1
|
Jansen J, Bohnsack KE, Böhlken-Fascher S, Bohnsack MT, Dobbelstein M. The ribosomal protein L22 binds the MDM4 pre-mRNA and promotes exon skipping to activate p53 upon nucleolar stress. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114610. [PMID: 39116201 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and its antagonists MDM2 and MDM4 integrate stress signaling. For instance, dysbalanced assembly of ribosomes in nucleoli induces p53. Here, we show that the ribosomal protein L22 (RPL22; eL22), under conditions of ribosomal and nucleolar stress, promotes the skipping of MDM4 exon 6. Upon L22 depletion, more full-length MDM4 is maintained, leading to diminished p53 activity and enhanced cellular proliferation. L22 binds to specific RNA elements within intron 6 of MDM4 that correspond to a stem-loop consensus, leading to exon 6 skipping. Targeted deletion of these intronic elements largely abolishes L22-mediated exon skipping and re-enables cell proliferation, despite nucleolar stress. L22 also governs alternative splicing of the L22L1 (RPL22L1) and UBAP2L mRNAs. Thus, L22 serves as a signaling intermediate that integrates different layers of gene expression. Defects in ribosome synthesis lead to specific alternative splicing, ultimately triggering p53-mediated transcription and arresting cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jansen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katherine E Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Böhlken-Fascher
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus T Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Dobbelstein
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumari P, Tarighi S, Fuchshuber E, Li L, Fernández-Duran I, Wang M, Ayoson J, Castelló-García JM, Gámez-García A, Espinosa-Alcantud M, Sreenivasan K, Guenther S, Olivella M, Savai R, Yue S, Vaquero A, Braun T, Ianni A. SIRT7 promotes lung cancer progression by destabilizing the tumor suppressor ARF. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2409269121. [PMID: 38870055 PMCID: PMC11194565 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2409269121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) is a member of the mammalian family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone/protein deacetylases, known as sirtuins. It acts as a potent oncogene in numerous malignancies, but the molecular mechanisms employed by SIRT7 to sustain lung cancer progression remain largely uncharacterized. We demonstrate that SIRT7 exerts oncogenic functions in lung cancer cells by destabilizing the tumor suppressor alternative reading frame (ARF). SIRT7 directly interacts with ARF and prevents binding of ARF to nucleophosmin, thereby promoting proteasomal-dependent degradation of ARF. We show that SIRT7-mediated degradation of ARF increases expression of protumorigenic genes and stimulates proliferation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells both in vitro and in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. Bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome data from human lung adenocarcinomas revealed a correlation between SIRT7 expression and increased activity of genes normally repressed by ARF. We propose that disruption of SIRT7-ARF signaling stabilizes ARF and thus attenuates cancer cell proliferation, offering a strategy to mitigate NSCLC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kumari
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Shahriar Tarighi
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Eva Fuchshuber
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Luhan Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Irene Fernández-Duran
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia08916, Spain
| | - Meilin Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Joshua Ayoson
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Jose Manuel Castelló-García
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia08916, Spain
| | - Andrés Gámez-García
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia08916, Spain
| | - Maria Espinosa-Alcantud
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia08916, Spain
| | - Krishnamoorthy Sreenivasan
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Mireia Olivella
- Facultat de Ciències, Tecnologia I Enginyeries, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Barcelona08500, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Innovació en Ciències de la Vida i de la Salut a la Catalunya Central, Vic, Barcelona08500, Spain
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- Lung Microenvironmental Niche in Cancerogenesis, Institute for Lung Health, Justus Liebig University, GiessenD-35392, Germany
| | - Shijing Yue
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ianni
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- Chromatin Biology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia08916, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Wang J, Tang K, Yang Y, Liu X, Yuan S, Guo F, Zhang L, Ma K. The cell cycle regulator p16 promotes tumor infiltrated CD8 + T cell exhaustion and apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:339. [PMID: 38750022 PMCID: PMC11096187 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy is largely restricted by reduced viability and dysfunction of CD8+ T cells. Continuous antigen stimulation disrupts the expansion, effector function, and metabolic fitness of CD8+ T cells, leading to their differentiation into an exhausted state within the tumor microenvironment (TME). While the function of the cell cycle negative regulator p16 in senescent cells is well understood, its role in T cell exhaustion remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that TCR stimulation of CD8+ T cells rapidly upregulates p16 expression, with its levels positively correlating with TCR affinity. Chronic TCR stimulation further increased p16 expression, leading to CD8+ T cell apoptosis and exhaustion differentiation, without inducing DNA damage or cell senescence. Mechanistic investigations revealed that p16 downregulates mTOR, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) associated gene expression, resulting in impaired mitochondrial fitness, reduced T cell viability, and diminished effector function. Furthermore, the deletion of p16 significantly enhances the persistence of CD8+ T cells within tumors and suppresses the terminal exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Overall, our findings elucidate how increased p16 expression reshapes T cell intracellular metabolism, drives T cell apoptosis and exhaustion differentiation, and ultimately impairs T cell anti-tumor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Kun Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences (IBMS), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China.
| | - Kaili Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sui XY, Ma XY, Hou Y, Cao SW, Wang ZQ, Jia LJ, Fan L, Shao ZM, Zhang WJ. Elongin B promotes breast cancer progression by ubiquitinating tumor suppressor p14/ARF. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:24. [PMID: 38653919 PMCID: PMC11039524 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Elongin B (ELOB), a pivotal element in the ELOB/c-Cullin2/5-SOCS-box E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, plays a significant role in catalyzing the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of a broad spectrum of target proteins. Notably, it is documented to facilitate these processes. However, the regulatory role of ELOB in breast cancer remains ambiguous. In this study, through bio-informatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center database, we demonstrated that ELOB was over-expressed in breast cancer tissues and was related to unfavorable prognosis. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis illustrated that high expression of ELOB was associated with multiple cancer promoting pathways, like cell cycle, DNA replication, proteasome and PI3K - Akt signaling pathway, indicating ELOB as a potential anticancer target. Then, we confirmed that both in vivo and in vitro, the proliferation of breast cancer cells could be significantly suppressed by the down-regulation of ELOB. Mechanically, immunoprecipitation and in vivo ubiquitination assays prompted that, as the core element of Cullin2-RBX1-ELOB E3 ligase (CRL2) complex, ELOB regulated the ubiquitination and the subsequent degradation of oncoprotein p14/ARF. Moreover, the anticancer efficacy of erasing ELOB could be rescued by simultaneous knockdown of p14/ARF. Finally, through analyzing breast cancer tissue microarrays and western blot of patient samples, we demonstrated that the expression of ELOB in tumor tissues was elevated in compared to adjacent normal tissues. In conclusion, ELOB is identified to be a promising innovative target for the drug development of breast cancer by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of oncoprotein p14/ARF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Sui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujin Hou
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuo-Wen Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Febres-Aldana CA, Fanaroff R, Offin M, Zauderer MG, Sauter JL, Yang SR, Ladanyi M. Diffuse Pleural Mesothelioma: Advances in Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:11-42. [PMID: 37722697 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042420-092719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM) is a highly aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the mesothelial cells lining the pleural surfaces. While DPM is a well-recognized disease linked to asbestos exposure, recent advances have expanded our understanding of molecular pathogenesis and transformed our clinical practice. This comprehensive review explores the current concepts and emerging trends in DPM, including risk factors, pathobiology, histologic subtyping, and therapeutic management, with an emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach to this complex disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Febres-Aldana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; ,
| | - Rachel Fanaroff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; ,
| | - Michael Offin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marjorie G Zauderer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer L Sauter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; ,
| | - Soo-Ryum Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; ,
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; ,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gibbs E, Miao Q, Ferrolino M, Bajpai R, Hassan A, Phillips AH, Pitre A, Kümmerle R, Miller S, Heller W, Stanley C, Perrone B, Kriwacki R. p14 ARF forms meso-scale assemblies upon phase separation with NPM1. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3592059. [PMID: 38106181 PMCID: PMC10723529 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3592059/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
NPM1 is an abundant nucleolar chaperone that, in addition to facilitating ribosome biogenesis, contributes to nucleolar stress responses and tumor suppression through its regulation of the p14 Alternative Reading Frame tumor suppressor protein (p14ARF). Oncogenic stress induces p14ARF to inhibit MDM2, stabilize p53 and arrest the cell cycle. Under non-stress conditions, NPM1 stabilizes p14ARF in nucleoli, preventing its degradation and blocking p53 activation. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of p14ARF by NPM1 are unclear because the structural features of the p14ARF-NPM1 complex remain elusive. Here we show that NPM1 sequesters p14ARF within phase-separated condensates, facilitating the assembly of p14ARF into a gel-like meso-scale network. This assembly is mediated by intermolecular contacts formed by hydrophobic residues in an α-helix and β-strands within a partially folded N-terminal domain of p14ARF. Those hydrophobic interactions promote phase separation with NPM1, enhance nucleolar partitioning of p14ARF, restrict p14ARF and NPM1 diffusion within condensates and in nucleoli, and reduce cell viability. Our structural model provides novel insights into the multifaceted chaperone function of NPM1 in nucleoli by mechanistically linking the nucleolar localization of p14ARF to its partial folding and meso-scale assembly upon phase separation with NPM1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gibbs
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mylene Ferrolino
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richa Bajpai
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aila Hassan
- Bruker Switzerland AG, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Aaron H. Phillips
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aaron Pitre
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Shondra Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - William Heller
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Chris Stanley
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Richard Kriwacki
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Catalanotto C, Barbato C, Cogoni C, Benelli D. The RNA-Binding Function of Ribosomal Proteins and Ribosome Biogenesis Factors in Human Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2969. [PMID: 38001969 PMCID: PMC10669870 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ribosome is a macromolecular complex composed of RNA and proteins that interact through an integrated and interconnected network to preserve its ancient core activities. In this review, we emphasize the pivotal role played by RNA-binding proteins as a driving force in the evolution of the current form of the ribosome, underscoring their importance in ensuring accurate protein synthesis. This category of proteins includes both ribosomal proteins and ribosome biogenesis factors. Impairment of their RNA-binding activity can also lead to ribosomopathies, which is a group of disorders characterized by defects in ribosome biogenesis that are detrimental to protein synthesis and cellular homeostasis. A comprehensive understanding of these intricate processes is essential for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the resulting diseases and advancing potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Catalanotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Christian Barbato
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Sense Organs DOS, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Cogoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Dario Benelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Di Z, Xu G, Ding Z, Li C, Song J, Huang G, Zheng J, Zhang X, Xiong B. Identification and validation of a novel prognosis model based on m5C-related long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:196. [PMID: 37670275 PMCID: PMC10481501 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of tumor patients can be assessed by measuring the levels of lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs), which play a role in controlling the methylation of the RNA. Prognosis in individuals with colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) is strongly linked to lncRNA expression, making it imperative to find lncRNAs that are associated with RNA methylation with strong prognostic value. METHODS In this study, by analyzing TCGA dataset, we were able to develop a risk model for lncRNAs that are associated with m5C with prognostic significance by employing LASSO regression and univariate Cox proportional analysis. There were a number of methods employed to ensure the model was accurate, including multivariate and univariate Cox regression analysis, Kaplan analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The principal component analysis, GSEA and GSVA analysis were used for risk model analysis. The CIBERSORT instrument and the TIMER database were used to evaluate the link between the immune cells that infiltrate tumors and the risk model. In vitro experiments were also performed to validate the predicted m5C-related significant lncRNAs. RESULTS The m5c regulators were differentially expressed in colorectal cancer and normal tissue. Based on the screening criteria and LASSO regression, 11 m5c-related lncRNAs were identified for developing the prognostic risk model. Multivariate and univariate Cox regression analysis showed the risk score is a crucial prognostic factor in CRC patients. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year AUC curves showed the risk score was higher than those identified for other clinicopathological characteristics. A nomogram using the risk score as a quantitative tool was developed for predicting patients' outcomes in clinical settings. In addition, the risk profile of m5C-associated lncRNAs can discriminate between tumor immune cells' characteristics in CRC. Mutation patterns and chemotherapy were analyzed between high- and low- risk groups of CRC patients. Moreover, TNFRSF10A-AS1 was chosen for the in vitro verification of the m5C-connected lncRNA to demonstrate impressive effects on the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells. CONCLUSION A risk model including the prognostic value of 11 m5C-associated lncRNAs proves to be a useful prognostic tool for CRC and improves the care of patients suffering from CRC based on these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Di
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaoran Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheyu Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengxin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialin Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoquan Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Voigt E, Quelle DE. FOXM1, MEK, and CDK4/6: New Targets for Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13596. [PMID: 37686402 PMCID: PMC10487994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are deadly sarcomas, which desperately need effective therapies. Half of all MPNSTs arise in patients with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), a common inherited disease. NF1 patients can develop benign lesions called plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs), often in adolescence, and over time, some PNFs, but not all, will transform into MPNSTs. A deeper understanding of the molecular and genetic alterations driving PNF-MPNST transformation will guide development of more targeted and effective treatments for these patients. This review focuses on an oncogenic transcription factor, FOXM1, which is a powerful oncogene in other cancers but little studied in MPNSTs. Elevated expression of FOXM1 was seen in patient MPNSTs and correlated with poor survival, but otherwise, its role in the disease is unknown. We discuss what is known about FOXM1 in MPNSTs relative to other cancers and how FOXM1 may be regulated by and/or regulate the most commonly altered players in MPNSTs, particularly in the MEK and CDK4/6 kinase pathways. We conclude by considering FOXM1, MEK, and CDK4/6 as new, clinically relevant targets for MPNST therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Voigt
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sola M, Rendon-Angel A, Rojo Martinez V, Sgrignani J, Magrin C, Piovesana E, Cavalli A, Paganetti P, Papin S. Tau protein binds to the P53 E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10208. [PMID: 37353565 PMCID: PMC10290082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau gene mutations cause a progressive dementia and neurotoxic Tau forms deposited in neurofibrillary tangles are hallmarks of neurodegenerative tauopathies. Loss of non-canonical Tau functions may contribute to disease. In fact, Tau depletion affects the cellular response to DNA damage and tauopathies exhibit the accumulation of DNA lesions. Moreover, Tau modulates P53 activity and cell fate. Considering that MDM2 is the main antagonist of P53, we investigated, using orthogonal assays, if Tau interacts with MDM2. We report the existence in cells and brain of a Tau-MDM2 complex that, in vitro, exhibits reduced P53 ubiquitination activity in a manner sensitive to a Tau mutation. The Tau-MDM2 interaction involves the microtubule-binding domain of Tau and the acidic domain of MDM2, reminiscent of the binding of Tau to negatively charged microtubules. Notably, MDM2 accumulates aberrantly in neurofibrillary tangles. Aging-associated insults may expose a novel loss-of-function of Tau in neurodegeneration and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sola
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- PhD Program in Neurosciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Azucena Rendon-Angel
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Viviana Rojo Martinez
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Sgrignani
- Computational Structural Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Magrin
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- PhD Program in Neurosciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ester Piovesana
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- PhD Program in Neurosciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational Structural Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Paganetti
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- PhD Program in Neurosciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
- Neurocentro Della Svizzera Italiana, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphanie Papin
- Laboratory for Aging Disorders, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Room 102a, Via Chiesa 5, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen J, Wang Q, Mao Y, Gao W, Duan S. Targeting the p53 signaling pathway in cancers: Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e288. [PMID: 37256211 PMCID: PMC10225743 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 can transcriptionally activate downstream genes in response to stress, and then regulate the cell cycle, DNA repair, metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and other biological responses. p53 has seven functional domains and 12 splice isoforms, and different domains and subtypes play different roles. The activation and inactivation of p53 are finely regulated and are associated with phosphorylation/acetylation modification and ubiquitination modification, respectively. Abnormal activation of p53 is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. While targeted therapy of the p53 signaling pathway is still in its early stages and only a few drugs or treatments have entered clinical trials, the development of new drugs and ongoing clinical trials are expected to lead to the widespread use of p53 signaling-targeted therapy in cancer treatment in the future. TRIAP1 is a novel p53 downstream inhibitor of apoptosis. TRIAP1 is the homolog of yeast mitochondrial intermembrane protein MDM35, which can play a tumor-promoting role by blocking the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. This work provides a systematic overview of recent basic research and clinical progress in the p53 signaling pathway and proposes that TRIAP1 is an important therapeutic target downstream of p53 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qurui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yunan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of MedicineHangzhou City UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matsubayashi S, Ito S, Araya J, Kuwano K. Drugs against metabolic diseases as potential senotherapeutics for aging-related respiratory diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1079626. [PMID: 37077349 PMCID: PMC10106576 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1079626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in aging research have provided novel insights for the development of senotherapy, which utilizes cellular senescence as a therapeutic target. Cellular senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, including metabolic and respiratory diseases. Senotherapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for aging-related pathologies. Senotherapy can be classified into senolytics (induce cell death in senescent cells) and senomorphics (ameliorate the adverse effects of senescent cells represented by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype). Although the precise mechanism has not been elucidated, various drugs against metabolic diseases may function as senotherapeutics, which has piqued the interest of the scientific community. Cellular senescence is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which are aging-related respiratory diseases. Large-scale observational studies have reported that several drugs, such as metformin and statins, may ameliorate the progression of COPD and IPF. Recent studies have reported that drugs against metabolic diseases may exert a pharmacological effect on aging-related respiratory diseases that can be different from their original effect on metabolic diseases. However, high non-physiological concentrations are needed to determine the efficacy of these drugs under experimental conditions. Inhalation therapy may increase the local concentration of drugs in the lungs without exerting systemic adverse effects. Thus, the clinical application of drugs against metabolic diseases, especially through an inhalation treatment modality, can be a novel therapeutic approach for aging-related respiratory diseases. This review summarizes and discusses accumulating evidence on the mechanisms of aging, as well as on cellular senescence and senotherapeutics, including drugs against metabolic diseases. We propose a developmental strategy for a senotherapeutic approach for aging-related respiratory diseases with a special focus on COPD and IPF.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cozma EC, Banciu LM, Soare C, Cretoiu SM. Update on the Molecular Pathology of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076646. [PMID: 37047618 PMCID: PMC10095059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, originating from keratinocytes of the spinous layer. Numerous risk factors have been discovered for the initiation and growth of this type of cancer, such as exposure to UV and ionizing radiation, chemical carcinogens, the presence of immunosuppression states, chronic inflammation, infections with high-risk viral strains, and, last but not least, the presence of diseases associated with genetic alterations. The important socio-economic impact, as well as the difficulty associated with therapy for advanced forms, has made the molecular mechanisms underlying this neoplasia more and more intensively studied, with the intention of achieving a better understanding and advancing the treatment of this pathology. This review aims to provide a brief foray into the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic aspects of this cancer, as well as the treatment methods, ranging from the first used to the latest targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Codruta Cozma
- Dermatology Department, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
- Pathophysiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Laura Madalina Banciu
- Dermatology Department, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Soare
- Dermatology Department, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
- Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda-Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang J, Qiu T, Yang C, Yuan Y, Qin L, Zhang P. Atypical cell cycle profile of mouse embryonic stem cell is regulated by classic oncogenic and tumor suppressive genes in vitro. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11979. [PMID: 36578422 PMCID: PMC9791322 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) exhibit an unusual cell cycle profile containing a short G1 phase. Whether this feature is required to maintain pluripotency is a matter of debate. Here, we report that the short G1 phase is a consequence of MEK1/2 kinase-mediated promotion of G1/S transition, but not necessarily coupled with pluripotency maintenance. We find that compared to primed ESCs, naïve ESCs exhibit a significantly longer G1 phase due to the inhibition of MEK1/2 kinases. MEK1/2 inhibition increases intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the stabilization of p53 protein. The genetic ablation of p53 largely converts the cell cycle profile of naïve ESCs to that of primed ESCs. These results demonstrate that pluripotency and proliferation are separable cellular events, and the short G1 phase of primed ESCs is a manifestation of the intricate interplay between classical oncogenes MEK1/2 and tumor suppressor gene TP53 to promote G1/S transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Jiang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital
| | - Tong Qiu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital
| | - Chao Yang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Division of Bioinformatics, Sichuan Cunde Therapeutics, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College,Corresponding authors.
| | - Peixuan Zhang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China,Corresponding authors.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Amendolare A, Marzano F, Petruzzella V, Vacca RA, Guerrini L, Pesole G, Sbisà E, Tullo A. The Underestimated Role of the p53 Pathway in Renal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235733. [PMID: 36497215 PMCID: PMC9736171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is known as the guardian of the genome, playing a pivotal role in controlling genome integrity, and its functions are lost in more than 50% of human tumors due to somatic mutations. This percentage rises to 90% if mutations and alterations in the genes that code for regulators of p53 stability and activity are taken into account. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a clear example of cancer that despite having a wild-type p53 shows poor prognosis because of the high rate of resistance to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, which leads to recurrence, metastasis and death. Remarkably, the fact that p53 is poorly mutated does not mean that it is functionally active, and increasing experimental evidences have demonstrated this. Therefore, RCC represents an extraordinary example of the importance of p53 pathway alterations in therapy resistance. The search for novel molecular biomarkers involved in the pathways that regulate altered p53 in RCC is mandatory for improving early diagnosis, evaluating the prognosis and developing novel potential therapeutic targets for better RCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Amendolare
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council—CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Flaviana Marzano
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council—CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Petruzzella
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council—CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Guerrini
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council—CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sbisà
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council—CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Apollonia Tullo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council—CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805929672
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nucleus-translocated mitochondrial cytochrome c liberates nucleophosmin-sequestered ARF tumor suppressor by changing nucleolar liquid–liquid phase separation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:1024-1036. [DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
17
|
Moran H, A. Ghandhi S, Shimada N, Hubbard K. Identification of RNA Species That Bind to the hnRNP A1 in Normal and Senescent Human Fibroblasts. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
hnRNP A1 is a member of the hnRNPs (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins) family of proteins that play a central role in regulating genes responsible for cell proliferation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and telomere biogenesis. Previous studies have shown that hnRNPA1 had reduced protein levels and increased cytoplasmic accumulation in senescent human diploid fibroblasts. The consequence of reduced protein expression and altered cellular localization may account for the alterations in gene expression observed during senescence. There is limited information for gene targets of hnRNP A1 as well as its in vivo function. In these studies, we performed RNA co-immunoprecipitation experiments using hnRNP A1 as the target protein to identify potential mRNA species in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Using this approach, we identified the human double minute 2 (HDM2) mRNA as a binding target for hnRNP A1 in young and senescent human diploid fibroblasts cells. It was also observed that alterations of hnRNP A1 expression modulate HDM2 mRNA levels in young IMR-90 cells. We also demonstrated that the levels of HDM2 mRNA increased with the downregulation of hnRNP A1 and decrease with the overexpression of hnRNP A1. Although we did not observe a significant decrease in HDM2 protein level, a concomitant increase in p53 protein level was detected with the overexpression of hnRNP A1. Our studies also show that hnRNP A1 directly interacts with HDM2 mRNA at a region corresponding to its 3′ UTR (untranslated region of a gene). The results from this study demonstrate that hnRNP A1 has a novel role in participating in the regulation of HDM2 gene expression.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kowalczyk D, Nakasone MA, Smith BO, Huang DT. Bivalent binding of p14ARF to MDM2 RING and acidic domains inhibits E3 ligase function. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202201472. [PMID: 35944929 PMCID: PMC9366199 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ARF tumor suppressor protein is a key regulator of the MDM2-p53 signaling axis. ARF interferes with MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53 by sequestering MDM2 in the nucleolus and preventing MDM2-p53 interaction and nuclear export of p53. Moreover, ARF also directly inhibits MDM2 ubiquitin ligase (E3) activity, but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we apply nuclear magnetic resonance and biochemical analyses to uncover the mechanism of ARF-mediated inhibition of MDM2 E3 activity. We show that MDM2 acidic and zinc finger domains (AD-ZnF) form a weak intramolecular interaction with the RING domain, where the binding site overlaps with the E2∼ubiquitin binding surface and thereby partially reduces MDM2 E3 activity. Binding of human N-terminal 32 residues of p14ARF to the acidic domain of MDM2 strengthens the AD-ZnF-RING domain interaction. Furthermore, the N-terminal RxFxV motifs of p14ARF participate directly in the MDM2 RING domain interaction. This bivalent binding mode of p14ARF to MDM2 acidic and RING domains restricts E2∼ubiquitin recruitment and massively hinders MDM2 E3 activity. These findings elucidate the mechanism by which ARF inhibits MDM2 E3 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian O Smith
- Institute of Molecular Cell and System Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Danny T Huang
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death that is triggered by the toxic build-up of lipid peroxides on cellular membranes. In recent years, ferroptosis has garnered enormous interest in cancer research communities, partly because it is a unique cell death modality that is mechanistically and morphologically different from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, and therefore holds great potential for cancer therapy. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of ferroptosis-inducing and ferroptosis defence mechanisms, dissect the roles and mechanisms of ferroptosis in tumour suppression and tumour immunity, conceptualize the diverse vulnerabilities of cancer cells to ferroptosis, and explore therapeutic strategies for targeting ferroptosis in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lei
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nie Z, Chen M, Gao Y, Huang D, Cao H, Peng Y, Guo N, Wang F, Zhang S. Ferroptosis and Tumor Drug Resistance: Current Status and Major Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879317. [PMID: 35668934 PMCID: PMC9163417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death, whose unique metabolic characteristics are commonly used to evaluate the conditions of various diseases especially in tumors. Accumulating evidence supports that ferroptosis can regulate tumor development, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. Considering to the important role of chemotherapy in tumor treatment, drug resistance has become the most serious challenge. Revealing the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis is expected to solve tumor drug resistance and find new therapies to treat cancers. In this review, we discuss the relationship between ferroptosis and tumor drug resistance, summarize the abnormal ferroptosis in tissues of different cancer types and current research progress and challenges in overcoming treatment resistance, and explore the concept of targeting ferroptosis to improve tumor treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Nie
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuanhui Gao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Denggao Huang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanling Peng
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Na Guo
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shufang Zhang, ; Fei Wang,
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shufang Zhang, ; Fei Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073478. [PMID: 35408839 PMCID: PMC8998533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers are cutaneous malignancies representing the most common form of cancer in the United States. They are comprised predominantly of basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC). The incidence of cSCC is increasing, resulting in substantial morbidity and ever higher treatment costs; currently in excess of one billion dollars, per annum. Here, we review research defining the molecular basis and development of cSCC that aims to provide new insights into pathogenesis and drive the development of novel, cost and morbidity saving therapies.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hornofova T, Pokorna B, Hubackova SS, Uvizl A, Kosla J, Bartek J, Hodny Z, Vasicova P. Phospho-SIM and exon8b of PML protein regulate formation of doxorubicin-induced rDNA-PML compartment. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 114:103319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
23
|
Ge C, Zhang S, Mu H, Zheng S, Tan Z, Huang X, Xu C, Zou J, Zhu Y, Feng D, Aa J. Emerging Mechanisms and Disease Implications of Ferroptosis: Potential Applications of Natural Products. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:774957. [PMID: 35118067 PMCID: PMC8804219 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of regulatory cell death (RCD), has been demonstrated to be distinct from other types of RCD, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. Ferroptosis is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and oxidative perturbation, and is inhibited by iron chelators and lipophilic antioxidants. This process is regulated by specific pathways and is implicated in diverse biological contexts, mainly including iron homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. A large body of evidence suggests that ferroptosis is interrelated with various physiological and pathological processes, including tumor progression (neuro)degenerative diseases, and hepatic and renal failure. There is an urgent need for the discovery of novel effective ferroptosis-modulating compounds, even though some experimental reagents and approved clinical drugs have been well documented to have anti- or pro-ferroptotic properties. This review outlines recent advances in molecular mechanisms of the ferroptotic death process and discusses its multiple roles in diverse pathophysiological contexts. Furthermore, we summarize chemical compounds and natural products, that act as inducers or inhibitors of ferroptosis in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Herein, it is particularly highlighted that natural products show promising prospects in ferroptosis-associated (adjuvant) therapy with unique advantages of having multiple components, multiple biotargets and slight side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiwen Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaojun Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoyi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xintong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Zou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine & Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yubing Zhu, ; Dong Feng, ; Jiye Aa,
| | - Dong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Southern Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yubing Zhu, ; Dong Feng, ; Jiye Aa,
| | - Jiye Aa
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yubing Zhu, ; Dong Feng, ; Jiye Aa,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Roby KC, Lieberman A, Kim BJ, Rodríguez NZ, Posimo JM, Tsang T, Verginadis II, Puré E, Brady DC, Koumenis C, Ryeom S. Loss of p19Arf Promotes Fibroblast Survival During Leucine Deprivation. Biol Open 2022; 11:273918. [PMID: 34994382 PMCID: PMC8864297 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are quiescent and tumor suppressive in nature but become activated in wound healing and cancer. The response of fibroblasts to cellular stress has not been extensively investigated, however the p53 tumor suppressor has been shown to be activated in fibroblasts during nutrient deprivation. Since the p19 Alternative reading frame (p19Arf) tumor suppressor is a key regulator of p53 activation during oncogenic stress, we investigated the role of p19Arf in fibroblasts during nutrient deprivation. Here, we show that prolonged leucine deprivation results in increased expression and nuclear localization of p19Arf, triggering apoptosis in primary murine adult lung fibroblasts (ALFs). In contrast, the absence of p19Arf during long-term leucine deprivation resulted in increased ALF proliferation, migration and survival through upregulation of the Integrated Stress Response pathway and increased autophagic flux. Our data implicates a new role for p19Arf in response to nutrient deprivation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: We investigated the response of adult lung fibroblasts to nutrient deprivation and reveal a role for the p19Arf tumor suppressor in suppressing both fibroblast activity and survival during leucine deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry C Roby
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Allyson Lieberman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bang-Jin Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicole Zaragoza Rodríguez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Tiffany Tsang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ioannis I Verginadis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ellen Puré
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Donita C Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sandra Ryeom
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The roles of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) oncoprotein in ocular diseases: A review. Exp Eye Res 2022; 217:108910. [PMID: 34998788 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase and the primary negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, cooperates with its structural homolog MDM4/MDMX to control intracellular p53 level. In turn, overexpression of p53 upregulates and forms an autoregulatory feedback loop with MDM2. The MDM2-p53 axis plays a pivotal role in modulating cell cycle control and apoptosis. MDM2 itself is regulated by the PI3K-AKT and RB-E2F-ARF pathways. While amplification of the MDM2 gene or overexpression of MDM2 (due to MDM2 SNP T309G, for instance) is associated with various malignancies, numerous studies have shown that MDM2/p53 alterations may also play a part in the pathogenetic process of certain ocular disorders (Fig. 1). These include cancers (retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma), fibrocellular proliferative diseases (proliferative vitreoretinopathy, pterygium), neovascular diseases, degenerative diseases (cataract, primary open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration) and infectious/inflammatory diseases (trachoma, uveitis). In addition, MDM2 is implicated in retinogenesis and regeneration after optic nerve injury. Anti-MDM2 therapy has shown potential as a novel approach to treating these diseases. Despite major safety concerns, there are high expectations for the clinical value of reformative MDM2 inhibitors. This review summarizes important findings about the role of MDM2 in ocular pathologies and provides an overview of recent advances in treating these diseases with anti-MDM2 therapies.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kohlmeyer JL, Kaemmer CA, Lingo JJ, Voigt E, Leidinger MR, McGivney GR, Scherer A, Koppenhafer SL, Gordon DJ, Breheny P, Meyerholz DK, Tanas MR, Dodd RD, Quelle DE. Oncogenic RABL6A promotes NF1-associated MPNST progression in vivo. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac047. [PMID: 35571990 PMCID: PMC9092646 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas with complex molecular and genetic alterations. Powerful tumor suppressors CDKN2A and TP53 are commonly disrupted along with NF1, a gene that encodes a negative regulator of Ras. Many additional factors have been implicated in MPNST pathogenesis. A greater understanding of critical drivers of MPNSTs is needed to guide more informed targeted therapies for patients. RABL6A is a newly identified driver of MPNST cell survival and proliferation whose in vivo role in the disease is unknown. Methods Using CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of Nf1 + Cdkn2a or Nf1 + Tp53 in the mouse sciatic nerve to form de novo MPNSTs, we investigated the biological significance of RABL6A in MPNST development. Terminal tumors were evaluated by western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Results Mice lacking Rabl6 displayed slower tumor progression and extended survival relative to wildtype animals in both genetic contexts. YAP oncogenic activity was selectively downregulated in Rabl6-null, Nf1 + Cdkn2a lesions whereas loss of RABL6A caused upregulation of the CDK inhibitor, p27, in all tumors. Paradoxically, both models displayed elevated Myc protein and Ki67 staining in terminal tumors lacking RABL6A. In Nf1 + p53 tumors, cellular atypia and polyploidy were evident and increased by RABL6A loss. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that RABL6A is required for optimal progression of NF1 mutant MPNSTs in vivo in both Cdkn2a and p53 inactivated settings. However, sustained RABL6A loss may provide selective pressure for unwanted alterations, including increased Myc, cellular atypia, and polyploidy, that ultimately promote a hyper-proliferative tumor phenotype akin to drug-resistant lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Kohlmeyer
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Courtney A Kaemmer
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joshua J Lingo
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ellen Voigt
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mariah R Leidinger
- The Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Gavin R McGivney
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda Scherer
- The Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - David J Gordon
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Patrick Breheny
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- The Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Munir R Tanas
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rebecca D Dodd
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dawn E Quelle
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
In human cells, each rDNA unit consists of the ~13 kb long ribosomal part and ~30 kb long intergenic spacer (IGS). The ribosomal part, transcribed by RNA polymerase I (pol I), includes genes coding for 18S, 5.8S, and 28S RNAs of the ribosomal particles, as well as their four transcribed spacers. Being highly repetitive, intensively transcribed, and abundantly methylated, rDNA is a very fragile site of the genome, with high risk of instability leading to cancer. Multiple small mutations, considerable expansion or contraction of the rDNA locus, and abnormally enhanced pol I transcription are usual symptoms of transformation. Recently it was found that both IGS and the ribosomal part of the locus contain many functional/potentially functional regions producing non-coding RNAs, which participate in the pol I activity regulation, stress reactions, and development of the malignant phenotype. Thus, there are solid reasons to believe that rDNA locus plays crucial role in carcinogenesis. In this review we discuss the data concerning the human rDNA and its closely associated factors as both targets and drivers of the pathways essential for carcinogenesis. We also examine whether variability in the structure of the locus may be blamed for the malignant transformation. Additionally, we consider the prospects of therapy focused on the activity of rDNA.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang P, Gao K, Zhang L, Sun H, Zhao X, Liu Y, Lv Z, Shi Q, Chen Y, Jiao D, Li Y, Gu W, Wang C. CRL2-KLHDC3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex suppresses ferroptosis through promoting p14 ARF degradation. Cell Death Differ 2021; 29:758-771. [PMID: 34743205 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11 (commonly known as xCT) functions to import cystine for glutathione biosynthesis, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress and ferroptosis, a regulated form of non-apoptotic cell death driven by the accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS). p14ARF, a well-established tumor suppressor, promotes ferroptosis by inhibiting NRF2-mediated SLC7A11 transcription. Here, we demonstrate the crucial role of Cullin 2 RING E3 ligase (CRL2)-KLHDC3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex in regulating p14ARF protein stability. KLHDC3 acts as a CRL2 adaptor that specifically recognizes a C-terminal degron in p14ARF and triggers p14ARF for ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. This regulation mode is absent in the murine p14ARF homolog, p19arf which lacks the C-terminal degron. We also show that KLHDC3 suppresses ferroptosis in vitro and supports tumor growth in vivo by relieving p14ARF-mediated suppression of SLC7A11 transcription. Overall, these findings reveal that the protein stability and pro-ferroptotic function of p14ARF are controlled by a CRL2 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and suggest that suppression of the p14ARF-NRF2-SLC7A11 regulatory pathway by KLHDC3 overexpression likely contributes to cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kun Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaying Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeheng Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingji Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyue Jiao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Chenji Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Palmer A, Epton S, Crawley E, Straface M, Gammon L, Edgar MM, Xu Y, Elahi S, Chin-Aleong J, Martin JE, Bishop CL, Knowles CH, Sanger GJ. Expression of p16 Within Myenteric Neurons of the Aged Colon: A Potential Marker of Declining Function. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:747067. [PMID: 34690683 PMCID: PMC8529329 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.747067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human colonic neuromuscular functions decline among the elderly. The aim was to explore the involvement of senescence. A preliminary PCR study looked for age-dependent differences in expression of CDKN1A (encoding the senescence-related p21 protein) and CDKN2A (encoding p16 and p14) in human ascending and descending colon (without mucosa) from 39 (approximately 50: 50 male: female) adult (aged 27–60 years) and elderly donors (70–89 years). Other genes from different aging pathways (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy) and cell-types (e.g., neurons, neuron axonal transport) were also examined. Unlike CDKN1A, CDKN2A (using primers for p16 and p14 but not when using p14-specific primers) was upregulated in both regions of colon. Compared with the number of genes appearing to upregulate in association with temporal age, more genes positively associated with increased CDKN2A expression (respectively, 16 and five of 44 genes studied for ascending and descending colon). Confirmation of increased expression of CDKN2A was sought by immunostaining for p16 in the myenteric plexus of colon from 52 patients, using a semi-automated software protocol. The results showed increased staining not within the glial cells (S100 stained), but in the cytoplasm of myenteric nerve cell bodies (MAP2 stained, with identified nucleus) of ascending, but not descending colon of the elderly, and not in the cell nucleus of either region or age group (5,710 neurons analyzed: n = 12–14 for each group). It was concluded that increased p16 staining within the cytoplasm of myenteric nerve cell bodies of elderly ascending (but not descending) colon, suggests a region-dependent, post-mitotic cellular senescence-like activity, perhaps involved with aging of enteric neurons within the colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Palmer
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Epton
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Colorectal Surgery and Pathology, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Crawley
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marilisa Straface
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Gammon
- Center for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meghan M Edgar
- Gastroenterology Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yichen Xu
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shezan Elahi
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Chin-Aleong
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Colorectal Surgery and Pathology, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne E Martin
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Colorectal Surgery and Pathology, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cleo L Bishop
- Center for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Center for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles H Knowles
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Colorectal Surgery and Pathology, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J Sanger
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maharjan CK, Ear PH, Tran CG, Howe JR, Chandrasekharan C, Quelle DE. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5117. [PMID: 34680266 PMCID: PMC8533967 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are unique, slow-growing malignancies whose molecular pathogenesis is incompletely understood. With rising incidence of pNETs over the last four decades, larger and more comprehensive 'omic' analyses of patient tumors have led to a clearer picture of the pNET genomic landscape and transcriptional profiles for both primary and metastatic lesions. In pNET patients with advanced disease, those insights have guided the use of targeted therapies that inhibit activated mTOR and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways or stimulate somatostatin receptor signaling. Such treatments have significantly benefited patients, but intrinsic or acquired drug resistance in the tumors remains a major problem that leaves few to no effective treatment options for advanced cases. This demands a better understanding of essential molecular and biological events underlying pNET growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. This review examines the known molecular alterations associated with pNET pathogenesis, identifying which changes may be drivers of the disease and, as such, relevant therapeutic targets. We also highlight areas that warrant further investigation at the biological level and discuss available model systems for pNET research. The paucity of pNET models has hampered research efforts over the years, although recently developed cell line, animal, patient-derived xenograft, and patient-derived organoid models have significantly expanded the available platforms for pNET investigations. Advancements in pNET research and understanding are expected to guide improved patient treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K. Maharjan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Po Hien Ear
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (P.H.E.); (C.G.T.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Catherine G. Tran
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (P.H.E.); (C.G.T.); (J.R.H.)
| | - James R. Howe
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (P.H.E.); (C.G.T.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Chandrikha Chandrasekharan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Dawn E. Quelle
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Luo W, Li J, Li Z, Lin T, Zhang L, Yang W, Mai Y, Liu R, Chen M, Dai C, Yang H, Lu J, Li H, Guan G, Huang M, Liu P, Li Z. HO-1 nuclear accumulation and interaction with NPM1 protect against stress-induced endothelial senescence independent of its enzymatic activity. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:738. [PMID: 34312365 PMCID: PMC8313700 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has attracted accumulating attention for its antioxidant enzymatic activity. However, the exact regulatory role of its non-enzymatic activity in the cardiovascular system remains unaddressed. Here, we show that HO-1 was accumulated in the nuclei of stress-induced senescent endothelial cells, and conferred protection against endothelial senescence independent of its enzymatic activity. Overexpression of ΔHO-1, a truncated HO-1 without transmembrane segment (TMS), inhibited H2O2-induced endothelial senescence. Overexpression of ΔHO-1H25A, the catalytically inactive form of ΔHO-1, also exhibited anti-senescent effect. In addition, infection of recombinant adenovirus encoding ΔHO-1 with three nuclear localization sequences (NLS), alleviated endothelial senescence induced by knockdown of endogenous HO-1 by CRISPR/Cas9. Moreover, repression of HO-1 nuclear translocation by silencing of signal peptide peptidase (SPP), which is responsible for enzymatic cleavage of the TMS of HO-1, exacerbated endothelial senescence. Mechanistically, nuclear HO-1 interacted with NPM1 N-terminal portion, prevented NPM1 translocation from nucleolus to nucleoplasm, thus disrupted NPM1/p53/MDM2 interactions and inhibited p53 activation by NPM1, finally resisted endothelial senescence. This study provides a novel understanding of HO-1 as a promising therapeutic strategy for vascular senescence-related cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqi Mai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- Department of Vascular and Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiting Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanwei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guimei Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wen J, Wang D. Deciphering the PTM codes of the tumor suppressor p53. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:774-785. [PMID: 34289043 PMCID: PMC8782589 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome guardian p53 functions as a transcription factor that senses numerous cellular stresses and orchestrates the corresponding transcriptional events involved in determining various cellular outcomes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, and metabolic regulation. In response to diverse stresses, p53 undergoes multiple posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that coordinate with intimate interdependencies to precisely modulate its diverse properties in given biological contexts. Notably, PTMs can recruit ‘reader’ proteins that exclusively recognize specific modifications and facilitate the functional readout of p53. Targeting PTM–reader interplay has been developing into a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the advances in deciphering the ‘PTM codes’ of p53, focusing particularly on the mechanisms by which the specific reader proteins functionally decipher the information harbored within these PTMs of p53. We also highlight the potential applications of intervention with p53 PTM–reader interactions in cancer therapy and discuss perspectives on the ‘PTMomic’ study of p53 and other proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Donglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Repenning A, Happel D, Bouchard C, Meixner M, Verel‐Yilmaz Y, Raifer H, Holembowski L, Krause E, Kremmer E, Feederle R, Keber CU, Lohoff M, Slater EP, Bartsch DK, Bauer U. PRMT1 promotes the tumor suppressor function of p14 ARF and is indicative for pancreatic cancer prognosis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106777. [PMID: 33999432 PMCID: PMC8246066 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The p14ARF protein is a well-known regulator of p53-dependent and p53-independent tumor-suppressive activities. In unstressed cells, p14ARF is predominantly sequestered in the nucleoli, bound to its nucleolar interaction partner NPM. Upon genotoxic stress, p14ARF undergoes an immediate redistribution to the nucleo- and cytoplasm, where it promotes activation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Here, we identify p14ARF as a novel interaction partner and substrate of PRMT1 (protein arginine methyltransferase 1). PRMT1 methylates several arginine residues in the C-terminal nuclear/nucleolar localization sequence (NLS/NoLS) of p14ARF . In the absence of cellular stress, these arginines are crucial for nucleolar localization of p14ARF . Genotoxic stress causes augmented interaction between PRMT1 and p14ARF , accompanied by arginine methylation of p14ARF . PRMT1-dependent NLS/NoLS methylation promotes the release of p14ARF from NPM and nucleolar sequestration, subsequently leading to p53-independent apoptosis. This PRMT1-p14ARF cooperation is cancer-relevant and indicative for PDAC (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) prognosis and chemotherapy response of pancreatic tumor cells. Our data reveal that PRMT1-mediated arginine methylation is an important trigger for p14ARF 's stress-induced tumor-suppressive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Repenning
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT)Philipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Daniela Happel
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT)Philipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Caroline Bouchard
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT)Philipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Marion Meixner
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT)Philipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Yesim Verel‐Yilmaz
- Department of VisceralThoracic and Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Hartmann Raifer
- Core Facility Flow CytometryUniversity Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
- Institute for Med. Microbiology & Hospital HygieneUniversity Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Lena Holembowski
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT)Philipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | | | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular ImmunologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core FacilityInstitute for Diabetes and ObesityHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
| | - Corinna U Keber
- Institute for PathologyUniversity Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Michael Lohoff
- Institute for Med. Microbiology & Hospital HygieneUniversity Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Emily P Slater
- Department of VisceralThoracic and Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- Department of VisceralThoracic and Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Uta‐Maria Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT)Philipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Di Micco R, Krizhanovsky V, Baker D, d'Adda di Fagagna F. Cellular senescence in ageing: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:75-95. [PMID: 33328614 PMCID: PMC8344376 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 857] [Impact Index Per Article: 285.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, first described in vitro in 1961, has become a focus for biotech companies that target it to ameliorate a variety of human conditions. Eminently characterized by a permanent proliferation arrest, cellular senescence occurs in response to endogenous and exogenous stresses, including telomere dysfunction, oncogene activation and persistent DNA damage. Cellular senescence can also be a controlled programme occurring in diverse biological processes, including embryonic development. Senescent cell extrinsic activities, broadly related to the activation of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, amplify the impact of cell-intrinsic proliferative arrest and contribute to impaired tissue regeneration, chronic age-associated diseases and organismal ageing. This Review discusses the mechanisms and modulators of cellular senescence establishment and induction of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and provides an overview of cellular senescence as an emerging opportunity to intervene through senolytic and senomorphic therapies in ageing and ageing-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Di Micco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Darren Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna
- IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hashimoto M, Goto A, Endo Y, Sugimoto M, Ueda J, Yamashita H. Effects of CREG1 on Age-Associated Metabolic Phenotypes and Renal Senescence in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031276. [PMID: 33525404 PMCID: PMC7866020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) is a secreted glycoprotein that accelerates p16-dependent cellular senescence in vitro. We recently reported the ability of CREG1 to stimulate brown adipogenesis using adipocyte P2-CREG1-transgenic (Tg) mice; however, little is known about the effect of CREG1 on aging-associated phenotypes. In this study, we investigated the effects of CREG1 on age-related obesity and renal dysfunction in Tg mice. Increased brown fat formation was detected in aged Tg mice, in which age-associated metabolic phenotypes such as body weight gain and increases in blood glucose were improved compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice. Blood CREG1 levels increased significantly in WT mice with age, whereas the age-related increase was suppressed, and its levels were reduced, in the livers and kidneys of Tg mice relative to those in WT mice at 25 months. Intriguingly, the mRNA levels of Ink4a, Arf, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related genes and p38MAPK activity were significantly lowered in the aged kidneys of Tg mice, in which the morphological abnormalities of glomeruli as well as filtering function seen in WT kidneys were alleviated. These results suggest the involvement of CREG1 in kidney aging and its potential as a target for improving age-related renal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Hashimoto
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (A.G.); (Y.E.)
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (A.G.); (Y.E.)
| | - Masataka Sugimoto
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Jun Ueda
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (A.G.); (Y.E.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (H.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang W, Li L, Cai L, Liang Y, Xu J, Liu Y, Zhou L, Ding C, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Qin J, Shao Z, Wei W, Jia L. Tumor-associated antigen Prame targets tumor suppressor p14/ARF for degradation as the receptor protein of CRL2 Prame complex. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1926-1940. [PMID: 33504946 PMCID: PMC8184998 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (Prame), a tumor-associated antigen, has been found to frequently overexpress in various cancers, which indicates advanced cancer stages and poor clinical prognosis. Moreover, previous reports noted that Prame functions as a substrate recognizing receptor protein of Cullin RING E3 ligases (CRLs) to mediate potential substrates degradation through Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS). However, none of the Prame specific substrate has been identified so far. In this study, proteomic analysis of RBX1-interacting proteins revealed p14/ARF, a well-known tumor suppressor, as a novel ubiquitin target of RBX1. Subsequently, immunoprecipitation and in vivo ubiquitination assay determined Cullin2-RBX1-Transcription Elongation Factor B Subunit 2 (EloB) assembled CRL2 E3 ligase complex to regulate the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of p14/ARF. Finally, through siRNA screening, Prame was identified as the specific receptor protein responsible for recognizing p14/ARF to be degraded. Additionally, via bioinformatics analysis of TCGA database and clinical samples, Prame was determined to overexpress in tumor tissues vs. paired adjacent tissues and associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients. As such, downregulation of Prame expression significantly restrained cancer cell growth by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, which could be rescued by simultaneously knocking down of p14/ARF. Altogether, targeting overexpressed Prame in cancer cells inactivated RBX1-Cullin2-EloB-Prame E3 ligase (CRL2Prame) and halted p14/ARF degradation to restrain tumor growth by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lihui Li
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Cai
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yupei Liang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junfeng Xu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000402, China
| | - Lisha Zhou
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China.,National Center for Protein Sciences, The PHOENIX Center, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000402, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000402, China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China.,National Center for Protein Sciences, The PHOENIX Center, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhimin Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Non-Canonical Functions of the ARF Tumor Suppressor in Development and Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010086. [PMID: 33445626 PMCID: PMC7827855 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P14ARF (ARF; Alternative Reading Frame) is an extensively characterized tumor suppressor which, in response to oncogenic stimuli, mediates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via p53-dependent and independent routes. ARF has been shown to be frequently lost through CpG island promoter methylation in a wide spectrum of human malignancies, such as colorectal, prostate, breast, and gastric cancers, while point mutations and deletions in the p14ARF locus have been linked with various forms of melanomas and glioblastomas. Although ARF has been mostly studied in the context of tumorigenesis, it has been also implicated in purely developmental processes, such as spermatogenesis, and mammary gland and ocular development, while it has been additionally involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Moreover, ARF has been found to hold important roles in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. As is often the case with tumor suppressors, ARF functions as a pleiotropic protein regulating a number of different mechanisms at the crossroad of development and tumorigenesis. Here, we provide an overview of the non-canonical functions of ARF in cancer and developmental biology, by dissecting the crosstalk of ARF signaling with key oncogenic and developmental pathways.
Collapse
|
38
|
Vashi R, Patel BM. Roles of ARF tumour suppressor protein in lung cancer: time to hit the nail on the head! Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1365-1375. [PMID: 33392921 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its poor prognosis, the World Health Organization (WHO) lists lung cancer on top of the list when it comes to growing mortality rates and incidence. Usually, there are two types of lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which also includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinomas. ARF, also known in humans as p14ARF and in the mouse as p19ARF, is a nucleolar protein and a member of INK4, a family of cyclin-independent kinase inhibitors (CKI). These genes are clustered on chromosome number 9p21 within the locus of CDKN2A. NSCLC has reported the role of p14ARF as a potential target. p14ARF has a basic mechanism to inhibit mouse double minute 2 protein that exhibits inhibitory action on p53, a phosphoprotein tumour suppressor, thus playing a role in various tumour-related activities such as growth inhibition, DNA damage, autophagy, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and others. Extensive cancer research is ongoing and updated reports regarding the role of ARF in lung cancer are available. This article summarizes the available lung cancer ARF data, its molecular mechanisms and its associated signalling pathways. Attempts have been made to show how p14ARF functions in different types of lung cancer providing a thought to look upon ARF as a new target for treating the debilitating condition of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruju Vashi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fan Y, Cheng J, Zeng H, Shao L. Senescent Cell Depletion Through Targeting BCL-Family Proteins and Mitochondria. Front Physiol 2020; 11:593630. [PMID: 33335487 PMCID: PMC7736607 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.593630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells with replicative arrest can be generated during genotoxic, oxidative, and oncogenic stress. Long-term retention of senescent cells in the body, which is attributed to highly expressed BCL-family proteins, chronically damages tissues mainly through a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). It has been documented that accumulation of senescent cells contributes to chronic diseases and aging-related diseases. Despite the fact that no unique marker is available to identify senescent cells, increased p16INK4a expression has long been used as an in vitro and in vivo marker of senescent cells. We reviewed five existing p16INK4a reporter mouse models to detect, isolate, and deplete senescent cells. Senescent cells express high levels of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic genes compared to normal cells. Thus, disrupting the balance between anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic gene expression, such as ABT-263 and ABT-737, can activate the apoptotic signaling pathway and remove senescent cells. Mitochondrial abnormalities in senescent cells were also discussed, for example mitochondrial DNA mutation accumulation, dysfunctional mitophagy, and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR). The mitochondrial-targeted tamoxifen, MitoTam, can efficiently remove senescent cells due to its inhibition of respiratory complex I and low expression of adenine nucleotide translocase-2 (ANT2) in senescent cells. Therefore, senescent cells can be removed by various strategies, which delays chronic and aging-related diseases and enhances lifespan and healthy conditions in the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaoqi Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huihong Zeng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijian Shao
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mühleder S, Fernández-Chacón M, Garcia-Gonzalez I, Benedito R. Endothelial sprouting, proliferation, or senescence: tipping the balance from physiology to pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1329-1354. [PMID: 33078209 PMCID: PMC7904752 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic modulation of vascular cell proliferation and migration is essential for the effective inhibition of angiogenesis in cancer or its induction in cardiovascular disease. The general view is that an increase in vascular growth factor levels or mitogenic stimulation is beneficial for angiogenesis, since it leads to an increase in both endothelial proliferation and sprouting. However, several recent studies showed that an increase in mitogenic stimuli can also lead to the arrest of angiogenesis. This is due to the existence of intrinsic signaling feedback loops and cell cycle checkpoints that work in synchrony to maintain a balance between endothelial proliferation and sprouting. This balance is tightly and effectively regulated during tissue growth and is often deregulated or impaired in disease. Most therapeutic strategies used so far to promote vascular growth simply increase mitogenic stimuli, without taking into account its deleterious effects on this balance and on vascular cells. Here, we review the main findings on the mechanisms controlling physiological vascular sprouting, proliferation, and senescence and how those mechanisms are often deregulated in acquired or congenital cardiovascular disease leading to a diverse range of pathologies. We also discuss alternative approaches to increase the effectiveness of pro-angiogenic therapies in cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Severin Mühleder
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Fernández-Chacón
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Garcia-Gonzalez
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MDM2 is a novel interactor of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15850. [PMID: 32985545 PMCID: PMC7522254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) tumor suppressor are causative of a familiar predisposition to develop different types of cancer. pVHL is mainly known for its role in regulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α) degradation, thus modulating the hypoxia response. There are different pVHL isoforms, including pVHL30 and pVHL19. However, little is known about isoform-specific functions and protein-protein interactions. Integrating in silico predictions with in vitro and in vivo assays, we describe a novel interaction between pVHL and mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2). We found that pVHL30, and not pVHL19, forms a complex with MDM2, and that the N-terminal acidic tail of pVHL30 is required for its association with MDM2. Further, we demonstrate that an intrinsically disordered region upstream of the tetramerization domain of MDM2 is responsible for its isoform-specific association with pVHL30. This region is highly conserved in higher mammals, including primates, similarly to what has been already shown for the N-terminal tail of pVHL30. Finally, we show that overexpression of pVHL30 and MDM2 together reduces cell metabolic activity and necrosis, suggesting a synergistic effect of these E3 ubiquitin ligases. Collectively, our data show an isoform-specific interaction of pVHL with MDM2, suggesting an interplay between these two E3 ubiquitin ligases.
Collapse
|
42
|
DNA Methylation in Pulmonary Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1255:51-62. [PMID: 32949389 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4494-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylations, including global methylation pattern and specific gene methylation, are associated with pathogenesis and progress of pulmonary fibrosis. This chapter illustrates alteration of DNA methylation in pulmonary fibrosis as a predictive or prognostic factor. Treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitors will be an emerging anti-fibrosis therapy, although we are still in the pre-clinical stage of using epigenetic markers as potential targets for biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
43
|
Cakiroglu E, Senturk S. Genomics and Functional Genomics of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176342. [PMID: 32882916 PMCID: PMC7504302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive cancer of the mesothelial cells lining the pleural surface of the chest wall and lung. The etiology of MPM is strongly associated with prior exposure to asbestos fibers, and the median survival rate of the diagnosed patients is approximately one year. Despite the latest advancements in surgical techniques and systemic therapies, currently available treatment modalities of MPM fail to provide long-term survival. The increasing incidence of MPM highlights the need for finding effective treatments. Targeted therapies offer personalized treatments in many cancers. However, targeted therapy in MPM is not recommended by clinical guidelines mainly because of poor target definition. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms and the predictors of poor clinical outcomes of MPM is required to identify novel targets and develop precise and effective treatments. Recent advances in the genomics and functional genomics fields have provided groundbreaking insights into the genomic and molecular profiles of MPM and enabled the functional characterization of the genetic alterations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant literature and highlights the potential of state-of-the-art genomics and functional genomics research to facilitate the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutic modalities in MPM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Cakiroglu
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey;
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Serif Senturk
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey;
- Department of Genome Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pietropaolo V, Prezioso C, Moens U. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus and Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1774. [PMID: 32635198 PMCID: PMC7407210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the cause of approximately 15% of all human cancers. Both RNA and DNA human tumor viruses have been identified, with Merkel cell polyomavirus being the most recent one to be linked to cancer. This virus is associated with about 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas, a rare, but aggressive cutaneous malignancy. Despite its name, the cells of origin of this tumor may not be Merkel cells. This review provides an update on the structure and life cycle, cell tropism and epidemiology of the virus and its oncogenic properties. Putative strategies to prevent viral infection or treat virus-positive Merkel cell carcinoma patients are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (C.P.)
- IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Melanoma stem cell maintenance and chemo-resistance are mediated by CD133 signal to PI3K-dependent pathways. Oncogene 2020; 39:5468-5478. [PMID: 32616888 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by their unique cell surface proteins and aberrant signaling pathways. These stemness properties are either in a causal or consequential relationship to melanoma progression, treatment resistance and recurrence. The functional analysis of CD133+ and CD133- cells in vitro and in vivo revealed that melanoma progression and treatment resistance are the consequences of CD133 signal to PI3K pathway. CD133 signal to PI3K pathway drives two downstream pathways, the PI3K/Akt/MDM2 and the PI3K/Akt/MKP-1 pathways. Activation of PI3K/Akt/MDM2 pathway results in the destabilization of p53 protein, while the activation of PI3K/Akt/MKP-1 pathway results in the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) JNK and p38. Activation of both pathways leads to the inhibition of fotemustine-induced apoptosis. Thus, the disruption of CD133 signal to PI3K pathway is essential to overcome Melanoma resistance to fotemustine. The pre-clinical verification of in vitro data using xenograft mouse model of MSCs confirmed the clinical relevance of CD133 signal as a therapeutic target for melanoma treatment. In conclusion, our study provides an insight into the mechanisms regulating MSCs growth and chemo-resistance and suggested a clinically relevant approach for melanoma treatment.
Collapse
|
46
|
Strauss RP, Audsley KM, Passman AM, van Vuuren JH, Finch-Edmondson ML, Callus BA, Yeoh GC. Loss of ARF/INK4A Promotes Liver Progenitor Cell Transformation Toward Tumorigenicity Supporting Their Role in Hepatocarcinogenesis. Gene Expr 2020; 20:39-52. [PMID: 32317048 PMCID: PMC7284103 DOI: 10.3727/105221620x15874935364268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) contribute to liver regeneration during chronic damage and are implicated as cells of origin for liver cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The CDKN2A locus, which encodes the tumor suppressors alternate reading frame protein (ARF) and INK4A, was identified as one of the most frequently altered genes in HCC. This study demonstrates that inactivation of CDKN2A enhances tumorigenic transformation of LPCs. The level of ARF and INK4A expression was determined in a panel of transformed and nontransformed wild-type LPC lines. Moreover, the transforming potential of LPCs with inactivated CDKN2A was shown to be enhanced in LPCs derived from Arf-/- and CDKN2Afl/fl mice and in wild-type LPCs following CRISPR-Cas9 suppression of CDKN2A. ARF and INK4A abundance is consistently reduced or ablated following LPC transformation. Arf-/- and CDKN2A-/- LPCs displayed hallmarks of transformation such as anchorage-independent and more rapid growth than control LPC lines with unaltered CDKN2A. Transformation was not immediate, suggesting that the loss of CDKN2A alone is insufficient. Further analysis revealed decreased p21 expression as well as reduced epithelial markers and increased mesenchymal markers, indicative of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, following inactivation of the CDKN2A gene were required for tumorigenic transformation. Loss of ARF and INK4A enhances the propensity of LPCs to undergo a tumorigenic transformation. As LPCs represent a cancer stem cell candidate, identifying CDKN2A as a driver of LPC transformation highlights ARF and INK4A as viable prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn P. Strauss
- *School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- †Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Katherine M. Audsley
- *School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Adam M. Passman
- *School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- †Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Joanne H. van Vuuren
- †Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Bernard A. Callus
- *School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - George C. Yeoh
- *School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- †Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen L, Liu S, Tao Y. Regulating tumor suppressor genes: post-translational modifications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:90. [PMID: 32532965 PMCID: PMC7293209 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes cooperate with each other in tumors. Three important tumor suppressor proteins, retinoblastoma (Rb), p53, phosphatase, and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) are functionally associated and they regulated by post-translational modification (PTMs) as well. PTMs include phosphorylation, SUMOylation, acetylation, and other novel modifications becoming growing appreciated. Because most of PTMs are reversible, normal cells use them as a switch to control the state of cells being the resting or proliferating, and PTMs also involve in cell survival and cell cycle, which may lead to abnormal proliferation and tumorigenesis. Although a lot of studies focus on the importance of each kind of PTM, further discoveries shows that tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) form a complex "network" by the interaction of modification. Recently, there are several promising strategies for TSGs for they change more frequently than carcinogenic genes in cancers. We here review the necessity, characteristics, and mechanisms of each kind of post-translational modification on Rb, p53, PTEN, and its influence on the precise and selective function. We also discuss the current antitumoral therapies of Rb, p53 and PTEN as predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic target in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Molecular mechanisms and systemic targeting of NRF2 dysregulation in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:114002. [PMID: 32360363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of redox homeostasis and provides cellular protection against oxidants and electrophiles by inducing the expression of a wide array of phase II cytoprotective genes. Until now, a number of NRF2 activators have been developed for treatment of chronic diseases and some are under evaluation in the clinical studies. On the other hand, accumulating evidence indicates that NRF2 confers chemoresistance and radioresistance, and its expression is correlated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Studies in the last decade demonstrate that diverse mechanisms such as somatic mutations, accumulation of KEAP1 binding proteins, transcriptional dysregulation, oncogene activation, and accumulation of reactive metabolites contribute to NRF2 activation in cancer. In the present review, we illustrate the molecular mechanisms governing the function of NRF2 and explain how they are hijacked in cancer. We also provide some examples of NRF2 inhibitors together with a brief explanation of their mechanisms of action.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kohlmeyer JL, Gordon DJ, Tanas MR, Monga V, Dodd RD, Quelle DE. CDKs in Sarcoma: Mediators of Disease and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3018. [PMID: 32344731 PMCID: PMC7215455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas represent one of the most challenging tumor types to treat due to their diverse nature and our incomplete understanding of their underlying biology. Recent work suggests cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathway activation is a powerful driver of sarcomagenesis. CDK proteins participate in numerous cellular processes required for normal cell function, but their dysregulation is a hallmark of many pathologies including cancer. The contributions and significance of aberrant CDK activity to sarcoma development, however, is only partly understood. Here, we describe what is known about CDK-related alterations in the most common subtypes of sarcoma and highlight areas that warrant further investigation. As disruptions in CDK pathways appear in most, if not all, subtypes of sarcoma, we discuss the history and value of pharmacologically targeting CDKs to combat these tumors. The goals of this review are to (1) assess the prevalence and importance of CDK pathway alterations in sarcomas, (2) highlight the gap in knowledge for certain CDKs in these tumors, and (3) provide insight into studies focused on CDK inhibition for sarcoma treatment. Overall, growing evidence demonstrates a crucial role for activated CDKs in sarcoma development and as important targets for sarcoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Kohlmeyer
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 2-570 Bowen Science Bldg., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David J Gordon
- The Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Munir R Tanas
- The Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Varun Monga
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (V.M.); (R.D.D.)
| | - Rebecca D Dodd
- The Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (V.M.); (R.D.D.)
| | - Dawn E Quelle
- Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- The Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 2-570 Bowen Science Bldg., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- The Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Siddiqui S, Libertini SJ, Lucas CA, Lombard AP, Baek HB, Nakagawa RM, Nishida KS, Steele TM, Melgoza FU, Borowsky AD, Durbin-Johnson BP, Qi L, Ghosh PM, Mudryj M. The p14ARF tumor suppressor restrains androgen receptor activity and prevents apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 483:12-21. [PMID: 32330514 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by a unique dependence on optimal androgen receptor (AR) activity where physiological androgen concentrations induce proliferation but castrate and supraphysiological levels suppress growth. This feature has been exploited in bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) for castrate resistant malignancies. Here, we investigated the role of the tumor suppressor protein p14ARF in maintaining optimal AR activity and the function of the AR itself in regulating p14ARF levels. We used a tumor tissue array of differing stages and grades to define the relationships between these components and identified a strong positive correlation between p14ARF and AR expression. Mechanistic studies utilizing CWR22 xenograft and cell culture models revealed that a decrease in AR reduced p14ARF expression and deregulated E2F factors, which are linked to p14ARF and AR regulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies identified AR binding sites upstream of p14ARF. p14ARF depletion enhanced AR-dependent PSA and TMPRSS2 transcription, hence p14ARF constrains AR activity. However, p14ARF depletion ultimately results in apoptosis. In PCa cells, AR co-ops p14ARF as part of a feedback mechanism to ensure optimal AR activity for maximal prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Siddiqui
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Libertini
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, USA
| | - Christopher A Lucas
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, USA
| | - Alan P Lombard
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, USA
| | - Han Bit Baek
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas M Steele
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Urologic Surgery, USA
| | - Frank U Melgoza
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | | | | | - LiHong Qi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, California, USA
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Urologic Surgery, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, USA.
| |
Collapse
|