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Gómez-Canela C, Esquius F, Barata C. The role of serotonergic signaling on phototactic and locomotor behavior in Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159042. [PMID: 36174704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The role of serotonin in Daphnia magna phototactic and locomotor behavior was assessed using reverse genetics and pharmacological treatments with serotonin and fluoxetine. The study was conducted with four clones: the wild type clone and three CRISPR D. magna ones with mutations in the tryptophan hydrolase gene (TRH) that is involved in serotonin synthesis. These included clones TRHA- and TRHB- with mutations in both alleles that lack serotonin and the mono-allelic mutant TRH+, that has serotonin. Obtained results indicated that animals lacking serotonin showed an increased negative phototactism and locomotor activity upon light stimuli and a reduced response to fish kairomones relative to the wild type and TRH+ individuals. Exposure to exogenous serotonin re-established the phototactism and locomotor activity of TRH- individuals to those of the wild type but did not affect phototactic responses to fish kairomones. Unexpectedly, fluoxetine was able to modify locomotor activity and phototactic behavior against fish kairomones in TRH- individuals lacking serotonin, and also it increased the concentrations of acethylcholine and GABA in exposed animals, which support the argument that fluoxetine may also affect other neurological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Esquius
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08017 Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Luduvico KP, Spohr L, de Aguiar MSS, Teixeira FC, Bona NP, de Mello JE, Spanevello RM, Stefanello FM. LPS-induced impairment of Na +/K +-ATPase activity: ameliorative effect of tannic acid in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2133-2140. [PMID: 35759073 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter that modulates synaptic plasticity and communication, and it is essential for learning and memory processes. This neurotransmitter is hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which plays other cellular roles in processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Ion pumps, such as Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, are highly expressed channels that derive energy for their functions from ATP hydrolysis. Impairment of the cholinergic system and ion pumps is associated with neuropsychiatric diseases. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an example of a complex disease with high morbidity and a heterogenous etiology. Polyphenols have been investigated for their therapeutic effects, and tannic acid (TA) has been reported to show neuroprotective and antidepressant-like activities. Animal models of depression-like behavior, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced models of depression, are useful for investigating the pathophysiology of MDD. In this context, effects of TA were evaluated in an LPS-induced mouse model of depression-like behavior. Animals received TA for 7 days, and on the last day of treatment, LPS (830 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. In vitro exposure of healthy brain to TA decreased the AChE activity. Additionally, this enzyme activity was decreased in cerebral cortex of LPS-treated mice. LPS injection increased the activity of Ca2+-ATPase in the cerebral cortex but decreased the enzyme activity in the hippocampus. LPS administration decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum; however, TA administration prevented these changes. In conclusion, tannins may affect Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities, which is interesting in the context of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pereira Luduvico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Spohr
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Soares de Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Eisenhardt de Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS, CEP: 96010-900, Brazil.
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3
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Nunes EJ, Kebede N, Bagdas D, Addy NA. Cholinergic and dopaminergic-mediated motivated behavior in healthy states and in substance use and mood disorders. J Exp Anal Behav 2022; 117:404-419. [PMID: 35286712 PMCID: PMC9743782 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is an important neuromodulator of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, which itself is a mediator of motivated behavior. Motivated behavior can be described by two primary components, termed directional and activational motivation, both of which can be examined and dissociated using effort-choice tasks. The directional component refers to motivated behavior directed towards reinforcing stimuli and away from aversive stimuli. Behaviors characterized by increased vigor, persistence, and work output are considered to reflect activational components of motivation. Disruption of DA signaling has been shown to decrease activational components of motivation, while leaving directional features intact. Facilitation of DA release promotes the activational aspects of motivated behavior. In this review, we discuss cholinergic and DA regulation of motivated behaviors. We place emphasis on effort-choice processes and the ability of effort-choice tasks to examine and dissociate changes of motivated behavior in the context of substance use and mood disorders. Furthermore, we consider how altered cholinergic transmission impacts motivated behavior across disease states, and the possible role of cholinergic dysregulation in the etiology of these illnesses. Finally, we suggest that treatments targeting cholinergic activity may be useful in ameliorating motivational disruptions associated with substance use and comorbid substance use and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine,Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Nardos Kebede
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine,Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Deniz Bagdas
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine,Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Nii A. Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine,Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale School of Medicine,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University,Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University
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4
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Mavanji V, Pomonis B, Kotz CM. Orexin, serotonin, and energy balance. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1536. [PMID: 35023323 PMCID: PMC9286346 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus is critical for the control of ingestive behavior and spontaneous physical activity (SPA), as lesion or stimulation of this region alters these behaviors. Evidence points to lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons as modulators of feeding and SPA. These neurons affect a broad range of systems, and project to multiple brain regions such as the dorsal raphe nucleus, which contains serotoninergic neurons (DRN) important to energy homeostasis. Physical activity is comprised of intentional exercise and SPA. These are opposite ends of a continuum of physical activity intensity and structure. Non‐goal‐oriented behaviors, such as fidgeting, standing, and ambulating, constitute SPA in humans, and reflect a propensity for activity separate from intentional activity, such as high‐intensity voluntary exercise. In animals, SPA is activity not influenced by rewards such as food or a running wheel. Spontaneous physical activity in humans and animals burns calories and could theoretically be manipulated pharmacologically to expend calories and protect against obesity. The DRN neurons receive orexin inputs, and project heavily onto cortical and subcortical areas involved in movement, feeding and energy expenditure (EE). This review discusses the function of hypothalamic orexin in energy‐homeostasis, the interaction with DRN serotonin neurons, and the role of this orexin‐serotonin axis in regulating food intake, SPA, and EE. In addition, we discuss possible brain areas involved in orexin–serotonin cross‐talk; the role of serotonin receptors, transporters and uptake‐inhibitors in the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity; animal models of obesity with impaired serotonin‐function; single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin system and obesity; and future directions in the orexin–serotonin field. This article is categorized under:Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Mavanji
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brianna Pomonis
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Catherine M Kotz
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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5
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Integrative multi-omics landscape of fluoxetine action across 27 brain regions reveals global increase in energy metabolism and region-specific chromatin remodelling. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4510-4525. [PMID: 36056172 PMCID: PMC9734063 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are major global health burdens. Although SSRIs targeting the serotonergic system are prescribed over 200 million times annually, they have variable therapeutic efficacy and side effects, and mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. Here, we comprehensively characterise the molecular landscape of gene regulatory changes associated with fluoxetine, a widely-used SSRI. We performed multimodal analysis of SSRI response in 27 mammalian brain regions using 310 bulk RNA-seq and H3K27ac ChIP-seq datasets, followed by in-depth characterisation of two hippocampal regions using single-cell RNA-seq (20 datasets). Remarkably, fluoxetine induced profound region-specific shifts in gene expression and chromatin state, including in the nucleus accumbens shell, locus coeruleus and septal areas, as well as in more well-studied regions such as the raphe and hippocampal dentate gyrus. Expression changes were strongly enriched at GWAS loci for depression and antidepressant drug response, stressing the relevance to human phenotypes. We observed differential expression at dozens of signalling receptors and pathways, many of which are previously unknown. Single-cell analysis revealed stark differences in fluoxetine response between the dorsal and ventral hippocampal dentate gyri, particularly in oligodendrocytes, mossy cells and inhibitory neurons. Across diverse brain regions, integrative omics analysis consistently suggested increased energy metabolism via oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial changes, which we corroborated in vitro; this may thus constitute a shared mechanism of action of fluoxetine. Similarly, we observed pervasive chromatin remodelling signatures across the brain. Our study reveals unexpected regional and cell type-specific heterogeneity in SSRI action, highlights under-studied brain regions that may play a major role in antidepressant response, and provides a rich resource of candidate cell types, genes, gene regulatory elements and pathways for mechanistic analysis and identifying new therapeutic targets for depression and anxiety.
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6
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Walczak-Nowicka ŁJ, Herbet M. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9290. [PMID: 34502198 PMCID: PMC8430571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by influencing the inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress and aggregation of pathological proteins. There is a search for new compounds that can prevent the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases and slow down their course. The aim of this review is to present the role of AChE in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this review aims to reveal the benefits of using AChE inhibitors to treat these diseases. The selected new AChE inhibitors were also assessed in terms of their potential use in the described disease entities. Designing and searching for new drugs targeting AChE may in the future allow the discovery of therapies that will be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8bStreet, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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7
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Mitić M, Lazarević-Pašti T. Does the application of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease lead to depression? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:841-856. [PMID: 33999717 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1931681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease and depression are health conditions affecting millions of people around the world. Both are strongly related to the level of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Since cholinergic deficit is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are applied as relevant drugs for the treatment of this disease, elevating the level of acetylcholine. On the other hand, a high level of acetylcholine is found to be associated with the symptoms of clinical depression.Areas covered: This article aims to discuss if acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used as anti-Alzheimer's drugs could be the cause of the symptoms of clinical depression often linked to this neurological disorder. Emphasis will be put on drugs currently in use and on newly investigated natural products, which can inhibit AChE activity.Expert opinion: Currently, it is not proven that the patient treated for Alzheimer's disease is prone to increased risk for depression due to the acetylcholinesterase inhibition, but there are strong indications. The level of acetylcholine is not the only factor in highly complicated diseases like AD and depression. Still, it needs to be considered isolated, keeping in mind the nature of presently available therapy, especially during a rational drug design process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Mitić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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8
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Boyaci E, Lendor S, Bojko B, Reyes-Garcés N, Gómez-Ríos GA, Olkowicz M, Diwan M, Palmer M, Hamani C, Pawliszyn J. Comprehensive Investigation of Metabolic Changes Occurring in the Rat Brain Hippocampus after Fluoxetine Administration Using Two Complementary In Vivo Techniques: Solid Phase Microextraction and Microdialysis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3749-3760. [PMID: 33125227 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine is among the most prescribed antidepressant drugs worldwide. Nevertheless, limited information is known about its definitive mechanism. Although in vivo examinations performed directly in related brain structures can provide more realistic, and therefore more insightful, knowledge regarding the mechanisms and efficacy of this drug, only a few techniques are applicable for in vivo monitoring of metabolic alterations in the brain following an inducement. Among them, solid phase microextraction (SPME) and microdialysis (MD) have emerged as ideal in vivo tools for extraction of information from biosystems. In this investigation, we scrutinized the capabilities of SPME and MD to detect ongoing changes in the brain following acute fluoxetine administration. Sequential in vivo samples were collected simultaneously from male rats' hippocampi using SPME and MD before drug administration in order to establish a baseline; then samples were collected again following fluoxetine administration for an investigation of small molecule alterations. Our results indicate that MD provides more comprehensive information for polar compounds, while SPME provides superior information with respect to lipids and other medium level polar molecules. Interestingly, in the lipidomic investigation, all dysregulated features were found to be membrane lipids and associated compounds. Moreover, in the metabolomic investigations, dysregulation of hippocampal metabolite levels associated with fatty acid transportation and purine metabolisms were among the most notable findings. Overall, our evaluation of the obtained data corroborates that, when used in tandem, SPME and MD are capable of providing comprehensive information regarding the effect of fluoxetine in targeted brain structures and further elucidating this drug's mechanisms of action in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezel Boyaci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Sofia Lendor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nathaly Reyes-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Germán Augusto Gómez-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mustansir Diwan
- Neuroimaging Research Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Michael Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Neuroimaging Research Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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9
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Huang YJ, Hsu NY, Lu KH, Lin YE, Lin SH, Lu YS, Liu WT, Chen MH, Sheen LY. Poria cocos water extract ameliorates the behavioral deficits induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress in rats by down-regulating inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112566. [PMID: 31926986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Poria cocos is a medicinal mushroom of the Polyporaceae family with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which has been used for its sedative, diuretic and tonic effects in traditional medicine for several hundred years. AIM OF STUDY Considering that depression is an inflammatory related mental disease, this study investigated the antidepressant-like effects of water extract of P. cocos in a rodent animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats that were exposed to a forced swimming test (FST) for 28 consecutive days, and unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) for five weeks underwent treatment with P. cocos water extract (PCW) (doses: 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg body weight [bw]; administered by gavage). Dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites in the frontal cortex of rats were measured. RESULTS Our results firstly showed that sucrose preference during the UCMS paradigm was increased and immobility time in the FST was reduced with administration of PCW. In addition, PCW significantly attenuated UCMS-induced turnover rate of DA and 5-HT in the frontal cortex. Moreover, PCW inhibited UCMS-induced activated inflammatory response, reflected by reduced expression in the frontal cortex of p38, NF-κB and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly suggest that PCW exhibits a potent antidepressant-like effect via regulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission and inactivation of inflammation, and that P. cocos may be considered as a traditional herbal potential medicine for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ju Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Yuan Hsu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-En Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hang Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Sheng Lu
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Liu
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsing Chen
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Schumacher A, Haegele M, Spyth J, Moser A. Electrical high frequency stimulation of the nucleus accumbens shell does not modulate depressive-like behavior in rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 378:112277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Falk S, Lund C, Clemmensen C. Muscarinic receptors in energy homeostasis: Physiology and pharmacology. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126 Suppl 6:66-76. [PMID: 31464050 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite increased awareness and intensified biomedical research efforts, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide. This is alarming, because obesity accelerates the progression of several chronic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. Individuals who experience significant weight loss must combat powerful counter-regulatory energy homeostatic processes, and, typically, most individuals regain the lost weight. Therefore, decoding the neural mechanisms underlying the regulation of energy homeostasis is necessary for developing breakthroughs in obesity management. It has been known for decades that cholinergic neurotransmission both directly and indirectly modulates energy homeostasis and metabolic health. Despite this insight, the molecular details underlying the modulation remain ill-defined, and the potential for targeting cholinergic muscarinic receptors for treating metabolic disease is largely uncharted. In this MiniReview, we scrutinize the literature that has formed our knowledge of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in energy homeostasis. The role of mAChRs in canonical appetite-regulating circuits will be discussed as will the more indirect regulation of energy homoeostasis via neurocircuits linked to motivated behaviours and emotional states. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic prospects of targeting mAChRs for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Falk
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Lund
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Yabut JM, Crane JD, Green AE, Keating DJ, Khan WI, Steinberg GR. Emerging Roles for Serotonin in Regulating Metabolism: New Implications for an Ancient Molecule. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1092-1107. [PMID: 30901029 PMCID: PMC6624793 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin is a phylogenetically ancient biogenic amine that has played an integral role in maintaining energy homeostasis for billions of years. In mammals, serotonin produced within the central nervous system regulates behavior, suppresses appetite, and promotes energy expenditure by increasing sympathetic drive to brown adipose tissue. In addition to these central circuits, emerging evidence also suggests an important role for peripheral serotonin as a factor that enhances nutrient absorption and storage. Specifically, glucose and fatty acids stimulate the release of serotonin from the duodenum, promoting gut peristalsis and nutrient absorption. Serotonin also enters the bloodstream and interacts with multiple organs, priming the body for energy storage by promoting insulin secretion and de novo lipogenesis in the liver and white adipose tissue, while reducing lipolysis and the metabolic activity of brown and beige adipose tissue. Collectively, peripheral serotonin acts as an endocrine factor to promote the efficient storage of energy by upregulating lipid anabolism. Pharmacological inhibition of serotonin synthesis or signaling in key metabolic tissues are potential drug targets for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Yabut
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin D Crane
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander E Green
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damien J Keating
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Dulawa SC, Janowsky DS. Cholinergic regulation of mood: from basic and clinical studies to emerging therapeutics. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:694-709. [PMID: 30120418 PMCID: PMC7192315 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders are highly prevalent and are the leading cause of disability worldwide. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying depression remain poorly understood, although theories regarding dysfunction within various neurotransmitter systems have been postulated. Over 50 years ago, clinical studies suggested that increases in central acetylcholine could lead to depressed mood. Evidence has continued to accumulate suggesting that the cholinergic system has a important role in mood regulation. In particular, the finding that the antimuscarinic agent, scopolamine, exerts fast-onset and sustained antidepressant effects in depressed humans has led to a renewal of interest in the cholinergic system as an important player in the neurochemistry of major depression and bipolar disorder. Here, we synthesize current knowledge regarding the modulation of mood by the central cholinergic system, drawing upon studies from human postmortem brain, neuroimaging, and drug challenge investigations, as well as animal model studies. First, we describe an illustrative series of early discoveries which suggest a role for acetylcholine in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Then, we discuss more recent studies conducted in humans and/or animals which have identified roles for both acetylcholinergic muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in different mood states, and as targets for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C. Dulawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego,Corresponding author: Stephanie Dulawa, Ph.D., Associate Professor in Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mailcode 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804, USA ()
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14
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Mu P, Huang YH. Cholinergic system in sleep regulation of emotion and motivation. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:113-118. [PMID: 30894329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sleep profoundly regulates our emotional and motivational state of mind. Human brain imaging and animal model studies are providing initial insights on the underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we focus on the brain cholinergic system, including cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, ventral striatum, habenula, and brain stem. Although much is learned about cholinergic regulations of emotion and motivation, less is known on their interactions with sleep. Specifically, we present an anatomical framework that highlights cholinergic signaling in the integrated reward-arousal/sleep circuitry, and identify the knowledge gaps on the potential roles of cholinergic system in sleep-mediated regulation of emotion and motivation. Sleep impacts every aspect of brain functions. It not only restores cognitive control, but also retunes emotional and motivational regulation [1]. Sleep disturbance is a comorbidity and sometimes a predicting factor for various psychiatric diseases including major depressive disorder, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and drug addiction [2-9]. Although it is well recognized that sleep prominently shapes emotional and motivational regulation, the underlying neural mechanisms remain elusive. The brain cholinergic system is essential for a diverse variety of functions including cognition, learning and memory, sensory and motor processing, sleep and arousal, reward processing, and emotion regulation [10-14]. Although cholinergic functions in cognition, learning and memory, motor control, and sleep and arousal have been well established, its interaction with sleep in regulating emotion and motivation has not been extensively studied. Here we review current evidence on sleep-mediated regulation of emotion and motivation, and reveal knowledge gaps on potential contributions from the cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, 186 Hongqi Middle Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China.
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15219, PA, United States.
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15
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Antidepressant effect of helicid in chronic unpredictable mild stress model in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 67:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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16
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Reduced Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter favors antidepressant behaviors and modulates serotonin and dopamine in female mouse brain. Behav Brain Res 2017; 330:127-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Zhou M, Wang M, Wang X, Liu K, Wan Y, Li M, Liu L, Zhang C. Abnormal Expression of MicroRNAs Induced by Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Rat Hippocampal Tissues. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:917-935. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Diepenbroek C, Rijnsburger M, Eggels L, van Megen K, Ackermans M, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A, Serlie M, la Fleur S. Infusion of fluoxetine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in the shell region of the nucleus accumbens increases blood glucose concentrations in rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 637:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Affective disorders such as anxiety, phobia and depression are a leading cause of disabilities worldwide. Monoamine neuromodulators are used to treat most of them, with variable degrees of efficacy. Here, we review and interpret experimental findings about the relation of neuromodulation and emotional feelings, in pursuit of two goals: (a) to improve the conceptualisation of affective/emotional states, and (b) to develop a descriptive model of basic emotional feelings related to the actions of neuromodulators. In this model, we hypothesize that specific neuromodulators are effective for basic emotions. The model can be helpful for mental health professionals to better understand the affective dynamics of persons and the actions of neuromodulators - and respective psychoactive drugs - on this dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushun Wang
- Professor of Psychology, Director of the Institute of Emotional Psychology, Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Qixia district, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China 210023. E-mail:
| | - Alfredo Pereira
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Rubião Jr, 18618-970 - Botucatu - São Paulo - Brasil
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20
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Effects of Electroacupuncture on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Rats Depression-Like Behavior and Expression of p-ERK/ERK and p-P38/P38. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:650729. [PMID: 26366182 PMCID: PMC4558448 DOI: 10.1155/2015/650729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the antidepressant-like effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on a chronic unpredictable mild stress rats depression-like behavior. In our study, depression in rats was induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and isolation for four weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Normal, Model, EA, and Sham EA. EA treatment was administered for two weeks, once a day for five days a week. Two acupoints, Yintang (EX-HN3) and Baihui (GV20), were selected. For sham EA, acupuncture needles were inserted shallowly into the acupoints: EX-HN3 and GV20. No electrostimulator was connected. The antidepressant-like effect of the electroacupuncture treatment was measured by sucrose intake test, open field test, and forced swimming test in rats. The protein levels of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK1/2)/ERK1/2 and p-P38/P38 in the hippocampus (HP) were examined by Western blot analysis. Our data demonstrate that EA treatment decreased the immobility time of forced swimming test and improved the sucrose solution intake in comparison to unpredictable chronic mild stress and placebo sham control. Electroacupuncture may act on depression by enhancing p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 in the hippocampus.
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Chilmonczyk Z, Bojarski AJ, Pilc A, Sylte I. Functional Selectivity and Antidepressant Activity of Serotonin 1A Receptor Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18474-506. [PMID: 26262615 PMCID: PMC4581256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays an important role in physiological functions. 5-HT has been implicated in sleep, feeding, sexual behavior, temperature regulation, pain, and cognition as well as in pathological states including disorders connected to mood, anxiety, psychosis and pain. 5-HT1A receptors have for a long time been considered as an interesting target for the action of antidepressant drugs. It was postulated that postsynaptic 5-HT1A agonists could form a new class of antidepressant drugs, and mixed 5-HT1A receptor ligands/serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitors seem to possess an interesting pharmacological profile. It should, however, be noted that 5-HT1A receptors can activate several different biochemical pathways and signal through both G protein-dependent and G protein-independent pathways. The variables that affect the multiplicity of 5-HT1A receptor signaling pathways would thus result from the summation of effects specific to the host cell milieu. Moreover, receptor trafficking appears different at pre- and postsynaptic sites. It should also be noted that the 5-HT1A receptor cooperates with other signal transduction systems (like the 5-HT1B or 5-HT2A/2B/2C receptors, the GABAergic and the glutaminergic systems), which also contribute to its antidepressant and/or anxiolytic activity. Thus identifying brain specific molecular targets for 5-HT1A receptor ligands may result in a better targeting, raising a hope for more effective medicines for various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisław Chilmonczyk
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland.
- Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Rzeszów, W. Kopisto 2A, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Jacek Bojarski
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, No-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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22
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Faillace M, Zwiller J, Bernabeu R. Effects of combined nicotine and fluoxetine treatment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and conditioned place preference. Neuroscience 2015; 300:104-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamin acid ameliorates restraint stress-induced anxiety and depression. Neurosci Lett 2015; 585:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Witkin JM, Overshiner C, Li X, Catlow JT, Wishart GN, Schober DA, Heinz BA, Nikolayev A, Tolstikov VV, Anderson WH, Higgs RE, Kuo MS, Felder CC. M1 and m2 muscarinic receptor subtypes regulate antidepressant-like effects of the rapidly acting antidepressant scopolamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:448-56. [PMID: 25187432 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.216804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scopolamine produces rapid and significant symptom improvement in patients with depression, and most notably in patients who do not respond to current antidepressant treatments. Scopolamine is a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, and it is not known which one or more of the five receptor subtypes in the muscarinic family are mediating these therapeutic effects. We used the mouse forced-swim test, an antidepressant detecting assay, in wild-type and transgenic mice in which each muscarinic receptor subtype had been genetically deleted to define the relevant receptor subtypes. Only the M1 and M2 knockout (KO) mice had a blunted response to scopolamine in the forced-swim assay. In contrast, the effects of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine were not significantly altered by gene deletion of any of the five muscarinic receptors. The muscarinic antagonists biperiden, pirenzepine, and VU0255035 (N-[3-oxo-3-[4-(4-pyridinyl)-1-piper azinyl]propyl]-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4-sulfonamide) with selectivity for M1 over M2 receptors also demonstrated activity in the forced-swim test, which was attenuated in M1 but not M2 receptor KO mice. An antagonist with selectivity of M2 over M1 receptors (SCH226206 [(2-amino-3-methyl-phenyl)-[4-[4-[[4-(3 chlorophenyl)sulfonylphenyl]methyl]-1-piperidyl]-1-piperidyl]methanone]) was also active in the forced-swim assay, and the effects were deleted in M2 (-/-) mice. Brain exposure and locomotor activity in the KO mice demonstrated that these behavioral effects of scopolamine are pharmacodynamic in nature. These data establish muscarinic M1 and M2 receptors as sufficient to generate behavioral effects consistent with an antidepressant phenotype and therefore as potential targets in the antidepressant effects of scopolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Witkin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - C Overshiner
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - X Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - J T Catlow
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - G N Wishart
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - D A Schober
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - B A Heinz
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - A Nikolayev
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - V V Tolstikov
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - W H Anderson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - R E Higgs
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - M-S Kuo
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - C C Felder
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom
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25
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Antidepressant Effects of Mallotus oppositifolius in Acute Murine Models. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 2014:324063. [PMID: 25045543 PMCID: PMC3972934 DOI: 10.1155/2014/324063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Mallotus oppositifolius (MOE), a plant used for CNS conditions in Ghana, was investigated for acute antidepressant effects in the forced swimming (FST) and tail suspension tests (TST). Results. In both FST and TST, MOE (10, 30, and 100 mg kg(-1)) significantly decreased immobility periods and frequencies. A 3-day pretreatment with 200 mg kg(-1), i.p., para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, reversed the decline in immobility and the increase of swimming score induced by MOE in the modified FST. Pretreatment with reserpine alone (1 mg kg(-1)), α -methyldopa alone (400 mg kg(-1), i.p.), or a combination of both drugs failed to reverse the decline in immobility or the increase in swimming score caused by the extract in the modified FST. The extract potentiated the frequency of head twitch responses induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine. Pretreatment with d-serine (600 mg kg(-1), i.p.), glycine/NMDA agonist, abolished the behavioural effects of MOE while d-cycloserine (2.5 mg kg(-1), i.p.), a glycine/NMDA partial agonist, potentiated it in both TST and modified FST. Conclusion. The extract exhibited antidepressant effects in mice which is mediated by enhancement of serotoninergic neurotransmission and inhibition of glycine/NMDA receptor activation.
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26
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Beaudoin-Gobert M, Sgambato-Faure V. Serotonergic pharmacology in animal models: from behavioral disorders to dyskinesia. Neuropharmacology 2014; 81:15-30. [PMID: 24486710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) dysfunction has been involved in both movement and behavioral disorders. Serotonin pharmacology improves dyskinetic movements as well as depressive, anxious, aggressive and anorexic symptoms. Animal models have been useful to investigate more precisely to what extent 5-HT is involved and whether drugs targeting the 5-HT system can counteract the symptoms exhibited. We review existing rodent and non-human primate (NHP) animal models in which selective 5-HT or dual 5-HT-norepinephrine (NE) transporter inhibitors, as well as specific 5-HT receptors agonists and antagonists, monoamine oxidase A inhibitors (IMAO-A) and MDMA (Ecstasy) have been used. We review overlaps between the various drug classes involved. We confront behavioral paradigms and treatment regimen. Some but not all animal models and associated pharmacological treatments have been extensively studied in the litterature. In particular, the impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) has been extensively investigated using a variety of pharmacological or genetic rodent models of depression, anxiety, aggressiveness. But the validity of these rodent models is questioned. On the contrary, few studies did address the potential impact of targeting the 5-HT system on NHP models of behavioral disorders, despite the fact that those models may match more closely to human pathologies. Further investigations with carefull behavioral analysis will improve our understanding of neural bases underlying the pathophysiology of movement and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Beaudoin-Gobert
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5229, Bron cedex F-69675, France; Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Véronique Sgambato-Faure
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5229, Bron cedex F-69675, France; Université Lyon 1, France.
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27
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Nunes EJ, Randall PA, Podurgiel S, Correa M, Salamone JD. Nucleus accumbens neurotransmission and effort-related choice behavior in food motivation: effects of drugs acting on dopamine, adenosine, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2015-25. [PMID: 23583616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) is a critical component of the brain circuitry regulating behavioral activation and effort-related processes. Although nucleus accumbens (NAc) DA depletions or antagonism leave aspects of appetite and primary food motivation intact, rats with impaired DA transmission reallocate their instrumental behavior away from food-reinforced tasks with high response requirements, and instead select less effortful food-seeking behaviors. Previous work showed that adenosine A2A antagonists can reverse the effects of DA D2 antagonists on effort-related choice, and that stimulation of adenosine A2A receptors produces behavioral effects that are similar to those induced by DA antagonism. The present review summarizes the literature on the role of NAc DA and adenosine in effort-related processes, and also presents original data on the effects of local stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in NAc core. Local injections of the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine directly into NAc core produces shifts in effort-related choice behavior similar to those induced by DA antagonism or A2A receptor stimulation, decreasing lever pressing but increasing chow intake in rats responding on a concurrent fixed ratio/chow feeding choice task. In contrast, injections into a neostriatal control site dorsal to the NAc were ineffective. The actions of pilocarpine on this task were attenuated by co-administration of the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine. Thus, drugs that act on DA, adenosine A2A, and muscarinic receptors regulate effort-related choice behavior, which may have implications for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms such as psychomotor slowing, fatigue or anergia that can be observed in depression and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Nunes
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA
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28
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Schindler AG, Messinger DI, Smith JS, Shankar H, Gustin RM, Schattauer SS, Lemos JC, Chavkin NW, Hagan CE, Neumaier JF, Chavkin C. Stress produces aversion and potentiates cocaine reward by releasing endogenous dynorphins in the ventral striatum to locally stimulate serotonin reuptake. J Neurosci 2012; 32:17582-96. [PMID: 23223282 PMCID: PMC3523715 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3220-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor (KOR) system by repeated stress exposure or agonist treatment produces place aversion, social avoidance, and reinstatement of extinguished cocaine place preference behaviors by stimulation of p38α MAPK, which subsequently causes the translocation of the serotonin transporter (SERT, SLC6A4) to the synaptic terminals of serotonergic neurons. In the present study we extend those findings by showing that stress-induced potentiation of cocaine conditioned place preference occurred by a similar mechanism. In addition, SERT knock-out mice did not show KOR-mediated aversion, and selective reexpression of SERT by lentiviral injection into the dorsal raphe restored the prodepressive effects of KOR activation. Kinetic analysis of several neurotransporters demonstrated that repeated swim stress exposure selectively increased the V(max) but not K(m) of SERT without affecting dopamine transport or the high-capacity, low-affinity transporters. Although the serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe project throughout the forebrain, a significant stress-induced increase in cell-surface SERT expression was only evident in the ventral striatum, and not in the dorsal striatum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, or dorsal raphe. Stereotaxic microinjections of the long-lasting KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine demonstrated that local KOR activation in the nucleus accumbens, but not dorsal raphe, mediated this stress-induced increase in ventral striatal surface SERT expression. Together, these results support the hypothesis that stress-induced activation of the dynorphin/KOR system produces a transient increase in serotonin transport locally in the ventral striatum that may underlie some of the adverse consequences of stress exposure, including the potentiation of the rewarding effects of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G. Schindler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
| | - Daniel I. Messinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
| | - Jeffrey S. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
| | - Haripriya Shankar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
| | - Richard M. Gustin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
| | - Selena S. Schattauer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
| | - Julia C. Lemos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior and
| | - Nicholas W. Chavkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
| | | | - John F. Neumaier
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior and
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Charles Chavkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, and
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior and
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29
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Enhanced GABAergic tone in the ventral pallidum: memory of unpleasant experiences? Neuroscience 2011; 196:131-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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