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Montalban E, Giralt A, Taing L, Nakamura Y, Pelosi A, Brown M, de Pins B, Valjent E, Martin M, Nairn AC, Greengard P, Flajolet M, Hervé D, Gambardella N, Roussarie JP, Girault JA. Operant Training for Highly Palatable Food Alters Translating Messenger RNA in Nucleus Accumbens D 2 Neurons and Reveals a Modulatory Role of Ncdn. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:926-937. [PMID: 37579933 PMCID: PMC11059129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly palatable food triggers behavioral responses including strong motivation. These effects involve the reward system and dopamine neurons, which modulate neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The molecular mechanisms underlying the long-lasting effects of highly palatable food on feeding behavior are poorly understood. METHODS We studied the effects of 2-week operant conditioning of mice with standard or isocaloric highly palatable food. We investigated the behavioral responses and dendritic spine modifications in the NAc. We compared the translating messenger RNA in NAc neurons identified by the type of dopamine receptors they express, depending on the kind of food and training. We tested the consequences of invalidation of an abundant downregulated gene, Ncdn. RESULTS Operant conditioning for highly palatable food increased motivation for food even in well-fed mice. In wild-type mice, free choice between regular and highly palatable food increased weight compared with access to regular food only. Highly palatable food increased spine density in the NAc. In animals trained for highly palatable food, translating messenger RNAs were modified in NAc neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors, mostly corresponding to striatal projection neurons, but not in neurons expressing D1 receptors. Knockout of Ncdn, an abundant downregulated gene, opposed the conditioning-induced changes in satiety-sensitive feeding behavior and apparent motivation for highly palatable food, suggesting that downregulation may be a compensatory mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the importance of messenger RNA alterations in D2 striatal projection neurons in the NAc in the behavioral consequences of highly palatable food conditioning and suggest a modulatory contribution of Ncdn downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Montalban
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
| | - Albert Giralt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Lieng Taing
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Assunta Pelosi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Mallory Brown
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Benoit de Pins
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
| | - Miquel Martin
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain; Instituto de investigaciones médicas Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angus C Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Marc Flajolet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Denis Hervé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Roussarie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite Mixte de Recherche-S 1270, Paris, France; Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
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Diepenbroek C, Rijnsburger M, van Irsen AAS, Eggels L, Kisner A, Foppen E, Unmehopa UA, Berland C, Dólleman S, Hardonk M, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Faust RP, Wenning R, Maya-Monteiro CM, Kalsbeek A, Aponte Y, Luquet S, Serlie MJM, la Fleur SE. Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens shell controls systemic glucose metabolism via the lateral hypothalamus and hepatic vagal innervation in rodents. Metabolism 2024; 150:155696. [PMID: 37804881 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence demonstrates the role of the striatal dopamine system in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Treatment with dopamine antagonists is associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, while dopamine agonists are used in treatment of type 2 diabetes. The mechanism underlying striatal dopamine effects in glucose metabolism, however is not fully understood. Here, we provide mechanistic insights into the role of nucleus accumbens shell (sNAc) dopaminergic signaling in systemic glucose metabolism. METHODS Endogenous glucose production (EGP), blood glucose and mRNA expression in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in male Wistar rats were measured following infusion of vanoxerine (VNX, dopamine reuptake inhibitor) in the sNAc. Thereafter, we analyzed projections from sNAc Drd1-expressing neurons to LHA using D1-Cre male Long-Evans rats, Cre-dependent viral tracers and fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Brain slice electrophysiology in adult mice was used to study spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents of sNAc Drd1-expressing neurons following VNX application. Finally, we assessed whether GABAergic LHA activity and hepatic vagal innervation were required for the effect of sNAc-VNX on glucose metabolism by combining infusion of sNAc-VNX with LHA-bicuculline, performing vagal recordings and combining infusion of sNAc-VNX with hepatic vagal denervation. RESULTS VNX infusion in the sNAc strongly decreased endogenous glucose production, prevented glucose increases over time, reduced Slc17A6 and Hcrt mRNA in LHA, and increased vagal activity. Furthermore, sNAc Drd1-expressing neurons increased spontaneous firing following VNX application, and viral tracing of sNAc Drd1-expressing neurons revealed direct projections to LHA with on average 67 % of orexin cells directly targeted by sNAc Drd1-expressing neurons. Importantly, the sNAc-VNX-induced effect on glucose metabolism was dependent on GABAergic signaling in the LHA and on intact hepatic vagal innervation. CONCLUSIONS We show that sNAc dopaminergic signaling modulates hepatic glucose metabolism through GABAergic inputs to glutamatergic LHA cells and hepatic vagal innervation. This demonstrates that striatal control of glucose metabolism involves a dopaminergic sNAc-LHA-liver axis and provides a potential explanation for the effects of dopamine agonists and antagonists on glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Diepenbroek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel Rijnsburger
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid A S van Irsen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leslie Eggels
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Kisner
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Unga A Unmehopa
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chloé Berland
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Dólleman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marene Hardonk
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rudolf P Faust
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, UvA, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Wenning
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Clarissa M Maya-Monteiro
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yeka Aponte
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mireille J M Serlie
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Simpson EH, Gallo EF, Balsam PD, Javitch JA, Kellendonk C. How changes in dopamine D2 receptor levels alter striatal circuit function and motivation. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:436-444. [PMID: 34385603 PMCID: PMC8837728 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It was first posited, more than five decades ago, that the etiology of schizophrenia involves overstimulation of dopamine receptors. Since then, advanced clinical research methods, including brain imaging, have refined our understanding of the relationship between striatal dopamine and clinical phenotypes as well as disease trajectory. These studies point to striatal dopamine D2 receptors, the main target for all current antipsychotic medications, as being involved in both positive and negative symptoms. Simultaneously, animal models have been central to investigating causal relationships between striatal dopamine D2 receptors and behavioral phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia. We begin this article by reviewing the circuit, cell-type and subcellular locations of dopamine D2 receptors and their downstream signaling pathways. We then summarize results from several mouse models in which D2 receptor levels were altered in various brain regions, cell-types and developmental periods. Behavioral, electrophysiological and anatomical consequences of these D2 receptor perturbations are reviewed with a selective focus on striatal circuit function and alterations in motivated behavior, a core negative symptom of schizophrenia. These studies show that D2 receptors serve distinct physiological roles in different cell types and at different developmental time points, regulating motivated behaviors in sometimes opposing ways. We conclude by considering the clinical implications of this complex regulation of striatal circuit function by D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor H. Simpson
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Eduardo F. Gallo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458
| | - Peter D. Balsam
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States,Department of Psychology, Barnard College, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027,Department of Psychology, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Review of Changes in the Reinforcing Effects of Alcohol in Weight Loss Surgery Patients. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2021; 23:69. [PMID: 34613467 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-021-01281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The reinforcing effects of alcohol are well documented, and they have been shown to play a role in the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Also well established is the fact that post-weight loss surgery (WLS) patients are at an increased risk for AUDs. In the current manuscript, we review the notion that the reinforcing effects of alcohol may change from before to after WLS and discuss a number of determinants of alcohol reinforcement change in WLS patients. RECENT FINDINGS It has been increasingly well understood that WLS patients are at an increased risk for AUD, but empirical support for the mechanisms that may cause this phenomenon have been lacking. Recently, a model was proposed that offered a number of different potentially causal variables as mechanisms that result in increased risk for AUD in these surgical patients. Change in the extent to which alcohol is reinforcing to WLS patients may be key in determining the likelihood of AUDs in this group. We review a host of biological, psychological, and social variables that ultimately impact how reinforcing alcohol is to WLS patients.
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Holsen LM, Hoge WS, Lennerz BS, Cerit H, Hye T, Moondra P, Goldstein JM, Ebbeling CB, Ludwig DS. Diets Varying in Carbohydrate Content Differentially Alter Brain Activity in Homeostatic and Reward Regions in Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:2465-2476. [PMID: 33852013 PMCID: PMC8349124 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has one of the highest refractory rates of all chronic diseases, in part because weight loss induced by calorie restriction, the first-line treatment for obesity, elicits biological adaptations that promote weight regain. Although acute feeding trials suggest a role for macronutrient composition in modifying brain activity related to hunger and satiety, relevance of these findings to weight-loss maintenance has not been studied. OBJECTIVES We investigated effects of weight-loss maintenance diets varying in macronutrient content on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in brain regions involved in hunger and reward. METHODS In conjunction with a randomized controlled feeding trial, we investigated the effects of weight-loss maintenance diets varying in carbohydrate content [high, 60% of total energy: n = 20; 6 men/14 women; mean age: 32.5 y; mean BMI (in kg/m 2): 27.4; moderate, 40% of total energy: n = 22; 10 men/12 women; mean age: 32.5 y; mean BMI: 29.0; low, 20% of total energy: n = 28; 12 men/16 women; mean age: 33.2 y; mean BMI: 27.7] on rCBF in brain regions involved in hunger and reward preprandial and 4 h postprandial after 14-20 wk on the diets. The primary outcome was rCBF in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) at 4 h postprandial; the secondary outcome was preprandial rCBF in the hypothalamus. RESULTS Consistent with a priori hypothesis, at 4 h postprandial, NAcc rCBF was 43% higher in adults assigned to the high- compared with low-carbohydrate diet {P[family-wise error (FWE)-corrected] < 0.05}. Preprandial hypothalamus rCBF was 41% higher on high-carbohydrate diet [P(FWE-corrected) < 0.001]. Exploratory analyses revealed that elevated rCBF on high-carbohydrate diet was not specific to prandial state: preprandial NAcc rCBF [P(FWE-corrected) < 0.001] and 4 h postprandial rCBF in hypothalamus [P(FWE-corrected) < 0.001]. Insulin secretion predicted differential postprandial activation of the NAcc by diet. CONCLUSIONS We report significant differences in rCBF in adults assigned to diets varying in carbohydrate content for several months, which appear to be partially associated with insulin secretion. These findings suggest that chronic intake of a high-carbohydrate diet may affect brain reward and homeostatic activity in ways that could impede weight-loss maintenance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02300857.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Holsen
- Division of Women's Health and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Scott Hoge
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Belinda S Lennerz
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilâl Cerit
- Division of Women's Health and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taryn Hye
- Division of Women's Health and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Priyanka Moondra
- Division of Women's Health and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill M Goldstein
- Division of Women's Health and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cara B Ebbeling
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David S Ludwig
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Dopamine D2 receptor overexpression in the nucleus accumbens core induces robust weight loss during scheduled fasting selectively in female mice. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3765-3777. [PMID: 31863019 PMCID: PMC7305037 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder observed predominantly in women and girls that is characterized by a low body-mass index, hypophagia, and hyperactivity. Activity-based anorexia (ABA), which refers to the weight loss, hypophagia, and hyperactivity exhibited by rodents exposed to both running wheels and scheduled fasting, provides a model for aspects of AN. Increased dopamine D2/D3 receptor binding in the anteroventral striatum has been reported in AN patients. We virally overexpressed D2Rs on nucleus accumbens core (D2R-OENAc) neurons that endogenously express D2Rs, and tested mice of both sexes in the open field test, ABA paradigm, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IGTT). D2R-OENAc did not alter baseline body weight, but increased locomotor activity in the open field across both sexes. During constant access to food and running wheels, D2R-OENAc mice of both sexes increased food intake and ran more than controls. However, when food was available only 7 h a day, only female D2R-OENAc mice rapidly lost 25% of their initial body weight, reduced food intake, and substantially increased wheel running. Surprisingly, female D2R-OENAc mice also rapidly lost 25% of their initial body weight during scheduled fasting without wheel access and showed no changes in food intake. In contrast, male D2R-OENAc mice maintained body weight during scheduled fasting. D2R-OENAc mice of both sexes also showed glucose intolerance in the IGTT. In conclusion, D2R-OENAc alters glucose metabolism in both sexes but drives robust weight loss only in females during scheduled fasting, implicating metabolic mechanisms in this sexually dimorphic effect.
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Zhang J, Dulawa SC. The Utility of Animal Models for Studying the Metabo-Psychiatric Origins of Anorexia Nervosa. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:711181. [PMID: 34721100 PMCID: PMC8551379 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.711181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder that primarily affects young women and girls, and is characterized by abnormal restrictive feeding and a dangerously low body-mass index. AN has one of the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric disorder, and no approved pharmacological treatments exist. Current psychological and behavioral treatments are largely ineffective, and relapse is common. Relatively little basic research has examined biological mechanisms that underlie AN compared to other major neuropsychiatric disorders. A recent large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) revealed that the genetic architecture of AN has strong metabolic as well as psychiatric origins, suggesting that AN should be reconceptualized as a metabo-psychiatric disorder. Therefore, identifying the metabo-psychiatric mechanisms that contribute to AN may be essential for developing effective treatments. This review focuses on animal models for studying the metabo-psychiatric mechanisms that may contribute to AN, with a focus on the activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm. We also highlight recent work using modern circuit-dissecting neuroscience techniques to uncover metabolic mechanisms that regulate ABA, and encourage further work to ultimately identify novel treatment strategies for AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie C Dulawa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Bouvier ML, Fehsel K, Schmitt A, Meisenzahl-Lechner E, Gaebel W, von Wilmsdorff M. Sex-dependent alterations of dopamine receptor and glucose transporter density in rat hypothalamus under long-term clozapine and haloperidol medication. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01694. [PMID: 32525610 PMCID: PMC7428470 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sex-dependent disturbances of peripheral glucose metabolism are known complications of antipsychotic drug treatment. The influence of long-term clozapine and haloperidol medication on hypothalamus, maintaining aspects of internal body homeostasis, has not yet been completely clarified. METHODS After puberty, male and female Sprague Dawley rats were fed orally with ground pellets containing haloperidol (1 mg/kgBW/day) or clozapine (20 mg/kgBW/day) for 12 weeks. The hypothalamic protein expression of dopamine receptors D2R and D4R, melanocortin receptor MC4R, and glucose transporters Glut1 and Glut3 was examined. Glucose, glycogen, lactate, and pyruvate levels were determined, also malondialdehyde equivalents as markers of oxidative stress. RESULTS D2R expression was increased in the male haloperidol and clozapine group but decreased in females medicated with clozapine. D4R expression was upregulated under clozapine medication. While females showed increased Glut1, Glut3 was elevated in both male and female clozapine-medicated animals. We found no changes of hypothalamic malondialdehyde, glycogen, and MC4R. Hypothalamic lactate was elevated in the female clozapine group. CONCLUSION Clozapine sex-dependently affects the expression of D2R, Glut1, and Glut3. The upregulation of the glucose transporters indicates glucose deprivation in the endothelial cells and consequently in astrocytes and neurons. Increased hypothalamic lactate in females under clozapine points to enhanced glycolysis with a higher glucose demand to produce the required energy. Haloperidol did not change the expression of the glucose transporters and upregulated D2R only in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Bouvier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Fehsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany.,Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eva Meisenzahl-Lechner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina von Wilmsdorff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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9
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Yates JR, Ellis AL, Evans KE, Kappesser JL, Lilly KM, Mbambu P, Sutphin TG. Pair housing, but not using a controlled reinforcer frequency procedure, attenuates the modulatory effect of probability presentation order on amphetamine-induced changes in risky choice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112669. [PMID: 32417278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Probability discounting is often measured with independent schedules. Independent schedules have several limitations, such as confounding preference for one alternative with frequency of reward presentation and generating ceiling/floor effects at certain probabilities. To address this potential caveat, a controlled reinforcer frequency schedule can be used, in which the manipulandum that leads to reinforcement is pseudo-randomly determined before each trial. This schedule ensures subjects receive equal presentations of the small and large magnitude reinforcers across each block of trials. A total of 24 pair-housed and 11 individually housed female Sprague Dawley rats were tested in a controlled reinforcer frequency procedure. For half of the rats, the odds against (OA) receiving the large magnitude reinforcer increased across the session (ascending schedule); the OA decreased across the session for half of the rats (descending schedule). Following training, rats received treatments of amphetamine (AMPH; 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg; s.c.). For pair-housed rats, AMPH (0.5 mg/kg) increased risky choice, regardless of probability presentation order, whereas a higher dose of AMPH (1.0 mg/kg) decreased discriminability of reinforcer magnitude for rats trained on the descending schedule only. For individually housed rats, probability presentation order modulated the effects of AMPH on probability discounting, as AMPH (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg) increased risky choice in rats trained on the ascending schedule but not on the descending schedule. These results show that pair-housing animals, but not using a controlled reinforcer frequency procedure, attenuates the modulatory effects of probability presentation order on drug effects on risky choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Yates
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA.
| | - Alexis L Ellis
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA
| | - Karson E Evans
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA
| | - Joy L Kappesser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA
| | - Kadyn M Lilly
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA
| | - Prodiges Mbambu
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA
| | - Tanner G Sutphin
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, 1 Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY, 41099, USA
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10
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Caravaggio F, Iwata Y, Plitman E, Chavez S, Borlido C, Chung JK, Kim J, Agarwal SM, Gerretsen P, Remington G, Hahn M, Graff-Guerrero A. Reduced insulin sensitivity may be related to less striatal glutamate: An 1H-MRS study in healthy non-obese humans. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:285-296. [PMID: 29269206 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Levels of striatal dopamine (DA) may be positively correlated with levels of striatal glutamate (Glu). While reduced insulin sensitivity (%S) has been associated with reduced striatal DA levels in healthy non-obese persons, whether reduced %S is also associated with reduced striatal Glu levels has not yet been established. Using 1H-MRS, we measured levels of several neurometabolites in the striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of seventeen healthy non-obese persons (9 female, mean age: 28.35 ± 9.53). Insulin sensitivity was estimated for each subject from fasting plasma glucose and insulin using the Homeostasis Model Assessment II. We hypothesized that %S would be positively related with levels of Glu and Glu + glutamine (Glx) in the striatum. Exploratory analyses were also conducted between other fasting markers of metabolic health and neurometabolites measured with 1H-MRS. In the right striatum, %S was positively correlated with levels of Glu (r(15) = .49, p = .04) and Glx (r(15) = .50, p = .04). In the left striatum, there was a trend positive correlation between %S and Glu (r(15) = .46, p = .06), but not Glx levels (r(15) = .20, p = .44). The relationships between %S and striatal Glu levels remained after controlling for age, sex, and BMI (right: r(12) = .73, β = .52, t = 2.55, p = .03; left: (r(12) = .63, β = .53, t = 2.25, p = .04) These preliminary findings suggest that %S may be related to markers of glutamatergic functioning in the striatum of healthy non-obese persons. These findings warrant replication in larger samples and extension into neuropsychiatric populations where altered striatal DA, Glu, and %S are implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Eric Plitman
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Carol Borlido
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Jun Ku Chung
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Julia Kim
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Gary Remington
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 2374 Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
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