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Holtby AR, Hall TJ, McGivney BA, Han H, Murphy KJ, MacHugh DE, Katz LM, Hill EW. Integrative genomics analysis highlights functionally relevant genes for equine behaviour. Anim Genet 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/age.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Syding LA, Kubik-Zahorodna A, Reguera DP, Nickl P, Hruskova B, Kralikova M, Kopkanova J, Novosadova V, Kasparek P, Prochazka J, Rozman J, Turecek R, Sedlacek R. Ablation of Gabra5 Influences Corticosterone Levels and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020285. [PMID: 36833213 PMCID: PMC9956889 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress responses are activated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), culminating in the release of glucocorticoids. During prolonged periods of secretion of glucocorticoids or inappropriate behavioral responses to a stressor, pathologic conditions may occur. Increased glucocorticoid concentration is linked to generalized anxiety, and there are knowledge gaps regarding its regulation. It is known that the HPA axis is under GABAergic control, but the contribution of the individual subunits of the GABA receptor is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the α5 subunit and corticosterone levels in a new mouse model deficient for Gabra5, which is known to be linked to anxiety disorders in humans and phenologs observed in mice. We observed decreased rearing behavior, suggesting lower anxiety in the Gabra5-/- animals; however, such a phenotype was absent in the open field and elevated plus maze tests. In addition to decreased rearing behavior, we also found decreased levels of fecal corticosterone metabolites in Gabra5-/- mice indicating a lowered stress response. Moreover, based on the electrophysiological recordings where we observed a hyperpolarized state of hippocampal neurons, we hypothesize that the constitutive ablation of the Gabra5 gene leads to functional compensation with other channels or GABA receptor subunits in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Amanda Syding
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Kubik-Zahorodna
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (A.K.-Z.); (R.S.)
| | - David Pajuelo Reguera
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nickl
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdana Hruskova
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kralikova
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kopkanova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Novosadova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rozman
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Rostislav Turecek
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (A.K.-Z.); (R.S.)
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Hou SJ, Tsai SJ, Kuo PH, Lin WY, Liu YL, Yang AC, Lin E, Lan TH. An association study in the Taiwan Biobank elicits the GABAA receptor genes GABRB3, GABRA5, and GABRG3 as candidate loci for sleep duration in the Taiwanese population. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:223. [PMID: 34530807 PMCID: PMC8447520 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors mainly mediate the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Abundant evidence suggests that GABAA receptors play a key role in sleep-regulating processes. No genetic association study has explored the relationships between GABAA receptor genes and sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep timing in humans. METHODS We determined the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GABAA receptor genes GABRA1, GABRA2, GABRB3, GABRA5, and GABRG3 and sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep timing in the Taiwan Biobank with a sample of 10,127 Taiwanese subjects. There were 10,142 subjects in the original study cohort. We excluded 15 subjects with a medication history of sedative-hypnotics. RESULTS Our data revealed an association of the GABRB3-GABRA5-GABRG3 gene cluster with sleep duration, which has not been previously identified: rs79333046 (beta = - 0.07; P = 1.21 × 10-3) in GABRB3, rs189790076 (beta = 0.92; P = 1.04 × 10-3) in GABRA5, and rs147619342 (beta = - 0.72; P = 3.97 × 10-3) in GABRG3. The association between rs189790076 in GABRA5 and sleep duration remained significant after Bonferroni correction. A variant (rs12438141) in GABRB3 was also found to act as a potential expression quantitative trait locus. Additionally, we discovered interactions between variants in the GABRB3-GABRA5-GABRG3 gene cluster and lifestyle factors, such as tea and coffee consumption, smoking, and physical activity, that influenced sleep duration, although some interactions became nonsignificant after Bonferroni correction. We also found interactions among GABRB3, GABRA5, and GABRG3 that affected sleep duration. Furthermore, we identified an association of rs7165524 (beta = - 0.06; P = 2.20 × 10-3) in GABRA5 with sleep quality and an association of rs79465949 (beta = - 0.12; P = 3.95 × 10-3) in GABRB3 with sleep timing, although these associations became nonsignificant after Bonferroni correction. However, we detected no evidence of an association of individual SNPs in GABRA1 and GABRA2. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that rs189790076 in GABRA5 and gene-gene interactions among GABRB3, GABRA5, and GABRG3 may contribute to sleep duration in the Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheue-Jane Hou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lin
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, 3980 15th Avenue NE, Box 351617, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Tsuo-Hung Lan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan.
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Chen CP, Lin HY, Wang LK, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen SW, Wu FT, Fran S, Chen YY, Town DD, Pan CW, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from inv dup(15). Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 59:580-585. [PMID: 32653133 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of an inverted duplication of proximal chromosome 15 [inv dup(15)] presenting as a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) at amniocentesis associated with concomitant microduplication of 8q22.1. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 39-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 16 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age, and the result was 47, XY, +mar dn. The woman requested for repeat amniocentesis at 20 weeks of gestation. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) and DNA methylation analysis were applied to determine the nature of the sSMC. RESULTS aCGH on the uncultured amniocytes revealed the result of arr 8q22.1 (93,918,763-96,618,539) × 3.0, arr 15q11.2q13.2 (22,765,628-30,658,876) × 4.0, arr 15q13.2q13.3 (30,653,877-32,509,926) × 3.0 [GRCh37 (hg19)]. Interphase FISH analysis using RP11-34H12 [15q13.2; Texas Red, 30,709,033-30,893,021 (hg19)] on 100 uncultured amniocytes showed that 38 cells had three signals, 45 cells had four signals and 27 cells had two signals. The parental bloods had normal aCGH results. The karyotype of cultured amniocytes was 47, XY, +inv dup(15) (pter→q13::q13→pter) which was confirmed by metaphase FISH analysis. No informative markers could be found in QF-PCR analysis. DNA methylation analysis on cord blood confirmed a maternal origin of the 15q11-q13 gene dosage increase with a result of 15q11.2 SNRPN DNA hypermethylation. Postnatal cytogenetic analysis on cord blood, umbilical cord and placenta showed the results consistent with the prenatal diagnosis. CONCLUSION Molecular cytogenetic techniques are useful for rapid diagnosis of an inv dup(15) chromosome presenting as an sSMC at amniocentesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Yu Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sisca Fran
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Dyi Town
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wen Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu K, Han W, Tian Q, Li Y, Lu W. Activity- and sleep-dependent regulation of tonic inhibition by Shisa7. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108899. [PMID: 33761345 PMCID: PMC8025742 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tonic inhibition mediated by extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) critically regulates neuronal excitability and brain function. However, the mechanisms regulating tonic inhibition remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Shisa7 is critical for tonic inhibition regulation in hippocampal neurons. In juvenile Shisa7 knockout (KO) mice, α5-GABAAR-mediated tonic currents are significantly reduced. Mechanistically, Shisa7 is crucial for α5-GABAAR exocytosis. Additionally, Shisa7 regulation of tonic inhibition requires protein kinase A (PKA) that phosphorylates Shisa7 serine 405 (S405). Importantly, tonic inhibition undergoes activity-dependent regulation, and Shisa7 is required for homeostatic potentiation of tonic inhibition. Interestingly, in young adult Shisa7 KOs, basal tonic inhibition in hippocampal neurons is unaltered, largely due to the diminished α5-GABAAR component of tonic inhibition. However, at this stage, tonic inhibition oscillates during the daily sleep/wake cycle, a process requiring Shisa7. Together, these data demonstrate that intricate signaling mechanisms regulate tonic inhibition at different developmental stages and reveal a molecular link between sleep and tonic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwei Wu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenyan Han
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qingjun Tian
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Tretiakov A, Malakhova A, Naumova E, Rudko O, Klimov E. Genetic Biomarkers of Panic Disorder: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111310. [PMID: 33158196 PMCID: PMC7694264 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Although panic disorder (PD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders severely impacting quality of life, no effective genetic testing exists; known data on possible genetic biomarkers is often scattered and unsystematic which complicates further studies. (2) Methods: We used PathwayStudio 12.3 (Elsevier, The Netherlands) to acquire literature data for further manual review and analysis. 229 articles were extracted, 55 articles reporting associations, and 32 articles reporting no associations were finally selected. (3) Results: We provide exhaustive information on genetic biomarkers associated with PD known in the scientific literature. Data is presented in two tables. Genes COMT and SLC6A4 may be considered the most promising for PD diagnostic to date. (4) Conclusions: This review illustrates current progress in association studies of PD and may indicate possible molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis. This is a possible basis for data analysis, novel experimental studies, or developing test systems and personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemii Tretiakov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.M.); (E.N.); (O.R.)
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Alena Malakhova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.M.); (E.N.); (O.R.)
| | - Elena Naumova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.M.); (E.N.); (O.R.)
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Olga Rudko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.M.); (E.N.); (O.R.)
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Eugene Klimov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (A.M.); (E.N.); (O.R.)
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Brehl AK, Kohn N, Schene AH, Fernández G. A mechanistic model for individualised treatment of anxiety disorders based on predictive neural biomarkers. Psychol Med 2020; 50:727-736. [PMID: 32204741 PMCID: PMC7168651 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased amygdala responsiveness is the hallmark of fear and a characteristic across patients with anxiety disorders. The amygdala is embedded in a complex regulatory circuit. Multiple different mechanisms may elevate amygdala responsiveness and lead to the occurrence of an anxiety disorder. While top-down control by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) downregulates amygdala responses, the locus coeruleus (LC) drives up amygdala activation via noradrenergic projections. This indicates that the same fearful phenotype may result from different neural mechanisms. We propose a mechanistic model that defines three different neural biomarkers causing amygdala hyper-responsiveness in patients with anxiety disorders: (a) inherent amygdala hypersensitivity, (b) low prefrontal control and (c) high LC drive. First-line treatment for anxiety disorders is exposure-based cognitive behavioural therapy, which strengthens PFC recruitment during emotion regulation and thus targets low-prefrontal control. A treatment response rate around 50% (Loerinc et al., 2015, Clinical Psychological Reviews, 42, 72-82) might indicate heterogeneity of underlying neurobiological mechanisms among patients, presumably leading to high variation in treatment benefit. Transforming insights from cognitive neuroscience into applicable clinical heuristics to categorise patients based on their underlying biomarker may support individualised treatment selection in psychiatry. We review literature on the three anxiety-related mechanisms and present a mechanistic model that may serve as a rational for pathology-based diagnostic and biomarker-guided treatment selection in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Brehl
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Kohn
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guillen Fernández
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Carson RP, Bird L, Childers AK, Wheeler F, Duis J. Preserved expressive language as a phenotypic determinant of Mosaic Angelman Syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e837. [PMID: 31400086 PMCID: PMC6732290 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with core features of intellectual disability, speech impairment, movement disorders, and a unique behavioral profile. Typically, AS results from absent maternal expression of UBE3A, but some individuals have imprinting defects in a portion of their cells. These individuals are mosaic for normal and defective UBE3A expression, resulting in mosaic AS (mAS) with a partial loss of gene expression. Methods This study aims to contrast the mAS phenotype to that of AS. Clinical characteristics of mAS were obtained from a parental survey of 22 mAS patients and from the Angelman Natural History study. These were contrasted with those of AS using historical data. Results Developmental delay was present in nearly all mAS patients, whereas the core features of AS were reported in less than 40%. While language and ability to manage activities of daily living were markedly improved over that expected in AS, mAS patients demonstrated a high incidence of behavioral challenges. Conclusion Clinical work‐up of an individual with developmental delay, hyperactivity, anxiety, and an uncharacteristically happy demeanor should prompt methylation studies to rule out mAS. We expand the phenotypic spectrum of AS to include features that overlap with Prader‐Willi such as hyperphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Carson
- Divisions of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lynne Bird
- Division of Genetics/Dysmorphology, Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Anna K Childers
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ferrin Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jessica Duis
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Chandler CM, Reeves-Darby J, Jones SA, McDonald JA, Li G, Rahman MT, Cook JM, Platt DM. α5GABA A subunit-containing receptors and sweetened alcohol cue-induced reinstatement and active sweetened alcohol self-administration in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1797-1806. [PMID: 30637435 PMCID: PMC6606346 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE GABAA receptors containing the α5 subunit (i.e., α5GABAA receptors) appear to be critically involved in the reinforcing and subjective effects of alcohol. Their role in alcohol relapse remains unknown. OBJECTIVES Pharmacological approaches were used to probe the role of α5GABAA receptors in alcohol seeking induced by re-exposure to a sweetened alcohol-paired cue, as well as in alcohol + sucrose vs. sucrose self-administration. METHODS For reinstatement studies, rats were trained to self-administer alcohol under a fixed-ratio schedule in which responding was maintained by alcohol + sucrose deliveries and an alcohol-paired stimulus. Sweetened alcohol seeking was extinguished by eliminating solution deliveries and the sweetened alcohol-paired stimulus. During reinstatement tests, animals received pretreatments of an α5GABAA inverse agonist (L-655,708) or an agonist (QH-ii-066) prior to sessions in which presentation of the sweetened alcohol-paired stimulus was restored, but no solution was delivered. For self-administration studies, rats were trained to self-administer alcohol + sucrose or sucrose under a fixed-ratio schedule. Once stable, animals received pretreatments of QH-ii-066, L-655,708, the inverse agonist RY-023, or naltrexone. RESULTS L-655,708 attenuated reinstatement of sweetened alcohol seeking by alcohol + sucrose-paired cues; whereas sweetened alcohol-seeking behavior was augmented by QH-ii-066, albeit at different doses in different rats. Both L-655,708 and RY-023 selectively reduced alcohol + sucrose vs. sucrose self-administration. In contrast, naltrexone reduced both alcohol + sucrose and sucrose self-administration; whereas QH-ii-066 enhanced sucrose self-administration only. CONCLUSIONS α5GABAA receptors play a key role in the modulation of sweetened alcohol cue-induced reinstatement, as well as in alcohol + sucrose but not sucrose self-administration. Inverse agonist activity at α5GABAA receptors may offer a novel strategy for both the reduction of problematic drinking and the prevention of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie M. Chandler
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Jaren Reeves-Darby
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Sherman A. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - J. Abigail McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - Md T. Rahman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211
| | - Donna M. Platt
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216,Correspondence: Donna M. Platt, Ph.D.; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA; phone: 601-984-5896; fax: 601-984-5899;
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Mohamad FH, Has ATC. The α5-Containing GABA A Receptors-a Brief Summary. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:343-351. [PMID: 30607899 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
GABAA receptors are the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the human brain. The receptors are assembled from combination of protein subunits in pentameric complex which may consist of α1-6, β1-3, γ1-3, ρ1-3, δ, ε, θ, or π subunits. There are a theoretical > 150,000 possible assemblies and arrangements of GABAA subunits, although only a few combinations have been found in human with the most dominant consists of 2α1, 2β2, and 1γ2 in a counterclockwise arrangement as seen from the synaptic cleft. The receptors also possess binding sites for various unrelated substances including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and anesthetics. The α5-containing GABAARs only make up ≤ 5% of the entire receptor population, but up to 25% of the receptor subtype is located in the crucial learning and memory-associated area of the brain-the hippocampus, which has ignited myriads of hypotheses and theories in regard to its role. As well as exhibiting synaptic phasic inhibition, the α5-containing receptors are also extrasynaptic and mediate tonic inhibition with continuously occurring smaller amplitude. Studies on negative-allosteric modulators for reducing this tonic inhibition have been shown to enhance learning and memory in neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, Down syndrome, and autism with a possible alternative benzodiazepine binding site. Therefore, a few α5 subunit-specific compounds have been developed to address these pharmacological needs. With its small population, the α5-containing receptors could be the key and also the answer for many untreated cognitive dysfunctions and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin H Mohamad
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kampus Kesihatan, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kampus Kesihatan, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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11
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Anderson KM, Krienen FM, Choi EY, Reinen JM, Yeo BTT, Holmes AJ. Gene expression links functional networks across cortex and striatum. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1428. [PMID: 29651138 PMCID: PMC5897339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is comprised of a complex web of functional networks that link anatomically distinct regions. However, the biological mechanisms supporting network organization remain elusive, particularly across cortical and subcortical territories with vastly divergent cellular and molecular properties. Here, using human and primate brain transcriptional atlases, we demonstrate that spatial patterns of gene expression show strong correspondence with limbic and somato/motor cortico-striatal functional networks. Network-associated expression is consistent across independent human datasets and evolutionarily conserved in non-human primates. Genes preferentially expressed within the limbic network (encompassing nucleus accumbens, orbital/ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and temporal pole) relate to risk for psychiatric illness, chloride channel complexes, and markers of somatostatin neurons. Somato/motor associated genes are enriched for oligodendrocytes and markers of parvalbumin neurons. These analyses indicate that parallel cortico-striatal processing channels possess dissociable genetic signatures that recapitulate distributed functional networks, and nominate molecular mechanisms supporting cortico-striatal circuitry in health and disease. The functional connectivity of brain regions can be reflected in a shared molecular architecture. This cross-modal study demonstrates correspondence of spatial patterns of gene expression to limbic and somato/motor cortico-striatal networks in human and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Fenna M Krienen
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jenna M Reinen
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology and Memory Network Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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12
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Çökmüş FP, Özmen E, Alkin T, Batir MB, Çam FS. Evaluation of serum MicroRNA expression profiles in patients with panic disorder. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1429844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erol Özmen
- Department of Psychiatry, Manisa Celal Bayar University Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Tunç Alkin
- Department of Psychiatry, 9 Eylül University Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Burak Batir
- Department of Medical Genetic, Manisa Celal Bayar University Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Fethi Sırrı Çam
- Department of Medical Genetic, Manisa Celal Bayar University Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
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13
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The GABRB3 Polymorphism and its Association with Schizophrenia. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 64:75-79. [PMID: 29196882 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore whether schizophrenia occurrence is associated with polymorphisms in the 5' regulatory region of GABRB3 (gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor beta 3, subunit gene). The study included 324 patients with schizophrenia and 327 unaffected participants; all individuals were northern Han Chinese. Genotype and haplotype frequency distributions were compared for the 2 groups by means of PCR amplification and direct sequencing of the promoter region of GABRB3. The genotype distribution among control participants was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Five common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites were detected in the 5' promoter region of GABRB3: rs4243768, rs7171660, rs4363842, rs4906902, and rs8179184. Only rs8179184 and rs4906902 differed significantly in frequency between controls and cases (P < 0.05); this difference remained significant when only women in each group were compared. The 2 SNP sites showed linkage disequilibrium, resulting in 2 haplotypes: T-G and C-A. The frequency of C-A was significantly higher among patients with schizophrenia than among controls. Our findings suggest that rs4906902 and rs8179184 in the 5' promoter region of GABRB3 are associated with schizophrenia. The C-A haplotype may entail an increased risk of schizophrenia, and the onset of schizophrenia may be gender-specific.
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14
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Animal toxins for channelopathy treatment. Neuropharmacology 2017; 132:83-97. [PMID: 29080794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that allow passive flow of ions inside and/or outside of cells or cell organelles. Except mutations lead to nonfunctional protein production or abolished receptor entrance on the membrane surface an altered channel may have two principal conditions that can be corrected. The channel may conduct fewer ions through (loss-of-function mutations) or too many ions (gain-of-function mutations) compared to a normal channel. Toxins from animal venoms are specialised molecules that are generally oriented toward interactions with ion channels. This is a result of long coevolution between predators and their prey. On the molecular level, toxins activate or inhibit ion channels, so they are ideal molecules for restoring conductance in mutated channels. Another aspect of this long coevolution is that a broad variety of toxins have been fine tuned to recognize the channels of different species, keeping many amino acids substitution among sequences. Many peptide ligands with high selectivity to specific receptor subtypes have been isolated from animal venoms, some of which are absolutely non-toxic to humans and mammalians. It is expected that molecules that are selective to each known receptor can be found in animal venoms, but the pool of toxins currently does not override all receptors described as being involved in channelopathies. Modern investigating methods have enhanced the search process for selective ligands. One prominent method is a site-directed mutagenesis of existing toxins to change the selectivity or/and affinity to the selected receptor, which has shown positive results. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Channelopathies.'
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15
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Paradoxical antidepressant effects of alcohol are related to acid sphingomyelinase and its control of sphingolipid homeostasis. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:463-483. [PMID: 28000031 PMCID: PMC5325869 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is a widely consumed drug that can lead to addiction and severe brain damage. However, alcohol is also used as self-medication for psychiatric problems, such as depression, frequently resulting in depression-alcoholism comorbidity. Here, we identify the first molecular mechanism for alcohol use with the goal to self-medicate and ameliorate the behavioral symptoms of a genetically induced innate depression. An induced over-expression of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), as was observed in depressed patients, enhanced the consumption of alcohol in a mouse model of depression. ASM hyperactivity facilitates the establishment of the conditioned behavioral effects of alcohol, and thus drug memories. Opposite effects on drinking and alcohol reward learning were observed in animals with reduced ASM function. Importantly, free-choice alcohol drinking—but not forced alcohol exposure—reduces depression-like behavior selectively in depressed animals through the normalization of brain ASM activity. No such effects were observed in normal mice. ASM hyperactivity caused sphingolipid and subsequent monoamine transmitter hypo-activity in the brain. Free-choice alcohol drinking restores nucleus accumbens sphingolipid- and monoamine homeostasis selectively in depressed mice. A gene expression analysis suggested strong control of ASM on the expression of genes related to the regulation of pH, ion transmembrane transport, behavioral fear response, neuroprotection and neuropeptide signaling pathways. These findings suggest that the paradoxical antidepressant effects of alcohol in depressed organisms are mediated by ASM and its control of sphingolipid homeostasis. Both emerge as a new treatment target specifically for depression-induced alcoholism.
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16
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Li WX, Dai SX, Liu JQ, Wang Q, Li GH, Huang JF. Integrated Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease and Schizophrenia Dataset Revealed Different Expression Pattern in Learning and Memory. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:417-25. [PMID: 26890750 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are both accompanied by impaired learning and memory functions. This study aims to explore the expression profiles of learning or memory genes between AD and SZ. We downloaded 10 AD and 10 SZ datasets from GEO-NCBI for integrated analysis. These datasets were processed using RMA algorithm and a global renormalization for all studies. Then Empirical Bayes algorithm was used to find the differentially expressed genes between patients and controls. The results showed that most of the differentially expressed genes were related to AD whereas the gene expression profile was little affected in the SZ. Furthermore, in the aspects of the number of differentially expressed genes, the fold change and the brain region, there was a great difference in the expression of learning or memory related genes between AD and SZ. In AD, the CALB1, GABRA5, and TAC1 were significantly downregulated in whole brain, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and hippocampus. However, in SZ, only two genes CRHBP and CX3CR1 were downregulated in hippocampus, and other brain regions were not affected. The effect of these genes on learning or memory impairment has been widely studied. It was suggested that these genes may play a crucial role in AD or SZ pathogenesis. The different gene expression patterns between AD and SZ on learning and memory functions in different brain regions revealed in our study may help to understand the different mechanism between two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xing Li
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shao-Xing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia-Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gong-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing-Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Models and Drug Development, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Natural Products and Biological Drugs of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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17
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Levinthal DJ. The Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Threshold: A Framework for Understanding Pathogenesis and Predicting Successful Treatments. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2016; 7:e198. [PMID: 27787513 PMCID: PMC5288589 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2016.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is an uncommon, idiopathic disorder defined by recurrent, sudden-onset attacks of repetitive retching and vomiting that are separated by symptom-free intervals. CVS was long regarded as a disorder primarily experienced by children but is now known to present de novo in adulthood. Adult CVS has garnered more research attention over the past 20 years, and these efforts have identified some acute and prophylactic treatments for this disorder. However, CVS still lacks a unifying disease model, and this has hindered the development of new therapies. Here adult CVS is reframed as a neurogenic disorder, driven by various endophenotypic factors that shape patterns of activity within the neural circuits required for disease expression. The concept of the "CVS threshold" is put forth in parallel with exploring the remarkable similarity of adult CVS with features of chronic migraine, epilepsy, and panic disorder. Because of such shared neural mechanisms and overlapping endophenotypes, many therapies that have been developed for these other disorders could also be useful in managing CVS. This review seeks to achieve three primary aims: (1) to develop a comprehensive, explanatory framework for adult CVS pathogenesis, (2) to use this framework for identifying potentially novel therapies for CVS, and (3) to describe future research directions that are needed to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Levinthal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
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18
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Chen CP, Lin SP, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen YN, Chen SW, Lee CC, Town DD, Yang CW, Wang W. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of an inv dup(15) chromosome presenting as a small supernumerary marker chromosome associated with the inv dup(15) syndrome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 55:728-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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19
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Bandelow B, Baldwin D, Abelli M, Altamura C, Dell'Osso B, Domschke K, Fineberg NA, Grünblatt E, Jarema M, Maron E, Nutt D, Pini S, Vaghi MM, Wichniak A, Zai G, Riederer P. Biological markers for anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD - a consensus statement. Part I: Neuroimaging and genetics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:321-65. [PMID: 27403679 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1181783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biomarkers are defined as anatomical, biochemical or physiological traits that are specific to certain disorders or syndromes. The objective of this paper is to summarise the current knowledge of biomarkers for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS Findings in biomarker research were reviewed by a task force of international experts in the field, consisting of members of the World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry Task Force on Biological Markers and of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Anxiety Disorders Research Network. RESULTS The present article (Part I) summarises findings on potential biomarkers in neuroimaging studies, including structural brain morphology, functional magnetic resonance imaging and techniques for measuring metabolic changes, including positron emission tomography and others. Furthermore, this review reports on the clinical and molecular genetic findings of family, twin, linkage, association and genome-wide association studies. Part II of the review focuses on neurochemistry, neurophysiology and neurocognition. CONCLUSIONS Although at present, none of the putative biomarkers is sufficient and specific as a diagnostic tool, an abundance of high-quality research has accumulated that will improve our understanding of the neurobiological causes of anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borwin Bandelow
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Göttingen , Germany
| | - David Baldwin
- b Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Marianna Abelli
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Carlo Altamura
- d Department of Psychiatry , University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- d Department of Psychiatry , University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Katharina Domschke
- e Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University of Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Naomi A Fineberg
- f Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust and University of Hertfordshire , Rosanne House, Parkway , Welwyn Garden City , UK
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- e Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University of Wuerzburg , Germany ;,g Neuroscience Center Zurich , University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland ;,h Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland ;,i Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology , University of Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Marek Jarema
- j Third Department of Psychiatry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warszawa , Poland
| | - Eduard Maron
- k North Estonia Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry , Tallinn , Estonia ;,l Department of Psychiatry , University of Tartu , Estonia ;,m Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences , Imperial College London , UK
| | - David Nutt
- m Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences , Imperial College London , UK
| | - Stefano Pini
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa , Italy
| | - Matilde M Vaghi
- n Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute , University of Cambridge , UK
| | - Adam Wichniak
- j Third Department of Psychiatry , Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warszawa , Poland
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- n Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute , University of Cambridge , UK ;,o Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health , Toronto , Canada ;,p Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre , Toronto , Canada ;,q Institute of Medical Science and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Peter Riederer
- e Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy , University of Wuerzburg , Germany ;,g Neuroscience Center Zurich , University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland ;,h Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland
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20
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Candidate genes in panic disorder: meta-analyses of 23 common variants in major anxiogenic pathways. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:665-79. [PMID: 26390831 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of molecular genetics approaches in examination of panic disorder (PD) has implicated several variants as potential susceptibility factors for panicogenesis. However, the identification of robust PD susceptibility genes has been complicated by phenotypic diversity, underpowered association studies and ancestry-specific effects. In the present study, we performed a succinct review of case-control association studies published prior to April 2015. Meta-analyses were performed for candidate gene variants examined in at least three studies using the Cochrane Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. Secondary analyses were also performed to assess the influences of sex, agoraphobia co-morbidity and ancestry-specific effects on panicogenesis. Meta-analyses were performed on 23 variants in 20 PD candidate genes. Significant associations after correction for multiple testing were observed for three variants, TMEM132D rs7370927 (T allele: odds ratio (OR)=1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-1.40, P=2.49 × 10(-6)), rs11060369 (CC genotype: OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.53-0.79, P=1.81 × 10(-5)) and COMT rs4680 (Val (G) allele: OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.42, P=2.49 × 10(-5)) in studies with samples of European ancestry. Nominal associations that did not survive correction for multiple testing were observed for NPSR1 rs324891 (T allele: OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.38, P=0.002), TPH1 rs1800532 (AA genotype: OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.14-1.89, P=0.003) and HTR2A rs6313 (T allele: OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.33, P=0.002) in studies with samples of European ancestry and for MAOA-uVNTR in female PD (low-active alleles: OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.38, P=0.004). No significant associations were observed in the secondary analyses considering sex, agoraphobia co-morbidity and studies with samples of Asian ancestry. Although these findings highlight a few associations, PD likely involves genetic variation in a multitude of biological pathways that is diverse among populations. Future studies must incorporate larger sample sizes and genome-wide approaches to further quantify the observed genetic variation among populations and subphenotypes of PD.
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Castellani CA, Melka MG, Gui JL, O'Reilly RL, Singh SM. Integration of DNA sequence and DNA methylation changes in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:433-440. [PMID: 26441003 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with high heritability (80%), extensive genetic heterogeneity, environmental contributions and only 50% concordance in discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins. Discordant MZ twins provide an exceptional opportunity to assess patient specific genome-wide genetic and epigenetic changes that may account for the disease phenotype. A combined analysis of genetic and epigenetic changes on the same twin pairs is expected to provide a more effective approach for two reasons. First, it is now possible to generate relatively reliable complete genome sequences as well as promoter methylation states on an individual level and second, the unaffected twin that originated from the same zygote provides a near perfect genetic match for contrast and comparison. This report deals with the combined analysis of DNA sequence data and methylation data on two pairs of discordant MZ twins that have been clinically followed for over 20 years. Results on Family 1 show that 58 genes differ in DNA sequence as well as promoter methylation in a schizophrenia-affected twin as compared to her healthy co-twin. The corresponding number for family 2 was 13. The two lists are over represented by neuronal genes and include a number of known schizophrenia candidate genes and drug targets. The results argue that changes in multiple genes via co-localized genetic and epigenetic alteration contribute to a liability threshold that is necessary for development of schizophrenia. This novel hypothesis, although logical, remains to be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Castellani
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - M G Melka
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - J L Gui
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - R L O'Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - S M Singh
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
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22
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Abstract
Intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and epilepsy are prime examples of neurodevelopmental disorders that collectively affect a significant percentage of the world population. Recent technological breakthroughs allowed the elucidation of the genetic causes of many of these disorders. As neurodevelopmental disorders are genetically heterogeneous, the development of rational therapy is extremely challenging. Fortunately, many causative genes are interconnected and cluster in specific cellular pathways. Targeting a common node in such a network would allow us to interfere with a series of related neurodevelopmental disorders at once. Here, we argue that the GABAergic system is disturbed in many neurodevelopmental disorders, including fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and Dravet syndrome, and is a key candidate target for therapeutic intervention. Many drugs that modulate the GABAergic system have already been tested in animal models with encouraging outcomes and are readily available for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien Braat
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - R Frank Kooy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
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