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Kirchner VA, Badshah JS, Kyun Hong S, Martinez O, Pruett TL, Niedernhofer LJ. Effect of Cellular Senescence in Disease Progression and Transplantation: Immune Cells and Solid Organs. Transplantation 2024; 108:1509-1523. [PMID: 37953486 PMCID: PMC11089077 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging of the world population significantly impacts healthcare globally and specifically, the field of transplantation. Together with end-organ dysfunction and prolonged immunosuppression, age increases the frequency of comorbid chronic diseases in transplant candidates and recipients, contributing to inferior outcomes. Although the frequency of death increases with age, limited use of organs from older deceased donors reflects the concerns about organ durability and inadequate function. Cellular senescence (CS) is a hallmark of aging, which occurs in response to a myriad of cellular stressors, leading to activation of signaling cascades that stably arrest cell cycle progression to prevent tumorigenesis. In aging and chronic conditions, senescent cells accumulate as the immune system's ability to clear them wanes, which is causally implicated in the progression of chronic diseases, immune dysfunction, organ damage, decreased regenerative capacity, and aging itself. The intimate interplay between senescent cells, their proinflammatory secretome, and immune cells results in a positive feedback loop, propagating chronic sterile inflammation and the spread of CS. Hence, senescent cells in organs from older donors trigger the recipient's alloimmune response, resulting in the increased risk of graft loss. Eliminating senescent cells or attenuating their inflammatory phenotype is a novel, potential therapeutic target to improve transplant outcomes and expand utilization of organs from older donors. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the impact of CS on circulating immune cells in the context of organ damage and disease progression, discusses the impact of CS on abdominal solid organs that are commonly transplanted, and reviews emerging therapies that target CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara A. Kirchner
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Joshua S. Badshah
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Suk Kyun Hong
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Olivia Martinez
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Timothy L. Pruett
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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Bordet G, Tulin AV. PARG Protein Regulation Roles in Drosophila Longevity Control. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6189. [PMID: 38892377 PMCID: PMC11173342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging, marked by a gradual decline in physiological function and heightened vulnerability to age-related diseases, remains a complex biological process with multifaceted regulatory mechanisms. Our study elucidates the critical role of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), responsible for catabolizing poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) in the aging process by modulating the expression of age-related genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Specifically, we uncover the regulatory function of the uncharacterized PARG C-terminal domain in controlling PARG activity. Flies lacking this domain exhibit a significantly reduced lifespan compared to wild-type counterparts. Furthermore, we observe progressive dysregulation of age-related gene expression during aging, accelerated in the absence of PARG activity, culminating in a premature aging phenotype. Our findings reveal the critical involvement of the pADPr pathway as a key player in the aging process, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for mitigating age-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexei V. Tulin
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
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Huang Y, Che X, Wang PW, Qu X. p53/MDM2 signaling pathway in aging, senescence and tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 101:44-57. [PMID: 38762096 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
A wealth of evidence has emerged that there is an association between aging, senescence and tumorigenesis. Senescence, a biological process by which cells cease to divide and enter a status of permanent cell cycle arrest, contributes to aging and aging-related diseases, including cancer. Aging populations have the higher incidence of cancer due to a lifetime of exposure to cancer-causing agents, reduction of repairing DNA damage, accumulated genetic mutations, and decreased immune system efficiency. Cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, accelerate aging. There is growing evidence that p53/MDM2 (murine double minute 2) axis is critically involved in regulation of aging, senescence and oncogenesis. Therefore, in this review, we describe the functions and mechanisms of p53/MDM2-mediated senescence, aging and carcinogenesis. Moreover, we highlight the small molecular inhibitors, natural compounds and PROTACs (proteolysis targeting chimeras) that target p53/MDM2 pathway to influence aging and cancer. Modification of p53/MDM2 could be a potential strategy for treatment of aging, senescence and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China; Provincial key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China; Clinical Cancer Research Center of Shenyang, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China; Provincial key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China; Clinical Cancer Research Center of Shenyang, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Peter W Wang
- Department of Medicine, Oasis Medical Research Center, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China; Provincial key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China; Clinical Cancer Research Center of Shenyang, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China.
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Szasz A. Peto's "Paradox" and Six Degrees of Cancer Prevalence. Cells 2024; 13:197. [PMID: 38275822 PMCID: PMC10814230 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Peto's paradox and the epidemiologic observation of the average six degrees of tumor prevalence are studied and hypothetically solved. A simple consideration, Petho's paradox challenges our intuitive understanding of cancer risk and prevalence. Our simple consideration is that the more a cell divides, the higher the chance of acquiring cancerous mutations, and so the larger or longer-lived organisms have more cells and undergo more cell divisions over their lifetime, expecting to have a higher risk of developing cancer. Paradoxically, it is not supported by the observations. The allometric scaling of species could answer the Peto paradox. Another paradoxical human epidemiology observation in six average mutations is necessary for cancer prevalence, despite the random expectations of the tumor causes. To solve this challenge, game theory could be applied. The inherited and random DNA mutations in the replication process nonlinearly drive cancer development. The statistical variance concept does not reasonably describe tumor development. Instead, the Darwinian natural selection principle is applied. The mutations in the healthy organism's cellular population can serve the species' evolutionary adaptation by the selective pressure of the circumstances. Still, some cells collect multiple uncorrected mutations, adapt to the extreme stress in the stromal environment, and develop subclinical phases of cancer in the individual. This process needs extensive subsequent DNA replications to heritage and collect additional mutations, which are only marginal alone. Still, together, they are preparing for the first stage of the precancerous condition. In the second stage, when one of the caretaker genes is accidentally mutated, the caused genetic instability prepares the cell to fight for its survival and avoid apoptosis. This can be described as a competitive game. In the third stage, the precancerous cell develops uncontrolled proliferation with the damaged gatekeeper gene and forces the new game strategy with binary cooperation with stromal cells for alimentation. In the fourth stage, the starving conditions cause a game change again, starting a cooperative game, where the malignant cells cooperate and force the cooperation of the stromal host, too. In the fifth stage, the resetting of homeostasis finishes the subclinical stage, and in the fifth stage, the clinical phase starts. The prevention of the development of mutated cells is more complex than averting exposure to mutagens from the environment throughout the organism's lifetime. Mutagenic exposure can increase the otherwise random imperfect DNA reproduction, increasing the likelihood of cancer development, but mutations exist. Toxic exposure is more challenging; it may select the tolerant cells on this particular toxic stress, so these mutations have more facility to avoid apoptosis in otherwise collected random mutational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Szasz
- Department of Biotechnics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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Qiang M, Dai Z. Biomarkers of UVB radiation-related senescent fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:933. [PMID: 38195709 PMCID: PMC10776766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light is known to induce photoaging in the skin, necessitating the development of effective anti-photoaging strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of UV radiation. Understanding the biofunctional characteristics of diverse skin cell types and unraveling the molecular modifications implicated in the aging process are pivotal in comprehending the intricacies of photoaging in human skin. Such insights are essential for paving the way for innovative interventions to counteract the deleterious impact of UV radiation on the skin. The single-cell RNA sequencing data of UVB-irradiated and normal control mouse skin in GSE173385 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omniniub (GEO) database. First, cell types were identified using Seurat for normalization, dimensionality reduction and clustering. Next, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis were executed on these cell subpopulations. Using FindAllMarkers in the Seurat package to identify differential gene expression and Monocle2 cell trajectory analysis, we screened out hub genes related to the development trajectory of senescent fibroblasts during photoaging, and then combined it with 307 aging-related genes collected in the HAGR library, we finally identified two biomarkers. The efficiency of biomarkers in diagnosing UV radiation photoaging was also evaluated in the dataset. Concurrently, the immune infiltration of identified biomarkers under UV radiation has also been further explored. Moreover, we employed the Enrichr platform to conduct a comprehensive screening of drug molecules associated with the identified biomarkers. Our comprehensive analysis, employing Seurat for normalization, dimensionality reduction, and clustering, successfully identified ten distinct cell types within the samples. Then GO functional enrichment analysis showed that senescent fibroblasts are mainly involved in the regulation of immune effector processes such as cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, regulation of epithelial cell proliferation and intercellular adhesion. Afterwards, KEGG analysis determined the main biological pathways are: IL-17 signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. After differential gene expression and Monocle2 cell trajectory analysis, we matched the obtained hub genes with the aging-related genes collected in the HAGR library, and finally screened out two relevant biomarkers: Apoe and Gdf15 which are related to the development trajectory of senescent fibroblasts during photoaging. Meanwhile, the immune infiltration further implied that the expression of these two biomarkers was significantly correlated with immune cells. In addition, the Enrichr platform was used to screen the drug molecules related to these biomarkers. This strategic approach aimed to pinpoint effective molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of photoaging. Our investigation has effectively characterized biomarkers associated with fibroblast senescence during photoaging at the single-cell level, We have validated their correlation with cellular immune inflammation and identified potential drug targets through the utilization of the Enrichr platform. This foundational research establishes a robust basis for the development of therapeutic interventions targeting skin diseases resulting from photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Qiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China.
| | - Zijia Dai
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
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Kuehnemann C, Wiley CD. Senescent cells at the crossroads of aging, disease, and tissue homeostasis. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13988. [PMID: 37731189 PMCID: PMC10776127 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally identified as an outcome of continuous culture of primary cells, cellular senescence has moved beyond the culture dish and is now a bona fide driver of aging and disease in animal models, and growing links to human disease. This cellular stress response consists of a stable proliferative arrest coupled to multiple phenotypic changes. Perhaps the most important of these is the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, or senescence-associated secretory phenotype -a complex and variable collection of secreted molecules release by senescent cells with a number of potent biological activities. Senescent cells appear in multiple age-associated conditions in humans and mice, and interventions that eliminate these cells can prevent or even reverse multiple diseases in mouse models. Here, we review salient aspects of senescent cells in the context of human disease and homeostasis. Senescent cells increase in abundance during several diseases that associated with premature aging. Conversely, senescent cells have a key role in beneficial processes such as development and wound healing, and thus can help maintain tissue homeostasis. Finally, we speculate on mechanisms by which deleterious aspects of senescent cells might be targeted while retaining homeostatic aspects in order to improve age-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisaka Kuehnemann
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Christopher D. Wiley
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Zhao Y, Gu S, Li L, Zhao R, Xie S, Zhang J, Zhou R, Tu L, Jiang L, Zhang S, Ma S. A novel risk signature for predicting brain metastasis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:2207-2220. [PMID: 37379245 PMCID: PMC10708939 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastasis (BM) are a devastating consequence of lung cancer. This study was aimed to screen risk factors for predicting BM. METHODS Using an in vivo BM preclinical model, we established a series of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell subpopulations with different metastatic ability. Quantitative proteomics analysis was used to screen and identify the differential protein expressing map among subpopulation cells. Q-PCR and Western-blot were used to validate the differential proteins in vitro. The candidate proteins were measured in LUAD tissue samples (n = 81) and validated in an independent TMA cohort (n = 64). A nomogram establishment was undertaken by performing multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The quantitative proteomics analysis, qPCR and Western blot assay implied a five-gene signature that might be key proteins associated with BM. In multivariate analysis, the occurrence of BM was associated with age ≤ 65 years, high expressions of NES and ALDH6A1. The nomogram showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.934 (95% CI, 0.881-0.988) in the training set. The validation set showed a good discrimination with an AUC of 0.719 (95% CI, 0.595-0.843). CONCLUSIONS We have established a tool that is able to predict occurrence of BM in LUAD patients. Our model based on both clinical information and protein biomarkers will help to screen patient in high-risk population of BM, so as to facilitate preventive intervention in this part of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Shen Gu
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Lingjie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Ruping Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Jiahui International Hospital, China
| | - Shujun Xie
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Rongjing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Linglan Tu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
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Fontana A. Unravelling the nexus: Towards a unified model of development, ageing, and cancer. Biosystems 2023; 231:104966. [PMID: 37419274 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive model that aims to unify our understanding of embryogenesis, ageing, and cancer. While there have been previous attempts to construct models separately for two of these phenomena (such as embryogenesis and cancer, ageing and cancer), models encompassing all three are relatively scarce, if not entirely absent. The model's most notable feature is the presence of driver cells throughout the body, which may correspond to Spemann's organisers. These driver cells play a vital role in propelling development as they dynamically emerge from non-driver cells and inhabit specialised niches. Remarkably, this continuous process persists throughout an organism's entire lifespan, signifying that development unfolds from conception to the end of life. Driver cells orchestrate change events through the induction of distinctive epigenetic patterns of gene activation. Events occurring at young age drive development, are subject to high evolutionary pressure and hence carefully optimised. Events occurring after reproduction age are subject to decreasing evolutionary pressure: for this reason, such events are "pseudorandom" -deterministic but erratic. Some of these events lead to age-related benign conditions, such as gray hair. Some lead to serious age-related diseases, such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, some of these events might perturb epigenetically key pathways involved in driver activation and formation, leading to cancer. In our model, this driver cell-based mechanism represents the backbone of multicellular biology: understanding and correcting its functioning may give the chance to solve a wide range of conditions at once.
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Kirsch-Volders M, Fenech M. Towards prevention of aneuploidy-associated cellular senescence and aging: more questions than answers? MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108474. [PMID: 37866738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to discuss how aneuploidy contributes to the aging process, and to identify plausible strategies for its prevention. After an overview of mechanisms leading to aneuploidy and the major features of cellular senescence, we discuss the link between (i) aneuploidy and cellular senescence; (ii) aneuploidy and aging; and (iii) cellular senescence and aging. We also consider (i) interactions between aneuploidy, micronuclei, cellular senescence and aging, (ii) the potential of nutritional treatments to prevent aneuploidy-associated senescence and aging, and (iii) knowledge and technological gaps. Evidence for a causal link between aneuploidy, senescence and aging is emerging. In vitro, aneuploidy accompanies the entry into cellular senescence and can itself induce senescence. How aneuploidy contributes in vivo to cellular senescence is less clear. Several routes depending on aneuploidy and/or senescence converge towards chronic inflammation, the major driver of unhealthy aging. Aneuploidy can induce the pro-inflammatory Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), either directly or as a result of micronucleus (MN) induction leading to leakage of DNA into the cytoplasm and triggering of the cGAS-STING pathway of innate immune response. A major difficulty in understanding the impact of aneuploidy on senescence and aging in vivo, results from the heterogeneity of cellular senescence in different tissues at the cytological and molecular level. Due to this complexity, there is at the present time no biomarker or biomarker combination characteristic for all types of senescent cells. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the critical role aneuploidy plays in cellular senescence and aging is essential to devise practical strategies to protect human populations from aneuploidy-associated pathologies. We discuss emerging evidence, based on in vitro and in vivo studies, that adequate amounts of specific micronutrients are essential for prevention of aneuploidy in humans and that precise nutritional intervention may be essential to help avoid the scourge of aneuploidy-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Kirsch-Volders
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Department Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Michael Fenech
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000, Australia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA 5048, Australia.
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Arif KB, Said S, Khiro N, Ibrahem S, Al-Ghamdi S. Demographic and clinico-pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer in Kirkuk governorate, Iraq. Hum Antibodies 2023; 31:89-98. [PMID: 38217589 DOI: 10.3233/hab-230011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND World-wide Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer with one million new cases a year. Historically, a higher incidence of this disease has been recorded among the elderly in the western countries, but it is increasing in developing countries and in younger age groups. AIM This study aims to find whether CRC cancer is progressively affecting the younger age groups known as early onset (< 50 years). In addition, it describes the pathological characteristics of CRC in early onset CRC cases. METHOD The study is retrospective cross-sectional. It was conducted over a period of five months from October 1st 2019 till 1st March 1st 2020. Data were drawn from patients with CRC from their medical records at Kirkuk Oncology Centre (KOC) and from the IRAQI National CANCER REGISTRY (INCR) over thirteen years period from 2006 to 2018. The basic data we obtained for each patient include sex, age, and stage, grade of the disease at diagnosis and mode of presentation. RESULTS The Initial study population included 654 patients of both genders and all ages. CRC occurred in < 5.5/100,000 population per year which accounted for < 8% of total malignancies (2006-2018). The patients were divided into two groups; an early onset (< 50 years) group and a late onset CRC (⩾ 50 years) group. The final study population provided enough data for 238 patients for the years (2014-2018) with an age range of 20-91 and a mean of 54.4 years. The males were ∼54% while ∼46% were females. The age group under 50 years (early onset CRC) was ∼41% (no 98) while those who are 50 years and older (late onset) stood for 59% (no 140). There were no statistical differences between the two age groups regarding stage, grade, or presenting symptom. CONCLUSION CRC is common in early onsets or young age groups with similar pathological characteristics to those of the late onset cancer. Accordingly, even mild lower gastrointestinal symptoms should be taken seriously. The study points toward an increasing awareness of the population on the importance of colorectal cancer. Also, conducting more surveillance studies and investigations would be recommended for early detections of the disease in young populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bahram Arif
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kirkuk University, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Summer Said
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kirkuk University, Hepatology and Gastrointestinal Centre, Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Nawfal Khiro
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Salih Ibrahem
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kirkuk University, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Saleh Al-Ghamdi
- Applied Clinical Research Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Cirillo G, Negrete-Diaz F, Yucuma D, Virtuoso A, Korai SA, De Luca C, Kaniusas E, Papa M, Panetsos F. Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A Personalized Therapeutic Approach for Crohn's and Other Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244103. [PMID: 36552867 PMCID: PMC9776705 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are incurable autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. There is increasing evidence that inappropriate interaction between the enteric nervous system and central nervous system and/or low activity of the vagus nerve, which connects the enteric and central nervous systems, could play a crucial role in their pathogenesis. Therefore, it has been suggested that appropriate neuroprosthetic stimulation of the vagus nerve could lead to the modulation of the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and consequent long-term control of these autoimmune diseases. In the present paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of (1) the cellular and molecular bases of the immune system, (2) the way central and enteric nervous systems interact and contribute to the immune responses, (3) the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel disease, and (4) the therapeutic use of vagus nerve stimulation, and in particular, the transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Then, we expose the working hypotheses for the modulation of the molecular processes that are responsible for intestinal inflammation in autoimmune diseases and the way we could develop personalized neuroprosthetic therapeutic devices and procedures in favor of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cirillo
- Division of Human Anatomy, Neuronal Morphology Networks & Systems Biology Lab, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Flor Negrete-Diaz
- Neurocomputing & Neurorobotics Research Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IdISSC), Hospital Clinico San Carlos de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Yucuma
- Neurocomputing & Neurorobotics Research Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Assunta Virtuoso
- Division of Human Anatomy, Neuronal Morphology Networks & Systems Biology Lab, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sohaib Ali Korai
- Division of Human Anatomy, Neuronal Morphology Networks & Systems Biology Lab, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro De Luca
- Division of Human Anatomy, Neuronal Morphology Networks & Systems Biology Lab, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michele Papa
- Division of Human Anatomy, Neuronal Morphology Networks & Systems Biology Lab, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
- SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology ISBE-IT, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neurocomputing & Neurorobotics Research Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IdISSC), Hospital Clinico San Carlos de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Silk Biomed SL, 28260 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (F.P.)
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12
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He D, Liu L, Zhang Z, Yang X, Jia Y, Wen Y, Cheng S, Meng P, Li C, Zhang H, Pan C, Zhang F. Association between gut microbiota and longevity: a genetic correlation and mendelian randomization study. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:302. [PMID: 36510142 PMCID: PMC9746102 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longevity is one of the most complex phenotypes, and its genetic basis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the genetic correlation and potential causal association between gut microbiota and longevity. RESULTS Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression analysis and a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis were performed to analyze gut microbiota and longevity-related traits. LDSC analysis detected four candidate genetic correlations, including Veillonella (genetic correlation = 0.5578, P = 4.67 × 10- 2) and Roseburia (genetic correlation = 0.4491, P = 2.67 × 10- 2) for longevity, Collinsella (genetic correlation = 0.3144, P = 4.07 × 10- 2) for parental lifespan and Sporobacter (genetic correlation = 0.2092, P = 3.53 × 10- 2) for healthspan. Further MR analysis observed suggestive causation between Collinsella and parental longevity (father's age at death) (weighted median: b = 1.79 × 10- 3, P = 3.52 × 10- 2). Reverse MR analysis also detected several causal effects of longevity-related traits on gut microbiota, such as longevity and Sporobacter (IVW: b = 7.02 × 10- 1, P = 4.21 × 10- 25). Statistical insignificance of the heterogeneity test and pleiotropy test supported the validity of the MR study. CONCLUSION Our study found evidence that gut microbiota is causally associated with longevity, or vice versa, providing novel clues for understanding the roles of gut microbiota in aging development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Liu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuena Yang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Wen
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peilin Meng
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chun’e Li
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chuyu Pan
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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13
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Evo-devo perspectives on cancer. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:797-815. [PMID: 36250956 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The integration of evolutionary and developmental approaches into the field of evolutionary developmental biology has opened new areas of inquiry- from understanding the evolution of development and its underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms to addressing the role of development in evolution. For the last several decades, the terms 'evolution' and 'development' have been increasingly linked to cancer, in many different frameworks and contexts. This mini-review, as part of a special issue on Evolutionary Developmental Biology, discusses the main areas in cancer research that have been addressed through the lenses of both evolutionary and developmental biology, though not always fully or explicitly integrated in an evo-devo framework. First, it briefly introduces the current views on carcinogenesis that invoke evolutionary and/or developmental perspectives. Then, it discusses the main mechanisms proposed to have specifically evolved to suppress cancer during the evolution of multicellularity. Lastly, it considers whether the evolution of multicellularity and development was shaped by the threat of cancer (a cancer-evo-devo perspective), and/or whether the evolution of developmental programs and life history traits can shape cancer resistance/risk in various lineages (an evo-devo-cancer perspective). A proper evolutionary developmental framework for cancer, both as a disease and in terms of its natural history (in the context of the evolution of multicellularity and development as well as life history traits), could bridge the currently disparate evolutionary and developmental perspectives and uncover aspects that will provide new insights for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Libertini G, Corbi G, Shubernetskaya O, Ferrara N. Is Human Aging a Form of Phenoptosis? BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1446-1464. [PMID: 36717439 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922120033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A much debated question is whether aging is the cumulative consequence of degenerative factors insufficiently opposed by natural selection, or, on the contrary, an ordered process, genetically determined and regulated, modeled by natural selection, and for which the definition of phenoptotic phenomenon would be entirely appropriate. In this review, theoretical arguments and empirical data about the two hypotheses are exposed, with more evidence in support of the thesis of aging as a form of phenoptosis. However, as the thesis of aging as an adaptive and programmed phenomenon necessarily requires the existence of specific mechanisms that determine to age, such as the subtelomere-telomere theory proposed for this purpose, the evidence supporting the mechanisms described by this theory is reported. In particular, it is highlighted that the recent interpretation of the role of TERRA sequences in the context of subtelomere-telomere theory is a fundamental point in supporting the hypothesized mechanisms. Furthermore, some characteristics of the mechanisms proposed by the theory, such as epigenetic modifications in aging, gradual cell senescence, cell senescence, limits in cell duplications, and fixed size of the telomeric heterochromatin hood, are exposed in their compatibility with both the thesis of aging as phenoptotic phenomenon and the opposite thesis. In short, aging as a form of phenoptosis appears a scientifically sound hypothesis while the opposite thesis should clarify the meaning of various phenomena that appear to invalidate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinto Libertini
- Italian Society for Evolutionary Biology (SIBE), Asti, 14100, Italy. .,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, 86100, Italy. .,Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (SIGG), Firenze, 50129, Italy
| | - Olga Shubernetskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy. .,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA - Società Benefit, IRCCS, Telese Terme, BN, 82037, Italy
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15
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Kubinyi E. Biologia Futura: four questions about ageing and the future of relevant animal models. Biol Futur 2022; 73:385-391. [PMID: 36131217 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how active and healthy ageing can be achieved is one of the most relevant global problems. In this review, I use the "Four questions" framework of Tinbergen to investigate how ageing works, how it might contribute to the survival of species, how it develops during the lifetime of (human) individuals and how it evolved. The focus of ageing research is usually on losses, although trajectories in later life show heterogeneity and many individuals experience healthy ageing. In humans, mild changes in cognition might be a typical part of ageing, but deficits are a sign of pathology. The ageing of the world's populations, and relatedly, the growing number of pathologically ageing people, is one of the major global problems. Animal models can help to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Kubinyi
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. .,MTA-ELTE Lendület "Momentum" Companion Animal Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
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16
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Zhao Q, Hu W, Xu J, Zeng S, Xi X, Chen J, Wu X, Hu S, Zhong T. Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis of Senescence With Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:919274. [PMID: 35911954 PMCID: PMC9334796 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.919274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a double-edged sword in tumorigenesis and affects the immunotherapy response through the modulation of the host’s immune system. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive analysis of the senescence-related genes (SRGs) in human cancers, and the predictive role of senescence in cancer immunotherapy response has not been explored. The multi-omics approaches were performed in this article to conduct a systematic pan-cancer genomic analysis of SRGs in cancer. In addition, we calculated the generic senescence score (SS) to quantify the senescence levels in cancers and explored the correlations of SS with cancer prognosis, biological processes, and tumor microenvironment (TME). The gene signatures were deregulated in multiple cancers and indicated a context-dependent correlation with prognosis, tumor-immune evasion, and response to therapy across various tumor types. Further analysis disclosed that SS was positively associated with the infiltration levels of immune suppressive cells, including induced Tregs (iTregs), central memory Ts (Tcms), and natural Tregs (nTregs), and negatively associated with immune killer cells, including natural killers (NKs) and mucosal-associated invariant Ts (MAITs). Moreover, the SS was significantly correlated with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune-related genes, and immune checkpoints and had a predictive value of immunotherapy response. Thus, the expression of SRGs was involved in resistance to several anticancer drugs. Our work illustrates the characterization of senescence across various malignancies and highlights the potential of senescence as a biomarker of the response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Weiquan Hu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoying Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xuxiang Xi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiangsheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Suping Hu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyu Zhong,
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17
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Ibrahem S, Ahmed H, Zangana S. Trends in colorectal cancer in Iraq over two decades: incidence, mortality, topography and morphology. Ann Saudi Med 2022; 42:252-261. [PMID: 35933610 PMCID: PMC9357297 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2022.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly a disease of the elderly in the Western world, but its characteristics are changing globally. Iraq does not have a well established CRC screening program. Understanding trends of CRC incidence, fatality and the clinical features of CRC patients is vital to the design of effective public health measures; public awareness, screening, diagnosis and treatment strategies to meet the future demands. OBJECTIVES Determine trends in demography, incidence proportion, mortality, topography (primary tumor site) and morphology (histology) over two decades. DESIGN Registry-based study SETTING: Iraqi National Cancer Registry (INCR) database PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected and analyzed data from CRC patients obtained from the INCR to calculate incidence and mortality proportion per 100 000 population for the period from 2000 to 2019. In addition to estimation, data were examined by anatomic location and morphological type. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in the incidence and mortality proportion, topography and morphology of CRC over 20 years. SAMPLE SIZE 20 880 CRC patients ranging in age from 14-80 years. RESULTS The overall (males and females) CRC incidence proportion (CIP) increased from 2.28 to 6.18 per 100 000 population in 2000 and 2019, respectively, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 5.11%. The incidence proportion (IP) of CRC in patients from 20 to <50 years rose from 1.46 in 2000 to 4.36 per 100 000 population in 2019, which is an APC of 5.6%. The IP in patients older than 50 years rose from 12.7 to 40.59 per 100 000 population in 2000 and 2019, respectively, with an APC of 5.98%. The percentage of all CRC cases to all total malignancies in Iraq grew from 3.69% in 2000 to 6.5% in 2019. The CRC mortality proportion increased from 1.25 to 1.77 per 100 000 populations in 2010 and 2019, respectively, reflecting an APC of 3.54%. Anatomically, colon (C18) tumor represented 59.2% and 65.7% in 2000 and 2019, respectively. Rectal (C20) tumors were 37.2% in 2000 down to 31.4% in 2019, while rectosigmoid junction tumor (C19) were 3.6% in 2000 dropping to 2% in 2019. CONCLUSIONS CRC in Iraq is still a disease of the elderly and is rising in incidence and mortality in all age groups. This necessitates reconsidering health policy regarding CRC; public awareness, screening and management strategies to accommodate for these alarming changes. LIMITATIONS Data about stages, grades and molecular characterisations are not available in the INCR. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Ibrahem
- From the Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Hussien Ahmed
- From the Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq
| | - Suhair Zangana
- From the Department of Oncology, Kirkuk Oncology Centre, Kirkuk, Iraq
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18
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Frommeyer TC, Gilbert MM, Brittain GV, Wu T, Nguyen TQ, Rohan CA, Travers JB. UVB-Induced Microvesicle Particle Release and Its Effects on the Cutaneous Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880850. [PMID: 35603177 PMCID: PMC9120817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) has profound effects on human skin that results in a broad spectrum of immunological local and systemic responses and is the major cause of skin carcinogenesis. One important area of study in photobiology is how UVB is translated into effector signals. As the skin is exposed to UVB light, subcellular microvesicle particles (MVP), a subtype of bioactive extracellular vesicles, are released causing a variety of local and systemic immunological effects. In this review, we highlight keratinocyte MVP release in keratinocytes in response to UVB. Specifically, Platelet-activating factor receptor agonists generated by UVB result in MVP released from keratinocytes. The downstream effects of MVP release include the ability of these subcellular particles to transport agents including the glycerophosphocholine-derived lipid mediator Platelet-activating factor (PAF). Moreover, even though UVB is only absorbed in the epidermis, it appears that PAF release from MVPs also mediates systemic immunosuppression and enhances tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor cells expressing PAF receptors can use this mechanism to evade chemotherapy responses, leading to treatment resistance for advanced cancers such as melanoma. Furthermore, novel pharmacological agents provide greater insight into the UVB-induced immune response pathway and a potential target for pharmacological intervention. This review outlines the need to more clearly elucidate the mechanism linking UVB-irradiation with the cutaneous immune response and its pathological manifestations. An improved understanding of this process can result in new insights and treatment strategies for UVB-related disorders from carcinogenesis to photosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Frommeyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Michael M. Gilbert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Garrett V. Brittain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Tongfan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Trang Q. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Craig A. Rohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey B. Travers,
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Reece AS, Hulse GK. Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003-2017: part 1 - continuous bivariate analysis. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:99. [PMID: 35354487 PMCID: PMC8966217 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genotoxic and cancerogenic impacts of population-wide cannabinoid exposure remains an open but highly salient question. The present report examines these issues from a continuous bivariate perspective with subsequent reports continuing categorical and detailed analyses. Methods Age-standardized state census incidence of 28 cancer types (including “All (non-skin) Cancer”) was sourced using SEER*Stat software from Centres for Disease Control and National Cancer Institute across US states 2001–2017. It was joined with drug exposure data from the nationally representative National Survey of Drug Use and Health conducted annually by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2003–2017, response rate 74.1%. Cannabinoid data was from Federal seizure data. Income and ethnicity data sourced from the US Census Bureau. Data was processed in R. Results Nineteen thousand eight hundred seventy-seven age-standardized cancer rates were returned. Based on these rates and state populations this equated to 51,623,922 cancer cases over an aggregated population 2003–2017 of 124,896,418,350. Regression lines were charted for cancer-substance exposures for cigarettes, alcohol use disorder (AUD), cannabis, THC, cannabidiol, cannabichromene, cannabinol and cannabigerol. In this substance series positive trends were found for 14, 9, 6, 9, 12, 6, 9 and 7 cancers; with largest minimum E-Values (mEV) of 1.76 × 109, 4.67 × 108, 2.74 × 104, 4.72, 2.34 × 1018, 2.74 × 1017, 1.90 × 107, 5.05 × 109; and total sum of exponents of mEV of 34, 32, 13, 0, 103, 58, 25, 31 indicating that cannabidiol followed by cannabichromene are the most strongly implicated in environmental carcinogenesis. Breast cancer was associated with tobacco and all cannabinoids (from mEV = 3.53 × 109); “All Cancer” (non-skin) linked with cannabidiol (mEV = 1.43 × 1011); pediatric AML linked with cannabis (mEV = 19.61); testicular cancer linked with THC (mEV = 1.33). Cancers demonstrating elevated mEV in association with THC were: thyroid, liver, pancreas, AML, breast, oropharynx, CML, testis and kidney. Cancers demonstrating elevated mEV in relation to cannabidiol: prostate, bladder, ovary, all cancers, colorectum, Hodgkins, brain, Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, esophagus, breast and stomach. Conclusion Data suggest that cannabinoids including THC and cannabidiol are important community carcinogens exceeding the effects of tobacco or alcohol. Testicular, (prostatic) and ovarian tumours indicate mutagenic corruption of the germline in both sexes; pediatric tumourigenesis confirms transgenerational oncogenesis; quantitative criteria implying causality are fulfilled. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00811-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stuart Reece
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia. .,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia. .,, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gary Kenneth Hulse
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
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20
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Fischer F, Grigolon G, Benner C, Ristow M. Evolutionarily conserved transcription factors as regulators of longevity and targets for geroprotection. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1449-1494. [PMID: 35343830 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the single largest risk factor for many debilitating conditions, including heart diseases, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. While far from understood in its full complexity, it is scientifically well-established that aging is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, and can be modulated by various interventions. One of aging's early hallmarks are aberrations in transcriptional networks, controlling for example metabolic homeostasis or the response to stress. Evidence in different model organisms abounds that a number of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, which control such networks, can affect lifespan and healthspan across species. These transcription factors thus potentially represent conserved regulators of longevity and are emerging as important targets in the challenging quest to develop treatments to mitigate age-related diseases, and possibly even to slow aging itself. This review provides an overview of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that impact longevity or age-related diseases in at least one multicellular model organism (nematodes, flies, or mice), and/or are tentatively linked to human aging. Discussed is the general evidence for transcriptional regulation of aging and disease, followed by a more detailed look at selected transcription factor families, the common metabolic pathways involved, and the targeting of transcription factors as a strategy for geroprotective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Fischer
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Grigolon
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Benner
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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21
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Zhen S, Chen S, Geng S, Zhang H, Chen Y, Liu B. Ultrasound-Assisted Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction and Bioactivities of Flavonoids in Ampelopsis grossedentata Leaves. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050668. [PMID: 35267301 PMCID: PMC8909306 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) to achieve the green and efficient preparation of flavonoid extract from Ampelopsis grossedentata leaves. We then evaluated its antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. A NADES consisting of choline chloride and glucose at a molar ratio of 4:1 with 20% water was determined to be the most suitable solvent. The optimal extraction conditions were: a liquid-to-solid ratio of 30 mL/g, an ultrasonication power of 490 W, and an ultrasonication time of 6.5 min. The actual flavonoid yield was 83.93%, which was close to the predicted yield. Further, 86.75% of the flavonoids were recovered by adding the same volume of phosphate buffer saline (100 mM, pH of 7.0) to the extract solution. Although the chemical antioxidant activities of the flavonoid extract were slightly inferior to those of dihydromyricetin, the flavonoid extract could still effectively inhibit the proliferation of human breast MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing cell apoptosis, retarding the cell cycle, changing the mitochondrial membrane potential and scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The obtained results can provide a reference in the development of plant-derived functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhen
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (S.Z.); (S.C.); (S.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Si Chen
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (S.Z.); (S.C.); (S.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Sheng Geng
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (S.Z.); (S.C.); (S.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (S.Z.); (S.C.); (S.G.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Benguo Liu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; (S.Z.); (S.C.); (S.G.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (B.L.)
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22
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Frommeyer TC, Rohan CA, Spandau DF, Kemp MG, Wanner MA, Tanzi E, Travers JB. Wounding Therapies for Prevention of Photocarcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 11:813132. [PMID: 35071017 PMCID: PMC8776632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.813132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is closely linked with advanced age and ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure. More specifically, the development of NMSC is linked to diminished insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling from senescent dermal fibroblasts in geriatric skin. Consequently, keratinocyte IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) remains inactive, resulting in failure to induce appropriate protective responses including DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint signaling. This allows UVB-induced DNA damage to proliferate unchecked, which increases the likelihood of malignant transformation. NMSC is estimated to occur in 3.3 million individuals annually. The rising incidence results in increased morbidity and significant healthcare costs, which necessitate identification of effective treatment modalities. In this review, we highlight the pathogenesis of NMSC and discuss the potential of novel preventative therapies. In particular, wounding therapies such as dermabrasion, microneedling, chemical peeling, and fractionated laser resurfacing have been shown to restore IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in geriatric skin and suppress the propagation of UVB-damaged keratinocytes. This wounding response effectively rejuvenates geriatric skin and decreases the incidence of age-associated NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Frommeyer
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Craig A. Rohan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Dan F. Spandau
- Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Richard A. Roudebush Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michael G. Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Molly A. Wanner
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
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23
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Age-Related Changes of Gene Expression Profiles in Drosophila. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121982. [PMID: 34946931 PMCID: PMC8701748 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An individual’s gene expression profile changes throughout their life. This change in gene expression is shaped by differences in physiological needs and functions between the younger and older organism. Despite intensive studies, the aging process is not fully understood, and several genes involved in this process may remain to be identified. Here we report a transcriptomic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster using microarrays. We compared the expression profiles of two-day-old female adult flies with those of 45-day-old flies. We identified 1184 genes with pronounced differences in expression level between young and old age groups. Most genes involved in muscle development/maintenance that display different levels of expression with age were downregulated in older flies. Many of these genes contributed to sarcomere formation and function. Several of these genes were functionally related to direct and indirect flight muscles; some of them were exclusively expressed in these muscles. Conversely, several genes involved in apoptosis processes were upregulated in aging flies. In addition, several genes involved in resistance to toxic chemicals were upregulated in aging flies, which is consistent with a global upregulation of the defense response system in aging flies. Finally, we randomly selected 12 genes among 232 genes with unknown function and generated transgenic flies expressing recombinant proteins fused with GFP protein to determine their subcellular expression. We also found that the knockdown of some of those 12 genes can affect the lifespan of flies.
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24
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Wattanathamsan O, Chetprayoon P, Chantaravisoot N, Wongkongkathep P, Chanvorachote P, Pongrakhananon V. CAMSAP3 depletion induces lung cancer cell senescence-associated phenotypes through extracellular signal-regulated kinase inactivation. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8961-8975. [PMID: 34724356 PMCID: PMC8683528 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence is an aging‐related process found in cancer cells that contributes to irreversible growth arrest and tumor aggressiveness. Recently, calmodulin‐regulated spectrin‐associated protein 3 (CAMSAP3), a minus‐end microtubule‐stabilizing protein, has received increasing attention in cancer cell biology. However, the biological role of CAMSAP3 on senescence in human lung cancer remains incompletely understood. Methods The function of CAMSAP3 on the regulation of cellular senescence‐associated phenotypes in human non‐small cell lung cancer H460 cells were determined in CAMSAP3 deletion (H460/C3ko) cells. The effects of CAMSAP3 on cell proliferation were investigated using MTT and colony formation assays. The cell cycle activity was evaluated by flow cytometry and the senescence‐associated phenotypes were observed by SA‐β‐Gal staining. Quantitative RT‐PCR and westen blot were used to evaluate the expression of cell cycle and senescence markers. Moreover, the interaction of CAMSAP3‐ERK1/2 and possible partner protein was quantified using immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence. Lastly, an xenograft model were performed. Results CAMSAP3 knockout promotes lung cancer cell senescence‐associated phenotypes and induces G1 cell cycle arrest. Mechanistic investigation revealed that phosphorylated ERK (p‐ERK) was markedly downregulated in CAMSAP3‐deleted cells, suppressing cyclin D1 expression levels, and full‐length CAMSAP3 abrogated these phenotypes. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that vimentin, an intermediate filament protein, is required as a scaffold for CAMSAP3‐modulating ERK signaling. Furthermore, an in vivo tumor xenograft experiment showed that tumor initiation is potentially delayed in CAMSAP3 knockout tumors with the downregulation of p‐ERK and cyclin D1, resulting in a senescence‐like phenotype. Conclusion This study is the first to report an intriguing role of CAMSAP3 in lung carcinoma cell senescence‐associated phenotypes via the modulation of p‐ERK/cyclin D1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onsurang Wattanathamsan
- Inter-Department Program of Pharmacology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paninee Chetprayoon
- Toxicology and Bio Evaluation Service Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Naphat Chantaravisoot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piriya Wongkongkathep
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Cell-based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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25
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Wen J, Wang Y, Yuan M, Huang Z, Zou Q, Pu Y, Zhao B, Cai Z. Role of mismatch repair in aging. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3923-3935. [PMID: 34671209 PMCID: PMC8495402 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A common feature of aging is the accumulation of genetic damage throughout life. DNA damage can lead to genomic instability. Many diseases associated with premature aging are a result of increased accumulation of DNA damage. In order to minimize these damages, organisms have evolved a complex network of DNA repair mechanisms, including mismatch repair (MMR). In this review, we detail the effects of MMR on genomic instability and its role in aging emphasizing on the association between MMR and the other hallmarks of aging, serving to drive or amplify these mechanisms. These hallmarks include telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered nutrient sensing and cell senescence. The close relationship between MMR and these markers may provide prevention and treatment strategies, to reduce the incidence of age-related diseases and promote the healthy aging of human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China.,Department and Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524001, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of aging related cardio cerebral diseases, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Zhenting Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Yinshuang Pu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department and Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524001, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of aging related cardio cerebral diseases, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400013, China
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26
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Cellular Senescence in Lung Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137012. [PMID: 34209809 PMCID: PMC8267738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are chronic and ultimately fatal age-related lung diseases characterized by the progressive and irreversible accumulation of scar tissue in the lung parenchyma. Over the past years, significant progress has been made in our incomplete understanding of the pathobiology underlying fibrosing ILDs, in particular in relation to diverse age-related processes and cell perturbations that seem to lead to maladaptation to stress and susceptibility to lung fibrosis. Growing evidence suggests that a specific biological phenomenon known as cellular senescence plays an important role in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Cellular senescence is defined as a cell fate decision caused by the accumulation of unrepairable cellular damage and is characterized by an abundant pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic secretome. The senescence response has been widely recognized as a beneficial physiological mechanism during development and in tumour suppression. However, recent evidence strengthens the idea that it also drives degenerative processes such as lung fibrosis, most likely by promoting molecular and cellular changes in chronic fibrosing processes. Here, we review how cellular senescence may contribute to lung fibrosis pathobiology, and we highlight current and emerging therapeutic approaches to treat fibrosing ILDs by targeting cellular senescence.
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27
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The evolution of multicellularity and cancer: views and paradigms. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1505-1518. [PMID: 32677677 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Conceptually and mechanistically, the evolution of multicellularity required the integration of single cells into new functionally, reproductively and evolutionary stable multicellular individuals. As part of this process, a change in levels of selection occurred, with selection at the multicellular level overriding selection at the cell level. The stability of multicellular individuals is dependent on a combination of mechanisms that supress within-group evolution, by both reducing the occurrence of somatic mutations as well as supressing somatic selection. Nevertheless, mutations that, in a particular microenvironment, confer mutant lineages a fitness advantage relative to normal somatic cells do occur, and can result in cancer. This minireview highlights several views and paradigms that relate the evolution of multicellularity to cancer. As a phenomenon, cancer is generally understood as a failure of multicellular systems to suppress somatic evolution. However, as a disease, cancer is interpreted in different frameworks: (i) a breakdown of cooperative behaviors underlying the evolution of multicellularity, (ii) a disruption of molecular networks established during the emergence of multicellularity to impose constraints on single-celled units, or (iii) an atavistic state resulting from reactivating primitive programs that originated in the earliest unicellular species. A number of assumptions are common in all the views relating cancer as a disease to the evolution of multicellularity. For instance, cancer is considered a reversal to unicellularity, and cancer cells are thought to both resemble unicellular organisms and benefit from ancestral-like traits. Nevertheless, potential limitations of current paradigms should be acknowledged as different perspectives can provide novel insights with potential therapeutic implications.
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28
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Mehta IS, Riyahi K, Pereira RT, Meaburn KJ, Figgitt M, Kill IR, Eskiw CH, Bridger JM. Interphase Chromosomes in Replicative Senescence: Chromosome Positioning as a Senescence Biomarker and the Lack of Nuclear Motor-Driven Chromosome Repositioning in Senescent Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640200. [PMID: 34113611 PMCID: PMC8185894 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates, and confirms, that chromosome territory positioning is altered in primary senescent human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The chromosome territory positioning pattern is very similar to that found in HDFs made quiescent either by serum starvation or confluence; but not completely. A few chromosomes are found in different locations. One chromosome in particular stands out, chromosome 10, which is located in an intermediate location in young proliferating HDFs, but is found at the nuclear periphery in quiescent cells and in an opposing location of the nuclear interior in senescent HDFs. We have previously demonstrated that individual chromosome territories can be actively and rapidly relocated, with 15 min, after removal of serum from the culture media. These chromosome relocations require nuclear motor activity through the presence of nuclear myosin 1β (NM1β). We now also demonstrate rapid chromosome movement in HDFs after heat-shock at 42°C. Others have shown that heat shock genes are actively relocated using nuclear motor protein activity via actin or NM1β (Khanna et al., 2014; Pradhan et al., 2020). However, this current study reveals, that in senescent HDFs, chromosomes can no longer be relocated to expected nuclear locations upon these two types of stimuli. This coincides with a entirely different organisation and distribution of NM1β within senescent HDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita S Mehta
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Kingston Lane, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Kumars Riyahi
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Kingston Lane, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Torres Pereira
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Kingston Lane, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Meaburn
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Kingston Lane, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Figgitt
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Kingston Lane, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Kill
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Kingston Lane, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher H Eskiw
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Joanna M Bridger
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Kingston Lane, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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29
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Benítez S, Cordero A, Santamaría PG, Redondo-Pedraza J, Rocha AS, Collado-Solé A, Jimenez M, Sanz-Moreno A, Yoldi G, Santos JC, De Benedictis I, Gómez-Aleza C, Da Silva-Álvarez S, Troulé K, Gómez-López G, Alcazar N, Palmero I, Collado M, Serrano M, Gonzalez-Suarez E. RANK links senescence to stemness in the mammary epithelia, delaying tumor onset but increasing tumor aggressiveness. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1727-1741.e7. [PMID: 34004159 PMCID: PMC8221814 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rank signaling enhances stemness in mouse and human mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and mediates mammary tumor initiation. Mammary tumors initiated by oncogenes or carcinogen exposure display high levels of Rank and Rank pathway inhibitors have emerged as a new strategy for breast cancer prevention and treatment. Here, we show that ectopic Rank expression in the mammary epithelia unexpectedly delays tumor onset and reduces tumor incidence in the oncogene-driven Neu and PyMT models. Mechanistically, we have found that ectopic expression of Rank or exposure to Rankl induces senescence, even in the absence of other oncogenic mutations. Rank leads to DNA damage and senescence through p16/p19. Moreover, RANK-induced senescence is essential for Rank-driven stemness, and although initially translates into delayed tumor growth, eventually promotes tumor progression and metastasis. We uncover a dual role for Rank in the mammary epithelia: Rank induces senescence and stemness, delaying tumor initiation but increasing tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Benítez
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Cordero
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Patricia G Santamaría
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | | | - Ana S Rocha
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Collado-Solé
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jimenez
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Sanz-Moreno
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, HMGU, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Guillermo Yoldi
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana C Santos
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ilaria De Benedictis
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Gómez-Aleza
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Da Silva-Álvarez
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), E15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kevin Troulé
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Noelia Alcazar
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Palmero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Collado
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), E15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Suarez
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Zhou YJ, Lu XF, Meng JL, Wang QW, Chen JN, Zhang QW, Zheng KI, Rocha CS, Martins CB, Yan FR, Li XB. Specific epigenetic age acceleration patterns among four molecular subtypes of gastric cancer and their prognostic value. Epigenomics 2021; 13:767-778. [PMID: 33876652 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To determine the association of the methylation age (Horvath epigenetic clock) of gastric cancer (GC) tissues with molecular subtypes and patient survival. Materials & methods: Multivariate regression models were used to determine the association of methylation age acceleration (AA) with the clinical and molecular characteristics of 333 GC patients. Results: Relative to the chromosomal instability subtype, the epigenetic AA was 49.8 (95% CI: 42.7-56.9) years for Epstein-Barr virus, 16.1 (10.6-21.6) years for microsatellite instability, and 6.05 (0.1-11.1) years for genomic stability subtype. GC patients with accelerated aging of tumor tissues had better outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.13; p = 0.03). Differentially methylated probes in patients with accelerated and decelerated methylation aging enriched in pathways including BMP signaling, HMGB1 signaling, STAT3 signaling and human embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Conclusions: Our results highlight the prognostic value of epigenetic AA in GC and suggest that epigenetic AA is also an indicator of molecular subtype in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia-Lin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.,Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester 14620, NY, USA
| | - Qi-Wen Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jin-Nan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Kenneth I Zheng
- Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Claudia S Rocha
- School of International Studies, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Carla B Martins
- School of International Studies, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Fang-Rong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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31
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Kumari R, Jat P. Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence: Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645593. [PMID: 33855023 PMCID: PMC8039141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 608] [Impact Index Per Article: 202.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that can be triggered in normal cells in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, as well as developmental signals. Senescence is considered to be a highly dynamic, multi-step process, during which the properties of senescent cells continuously evolve and diversify in a context dependent manner. It is associated with multiple cellular and molecular changes and distinct phenotypic alterations, including a stable proliferation arrest unresponsive to mitogenic stimuli. Senescent cells remain viable, have alterations in metabolic activity and undergo dramatic changes in gene expression and develop a complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Cellular senescence can compromise tissue repair and regeneration, thereby contributing toward aging. Removal of senescent cells can attenuate age-related tissue dysfunction and extend health span. Senescence can also act as a potent anti-tumor mechanism, by preventing proliferation of potentially cancerous cells. It is a cellular program which acts as a double-edged sword, with both beneficial and detrimental effects on the health of the organism, and considered to be an example of evolutionary antagonistic pleiotropy. Activation of the p53/p21WAF1/CIP1 and p16INK4A/pRB tumor suppressor pathways play a central role in regulating senescence. Several other pathways have recently been implicated in mediating senescence and the senescent phenotype. Herein we review the molecular mechanisms that underlie cellular senescence and the senescence associated growth arrest with a particular focus on why cells stop dividing, the stability of the growth arrest, the hypersecretory phenotype and how the different pathways are all integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Kumari
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Parmjit Jat
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
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Chen T, Wang F, Wei S, Nie Y, Zheng X, Deng Y, Zhu X, Deng Y, Zhong N, Zhou C. FGFR/RACK1 interacts with MDM2, promotes P53 degradation, and inhibits cell senescence in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0389. [PMID: 33710818 PMCID: PMC8330524 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FGFR is considered an important driver gene of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Thus, identification of the biological events downstream of FGFR is important for the treatment of this malignancy. Our previous study has shown that the FGFR/RACK1 complex interacts with PKM2 and consequently promotes glycolysis in LSCC cells. However, the biological functions of the FGFR/RACK1 complex remain poorly understood. METHODS Anchorage-independent assays and in vivo tumorigenesis assays were performed to evaluate cancer cell malignancy. Distant seeding assays were performed to evaluate cancer cell metastasis. β-gal staining was used to examine cell senescence, and immunoprecipitation assays were performed to examine the interactions among FGFR, RACK1, and MDM2. RESULTS FGFR/RACK1 was found to regulate the senescence of LSCC cells. Treatment with PD166866, an inhibitor of FGFR, or knockdown of RACK1 induced senescence in LSCC cells (P < 0.01). A molecular mechanistic study showed that FGFR/RACK1/MDM2 form a complex that promotes the degradation of p53 and thus inhibits cell senescence. PD166866 and RG7112, an MDM2/p53 inhibitor, cooperatively inhibited the colony formation and distal seeding of LSCC cells (P < 0.01), and upregulated the expression of p53 and p21. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings revealed the regulatory roles and mechanisms of FGFR/RACK1 in cell senescence. This understanding should be important in the treatment of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shupei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yingjie Nie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Clinical Research Lab Center, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang OK 550002, China
| | - Xiaotao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xubin Zhu
- Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Affiliated Shenzhen Longgang Central Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Yuezhen Deng
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Analyses of cancer incidence and other morbidities in neutron irradiated B6CF1 mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0231511. [PMID: 33657093 PMCID: PMC7928494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Department of Energy conduced ten large-scale neutron irradiation experiments at Argonne National Laboratory between 1972 and 1989. Using a new approach to utilize experimental controls to determine whether a cross comparison between experiments was appropriate, we amalgamated data on neutron exposures to discover that fractionation significantly improved overall survival. A more detailed investigation showed that fractionation only had a significant impact on the death hazard for animals that died from solid tumors, but did not significantly impact any other causes of death. Additionally, we compared the effects of sex, age first irradiated, and radiation fractionation on neutron irradiated mice versus cobalt 60 gamma irradiated mice and found that solid tumors were the most common cause of death in neutron irradiated mice, while lymphomas were the dominant cause of death in gamma irradiated mice. Most animals in this study were irradiated before 150 days of age but a subset of mice was first exposed to gamma or neutron irradiation over 500 days of age. Advanced age played a significant role in decreasing the death hazard for neutron irradiated mice, but not for gamma irradiated mice. Mice that were 500 days old before their first exposures to neutrons began dying later than both sham irradiated or gamma irradiated mice.
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Wanner E, Thoppil H, Riabowol K. Senescence and Apoptosis: Architects of Mammalian Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620089. [PMID: 33537310 PMCID: PMC7848110 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian development involves an exquisite choreography of cell division, differentiation, locomotion, programmed cell death, and senescence that directs the transformation of a single cell zygote to a mature organism containing on the order of 40 trillion cells in humans. How a single totipotent zygote undergoes the rapid stages of embryonic development to form over 200 different cell types is complex in the extreme and remains the focus of active research. Processes such as programmed cell death or apoptosis has long been known to occur during development to help sculpt organs and tissue systems. Other processes such as cellular senescence, long thought to only occur in pathologic states such as aging and tumorigenesis have been recently reported to play a vital role in development. In this review, we focus on apoptosis and senescence; the former as an integral mechanism that plays a critical role not only in mature organisms, but that is also essential in shaping mammalian development. The latter as a well-defined feature of aging for which some reports indicate a function in development. We will dissect the dual roles of major gene families, pathways such as Hox, Rb, p53, and epigenetic regulators such as the ING proteins in both early and the late stages and how they play antagonistic roles by increasing fitness and decreasing mortality early in life but contribute to deleterious effects and pathologies later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wanner
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Harikrishnan Thoppil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karl Riabowol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Greenwell JC, Torres-Gonzalez E, Ritzenthaler JD, Roman J. Interplay between aging, lung inflammation/remodeling, and fibronectin EDA in lung cancer progression. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:1109-1118. [PMID: 33222614 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1831372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Since most lung cancers occur in aged individuals with chronic lung disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis, we hypothesized that aging and tissue inflammation/remodeling act in concert to promote lung cancer progression. To test this, we engaged in studies using young and aged C57BL/6 mice in conjunction with bleomycin treatment in a syngeneic model of lung cancer. Wildtype young (3 months) and aged (9 months) C57BL/6 mice were injected with Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells at day 14 after injection with phosphate-buffered saline or bleomycin. Untreated aged mice were found to develop more lung metastases than young mice. Bleomycin induced weight loss and lung inflammation/remodeling in both young and aged mice, and it increased the number of lung metastases in aged lungs, but not in young lungs. Since aged lungs show alterations in the expression of fibronectin EDA, we repeated studies in aged WT and aged FN EDA KO mice. In the absence of tissue remodeling/inflammation, WT and FN EDA KO mice developed the same number of metastases when injected with LLC cells. However, the increase in lung metastasis due to bleomycin treatment was abolished in FN EDA KO mice, but only in aged and injured lungs. Together, these studies show increased lung cancer metastasis in aging animals and point to the influence of FN EDA and injury in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Greenwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Health Sciences Center , Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Edilson Torres-Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Disorders, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center , Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care and the Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Ritzenthaler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Disorders, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center , Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care and the Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Health Sciences Center , Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Disorders, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center , Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care and the Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Robley Rex VA Medical Center , Louisville, KY, USA
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Contribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide to experimental periodontitis in relation to aging. GeroScience 2020; 43:367-376. [PMID: 32851571 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with increased prevalence and severity of pathogenic outcomes of periodontal disease, including soft tissue degeneration and bone loss around the teeth. Although lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) plays an important role in the promotion of inflammation and osteoclastogenesis via toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signaling, its pathophysiological role in age-associated periodontitis remains unclear. This study investigated the possible effects of Pg-LPS on RANKL-primed osteoclastogenesis and ligature-induced periodontitis in relation to aging using young (2 months old) and aged (24 months old) mice. To the best of our knowledge, our results indicated that expression of TLR4 was significantly diminished on the surface of osteoclast precursors isolated from aged mice compared with that of young mice. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that the TLR4 antagonist (TAK242) dramatically decreased the numbers of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive (TRAP+) osteoclasts differentiated from RANKL-primed young osteoclast precursors (OCPs) compared with those isolated from aged mice in response to Pg-LPS. In addition, using a ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model, we demonstrated that Pg-LPS elevated (1) secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers, including the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as well as osteoclastogenic RANKL, and (2) the number of OCPs and TRAP+ osteoclasts in the periodontal lesion induced in young mice. In contrast, Pg-LPS had little, or no, effect on the promotion of periodontitis inflammation induced in aged mice. Altogether, these results indicated that periodontal disease in older mice occurs in a manner independent of canonical signaling elicited by the Pg-LPS/TLR4 axis.
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Guo Y, Lu Y, Jin H. Appraising the role of circulating concentrations of micro-nutrients in epithelial ovarian cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7356. [PMID: 32355161 PMCID: PMC7193611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the causality of micro-nutrients concentrations and risk of ovarian cancer using the Mendelian randomization approach. Analyses were conducted using summary statistics data for SNPs robustly associated with concentrations of thirteen micro-nutrients (iron, copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, vitamin A, β-carotene, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin E, folate). The corresponding data for ovarian cancer were obtained from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (25,509 cases and 40,941 controls). In standard Mendelian randomization analysis, the odds ratios (OR) of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer were 0.14 (95% CI, 0.03-0.70; P = 0.02) per 0.1 mmol/L (about one standard deviation, SD) increase in genetically predicted magnesium concentration, 1.04 (95% CI, 1.00-1.09; P = 0.03) per 0.3 μmol/liter (about one SD) increase in genetically predicted β-carotene concentration. The OR of low malignant potential tumours were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.76-0.90; P = 1.01 × 10-5) per 0.3 μmol/liter (about one SD) increase in β-carotene concentration, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.21-1.68; P = 3 × 10-5) per 153 pmol/L (about one SD) increase in vitamin B12 concentration, 0.21 (95% CI, 0.06-0.76; P = 0.02) per 6 mg/L (about one SD) increase in vitamin E concentration. No significant associations of other micro-nutrients and ovarian cancer were observed. This study found that an increased risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer was observed with a genetically higher concentration of β-carotene, whereas a decreased risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer was found with a higher concentration of magnesium. As for low malignant potential tumours, increased concentration of vitamin B12 could increase the risk of low malignant potential tumours, while increased concentrations of β-carotene and vitamin E could lower the risk of low malignant potential tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Mongiat-Artus P, Paillaud E, Albrand G, Neuzillet Y. [Onco-urology of the aging patient: Epidemiological and biological aspects]. Prog Urol 2020; 29:797-806. [PMID: 31771765 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.08.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE First, to present the epidemiological data of aging and of cancers and to describe the respectives expected evolutions. Second, to present biological and genetic data on aging and on the relationships between aging and oncogenesis. METHOD Bibliographic search from the Medline bibliographic database (NLM Pubmed tool) and Embase, as well as from the web sites of geriatric scientific societies, the United Nations, the World Bank, the World Health Organization, the Institut National du Cancer and the Ligue Contre le Cancer from the following keywords: aging, elderly, cancer, epidemiology, biology, genetics. RESULTS The entire world population is aging very significantly and very rapidly. In France, new cases of cancer are diagnosed in 62.4% of cases in patients over 65 and in 11.5% of cases in patients over 80 years. Cancer mortality occurs in 75.3% of cases in patients over 65 years of age and in 24.8% of cases in patients over 80 years of age. Cancer-specific mortality is consistently higher in patients older than 75 years compared to younger patients; this reflects, among other things, an age discrimination which is called agism. It has been established that cellular aging is marked by 9 major families of biological and genomic abnormalities. Biological aging and oncogenesis are intertwined with increasingly well established relationships. They are both the product of natural selection and they are found in all species with both renewal tissues and a distinction between germinal tissue and somatic tissue. CONCLUSION Epidemiological data predict that oncology, including urological oncology, is becoming very predominantly geriatric oncology; it is critical and urgent that society be prepared for it and that every care-giver be prepared, that is, be specifically trained. Biological and genetic data argue for a great entanglement between aging and oncogenesis; research in each of these areas should be reconciled for mutual benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mongiat-Artus
- Inserm UMR_S1165, service d'urologie et unité de chirurgie et d'anesthésie ambulatoires, hôpital Saint-Louis, université Paris Diderot, université de Paris, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - E Paillaud
- EA 7376 épidémiologie cinique et vieillissement, service de gériatrie - unité d'Onco-Gériatrie et UCOG - Paris-Ouest, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, universite René descartes, université de Paris, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 69310 Paris, France
| | - G Albrand
- Service de Gériatrie et UCOG - IR, AuRA Ouest-Guyane, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, hospices civils de Lyon, 92150 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Y Neuzillet
- Service d'urologie, hôpital Foch, université de Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes, France
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Yuedi D, Houbao L, Pinxiang L, Hui W, Min T, Dexiang Z. KLF2 induces the senescence of pancreatic cancer cells by cooperating with FOXO4 to upregulate p21. Exp Cell Res 2020; 388:111784. [PMID: 31866399 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Shao ZQ, Zhang X, Fan HH, Wang XS, Wu HM, Zhang L, Cheng WH, Zhu JH. Selenoprotein T Promotes Proliferation and G1-to-S Transition in SK-N-SH Cells: Implications in Parkinson's Disease. J Nutr 2019; 149:2110-2119. [PMID: 31504723 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium is prioritized to the brain mainly for selenoprotein expression. Selenoprotein T (SELENOT) protects dopaminergic, postmitotic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE We hypothesized a proliferative role of SELENOT in neural cells. METHODS To assess SELENOT status in PD, sedated male C57BL/6 mice at 10-12 wk of age were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine in neurons, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 9 healthy subjects (56% men, 68-y-old) and 11 subjects with PD (64% men, 63-y-old). Dopaminergic neural progenitor-like SK-N-SH cells with transient SELENOT overexpression or knockdown were maintained in the presence or absence of the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine and the calcium channel blocker nimodipine. Cell cycle, proliferation, and signaling parameters were determined by immunoblotting, qPCR, and flow cytometry. RESULTS SELENOT mRNA abundance was increased (P < 0.05) in SK-N-SH cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (3.5-fold) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PD patients (1.6-fold). Likewise, SELENOT was expressed in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neurons of 6-hydroxydopamine-injected mice. Knockdown of SELENOT in SK-N-SH cells suppressed (54%; P < 0.05) 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation but induced (17-47%; P < 0.05) annexin V-positive cells, CASPASE-3 cleavage, and G1/S cell cycle arrest. SELENOT knockdown and overexpression increased (88-120%; P < 0.05) and reduced (37-42%; P < 0.05) both forkhead box O3 and p27, but reduced (51%; P < 0.05) and increased (1.2-fold; P < 0.05) cyclin-dependent kinase 4 protein abundance, respectively. These protein changes were diminished by nimodipine or N-acetyl-l-cysteine treatment (24 h) at steady-state levels. While the N-acetyl-l-cysteine treatment did not influence the reduction in the amount of calcium (13%; P < 0.05) by SELENOT knockdown, the nimodipine treatment reversed the decreased amount of reactive oxygen species (33%; P < 0.05) by SELENOT overexpression. CONCLUSIONS These cellular and mouse data link SELENOT to neural proliferation, expanding our understanding of selenium protection in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qiang Shao
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Hui Fan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Mei Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.,Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Targeting normal and cancer senescent cells as a strategy of senotherapy. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 55:100941. [PMID: 31408714 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Senotherapy is an antiageing strategy. It refers to selective killing of senescent cells by senolytic agents, strengthening the activity of immune cells that eliminate senescent cells or alleviating the secretory phenotype (SASP) of senescent cells. As senescent cells accumulate with age and are considered to be at the root of age-related disorders, senotherapy seems to be very promising in improving healthspan. Genetic approaches, which allowed to selectively induce death of senescent cells in transgenic mice, provided proof-of-concept evidence that elimination of senescent cells can be a therapeutic approach for treating many age-related diseases. Translating these results into humans is based on searching for synthetic and natural compounds, which are able to exert such beneficial effects. The major challenge in the field is to show efficacy, safety and tolerability of senotherapy in humans. The question is how these therapeutics can influence senescence of non-dividing post-mitotic cells. Another issue concerns senescence of cancer cells induced during therapy as there is a risk of resumption of senescent cell division that could terminate in cancer renewal. Thus, development of an effective senotherapeutic strategy is also an urgent issue in cancer treatment. Different aspects, both beneficial and potentially detrimental, will be discussed in this review.
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Fluen T, Hardcastle M, Smith HL, Gear RNA. Retrospective study of the relative frequency of feline hepatobiliary disease in New Zealand based on 10 years of hepatic biopsy samples. Vet Rec Open 2019; 6:e000367. [PMID: 31673378 PMCID: PMC6802989 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2019-000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To retrospectively determine the relative frequency of feline hepatobiliary diseases from biopsy specimens submitted to a single laboratory across a 10-year period and to establish whether age, sex or breed associations exist. Methods Histopathological data from 154 liver biopsies of New Zealand cats sampled between 2008 and 2018 were analysed. The samples were allocated to primary, secondary and tertiary disease categories using criteria established by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association. Breed associations were derived using ORs and 95% CIs. Gender and age associations were also evaluated. Results The most frequently diagnosed hepatobiliary diseases were lymphocytic cholangitis (20 per cent), hepatitis (16.9 per cent), reversible hepatocellular injury (16.4 per cent), neutrophilic cholangitis (9.7 per cent), haematopoietic neoplasia (9.7 per cent), hepatocellular neoplasia (5.6 per cent) and cholangiocellular neoplasia (4.1 per cent). Burmese cats were found to be at significantly increased risk of both biliary and parenchymal diseases and Birman cats to be at significantly increased risk of parenchymal disease. Domestic longhair cats were at significantly increased risk of hepatobiliary neoplasia. Birman cats were at significantly increased risk of hepatitis while domestic shorthair cats were at significantly decreased risk of neutrophilic cholangitis, reversible hepatocellular injury and hepatitis. Conclusions This study is the first retrospective examination of the relative frequency of hepatobiliary disease in biopsy specimens from New Zealand cats. Some breeds were associated with specific histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fluen
- Internal Medicine, Veterinary Internal Medicine Specialists, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Hardcastle
- Anatomical Pathology, Gribbles Veterinary Pathology New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen L Smith
- PRIMER-e (Quest Research), Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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Pedersen JK, Rosholm JU, Ewertz M, Engholm G, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, Christensen K. Declining cancer incidence at the oldest ages: Hallmark of aging or lower diagnostic activity? J Geriatr Oncol 2019; 10:792-798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Li L, van Breugel PC, Loayza-Puch F, Ugalde AP, Korkmaz G, Messika-Gold N, Han R, Lopes R, Barbera EP, Teunissen H, de Wit E, Soares RJ, Nielsen BS, Holmstrøm K, Martínez-Herrera DJ, Huarte M, Louloupi A, Drost J, Elkon R, Agami R. LncRNA-OIS1 regulates DPP4 activation to modulate senescence induced by RAS. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:4213-4227. [PMID: 29481642 PMCID: PMC5934637 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), provoked in response to oncogenic activation, is considered an important tumor suppressor mechanism. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nt without a protein-coding capacity. Functional studies showed that deregulated lncRNA expression promote tumorigenesis and metastasis and that lncRNAs may exhibit tumor-suppressive and oncogenic function. Here, we first identified lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between senescent and non-senescent human fibroblast cells. Using RNA interference, we performed a loss-function screen targeting the differentially expressed lncRNAs, and identified lncRNA-OIS1 (lncRNA#32, AC008063.3 or ENSG00000233397) as a lncRNA required for OIS. Knockdown of lncRNA-OIS1 triggered bypass of senescence, higher proliferation rate, lower abundance of the cell-cycle inhibitor CDKN1A and high expression of cell-cycle-associated genes. Subcellular inspection of lncRNA-OIS1 indicated nuclear and cytosolic localization in both normal culture conditions as well as following oncogene induction. Interestingly, silencing lncRNA-OIS1 diminished the senescent-associated induction of a nearby gene (Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4, DPP4) with established role in tumor suppression. Intriguingly, similar to lncRNA-OIS1, silencing DPP4 caused senescence bypass, and ectopic expression of DPP4 in lncRNA-OIS1 knockdown cells restored the senescent phenotype. Thus, our data indicate that lncRNA-OIS1 links oncogenic induction and senescence with the activation of the tumor suppressor DPP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C van Breugel
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabricio Loayza-Puch
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Pineiro Ugalde
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gozde Korkmaz
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Naama Messika-Gold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, 69978, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruiqi Han
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Lopes
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric P Barbera
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Teunissen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elzo de Wit
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kim Holmstrøm
- Bioneer A/S, Kogle Allé 2, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Maite Huarte
- Institute of Health Research of Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Annita Louloupi
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarno Drost
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ran Elkon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, 69978, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Reuven Agami
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Erasmus MC, Rotterdam University, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Lemaître J, Pavard S, Giraudeau M, Vincze O, Jennings G, Hamede R, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Eco‐evolutionary perspectives of the dynamic relationships linking senescence and cancer. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐François Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, F‐69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, UMR5558 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Unité Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS 7206 Université Paris Diderot Paris France
| | | | - Orsolya Vincze
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Ecology Group Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
- Department of Tisza Research MTA Centre for Ecological Research Debrecen Hungary
| | - Geordie Jennings
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
- School of Natural Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Waurn Ponds Victoria Australia
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46
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Libertini G, Ferrara N, Rengo G, Corbi G. Elimination of Senescent Cells: Prospects According to the Subtelomere-Telomere Theory. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 83:1477-1488. [PMID: 30878023 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918120064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell senescence is an artificially reversible condition activated by various factors and characterized by replicative senescence and typical general alteration of cell functions, including extra-cellular secretion. The number of senescent cells increases with age and contributes strongly to the manifestations of aging. For these reasons, research is under way to obtain "senolytic" compounds, defined as drugs that eliminate senescent cells and therefore reduce aging-associated decay, as already shown in some experiments on animal models. This objective is analyzed in the context of the programmed aging paradigm, as described by the mechanisms of the subtelomere-telomere theory. In this regard, positive effects of the elimination of senescent cells and limits of this method are discussed. For comparison, positive effects and limits of telomerase activation are also analyzed, as well of the combined action of the two methods and the possible association of opportune gene modifications. Ethical issues associated with the use of these methods are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Libertini
- Federico II University, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, 80138, Italy.
| | - N Ferrara
- Federico II University, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - G Rengo
- Federico II University, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - G Corbi
- Federico II University, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, 80138, Italy
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin D O'Sullivan
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Katie J Mylonas
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - David A Ferenbach
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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48
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Warny M, Helby J, Sengeløv H, Nordestgaard BG, Birgens H, Bojesen SE. Bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length in acute myeloid leukaemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. Eur J Haematol 2019; 102:218-226. [PMID: 30427547 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Short telomere length is a known risk factor for developing clonal haematopoietic stem cell disorders, probably due to chromosomal instability. We tested the hypotheses that bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length change from diagnosis through chemotherapy-induced remission and relapse, and that long telomere length is associated with low risk of relapse and all-cause mortality in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. METHODS We measured telomere length in bone marrow mononuclear cells from 233 patients at diagnosis, 112 patients at chemotherapy-induced remission and 58 patients at relapse of disease. RESULTS In patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length was similar at diagnosis and relapse, but increased after chemotherapy-induced remission. Furthermore, bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length was longer in patients with higher age at diagnosis. There was no association between telomere length at diagnosis, remission or relapse and all-cause mortality, nor did we find any association between telomere length at diagnosis or remission and risk of relapse. CONCLUSION In patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, bone marrow mononuclear cell telomere length increased from diagnosis to remission. Furthermore, telomere length paradoxically was longer at higher age at diagnosis, even after adjusting for known risk factors of disease severity. Finally, we did not detect any prognostic information in telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Warny
- Department of Haematology, Herlev and Gentofte hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Helby
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sengeløv
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Haematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birgens
- Department of Haematology, Herlev and Gentofte hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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49
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Zhang L, Zeng H, Cheng WH. Beneficial and paradoxical roles of selenium at nutritional levels of intake in healthspan and longevity. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:3-13. [PMID: 29782991 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of genome and macromolecule damage is a hallmark of aging, age-associated degeneration, and genome instability syndromes. Although processes of aging are irreversible, they can be modulated by genome maintenance pathways and environmental factors such as diet. Selenium (Se) confers its physiological functions mainly through selenoproteins, but Se compounds and other proteins that incorporate Se nonspecifically also impact optimal health. Bruce Ames proposed that the aging process could be mitigated by a subset of low-hierarchy selenoproteins whose levels are preferentially reduced in response to Se deficiency. Consistent with this notion, results from two selenotranscriptomic studies collectively implicate three low-hierarchy selenoproteins in age or senescence. Experimental evidence generally supports beneficial roles of selenoproteins in the protection against damage accumulation and redox imbalance, but some selenoproteins have also been reported to unexpectedly display harmful functions under sporadic conditions. While longevity and healthspan are usually thought to be projected in parallel, emerging evidence suggests a trade-off between longevity promotion and healthspan deterioration with damage accumulation. We propose that longevity promotion under conditions of Se deficiency may be attributed to 1) stress-response hormesis, an advantageous event of resistance to toxic chemicals at low doses; 2) reduced expression of selenoproteins with paradoxical functions to a lesser extent. In particular, selenoprotein H is an evolutionally conserved nuclear selenoprotein postulated to confer Se functions in redox regulation, genome maintenance, and senescence. This review highlights the need to pinpoint roles of specific selenoproteins and Se compounds in healthspan and lifespan for a better understanding of Se contribution at nutritional levels of intake to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - Huawei Zeng
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA.
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50
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Hamann L, Ruiz-Moreno JS, Szwed M, Mossakowska M, Lundvall L, Schumann RR, Opitz B, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M. STING SNP R293Q Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Aging-Related Diseases. Gerontology 2018; 65:145-154. [PMID: 30368497 DOI: 10.1159/000492972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a multifactorial process driven by several conditions. Among them, inflamm-aging is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation driving aging-related diseases. The aged immune system is characterized by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, resulting in the release of proinflammatory cytokines contributing to inflamm-aging. Another possible mechanism resulting in inflamm-aging could be the increased release of danger- associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by increased cell death in the elderly, leading to a chronic low-grade inflammatory response. Several pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are involved in recognition of DAMPs. The DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway plays a pivotal role in combating viral and bacterial infections and recognizes DNA released by cell death during the process of aging, which in turn may result in increased inflamm-aging. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether a variation within the STING gene with known impaired function may be associated with protection from aging-related diseases by decreasing the process of inflamm-aging. METHODS STING (Tmem173) R293Q was genotyped in a cohort of 3,397 aged subjects (65-103 years). The distribution of the variant allele in healthy subjects and subjects suffering from aging-associated diseases was compared by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We show here that STING 293Q allele carriers were protected from aging-associated diseases (OR = 0.823, p = 0.038). This effect was much stronger in the subgroup of subjects suffering from chronic lung diseases (OR = 0.730, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that decreased sensitivity of the innate immune receptors is associated with healthy aging, most likely due to a decreased process of inflamm-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Hamann
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Charité - University Medical Center, Berlin,
| | - Juan S Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Szwed
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Mossakowska
- PolSenior Project, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Linn Lundvall
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Charité - University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf R Schumann
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Charité - University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
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