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Dujon AM, Ujvari B, Tissot S, Meliani J, Rieu O, Stepanskyy N, Hamede R, Tokolyi J, Nedelcu A, Thomas F. The complex effects of modern oncogenic environments on the fitness, evolution and conservation of wildlife species. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13763. [PMID: 39100750 PMCID: PMC11294924 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that human activities are causing cancer rates to rise in both human and wildlife populations. This is due to the inability of ancestral anti-cancer defences to cope with modern environmental risks. The evolutionary mismatch between modern oncogenic risks and evolved cancer defences has far-reaching effects on various biological aspects at different timeframes, demanding a comprehensive study of the biology and evolutionary ecology of the affected species. Firstly, the increased activation of anti-cancer defences leads to excessive energy expenditure, affecting other biological functions and potentially causing health issues like autoimmune diseases. Secondly, tumorigenesis itself can impact important fitness-related parameters such as competitiveness, predator evasion, resistance to parasites, and dispersal capacity. Thirdly, rising cancer risks can influence the species' life-history traits, often favoring early reproduction to offset fitness costs associated with cancer. However, this strategy has its limits, and it may not ensure the sustainability of the species if cancer risks continue to rise. Lastly, some species may evolve additional anti-cancer defences, with uncertain consequences for their biology and future evolutionary path. In summary, we argue that the effects of increased exposure to cancer-causing substances on wildlife are complex, ranging from immediate responses to long-term evolutionary changes. Understanding these processes, especially in the context of conservation biology, is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine M. Dujon
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoriaAustralia
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Beata Ujvari
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sophie Tissot
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Jordan Meliani
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Océane Rieu
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Nikita Stepanskyy
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Natural SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Jácint Tokolyi
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology, MTA‐DE “Momentum” Ecology, Evolution and Developmental Biology Research GroupUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Aurora Nedelcu
- Department of BiologyUniversity of new BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickCanada
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoriaAustralia
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2
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Chatsirisupachai K, de Magalhães JP. Somatic mutations in human ageing: New insights from DNA sequencing and inherited mutations. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102268. [PMID: 38490496 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of somatic mutations is a driver of cancer and has long been associated with ageing. Due to limitations in quantifying mutation burden with age in non-cancerous tissues, the impact of somatic mutations in other ageing phenotypes is unclear. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies have allowed the large-scale quantification of somatic mutations in ageing tissues. These studies have revealed a gradual accumulation of mutations in normal tissues with age as well as a substantial clonal expansion driven mostly by cancer-related mutations. Nevertheless, it is difficult to envision how the burden and stochastic nature of age-related somatic mutations identified so far can explain most ageing phenotypes that develop gradually. Studies across species have also found that longer-lived species have lower somatic mutation rates, though these could be due to selective pressures acting on other phenotypes such as perhaps cancer. Recent studies in patients with higher somatic mutation burden and no signs of accelerated ageing further question the role of somatic mutations in ageing. Overall, with a few exceptions like cancer, recent DNA sequencing studies and inherited mutations do not support the idea that somatic mutations accumulating with age drive ageing phenotypes, and the phenotypic role, if any, of somatic mutations in ageing remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasit Chatsirisupachai
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, UK.
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3
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Thomas F, Ujvari B, Dujon AM. [Evolution of cancer resistance in the animal kingdom]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:343-350. [PMID: 38651959 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2024038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an inevitable collateral problem inherent in the evolution of multicellular organisms, which appeared at the end of the Precambrian. Faced to this constraint, a range of diverse anticancer defenses has evolved across the animal kingdom. Today, investigating how animal organisms, especially those of large size and long lifespan, manage cancer-related issues has both fundamental and applied outcomes, as it could inspire strategies for preventing or treating human cancers. In this article, we begin by presenting the conceptual framework for understanding evolutionary theories regarding the development of anti-cancer defenses. We then present a number of examples that have been extensively studied in recent years, including naked mole rats, elephants, whales, placozoa, xenarthras (such as sloths, armadillos and anteaters) and bats. The contributions of comparative genomics to understanding evolutionary convergences are also discussed. Finally, we emphasize that natural selection has also favored anti-cancer adaptations aimed at avoiding mutagenic environments, for example by maximizing immediate reproductive efforts in the event of cancer. Exploring these adaptive solutions holds promise for identifying novel approaches to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Thomas
- Centre de recherches écologiques et évolutives sur le cancer (CREEC/CANECEV, CREES), MIVEGEC, IRD 224, CNRS UMR5290, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australie
| | - Antoine M Dujon
- Centre de recherches écologiques et évolutives sur le cancer (CREEC/CANECEV, CREES), MIVEGEC, IRD 224, CNRS UMR5290, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France - Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australie
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4
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Li S, Vazquez JM, Sudmant PH. The evolution of aging and lifespan. Trends Genet 2023; 39:830-843. [PMID: 37714733 PMCID: PMC11147682 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a nearly inescapable trait among organisms yet lifespan varies tremendously across different species and spans several orders of magnitude in vertebrates alone. This vast phenotypic diversity is driven by distinct evolutionary trajectories and tradeoffs that are reflected in patterns of diversification and constraint in organismal genomes. Age-specific impacts of selection also shape allele frequencies in populations, thus impacting disease susceptibility and environment-specific mortality risk. Further, the mutational processes that spawn this genetic diversity in both germline and somatic cells are strongly influenced by age and life history. We discuss recent advances in our understanding of the evolution of aging and lifespan at organismal, population, and cellular scales, and highlight outstanding questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Li
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA. USA
| | - Juan Manuel Vazquez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA. USA.
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5
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Suárez-Menéndez M, Bérubé M, Furni F, Rivera-León VE, Heide-Jørgensen MP, Larsen F, Sears R, Ramp C, Eriksson BK, Etienne RS, Robbins J, Palsbøll PJ. Wild pedigrees inform mutation rates and historic abundance in baleen whales. Science 2023; 381:990-995. [PMID: 37651509 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Phylogeny-based estimates suggesting a low germline mutation rate (μ) in baleen whales have influenced research ranging from assessments of whaling impacts to evolutionary cancer biology. We estimated μ directly from pedigrees in four baleen whale species for both the mitochondrial control region and nuclear genome. The results suggest values higher than those obtained through phylogeny-based estimates and similar to pedigree-based values for primates and toothed whales. Applying our estimate of μ reduces previous genetic-based estimates of preexploitation whale abundance by 86% and suggests that μ cannot explain low cancer rates in gigantic mammals. Our study shows that it is feasible to estimate μ directly from pedigrees in natural populations, with wide-ranging implications for ecological and evolutionary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Suárez-Menéndez
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martine Bérubé
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA, USA
| | - Fabrício Furni
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vania E Rivera-León
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Finn Larsen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Richard Sears
- Mingan Island Cetacean Study Inc., St. Lambert, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Ramp
- Mingan Island Cetacean Study Inc., St. Lambert, Quebec, Canada
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Britas Klemens Eriksson
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rampal S Etienne
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Per J Palsbøll
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA, USA
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6
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Wang Q, Qin Y, Li B. CD8 + T cell exhaustion and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 559:216043. [PMID: 36584935 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of most malignant tumors, and CD8+ T cells are the most important antitumor effector cells in the process of immunotherapy, and their number and functional status largely determine the antitumor effect. However, under continuous antigen exposure and the stimulation of inflammatory factors, CD8+ T cells gradually show a weakened proliferation and effector function, accompanied by the expression of a variety of inhibitory receptors. This state is known as CD8+ T cell "exhaustion" and often leads to the loss of control and progression of tumors. Recent studies provided us a better understanding of the mechanisms of T cell exhaustion, this review provides an overview of the activation, exhaustion mechanisms and exhaustion characteristics of CD8+ T cells. Although immunotherapy can reverse the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells and significantly improve the antitumor effects, single immunotherapy often has limitations, and it is difficult to achieve satisfactory antitumor effects, therefore, this review also summarizes up-to-date information related to cancer immunotherapy, and these emerging insights provide promising clues to the future management of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingda Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Medical School, Chengdu, China.
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7
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Liao G, Tang J, Bai J. Early development of esophageal squamous cell cancer: Stem cells, cellular origins and early clone evolution. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216047. [PMID: 36587837 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a highly malignant cancer with poor prognosis, is an example of the classical view of cancer development based on stem cell origin and multistep progression. In the past five years, the applications of large-scale sequencing and single-cell sequencing have expanded to human esophageal normal tissues and precancerous lesions, which, coupled with the application of transgenic lineage tracing technology in mouse models, has provided a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of esophageal stem cell heterogeneity and early clonal evolution of ESCC. In this review, we discuss the heterogeneity of esophageal basal-layer stem cells and their potential relationship with cells of ESCC origin. We present evidence that expansion of NOTCH1 mutants may call into play an evolutionarily conserved anti-cancer mechanism and mold the model of early clonal evolution in ESCCs. Finally, we discuss the potential avenues in this context. This review provides a focused understanding of the early development of ESCC, as a background for early tumor detection, intervention, and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Unit, Hefei, 230000, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 901 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Unit, Hefei, 230000, China.
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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8
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Trivedi DD, Dalai SK, Bakshi SR. The Mystery of Cancer Resistance: A Revelation Within Nature. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:133-155. [PMID: 36693985 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, a disease due to uncontrolled cell proliferation is as ancient as multicellular organisms. A 255-million-years-old fossilized forerunner mammal gorgonopsian is probably the oldest evidence of cancer, to date. Cancer seems to have evolved by adapting to the microenvironment occupied by immune sentinel, modulating the cellular behavior from cytotoxic to regulatory, acquiring resistance to chemotherapy and surviving hypoxia. The interaction of genes with environmental carcinogens is central to cancer onset, seen as a spectrum of cancer susceptibility among human population. Cancer occurs in life forms other than human also, although their exposure to environmental carcinogens can be different. Role of genetic etiology in cancer in multiple species can be interesting with regard to not only cancer susceptibility, but also genetic conservation and adaptation in speciation. The widely used model organisms for cancer research are mouse and rat which are short-lived and reproduce rapidly. Research in these cancer prone animal models has been valuable as these have led to cancer therapy. However, another rewarding area of cancer research can be the cancer-resistant animal species. The Peto's paradox and G-value paradox are evident when natural cancer resistance is observed in large mammals, like elephant and whale, small rodents viz. Naked Mole Rat and Blind Mole Rat, and Bat. The cancer resistance remains to be explored in other small or large and long-living animals like giraffe, camel, rhinoceros, water buffalo, Indian bison, Shire horse, polar bear, manatee, elephant seal, walrus, hippopotamus, turtle and tortoise, sloth, and squirrel. Indeed, understanding the molecular mechanisms of avoiding neoplastic transformation across various life forms can be potentially having translational value for human cancer management. Adapted and Modified from (Hanahan and Weinberg 2011).
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9
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Evo-devo perspectives on cancer. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:797-815. [PMID: 36250956 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The integration of evolutionary and developmental approaches into the field of evolutionary developmental biology has opened new areas of inquiry- from understanding the evolution of development and its underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms to addressing the role of development in evolution. For the last several decades, the terms 'evolution' and 'development' have been increasingly linked to cancer, in many different frameworks and contexts. This mini-review, as part of a special issue on Evolutionary Developmental Biology, discusses the main areas in cancer research that have been addressed through the lenses of both evolutionary and developmental biology, though not always fully or explicitly integrated in an evo-devo framework. First, it briefly introduces the current views on carcinogenesis that invoke evolutionary and/or developmental perspectives. Then, it discusses the main mechanisms proposed to have specifically evolved to suppress cancer during the evolution of multicellularity. Lastly, it considers whether the evolution of multicellularity and development was shaped by the threat of cancer (a cancer-evo-devo perspective), and/or whether the evolution of developmental programs and life history traits can shape cancer resistance/risk in various lineages (an evo-devo-cancer perspective). A proper evolutionary developmental framework for cancer, both as a disease and in terms of its natural history (in the context of the evolution of multicellularity and development as well as life history traits), could bridge the currently disparate evolutionary and developmental perspectives and uncover aspects that will provide new insights for cancer prevention and treatment.
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10
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Ma C, Li C, Ma H, Yu D, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Su T, Wu J, Wang X, Zhang L, Chen CL, Zhang YE. Pan-cancer surveys indicate cell cycle-related roles of primate-specific genes in tumors and embryonic cerebrum. Genome Biol 2022; 23:251. [PMID: 36474250 PMCID: PMC9724437 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite having been extensively studied, it remains largely unclear why humans bear a particularly high risk of cancer. The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis predicts that primate-specific genes (PSGs) tend to promote tumorigenesis, while the molecular atavism hypothesis predicts that PSGs involved in tumors may represent recently derived duplicates of unicellular genes. However, these predictions have not been tested. RESULTS By taking advantage of pan-cancer genomic data, we find the upregulation of PSGs across 13 cancer types, which is facilitated by copy-number gain and promoter hypomethylation. Meta-analyses indicate that upregulated PSGs (uPSGs) tend to promote tumorigenesis and to play cell cycle-related roles. The cell cycle-related uPSGs predominantly represent derived duplicates of unicellular genes. We prioritize 15 uPSGs and perform an in-depth analysis of one unicellular gene-derived duplicate involved in the cell cycle, DDX11. Genome-wide screening data and knockdown experiments demonstrate that DDX11 is broadly essential across cancer cell lines. Importantly, non-neutral amino acid substitution patterns and increased expression indicate that DDX11 has been under positive selection. Finally, we find that cell cycle-related uPSGs are also preferentially upregulated in the highly proliferative embryonic cerebrum. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with the predictions of the atavism and antagonistic pleiotropy hypotheses, primate-specific genes, especially those PSGs derived from cell cycle-related genes that emerged in unicellular ancestors, contribute to the early proliferation of the human cerebrum at the cost of hitchhiking by similarly highly proliferative cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Ma
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution & State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Chunyan Li
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211School of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Huijing Ma
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution & State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Daqi Yu
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution & State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution & State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China ,grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XSchool of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Dan Zhang
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution & State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Tianhan Su
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution & State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Center for Cancer Bioinformatics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- grid.510934.a0000 0005 0398 4153Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- grid.462584.90000 0004 0367 1475Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3244, Dynamics of Genetic Information, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yong E. Zhang
- grid.458458.00000 0004 1792 6416Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution & State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China ,grid.510934.a0000 0005 0398 4153Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
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Bhowmik KK, Barek MA, Aziz MA, Islam MS. Susceptibility of TNFAIP8, TNFAIP8L1, and TNFAIP2 Gene Polymorphisms on Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221123109. [PMID: 36254562 PMCID: PMC9580160 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The TNFAIP8 gene family and TNFAIP2 gene are inextricably linked to an elevated risk of cancer development. This systemic review and meta-analysis seeks to establish the relationship between TNFAIP8 (rs11064, rs1045241, rs1045242, and rs3813308), TNFAIP8L1 (rs1060555), and TNFAIP2 (rs710100 and rs8126) polymorphisms with the risk of cancer. Methods and Materials: A systematic search of multiple databases from January 2022 to April 2022 was used to identify relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% CI and p-value were calculated to assess the association. Bonferroni correction was performed to correct p-values. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) and in-silico messenger RNA expression were also performed. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for performing this meta-analysis. Results: This study comprised 6909 cancer patients and 7087 healthy participants from 14 studies. Four genetic models of rs11064 (codominant 2 [COD2]: OR = 2.30, p = 7.83 × 10-5; codominant 3 [COD3]: OR = 2.10, p = .0006; recessive model [RM]: OR = 2.24, p = .0001; AC: OR = 1.47, p = .037), two genetic models of rs1045241 (codominant 1 [COD1]: OR = 1.27, p = .009; overdominant model [ODM]: OR = 1.24, p = .018), four genetic models of rs1045242 (COD1: OR = 1.52, p = .005; dominant model (DM): OR = 1.56, p = .002; OD: OR = 1.48, p = .008; AC: OR = 1.48, p = .002), and three genetic models of rs8126 (COD2: OR = 1.41, p = .0005; COD3: OR = 1.44, p = .0002; RM: OR = 1.43, p = .0001) were statistically linked to cancer risk. Only one genetic model of rs1060555 polymorphism showed a significant protective association with cancer (COD2: OR = 0.80, p = .048). The outcomes of TSA also validated the findings of the meta-analysis. Conclusion: This study summarizes that rs11064, rs1045241, and rs1045242 polymorphisms of TNFAIP8 gene and rs8126 polymorphism of TNFAIP2 gene are significantly linked with the risk of cancer development. This meta-analysis was registered at INPLASY (registration number: INPLASY202270073).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khokon Kanti Bhowmik
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Barek
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
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12
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Zou J, Qin W. Comprehensive analysis of the cancer driver genes constructs a seven-gene signature for prediction of survival and tumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:937948. [PMID: 36017503 PMCID: PMC9395598 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.937948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant and heterogeneous tumor with poor prognosis. Cancer driver genes (CDGs) play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of HCC. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the expression, mutation, and prognostic significance of 568 CDGs in HCC. A prognostic risk model was constructed based on seven CDGs (CDKN2C, HRAS, IRAK1, LOX, MYCN, NRAS, and PABPC1) and verified to be an independent prognostic factor in both TCGA and ICGC cohorts. The low-score group, which showed better prognosis, had a high proportion of CD8+ T cells and elevated expression of interferon-related signaling pathways. Additionally, we constructed a nomogram to extend the clinical applicability of the prognostic model, which exhibits excellent predictive accuracy for survival. Our study showed the important role of CDGs in HCC and provides a novel prognostic indicator for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Wan Qin,
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13
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Dujon AM, Boutry J, Tissot S, Lemaître JF, Boddy AM, Gérard AL, Alvergne A, Arnal A, Vincze O, Nicolas D, Giraudeau M, Telonis-Scott M, Schultz A, Pujol P, Biro PA, Beckmann C, Hamede R, Roche B, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Cancer Susceptibility as a Cost of Reproduction and Contributor to Life History Evolution. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.861103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is one of the most energetically demanding life-history stages. As a result, breeding individuals often experience trade-offs, where energy is diverted away from maintenance (cell repair, immune function) toward reproduction. While it is increasingly acknowledged that oncogenic processes are omnipresent, evolving and opportunistic entities in the bodies of metazoans, the associations among reproductive activities, energy expenditure, and the dynamics of malignant cells have rarely been studied. Here, we review the diverse ways in which age-specific reproductive performance (e.g., reproductive aging patterns) and cancer risks throughout the life course may be linked via trade-offs or other mechanisms, as well as discuss situations where trade-offs may not exist. We argue that the interactions between host–oncogenic processes should play a significant role in life-history theory, and suggest some avenues for future research.
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14
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Gouzerh F, Buatois B, Hervé MR, Mancini M, Maraver A, Dormont L, Thomas F, Ganem G. Odours of cancerous mouse congeners: detection and attractiveness. Biol Open 2022; 11:275010. [PMID: 35403195 PMCID: PMC9065363 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical communication plays a major role in social interactions. Cancer, by inducing changes in body odours, may alter interactions between individuals. In the framework of research targeting non-invasive methods to detect early stages of cancer development, this study asked whether untrained mice could detect odour changes in cancerous congeners. If yes, were they able to detect cancer at an early developmental stage? Did it influence female preference? Did variations in volatile organic components of the odour source paralleled mice behavioural responses? We used transgenic mice strains developing or not lung cancer upon antibiotic ingestion. We sampled soiled bedding of cancerous mice (CC) and not cancerous mice (NC), at three experimental conditions: before (T0), early stage (T2) and late stage (T12) of cancer development. Habituation/generalisation and two-way preference tests were performed where soiled beddings of CC and NC mice were presented to wild-derived mice. The composition and relative concentration of volatile organic components (VOC) in the two stimuli types were analysed. Females did not show directional preference at any of the experimental conditions, suggesting that cancer did not influence their choice behaviour. Males did not discriminate between CC and NC stimuli at T0 but did so at T2 and T12, indicating that wild-derived mice could detect cancer at an early stage of development. Finally, although the VOC bouquet differed between CC and NC it did not seem to parallel the observed behavioural response suggesting that other types of odorant components might be involved in behavioural discrimination between CC and NC mice. Summary: Male mice could discriminate the smell of cancerous congeners even when the tumour was hardly detectable by other means; however, females did not discriminate against the smell of males carrying cancerous tumours. Odorant molecules other than volatile organic compounds analysed here might explain the observed behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Gouzerh
- CREEC/ MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Buatois
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Maxime R Hervé
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Dormont
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/ MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guila Ganem
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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15
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Vincze O, Colchero F, Lemaître JF, Conde DA, Pavard S, Bieuville M, Urrutia AO, Ujvari B, Boddy AM, Maley CC, Thomas F, Giraudeau M. Cancer risk across mammals. Nature 2022; 601:263-267. [PMID: 34937938 PMCID: PMC8755536 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a ubiquitous disease of metazoans, predicted to disproportionately affect larger, long-lived organisms owing to their greater number of cell divisions, and thus increased probability of somatic mutations1,2. While elevated cancer risk with larger body size and/or longevity has been documented within species3-5, Peto's paradox indicates the apparent lack of such an association among taxa6. Yet, unequivocal empirical evidence for Peto's paradox is lacking, stemming from the difficulty of estimating cancer risk in non-model species. Here we build and analyse a database on cancer-related mortality using data on adult zoo mammals (110,148 individuals, 191 species) and map age-controlled cancer mortality to the mammalian tree of life. We demonstrate the universality and high frequency of oncogenic phenomena in mammals and reveal substantial differences in cancer mortality across major mammalian orders. We show that the phylogenetic distribution of cancer mortality is associated with diet, with carnivorous mammals (especially mammal-consuming ones) facing the highest cancer-related mortality. Moreover, we provide unequivocal evidence for the body size and longevity components of Peto's paradox by showing that cancer mortality risk is largely independent of both body mass and adult life expectancy across species. These results highlight the key role of life-history evolution in shaping cancer resistance and provide major advancements in the quest for natural anticancer defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Vincze
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France.
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Debrecen, Hungary.
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Fernando Colchero
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, Bloomington, MN, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Lemaître
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS,UMR5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dalia A Conde
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Species360 Conservation Science Alliance, Bloomington, MN, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Bieuville
- Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France
| | - Araxi O Urrutia
- Instituto de Ecologia, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy M Boddy
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Carlo C Maley
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
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16
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Blaszczak W, Swietach P. What do cellular responses to acidity tell us about cancer? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1159-1176. [PMID: 34850320 PMCID: PMC8825410 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The notion that invasive cancer is a product of somatic evolution is a well-established theory that can be modelled mathematically and demonstrated empirically from therapeutic responses. Somatic evolution is by no means deterministic, and ample opportunities exist to steer its trajectory towards cancer cell extinction. One such strategy is to alter the chemical microenvironment shared between host and cancer cells in a way that no longer favours the latter. Ever since the first description of the Warburg effect, acidosis has been recognised as a key chemical signature of the tumour microenvironment. Recent findings have suggested that responses to acidosis, arising through a process of selection and adaptation, give cancer cells a competitive advantage over the host. A surge of research efforts has attempted to understand the basis of this advantage and seek ways of exploiting it therapeutically. Here, we review key findings and place these in the context of a mathematical framework. Looking ahead, we highlight areas relating to cellular adaptation, selection, and heterogeneity that merit more research efforts in order to close in on the goal of exploiting tumour acidity in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Blaszczak
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, England
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, England.
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17
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Glaberman S, Bulls SE, Vazquez JM, Chiari Y, Lynch VJ. Concurrent evolution of anti-aging gene duplications and cellular phenotypes in long-lived turtles. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6430984. [PMID: 34792580 PMCID: PMC8688777 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many costs associated with increased body size and longevity in animals, including the accumulation of genotoxic and cytotoxic damage that comes with having more cells and living longer. Yet, some species have overcome these barriers and have evolved remarkably large body sizes and long lifespans, sometimes within a narrow window of evolutionary time. Here, we demonstrate through phylogenetic comparative analysis that multiple turtle lineages, including Galapagos giant tortoises, concurrently evolved large bodies, long lifespans, and reduced cancer risk. We also show through comparative genomic analysis that Galapagos giant tortoises have gene duplications related to longevity and tumor suppression. To examine the molecular basis underlying increased body size and lifespan in turtles, we treated cell lines from multiple species, including Galapagos giant tortoises, with drugs that induce different types of cytotoxic stress. Our results indicate that turtle cells, in general, are resistant to oxidative stress related to aging, whereas Galapagos giant tortoise cells, specifically, are sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum stress, which may give this species an ability to mitigate the effects of cellular stress associated with increased body size and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Glaberman
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | | | - Juan Manuel Vazquez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ylenia Chiari
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Vincent J Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA
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18
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Wolf AM. The tumor suppression theory of aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111583. [PMID: 34637937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite continued increases in human life expectancy, the factors determining the rate of human biological aging remain unknown. Without understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying aging, efforts to prevent aging are unlikely to succeed. The tumor suppression theory of aging introduced here proposes somatic mutation as the proximal cause of aging, but postulates that oncogenic transformation and clonal expansion, not functional impairment, are the relevant consequences of somatic mutation. Obesity and caloric restriction accelerate and decelerate aging due to their effect on cell proliferation, during which most mutations arise. Most phenotypes of aging are merely tumor-suppressive mechanisms that evolved to limit malignant growth, the dominant age-related cause of death in early and middle life. Cancer limits life span for most long-lived mammals, a phenomenon known as Peto's paradox. Its conservation across species demonstrates that mutation is a fundamental but hard limit on mammalian longevity. Cell senescence and apoptosis and differentiation induced by oncogenes, telomere shortening or DNA damage evolved as a second line of defense to limit the tumorigenic potential of clonally expanding cells, but accumulating senescent cells, senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and stem cell exhaustion eventually cause tissue dysfunction and the majority, if not most, phenotypes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Wolf
- Laboratory for Morphological and Biomolecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi 1-1-5, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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The evolution of multicellularity and cancer: views and paradigms. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1505-1518. [PMID: 32677677 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Conceptually and mechanistically, the evolution of multicellularity required the integration of single cells into new functionally, reproductively and evolutionary stable multicellular individuals. As part of this process, a change in levels of selection occurred, with selection at the multicellular level overriding selection at the cell level. The stability of multicellular individuals is dependent on a combination of mechanisms that supress within-group evolution, by both reducing the occurrence of somatic mutations as well as supressing somatic selection. Nevertheless, mutations that, in a particular microenvironment, confer mutant lineages a fitness advantage relative to normal somatic cells do occur, and can result in cancer. This minireview highlights several views and paradigms that relate the evolution of multicellularity to cancer. As a phenomenon, cancer is generally understood as a failure of multicellular systems to suppress somatic evolution. However, as a disease, cancer is interpreted in different frameworks: (i) a breakdown of cooperative behaviors underlying the evolution of multicellularity, (ii) a disruption of molecular networks established during the emergence of multicellularity to impose constraints on single-celled units, or (iii) an atavistic state resulting from reactivating primitive programs that originated in the earliest unicellular species. A number of assumptions are common in all the views relating cancer as a disease to the evolution of multicellularity. For instance, cancer is considered a reversal to unicellularity, and cancer cells are thought to both resemble unicellular organisms and benefit from ancestral-like traits. Nevertheless, potential limitations of current paradigms should be acknowledged as different perspectives can provide novel insights with potential therapeutic implications.
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20
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Kattner P, Zeiler K, Herbener VJ, Ferla-Brühl KL, Kassubek R, Grunert M, Burster T, Brühl O, Weber AS, Strobel H, Karpel-Massler G, Ott S, Hagedorn A, Tews D, Schulz A, Prasad V, Siegelin MD, Nonnenmacher L, Fischer-Posovszky P, Halatsch ME, Debatin KM, Westhoff MA. What Animal Cancers teach us about Human Biology. Theranostics 2021; 11:6682-6702. [PMID: 34093847 PMCID: PMC8171098 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers in animals present a large, underutilized reservoir of biomedical information with critical implication for human oncology and medicine in general. Discussing two distinct areas of tumour biology in non-human hosts, we highlight the importance of these findings for our current understanding of cancer, before proposing a coordinated strategy to harvest biomedical information from non-human resources and translate it into a clinical setting. First, infectious cancers that can be transmitted as allografts between individual hosts, have been identified in four distinct, unrelated groups, dogs, Tasmanian devils, Syrian hamsters and, surprisingly, marine bivalves. These malignancies might hold the key to improving our understanding of the interaction between tumour cell and immune system and, thus, allow us to devise novel treatment strategies that enhance anti-cancer immunosurveillance, as well as suggesting more effective organ and stem cell transplantation strategies. The existence of these malignancies also highlights the need for increased scrutiny when considering the existence of infectious cancers in humans. Second, it has long been understood that no linear relationship exists between the number of cells within an organism and the cancer incidence rate. To resolve what is known as Peto's Paradox, additional anticancer strategies within different species have to be postulated. These naturally occurring idiosyncrasies to avoid carcinogenesis represent novel potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kattner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Zeiler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena J. Herbener
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Grunert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, German Armed Forces Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Republic
| | - Oliver Brühl
- Laboratorio Analisi Sicilia Catania, Lentini; SR, Italy
| | - Anna Sarah Weber
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hannah Strobel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sibylle Ott
- Animal Research Center, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Vikas Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus D. Siegelin
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Nonnenmacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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21
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Tollis M, Schneider-Utaka AK, Maley CC. The Evolution of Human Cancer Gene Duplications across Mammals. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:2875-2886. [PMID: 32421773 PMCID: PMC7530603 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by genetic alterations that affect cellular fitness, and multicellular organisms have evolved mechanisms to suppress cancer such as cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis. These pathways may be enhanced by the addition of tumor suppressor gene paralogs or deletion of oncogenes. To provide insights to the evolution of cancer suppression across the mammalian radiation, we estimated copy numbers for 548 human tumor suppressor gene and oncogene homologs in 63 mammalian genome assemblies. The naked mole rat contained the most cancer gene copies, consistent with the extremely low rates of cancer found in this species. We found a positive correlation between a species’ cancer gene copy number and its longevity, but not body size, contrary to predictions from Peto’s Paradox. Extremely long-lived mammals also contained more copies of caretaker genes in their genomes, suggesting that the maintenance of genome integrity is an essential form of cancer prevention in long-lived species. We found the strongest association between longevity and copy numbers of genes that are both germline and somatic tumor suppressor genes, suggesting that selection has acted to suppress both hereditary and sporadic cancers. We also found a strong relationship between the number of tumor suppressor genes and the number of oncogenes in mammalian genomes, suggesting that complex regulatory networks mediate the balance between cell proliferation and checks on tumor progression. This study is the first to investigate cancer gene expansions across the mammalian radiation and provides a springboard for potential human therapies based on evolutionary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Tollis
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ.,Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | | | - Carlo C Maley
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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22
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Li M, Xu Y, Liang J, Lin H, Qi X, Li F, Han P, Gao Y, Yang X. USP22 deficiency in melanoma mediates resistance to T cells through IFNγ-JAK1-STAT1 signal axis. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2108-2120. [PMID: 33601053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9)-mediated loss-of-function screens are powerful tools for identifying genes responsible for diverse phenotypes. Here, we perturbed genes in melanoma cells to screen for genes involved in tumor escape from T cell-mediated killing. Multiple interferon gamma (IFNγ) signaling-related genes were enriched in melanoma cells resistant to T cell killing. In addition, deletion of the deubiquitinating protease ubiquitin specific peptidase 22 (USP22) in mouse melanoma (B16-OVA) cells decreased the efficacy of T cell-mediated killing, both in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression enhanced tumor-cell sensitivity to T (OT-I) cell-mediated killing. USP22 deficiency in both mouse and human melanoma cells showed impaired sensitivity to interferon pathway and USP22 was positively correlated with key molecules of interferon pathway in clinical melanoma samples. Mechanistically, USP22 may directly interact with signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), deubiquitinate it, and improve its stability in both human and mouse melanoma cells. Our findings identified a previously unknown function of USP22 and linked the loss of genes in tumor cells that are essential for escaping the effector function of CD8+ T cells during immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqin Xu
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lin
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Qi
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanlin Li
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Han
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanming Yang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Capp JP, Thomas F. This is the theory - Response to Tez on the origins of paediatric cancers (https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202000324). Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100016. [PMID: 33539549 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pascal Capp
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, University of Toulouse, INSA, CNRS, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC (CREES), UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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24
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Vazquez JM, Lynch VJ. Pervasive duplication of tumor suppressors in Afrotherians during the evolution of large bodies and reduced cancer risk. eLife 2021; 10:e65041. [PMID: 33513090 PMCID: PMC7952090 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing cancer is correlated with body size and lifespan within species. Between species, however, there is no correlation between cancer and either body size or lifespan, indicating that large, long-lived species have evolved enhanced cancer protection mechanisms. Elephants and their relatives (Proboscideans) are a particularly interesting lineage for the exploration of mechanisms underlying the evolution of augmented cancer resistance because they evolved large bodies recently within a clade of smaller-bodied species (Afrotherians). Here, we explore the contribution of gene duplication to body size and cancer risk in Afrotherians. Unexpectedly, we found that tumor suppressor duplication was pervasive in Afrotherian genomes, rather than restricted to Proboscideans. Proboscideans, however, have duplicates in unique pathways that may underlie some aspects of their remarkable anti-cancer cell biology. These data suggest that duplication of tumor suppressor genes facilitated the evolution of increased body size by compensating for decreasing intrinsic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Vazquez
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Vincent J Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at BuffaloBuffaloUnited States
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25
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Kang Y, Jin Y, Li Q, Yuan X. Advances in Lung Cancer Driver Genes Associated With Brain Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606300. [PMID: 33537237 PMCID: PMC7848146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis, one of the common complications of lung cancer, is an important cause of death in patients with advanced cancer, despite progress in treatment strategies. Lung cancers with positive driver genes have higher incidence and risk of brain metastases, suggesting that driver events associated with these genes might be biomarkers to detect and prevent disease progression. Common lung cancer driver genes mainly encode receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which are important internal signal molecules that interact with external signals. RTKs and their downstream signal pathways are crucial for tumor cell survival, invasion, and colonization in the brain. In addition, new tumor driver genes, which also encode important molecules closely related to the RTK signaling pathway, have been found to be closely related to the brain metastases of lung cancer. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between lung cancer driver genes and brain metastasis, and summarized the mechanism of driver gene-associated pathways in brain metastasis. By understanding the molecular characteristics during brain metastasis, we can better stratify lung cancer patients and alert those at high risk of brain metastasis, which helps to promote individual therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Kang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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26
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Hadi F, Smith ESJ, Khaled WT. Naked Mole-Rats: Resistant to Developing Cancer or Good at Avoiding It? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1319:341-352. [PMID: 34424524 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that cancer is driven by genetic mutations that confer uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor formation. For tumors to take hold and grow, cancer cells evolve mechanisms to favorably shape their microenvironment and avoid being cleared by the immune system. Cancer is not unique to human, but rather affects nearly all multicellular organisms albeit to different degrees. The different degrees of cancer susceptibility across the animal kingdom could be attributed to several factors, which have been the subject of several studies in recent years. The naked mole-rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber), an exceptionally long-lived rodent, which, as discussed in detail in the next section, displays significant cancer resistance with only a small number of animals being reported to exhibit spontaneous neoplasms. The reason why studying cancer resistance in NMRs is of particular interest is that not only are they now an established laboratory species, but that NMRs are mammals and thus there is great potential for translating knowledge about their cancer resistance into preventing and/or treating cancer in humans and companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ewan St J Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Walid T Khaled
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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27
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Hamilton DG, Jones ME, Cameron EZ, Kerlin DH, McCallum H, Storfer A, Hohenlohe PA, Hamede RK. Infectious disease and sickness behaviour: tumour progression affects interaction patterns and social network structure in wild Tasmanian devils. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202454. [PMID: 33290679 PMCID: PMC7739934 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases, including transmissible cancers, can have a broad range of impacts on host behaviour, particularly in the latter stages of disease progression. However, the difficulty of early diagnoses makes the study of behavioural influences of disease in wild animals a challenging task. Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) are affected by a transmissible cancer, devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), in which tumours are externally visible as they progress. Using telemetry and mark-recapture datasets, we quantify the impacts of cancer progression on the behaviour of wild devils by assessing how interaction patterns within the social network of a population change with increasing tumour load. The progression of DFTD negatively influences devils' likelihood of interaction within their network. Infected devils were more active within their network late in the mating season, a pattern with repercussions for DFTD transmission. Our study provides a rare opportunity to quantify and understand the behavioural feedbacks of disease in wildlife and how they may affect transmission and population dynamics in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Hamilton
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia,e-mail:
| | - Menna E. Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Elissa Z. Cameron
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia,School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Douglas H. Kerlin
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Hamish McCallum
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Andrew Storfer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo K. Hamede
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia,CANECEV, Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (CREEC), Montpellier 34090, France,e-mail:
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28
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Vedelek B, Maddali AK, Davenova N, Vedelek V, Boros IM. TERT promoter alterations could provide a solution for Peto's paradox in rodents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20815. [PMID: 33257697 PMCID: PMC7704627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease caused by changes in gene expression resulting from somatic mutations and epigenetic changes. Although the probability of mutations is proportional with cell number and replication cycles, large bodied species do not develop cancer more frequently than smaller ones. This notion is known as Peto's paradox, and assumes stronger tumor suppression in larger animals. One of the possible tumor suppressor mechanisms involved could be replicative senescence caused by telomere shortening in the absence of telomerase activity. We analysed telomerase promoter activity and transcription factor binding in mammals to identify the key element of telomerase gene inactivation. We found that the GABPA transcription factor plays a key role in TERT regulation in somatic cells of small rodents, but its binding site is absent in larger beavers. Protein binding and reporter gene assays verify different use of this site in different species. The presence or absence of the GABPA TF site in TERT promoters of rodents correlates with TERT promoter activity; thus it could determine whether replicative senescence plays a tumor suppressor role in these species, which could be in direct relation with body mass. The GABPA TF binding sites that contribute to TERT activity in somatic cells of rodents are analogous to those mutated in human tumors, which activate telomerase by a non-ALT mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Vedelek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Asha Kiran Maddali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nurgul Davenova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktor Vedelek
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre M Boros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
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Boutry J, Dujon AM, Gerard AL, Tissot S, Macdonald N, Schultz A, Biro PA, Beckmann C, Hamede R, Hamilton DG, Giraudeau M, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Anticancer Adaptations. iScience 2020; 23:101716. [PMID: 33241195 PMCID: PMC7674277 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular cheating leading to cancers exists in all branches of multicellular life, favoring the evolution of adaptations to avoid or suppress malignant progression, and/or to alleviate its fitness consequences. Ecologists have until recently largely neglected the importance of cancer cells for animal ecology, presumably because they did not consider either the potential ecological or evolutionary consequences of anticancer adaptations. Here, we review the diverse ways in which the evolution of anticancer adaptations has significantly constrained several aspects of the evolutionary ecology of multicellular organisms at the cell, individual, population, species, and ecosystem levels and suggest some avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Boutry
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine M. Dujon
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Anne-Lise Gerard
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Tissot
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nick Macdonald
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Aaron Schultz
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Peter A. Biro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - David G. Hamilton
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
Dr Francesca Ciccarelli (The Francis Crick Institute, UK) and Dr James De Gregori (University of Colorado, USA) interview 3 top scientists in clinical (Dr Charles Swanton, The Francis Crick Institute, UK), molecular (Dr Kornelia Polyak, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, USA), and evolutionary cancer research (Dr Carlo Maley, Arizona State University, USA) to discuss the current status of knowledge, the challenges, and the opportunities to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D. Ciccarelli
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, U S A
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31
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Meitern R, Fort J, Giraudeau M, Rattiste K, Sild E, Sepp T. Age-dependent expression of cancer-related genes in a long-lived seabird. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1708-1718. [PMID: 32821278 PMCID: PMC7428815 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of model animals like mice and rats have led to great advances in our understanding of the process of tumorigenesis, but this line of study has less to offer for understanding the mechanisms of cancer resistance. Increasing the diversity of nonmodel species from the perspective of molecular mechanisms of natural cancer resistance can lead to new insights into the evolution of protective mechanisms against neoplastic processes and to a wider understanding of natural cancer defense mechanisms. Such knowledge could then eventually be harnessed for the development of human cancer therapies. We suggest here that seabirds are promising, albeit currently completely ignored candidates for studying cancer defense mechanisms, as they have a longer maximum life span than expected from their body size and rates of energy metabolism and may have thus evolved mechanisms to limit neoplasia progression, especially at older ages. We here apply a novel, intraspecific approach of comparing old and young seabirds for improving our understanding of aging and neoplastic processes in natural settings. We used the long-lived common gulls (Larus canus) for studying the age-related pattern of expression of cancer-related genes, based on transcriptome analysis and databases of orthologues of human cancer genes. The analysis of differently expressed cancer-related genes between young and old gulls indicated that similarly to humans, age is potentially affecting cancer risk in this species. Out of eleven differentially expressed cancer-related genes between the groups, three were likely artifactually linked to cancer. The remaining eight were downregulated in old gulls compared to young ones. The downregulation of five of them could be interpreted as a mechanism suppressing neoplasia risk and three as increasing the risk. Based on these results, we suggest that old gulls differ from young ones both from the aspect of cancer susceptibility and tumor suppression at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Meitern
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs)UMR 7266 CNRS‐La Rochelle UniversitéLa RochelleFrance
| | | | - Kalev Rattiste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | - Elin Sild
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Tuul Sepp
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Solary
- INSERM U1287 Gustave Roussy Cancer Center Villejuif France
- Faculté de Médecine Université Paris‐Saclay Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre France
| | - Lucie Laplane
- INSERM U1287 Gustave Roussy Cancer Center Villejuif France
- CNRS U8590 Institut d'Histoire et Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques Université Paris I Panthéon‐Sorbonne Paris France
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33
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Thomas F, Giraudeau M, Renaud F, Ujvari B, Roche B, Pujol P, Raymond M, Lemaitre JF, Alvergne A. Can postfertile life stages evolve as an anticancer mechanism? PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000565. [PMID: 31805037 PMCID: PMC6917346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Why a postfertile stage has evolved in females of some species has puzzled evolutionary biologists for over 50 years. We propose that existing adaptive explanations have underestimated in their formulation an important parameter operating both at the specific and the individual levels: the balance between cancer risks and cancer defenses. During their life, most multicellular organisms naturally accumulate oncogenic processes in their body. In parallel, reproduction, notably the pregnancy process in mammals, exacerbates the progression of existing tumors in females. When, for various ecological or evolutionary reasons, anticancer defenses are too weak, given cancer risk, older females could not pursue their reproduction without triggering fatal metastatic cancers, nor even maintain a normal reproductive physiology if the latter also promotes the growth of existing oncogenic processes, e.g., hormone-dependent malignancies. At least until stronger anticancer defenses are selected for in these species, females could achieve higher inclusive fitness by ceasing their reproduction and/or going through menopause (assuming that these traits are easier to select than anticancer defenses), thereby limiting the risk of premature death due to metastatic cancers. Because relatively few species experience such an evolutionary mismatch between anticancer defenses and cancer risks, the evolution of prolonged life after reproduction could also be a rare, potentially transient, anticancer adaptation in the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Thomas
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - François Renaud
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Benjamin Roche
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Unité mixte internationale de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le développement/Sorbonne Université, France
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pascal Pujol
- Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer/Centre de Recherches en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherches pour le Développement 224-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Raymond
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Lemaitre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité mixte de recherche 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandra Alvergne
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Vazquez JM, Sulak M, Chigurupati S, Lynch VJ. A Zombie LIF Gene in Elephants Is Upregulated by TP53 to Induce Apoptosis in Response to DNA Damage. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1765-1776. [PMID: 30110634 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-bodied organisms have more cells that can potentially turn cancerous than small-bodied organisms, imposing an increased risk of developing cancer. This expectation predicts a positive correlation between body size and cancer risk; however, there is no correlation between body size and cancer risk across species ("Peto's paradox"). Here, we show that elephants and their extinct relatives (proboscideans) may have resolved Peto's paradox in part through refunctionalizing a leukemia inhibitory factor pseudogene (LIF6) with pro-apoptotic functions. LIF6 is transcriptionally upregulated by TP53 in response to DNA damage and translocates to the mitochondria where it induces apoptosis. Phylogenetic analyses of living and extinct proboscidean LIF6 genes indicates that its TP53 response element evolved coincident with the evolution of large body sizes in the proboscidean stem lineage. These results suggest that refunctionalizing of a pro-apoptotic LIF pseudogene may have been permissive (although not sufficient) for the evolution of large body sizes in proboscideans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Vazquez
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael Sulak
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Vincent J Lynch
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Gourlan AT, Douay G, Telouk P. Copper isotopes as possible neoplasia biomarkers in captive wild felids. Zoo Biol 2019; 38:371-383. [PMID: 31257640 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The longevity of zoo animals is increasing due to continuous improvement in husbandry and veterinary medicine. However, increasing age is correlated to a higher prevalence of neoplasia. Despite tremendous improvement in diagnoses and monitoring capacities, cancers are still a challenge for veterinarians within the global zoo community. The recent use of copper isotopes as biomarkers for neoplasia in both human and veterinary medicine is a promising and cost-effective diagnostic tool. Two hundred and twenty-nine serum samples from 10 different species of wild felids under human care were processed through mass spectrometry to determine the ratio of heavy and light copper isotopes (65 Cu/63 Cu). The results of this preliminary study exhibit an important variability between felid species, with a ratio ranging between -1.71 and 0.63. Additionally, copper isotopes seem to be a promising diagnostic tool in monitoring cancer in wild animals, as in human medicine, where the isotopic ratio decreases significantly with time in the presence of a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Gourlan
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Douay
- Conservation, Research and Veterinary Services, Wildlife Reserves Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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36
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Ujvari B, Klaassen M, Raven N, Russell T, Vittecoq M, Hamede R, Thomas F, Madsen T. Genetic diversity, inbreeding and cancer. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2589. [PMID: 29563261 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity is essential for adaptive capacities, providing organisms with the potential of successfully responding to intrinsic and extrinsic challenges. Although a clear reciprocal link between genetic diversity and resistance to parasites and pathogens has been established across taxa, the impact of loss of genetic diversity by inbreeding on the emergence and progression of non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, has been overlooked. Here we provide an overview of such associations and show that low genetic diversity and inbreeding associate with an increased risk of cancer in both humans and animals. Cancer being a multifaceted disease, loss of genetic diversity can directly (via accumulation of oncogenic homozygous mutations) and indirectly (via increased susceptibility to oncogenic pathogens) impact abnormal cell emergence and escape of immune surveillance. The observed link between reduced genetic diversity and cancer in wildlife may further imperil the long-term survival of numerous endangered species, highlighting the need to consider the impact of cancer in conservation biology. Finally, the somewhat incongruent data originating from human studies suggest that the association between genetic diversity and cancer development is multifactorial and may be tumour specific. Further studies are therefore crucial in order to elucidate the underpinnings of the interactions between genetic diversity, inbreeding and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Nynke Raven
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Tracey Russell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- Institut de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas Madsen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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Lichtenstein AV. Strategies of the War on Cancer: To Kill or to Neutralize? Front Oncol 2019; 8:667. [PMID: 30687641 PMCID: PMC6335948 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Gidoin C, Ujvari B, Thomas F, Roche B. How is the evolution of tumour resistance at organ-scale impacted by the importance of the organ for fitness? BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:185. [PMID: 30522441 PMCID: PMC6282255 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong variability in cancer incidence is observed between human organs. Recently, it has been suggested that the relative contribution of organs to organism fitness (reproduction or survival) could explain at least a part of the observed variation. The objective of this study is to investigate theoretically the main factors driving the evolution of tumour resistance mechanisms of organs when their relative contribution to organism fitness is considered. We use a population-scale model where individuals can develop a tumour in a key organ (i.e. in which even a small tumour can negatively impact organism fitness), an auxiliary organ (i.e. in which only a large tumour has a relatively significant impact) or both organs because of metastasis. RESULTS Our simulations show that natural selection acts in two different ways to prevent cancer in a key and an auxiliary organs. In the key organ, the strategy mostly selected is the highest resistance and only a high cost of resistance mitigates this behavior. Inversely, we observe that a low resistance strategy can be selected in the auxiliary organ when the development of the tumour is slow and the effect of a large tumour on the mortality of the organism is relatively weak. Nevertheless, if the tumour can spread to a key organ, higher resistance strategies are selected in the auxiliary organ. CONCLUSION Finally, our study demonstrates that the relative contribution of organs to the organism fitness and the metastatic propensity of the tumour influence the evolution of tumour resistance at organ scale and should be considered by studies aiming to explain the variability in cancer incidence at organ-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gidoin
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer (CREEC), MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer (CREEC), MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer (CREEC), MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Sorbonne Université, IRD, UMMISCO, F-93143 Bondy, France
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
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Bi K, Chen T, He Z, Gao Z, Zhao Y, Fu Y, Cheng J, Xie J, Jiang D. Proto-oncogenes in a eukaryotic unicellular organism play essential roles in plasmodial growth in host cells. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:881. [PMID: 30522435 PMCID: PMC6282348 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eukaryotic unicellular protist Plasmodiophora brassicae is an endocellular parasite of cruciferous plants. In host cortical cells, this protist develops a unicellular structure that is termed the plasmodium. The plasmodium is actually a multinucleated cell, which subsequently splits and forms resting spores. The mechanism for the growth of this endocellular parasite in host cell is unclear. RESULTS Here, combining de novo genome sequence and transcriptome analysis of strain ZJ-1, we identified top five significant enriched KEGG pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely translation, cell growth and death, cell communication, cell motility and cancers. We detected 171 proto-oncogenes from the genome of P. brassicae that were implicated in cancer-related pathways, of which 46 were differential expression genes. Three predicted proto-oncogenes (Pb-Raf1, Pb-Raf2, and Pb-MYB), which showed homology to the human proto-oncogenes Raf and MYB, were specifically activated during the plasmodial growth in host cortical cells, demonstrating their involvement in the multinucleate development stage of the unicellular protist organism. Gene networks involved in the tumorigenic-related signaling transduction pathways and the activation of 12 core genes were identified. Inhibition of phosphoinositol-3-kinase relieved the clubroot symptom and significantly suppressed the development process of plasmodia. CONCLUSIONS Proto-oncogene-related regulatory mechanisms play an important role in the plasmodial growth of P. brassicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangchao He
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Fu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agriculture Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Sevane N, Martínez R, Bruford MW. Genome-wide differential DNA methylation in tropically adapted Creole cattle and their Iberian ancestors. Anim Genet 2018; 50:15-26. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Sevane
- School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; Cathays Park Cardiff CF10 3AX UK
| | - R. Martínez
- Corporación Colombiana De Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica); Centro de Investigaciones Tibaitatá; km 14 via Bogotá 250047 Mosquera Colombia
| | - M. W. Bruford
- School of Biosciences; Cardiff University; Cathays Park Cardiff CF10 3AX UK
- Sustainable Places Research Institute; Cardiff University; Cardiff CF10 3BA UK
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Nyce JW. Detection of a novel, primate-specific 'kill switch' tumor suppression mechanism that may fundamentally control cancer risk in humans: an unexpected twist in the basic biology of TP53. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R497-R517. [PMID: 29941676 PMCID: PMC6106910 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The activation of TP53 is well known to exert tumor suppressive effects. We have detected a primate-specific adrenal androgen-mediated tumor suppression system in which circulating DHEAS is converted to DHEA specifically in cells in which TP53 has been inactivated DHEA is an uncompetitive inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), an enzyme indispensable for maintaining reactive oxygen species within limits survivable by the cell. Uncompetitive inhibition is otherwise unknown in natural systems because it becomes irreversible in the presence of high concentrations of substrate and inhibitor. In addition to primate-specific circulating DHEAS, a unique, primate-specific sequence motif that disables an activating regulatory site in the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) promoter was also required to enable function of this previously unrecognized tumor suppression system. In human somatic cells, loss of TP53 thus triggers activation of DHEAS transport proteins and steroid sulfatase, which converts circulating DHEAS into intracellular DHEA, and hexokinase which increases glucose-6-phosphate substrate concentration. The triggering of these enzymes in the TP53-affected cell combines with the primate-specific G6PC promoter sequence motif that enables G6P substrate accumulation, driving uncompetitive inhibition of G6PD to irreversibility and ROS-mediated cell death. By this catastrophic 'kill switch' mechanism, TP53 mutations are effectively prevented from initiating tumorigenesis in the somatic cells of humans, the primate with the highest peak levels of circulating DHEAS. TP53 mutations in human tumors therefore represent fossils of kill switch failure resulting from an age-related decline in circulating DHEAS, a potentially reversible artifact of hominid evolution.
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Chiari Y, Glaberman S, Lynch VJ. Insights on cancer resistance in vertebrates: reptiles as a parallel system to mammals. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:525. [PMID: 29891962 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Chiari
- University of South Alabama, Department of Biology, Mobile, AL, USA.
| | - Scott Glaberman
- University of South Alabama, Department of Biology, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Vincent J Lynch
- University of Chicago, Department of Human Genetics & Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, Chicago, IL, USA
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Bronchud MH. Are aggressive epithelial cancers 'a disease' of Eutherian mammals? Ecancermedicalscience 2018; 12:840. [PMID: 30034517 PMCID: PMC6027979 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2018.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental immune editing switches (PIES) have not evolved to prevent or to cause cancer but to make feto-maternal immune tolerance possible, which is at the very core of our placental mammalian ('Eutherian') nature. Aggressive epithelial cancers might be an unfortunate 'side effect' of this highly sophisticated biological nature. Microenvironmental properties in the placenta and decidua are thought to be a key to feto-maternal immune tolerance. Recently, in 2016-2018, we published the first human genomic and epigenomic evidence of similar gene expression profiles in immune regulatory genes in cancer (primary lobular infiltrating breast cancer and ipsilateral axillary metastatic lymph nodes) and both placenta and decidua of the same young patient with breast carcinoma during pregnancy. These findings led us to speculate that ectopic expression, or repression, of 'PIES' might be used by cancer cells during carcinogenesis or cancer progression to elude immune vigilance in spite of tumour-associated antigens or evolving neo antigenic landscapes. Cancers are well known to frequently express embryonic antigens, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, used as cancer markers and detectable in the blood circulation, or to express ectopic hormones. Why should cancer cells invent de novo complex new immune suppression mechanisms, if they could simply use innate ones developed during the long-term evolution of placental mammals in order to hide fetal paternal antigens from the mother's own immune system? Monotremata (Prototheria-like Echidnas or Platypus Ornithoryncus) are nonplacental egg-laying mammals and, in spite of rudimentary breast epithelial ducts and lobules, they are seldom reported to suffer from aggressive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel H Bronchud
- GenesisCare Corachan Clinic, Calle Buigas 19, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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Albuquerque TAF, Drummond do Val L, Doherty A, de Magalhães JP. From humans to hydra: patterns of cancer across the tree of life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1715-1734. [PMID: 29663630 PMCID: PMC6055669 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of multicellularity; it originates when cells become dysregulated due to mutations and grow out of control, invading other tissues and provoking discomfort, disability, and eventually death. Human life expectancy has greatly increased in the last two centuries, and consequently so has the incidence of cancer. However, how cancer patterns in humans compare to those of other species remains largely unknown. In this review, we search for clues about cancer and its evolutionary underpinnings across the tree of life. We discuss data from a wide range of species, drawing comparisons with humans when adequate, and interpret our findings from an evolutionary perspective. We conclude that certain cancers are uniquely common in humans, such as lung, prostate, and testicular cancer; while others are common across many species. Lymphomas appear in almost every animal analysed, including in young animals, which may be related to pathogens imposing selection on the immune system. Cancers unique to humans may be due to our modern environment or may be evolutionary accidents: random events in the evolution of our species. Finally, we find that cancer‐resistant animals such as whales and mole‐rats have evolved cellular mechanisms that help them avoid neoplasia, and we argue that there are multiple natural routes to cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales A F Albuquerque
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, SMHN Quadra 03 conjunto A, Bloco 1 Edifício Fepecs CEP 70, 710-907, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luisa Drummond do Val
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Room 281, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, U.K
| | - Aoife Doherty
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Room 281, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, U.K
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Room 281, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, U.K
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Young AJ. The role of telomeres in the mechanisms and evolution of life-history trade-offs and ageing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20160452. [PMID: 29335379 PMCID: PMC5784072 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary biology and biomedicine have seen a surge of recent interest in the possibility that telomeres play a role in life-history trade-offs and ageing. Here, I evaluate alternative hypotheses for the role of telomeres in the mechanisms and evolution of life-history trade-offs and ageing, and highlight outstanding challenges. First, while recent findings underscore the possibility of a proximate causal role for telomeres in current-future trade-offs and ageing, it is currently unclear (i) whether telomeres ever play a causal role in either and (ii) whether any causal role for telomeres arises via shortening or length-independent mechanisms. Second, I consider why, if telomeres do play a proximate causal role, selection has not decoupled such a telomere-mediated trade-off between current and future performance. Evidence suggests that evolutionary constraints have not rendered such decoupling impossible. Instead, a causal role for telomeres would more plausibly reflect an adaptive strategy, born of telomere maintenance costs and/or a function for telomere attrition (e.g. in countering cancer), the relative importance of which is currently unclear. Finally, I consider the potential for telomere biology to clarify the constraints at play in life-history evolution, and to explain the form of the current-future trade-offs and ageing trajectories that we observe today.This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding diversity in telomere dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
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46
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Al-Hashimi F, J. Diaz-Cano S. Multi-target analysis of neoplasms for the evaluation of tumor progression: stochastic approach of biologic processes. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2018.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Muller AWJ. Cancer is an adaptation that selects in animals against energy dissipation. Med Hypotheses 2017; 104:104-115. [PMID: 28673566 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As cancer usually follows reproduction, it is generally assumed that cancer does not select. Graham has however argued that juvenile cancer, which precedes reproduction, could during evolution have implemented a "cancer selection" that resulted in novel traits that suppress this juvenile cancer; an example is protection against UV sunlight-induced cancer, required for the emergence of terrestrial animals from the sea. We modify the cancer selection mechanism to the posited "cancer adaptation" mechanism, in which juvenile mortality is enhanced through the diminished care received by juveniles from their (grand) parents when these suffer from cancer in old age. Moreover, it is posited that the cancer adaptation selects against germline "dissipative genes", genes that result in enhanced free energy dissipation. Cancer's progression is interpreted as a cascade at increasing scale of repeated amplification of energy dissipation, a cascade involving heat shock, the Warburg effect, the cytokine IL-6, tumours, and hypermetabolism. Disturbance of any physiological process must enhance energy dissipation if the animal remains functioning normally, what explains multicausality, why "everything gives you cancer". The hypothesis thus comprises two newly invoked partial processes-diminished (grand) parental care and dissipation amplification-and results in a "selection against enhanced energy dissipation" which gives during evolution the benefit of energy conservation. Due to this benefit, cancer would essentially be an adaptation, and not a genetic disease, as assumed in the "somatic mutation theory". Cancer by somatic mutations is only a side process. The cancer adaptation hypothesis is substantiated by (1) cancer's extancy, (2) the failure of the somatic mutation theory, (3) cancer's initiation by a high temperature, (4) the interpretation of cancer's progression as a thermal process, and (5) the interpretation of tumours as organs that implement thermogenesis. The hypothesis could in principle be verified by monitoring in a population over several generations (1) the presence of dissipative genes, (2) the incidence of cancer, and (3) the beneficial effect of dissipative gene removal by cancer on starvation/famine survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthonie W J Muller
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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48
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Møller AP, Erritzøe J, Soler JJ. Life history, immunity, Peto's paradox and tumours in birds. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:960-967. [PMID: 28252229 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and tumours may evolve in response to life-history trade-offs between growth and duration of development on one hand, and between growth and maintenance of immune function on the other. Here, we tested whether (i) bird species with slow developmental rates for their body size experience low incidence of tumours because slow development allows for detection of rapid proliferation of cell lineages. We also test whether (ii) species with stronger immune response during development are more efficient at detecting tumour cells and hence suffer lower incidence of tumours. Finally, we tested Peto's paradox, that there is a positive relationship between tumour incidence and body mass. We used information on developmental rates and body mass from the literature and of tumour incidence (8468 birds) and size of the bursa of Fabricius for 7659 birds brought to a taxidermist in Denmark. We found evidence of the expected negative relationship between incidence of tumours and developmental rates and immunity after controlling for the positive association between tumour incidence and body size. These results suggest that evolution has modified the incidence of tumours in response to life history and that Peto's paradox may be explained by covariation between body mass, developmental rates and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Møller
- Ecologie, Systématique Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - J Erritzøe
- Taps Old Rectory, Christiansfeld, Denmark
| | - J J Soler
- Depto. Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (C.S.I.C.), Almería, Spain
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Zhang W, Edwards A, Flemington EK, Zhang K. Significant Prognostic Features and Patterns of Somatic TP53 Mutations in Human Cancers. Cancer Inform 2017; 16:1176935117691267. [PMID: 28469388 PMCID: PMC5392013 DOI: 10.1177/1176935117691267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently altered gene in human cancers. Numerous retrospective studies have related its mutation and abnormal p53 protein expression to poor patient survival. Nonetheless, the clinical significance of TP53 (p53) status has been a controversial issue. In this work, we aimed to characterize TP53 somatic mutations in tumor cells across multiple cancer types, primarily focusing on several less investigated features of the mutation spectra, and determine their prognostic implications. We performed an integrative study on the clinically annotated genomic data released by The Cancer Genome Atlas. Standard statistical methods, such as the Cox proportional hazards model and logistic regression, were used. This study resulted in several novel findings. They include the following: (1) similar to previously reported cases in breast cancer, the mutations in exons 1 to 4 of TP53 were more lethal than those in exons 5 to 9 for the patients with lung adenocarcinomas; (2) TP53 mutants tended to be negatively selected in mammalian evolution, but the evolutionary conservation had various clinical implications for different cancers; (3) conserved correlation patterns (ie, consistent co-occurrence or consistent mutual exclusivity) between TP53 mutations and the alterations in several other cancer genes (ie, PIK3CA, PTEN, KRAS, APC, CDKN2A, and ATM) were present in several cancers in which prognosis was associated with TP53 status and/or the mutational characteristics; (4) among TP53-mutated tumors, the total mutation burden in other driver genes was a predictive signature (P < .05, false discovery rate <0.11) for better patient survival outcome in several cancer types, including glioblastoma multiforme. Among these findings, the fourth is of special significance as it suggested the potential existence of epistatic interaction effects among the mutations in different cancer driver genes on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Facility of Xavier RCMI Center for Cancer Research, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Andrea Edwards
- Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Facility of Xavier RCMI Center for Cancer Research, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Erik K Flemington
- Tulane Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics Facility of Xavier RCMI Center for Cancer Research, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Potapova T, Gorbsky GJ. The Consequences of Chromosome Segregation Errors in Mitosis and Meiosis. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010012. [PMID: 28208750 PMCID: PMC5372005 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mistakes during cell division frequently generate changes in chromosome content, producing aneuploid or polyploid progeny cells. Polyploid cells may then undergo abnormal division to generate aneuploid cells. Chromosome segregation errors may also involve fragments of whole chromosomes. A major consequence of segregation defects is change in the relative dosage of products from genes located on the missegregated chromosomes. Abnormal expression of transcriptional regulators can also impact genes on the properly segregated chromosomes. The consequences of these perturbations in gene expression depend on the specific chromosomes affected and on the interplay of the aneuploid phenotype with the environment. Most often, these novel chromosome distributions are detrimental to the health and survival of the organism. However, in a changed environment, alterations in gene copy number may generate a more highly adapted phenotype. Chromosome segregation errors also have important implications in human health. They may promote drug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. In cancer cells, they are a source for genetic and phenotypic variability that may select for populations with increased malignance and resistance to therapy. Lastly, chromosome segregation errors during gamete formation in meiosis are a primary cause of human birth defects and infertility. This review describes the consequences of mitotic and meiotic errors focusing on novel concepts and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Potapova
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
| | - Gary J Gorbsky
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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