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Zhao C, Chen L, Jin Z, Liu H, Ma C, Zhou H, Xu L, Zhou S, Shi Y, Li W, Chen Y, Dou C, Wang X. Knockdown of MRPL35 promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in non-small-cell lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:507. [PMID: 38093266 PMCID: PMC10720070 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major pathological type of lung cancer. However, its pathogenesis remains largely unclear. MRPL35 is a regulatory subunit of the mitoribosome, which can regulate the assembly of cytochrome c oxidases and plays an important role in the occurrence of NSCLC. METHODS The expression of MRPL35 in NSCLC was detected by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. H1299 cells were infected with lentivirus to knockdown MRPL35, and the cells were subjected to crystal violet staining to assess the results of colony formation assays. A549 cells were infected by lentiviral particles-expressing shMRPL35 or shControl, and then subcutaneously injected into nude mice. Tumorigenesis in mice was detected by in vivo imaging. The potential pathway of MRPL35 in NSCLC was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS MRPL35 was over-expressed in NSCLC tissue compared to para-cancerous and normal tissues. Knockdown of MRPL35 suppressed cell proliferation and decreased NSCLC progression both in vitro and in vivo. The possible molecular mechanisms were also clarified, which indicated that MRPL35 could be involved in cell apoptosis and proliferation by modulating the expression levels of CDK1, BIRC5, CHEK1, STMN1 and MCM2. Knockdown of MRPL35 activated p53 signaling pathway and inhibited cell cycle regulation. CONCLUSIONS The oncogenic role of MRPL35 in NSCLC was potentially mediated through the cell cycle regulatory genes such as BIRC5, STMN1, CDK1, CHEK1 and MCM2, as well as activation of P53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengling Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease (Tumor) in Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease (Tumor) in Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Zhixin Jin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease (Tumor) in Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease (Tumor) in Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease (Tumor) in Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Hangtian Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
- Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease (Tumor) in Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Sihui Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
- Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
- Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Wei Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease (Tumor) in Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease (Tumor) in Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Chengli Dou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease (Tumor) in Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233004, China.
- Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China.
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease (Tumor) in Anhui Province, Bengbu, 233004, China.
- Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China.
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2
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Jiang X, Lee MJ, Luo T, Tillman L, Lin W. Co-delivery of three synergistic chemotherapeutics in a core-shell nanoscale coordination polymer for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122235. [PMID: 37441902 PMCID: PMC10528488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The combination chemotherapy regimen FOLFIRINOX comprising folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin is the first-line treatment for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, but its use remains prohibitive for the majority of patients due to severe side effects. Here, we report a core-shell nanoscale coordination polymer (NCP) nanoparticle co-delivering a potent and synergistic combination of oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, and SN38 (OGS), for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in mouse models. OGS contains key synergistic components of FOLFIRINOX in a controllable drug ratio., It exhibited particle stability in blood circulation and enhanced deposition of the drugs in acidic tumor environments. In vitro, OGS showed superior cytotoxicity over free drug combinations and robust cytotoxic synergism among its three components. In vivo, OGS improved drug circulation, increased tumor deposition, and exhibited superior antitumor efficacy over the free drug combination in both subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic tumor models. OGS treatment achieved 75-91% tumor growth inhibition and prolonged mouse survival by 1.6- to 2.8-folds while minimizing systemic toxicities such as neutropenia, hepatotoxicity, and renal toxicity. This work uncovers a novel and clinically relevant nanomedicine strategy to co-deliver synergistic combination chemotherapies for difficult-to-treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Morten J Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Taokun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Langston Tillman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, 5758, S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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3
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Elsheikh MA, Gaafar PM, Khattab MA, A. Helwah MK, Noureldin MH, Abbas H. Dual-effects of caffeinated hyalurosomes as a nano-cosmeceutical gel counteracting UV-induced skin ageing. Int J Pharm X 2023; 5:100170. [PMID: 36844895 PMCID: PMC9950955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine (CAF) is a challenging natural bioactive compound with proven antiaging efficacy. However, being hydrophilic hampers its permeation through the skin. Our aim is to develop a novel CAF-loaded nano-cosmeceutical tool counteracting skin photoaging via improving CAF skin permeation using a bioactive nanocarrier. Caffeinated hyalurosomes are novel biocompatible antiaging nanoplatforms designed by immobilization of phospholipid vesicles with a hyaluronan polymer. Physicochemical properties of the selected hyalurosomes formulation showed nano-sized vesicles (210.10 ± 1.87 nm), with high zeta potential (-31.30 ± 1.19 mv), and high encapsulation efficiency (84.60 ± 1.05%). In vitro release results showed outstanding sustained release profile from caffeinated hyalurosomes compared to the CAF-loaded in conventional gel over 24 h. The in-vivo study revealed a photoprotective effect of caffeinated hyalurosomes, reflected from the intact and wrinkling-free skin. Results of biochemical analyses of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory mediators, and anti-wrinkling markers further confirmed the efficacy of the prepared hyalurosomes compared to the CAF conventional gel. Finally, histopathological examination demonstrated normal histological structures of epidermal layers with minimal inflammatory cell infiltrates in the caffeinated hyalurosomes group compared to the positive control group. Conclusively, caffeinated hyalurosomes successfully achieved enhanced CAF loading and penetration into the skin besides the hydration effect of hyaluronan. Consequently, the developed delivery system presents a promising skin protection nano-platforms via the double effects of both hyaluronan and CAF, hence it guards against skin photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Elsheikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Passent M.E. Gaafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, P.O. Box 1029, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Khattab
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12211, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed H. Noureldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Clinical and Biological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, P.O. Box 1029, Egypt
| | - Haidy Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt,Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Bahira, Egypt Post Office, P.O. Box 22511, Damanhour, Egypt.
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4
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Nikfarjam S, Singh KK. DNA damage response signaling: A common link between cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4380-4404. [PMID: 36156462 PMCID: PMC9972122 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) signaling ensures genomic and proteomic homeostasis to maintain a healthy genome. Dysregulation either in the form of down- or upregulation in the DDR pathways correlates with various pathophysiological states, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Impaired DDR is studied as a signature mechanism for cancer; however, it also plays a role in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), inflammation, cardiovascular function, and aging, demonstrating a complex and intriguing relationship between cancer and pathophysiology of CVDs. Accordingly, there are increasing number of reports indicating higher incidences of CVDs in cancer patients. In the present review, we thoroughly discuss (1) different DDR pathways, (2) the functional cross talk among different DDR mechanisms, (3) the role of DDR in cancer, (4) the commonalities and differences of DDR between cancer and CVDs, (5) the role of DDR in pathophysiology of CVDs, (6) interventional strategies for targeting genomic instability in CVDs, and (7) future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Nikfarjam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Krishna K Singh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Brahme A. Quantifying Cellular Repair, Misrepair and Apoptosis Induced by Boron Ions, Gamma Rays and PRIMA-1 Using the RHR Formulation. Radiat Res 2022; 198:271-296. [PMID: 35834822 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00011.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The recent interaction cross-section-based formulation for radiation-induced direct cellular inactivation, mild and severe sublethal damage, DNA-repair and cell survival have been developed to accurately describe cellular repair, misrepair and apoptosis in TP53 wild-type and mutant cells. The principal idea of this new non-homologous repairable-homologous repairable (RHR) damage formulation is to separately describe the mild damage that can be rapidly handled by the most basic repair processes including the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and more complex damage requiring longer repair times and high-fidelity homologous recombination (HR) repair. Taking the interaction between these two key mammalian DNA repair processes more accurately into account has significantly improved the method as indicated in the original publication. Based on the principal mechanisms of 7 repair and 8 misrepair processes presently derived, it has been possible to quite accurately describe the probability that some of these repair processes when unsuccessful can induce cellular apoptosis with increasing doses of γrays, boron ions and PRIMA-1. Interestingly, for all LETs studied (≈0.3-160 eV/nm) the increase in apoptosis saturates when the cell survival reaches about 10% and the fraction of un-hit cells is well below the 1% level. It is shown that most of the early cell kill for low-to-medium LETs are due to apoptosis since the cell survival as well as the non-apoptotic cells agree very well at low doses and other death processes dominate beyond D > 1 Gy. The low-dose apoptosis is due to the fact that the full activation of the checkpoint kinases ATM and Chk2 requires >8 and >18 DSBs per cell to phosphorylate p53 at serine 15 and 20. Therefore, DNA repair is not fully activated until well after 1/2 Gy, and the cellular response may be apoptotic by default before the low-dose hyper sensitivity (LDHS) is replaced by an increased radiation tolerance as the DNA repair processes get maximal efficiency. In effect, simultaneously explaining the LDHS and inverse dose rate phenomena. The partial contributions by the eight newly derived misrepair processes was determined so they together accurately described the experimental apoptosis induction data for γ rays and boron ions. Through these partial misrepair contributions it was possible to predict the apoptotic response based solely on carefully analyzed cell survival data, demonstrating the usefulness of an accurate DNA repair-based cell survival approach. The peak relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the boron ions was 3.5 at 160 eV/nm whereas the analogous peak relative apoptotic effectiveness (RAE) was 3.4 but at 40 eV/nm indicating the clinical value of the lower LET light ion (15 \le {\rm{LET}} \le 55{\rm{\ eV}}/{\rm{nm}},{\rm{\ }}2 \le Z \le 5) in therapeutic applications to maximize tumor apoptosis and senescence. The new survival expressions were also applied on mouse embryonic fibroblasts with key knocked-out repair genes, showing a good agreement between the principal non-homologous and homologous repair terms and also a reasonable prediction of the associated apoptotic induction. Finally, the formulation was used to estimate the increase in DNA repair and apoptotic response in combination with the mutant p53 reactivating compound PRIMA-1 and γ rays, indicating a 10-2 times increase in apoptosis with 5 μM of the compound reaching apoptosis levels not far from peak apoptosis boron ions in a TP53 mutant cell line. To utilize PRIMA-1 induced apoptosis and cellular sensitization for reactive oxygen species (ROS), concomitant biologically optimized radiation therapy is proposed to maximize the complication free tumor cure for the multitude of TP53 mutant tumors seen in the clinic. The experimental data also indicated the clinically very important high-absorbed dose ROS effect of PRIMA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Brahme
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Behl A, Sarwalia P, Kumar S, Behera C, Mintoo MJ, Datta TK, Gupta PN, Chhillar AK. Codelivery of Gemcitabine and MUC1 Inhibitor Using PEG-PCL Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2429-2440. [PMID: 35639628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer therapy, Gemcitabine (Gem) is an antineoplastic antimetabolite with greater anticancer efficacy and tolerability. However, effectiveness of Gem is limited by its off-target effects. The synergistic potential of MUC1 (mucin 1) inhibitors and Gem-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) was discussed in this work in order to reduce dose-related toxicities and enhance the therapeutic efficacy. The double emulsion solvent evaporation method was used to prepare poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-block-poly-caprolactone (PEG-PCL)-loaded Gem and MUC 1 inhibitor NPs. The average size of Gem and MUC 1 inhibitor-loaded NPs was 128 nm, with a spherical shape. Twin-loaded NPs containing Gem and the MUC1 inhibitor decreased IC50 and behaved synergistically. Furthermore, in vitro mechanistic studies, that is, loss of MMP, clonogenic assay, Annexin V FITC assay, and Western blotting to confirm apoptosis with simultaneous induction of autophagy using acridine orange (AO) staining were performed in this study. Furthermore, the investigated NPs upon combination exhibited greater loss of MMP and decreased clonogenic potential with simultaneous induction of autophagy in MCF-7 cells. Annexin V FITC clearly showed the percentage of apoptosis while Western blotting protein expression analysis revealed an increase in caspase-3 activity with simultaneous decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression, a hallmark of apoptosis. The effectiveness of the Ehrlich ascites solid (EAT) mice treated with Gem-MUC1 inhibitor NPs was higher than that of the animals treated alone. Overall, the combined administration of Gem and MUC1 inhibitor-loaded NPs was found to be more efficacious than Gem and MUC1 inhibitor delivered separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Behl
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124 001, India
| | - Parul Sarwalia
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Chittaranjan Behera
- PK-PD Tox and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mubashir Javed Mintoo
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Tirtha Kumar Datta
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- PK-PD Tox and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Anil K Chhillar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124 001, India
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7
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Aengenvoort J, Sekeres M, Proksch P, Fritz G. Targeting Mechanisms of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and DNA Repair by Natural Compounds to Improve cAT-Triggered Tumor Cell Death. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113567. [PMID: 35684504 PMCID: PMC9182506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we identified secalonic acid F (SA), 5-epi-nakijiquinone Q (NQ) and 5-epi-ilimaquinone (IQ) as natural compounds (NC) affecting mechanisms of the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we further characterized their effects on DDR, DNA repair and cytotoxicity if used in mono- and co-treatment with conventional anticancer therapeutics (cAT) (cisplatin (Cis), doxorubicin (Doxo)) in vitro. All three NC influence the phosphorylation level of selected DDR-related factors (i.e., pCHK1, pKAP1, pP53, pRPA32) in mono- and/or co-treatment. Both SA and NQ attenuate the Cis- and Doxo-induced G2/M-phase arrest and effectively stimulate caspase-mediated apoptosis. Notably, SA impacts DNA repair as reflected by enhanced steady-state levels of Cis-(1,2-GpG)-DNA adducts and Doxo-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Moreover, SA decreased the mRNA and protein expression of the homologous recombination (HR)-related DSB repair factors RAD51 and BRCA1. Both SA and NQ promote Cis- and Doxo-induced cytotoxicity in an additive to synergistic manner (CI ≤ 1.0). Summarizing, we conclude that SA promotes cAT-driven caspase-dependent cell death by interfering with DSB repair and DDR-related checkpoint control mechanisms. Hence, SA is considered as the most promising lead compound to evaluate its therapeutic window in forthcoming pre-clinical in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Aengenvoort
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Marlena Sekeres
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.A.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-8113022
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8
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Liang Y, Fang R, Rao Q. An Insight into the Medicinal Chemistry Perspective of Macrocyclic Derivatives with Antitumor Activity: A Systematic Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092837. [PMID: 35566196 PMCID: PMC9100616 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The profound pharmacological properties of macrocyclic compounds have led to their development as drugs. In conformationally pre-organized ring structures, the multiple functions and stereochemical complexity provided by the macrocycle result in high affinity and selectivity of protein targets while maintaining sufficient bioavailability to reach intracellular locations. Therefore, the construction of macrocycles is an ideal choice to solve the problem of “undruggable” targets. Inspection of 68 macrocyclic drugs on the market showed that 10 of them were used to treat cancer, but this structural class still has been poorly explored within drug discovery. This perspective considers the macrocyclic compounds used for anti-tumor with different targets, their advantages and disadvantages, and the various synthetic methods of them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiu Rao
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.R.)
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Karati D, Mahadik KR, Trivedi P, Kumar D. A Molecular Insight into Pyrazole Congeners as Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Antimalarial Agents. Med Chem 2022; 18:1044-1059. [PMID: 35240964 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220303150640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazole is a bioactive heterocyclic congener found in a wide range of biological and pharmacological applications. Due to their multiple prospective uses, developing innovative pyrazoles and analogues, disclosing revolutionary ways for synthesizing this nucleus, investigating diverse potencies of that heterocycle, and seeking for possible applications of pyrazoles are all growing more significant Objectives: Pyrazole scaffolds have been proven to be successful as antimicrobial, anticancer, antimalarial therapeutic against multiple targets like DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, Hsp90, and several kinase enzymes. Its moiety has absorbed the attention of many scientists to research chemical and pharmacological profile due to this miscellany in the biotic region. RESULTS The review covers pyrazole scaffolds with a variety of biological functions, as well as attempts to connect the structure-activity relationship. Multiple pyrazole analogues have been produced as lead compounds, and their activities have been evaluated. CONCLUSION The combination of pyrazole with other pharmacophores in a molecule might lead to novel potent therapeutic medicines, which could aid in the development of potent lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kakasaheb Ramoo Mahadik
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- Hon. Director, Center of Innovation and Translational Research, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bhartiya Vidyapeeth, Pune 411038, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune- 411038, Maharashtra, India
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Liu S, Shen C, Qian C, Wang J, Yang Z, Wei Y, Quan L, Pan C, Hu Y, Ye W. Tumor Cell Distinguishable Nanomedicine Integrating Chemotherapeutic Sensitization and Protection. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:773021. [PMID: 34858963 PMCID: PMC8631718 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.773021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretically, with a high enough drug dosage, cancer cells could be eliminated. However, the dosages that can be administered are limited by the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of the given drug. Herein, a nanomedicine integrating chemotherapeutic sensitization and protection was developed to relieve the limitation of administration dosage and to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. The nanomedicine was endowed with the function of synergistically controlled release of CO and drugs under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. CO photo-induced release system (COPIRS) was synthesized by constructing an electron excitation–electron transfer group–electron-induced CO release structure and was used as the hydrophobic part, and then hydrophilic polymer (polyethylene glycol; PEG) was introduced by a thermal-responsive groups (DA group), forming a near-infrared-induced burst-release nanocarrier. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the nanomedicine can distinguish between tumor and normal cells and regulates the resistance of these different cells through the controlled release of carbonic oxide (CO), simultaneously enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs on tumor cells and chemotherapeutic protection on normal cells. This strategy could solve the current limitations on dosages due to toxicity and provide a solution for tumor cure by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Devices, Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China.,Institute of Materials Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Can Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Devices, Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Devices, Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Jianquan Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Devices, Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Zhongmei Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Devices, Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Yanchun Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Devices, Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Li Quan
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Devices, Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Changjiang Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Devices, Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Devices, Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
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Esposito F, Giuffrida R, Raciti G, Puglisi C, Forte S. Wee1 Kinase: A Potential Target to Overcome Tumor Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910689. [PMID: 34639030 PMCID: PMC8508993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the cell cycle, DNA suffers several lesions that need to be repaired prior to entry into mitosis to preserve genome integrity in daughter cells. Toward this aim, cells have developed complex enzymatic machinery, the so-called DNA damage response (DDR), which is able to repair DNA, temporarily stopping the cell cycle to provide more time to repair, or if the damage is too severe, inducing apoptosis. This DDR mechanism is considered the main source of resistance to DNA-damaging therapeutic treatments in oncology. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a small subset of tumor cells, were identified as tumor-initiating cells. CSCs possess self-renewal potential and persistent tumorigenic capacity, allowing for tumor re-growth and relapse. Compared with cancer cells, CSCs are more resistant to therapeutic treatments. Wee1 is the principal gatekeeper for both G2/M and S-phase checkpoints, where it plays a key role in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage repair. From this perspective, Wee1 inhibition might increase the effectiveness of DNA-damaging treatments, such as radiotherapy, forcing tumor cells and CSCs to enter into mitosis, even with damaged DNA, leading to mitotic catastrophe and subsequent cell death.
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Porosnicu I, Butnaru CM, Tiseanu I, Stancu E, Munteanu CVA, Bita BI, Duliu OG, Sima F. Y 2O 3 Nanoparticles and X-ray Radiation-Induced Effects in Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113403. [PMID: 34199757 PMCID: PMC8200002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The innovative strategy of using nanoparticles in radiotherapy has become an exciting topic due to the possibility of simultaneously improving local efficiency of radiation in tumors and real-time monitoring of the delivered doses. Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in material science to prepare phosphors for various applications including X-ray induced photodynamic therapy and in situ nano-dosimetry, but few available reports only addressed the effect induced in cells by combined exposure to different doses of superficial X-ray radiation and nanoparticles. Herein, we analyzed changes induced in melanoma cells by exposure to different doses of X-ray radiation and various concentrations of Y2O3 NPs. By evaluation of cell mitochondrial activity and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), we estimated that 2, 4, and 6 Gy X-ray radiation doses are visibly altering the cells by inducing ROS production with increasing the dose while at 6 Gy the mitochondrial activity is also affected. Separately, high-concentrated solutions of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs were also found to affect the cells by inducing ROS production with the increase of concentration. Additionally, the colony-forming units assay evidenced a rather synergic effect of NPs and radiation. By adding the NPs to cells before irradiation, a decrease of the number of proliferating cell colonies was observed with increase of X-ray dose. DNA damage was evidenced by quantifying the γ-H2AX foci for cells treated with Y2O3 NPs and exposed to superficial X-ray radiation. Proteomic profile confirmed that a combined effect of 50 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs and 6 Gy X-ray dose induced mitochondria alterations and DNA changes in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Porosnicu
- National Institute of Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 76900 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania; (I.P.); (I.T.); (E.S.); (B.I.B.)
- Faculty of Physics, Doctoral School on Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania;
| | - Cristian M. Butnaru
- National Institute of Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 76900 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania; (I.P.); (I.T.); (E.S.); (B.I.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Ion Tiseanu
- National Institute of Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 76900 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania; (I.P.); (I.T.); (E.S.); (B.I.B.)
| | - Elena Stancu
- National Institute of Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 76900 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania; (I.P.); (I.T.); (E.S.); (B.I.B.)
| | - Cristian V. A. Munteanu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan I. Bita
- National Institute of Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 76900 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania; (I.P.); (I.T.); (E.S.); (B.I.B.)
| | - Octavian G. Duliu
- Faculty of Physics, Doctoral School on Physics, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele-Ilfov, Romania;
| | - Felix Sima
- National Institute of Laser Plasma and Radiation Physics, P.O. Box MG-36, 76900 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania; (I.P.); (I.T.); (E.S.); (B.I.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.B.); (F.S.)
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Manolakou T, Verginis P, Boumpas DT. DNA Damage Response in the Adaptive Arm of the Immune System: Implications for Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115842. [PMID: 34072535 PMCID: PMC8198144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In complex environments, cells have developed molecular responses to confront threats against the genome and achieve the maintenance of genomic stability assuring the transfer of undamaged DNA to their progeny. DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms may be activated upon genotoxic or environmental agents, such as cytotoxic drugs or ultraviolet (UV) light, and during physiological processes requiring DNA transactions, to restore DNA alterations that may cause cellular malfunction and affect viability. In addition to the DDR, multicellular organisms have evolved specialized immune cells to respond and defend against infections. Both adaptive and innate immune cells are subjected to DDR processes, either as a prerequisite to the immune response, or as a result of random endogenous and exogenous insults. Aberrant DDR activities have been extensively studied in the immune cells of the innate arm, but not in adaptive immune cells. Here, we discuss how the aberrant DDR may lead to autoimmunity, with emphasis on the adaptive immune cells and the potential of therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Manolakou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T. Boumpas
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Joint Rheumatology Program, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 124 62 Athens, Greece
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Isono M, Okubo K, Asano T, Sato A. Inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 potentiates anticancer activity of gemcitabine in bladder cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10181. [PMID: 33986399 PMCID: PMC8119486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinases (CHKs) are involved in the DNA damage response in many cancer cells. CHK inhibitors have been used in clinical trials in combination with chemotherapeutics; however, their effect against bladder cancer remains unclear. Here, we investigated the efficacy of combining gemcitabine with MK-8776, a novel CHK1 inhibitor, in four bladder cancer cell lines. The effects of gemcitabine and MK-8776 on cell viability, clonogenicity, cell cycle, and apoptosis were examined alongside in vivo efficacy using murine xenograft tumor models. Combined treatment inhibited the viability and colony formation of bladder cancer cells compared to either single treatment. Although gemcitabine (10 nM) alone increased the cell number in S-phase, it increased the cell number in sub-G1 phase when combined with MK-8776 (0.5 µM). Combined treatment enhanced cleaved poly[ADP-ribose]-polymerase expression alongside the number of annexin-V-positive cells, indicating the induction of apoptosis. In vivo, administration of gemcitabine and MK-8776 was well tolerated and suppressed tumor growth. Mechanistically, the combined treatment elevated γH2A.X and suppressed Rad51 expression. Our study demonstrates that MK-8776 and gemcitabine combined induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in bladder cancer cells by inhibiting CHKs and DNA repair. Therefore, CHK1 inhibition combined with gemcitabine may be a potential treatment for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Isono
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Okubo
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takako Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Akinori Sato
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Wang L, Yang L, Wang C, Zhao W, Ju Z, Zhang W, Shen J, Peng Y, An C, Luu YT, Song S, Yap TA, Ajani JA, Mills GB, Shen X, Peng G. Inhibition of the ATM/Chk2 axis promotes cGAS/STING signaling in ARID1A-deficient tumors. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5951-5966. [PMID: 33016929 DOI: 10.1172/jci130445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ARID1A, a component of the chromatin-remodeling complex SWI/SNF, is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancer. We sought to develop rational combination therapy to potentiate the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in ARID1A-deficient tumors. In a proteomic analysis of a data set from The Cancer Genomic Atlas, we found enhanced expression of Chk2, a DNA damage checkpoint kinase, in ARID1A-mutated/deficient tumors. Surprisingly, we found that ARID1A targets the nonchromatin substrate Chk2 for ubiquitination. Loss of ARID1A increased the Chk2 level through modulating autoubiquitination of the E3-ligase RNF8 and thereby reducing RNF8-mediated Chk2 degradation. Inhibition of the ATM/Chk2 DNA damage checkpoint axis led to replication stress and accumulation of cytosolic DNA, which subsequently activated the DNA sensor STING-mediated innate immune response in ARID1A-deficient tumors. As expected, tumors with mutation or low expression of both ARID1A and ATM/Chk2 exhibited increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and were associated with longer patient survival. Notably, an ATM inhibitor selectively potentiated the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in ARID1A-depleted tumors but not in WT tumors. Together, these results suggest that ARID1A's targeting of the nonchromatin substrate Chk2 for ubiquitination makes it possible to selectively modulate cancer cell-intrinsic innate immunity to enhance the antitumor activity of immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongji Hospital, The University of Huazhong Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Clemens An
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yen T Luu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, and
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xuetong Shen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Constructing the Logical Regression Model to Predict the Target of Jianpi Jiedu Decoction in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2020:8859558. [PMID: 33424998 PMCID: PMC7781689 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8859558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the molecular mechanism and prognosis-related genes of Jianpi Jiedu decoction in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods The gene expression data of hepatocellular carcinoma samples and normal tissue samples were downloaded from TCGA database, and the potential targets of drug composition of Jianpi Jiedu decoction were obtained from TCMSP database. The genes were screened out in order to obtain the expression of these target genes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The differential expression of target genes was analyzed by R software, and the genes related to prognosis were screened by univariate Cox regression analysis. Then, the LASSO model was constructed for risk assessment and survival analysis between different risk groups. At the same time, independent prognostic analysis, GSEA analysis, and prognostic analysis of single gene in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were performed. Results 174 compounds of traditional Chinese medicine were screened by TCMSP database, corresponding to 122 potential targets. 39 upregulated genes and 9 downregulated genes were screened out. A total of 20 candidate prognostic related genes were screened out by univariate Cox analysis, of which 12 prognostic genes were involved in the construction of the LASSO regression model. There was a significant difference in survival time between the high-risk group and low-risk group (p < 0.05). Among the genes related to prognosis, the expression levels of CCNB1, NQO1, NUF2, and CHEK1 were high in tumor tissues (p < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that the high expression levels of these four genes were significantly correlated with poor prognosis of HCC (p < 0.05). GSEA analysis showed that the main KEGG enrichment pathways were lysine degradation, folate carbon pool, citrate cycle, and transcription factors. Conclusions In the study, we found that therapy target genes of Jianpi Jiedu decoction were mainly involved in metabolism and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma, and there was a close relationship between the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and the genes of CCNB1, NQO1, NUF2, and CHEK1.
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17
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Du P, Wang X, Yin T, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Yu W, Wang M, Luo C, Yu L. Anti-tumor effect of single-chain antibody to Reg3a in colorectal cancer. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112278. [PMID: 32918897 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerating protein 3a (Reg3a) is a trophic factor that functions as a stimulus in cell proliferation and neogenesis. Previous studies showed that Reg3a is ectopically upregulated in a majority of colorectal cancers (CRC) and detectable in the serum. METHODS Single-chain variable fragment targeting Reg3a (scFv-Reg3a) was screened from a phage library. The bioactivity of recombinant Reg3a (rReg3a) and scFv-Reg3a were tested in LoVo and RKO cell lines using MTT, flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell analyses. Whether scFv-Reg3a inhibits tumor growth and enhances 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-caused cell death were further examined in LoVo cell-transplanted nude BALB/c mice. RESULTS A scFv-Reg3a from clone C2 was obtained and its binding affinity (KD) to rReg3a was determined to be 4.44 × 10-10. In cultured LoVo and RKO cells, rReg3a promoted but scFv-Reg3a inhibited cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. In LoVo cell-xenografted nude mice, administration of rReg3a accelerated tumor growth while scFv-Reg3a suppressed cell proliferation and reinforced 5-FU-induced cell death. CONCLUSION The newly developed scFv-Reg3a is an anti-cancer agent which is potent to suppress CRC cell proliferation and survival. The use of scFv-Reg3a could enhance the effectiveness of 5-FU-based chemotherapy in the cancerous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Du
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianqi Yin
- UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Hartford, USA
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihong Yu
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Luo
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Luting Yu
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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TP5, a Peptide Inhibitor of Aberrant and Hyperactive CDK5/p25: A Novel Therapeutic Approach against Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071935. [PMID: 32708903 PMCID: PMC7409269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the efficacy of selective inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in glioblastoma by TP5. We analyzed its impact in vitro on CDK5 expression and activity, cell survival, apoptosis and cell cycle. DNA damage was analyzed using the expression of γH2A.X and phosphorylated ATM. Its tolerance and efficacy were assessed on in vivo xenograft mouse models. We showed that TP5 decreased the activity but not the expression of CDK5 and p35. TP5 alone impaired cell viability and colony formation of glioblastoma cell lines and induced apoptosis. TP5 increased DNA damage by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ATM, leading to G1 arrest. Whereas CDK5 activity is increased by DNA-damaging agents such as temozolomide and irradiation, TP5 was synergistic with either temozolomide or irradiation due to an accumulation of DNA damage. Concomitant use of TP5 and either temozolomide or irradiation reduced the phosphorylation of ATM, increased DNA damage, and inhibited the G2/M arrest induced by temozolomide or irradiation. TP5 alone suppressed the tumor growth of orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model. The treatment was well tolerated. Finally, alone or in association with irradiation or temozolomide, TP5 prolonged mouse survival. TP5 alone or in association with temozolomide and radiotherapy is a promising therapeutic option for glioblastoma.
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Functional genomics identifies new synergistic therapies for retinoblastoma. Oncogene 2020; 39:5338-5357. [PMID: 32572160 PMCID: PMC7391301 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Local intravitreal or intra-arterial chemotherapy has improved therapeutic success for the pediatric cancer retinoblastoma (RB), but toxicity remains a major caveat. RB initiates primarily with RB1 loss or, rarely, MYCN amplification, but the critical downstream networks are incompletely understood. We set out to uncover perturbed molecular hubs, identify synergistic drug combinations to target these vulnerabilities, and expose and overcome drug resistance. We applied dynamic transcriptomic analysis to identify network hubs perturbed in RB versus normal fetal retina, and performed in vivo RNAi screens in RB1null and RB1wt;MYCNamp orthotopic xenografts to pinpoint essential hubs. We employed in vitro and in vivo studies to validate hits, define mechanism, develop new therapeutic modalities, and understand drug resistance. We identified BRCA1 and RAD51 as essential for RB cell survival. Their oncogenic activity was independent of BRCA1 functions in centrosome, heterochromatin, or ROS regulation, and instead linked to DNA repair. RAD51 depletion or inhibition with the small molecule inhibitor, B02, killed RB cells in a Chk1/Chk2/p53-dependent manner. B02 further synergized with clinically relevant topotecan (TPT) to engage this pathway, activating p53-BAX mediated killing of RB but not human retinal progenitor cells. Paradoxically, a B02/TPT-resistant tumor exhibited more DNA damage than sensitive RB cells. Resistance reflected dominance of the p53-p21 axis, which mediated cell cycle arrest instead of death. Deleting p21 or applying the BCL2/BCL2L1 inhibitor Navitoclax re-engaged the p53-BAX axis, and synergized with B02, TPT or both to override resistance. These data expose new synergistic therapies to trigger p53-induced killing in diverse RB subtypes.
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Gerstl B, Bertoldo MJ, Sullivan E, Volckmar X, Kerr A, Wand H, Ives A, Albalawi O, Anazodo A. Fatherhood Following Treatment for Testicular Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2020; 9:341-353. [DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2019.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Gerstl
- Department of Biostatistics, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Kids Cancer Center, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J. Bertoldo
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Sullivan
- Faculty Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Xanthie Volckmar
- Department of Biostatistics, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aidan Kerr
- Department of Biostatistics, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Handan Wand
- Department of Biostatistics, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Ives
- Cancer and Palliative Care Research and Evaluation Unit, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Olayan Albalawi
- Department of Biostatistics, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Statistics, Science College, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antoinette Anazodo
- Kids Cancer Center, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Center, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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ATR-CHK1 pathway as a therapeutic target for acute and chronic leukemias. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 88:102026. [PMID: 32592909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progress in cancer therapy changed the outcome of many patients and moved therapy from chemotherapy agents to targeted drugs. Targeted drugs already changed the clinical practice in treatment of leukemias, such as imatinib (BCR/ABL inhibitor) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), ibrutinib (Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), venetoclax (BCL2 inhibitor) in CLL and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or midostaurin (FLT3 inhibitor) in AML. In this review, we focused on DNA damage response (DDR) inhibition, specifically on inhibition of ATR-CHK1 pathway. Cancer cells harbor often defects in different DDR pathways, which render them vulnerable to DDR inhibition. Some DDR inhibitors showed interesting single-agent activity even in the absence of cytotoxic drug especially in cancers with underlying defects in DDR or DNA replication. Almost no mutations were found in ATR and CHEK1 genes in leukemia patients. Together with the fact that ATR-CHK1 pathway is essential for cell development and survival of leukemia cells, it represents a promising therapeutic target for treatment of leukemia. ATR-CHK1 inhibition showed excellent results in preclinical testing in acute and chronic leukemias. However, results in clinical trials are so far insufficient. Therefore, the ongoing and future clinical trials will decide on the success of ATR/CHK1 inhibitors in clinical practice of leukemia treatment.
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Combination of a novel microtubule inhibitor MBRI-001 and gemcitabine synergistically induces cell apoptosis by increasing DNA damage in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:1207-1217. [PMID: 31802375 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant cancer with poor prognosis. Although gemcitabine (GEM; 2',2'-difluoro-deoxycytidine) has been used as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent in PC treatment for decades, its limited efficacy remains a significant clinical issue, which may be resolved by GEM combination therapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of MBRI-001 in combination with GEM in BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 human PC cell lines. In vitro and in vivo results indicate that MBRI-001 showed synergistic activity with GEM. GEM induced apoptosis by increasing DNA damage (phosphorylated core histone protein H2AX (γ-H2AX)), MBRI-001 activated mitochondrial-apoptotic pathway (cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP)). Thus, the combination of the two intensified both apoptosis and DNA damage and showed significantly superior anti-tumor activity compared to each agent alone. The adoption of combination of MBRI-001 with GEM may be beneficial as they act synergistically and thus, can be a potential therapeutic choice for improving the prognosis of PC patients in the future.
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Anti-Tumor Effect of Inhibition of DNA Damage Response Proteins, ATM and ATR, in Endometrial Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121913. [PMID: 31805725 PMCID: PMC6966633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While the incidence of endometrial cancer continues to rise, the therapeutic options remain limited for advanced or recurrent cases, and most cases are resistant to therapy. The anti-tumor effect of many chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy depends on the induction of DNA damage in cancer cells; thus, activation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways is considered an important factor affecting resistance to therapy. When some DDR pathways are inactivated, inhibition of other DDR pathways can induce cancer-specific synthetic lethality. Therefore, DDR pathways are considered as promising candidates for molecular-targeted therapy for cancer. The crosstalking ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related and checkpoint kinase 1 (ATR-Chk1) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related and checkpoint kinase 2 (ATM-Chk2) pathways are the main pathways of DNA damage response. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of inhibitors of these pathways in vitro by assessing the effect of the combination of ATM or ATR inhibitors and conventional DNA-damaging therapy (doxorubicin (DXR), cisplatin (CDDP), and irradiation) on endometrial cancer cells. Both the inhibitors enhanced the sensitivity of cells to DXR, CDDP, and irradiation. Moreover, the combination of ATR and Chk1 inhibitors induced DNA damage in endometrial cancer cells and inhibited cell proliferation synergistically. Therefore, these molecular therapies targeting DNA damage response pathways are promising new treatment strategies for endometrial cancer.
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Xu D, Liang SQ, Yang H, Bruggmann R, Berezowska S, Yang Z, Marti TM, Hall SRR, Gao Y, Kocher GJ, Schmid RA, Peng RW. CRISPR Screening Identifies WEE1 as a Combination Target for Standard Chemotherapy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:661-672. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Levy A, Leynes C, Baig M, Chew SA. The Application of Biomaterials in the Treatment of Platinum‐Resistant Ovarian Cancer. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1810-1827. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkene Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences Nova Southeastern University 3200 South University Drive Davie FL 33328 USA
| | - Carolina Leynes
- Department Health and Biomedical Sciences University of Texas Rio Grande Valley One West University Boulevard Brownsville TX 78520 USA
| | - Mirza Baig
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine Nova Southeastern University 3200 South University Drive Davie FL 33328 USA
| | - Sue Anne Chew
- Department Health and Biomedical Sciences University of Texas Rio Grande Valley One West University Boulevard Brownsville TX 78520 USA
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26
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Peng Y, Fu S, Hu W, Qiu Y, Zhang L, Tan R, Sun LQ. Glutamine synthetase facilitates cancer cells to recover from irradiation-induced G2/M arrest. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 21:43-51. [PMID: 31526079 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1665394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiation of cancer cells can be either intrinsic or acquired, leading to treatment failure. In response to DNA damage caused by IR, cancer cells are arrested in cell cycle showing limited proliferation and increased apoptosis. However, radiation-resistant cells are able to overcome the cell cycle block and proceed to proliferation, for which the detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we showed that radioresistant cells exhibited a recoverable G2/M phase during prolonged cell cycle and manifested lower apoptosis rate and more colony formation. RNA-seq analysis revealed that glutamine synthetase (GS, GLUL) gene was highly expressed in radioresistant cancer cells in comparison with the parental cells, which was in accordance with the G2/M arrest after ionizing radiation. Knocking out of GS in radioresistant cells resulted in a delayed G2/M recovery and lowered proliferation rate after ionizing radiation treatment, which was accompanied with increased inhibitory phosphorylation of CDK1 at Y15 and downregulated Cdc25B, a dual specific phosphatase of CDK1. Moreover, there was an enhanced complex formation of CDK1 and Cyclin B1 when the cells were rescued by re-introducing GS. In vivo, knocking down of GS significantly sensitized CNE2-R xenografts to RT in mice. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role of glutamine synthetase independent of metabolic function in promoting recovery from G2/M arrest caused by ionizing radiation, thus, causing cancer cell resistance to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Peng
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shujun Fu
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of MolecularRadiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of MolecularRadiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yanfang Qiu
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of MolecularRadiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Tan
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of MolecularRadiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Lun-Quan Sun
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of MolecularRadiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha, China
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27
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Targeting DNA Replication Stress and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair for Optimizing SCLC Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091289. [PMID: 31480716 PMCID: PMC6770306 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), accounting for about 15% of all cases of lung cancer worldwide, is the most lethal form of lung cancer. Despite an initially high response rate of SCLC to standard treatment, almost all patients are invariably relapsed within one year. Effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes. Replication stress is a hallmark of SCLC due to several intrinsic factors. As a consequence, constitutive activation of the replication stress response (RSR) pathway and DNA damage repair system is involved in counteracting this genotoxic stress. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of such RSR and DNA damage repair pathways will be likely to kill SCLC cells preferentially and may be exploited in improving chemotherapeutic efficiency through interfering with DNA replication to exert their functions. Here, we summarize potentially valuable targets involved in the RSR and DNA damage repair pathways, rationales for targeting them in SCLC treatment and ongoing clinical trials, as well as possible predictive biomarkers for patient selection in the management of SCLC.
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28
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Tong L, Song P, Jiang K, Xu L, Jin T, Wang P, Hu X, Fang S, Gao A, Zhou Y, Liu T, Li J, Hu Y. Discovery of (R)-5-((5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-(methylamino)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-(piperidin-3-yloxy)picolinonitrile, a novel CHK1 inhibitor for hematologic malignancies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:44-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Blocking ATM-dependent NF-κB pathway overcomes niche protection and improves chemotherapy response in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 33:2365-2378. [PMID: 30940905 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) niche responds to chemotherapy-induced cytokines secreted from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells and protects the residual cells from chemotherapeutics in vivo. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for the induction of cytokines by chemotherapy remain unknown. Here, we found that chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., Ara-C, DNR, 6-MP) induced the expression of niche-protecting cytokines (GDF15, CCL3 and CCL4) in both ALL cell lines and primary cells in vitro. The ATM and NF-κB pathways were activated after chemotherapy treatment, and the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of these pathways significantly reversed the cytokine upregulation. Besides, chemotherapy-induced NF-κB activation was dependent on ATM-TRAF6 signaling, and NF-κB transcription factor p65 directly regulated the cytokines expression. Furthermore, we found that both pharmacological and genetic perturbation of ATM and p65 significantly decreased the residual ALL cells after Ara-C treatment in ALL xenograft mouse models. Together, these results demonstrated that ATM-dependent NF-κB activation mediated the cytokines induction by chemotherapy and ALL resistance to chemotherapeutics. Inhibition of ATM-dependent NF-κB pathway can sensitize ALL to chemotherapeutics, providing a new strategy to eradicate residual chemo-resistant ALL cells.
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Kuo IY, Huang YL, Lin CY, Lin CH, Chang WL, Lai WW, Wang YC. SOX17 overexpression sensitizes chemoradiation response in esophageal cancer by transcriptional down-regulation of DNA repair and damage response genes. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:20. [PMID: 30777052 PMCID: PMC6378712 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients is poor and the concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) provided to ESCC patients often failed due to resistance. Therefore, development of biomarkers for predicting CCRT response is immensely important. In this study, we evaluated the predicting value of SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 17 (SOX17) protein during CCRT and its dysregulation of transcriptional targets in CCRT resistance in ESCC. Methods Pyrosequencing methylation, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry assays were performed to examine the DNA methylation, mRNA expression and protein expression levels of SOX17 in endoscopic biopsy from a total of 70 ESCC patients received CCRT. Cell proliferation, clonogenic survival and xenograft growth were used to confirm the sensitization of ESCC cell line KYSE510 in response to cisplatin, radiation or CCRT treatment by SOX17 overexpression in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase activity, RT-qPCR and ChIP-qPCR assays were conducted to examine transcription regulation of SOX17 in KYSE510 parental, KYSE510 radio-resistant cells and their derived xenografts. Results High DNA methylation coincided with low mRNA and protein expression levels of SOX17 in pre-treatment endoscopic biopsy from ESCC patients with poor CCRT response. SOX17 protein expression exhibited a good prediction performance in discriminating poor CCRT responders from good responder. Overexpression of SOX17 sensitized KYSE510 radio-resistant cells to cisplatin, radiation or CCRT treatment in cell and xenograft models. Importantly, SOX17 transcriptionally down-regulated DNA repair and damage response-related genes including BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51, KU80 DNAPK, p21, SIRT1, NFAT5 and REV3L in KYSE510 radio-resistant cells to achieve the sensitization effect to anti-cancer treatment. Low expression of BRCA1, DNAPK, p21, RAD51 and SIRT1 was confirmed in SOX17 sensitized xenograft tissues derived from radio-resistant ESCC cells. Conclusions Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which SOX17 transcriptionally inactivates DNA repair and damage response-related genes to sensitize ESCC cell or xenograft to CCRT treatment. In addition, we establish a proof-of-concept CCRT prediction biomarker using SOX17 immunohistochemical staining in pre-treatment endoscopic biopsies to identify ESCC patients who are at high risk of CCRT failure and need intensive care. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-019-0510-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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31
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Samavarchi Tehrani S, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Yousefi T, Abolghasemi M, Qujeq D, Maniati M, Amani J. The crosstalk between trace elements with DNA damage response, repair, and oxidative stress in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1080-1105. [PMID: 30378148 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a regulatory system responsible for maintaining genome integrity and stability, which can sense and transduce DNA damage signals. The severity of damage appears to determine DDRs, which can include damage repair, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Furthermore, defective components in DNA damage and repair machinery are an underlying cause for the development and progression of various types of cancers. Increasing evidence indicates that there is an association between trace elements and DDR/repair mechanisms. In fact, trace elements seem to affect mediators of DDR. Besides, it has been revealed that oxidative stress (OS) and trace elements are associated with cancer development. In this review, we discuss the role of some critical trace elements in the risk of cancer. In addition, we provide a brief introduction on DDR and OS in cancer. Finally, we will further review the interactions between some important trace elements including selenium, zinc, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic, and DDR, and OS in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Li L, Yang J, Soodvilai S, Wang J, Opanasopit P, Kopeček J. Drug-free albumin-triggered sensitization of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. J Control Release 2019; 293:84-93. [PMID: 30465822 PMCID: PMC6317733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemosensitization strategies have been used to sensitize cancer cells to conventional drugs, but their utility is often obstructed by additional off-target toxicity, limited access to intracellular targets and heterogeneous tumor pathogenesis. To address these challenges, we rationally developed a drug-free human serum albumin (HSA)-based therapeutic (KH-1) that functions extracellularly and exhibits pleiotropic effect on multiple intracellular signaling pathways. It is a two-step touch-trigger system that consists of a pretargeting anchor on surface receptor CD20 (anti-CD20 Fab' conjugated with a morpholino oligonucleotide 1) and a CD20 clustering actuator (HSA grafted with multiple copies of complementary morpholino oligonucleotide 2). The extracellular actuation by surface CD20 crosslinking boosts robust activations of numerous intracellular responses, and promotes cancer cell susceptibility to various anticancer drugs, including docetaxel (microtubule stabilizer), gemcitabine (nucleoside analogue) and GDC-0980 (PI3K/mTOR inhibitor). The broad applicability of KH-1 is demonstrated to result from simultaneous inhibition of survival pathways and augmentation of apoptotic pathways. In addition, KH-1 covalently conjugated with anthracycline anticancer agent, epirubicin, integrates the advantages of both chemosensitization function and improved intracellular drug delivery in a single system and takes effect on the same cell. Therefore, in the present study, we have provided mechanistic demonstration that crosslinking of surface receptors can be leveraged to elicit chemosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sirima Soodvilai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University,Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry/Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Narayan S, Ramisetti S, Jaiswal AS, Law BK, Singh-Pillay A, Singh P, Amin S, Sharma AK. ASR352, A potent anticancer agent: Synthesis, preliminary SAR, and biological activities against colorectal cancer bulk, 5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin resistant and stem cells. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 161:456-467. [PMID: 30384048 PMCID: PMC7115410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite new agent development and short-term benefits in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), metastatic CRC cure rates have not improved due to high rates of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin/oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)-resistance and a clinical therapeutic plateau. At the same time, this treatment regime leads to significant toxicity, cost, and patient inconvenience. Drug-resistance is linked to CRC stem cells, which are associated with the epidermal-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. Thus, to optimally treat CRC, a therapy that can target the cell survival and EMT pathways in both CRC bulk and stem cell populations is critical. We recently identified a novel small molecule NSC30049 (7a) that is effective alone, and in combination potentiates 5-FU-mediated growth inhibition of CRC bulk, FOLFOX-resistant, and CRC stem cells both in vitro and in vivo models. In the present study, we report the synthesis and anti-CRC evaluation of several stable and effective 7a analogs. ASR352 (7b) was identified as one of the equipotent 7a analogs that inhibited the growth of CRC bulk cells, sensitized FOLFOX-resistant cells, and reduced the sphere formation capacity of CRC stem cells. It appears that the complex mechanism of cytotoxicity for 7b includes abrogation of 5-FU-induced the S phase, reduction of the phosphorylation of Chk1 at S317P, S345P and S296P, increased γH2AX staining, activation of caspase 3/PARP1 cleavage, and enhancement of Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Further 7b-mediated reduced phosphorylation of Chk1 was an indirect effect, since it did not inhibit Chk1 activity in an in vitro kinase assay. Our findings suggest that 7b as a single agent, or in combination with 5-FU can be developed as a therapeutic agent in CRC bulk, FOLFOX-resistant, and CRC stem cell populations for unmanageable metastatic CRC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Srinivasa Ramisetti
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Aruna S Jaiswal
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Brian K Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Lei M, Sha S, Wang X, Wang J, Du X, Miao H, Zhou H, Bai E, Shi J, Zhu Y. Co-delivery of paclitaxel and gemcitabine via a self-assembling nanoparticle for targeted treatment of breast cancer. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5512-5520. [PMID: 35515924 PMCID: PMC9060788 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00276f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-functional nanoparticles can be used to improve the treatment index and reduce side effects of anti-tumor drugs. Herein, we developed a kind of multi-functional and highly biocompatible nanoparticle (NP) loaded with folic acid (FA), paclitaxel (PTX) and gemcitabine (GEM) via self-assembly to target cancer cells. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that multi-functional FA targeting nanoparticles (MF-FA NPs) exhibited spherical morphology and favorable structural stability in aqueous solution. In addition, NPs (MF-FA NPs and MF NPs) exhibited comparable proliferation inhibition to breast cancer cell 4T1 compared with the pure drug. In in vivo antitumor studies, NPs showed an obviously enhanced anti-tumor efficacy compared with the pure drug. Furthermore, MF-FA NPs displayed higher tumor growth inhibition than MF NPs due to the specific targeting of FA to cancer cells. Consequently, the novel MF-FA NPs could be used as a potential chemotherapeutic formulation for breast cancer therapy. Preparation of MF-FA nanoparticles and the release behavior of drugs in tumor cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lei
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- PR China
| | - Sijia Sha
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- PR China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210046
- PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Nanjing 210046
- PR China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Hang Miao
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- PR China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210046
- PR China
| | - Enhe Bai
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210046
- PR China
| | - Jingmiao Shi
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Nanjing 210046
- PR China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210046
- PR China
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35
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Donati B, Lorenzini E, Ciarrocchi A. BRD4 and Cancer: going beyond transcriptional regulation. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:164. [PMID: 30466442 PMCID: PMC6251205 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BRD4, member of the Bromodomain and Extraterminal (BET) protein family, is largely acknowledged in cancer for its role in super-enhancers (SEs) organization and oncogenes expression regulation. Inhibition of BRD4 shortcuts the communication between SEs and target promoters with a subsequent cell-specific repression of oncogenes to which cancer cells are addicted and cell death. To date, this is the most credited mechanism of action of BET inhibitors, a class of small molecules targeting BET proteins which are currently in clinical trials in several cancer settings. However, recent evidence indicates that BRD4 relevance in cancer goes beyond its role in transcription regulation and identifies this protein as a keeper of genome stability. Indeed, a non-transcriptional role of BRD4 in controlling DNA damage checkpoint activation and repair as well as telomere maintenance has been proposed, throwing new lights into the multiple functions of this protein and opening new perspectives on the use of BETi in cancer. Here we discuss the current available information on non-canonical, non-transcriptional functions of BRD4 and on their implications in cancer biology. Integrating this information with the already known BRD4 role in gene expression regulation, we propose a “common” model to explain BRD4 genomic function. Furthermore, in light of the transversal function of BRD4, we provide new interpretation for the cytotoxic activity of BETi and we discuss new possibilities for a wide and focused employment of these drugs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Donati
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Eugenia Lorenzini
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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36
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Ebili HO, Iyawe VO, Adeleke KR, Salami BA, Banjo AA, Nolan C, Rakha E, Ellis I, Green A, Agboola AOJ. Checkpoint Kinase 1 Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Nigerian Breast Cancer Patients. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:79-90. [PMID: 29075961 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-017-0302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1), a DNA damage sensor and cell death pathway stimulator, is regarded as an oncogene in tumours, where its activities are considered essential for tumourigenesis and the survival of cancer cells treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In breast cancer, CHEK1 expression has been associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype, the triple-negative breast cancer subtype, an aberrant response to tamoxifen, and poor prognosis. However, the relevance of CHEK1 expression has, hitherto, not been investigated in an indigenous African population. We therefore aimed to investigate the clinicopathological, biological, and prognostic significance of CHEK1 expression in a cohort of Nigerian breast cancer cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Tissue microarrays of 207 Nigerian breast cancer cases were tested for CHEK1 expression using immunohistochemistry. The clinicopathological, molecular, and prognostic characteristics of CHEK1-positive tumours were determined using the Chi-squared test and Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses in SPSS Version 16. RESULTS Nuclear expression of CHEK1 was present in 61% of breast tumours and was associated with tumour size, triple-negative cancer, basal-like phenotype, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, p53 over-expression, DNA homologous repair pathway dysfunction, and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The rate expression of CHEK1 is high in Nigerian breast cancer cases and is associated with an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Okuchukwu Ebili
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Hospital Road, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Victoria O Iyawe
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Hospital Road, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Kikelomo Rachel Adeleke
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Hospital Road, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Adekunbiola Aina Banjo
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Hospital Road, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Chris Nolan
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian Ellis
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ayodeji Olayinka Johnson Agboola
- Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Hospital Road, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
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37
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Maiuthed A, Ninsontia C, Erlenbach-Wuensch K, Ndreshkjana B, Muenzner JK, Caliskan A, Husayn AP, Chaotham C, Hartmann A, Vial Roehe A, Mahadevan V, Chanvorachote P, Schneider-Stock R. Cytoplasmic p21 Mediates 5-Fluorouracil Resistance by Inhibiting Pro-Apoptotic Chk2. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100373. [PMID: 30304835 PMCID: PMC6210175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic cytoplasmic p21 contributes to cancer aggressiveness and chemotherapeutic failure. However, the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we show for the first time that cytoplasmic p21 mediates 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) resistance by shuttling p-Chk2 out of the nucleus to protect the tumor cells from its pro-apoptotic functions. We observed that cytoplasmic p21 levels were up-regulated in 5FU-resistant colorectal cancer cells in vitro and the in vivo Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Kinase array analysis revealed that p-Chk2 is a key target of cytoplasmic p21. Importantly, cytoplasmic form of p21 mediated by p21T145D transfection diminished p-Chk2-mediated activation of E2F1 and apoptosis induction. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assay showed that p21 forms a complex with p-Chk2 under 5FU exposure. Using in silico computer modeling, we suggest that the p21/p-Chk2 interaction hindered the nuclear localization signal of p-Chk2, and therefore, the complex is exported out of the nucleus. These findings unravel a novel mechanism regarding an oncogenic role of p21 in regulation of resistance to 5FU-based chemotherapy. We suggest a possible value of cytoplasmic p21 as a prognosis marker and a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnatchai Maiuthed
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Chuanpit Ninsontia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Erlenbach-Wuensch
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Benardina Ndreshkjana
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Julienne K Muenzner
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Aylin Caliskan
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ahmed P Husayn
- Institute of Bioinformatics & Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Bangalore 560100, India.
| | - Chatchai Chaotham
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Adriana Vial Roehe
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
| | | | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Experimental Tumor Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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38
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He N, Kong Y, Lei X, Liu Y, Wang J, Xu C, Wang Y, Du L, Ji K, Wang Q, Li Z, Liu Q. MSCs inhibit tumor progression and enhance radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells by down-regulating Stat3 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1026. [PMID: 30297887 PMCID: PMC6175943 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of radioresistance by breast cancer cells during radiotherapy may lead to cancer recurrence and poor survival. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is activated in breast cancer cells and, therefore, may be an effective target for overcoming therapeutic resistance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated for use in cancer treatment. Here, we investigated the potential of MSC conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in sensitizing breast cancer to radiotherapy. It was found that MSC-CM could inhibit the level of activated Stat3, suppress cancer growth, and exhibit synergetic effects with radiation treatment in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, MSC-CM reduced the ALDH-positive cancer stem cells (CSCs) population, modulated several potential stem cell markers, and decreased tumor migration, as well as metastasis. These results demonstrate that MSC-CM suppresses breast cancer cells growth and sensitizes cancer cells to radiotherapy through inhibition of the Stat3 signaling pathway, thus, providing a novel strategy for breast cancer therapy by overcoming radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudan Lei
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
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39
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Zhang J, Dulak AM, Hattersley MM, Willis BS, Nikkilä J, Wang A, Lau A, Reimer C, Zinda M, Fawell SE, Mills GB, Chen H. BRD4 facilitates replication stress-induced DNA damage response. Oncogene 2018; 37:3763-3777. [PMID: 29636547 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have demonstrated that select cancers depend on BRD4 to regulate oncogenic gene transcriptional programs. Here we describe a novel role for BRD4 in DNA damage response (DDR). BRD4 associates with and regulates the function of pre-replication factor CDC6 and plays an indispensable part in DNA replication checkpoint signaling. Inhibition of BRD4 by JQ1 or AZD5153 resulted in a rapid, time-dependent reduction in CHK1 phosphorylation and aberrant DNA replication re-initiation. Furthermore, BRD4 inhibition sensitized cancer cells to various replication stress-inducing agents, and synergized with ATR inhibitor AZD6738 to induce cell killing across a number of cancer cell lines. The synergistic interaction between AZD5153 and AZD6738 is translatable to in vivo ovarian cell-line and patient-derived xenograft models. Taken together, our study uncovers a new biological function of BRD4 and provides mechanistic rationale for combining BET inhibitors with DDR-targeted agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Boston, USA
| | - Austin M Dulak
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Jenni Nikkilä
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anderson Wang
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan Lau
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Corinne Reimer
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Boston, USA
| | - Michael Zinda
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Boston, USA
| | | | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huawei Chen
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Boston, USA.
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40
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Kirsch DG, Diehn M, Kesarwala AH, Maity A, Morgan MA, Schwarz JK, Bristow R, Demaria S, Eke I, Griffin RJ, Haas-Kogan D, Higgins GS, Kimmelman AC, Kimple RJ, Lombaert IM, Ma L, Marples B, Pajonk F, Park CC, Schaue D, Tran PT, Willers H, Wouters BG, Bernhard EJ. The Future of Radiobiology. J Natl Cancer Inst 2018; 110:329-340. [PMID: 29126306 PMCID: PMC5928778 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovation and progress in radiation oncology depend on discovery and insights realized through research in radiation biology. Radiobiology research has led to fundamental scientific insights, from the discovery of stem/progenitor cells to the definition of signal transduction pathways activated by ionizing radiation that are now recognized as integral to the DNA damage response (DDR). Radiobiological discoveries are guiding clinical trials that test radiation therapy combined with inhibitors of the DDR kinases DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia telangiectasia related (ATR), and immune or cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors. To maintain scientific and clinical relevance, the field of radiation biology must overcome challenges in research workforce, training, and funding. The National Cancer Institute convened a workshop to discuss the role of radiobiology research and radiation biologists in the future scientific enterprise. Here, we review the discussions of current radiation oncology research approaches and areas of scientific focus considered important for rapid progress in radiation sciences and the continued contribution of radiobiology to radiation oncology and the broader biomedical research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Max Diehn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Amit Maity
- Department of Radiation Oncology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Julie K Schwarz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert Bristow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Iris Eke
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Daphne Haas-Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Geoff S Higgins
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Isabelle M Lombaert
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, Biointerfaces Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Brian Marples
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Catherine C Park
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Phuoc T. Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Henning Willers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brad G. Wouters
- Department of Radiation Oncology (RB), Princess Margaret Cancer Center
| | - Eric J Bernhard
- Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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41
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Lopez-Mejia IC, Castillo-Armengol J, Lagarrigue S, Fajas L. Role of cell cycle regulators in adipose tissue and whole body energy homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:975-987. [PMID: 28988292 PMCID: PMC11105252 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In the course of the last decades, metabolism research has demonstrated that adipose tissue is not an inactive tissue. Rather, adipocytes are key actors of whole body energy homeostasis. Numerous novel regulators of adipose tissue differentiation and function have been identified. With the constant increase of obesity and associated disorders, the interest in adipose tissue function alterations in the XXIst century has become of paramount importance. Recent data suggest that adipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue browning and mitochondrial function, lipogenesis and lipolysis are strongly modulated by the cell division machinery. This review will focus on the function of cell cycle regulators in adipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue function and whole body energy homeostasis; with particular attention in mouse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Lopez-Mejia
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Castillo-Armengol
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Lagarrigue
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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42
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LOX is a novel mitotic spindle-associated protein essential for mitosis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29023-35. [PMID: 27296552 PMCID: PMC5045375 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
LOX regulates cancer progression in a variety of human malignancies. It is overexpressed in aggressive cancers and higher expression of LOX is associated with higher cancer mortality. Here, we report a new function of LOX in mitosis. We show that LOX co-localizes to mitotic spindles from metaphase to telophase, and p-H3(Ser10)-positive cells harbor strong LOX staining. Further, purification of mitotic spindles from synchronized cells show that LOX fails to bind to microtubules in the presence of nocodazole, whereas paclitaxel treated samples showed enrichment in LOX expression, suggesting that LOX binds to stabilized microtubules. LOX knockdown leads to G2/M phase arrest; reduced p-H3(Ser10), cyclin B1, CDK1, and Aurora B. Moreover, LOX knockdown significantly increased sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents that target microtubules. Our findings suggest that LOX has a role in cancer cell mitosis and may be targeted to enhance the activity of microtubule inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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43
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Archer TC, Sengupta S, Pomeroy SL. Brain cancer genomics and epigenomics. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 148:785-797. [PMID: 29478614 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64076-5.00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Classically, brain cancers have been graded and diagnosed based on histology and risk stratified by clinical criteria. Recent advances in genomics and epigenomics have ushered in an era of defining cancers based on molecular criteria. These advances have increased our precision of identifying oncogenic driving events and, most importantly, increased our precision at predicting clinical outcome. For the first time in its history, the 2016 revision of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System included molecular features as tumor classification criteria. Brain tumors can develop in the context of genetic cancer predisposition syndromes, such as Li-Fraumeni or Gorlin syndrome, but by far most commonly arise through the acquisition of somatic mutations and chromosome changes in the malignant cells. By taking a survey across this cancer landscape, certain themes emerge as being common events to drive cancer: DNA damage repair, genomic instability, mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway, sonic hedgehog pathway, hypoxia, and epigenetic dysfunction. Understanding these mechanisms is of paramount importance for improving targeted therapies, and for identifying the right patients for those therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenley C Archer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Scott L Pomeroy
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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44
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Karanika S, Karantanos T, Li L, Wang J, Park S, Yang G, Zuo X, Song JH, Maity SN, Manyam GC, Broom B, Aparicio AM, Gallick GE, Troncoso P, Corn PG, Navone N, Zhang W, Li S, Thompson TC. Targeting DNA Damage Response in Prostate Cancer by Inhibiting Androgen Receptor-CDC6-ATR-Chk1 Signaling. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1970-1981. [PMID: 28228262 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6), an androgen receptor (AR) target gene, is implicated in regulating DNA replication and checkpoint mechanisms. CDC6 expression is increased during prostate cancer (PCa) progression and positively correlates with AR in PCa tissues. AR or CDC6 knockdown, together with AZD7762, a Chk1/2 inhibitor, results in decreased TopBP1-ATR-Chk1 signaling and markedly increased ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) phosphorylation, a biomarker of DNA damage, and synergistically increases treatment efficacy. Combination treatment with the AR signaling inhibitor enzalutamide (ENZ) and the Chk1/2 inhibitor AZD7762 demonstrates synergy with regard to inhibition of AR-CDC6-ATR-Chk1 signaling, ATM phosphorylation induction, and apoptosis in VCaP (mutant p53) and LNCaP-C4-2b (wild-type p53) cells. CDC6 overexpression significantly reduced ENZ- and AZD7762-induced apoptosis. Additive or synergistic therapeutic activities are demonstrated in AR-positive animal xenograft models. These findings have important clinical implications, since they introduce a therapeutic strategy for AR-positive, metastatic, castration-resistant PCa, regardless of p53 status, through targeting AR-CDC6-ATR-Chk1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Karanika
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Theodoros Karantanos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Likun Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuemei Zuo
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian H Song
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sankar N Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Bradley Broom
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Ana M Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gary E Gallick
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul G Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nora Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuhua Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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45
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Schmidt M, Rohe A, Platzer C, Najjar A, Erdmann F, Sippl W. Regulation of G2/M Transition by Inhibition of WEE1 and PKMYT1 Kinases. Molecules 2017; 22:E2045. [PMID: 29168755 PMCID: PMC6149964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the cell cycle, there are two checkpoint arrests that allow cells to repair damaged DNA in order to maintain genomic integrity. Many cancer cells have defective G1 checkpoint mechanisms, thus depending on the G2 checkpoint far more than normal cells. G2 checkpoint abrogation is therefore a promising concept to preferably damage cancerous cells over normal cells. The main factor influencing the decision to enter mitosis is a complex composed of Cdk1 and cyclin B. Cdk1/CycB is regulated by various feedback mechanisms, in particular inhibitory phosphorylations at Thr14 and Tyr15 of Cdk1. In fact, Cdk1/CycB activity is restricted by the balance between WEE family kinases and Cdc25 phosphatases. The WEE kinase family consists of three proteins: WEE1, PKMYT1, and the less important WEE1B. WEE1 exclusively mediates phosphorylation at Tyr15, whereas PKMYT1 is dual-specific for Tyr15 as well as Thr14. Inhibition by a small molecule inhibitor is therefore proposed to be a promising option since WEE kinases bind Cdk1, altering equilibria and thus affecting G2/M transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Alexander Rohe
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Charlott Platzer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Abdulkarim Najjar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Frank Erdmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Borah N, Gunawardana S, Torres H, McDonnell S, Van Slambrouck S. 5,6,7,3',4',5'-Hexamethoxyflavone inhibits growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells via suppression of MAPK and Akt signaling pathways and arresting cell cycle. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1685-1693. [PMID: 29039514 PMCID: PMC5673012 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural components continue to be an important source for the discovery and development of novel anticancer agents. Polymethoxyflavones are a class of flavonoids found in citrus fruits and medicinal plants used in traditional medicine. In the present study, the anticancer activity of the well-known nobiletin (5,6,7,8,3′,4′-hexamethoxyflavone) was compared against its less studied structural isomer 5,6,7,3′,4′,5′-hexamethoxyflavone. These compounds were evaluated on the Hs578T triple-negative breast cancer cell line and its more migratory subclone Hs578Ts(i)8. 5,6,7,3′,4′,5′-hexamethoxyflavone was found to be less toxic than nobiletin, while a similar growth inhibitory effect was observed after 72 h. Additionally, 5,6,7,3′,4′,5′-hexamethoxyflavone arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, while no effect was observed on apoptosis or the migratory behavior of these cells. Furthermore, mechanistic studies revealed that the growth inhibition was concomitant with reduced phosphorylation levels of signaling molecules in the MAPK and Akt pathways as well as cell cycle regulators, involved in regulating cell proliferation, survival and cell cycle. In summary, the present study is the first to report on the anticancer activities of 5,6,7,3′,4′,5′-hexamethoxyflavone and to provide evidence that this flavone could have a greater potential than nobiletin for prevention or treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Borah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Shimara Gunawardana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Haydee Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Susan McDonnell
- UCD School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Severine Van Slambrouck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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Analysis of centrosome and DNA damage response in PLK4 associated Seckel syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:1118-1125. [PMID: 28832566 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) is a group of autosomal recessive inherited single-gene disorders with intrauterine and postnatal global growth failure. Seckel syndrome is the most common form of the MPD. Ten genes are known with Seckel syndrome. Using genome-wide SNP genotyping and homozygosity mapping we mapped a Seckel syndrome gene to chromosomal region 4q28.1-q28.3 in a Turkish family. Direct sequencing of PLK4 (polo-like kinase 4) revealed a homozygous splicing acceptor site transition (c.31-3 A>G) that results in a premature translation termination (p.[=,Asp11Profs*14]) causing deletion of all known functional domains of the protein. PLK4 is a master regulator of centriole biogenesis and its deficiency has recently been associated with Seckel syndrome. However, the role of PLK4 in genomic stability and the DNA damage response is unclear. Evaluation of the PLK4-Seckel fibroblasts obtained from patient revealed the expected impaired centriole biogenesis, disrupted mitotic morphology, G2/M delay, and extended cell doubling time. Analysis of the PLK4-Seckel cells indicated that PLK4 is also essential for genomic stability and DNA damage response. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of the severe growth failure associated with PLK4-deficiency.
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Narayan S, Jaiswal AS, Sharma R, Nawab A, Duckworth LV, Law BK, Zajac-Kaye M, George TJ, Sharma J, Sharma AK, Hromas RA. NSC30049 inhibits Chk1 pathway in 5-FU-resistant CRC bulk and stem cell populations. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57246-57264. [PMID: 28915668 PMCID: PMC5593639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment induces DNA damage and stalling of DNA replication forks. These stalled replication forks then collapse to form one sided double-strand breaks, leading to apoptosis. However, colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells rapidly repair the stalled/collapsed replication forks and overcome treatment effects. Recent evidence suggests a critical role of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) in preventing the replicative stress. Therefore, Chk1 kinase has been a target for developing mono or combination therapeutic agents. In the present study, we have identified a novel orphan molecule NSC30049 (NSC49L) that is effective alone, and in combination potentiates 5-FU-mediated growth inhibition of CRC heterogeneous bulk and FOLFOX-resistant cell lines in culture with minimal effect on normal colonic epithelial cells. It also inhibits the sphere forming activity of CRC stem cells, and decreases the expression levels of mRNAs of CRC stem cell marker genes. Results showed that NSC49L induces 5-FU-mediated S-phase cell cycle arrest due to increased load of DNA damage and increased γ-H2AX staining as a mechanism of cytotoxicity. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed a higher bioavailability of this compound, however, with a short plasma half-life. The drug is highly tolerated by animals with no pathological aberrations. Furthermore, NSC49L showed very potent activity in a HDTX model of CRC stem cell tumors either alone or in combination with 5-FU. Thus, NSC49L as a single agent or combined with 5-FU can be developed as a therapeutic agent by targeting the Chk1 pathway in 5-FU-resistant CRC heterogeneous bulk and CRC stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Aruna S. Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Akbar Nawab
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lizette Vila Duckworth
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian K. Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Maria Zajac-Kaye
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Thomas J. George
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jay Sharma
- Celprogen, Inc., Torrance, CA 90503, USA
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Robert A. Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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49
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Dissect the Dynamic Molecular Circuits of Cell Cycle Control through Network Evolution Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2954351. [PMID: 28466007 PMCID: PMC5390606 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2954351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The molecular circuits of cell cycle control serve as a key hub to integrate from endogenous and environmental signals into a robust biological decision driving cell growth and division. Dysfunctional cell cycle control is highlighted in a wide spectrum of human cancers. More importantly the mainstay anticancer treatment such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy targets the hallmark of uncontrolled cell proliferation in cancer cells by causing DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and cell death. Given the functional importance of cell cycle control, the regulatory mechanisms that drive the cell division have been extensively investigated in a huge number of studies by conventional single-gene approaches. However the complexity of cell cycle control renders a significant barrier to understand its function at a network level. In this study, we used mathematical modeling through modern graph theory and differential equation systems. We believe our network evolution model can help us understand the dynamic cell cycle control in tumor evolution and optimizing dosing schedules for radiation therapy and chemotherapy targeting cell cycle.
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50
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Characterization of Pph3-mediated dephosphorylation of Rad53 during methyl methanesulfonate-induced DNA damage repair in Candida albicans. Biochem J 2017; 474:1293-1306. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxic stress causes DNA damage or stalled DNA replication and filamentous growth in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. The DNA checkpoint kinase Rad53 critically regulates by phosphorylation effectors that execute the stress response. Rad53 itself is activated by phosphorylation and inactivated by dephosphorylation. Previous studies have suggested that the phosphatase Pph3 dephosphorylates Rad53. Here, we used mass spectrometry and mutagenesis to identify Pph3 dephosphorylation sites on Rad53 in C. albicans. We found that serine residues 351, 461 and 477, which were dephosphorylated in wild-type cells during the recovery from DNA damage caused by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), remained phosphorylated in pph3Δ/Δ cells. Phosphomimetic mutation of the three residues (rad53-3D) impaired Rad53 dephosphorylation, exit from cell cycle arrest, dephosphorylation of two Rad53 effectors Dun1 and Dbf4, and the filament-to-yeast growth transition during the recovery from MMS-induced DNA damage. The phenotypes observed in the rad53-3D mutant also occurred in the pph3Δ/Δ mutant. Together, our findings reveal a molecular mechanism by which Pph3 controls DNA damage response in C. albicans.
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