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Nath M, Bhardwaj SK, Srivastava LK, Wong TP. Altered excitatory and decreased inhibitory transmission in the prefrontal cortex of male mice with early developmental disruption to the ventral hippocampus. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:865-880. [PMID: 35297476 PMCID: PMC9890473 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventral hippocampal (vHPC)-prefrontal cortical (PFC) pathway dysfunction is a core neuroimaging feature of schizophrenia. However, mechanisms underlying impaired connectivity within this pathway remain poorly understood. The vHPC has direct projections to the PFC that help shape its maturation. Here, we wanted to investigate the effects of early developmental vHPC perturbations on long-term functional PFC organization. Using whole-cell recordings to assess PFC cellular activity in transgenic male mouse lines, we show early developmental disconnection of vHPC inputs, by excitotoxic lesion or cell-specific ablations, impairs pyramidal cell firing output and produces a persistent increase in excitatory and decrease in inhibitory synaptic inputs onto pyramidal cells. We show this effect is specific to excitatory vHPC projection cell ablation. We further identify PV-interneurons as a source of deficit in inhibitory transmission. We find PV-interneurons are reduced in density, show a reduced ability to sustain high-frequency firing, and show deficits in excitatory inputs that emerge over time. We additionally show differences in vulnerabilities to early developmental vHPC disconnection, wherein PFC PV-interneurons but not pyramidal cells show deficits in NMDA receptor-mediated current. Our results highlight mechanisms by which the PFC adapts to early developmental vHPC perturbations, providing insights into schizophrenia circuit pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushumi Nath
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.,Basic Neuroscience Division, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Sanjeev K Bhardwaj
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Lalit K Srivastava
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Tak Pan Wong
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
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2
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Anxiety and hippocampal neuronal activity: Relationship and potential mechanisms. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:431-449. [PMID: 34873665 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus has been implicated in modulating anxiety. It interacts with a variety of brain regions, both cortical and subcortical areas regulating emotion and stress responses, including prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, and the nucleus accumbens, to adjust anxiety levels in response to a variety of stressful conditions. Growing evidence indicates that anxiety is associated with increased neuronal excitability in the hippocampus, and alterations in local regulation of hippocampal excitability have been suggested to underlie behavioral disruptions characteristic of certain anxiety disorders. Furthermore, studies have shown that some anxiolytics can treat anxiety by altering the excitability and plasticity of hippocampal neurons. Hence, identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms and neural circuits that regulate hippocampal excitability in anxiety may be beneficial for developing targeted interventions for treatment of anxiety disorders particularly for the treatment-resistant cases. We first briefly review a role of the hippocampus in fear. We then review the evidence indicating a relationship between the hippocampal activity and fear/anxiety and discuss some possible mechanisms underlying stress-induced hippocampal excitability and anxiety-related behavior.
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3
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Ruggiero RN, Rossignoli MT, Marques DB, de Sousa BM, Romcy-Pereira RN, Lopes-Aguiar C, Leite JP. Neuromodulation of Hippocampal-Prefrontal Cortical Synaptic Plasticity and Functional Connectivity: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:732360. [PMID: 34707481 PMCID: PMC8542677 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.732360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus-prefrontal cortex (HPC-PFC) pathway plays a fundamental role in executive and emotional functions. Neurophysiological studies have begun to unveil the dynamics of HPC-PFC interaction in both immediate demands and long-term adaptations. Disruptions in HPC-PFC functional connectivity can contribute to neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in mental illnesses and neurological conditions, such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, and Alzheimer's disease. Given the role in functional and dysfunctional physiology, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms that modulate the dynamics of HPC-PFC communication. Two of the main mechanisms that regulate HPC-PFC interactions are synaptic plasticity and modulatory neurotransmission. Synaptic plasticity can be investigated inducing long-term potentiation or long-term depression, while spontaneous functional connectivity can be inferred by statistical dependencies between the local field potentials of both regions. In turn, several neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, and endocannabinoids, can regulate the fine-tuning of HPC-PFC connectivity. Despite experimental evidence, the effects of neuromodulation on HPC-PFC neuronal dynamics from cellular to behavioral levels are not fully understood. The current literature lacks a review that focuses on the main neurotransmitter interactions with HPC-PFC activity. Here we reviewed studies showing the effects of the main neurotransmitter systems in long- and short-term HPC-PFC synaptic plasticity. We also looked for the neuromodulatory effects on HPC-PFC oscillatory coordination. Finally, we review the implications of HPC-PFC disruption in synaptic plasticity and functional connectivity on cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders. The comprehensive overview of these impairments could help better understand the role of neuromodulation in HPC-PFC communication and generate insights into the etiology and physiopathology of clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Naime Ruggiero
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus Teixeira Rossignoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Danilo Benette Marques
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno Monteiro de Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Cleiton Lopes-Aguiar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - João Pereira Leite
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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4
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Perez DM. Current Developments on the Role of α 1-Adrenergic Receptors in Cognition, Cardioprotection, and Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652152. [PMID: 34113612 PMCID: PMC8185284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The α1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are G-protein coupled receptors that bind the endogenous catecholamines, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. They play a key role in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system along with β and α2-AR family members. While all of the adrenergic receptors bind with similar affinity to the catecholamines, they can regulate different physiologies and pathophysiologies in the body because they couple to different G-proteins and signal transduction pathways, commonly in opposition to one another. While α1-AR subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1C) have long been known to be primary regulators of vascular smooth muscle contraction, blood pressure, and cardiac hypertrophy, their role in neurotransmission, improving cognition, protecting the heart during ischemia and failure, and regulating whole body and organ metabolism are not well known and are more recent developments. These advancements have been made possible through the development of transgenic and knockout mouse models and more selective ligands to advance their research. Here, we will review the recent literature to provide new insights into these physiological functions and possible use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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5
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Mahmoodkhani M, Ghasemi M, Derafshpour L, Amini M, Mehranfard N. Long-Term Decreases in the Expression of Calcineurin and GABAA Receptors Induced by Early Maternal Separation Are Associated with Increased Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult Male Rats. Dev Neurosci 2020; 42:135-144. [PMID: 33341802 DOI: 10.1159/000512221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early life stress is a well-described risk factor of anxiety disorders in adulthood. Dysfunction in GABA/glutamate receptors and their functional regulator, calcineurin, is linked to anxiety disorders. Here, we investigated the effect of early life stress, such as repeated maternal separation (MS; 3 h per day from postnatal day [P] 2 to 11), on changes in the expression of calcineurin as well as the ionotropic glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors including α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and GABAA receptors in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adolescent (P35) and adult (P62) male Wistar rats and their correlations with anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. METHODS The protein levels were assessed by Western blot analysis. Anxiety-like behavior was measured in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests. RESULTS MS induced a regional transient decrease of glutamate receptors expression at P35, with decreased NMDA and AMPA receptor levels, respectively, in the hippocampus and PFC, suggesting a possible decrease in excitatory synaptic strength. In contrast to glutamate receptors, MS had long-lasting influence on GABAA receptor and calcineurin levels, with reduced expression of GABAA receptor and calcineurin in both brain regions at P35 that continued into adulthood. These results were accompanied by increased anxiety behavior in adulthood, shown by lower percentage of number of total entries and time spent in the open arms of the EPM, and by lower time spent and number of entries in the OF central area. CONCLUSIONS Together, our study suggests that GABAA receptors via calcineurin-dependent signaling pathways may play an important role in the expression of stress-induced anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahmoodkhani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Derafshpour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mehranfard
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran,
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6
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Perez DM. α 1-Adrenergic Receptors in Neurotransmission, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cognition. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581098. [PMID: 33117176 PMCID: PMC7553051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-adrenergic receptors are G-Protein Coupled Receptors that are involved in neurotransmission and regulate the sympathetic nervous system through binding and activating the neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, and the neurohormone, epinephrine. There are three α1-adrenergic receptor subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1D) that are known to play various roles in neurotransmission and cognition. They are related to two other adrenergic receptor families that also bind norepinephrine and epinephrine, the β- and α2-, each with three subtypes (β1, β2, β3, α2A, α2B, α2C). Previous studies assessing the roles of α1-adrenergic receptors in neurotransmission and cognition have been inconsistent. This was due to the use of poorly-selective ligands and many of these studies were published before the characterization of the cloned receptor subtypes and the subsequent development of animal models. With the availability of more-selective ligands and the development of animal models, a clearer picture of their role in cognition and neurotransmission can be assessed. In this review, we highlight the significant role that the α1-adrenergic receptor plays in regulating synaptic efficacy, both short and long-term synaptic plasticity, and its regulation of different types of memory. We will also present evidence that the α1-adrenergic receptors, and particularly the α1A-adrenergic receptor subtype, are a potentially good target to treat a wide variety of neurological conditions with diminished cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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7
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Mehta R, Giri S, Mallick BN. REM sleep loss-induced elevated noradrenaline could predispose an individual to psychosomatic disorders: a review focused on proposal for prediction, prevention, and personalized treatment. EPMA J 2020; 11:529-549. [PMID: 33240449 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Historically and traditionally, it is known that sleep helps in maintaining healthy living. Its duration varies not only among individuals but also in the same individual depending on circumstances, suggesting it is a dynamic and personalized physiological process. It has been divided into rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS). The former is unique that adult humans spend the least time in this stage, when although one is physically asleep, the brain behaves as if awake, the dream state. As NREMS is a pre-requisite for appearance of REMS, the latter can be considered a predictive readout of sleep quality and health. It plays a protective role against oxidative, stressful, and psychopathological insults. Several modern lifestyle activities compromise quality and quantity of sleep (including REMS) affecting fundamental physiological and psychopathosomatic processes in a personalized manner. REMS loss-induced elevated brain noradrenaline (NA) causes many associated symptoms, which are ameliorated by preventing NA action. Therefore, we propose that awareness about personalized sleep hygiene (including REMS) and maintaining optimum brain NA level should be of paramount significance for leading physical and mental well-being as well as healthy living. As sleep is a dynamic, multifactorial, homeostatically regulated process, for healthy living, we recommend addressing and treating sleep dysfunctions in a personalized manner by the health professionals, caregivers, family, and other supporting members in the society. We also recommend that maintaining sleep profile, optimum level of NA, and/or prevention of elevation of NA or its action in the brain must be seriously considered for ameliorating lifestyle and REMS disturbance-associated dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Mehta
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067 India.,Present Address: Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Shatrunjai Giri
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067 India
| | - Birendra N Mallick
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067 India
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8
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Norepinephrine, neurodevelopment and behavior. Neurochem Int 2020; 135:104706. [PMID: 32092327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters play critical roles in the developing nervous system. Among the neurotransmitters, norepinephrine (NE) is in particular postulated to be an important regulator of brain development. NE is expressed during early stages of development and is known to regulate both the development of noradrenergic neurons and the development of target areas. NE participates in the shaping and the wiring of the nervous system during the critical periods of development, and perturbations in this process can alter the brain's developmental trajectory, which in turn can cause long-lasting and even permanent changes in the brain function and behavior later in life. Here we will briefly review evidence for the role of noradrenergic system in neurodevelopmental processes and will discuss about the potential disruptors of noradrenergic system during development and their behavioral consequences.
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9
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Dyer-Reaves K, Goodman AM, Nelson AR, McMahon LL. Alpha1-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Long-Term Depression at CA3-CA1 Synapses Can Be Induced via Accumulation of Endogenous Norepinephrine and Is Preserved Following Noradrenergic Denervation. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:27. [PMID: 31649525 PMCID: PMC6794465 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) provides the sole source of noradrenergic (NA) innervation to hippocampus, and it undergoes significant degeneration early in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Norepinephrine (NE) modulates synaptic transmission and plasticity at hippocampal synapses which likely contributes to hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. We previously reported that pharmacological activation of α1 adrenergic receptors (α1ARs) induces long-term depression (LTD) at CA3-CA1 synapses. Here, we investigated whether accumulation of endogenous NE via pharmacological blockade of norepinephrine transporters (NETs) and the NE degradative enzyme, monoamine oxidase (MAO), can induce α1AR LTD, as these inhibitors are used clinically. Further, we sought to determine how degeneration of hippocampal NA innervation, as occurs in AD, impacts α1AR function and α1AR LTD. Bath application of NET and MAO inhibitors in slices from control rats reliably induced α1AR LTD when β adrenergic receptors were inhibited. To induce degeneration of LC-NA innervation, rats were treated with the specific NA neurotoxin DSP-4 and recordings performed 1-3 weeks later when NA axon degeneration had stabilized. Even with 85% loss of hippocampal NA innervation, α1AR LTD was successfully induced using either the α1AR agonist phenylephrine or the combined NET and MAO inhibitors, and importantly, the LTD magnitude was not different from saline-treated control. These data suggest that despite significant decreases in NA input to hippocampus, the mechanisms necessary for the induction of α1AR LTD remain functional. Furthermore, we posit that α1AR activation could be a viable therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention in AD and other diseases involving malfunctions of NA neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Dyer-Reaves
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anthoni M. Goodman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Amy R. Nelson
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lori L. McMahon
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology (CDIB), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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10
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Zhang K, Yang Q, Yang L, Li YJ, Wang XS, Li YJ, Dang RL, Guan SY, Guo YY, Sun T, Wu YM, Liu A, Zhang Y, Liu SB, Zhao MG. CB1 agonism prolongs therapeutic window for hormone replacement in ovariectomized mice. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2333-2350. [PMID: 31063987 DOI: 10.1172/jci123689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone therapy (HT) is reported to be deficient in improving learning and memory in older postmenopausal women according to recent clinical studies; however, the reason for failure is unknown. A "window of opportunity" for estrogen treatment is proposed to explain this deficiency. Here, we found that facilitation of memory extinction and long-term depression by 17β-estradiol (E2) was normal in mice 1 week after ovariectomy (OVXST), but it was impaired in mice 3 months after ovariectomy (OVXLT). High-throughput sequencing revealed a decrease of miR-221-5p, which promoted cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) ubiquitination by upregulation of Neurl1a/b in E2-treated OVXLT mice. Blood samples from postmenopausal women aged 56-65 indicated decreases of miR-221-5p and 2-arachidonoylglycerol compared with samples from perimenopausal women aged 46-55. Replenishing of miR-221-5p or treatment with a CB1 agonist rescued the impairment of fear extinction in E2-treated OVXLT mice. The present study demonstrates that an HT time window in mice can be prolonged by cotreatment with a CB1 agonist, implying a potential strategy for HT in long-term menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Jiao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin-Shang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui-Li Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shao-Yu Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shui-Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Precision Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Microglia in the developing prefrontal cortex of rats show dynamic changes following neonatal disconnection of the ventral hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2018; 146:264-275. [PMID: 30537477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Impaired ventral hippocampal (VH)-prefrontal cortex (PFC) connectivity is implicated in many cognitive and behavioral disorders. Excitotoxic neonatal VH (nVH) lesion in rat pups has been shown to induce synaptic pruning in the PFC as well as behavioral changes of relevance to developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. In the current study, we hypothesized that microglia, immune cells required for proper brain development and plasticity, may play a role in the development of abnormal behaviors in the nVH-lesioned animals. Ibotenic acid-induced nVH lesion was induced in postnatal day (P)7 male rats. Developmental changes in microglial density, morphology, ultrastructure and gene expression were analyzed in the PFC at P20 and P60. Our results revealed increased microglial reactivity and phagocytic activity in the lesioned rats at P20. Increased mRNA levels of C3 and C1q, complement molecules involved in synaptic pruning, were concomitantly observed. Diminished, but maintained, microglial reactivity and reduced antioxidative defenses were identified in lesioned rats at P60. Behavioral deficits were significantly reduced in the post-pubertal rats by suppressing microglial reactivity by a one-week minocycline treatment immediately after the lesion, These results suggest that early-life disconnection of the VH has long-lasting consequences for microglial functions in the connected structures. Alterations in microglia may underlie synaptic reorganization and behavioral deficits observed following neonatal VH disconnection.
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12
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Joseph AT, Bhardwaj SK, Srivastava LK. Role of Prefrontal Cortex Anti- and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in the Development of Abnormal Behaviors Induced by Disconnection of the Ventral Hippocampus in Neonate Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:244. [PMID: 30459571 PMCID: PMC6232928 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal disconnection of ventral hippocampus (VH) outputs in rats has been reported to lead to post-pubertal behavioral and synaptic changes of relevance to schizophrenia. Increased oxidative and inflammatory load in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been suggested to mediate some of the effects of neonatal VH lesion (NVHL). In this study, we hypothesized that developmental imbalance of anti- and pro-inflammatory factors within the PFC might affect synaptic development thus contributing to the adult NVHL-induced behavioral deficits. Ibotenic acid-induced excitotoxic NVHL was performed in postnatal day (PD) 7 male Sprague-Dawley rats and the mRNA levels of select pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured in the medial PFC (mPFC) at two developmental time points (PD15 and PD60). We observed a development-specific increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA at PD15, and an overall reduction in the expression and signaling of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, at both PD15 and PD60 in the NVHL animals. These cytokine changes were not seen in the somatosensory cortex (SSC) or tissue surrounding the lesion site. Daily administration of systemic recombinant TGF-β1 from PD7-14 prevented the appearance of hyperlocomotion, deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle and social interaction (SI) in post-pubertal (PD60) NVHL rats. Neonatal supplementation of TGF-β1 was also able to attenuate dendritic spine loss in the layer 3 mPFC pyramidal neurons of NVHL animals. These results suggest that early damage of the VH has long-lasting inflammatory consequences in distant connected structures, and that TGF-β1 has potential to confer protection against the deleterious effects of developmental hippocampal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta T Joseph
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sanjeev K Bhardwaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lalit K Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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13
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Noradrenergic Modulation of Cognition in Health and Disease. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:6031478. [PMID: 28596922 PMCID: PMC5450174 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6031478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine released by the locus coeruleus modulates cellular processes and synaptic transmission in the central nervous system through its actions at a number of pre- and postsynaptic receptors. This transmitter system facilitates sensory signal detection and promotes waking and arousal, processes which are necessary for navigating a complex and dynamic sensory environment. In addition to its effects on sensory processing and waking behavior, norepinephrine is now recognized as a contributor to various aspects of cognition, including attention, behavioral flexibility, working memory, and long-term mnemonic processes. Two areas of dense noradrenergic innervation, the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, are particularly important with regard to these functions. Due to its role in mediating normal cognitive function, it is reasonable to expect that noradrenergic transmission becomes dysfunctional in a number of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cognitive deficits. In this review, we summarize the unique role that norepinephrine plays in prefrontal cortical and hippocampal function and how its interaction with its various receptors contribute to cognitive behaviors. We further assess the changes that occur in the noradrenergic system in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia and how these changes contribute to cognitive decline in these pathologies.
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Bhardwaj SK, Ryan RT, Wong TP, Srivastava LK. Loss of dysbindin-1, a risk gene for schizophrenia, leads to impaired group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor function in mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:72. [PMID: 25859193 PMCID: PMC4374471 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of dysbindin-1, a protein coded by the risk gene dtnbp1, is reduced in the brains of schizophrenia patients. Evidence indicates a role of dysbindin-1 in dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission. Glutamatergic transmission and plasticity at excitatory synapses is critically regulated by G-protein coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) family members, that have been implicated in schizophrenia. Here, we report a role of dysbindin-1 in hippocampal group 1 mGluR (mGluRI) function in mice. In hippocampal synaptoneurosomal preparations from sandy (sdy) mice, that have a loss of function mutation in dysbindin-1 gene, we observed a striking reduction in mGluRI agonist [(S)-3, 5-dihydroxyphenylglycine] (DHPG)-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). This mGluR-ERK1/2 deficit occurred in the absence of significant changes in protein levels of the two members of the mGluRI family (i.e., mGluR1 and mGluR5) or in another mGluRI signaling pathway, i.e., protein kinase C (PKC). Aberrant mGluRI-ERK1/2 signaling affected hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the sdy mutants as DHPG-induced long-term depression (LTD) at CA1 excitatory synapses was significantly reduced. Behavioral data suggest that the mGluRI hypofunction may underlie some of the cognitive abnormalities described in sdy mice as the administration of CDPPB (3-cyano-N-(1, 3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl benzamide), a positive allosteric modulator of mGluR5, rescued short-term object recognition and spatial learning and memory deficits in these mice. Taken together, our data suggest a novel role of dysbindin-1 in regulating mGluRI functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev K Bhardwaj
- Department of Psychiatry and Integrated Programme in Neuroscience, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard T Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Integrated Programme in Neuroscience, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tak Pan Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Integrated Programme in Neuroscience, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lalit K Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry and Integrated Programme in Neuroscience, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
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