blocked by pretreatment with a MAP kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor (PD98059), D2R antagonist (haloperidol), or by the GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol. These results suggest that D2R-mediated ERK phosphorylation can control spine formation and that the GABAA receptor negatively regulates the D2R-induced spine formation through ERK signaling in hippocampal neurons, thus indicating a potential role of D2R in the control of hippocampal neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Yoon
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Sehyoun Yoon
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Brain Korea 21, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Baik
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea.
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Zhang Y, Qiao L, Song M, Wang L, Xie J, Feng H. Hplc-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the water-soluble extract from Ziziphi spinosae semen and its ameliorating effect of learning and memory performance in mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:509-16. [PMID: 25422554 PMCID: PMC4239731 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.141777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow., is a traditional herb for insomnia and anxiety in eastern Asia. However, few researches have been concerned with its effect on ameliorating memory and learning performance. Objective: To investigate the constituents of ZSS water soluble extract and its ameliorating learning and memory in mice. Materials and Methods: A new high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine the main constituents in the extract. The effect of ZSS water soluble extract on memory and learning performance was investigated in mice by Y-maze and passive avoidance test. Results: The extract could significantly decrease the number of errors (NOE), and increase the transfer latency time (TLT) and electrical stimuli time (EST). In addition, spinosin, jujuboside A (JuA) and jujuboside B (JuB) were simultaneously identified and quantified in the extract. Their contents in the extract were as followed: Spinosin (223.51mg/g), JuA (63.76mg/g) and JuB (26.29mg/g). Conclusion: The extract played a promising role in ameliorating memory in mice with alcohol induced memory retrieval disorders, and might help to improve learning capacity to some extent. Spinosin, JuA and JuB were the predominant constituents, which might be mainly responsible for the definite activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Egineering, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Longdong Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Egineering, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Egineering, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Egineering, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Egineering, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China ; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Egineering, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, People's Republic of China
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α2 GABAA receptor sub-units in the ventral hippocampus and α5 GABAA receptor sub-units in the dorsal hippocampus mediate anxiety and fear memory. Neuroscience 2013; 252:169-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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D'Amico AG, Scuderi S, Leggio GM, Castorina A, Drago F, D'Agata V. Increased hippocampal CREB phosphorylation in dopamine D3 receptor knockout mice following passive avoidance conditioning. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2516-23. [PMID: 24100927 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D3 receptors (D3Rs) are implicated in synaptic plasticity and memory processes. Previously we have shown that D3Rs mediate inhibitory effects on learning, since D3R knockout (D 3 (-/-) ) mice display enhanced performance in the passive avoidance task (PA). Formation of new memories is known to require de novo synthesis of proteins related to synaptic function through the activation of signaling pathways including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and activation of the nuclear transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). However, there are no clear indications regarding the specific involvement of D3Rs in the activation of these signaling cascades after acquisition of PA. Therefore, in this study we assessed whether phosphorylation levels of several MAPKs, Akt and CREB were differentially affected by PA in both wild-type (WT) and D 3 (-/-) mice hippocampi. Animals were divided in Naïve, unconditioned stimulus trained, conditioned stimulus trained and conditioned animals. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, as well as of Akt and CREB were determined. Acquisition of PA significantly increased pCREB levels both in WT and D 3 (-/-) mice. The extent of PA-driven increase in pCREB levels was significantly higher in mice lacking D3Rs. Similarly, pERK 1/2 was further augmented in trained D 3 (-/-) mice as compared to trained WTs, whereas JNK and p38 phosphorylation was not affected neither by PA nor by genetic background. Finally, Akt activation was observed in D 3 (-/-) mice, but not in response to PA. In conclusion, these data supports the notion that D3Rs might modulate CREB phosphorylation after acquisition of PA, probably via activation of ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Grazia D'Amico
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
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Glucocorticoid-induced enhancement of contextual fear memory consolidation in rats: Involvement of D1 receptor activity of hippocampal area CA1. Brain Res 2013; 1524:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Yang MT, Chien WL, Lu DH, Liou HC, Fu WM. Acetazolamide impairs fear memory consolidation in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2012; 67:412-8. [PMID: 23231808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Acetazolamide (AZ) is an carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, which has been used in the treatment of seizures, mountain sickness and glaucoma. Memory impairment by AZ has been reported in patient interviews; however, the related mechanism is unclear. We applied two fear conditioning paradigms, shuttle avoidance and passive avoidance, in both rats and mice to investigate this clinical anecdote. Adult Wistar rats receiving AZ 1 h before the shuttle avoidance test showed decreased avoidance rates, especially at high dosage. Adult ICR mice receiving AZ both before and after acquisition trials showed the decreased step-through latencies during the passive avoidance test. This impairment of fear memory was corroborated with decreased LTP by AZ in the amygdala. AZ only inhibited fear conditioning-induced ERK phosphorylation and had no effect on Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, our study confirmed the adverse cognitive effect of AZ in animal and electrophysiological studies. In clinical practice, clinicians should be aware of this side effect in patients taking AZ. In addition, this inhibition of fear memory by AZ could potentially be applied to patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tao Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Section 2, Nanya South Road, Banciao District, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
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