1
|
Becker M, Abaev K, Pinhasov A, Ornoy A. S-Adenosyl-Methionine alleviates sociability aversion and reduces changes in gene expression in a mouse model of social hierarchy. Behav Brain Res 2022; 427:113866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
2
|
Panariello F, Fanelli G, Fabbri C, Atti AR, De Ronchi D, Serretti A. Epigenetic Basis of Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:302-315. [PMID: 34433406 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210825101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric disorders are complex, multifactorial illnesses with a demonstrated biological component in their etiopathogenesis. Epigenetic modifications, through the modulation of DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA interference, tune tissue-specific gene expression patterns and play a relevant role in the etiology of psychiatric illnesses. OBJECTIVE This review aims to discuss the epigenetic mechanisms involved in psychiatric disorders, their modulation by environmental factors and their interactions with genetic variants, in order to provide a comprehensive picture of their mutual crosstalk. METHODS In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches of Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were conducted. RESULTS Exposure to environmental factors, such as poor socio-economic status, obstetric complications, migration, and early life stressors, may lead to stable changes in gene expression and neural circuit function, playing a role in the risk of psychiatric diseases. The most replicated genes involved by studies using different techniques are discussed. Increasing evidence indicates that these sustained abnormalities are maintained by epigenetic modifications in specific brain regions and they interact with genetic variants in determining the risk of psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION An increasing amount of evidence suggests that epigenetics plays a pivotal role in the etiopathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. New therapeutic approaches may work by reversing detrimental epigenetic changes that occurred during the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Panariello
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Atti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana De Ronchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Longhena F, Faustini G, Brembati V, Pizzi M, Benfenati F, Bellucci A. An updated reappraisal of synapsins: structure, function and role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:33-60. [PMID: 34407457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Synapsins (Syns) are phosphoproteins strongly involved in neuronal development and neurotransmitter release. Three distinct genes SYN1, SYN2 and SYN3, with elevated evolutionary conservation, have been described to encode for Synapsin I, Synapsin II and Synapsin III, respectively. Syns display a series of common features, but also exhibit distinctive localization, expression pattern, post-translational modifications (PTM). These characteristics enable their interaction with other synaptic proteins, membranes and cytoskeletal components, which is essential for the proper execution of their multiple functions in neuronal cells. These include the control of synapse formation and growth, neuron maturation and renewal, as well as synaptic vesicle mobilization, docking, fusion, recycling. Perturbations in the balanced expression of Syns, alterations of their PTM, mutations and polymorphisms of their encoding genes induce severe dysregulations in brain networks functions leading to the onset of psychiatric or neurological disorders. This review presents what we have learned since the discovery of Syn I in 1977, providing the state of the art on Syns structure, function, physiology and involvement in central nervous system disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Longhena
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Gaia Faustini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Viviana Brembati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, Genova, Italy; IRCSS Policlinico San Martino Hospital, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy; Laboratory for Preventive and Personalized Medicine, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ergün C, Urhan M, Ayer A. A review on the relationship between gluten and schizophrenia: Is gluten the cause? Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:455-466. [PMID: 28393621 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1313569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a chronic disease that possesses various clinical manifestations. It presents rather heterogeneous characteristics with respect to onset type, symptoms, and the course of the disease. Although the lifetime prevalence is as low as 1%, it can cause serious disability. Thus, it is very important to develop efficient treatment methods. In some studies, it is hypothesized that removing gluten from the diet leads to a significant improvement in disease symptoms. Epidemiological studies revealed that the prevalence of celiac disease among schizophrenic patients is almost two times higher than that of the general population. OBJECTIVE In this review, we evaluate the effects of gluten and celiac disease on the onset of schizophrenia. Efficacy of gluten-free diet applications, antibody response against gluten, and the interaction of the brain-gut axis and the presence of common genetic points are also investigated. METHODS Without any publication date restriction, Pubmed database searches were made for 'schizophrenia, gluten, gliadin, celiac disease, exorphin, brain-gut axis, psychiatric disorders.' The keywords and the articles about the schizophrenia-celiac disease relationship are included in our review. RESULTS Several studies presented evidence to suggest that symptoms associated with schizophrenia were minimized when gluten was excluded from patients' diets. Immunological searches revealed that most schizophrenic patients with increased anti-gliadin antibodies did not possess celiac disease; yet, the presence of increased antibodies against gliadin can be the share point of the immunological abnormalities found in both of the diseases. DISCUSSION There were no consistent results in the clinical, immunological, microbiological, and epidemiological studies that investigated the relationship between schizophrenia and celiac disease. This presents a need for a larger scale study to confirm the presence of this suggested correlation between schizophrenia and celiac disease. The underlying mechanisms between the two diseases should be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Ergün
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Bahçeşehir University , Beşiktaş, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Murat Urhan
- b Manisa Mental Health and Diseases Hospital , Şehitler Street, 45020 Manisa , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ayer
- b Manisa Mental Health and Diseases Hospital , Şehitler Street, 45020 Manisa , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cruceanu C, Kutsarova E, Chen ES, Checknita DR, Nagy C, Lopez JP, Alda M, Rouleau GA, Turecki G. DNA hypomethylation of Synapsin II CpG islands associates with increased gene expression in bipolar disorder and major depression. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:286. [PMID: 27515700 PMCID: PMC4982122 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Synapsins (SYN1, SYN2, and SYN3) are important players in the adult brain, given their involvement in synaptic transmission and plasticity, as well as in the developing brain through roles in axon outgrowth and synaptogenesis. We and others previously reported gene expression dysregulation, both as increases and decreases, of Synapsins in mood disorders, but little is known about the regulatory mechanisms leading to these differences. Thus, we proposed to study DNA methylation at theses genes' promoter regions, under the assumption that altered epigenetic marks at key regulatory sites would be the cause of gene expression changes and thus part of the mood disorder etiology. METHODS We performed CpG methylation mapping focusing on the three genes' predicted CpG islands using the Sequenom EpiTYPER platform. DNA extracted from post-mortem brain tissue (BA10) from individuals who had lived with bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as psychiatrically healthy individuals was used. Differences in methylation across all CpGs within a CpG island and between the three diagnostic groups were assessed by 2-way mixed model analyses of variance. RESULTS We found no significant results for SYN1 or SYN3, but there was a significant group difference in SYN2 methylation, as well as an overall pattern of hypomethylation across the CpG island. Furthermore, we found a significant inverse correlation of DNA methylation with SYN2a mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to previous work showing dysregulation of Synapsins, particularly SYN2, in mood disorders and improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that precipitate these changes likely leading to the BD or MDD phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Cruceanu
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies & Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Elena Kutsarova
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies & Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Elizabeth S. Chen
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies & Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - David R. Checknita
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies & Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies & Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Lopez
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies & Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies & Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mastroeni D, Delvaux E, Nolz J, Tan Y, Grover A, Oddo S, Coleman PD. Aberrant intracellular localization of H3k4me3 demonstrates an early epigenetic phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:3121-3129. [PMID: 26553823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) the mislocalization of epigenetic molecules between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm. We have extended our finding to include the aberrant localization of histone 3 trimethylation on lysine 4 (H3k4me3), an epigenetic mark associated with actively transcribing genes as well as those poised for transcription. These findings raise the question of where the ectopic localization of H3k4me3 fits within the cascade of cell biological events in the progression of AD. We, therefore, examined the expression and intracellular location of H3k4me3 as a function of Braak stage and also in relation to a series of tau markers that are indicative of disease state. Both lines of evidence showed that ectopic localization of H3k4me3 is early in the course of disease. Because of the known role of H3k4me3 in the expression of synaptic genes, our data suggest an epigenetic role in synaptic deficits early in the course of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Mastroeni
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; L.J. Roberts Alzheimer's Disease Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elaine Delvaux
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; L.J. Roberts Alzheimer's Disease Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer Nolz
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; L.J. Roberts Alzheimer's Disease Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew Grover
- L.J. Roberts Alzheimer's Disease Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Salvatore Oddo
- Oddo Laboratory-Neurobiology of Aging and Dementia, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paul D Coleman
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; L.J. Roberts Alzheimer's Disease Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The success of antidepressant research has long been challenged by a limited mechanistic understanding of depression pathogenesis and antidepressant treatment response. Progress in this field has thereby consistently been hindered by a lack of novel conceptual approaches and sophisticated experimental techniques to dissect the highly intricate neurobiology of depression. Using fresh approaches to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying depression will thus be vital for discovery of novel antidepressant targets. AREAS COVERED This article provides an overview of some fundamental problems that depression research is currently facing and critically evaluates how these issues could be addressed by future research. It also discusses novel conceptual and technological advances in the field of neuroscience, particularly in regard to how they may help in providing unprecedented insight into the molecular mechanisms of depression pathogenesis. EXPERT OPINION Although progress in antidepressant drug discovery has been limited over recent years, modern innovations in neuroscience, molecular biology, genetics and bioinformatics are just beginning to revolutionize depression research and to reveal novel and promising treatment targets. Integrating findings from a range of relevant experimental models and using the most advanced technology will be vital for the future success of antidepressant drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Anacker
- McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute , 6875 Boulevard La Salle, Montreal, Quebec, H4H 1R3 , Canada +1 514 761 6131 - 2503 ;
| |
Collapse
|