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Zamora I, Gutiérrez M, Pascual A, Pajares MJ, Barajas M, Perez LM, You S, Knudsen BS, Freeman MR, Encío IJ, Rotinen M. ONECUT2 is a druggable driver of luminal to basal breast cancer plasticity. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00957-3. [PMID: 38819630 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor heterogeneity complicates patient treatment and can be due to transitioning of cancer cells across phenotypic cell states. This process is associated with the acquisition of independence from an oncogenic driver, such as the estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cancer (BC), resulting in tumor progression, therapeutic failure and metastatic spread. The transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2) has been shown to be a master regulator protein of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) tumors that promotes lineage plasticity to a drug-resistant neuroendocrine (NEPC) phenotype. Here, we investigate the role of OC2 in the dynamic conversion between different molecular subtypes in BC. METHODS We analyze OC2 expression and clinical significance in BC using public databases and immunohistochemical staining. In vitro, we perform RNA-Seq, RT-qPCR and western-blot after OC2 enforced expression. We also assess cellular effects of OC2 silencing and inhibition with a drug-like small molecule in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS OC2 is highly expressed in a substantial subset of hormone receptor negative human BC tumors and tamoxifen-resistant models, and is associated with poor clinical outcome, lymph node metastasis and heightened clinical stage. OC2 inhibits ER expression and activity, suppresses a gene expression program associated with luminal differentiation and activates a basal-like state at the gene expression level. We also show that OC2 is required for cell growth and survival in metastatic BC models and that it can be targeted with a small molecule inhibitor providing a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with OC2 active tumors. CONCLUSIONS The transcription factor OC2 is a driver of BC heterogeneity and a potential drug target in distinct cell states within the breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Zamora
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - Mirian Gutiérrez
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - Alex Pascual
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - María J Pajares
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - Miguel Barajas
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - Lillian M Perez
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ignacio J Encío
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - Mirja Rotinen
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain.
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Rizaner N, Fraser SP, Gul IB, Purut E, Djamgoz MBA, Altun S. Lidocaine Inhibits Rat Prostate Cancer Cell Invasiveness and Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Expression in Plasma Membrane. J Membr Biol 2024; 257:17-24. [PMID: 38165418 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-023-00302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence, mostly from breast cancer, that use of local anaesthetics during surgery can inhibit disease recurrence by suppressing the motility of the cancer cells dependent on inherent voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). Here, the possibility that lidocaine could affect cellular behaviours associated with metastasis was tested using the Dunning cell model of rat prostate cancer. Mostly, the strongly metastatic (VGSC-expressing) Mat-LyLu cells were used under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The weakly metastatic AT-2 cells served for comparison in some experiments. Lidocaine (1-500 μM) had no effect on cell viability or growth but suppressed Matrigel invasion dose dependently in both normoxia and hypoxia. Used as a control, tetrodotoxin produced similar effects. Exposure to hypoxia increased Nav1.7 mRNA expression but VGSCα protein level in plasma membrane was reduced. Lidocaine under both normoxia and hypoxia had no effect on Nav1.7 mRNA expression. VGSCα protein expression was suppressed by lidocaine under normoxia but no effect was seen in hypoxia. It is concluded that lidocaine can suppress prostate cancer invasiveness without effecting cellular growth or viability. Extended to the clinic, the results would suggest that use of lidocaine, and possibly other local anaesthetics, during surgery can suppress any tendency for post-operative progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahit Rizaner
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Mersin 10, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Scott P Fraser
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ilknur Bugan Gul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, 34134, Turkey
| | - Esma Purut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, 34134, Turkey
| | - Mustafa B A Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Mersin 10, North Cyprus, Turkey.
| | - Seyhan Altun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, 34134, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, 34158, Turkey
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3
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Gharavi E, LeRoy NJ, Zheng G, Zhang A, Brown DE, Sheffield NC. Joint Representation Learning for Retrieval and Annotation of Genomic Interval Sets. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:263. [PMID: 38534537 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As available genomic interval data increase in scale, we require fast systems to search them. A common approach is simple string matching to compare a search term to metadata, but this is limited by incomplete or inaccurate annotations. An alternative is to compare data directly through genomic region overlap analysis, but this approach leads to challenges like sparsity, high dimensionality, and computational expense. We require novel methods to quickly and flexibly query large, messy genomic interval databases. Here, we develop a genomic interval search system using representation learning. We train numerical embeddings for a collection of region sets simultaneously with their metadata labels, capturing similarity between region sets and their metadata in a low-dimensional space. Using these learned co-embeddings, we develop a system that solves three related information retrieval tasks using embedding distance computations: retrieving region sets related to a user query string, suggesting new labels for database region sets, and retrieving database region sets similar to a query region set. We evaluate these use cases and show that jointly learned representations of region sets and metadata are a promising approach for fast, flexible, and accurate genomic region information retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfaneh Gharavi
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Nathan J LeRoy
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Guangtao Zheng
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Aidong Zhang
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Donald E Brown
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nathan C Sheffield
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Child Health Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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4
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Zhou L, Lu Y, Liu W, Wang S, Wang L, Zheng P, Zi G, Liu H, Liu W, Wei S. Drug conjugates for the treatment of lung cancer: from drug discovery to clinical practice. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:26. [PMID: 38429828 PMCID: PMC10908151 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A drug conjugate consists of a cytotoxic drug bound via a linker to a targeted ligand, allowing the targeted delivery of the drug to one or more tumor sites. This approach simultaneously reduces drug toxicity and increases efficacy, with a powerful combination of efficient killing and precise targeting. Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) are the best-known type of drug conjugate, combining the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce adverse reactions by preferentially targeting the payload to the tumor. The structure of ADCs has also provided inspiration for the development of additional drug conjugates. In recent years, drug conjugates such as ADCs, peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) and radionuclide drug conjugates (RDCs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The scope and application of drug conjugates have been expanding, including combination therapy and precise drug delivery, and a variety of new conjugation technology concepts have emerged. Additionally, new conjugation technology-based drugs have been developed in industry. In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, drug conjugate therapy has undergone continuous development and made significant progress in treating lung cancer in recent years, offering a promising strategy for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of drug conjugates for lung cancer treatment, including structure-based drug design, mechanisms of action, clinical trials, and side effects. Furthermore, challenges, potential approaches and future prospects are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanglong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengdou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guisha Zi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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5
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Boshta NM, Temirak A, El-Shahid ZA, Shafiq Z, Soliman AAF. Design, synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of 1,3,5-trisubstituted-1H-pyrazole derivatives as anticancer agents with cell cycle arrest, ERK and RIPK3- kinase activities. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107058. [PMID: 38159496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The need for new ERK and RIPK3 kinase modulators arises from their central roles in cellular processes, especially in diseases like cancer. This research focused on a ligand-based strategy, incorporating previously documented 1,3,5-trisubstituted-1H-pyrazole derivatives, to craft innovative inhibitors specifically targeting ERK and RIPK3 kinases. Compounds 6, 7, 10a, 10c, and 10d exhibited significant cytotoxicity against PC-3 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 21.9 to 28.6 µM and 3.90-35.5 µM, respectively values surpassing those of the reference compound Doxorubicin. Additionally, cell cycle analysis revealed intriguing results, particularly with 10d inducing cell cycle arrest at the S phase in treated PC-3 cells, indicating potential DNA replication phase inhibition. Moreover, compounds 6, 10a, and 10d exhibited promising results in the in vitro kinase assay supported by molecular docking studies. The core scaffold of these compounds established interactions with vital amino acids within the active pockets of ERK and RIPK3 kinases, thereby securely anchoring them in place. These findings underscore the development of promising modulators for ERK and RIPK3 kinases, suggesting their potential for future contributions to cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader M Boshta
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam 32511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Temirak
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Zeinab A El-Shahid
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed A F Soliman
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt
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6
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Wei Q, Li P, Yang T, Zhu J, Sun L, Zhang Z, Wang L, Tian X, Chen J, Hu C, Xue J, Ma L, Shimura T, Fang J, Ying J, Guo P, Cheng X. The promise and challenges of combination therapies with antibody-drug conjugates in solid tumors. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:1. [PMID: 38178200 PMCID: PMC10768262 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent an important class of cancer therapies that have revolutionized the treatment paradigm of solid tumors. To date, many ongoing studies of ADC combinations with a variety of anticancer drugs, encompassing chemotherapy, molecularly targeted agents, and immunotherapy, are being rigorously conducted in both preclinical studies and clinical trial settings. Nevertheless, combination therapy does not always guarantee a synergistic or additive effect and may entail overlapping toxicity risks. Therefore, understanding the current status and underlying mechanisms of ADC combination therapy is urgently required. This comprehensive review analyzes existing evidence concerning the additive or synergistic effect of ADCs with other classes of oncology medicines. Here, we discuss the biological mechanisms of different ADC combination therapy strategies, provide prominent examples, and assess their benefits and challenges. Finally, we discuss future opportunities for ADC combination therapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peijing Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Teng Yang
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study (HIAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Hu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junli Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Letao Ma
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Takaya Shimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jianmin Fang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieer Ying
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
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7
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Lautert-Dutra W, Melo CM, Chaves LP, Souza FC, Crozier C, Sundby AE, Woroszchuk E, Saggioro FP, Avante FS, dos Reis RB, Squire JA, Bayani J. Identification of tumor-agnostic biomarkers for predicting prostate cancer progression and biochemical recurrence. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1280943. [PMID: 37965470 PMCID: PMC10641020 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1280943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse clinical outcomes of prostate cancer have led to the development of gene signature assays predicting disease progression. Improved prostate cancer progression biomarkers are needed as current RNA biomarker tests have varying success for intermediate prostate cancer. Interest grows in universal gene signatures for invasive carcinoma progression. Early breast and prostate cancers share characteristics, including hormone dependence and BRCA1/2 mutations. Given the similarities in the pathobiology of breast and prostate cancer, we utilized the NanoString BC360 panel, comprising the validated PAM50 classifier and pathway-specific signatures associated with general tumor progression as well as breast cancer-specific classifiers. This retrospective cohort of primary prostate cancers (n=53) was stratified according to biochemical recurrence (BCR) status and the CAPRA-S to identify genes related to high-risk disease. Two public cohort (TCGA-PRAD and GSE54460) were used to validate the results. Expression profiling of our cohort uncovered associations between PIP and INHBA with BCR and high CAPRA-S score, as well as associations between VCAN, SFRP2, and THBS4 and BCR. Despite low levels of the ESR1 gene compared to AR, we found strong expression of the ER signaling signature, suggesting that BCR may be driven by ER-mediated pathways. Kaplan-Meier and univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated the expression of ESR1, PGR, VCAN, and SFRP2 could predict the occurrence of relapse events. This is in keeping with the pathways represented by these genes which contribute to angiogenesis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It is likely that VCAN works by activating the stroma and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, SFRP2 overexpression has been associated with increased tumor size and reduced survival rates in breast cancer and among prostate cancer patients who experienced BCR. ESR1 influences disease progression by activating stroma, stimulating stem/progenitor prostate cancer, and inducing TGF-β. Estrogen signaling may therefore serve as a surrogate to AR signaling during progression and in hormone-refractory disease, particularly in prostate cancer patients with stromal-rich tumors. Collectively, the use of agnostic biomarkers developed for breast cancer stratification has facilitated a precise clinical classification of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting estrogen signaling in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lautert-Dutra
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila M. Melo
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz P. Chaves
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco C. Souza
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Cheryl Crozier
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam E. Sundby
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Woroszchuk
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fabiano P. Saggioro
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Filipe S. Avante
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo B. dos Reis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jeremy A. Squire
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jane Bayani
- Diagnostic Development, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Salem O, Jia S, Qian BZ, Hansen CG. AR activates YAP/TAZ differentially in prostate cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201620. [PMID: 37385752 PMCID: PMC10310930 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signalling pathway is a master regulator of cell growth, proliferation, and cancer. The transcriptional coregulators of the Hippo pathway, YAP and TAZ, are central in various cancers. However, how YAP and TAZ get activated in most types of cancers is not well understood. Here, we show that androgens activate YAP/TAZ via the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer (PCa), and that this activation is differential. AR regulates YAP translation while inducing transcription of the TAZ encoding gene, WWTR1 Furthermore, we show that AR-mediated YAP/TAZ activation is regulated by the RhoA GTPases transcriptional mediator, serum response factor (SRF). Importantly, in prostate cancer patients, SRF expression positively correlates with TAZ and the YAP/TAZ target genes CYR61 and CTGF We demonstrate that YAP/TAZ are not essential for sustaining AR activity, however, targeting YAP/TAZ or SRF sensitize PCa cells to AR inhibition in anchorage-independent growth conditions. Our findings dissect the cellular roles of YAP, TAZ, and SRF in prostate cancer cells. Our data emphasize the interplay between these transcriptional regulators and their roles in prostate tumorigenesis and highlight how these insights might be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Salem
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siyang Jia
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carsten Gram Hansen
- The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
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9
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Cathey AL, Nguyen VK, Colacino JA, Woodruff TJ, Reynolds P, Aung MT. Exploratory profiles of phenols, parabens, and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances among NHANES study participants in association with previous cancer diagnoses. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:687-698. [PMID: 37718377 PMCID: PMC10541322 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some hormonally active cancers have low survival rates, but a large proportion of their incidence remains unexplained. Endocrine disrupting chemicals may affect hormone pathways in the pathology of these cancers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate cross-sectional associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phenols, and parabens and self-reported previous cancer diagnoses in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS We extracted concentrations of 7 PFAS and 12 phenols/parabens and self-reported diagnoses of melanoma and cancers of the thyroid, breast, ovary, uterus, and prostate in men and women (≥20 years). Associations between previous cancer diagnoses and an interquartile range increase in exposure biomarkers were evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted for key covariates. We conceptualized race as social construct proxy of structural social factors and examined associations in non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American, and other Hispanic participants separately compared to White participants. RESULTS Previous melanoma in women was associated with higher PFDE (OR:2.07, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.43), PFNA (OR:1.72, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.73), PFUA (OR:1.76, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.89), BP3 (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.96), DCP25 (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.22, 4.76), and DCP24 (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.26). Previous ovarian cancer was associated with higher DCP25 (OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.08, 7.27), BPA (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.35) and BP3 (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.09). Previous uterine cancer was associated with increased PFNA (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.34), while higher ethyl paraben was inversely associated (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.85). Various PFAS were associated with previous ovarian and uterine cancers in White women, while MPAH or BPF was associated with previous breast cancer among non-White women. IMPACT STATEMENT Biomarkers across all exposure categories (phenols, parabens, and per- and poly- fluoroalkyl substances) were cross-sectionally associated with increased odds of previous melanoma diagnoses in women, and increased odds of previous ovarian cancer was associated with several phenols and parabens. Some associations differed by racial group, which is particularly impactful given the established racial disparities in distributions of exposure to these chemicals. This is the first epidemiological study to investigate exposure to phenols in relation to previous cancer diagnoses, and the first NHANES study to explore racial/ethnic disparities in associations between environmental phenol, paraben, and PFAS exposures and historical cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vy K Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peggy Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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10
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Wesolowski L, Ge J, Castillon L, Sesia D, Dyas A, Hirosue S, Caraffini V, Warren AY, Rodrigues P, Ciriello G, Patel SA, Vanharanta S. The SWI/SNF complex member SMARCB1 supports lineage fidelity in kidney cancer. iScience 2023; 26:107360. [PMID: 37554444 PMCID: PMC10405256 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lineage switching can induce therapy resistance in cancer. Yet, how lineage fidelity is maintained and how it can be lost remain poorly understood. Here, we have used CRISPR-Cas9-based genetic screening to demonstrate that loss of SMARCB1, a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, can confer an advantage to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells upon inhibition of the renal lineage factor PAX8. Lineage factor inhibition-resistant ccRCC cells formed tumors with morphological features, but not molecular markers, of neuroendocrine differentiation. SMARCB1 inactivation led to large-scale loss of kidney-specific epigenetic programs and restoration of proliferative capacity through the adoption of new dependencies on factors that represent rare essential genes across different cancers. We further developed an analytical approach to systematically characterize lineage fidelity using large-scale CRISPR-Cas9 data. An understanding of the rules that govern lineage switching could aid the development of more durable lineage factor-targeted and other cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Wesolowski
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Jianfeng Ge
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Leticia Castillon
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Debora Sesia
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dyas
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
- Early Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Shoko Hirosue
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Veronica Caraffini
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Anne Y. Warren
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paulo Rodrigues
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Saroor A. Patel
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Sakari Vanharanta
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 197, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Tarantino P, Ricciuti B, Pradhan SM, Tolaney SM. Optimizing the safety of antibody-drug conjugates for patients with solid tumours. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023:10.1038/s41571-023-00783-w. [PMID: 37296177 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 5 years, improvements in the design of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have enabled major advances that have reshaped the treatment of several advanced-stage solid tumours. Considering the intended rationale behind the design of ADCs, which is to achieve targeted delivery of cytotoxic molecules by linking them to antibodies targeting tumour-specific antigens, ADCs would be expected to be less toxic than conventional chemotherapy. However, most ADCs are still burdened by off-target toxicities that resemble those of the cytotoxic payload as well as on-target toxicities and other poorly understood and potentially life-threatening adverse effects. Given the rapid expansion in the clinical indications of ADCs, including use in curative settings and various combinations, extensive efforts are ongoing to improve their safety. Approaches currently being pursued include clinical trials optimizing the dose and treatment schedule, modifications of each ADC component, identification of predictive biomarkers for toxicities, and the development of innovative diagnostic tools. In this Review, we describe the determinants of the toxicities of ADCs in patients with solid tumours, highlighting key strategies that are expected to improve tolerability and enable improvements in the treatment outcomes of patients with advanced-stage and those with early stage cancers in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tarantino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Biagio Ricciuti
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shan M Pradhan
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sara M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Yang Y, Gu J, Liu Z, Wang C. The structural basis of conserved residue variant effect on enzyme activity of UGT2B15. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2023; 1871:140888. [PMID: 36610584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 (UGT2B15) is a crucial phase II drug-metabolizing enzyme, which glucuronidates various compounds, including clinical drugs and hormones. Mutants might affect glucuronidation, leading to a disruption of drug metabolism in vivo and decrease of therapeutic effect. Here, we mainly analyzed two representative mutants, H401P and L446S, on UGT2B15 activity using glucuronidation assays, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and X-ray diffraction methods. The enzyme activity of L446S obviously increased six-fold than the wild type, although the enzyme activities of P191L, T374A, and H401P were lost apparently. Furthermore, we used MD simulations to calculate the energy change in the catalytic process of H401P and L446S, and the results indicated the free binding energies of H401P mutant to oxazepam and UDPGA were -30.98 ± 1.00 kcal/mol and -36.42 ± 1.04 kcal/mol, respectively, increased obviously compared to wild type, suggesting the mutation on position 401 had a crucial effect on the catalysis. Moreover, the three-dimensional structure of UGT2B15 C-terminal domain L446S was determined through protein crystallography and X-ray diffraction technology and the results suggested that one more hydrogen bonding between S446 and K410 was formed in the S446 crystal structure, compared to the wild type. Isothermal titration calorimetry assay further revealed the Kd values of C-terminal domain of UGT2B15 harbored L446S towards the cofactor UDPGA was similar to the value of wild type. Above all, our results pointed out that H401P and L446S affected the enzyme activity by different mechanism. Our work provided a helpful mechanism for variance explained in the UGTs catalyzation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.; Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.; School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xuerong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yibing Yang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangyong Gu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Caiyan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China..
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13
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Dhital B, Rodriguez-Bravo V. Mechanisms of chromosomal instability (CIN) tolerance in aggressive tumors: surviving the genomic chaos. Chromosome Res 2023; 31:15. [PMID: 37058263 PMCID: PMC10104937 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-023-09724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a pervasive feature of human cancers involved in tumor initiation and progression and which is found elevated in metastatic stages. CIN can provide survival and adaptation advantages to human cancers. However, too much of a good thing may come at a high cost for tumor cells as excessive degree of CIN-induced chromosomal aberrations can be detrimental for cancer cell survival and proliferation. Thus, aggressive tumors adapt to cope with ongoing CIN and most likely develop unique susceptibilities that can be their Achilles' heel. Determining the differences between the tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects of CIN at the molecular level has become one of the most exciting and challenging aspects in cancer biology. In this review, we summarized the state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms reported to contribute to the adaptation and perpetuation of aggressive tumor cells carrying CIN. The use of genomics, molecular biology, and imaging techniques is significantly enhancing the understanding of the intricate mechanisms involved in the generation of and adaptation to CIN in experimental models and patients, which were not possible to observe decades ago. The current and future research opportunities provided by these advanced techniques will facilitate the repositioning of CIN exploitation as a feasible therapeutic opportunity and valuable biomarker for several types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittiny Dhital
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Thomas Jefferson University Graduate School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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14
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Montanaro M, Agostini M, Anemona L, Bonanno E, Servadei F, Finazzi Agrò E, Asimakopoulos AD, Ganini C, Cipriani C, Signoretti M, Bove P, Rugolo F, Imperiali B, Melino G, Mauriello A, Scimeca M. ZNF750: A Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076519. [PMID: 37047491 PMCID: PMC10095592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men in 2020. The clinical decision making for prostate cancer patients is based on the stratification of the patients according to both clinical and pathological parameters such as Gleason score and prostate-specific antigen levels. However, these tools still do not adequately predict patient outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ZNF750 could have a role in better stratifying patients, identifying those with a higher risk of metastasis and with the poorest prognosis. The data reported here revealed that ZNF750 protein levels are reduced in human prostate cancer samples, and this reduction is even higher in metastatic samples. Interestingly, nuclear positivity is significantly reduced in patients with metastatic prostate cancer, regardless of both Gleason score and grade group. More importantly, the bioinformatics analysis indicates that ZNF750 expression is positively correlated with better prognosis. Overall, our findings suggest that nuclear expression of ZNF750 may be a reliable prognostic biomarker for metastatic prostate cancer, which lays the foundation for the development of new biological therapies.
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15
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Flowers B, Bochnacka O, Poles A, Diamond AM, Kastrati I. Distinct Roles of SELENOF in Different Human Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030486. [PMID: 36979420 PMCID: PMC10046285 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SELENOF, previously known as SEP15, is a selenoprotein that contains selenium in the form of the amino acid selenocysteine. Like other selenoproteins, the role for SELENOF in carcinogenesis has been investigated due to its altered expression compared to the corresponding normal tissue, its molecular function, and the association of genetic variations in the SELENOF gene to cancer risk or outcome. This review summarizes SELENOF’s discovery, structure, cellular localization, and expression. SELENOF belongs to a new family of thioredoxin-like proteins. Published data summarized here indicate a likely role for SELENOF in redox protein quality control, and in the regulation of lipids, glucose, and energy metabolism. Current evidence indicates that loss of SELENOF contributes to the development of prostate and breast cancer, while its loss may be protective against colon cancer. Additional investigation into SELENOF’s molecular mechanisms and its impact on cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Flowers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Oliwia Bochnacka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Allison Poles
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Alan M. Diamond
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Irida Kastrati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-708-327-3250
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16
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Liquid biopsy for monitoring of tumor dormancy and early detection of disease recurrence in solid tumors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:161-182. [PMID: 36607507 PMCID: PMC10014694 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the three leading causes of death worldwide. Even after successful therapy and achieving remission, the risk of relapse often remains. In this context, dormant residual cancer cells in secondary organs such as the bone marrow constitute the cellular reservoir from which late tumor recurrences arise. This dilemma leads the term of minimal residual disease, which reflects the presence of tumor cells disseminated from the primary lesion to distant organs in patients who lack any clinical or radiological signs of metastasis or residual tumor cells left behind after therapy that eventually lead to local recurrence. Disseminated tumor cells have the ability to survive in a dormant state following treatment and linger unrecognized for more than a decade before emerging as recurrent disease. They are able to breakup their dormant state and to readopt their proliferation under certain circumstances, which can finally lead to distant relapse and cancer-associated death. In recent years, extensive molecular and genetic characterization of disseminated tumor cells and blood-based biomarker has contributed significantly to our understanding of the frequency and prevalence of tumor dormancy. In this article, we describe the clinical relevance of disseminated tumor cells and highlight how latest advances in different liquid biopsy approaches can be used to detect, characterize, and monitor minimal residual disease in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma patients.
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17
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Lerner G, Tang H, Singh K, Golestani R, St Claire S, Humphrey PA, Lannin D, Janostiak R, Harigopal M. AMACR Expression is a Potential Diagnostic Marker in Apocrine Lesions of Breast, and is Associated with High Histologic Grade and Lymph Node Metastases in Some Invasive Apocrine Breast Cancers. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:199-210. [PMID: 36577560 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoma with apocrine differentiation (AC) is a subtype of breast carcinoma with apocrine features in >90% of the tumor. Molecular studies demonstrate AC has high expression of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA. Pure AC lack estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and express AR, with variable human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) status. Currently, in triple negative AC, no targetable therapies or specific diagnostic markers exist. MATERIALS AND METHODS α-Methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR) expression was investigated as a marker of apocrine differentiation using a single-plex immunoperoxidase stain, and a novel AMACR/p63 dual stain in a subset of cases, across 1) benign apocrine lesions (apocrine metaplasia, adenosis) 2) apocrine DCIS (ADCIS), 3) AC/ invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with apocrine features, 4) non-apocrine triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and 5) IDC, no special type. A sub-set of cases were evaluated by tissue microarray. RESULTS AMACR expression was increased in both AC and ADCIS, with minimal expression in benign breast tissue, TNBC and IDC, NST cases. In invasive cases, those with positive AMACR (>5% positivity) were significantly associated with higher histologic grade (P = .006), initial N stage (chi squared 0.044), and lack of ER or PR expression (both P < .001), with no correlation with overall survival. Analysis of TCGA breast cancer datasets revealed AMACR expression was significantly higher in molecularly defined apocrine carcinomas relative to basal and luminal subtypes. Moreover, high AMACR expression predicted worse relapse-free and distant-metastasis free survival, among both ER-/PR-/Her2- and ER-/PR-/Her2+ breast cancer cohorts (log-rank P = .081 and .00011, respectively). CONCLUSION AMACR represents a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker in apocrine breast lesions. Further study is needed to determine the biologic and clinical significance of this protein in AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Lerner
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Haiming Tang
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kamaljeet Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Reza Golestani
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Samantha St Claire
- Yale Pathology Tissue Services, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Peter A Humphrey
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Donald Lannin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Malini Harigopal
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Abikar A, Saimon C, Ranganathan P. To block or not to block-hormonal signaling in the treatment of cancers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1129332. [PMID: 36891053 PMCID: PMC9986485 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1129332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The breast and prostate glands are the two major organs that are highly dependent on the gonadal steroid hormones for their development and homeostasis. The cancers of these organs also show a large dependence on steroid hormones and have formed the basis of endocrine therapy. Estrogen deprivation by oophorectomy has been in active practice since the 1970s, and androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer was a major breakthrough in medicine in 1941. Since then, several improvisations have happened in these modes of therapy. However, the development of resistance to this deprivation and the emergence of hormone independence are major problems in both cancers. The lessons learned from rodent models have made it clear that the male hormone has a role in females and vice versa. Also, the metabolic products of these hormones may have unintentional effects including proliferative conditions in both sexes. Hence, administering estrogen as a method of chemical castration in males and administering DHT in females may not be the ideal scenario. It would be important to consider the status of the opposite sex hormone signaling and its effects and come up with a combinatorial regime to strike a balance between androgen and estrogen signaling. This review summarizes the current understanding and developments in this field in the context of prostate cancer.
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19
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Munj SA, Taz TA, Arslanturk S, Heath EI. Biomarker-driven drug repurposing on biologically similar cancers with DNA-repair deficiencies. Front Genet 2022; 13:1015531. [PMID: 36583025 PMCID: PMC9792769 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1015531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar molecular and genetic aberrations among diseases can lead to the discovery of jointly important treatment options across biologically similar diseases. Oncologists closely looked at several hormone-dependent cancers and identified remarkable pathological and molecular similarities in their DNA repair pathway abnormalities. Although deficiencies in Homologous Recombination (HR) pathway plays a significant role towards cancer progression, there could be other DNA-repair pathway deficiencies that requires careful investigation. In this paper, through a biomarker-driven drug repurposing model, we identified several potential drug candidates for breast and prostate cancer patients with DNA-repair deficiencies based on common specific biomarkers and irrespective of the organ the tumors originated from. Normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) and sensitivity analysis were used to assess the performance of the drug repurposing model. Our results showed that Mitoxantrone and Genistein were among drugs with high therapeutic effects that significantly reverted the gene expression changes caused by the disease (FDR adjusted p-values for prostate cancer =1.225e-4 and 8.195e-8, respectively) for patients with deficiencies in their homologous recombination (HR) pathways. The proposed multi-cancer treatment framework, suitable for patients whose cancers had common specific biomarkers, has the potential to identify promising drug candidates by enriching the study population through the integration of multiple cancers and targeting patients who respond poorly to organ-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seeya Awadhut Munj
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Tasnimul Alam Taz
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Suzan Arslanturk
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Suzan Arslanturk,
| | - Elisabeth I. Heath
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, United States
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Arowolo O, Salemme V, Suvorov A. Towards Whole Health Toxicology: In-Silico Prediction of Diseases Sensitive to Multi-Chemical Exposures. TOXICS 2022; 10:764. [PMID: 36548597 PMCID: PMC9784704 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exposures from diverse sources merge on a limited number of molecular pathways described as toxicity pathways. Changes in the same set of molecular pathways in different cell and tissue types may generate seemingly unrelated health conditions. Today, no approaches are available to predict in an unbiased way sensitivities of different disease states and their combinations to multi-chemical exposures across the exposome. We propose an inductive in-silico workflow where sensitivities of genes to chemical exposures are identified based on the overlap of existing genomic datasets, and data on sensitivities of individual genes is further used to sequentially derive predictions on sensitivities of molecular pathways, disease states, and groups of disease states (syndromes). Our analysis predicts that conditions representing the most significant public health problems are among the most sensitive to cumulative chemical exposures. These conditions include six leading types of cancer in the world (prostatic, breast, stomach, lung, colorectal neoplasms, and hepatocellular carcinoma), obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autistic disorder, Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, heart failure, brain and myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarction. Overall, our predictions suggest that environmental risk factors may be underestimated for the most significant public health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatunbosun Arowolo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Victoria Salemme
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 1275 Med Science, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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21
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Donati G, Amati B. MYC and therapy resistance in cancer: risks and opportunities. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3828-3854. [PMID: 36214609 PMCID: PMC9627787 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor, encoded by the c-MYC proto-oncogene, is activated by growth-promoting signals, and is a key regulator of biosynthetic and metabolic pathways driving cell growth and proliferation. These same processes are deregulated in MYC-driven tumors, where they become critical for cancer cell proliferation and survival. As other oncogenic insults, overexpressed MYC induces a series of cellular stresses (metabolic, oxidative, replicative, etc.) collectively known as oncogenic stress, which impact not only on tumor progression, but also on the response to therapy, with profound, multifaceted consequences on clinical outcome. On one hand, recent evidence uncovered a widespread role for MYC in therapy resistance in multiple cancer types, with either standard chemotherapeutic or targeted regimens. Reciprocally, oncogenic MYC imparts a series of molecular and metabolic dependencies to cells, thus giving rise to cancer-specific vulnerabilities that may be exploited to obtain synthetic-lethal interactions with novel anticancer drugs. Here we will review the current knowledge on the links between MYC and therapeutic responses, and will discuss possible strategies to overcome resistance through new, targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Donati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Bruno Amati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
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22
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Onyiba CI, Scarlett CJ, Weidenhofer J. The Mechanistic Roles of Sirtuins in Breast and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205118. [PMID: 36291902 PMCID: PMC9600935 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There are diverse reports of the dual role of sirtuin genes and proteins in breast and prostate cancers. This review discusses the current information on the tumor promotion or suppression roles of SIRT1–7 in breast and prostate cancers. Precisely, we highlight that sirtuins regulate various proteins implicated in proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, chemoresistance, invasion, migration, and metastasis of both breast and prostate cancer. We also provide evidence of the direct regulation of sirtuins by miRNAs, highlighting the consequences of this regulation in breast and prostate cancer. Overall, this review reveals the potential value of sirtuins as biomarkers and/or targets for improved treatment of breast and prostate cancers. Abstract Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1–7) are involved in a myriad of cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, aging, DNA repair, senescence, viability, survival, and stress response. In this review, we discuss the current information on the mechanistic roles of SIRT1–7 and their downstream effects (tumor promotion or suppression) in cancers of the breast and prostate. Specifically, we highlight the involvement of sirtuins in the regulation of various proteins implicated in proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, chemoresistance, invasion, migration, and metastasis of breast and prostate cancer. Additionally, we highlight the available information regarding SIRT1–7 regulation by miRNAs, laying much emphasis on the consequences in the progression of breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmos Ifeanyi Onyiba
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher J. Scarlett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Judith Weidenhofer
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals That miR-524-5p/MEF2C Regulates Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer and Breast Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5211329. [PMID: 36128051 PMCID: PMC9482681 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5211329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases are highly prevalent in patients with advanced prostate cancer and breast cancer and have a serious impact on the survival time and quality of life of these patients. It has been reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed abnormally in different types of cancer and metastases. However, it remains unknown whether the underlying miRNAs are associated with prostate and breast cancer bone metastasis. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and their potential targets in the metastatic process were identified by bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, qPCR confirmed that the miR-524-5p expression was downregulated in prostate and breast cancer cells. The overexpression of miR-524-5p restrained cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in prostate and breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, miR-524-5p could target and inhibit the expression of MEF2C, which was verified by a luciferase assay. In conclusion, our data strongly suggest that downregulation of miR-524-5p appears to be a precocious event in prostate and breast cancer, and the miR-524-5p/MEF2C axis plays a novel role in bone metastases from prostate and breast cancers.
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Velaga R, Koo KM, Mainwaring PN. Harnessing gene fusion-derived neoantigens for 'cold' breast and prostate tumor immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:1165-1179. [PMID: 36043380 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast and prostate cancers are generally considered immunologically 'cold' tumors due to multiple mechanisms rendering them unresponsive to immune checkpoint blockade therapies. With little success in garnering positive outcomes in modern immunotherapeutic clinical trials, it is prudent to re-examine the role of immunogenic neoantigens in these cold tumors. Gene fusions are driver mutations in hormone-driven cancers that can result in alternative mutation-specific neoantigens to promote immunotherapy sensitivity. This review focuses on 1) gene fusion formation mechanisms in neoantigen generation; 2) gene fusion neoantigens in cancer immunotherapeutic strategies and associated clinical trials; and 3) challenges and opportunities in computational and liquid biopsy technologies. This review is anticipated to initiate further research into gene fusion neoantigens of cold tumors for further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Velaga
- Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kevin M Koo
- XING Technologies Pty Ltd, Brisbane, QLD 4073, Australia.,The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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RILP inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC3 prostate cancer cells. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151938. [PMID: 35981451 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RILP (Rab-interacting lysosomal protein) is a key regulator of lysosomal transport and a potential tumor suppressor. However, the role of RILP in prostate cancer and the underlying mechanism of RILP in regulating the proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells remain to be studied. In this study, we confirmed RalGDS (Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator) as the interaction partner of RILP in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that RILP recruits RalGDS to the lysosomal compartment. We found that RILP inhibits the activation of RalA and downstream effector RalBP1, and negatively regulates the downstream molecular phosphorylation of Ras. We showed that RILP inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC3 prostate cancer cells, which may give rise to novel ideas for cancer treatment.
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Integrative multi-omic analysis identifies genetically influenced DNA methylation biomarkers for breast and prostate cancers. Commun Biol 2022; 5:594. [PMID: 35710732 PMCID: PMC9203749 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation has emerged as a hallmark in several cancers and contributes to risk, oncogenesis, progression, and prognosis. In this study, we performed imputation-based and conventional methylome-wide association analyses for breast cancer (BrCa) and prostate cancer (PrCa). The imputation-based approach identified DNA methylation at cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpGs) associated with BrCa and PrCa risk utilising genome-wide association summary statistics (NBrCa = 228,951, NPrCa = 140,254) and prebuilt methylation prediction models, while the conventional approach identified CpG associations utilising TCGA and GEO experimental methylation data (NBrCa = 621, NPrCa = 241). Enrichment analysis of the association results implicated 77 and 81 genetically influenced CpGs for BrCa and PrCa, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of differential gene expression around these CpGs suggests a genome-epigenome-transcriptome mechanistic relationship. Conditional analyses identified multiple independent secondary SNP associations (Pcond < 0.05) around 28 BrCa and 22 PrCa CpGs. Cross-cancer analysis identified eight common CpGs, including a strong therapeutic target in SREBF1 (17p11.2)—a key player in lipid metabolism. These findings highlight the utility of integrative analysis of multi-omic cancer data to identify robust biomarkers and understand their regulatory effects on cancer risk. Methylome-wide association studies identify genetically-influenced CpGs associated with breast and prostate cancer risk and (epi)genome-transcriptome mechanistic relationships, with lipid metabolism genes implicated as potential therapeutic targets.
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A Tale of Two Cancers: A Current Concise Overview of Breast and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122954. [PMID: 35740617 PMCID: PMC9220807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast and prostate cancers are serious public health issues that create considerable burden to both people and healthcare systems worldwide. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease influenced by numerous components, and its diverse intricate pathology challenges disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and survival. Although recent statistics suggest improvements in cancer diagnosis and treatment, many challenges remain before cancers are curable. This review presents relevant summarized information related to breast and prostate cancer. Abstract Cancer is a global issue, and it is expected to have a major impact on our continuing global health crisis. As populations age, we see an increased incidence in cancer rates, but considerable variation is observed in survival rates across different geographical regions and cancer types. Both breast and prostate cancer are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although cancer statistics indicate improvements in some areas of breast and prostate cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, such statistics clearly convey the need for improvements in our understanding of the disease, risk factors, and interventions to improve life span and quality of life for all patients, and hopefully to effect a cure for people living in developed and developing countries. This concise review compiles the current information on statistics, pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments associated with breast and prostate cancer.
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Luthold C, Hallal T, Labbé DP, Bordeleau F. The Extracellular Matrix Stiffening: A Trigger of Prostate Cancer Progression and Castration Resistance? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122887. [PMID: 35740556 PMCID: PMC9221142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements made in diagnosis and treatment, prostate cancer remains the second most diagnosed cancer among men worldwide in 2020, and the first in North America and Europe. Patients with localized disease usually respond well to first-line treatments, however, up to 30% develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is often metastatic, making this stage of the disease incurable and ultimately fatal. Over the last years, interest has grown into the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening as an important mediator of diseases, including cancers. While this process is increasingly well-characterized in breast cancer, a similar in-depth look at ECM stiffening remains lacking for prostate cancer. In this review, we scrutinize the current state of literature regarding ECM stiffening in prostate cancer and its potential association with disease progression and castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Luthold
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada;
- Division of Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Tarek Hallal
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - David P. Labbé
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.P.L.); (F.B.)
| | - François Bordeleau
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada;
- Division of Oncology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: (D.P.L.); (F.B.)
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The mevalonate pathway in breast cancer biology. Cancer Lett 2022; 542:215761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Quantification of Tumor Hypoxia through Unsupervised Modelling of Consumption and Supply Hypoxia MR Imaging in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051326. [PMID: 35267636 PMCID: PMC8909402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia in solid tumors is common in most solid cancers and is associated with treatment resistance to both chemo- and radiation-therapy. There is also reason to believe that hypoxia is an important determinant of metastic disease. Identifying hypoxia in solid tumors is important in treatment planning and decision making. In 2018 Hompland et al. proposed a method, based on quantifying consumption and supply of oxygen from diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging, to estimate the hypoxic fraction of a solid tumor. The method was based on training model parameters on a known hypoxia state in prostate cancer. In the present study we verified the validity of the consumption and supply concept in breast cancer. Furthermore, we developed and validated a new approach to the concept that does not require a ground truth to train the parameters. Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate if consumption and supply hypoxia (CSH) MR-imaging can depict breast cancer hypoxia, using the CSH-method initially developed for prostate cancer. Furthermore, to develop a generalized pan-cancer application of the CSH-method that doesn’t require a hypoxia reference standard for training the CSH-parameters. In a cohort of 69 breast cancer patients, we generated, based on the principles of intravoxel incoherent motion modelling, images reflecting cellular density (apparent diffusion coefficient; ADC) and vascular density (perfusion fraction; fp). Combinations of the information in these images were compared to a molecular hypoxia score made from gene expression data, aiming to identify a way to apply the CSH-methodology in breast cancer. Attempts to adapt previously proposed models for prostate cancer included direct transfers and model parameter rescaling. A novel approach, based on rescaling ADC and fp data to give more nuanced response in the relevant physiologic range, was also introduced. The new CSH-method was validated in a prostate cancer cohort with known hypoxia status. The proposed CSH-method gave estimates of hypoxia that was strongly correlated to the molecular hypoxia score in breast cancer, and hypoxia as measured in pathology slices stained with pimonidazole in prostate cancer. The generalized approach to CSH-imaging depicted hypoxia in both breast and prostate cancers and requires no model training. It is easy to implement using readily available technology and encourages further investigation of CSH-imaging in other cancer entities and in other settings, with the goal being to overcome hypoxia-induced resistance to treatment.
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Winter J, Sheehan-Hennessy L, Yao B, Pedersen S, Wassie M, Eaton M, Chong M, Young G, Symonds E. Detection of hypermethylated BCAT1 and IKZF1 DNA in blood and tissues of colorectal, breast and prostate cancer patients. Cancer Biomark 2022; 34:493-503. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Detection of circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) methylated in BCAT1 and IKZF1 is a sensitive for detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), but it is not known if these biomarkers are present in other common adenocarcinomas. OBJECTIVE: Compare methylation levels of BCAT1 and IKZF1 in tissue and plasma from breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: Blood was collected from 290 CRC, 32 breast and 101 prostate cancer patients, and 606 cancer-free controls. Tumor and matched normal tissues were collected at surgery: 26 breast, 9 prostate and 15 CRC. DNA methylation in BCAT1 and IKZF1 was measured in blood and tissues. RESULTS: Either biomarker was detected in blood from 175/290 (60.3%) of CRC patients. The detection rate was higher than that measured in controls (48/606 (8.1%), OR = 18.2, 95%CI: 11.1–29.0). The test positivity rates in breast and prostate cancer patients were 9.4% (3/32) and 6.9% (7/101), respectively, and not significantly different to that measured in gender-matched controls (8.0% (33/382) females (OR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.23–3.1) and 7.6% (26/318) males (OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.65–2.1). In tumor and non-neoplastic tissues, 93.5% (14/15) of CRC tumors were methylated in BCAT1 and/or IKZF1 (p< 0.004). Only 11.5% (3/26) and 44.4% (4/9) (p= 0.083) of breast and prostate tumors were hypermethylated in these two genes. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of circulating DNA methylated in BCAT1 and IKZF1 is sensitive and specific for CRC but not breast or prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M. Winter
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Bowel Health Service, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lorraine Sheehan-Hennessy
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Bowel Health Service, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Beibei Yao
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Molla M. Wassie
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Bowel Health Service, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Eaton
- Flinders Breast Cancer Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Chong
- Urology Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme P. Young
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Erin L. Symonds
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Bowel Health Service, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Sun L, Ding H, Jia Y, Shi M, Guo D, Yang P, Wang Y, Liu F, Zhang Y, Zhu Z. Associations of genetically proxied inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, NPC1L1, and PCSK9 with breast cancer and prostate cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:12. [PMID: 35151363 PMCID: PMC8840684 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and epidemiological studies indicate a potential chemopreventive role of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) -lowering drugs in the risks of breast cancer and prostate cancer, but the causality remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association of genetically proxied inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) with risks of breast cancer and prostate cancer using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method. METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HMGCR, NPC1L1, and PCSK9 associated with LDL-C in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC; up to 188,577 European individuals) were used to proxy inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, NPC1L1, and PCSK9. Summary statistics with outcomes were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis of the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC; 228,951 European females) and a Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL; 140,254 European males) consortium. SNPs were combined into multiallelic models and MR estimates representing lifelong inhibition of targets were generated using the inverse-variance weighted method. RESULTS Genetically proxied inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase (OR: 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.95; P = 0.005) and NPC1L1 (OR: 0.72; 95% CI 0.58-0.90; P = 0.005) equivalent to a 1-mmol/L (38.7 mg/dL) reduction in LDL-C was associated with reduced breast cancer risk. There were no significant associations of genetically proxied inhibition of PCSK9 with breast cancer. In contrast, genetically proxied inhibition of PCSK9 (OR: 0.81; 95% CI 0.73-0.90; P < 0.001) but not HMG-CoA reductase and NPC1L1 was negatively associated with prostate cancer. In the secondary analysis, genetically proxied inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase (OR: 0.82; 95% CI 0.71-0.95; P = 0.008) and NPC1L1 (OR: 0.66; 95% CI 0.50-0.86; P = 0.002) was associated with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, whereas there was no association of HMG-CoA reductase and NPC1L1 with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Genetically proxied inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and NPC1L1 was significantly associated with lower odds of breast cancer, while genetically proxied inhibition of PCSK9 was associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the respective roles of these LDL-C-lowering drugs in breast cancer and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huan Ding
- Department of Chronic Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiming Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Daoxia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Nursing, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pinni Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fanghua Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Kozlov AP. Mammalian tumor-like organs. 1. The role of tumor-like normal organs and atypical tumor organs in the evolution of development (carcino-evo-devo). Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:2. [PMID: 35012580 PMCID: PMC8751115 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Earlier I hypothesized that hereditary tumors might participate in the evolution of multicellular organisms. I formulated the hypothesis of evolution by tumor neofunctionalization, which suggested that the evolutionary role of hereditary tumors might consist in supplying evolving multicellular organisms with extra cell masses for the expression of evolutionarily novel genes and the origin of new cell types, tissues, and organs. A new theory—the carcino-evo-devo theory—has been developed based on this hypothesis. Main text My lab has confirmed several non-trivial predictions of this theory. Another non-trivial prediction is that evolutionarily new organs if they originated from hereditary tumors or tumor-like structures, should recapitulate some tumor features in their development. This paper reviews the tumor-like features of evolutionarily novel organs. It turns out that evolutionarily new organs such as the eutherian placenta, mammary gland, prostate, the infantile human brain, and hoods of goldfishes indeed have many features of tumors. I suggested calling normal organs, which have many tumor features, the tumor-like organs. Conclusion Tumor-like organs might originate from hereditary atypical tumor organs and represent the part of carcino-evo-devo relationships, i.e., coevolution of normal and neoplastic development. During subsequent evolution, tumor-like organs may lose the features of tumors and the high incidence of cancer and become normal organs without (or with almost no) tumor features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Kozlov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Gubkina Street, Moscow, Russia, 117971. .,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29, Polytekhnicheskaya Street, St. Petersburg, Russia, 195251.
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OUP accepted manuscript. Clin Chem 2022; 68:973-983. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bisht B, Madhavan N. Quick Access to High-Purity Peptide Drugs Bradykinin, Leuprolide Analogue, 2(PZ-128), and Rapastinel with Minimal Reagents. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17667-17672. [PMID: 34823358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Peptide drugs bradykinin, a leuprolide analogue, 2(PZ-128), and rapastinel are synthesized in 56-77% yield using heating-assisted liquid-phase peptide synthesis on a soluble polynorbornene support. These drugs of commercial utility and complex structures are obtained in 2-5.5 h with no epimerization and >95% purity using only 1.2 equivalents of amino acids and coupling reagents. The peptide yield and purity are comparable or superior to the reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Nandita Madhavan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
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36
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Sadeghi S, Lu J, Ngom A. A network-based drug repurposing method via non-negative matrix factorization. Bioinformatics 2021; 38:1369-1377. [PMID: 34875000 PMCID: PMC8825773 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Drug repurposing is a potential alternative to the traditional drug discovery process. Drug repurposing can be formulated as a recommender system that recommends novel indications for available drugs based on known drug-disease associations. This article presents a method based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF-DR) to predict the drug-related candidate disease indications. This work proposes a recommender system-based method for drug repurposing to predict novel drug indications by integrating drug and diseases related data sources. For this purpose, this framework first integrates two types of disease similarities, the associations between drugs and diseases, and the various similarities between drugs from different views to make a heterogeneous drug-disease interaction network. Then, an improved non-negative matrix factorization-based method is proposed to complete the drug-disease adjacency matrix with predicted scores for unknown drug-disease pairs. RESULTS The comprehensive experimental results show that NMF-DR achieves superior prediction performance when compared with several existing methods for drug-disease association prediction. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The program is available at https://github.com/sshaghayeghs/NMF-DR. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Sadeghi
- School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, N9B 3P4, Windsor, Ontario, Canada,To whom correspondence should be addressed.
| | - Jianguo Lu
- School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, N9B 3P4, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alioune Ngom
- School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, N9B 3P4, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Lessi F, Aretini P, Rizzo M, Morelli M, Menicagli M, Franceschi S, Mazzanti CM. Analysis of exosome-derived microRNAs reveals insights of intercellular communication during invasion of breast, prostate and glioblastoma cancer cells. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:180-201. [PMID: 34157951 PMCID: PMC8224203 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1935407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs represent a mechanism that regulates gene expression in many pathological conditions. Exosomes are known to be secreted from all types of cells, and the exosomes-released molecules are crucial messengers that can regulate cellular processes. We investigated the miRNAs content of exosomes released by cancer cells during the invasion . An invasion stimulus has been generated through scratches created on the confluent cells of cancer cell lines: glioblastoma, breast and prostate cancers.Several miRNAs were found to be significantly differentially abundant during the cell invasion , both in common among different cell lines and exclusive. Understanding the language codes among cells involved in invasion can lead to the development of therapies that can inhibit cellular communication, slowing or eventually stopping their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Milena Rizzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Pisa, Italy
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38
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Ruiz TFR, Colleta SJ, Zuccari DAPDC, Vilamaior PSL, Leonel ECR, Taboga SR. Hormone receptor expression in aging mammary tissue and carcinoma from a rodent model after xenoestrogen disruption. Life Sci 2021; 285:120010. [PMID: 34606849 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hormone receptors are the main markers applied for prognosis of breast cancer subtypes. Among modulators, exogenous chemical agents known as endocrine disruptors interact with certain receptors, triggering molecular pathways or increasing their expression. Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogen, interacts with several hormone receptors. Thus, our aim was to characterize the hormone receptor status in the mammary gland (MG) of aged female Mongolian gerbils exposed to BPA in pregnancy and lactation. METHODS We evaluated the expression of receptors for estrogens (ERα and ERβ), progesterone (PR), prolactin (PRL-R), HER2/ErbB2, and androgen (AR) in normal and hyperplastic mammary tissue and in carcinomas developed after BPA exposure. KEY FINDINGS BPA-exposed MG presented increased ERα, whereas ERβ, PR, and PRL-R showed lower expression. AR and HER2/ErbB2 showed similar expression in normal and hyperplastic tissue from control, vehicle, and BPA groups. Both receptors were found in cytoplasm and nucleus in BPA-induced carcinoma. We demonstrate the presence of EZH2 expression, an epigenetic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, with a high H-score in BPA-exposed MG, which was associated with poor prognosis of cancer. Co-localization of ERα and EZH2 was present in normal and carcinoma features, corroborating the installation of ERα-positive mammary cancer associated with the EMT process. Enhanced EZH2 in BPA-exposed mammary tissue could decrease ERβ expression and promote tumorigenesis progress through HER2/ErbB2. SIGNIFICANCE The present study proposes the Mongolian gerbil as an experimental model for mammary carcinogenesis studies, based on BPA disruption that triggers a phenotype of increased ERα/HER2 positivity and depletion of ERβ/PR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Simone Jacovaci Colleta
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB III), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Dhabhai B, Sharma A, Maciaczyk J, Dakal TC. X-Linked Tumor Suppressor Genes Act as Presumed Contributors in the Sex Chromosome-Autosome Crosstalk in Cancers. Cancer Invest 2021; 40:103-110. [PMID: 34519229 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1981364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the human genome contains about 6% of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and the X chromosome alone holds a substantial share (2%), herein, we have discussed exclusively the relative contribution of X-linked human TSGs that appear to be primarily involved in 32 different cancer types. Our analysis showed that, (a) the majority of X-linked TSGs are primarily involved in the dysregulation of breast cancer, followed by prostate cancer, (b) Despite being escaped from X chromosome inactivation (XCI), a clear pattern of altered promoter methylation linked to the mutational burden was observed among them. (c) X-linked TSGs (mainly on the q-arm) maintain spatial and genetic interactions with certain autosomal loci. Corroborating our previous findings that loss/gain of entire sex chromosomes (in XO and XXY syndromes) can profoundly affect the epigenetic status of autosomes we herein suggest that X-linked TSGs alone can also contribute significantly in the dynamics this sex chromosome-autosome crosstalk to restructure the cancer genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanupriya Dhabhai
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jarek Maciaczyk
- Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
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Camargo AC, Remoli B, Portela LM, Fioretto MN, Chuffa LG, Moreno CS, Justulin LA. Transcriptomic landscape of male and female reproductive cancers: Similar pathways and molecular signatures predicting response to endocrine therapy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111393. [PMID: 34245846 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive cancers in both genders represent serious health problems, whose incidence has significantly risen over the past decades. Although considerable differences among reproductive cancers exist, we aimed to identify similar signaling pathways and key molecular oncomarkers shared among six human reproductive cancers that can advance the current knowledge of cancer biology to propose new strategies for more effective therapies. Using a computational analysis approach, here we uncover aberrant miRNAs-mRNAs networks shared in six reproductive tumor types, and identify common molecular mechanisms strictly associated with cancer promotion and aggressiveness. Based on the fact that estrogenic and androgenic signaling pathways were most active in prostate and breast cancers, we further demonstrated that both androgen and estrogen deprivation therapy are capable of regulating the expression of the same key molecular sensors associated with endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and cell cycle in these cancers. Overall, our data reveal a potential mechanistic framework of cellular processes that are shared among reproductive cancers, and particularly, highlight the importance of hormonal deprivation in breast and prostate cancers and potentially new biomarkers of response to these therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cl Camargo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Remoli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Mf Portela
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus N Fioretto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ga Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos S Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Jayarathna DK, Rentería ME, Malik A, Sauret E, Batra J, Gandhi NS. Integrative Transcriptome-Wide Analyses Uncover Novel Risk-Associated MicroRNAs in Hormone-Dependent Cancers. Front Genet 2021; 12:716236. [PMID: 34512726 PMCID: PMC8427606 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.716236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hormone-dependent cancers (HDC) are among the leading causes of death worldwide among both men and women. Some of the established risk factors of HDC include unhealthy lifestyles, environmental factors, and genetic influences. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand gene-cancer associations. Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) integrate data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci - eQTL) to yield meaningful information on biological pathways associated with complex traits/diseases. Recently, TWAS have enabled the identification of novel associations between HDC risk and protein-coding genes. Methods In the present study, we performed a TWAS analysis using the summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR)-heterogeneity in dependent instruments (HEIDI) method to identify microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) associated with HDC risk. We obtained eQTL and GWAS summary statistics from the ncRNA-eQTL database and the National Human Genome Research Institute-European Bioinformatics Institute (NHGRI-EBI) GWAS Catalog. Results We identified 13 TWAS-significant miRNAs at cis regions (±1 Mb) associated with HDC risk (two, five, one, two, and three miRNAs for prostate, breast, ovarian, colorectal, and endometrial cancers, respectively). Among them, eight novel miRNAs were recognized in HDC risk. Eight protein-coding genes targeted by TWAS-identified miRNAs (SIRT1, SOX4, RUNX2, FOXA1, ABL2, SUB1, HNRNPH1, and WAC) are associated with HDC functions and signaling pathways. Conclusion Overall, identifying risk-associated miRNAs across a group of related cancers may help to understand cancer biology and provide novel insights into cancer genetic mechanisms. This customized approach can be applied to identify significant miRNAs in any trait/disease of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulari K Jayarathna
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adil Malik
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emilie Sauret
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Jiang W, Hu JW, He XR, Jin WL, He XY. Statins: a repurposed drug to fight cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:241. [PMID: 34303383 PMCID: PMC8306262 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As competitive HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, statins not only reduce cholesterol and improve cardiovascular risk, but also exhibit pleiotropic effects that are independent of their lipid-lowering effects. Among them, the anti-cancer properties of statins have attracted much attention and indicated the potential of statins as repurposed drugs for the treatment of cancer. A large number of clinical and epidemiological studies have described the anticancer properties of statins, but the evidence for anticancer effectiveness of statins is inconsistent. It may be that certain molecular subtypes of cancer are more vulnerable to statin therapy than others. Whether statins have clinical anticancer effects is still an active area of research. Statins appear to enhance the efficacy and address the shortcomings associated with conventional cancer treatments, suggesting that statins should be considered in the context of combined therapies for cancer. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the potential of statins in anti-cancer treatments. We discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer properties of statins and their effects on different malignancies. We also provide recommendations for the design of future well-designed clinical trials of the anti-cancer efficacy of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Wei Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Ran He
- Department of Finance, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, 230001, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Yang He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, 230001, P. R. China.
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Missense Variants of Uncertain Significance: A Powerful Genetic Tool for Function Discovery with Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153719. [PMID: 34359619 PMCID: PMC8345083 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Variants of uncertain significance in the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2 represent 50–80% of the results from genetic testing. These mutations may lead to the dysfunction of the gene, thus conferring breast cancer predisposition; however, because they are rare and their impact on the function is not easy to predict, their classification into benign or pathogenic variants remains a challenge. By focusing on three specific rare missense variants identified in breast cancer patients, in this review, we discuss how the functional evaluation of this type of variants can be used to reveal novel activities of BRCA2. Based on these findings, we suggest additional functional tests that might be required for accurate variant classification and how their characterization may be leveraged to find novel clinical strategies for patients bearing these mutations. Abstract The breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2 encodes a multifunctional protein required for the accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks and replicative DNA lesions. In addition, BRCA2 exhibits emerging important roles in mitosis. As a result, mutations in BRCA2 may affect chromosomal integrity in multiple ways. However, many of the BRCA2 mutations found in breast cancer patients and their families are single amino acid substitutions, sometimes unique, and their relevance in cancer risk remains difficult to assess. In this review, we focus on three recent reports that investigated variants of uncertain significance (VUS) located in the N-terminal region of BRCA2. In this framework, we make the case for how the functional evaluation of VUS can be a powerful genetic tool not only for revealing novel aspects of BRCA2 function but also for re-evaluating cancer risk. We argue that other functions beyond homologous recombination deficiency or “BRCAness” may influence cancer risk. We hope our discussion will help the reader appreciate the potential of these functional studies in the prevention and diagnostics of inherited breast and ovarian cancer. Moreover, these novel aspects in BRCA2 function might help find new therapeutic strategies.
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Núñez-Iglesias MJ, Novio S, García C, Pérez-Muñuzuri ME, Martínez MC, Santiago JL, Boso S, Gago P, Freire-Garabal M. Co-Adjuvant Therapy Efficacy of Catechin and Procyanidin B2 with Docetaxel on Hormone-Related Cancers In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137178. [PMID: 34281228 PMCID: PMC8268784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate (PC) and breast cancer (BC) are heterogeneous hormonal cancers. Treatment resistance and adverse effects are the main limitations of conventional chemotherapy treatment. The use of sensitizing agents could improve the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs as well as obviate these limitations. This study analyzes the effect of single catechin (CAT), procyanidin B2 (ProB2) treatment as well as the co-adjuvant treatment of each of these compounds with docetaxel (DOCE). We used PC- and BC-derived cell lines (PC3, DU-145, T47D, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The short and long-term pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects were analyzed. RT-qPCR was used to discover molecular bases of the therapeutic efficacy of these compounds. ProB2 treatment induced a two- to five-fold increase in anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects compared to single DOCE treatment, and also had a more sensitizing effect than DOCE on DU145 cells. Regarding BC cells, ProB2- and CAT-mediated sensitization to DOCE anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects was cell-independent and cell-dependent, respectively. Combined treatment led to high-efficacy effects on MCF-7 cells, which were associated to the up-regulation of CDKN1A, BAX, caspase 9 and E-cadherin mRNA under combined treatment compared to single DOCE treatment. CAT and ProB2 can enhance the efficacy of DOCE therapy on PC and BC cells by the sensitizing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª Jesús Núñez-Iglesias
- SNL Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, c/San Francisco, s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain; (M.J.N.-I.); (C.G.); (M.E.P.-M.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Silvia Novio
- SNL Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, c/San Francisco, s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain; (M.J.N.-I.); (C.G.); (M.E.P.-M.); (M.F.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlota García
- SNL Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, c/San Francisco, s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain; (M.J.N.-I.); (C.G.); (M.E.P.-M.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - Mª Elena Pérez-Muñuzuri
- SNL Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, c/San Francisco, s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain; (M.J.N.-I.); (C.G.); (M.E.P.-M.); (M.F.-G.)
| | - María-Carmen Martínez
- Group of Viticulture, Olive and Rose (VIOR), Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, 36143 Salcedo, Spain; (M.-C.M.); (J.-L.S.); (S.B.); (P.G.)
| | - José-Luis Santiago
- Group of Viticulture, Olive and Rose (VIOR), Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, 36143 Salcedo, Spain; (M.-C.M.); (J.-L.S.); (S.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Susana Boso
- Group of Viticulture, Olive and Rose (VIOR), Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, 36143 Salcedo, Spain; (M.-C.M.); (J.-L.S.); (S.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Pilar Gago
- Group of Viticulture, Olive and Rose (VIOR), Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Carballeira 8, 36143 Salcedo, Spain; (M.-C.M.); (J.-L.S.); (S.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Manuel Freire-Garabal
- SNL Laboratory, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, c/San Francisco, s/n, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 A Coruña, Spain; (M.J.N.-I.); (C.G.); (M.E.P.-M.); (M.F.-G.)
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Regulation of mRNA Translation by Hormone Receptors in Breast and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133254. [PMID: 34209750 PMCID: PMC8268847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The estrogen and androgen receptors (ER, AR) are key oncogenic drivers and therapeutic targets in breast and prostate cancer, respectively. These receptors bind to DNA and regulate gene expression but emerging evidence indicates that they also play important roles in controlling the process of mRNA translation, which dictates cellular protein production. Here, we review the mechanisms by which abnormal activities of ER and AR can dysregulate mRNA translation in breast and prostate cancer cells. Specifically, we explore how the intricate cellular signalling pathways that keep mRNA translation in check are perturbed by aberrant ER and AR signalling, which can lead to enhanced cancer cell growth. We also discuss the potential of targeting mRNA translation as a strategy to treat patients with breast and prostate cancer. Abstract Breast and prostate cancer are the second and third leading causes of death amongst all cancer types, respectively. Pathogenesis of these malignancies is characterised by dysregulation of sex hormone signalling pathways, mediated by the estrogen receptor-α (ER) in breast cancer and androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer. ER and AR are transcription factors whose aberrant function drives oncogenic transcriptional programs to promote cancer growth and progression. While ER/AR are known to stimulate cell growth and survival by modulating gene transcription, emerging findings indicate that their effects in neoplasia are also mediated by dysregulation of protein synthesis (i.e., mRNA translation). This suggests that ER/AR can coordinately perturb both transcriptional and translational programs, resulting in the establishment of proteomes that promote malignancy. In this review, we will discuss relatively understudied aspects of ER and AR activity in regulating protein synthesis as well as the potential of targeting mRNA translation in breast and prostate cancer.
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Apios Americana Medicus: A potential staple food candidate with versatile bioactivities. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhou K, Arslanturk S, Craig DB, Heath E, Draghici S. Discovery of primary prostate cancer biomarkers using cross cancer learning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10433. [PMID: 34001952 PMCID: PMC8128891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), the second leading cause of cancer death in American men, is a relatively slow-growing malignancy with multiple early treatment options. Yet, a significant number of low-risk PCa patients are over-diagnosed and over-treated with significant and long-term quality of life effects. Further, there is ever increasing evidence of metastasis and higher mortality when hormone-sensitive or castration-resistant PCa tumors are treated indistinctively. Hence, the critical need is to discover clinically-relevant and actionable PCa biomarkers by better understanding the biology of PCa. In this paper, we have discovered novel biomarkers of PCa tumors through cross-cancer learning by leveraging the pathological and molecular similarities in the DNA repair pathways of ovarian, prostate, and breast cancer tumors. Cross-cancer disease learning enriches the study population and identifies genetic/phenotypic commonalities that are important across diseases with pathological and molecular similarities. Our results show that ADIRF, SLC2A5, C3orf86, HSPA1B are among the most significant PCa biomarkers, while MTRNR2L1, EEPD1, TEPP and VN1R2 are jointly important biomarkers across prostate, breast and ovarian cancers. Our validation results have further shown that the discovered biomarkers can predict the disease state better than any randomly selected subset of differentially expressed prostate cancer genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA
| | - Suzan Arslanturk
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA.
| | - Douglas B Craig
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, 48201, USA
| | - Elisabeth Heath
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, 48201, USA
| | - Sorin Draghici
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA
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Increased Hospitalization and Mortality from COVID-19 in Prostate Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071630. [PMID: 33915795 PMCID: PMC8037308 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients with COVID-19 have a poor disease course. Among tumor types, prostate cancer and COVID-19 share several risk factors, and the interaction of prostate cancer and COVID-19 is purported to have an adverse outcome. METHODS This was a single-institution retrospective study on 286,609 patients who underwent the COVID-19 test at Mount Sinai Hospital system from March 2020 to December 2020. Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests were used to summarize baseline characteristics of categorical data, and Mann-Whitney U test was used for continuous variables. Univariable logistic regression analysis to compare the hospitalization and mortality rates and the strength of association was obtained by the odds ratio and confidence interval. RESULTS This study aimed to compare hospitalization and mortality rates between men with COVID-19 and prostate cancer and those who were COVID-19-positive with non-prostate genitourinary malignancy or any solid cancer, and with breast cancer patients. We also compared our studies to others that reported the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in prostate cancer patients. Our studies highlight that patients with prostate cancer had higher susceptibility to COVID-19-related pathogenesis, resulting in higher mortality and hospitalization rates. Hospitalization and mortality rates were higher in prostate cancer patients with COVID-19 when compared with COVID-19 patients with non-prostate genitourinary (GU) malignancies.
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Johnson BS, Shepard S, Torgeson T, Johnson A, McMurray M, Vassar M. Using Google Trends and Twitter for Prostate Cancer Awareness: A Comparative Analysis of Prostate Cancer Awareness Month and Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Cureus 2021; 13:e13325. [PMID: 33738168 PMCID: PMC7958554 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated (1) whether the public interest in prostate cancer and prostate cancer screening increased following Prostate Cancer Awareness Month (PCAM) and (2) whether PCAM was as effective as Breast Cancer Awareness Month (BCAM) at generating public interest. Methods Using Google Trends, we measured search volume in PCAM and BCAM. We used the search volume in Google Trends as a proxy for changes in public interest from January 01, 2009 to December 31, 2018 worldwide, including the specific keywords: “Prostate Cancer”; “Prostate-Specific Antigen”; “Prostate Cancer Screening”; “Prostate Cancer Management”; “Breast Cancer”; “Breast Cancer Screening”; “Mammography”; and “Breast Cancer Management”. Also, we measured tweets containing “prostate cancer” and “breast cancer”. We used an autoregressive integrated moving algorithm (ARIMA) to forecast expected weekly search volumes during PCAM and BCAM. We then compared the Google Trends data from during PCAM and BCAM to the forecasted values and determined a “greater than expected” range. Results The mean pooled percent increase in tweets associated with “prostate cancer” during PCAM from 2012 through 2018 was 15.9% (95% CI, -1% - 33%). The mean pooled percent increase in tweets associated with “breast cancer” during BCAM from 2012 through 2018 was 318.5% (95% CI, 268% - 369%). BCAM was associated with a 302.6% greater effect on increasing tweets referencing the disease of interest than PCAM from 2012-2018. “Breast cancer” Google searches were found to be 36.7% (95% CI, 34% - 39%) more frequent than “prostate cancer” per month from 2009-2019. Google Searches for “breast cancer screening” were 29.6% (95% CI, 28% - 31%) greater than “prostate cancer screening”. Conclusions Our results indicate that PCAM is not generating substantial internet interest, especially when compared to BCAM. The search volume for Google Trends search terms related to PCAM was less than BCAM in every comparison, and Twitter indicated only a slight increase of Tweets during the month of PCAM. Suggestions are provided to improve the effect of PCAM and men’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Johnson
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, USA
| | - Samuel Shepard
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, USA
| | - Trevor Torgeson
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, USA
| | - Austin Johnson
- Office of Medical Student Research, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, USA
| | - Megan McMurray
- Department of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, USA
| | - Matt Vassar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center of Health Sciences, Tulsa, USA
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Li Y, Luo Y. Performance-weighted-voting model: An ensemble machine learning method for cancer type classification using whole-exome sequencing mutation. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 8:347-358. [PMID: 34336363 DOI: 10.1007/s40484-020-0226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background With improvements in next-generation DNA sequencing technology, lower cost is needed to collect genetic data. More machine learning techniques can be used to help with cancer analysis and diagnosis. Methods We developed an ensemble machine learning system named performance-weighted-voting model for cancer type classification in 6,249 samples across 14 cancer types. Our ensemble system consists of five weak classifiers (logistic regression, SVM, random forest, XGBoost and neural networks). We first used cross-validation to get the predicted results for the five classifiers. The weights of the five weak classifiers can be obtained based on their predictive performance by solving linear regression functions. The final predicted probability of the performance-weighted-voting model for a cancer type can be determined by the summation of each classifier's weight multiplied by its predicted probability. Results Using the somatic mutation count of each gene as the input feature, the overall accuracy of the performance-weighted-voting model reached 71.46%, which was significantly higher than the five weak classifiers and two other ensemble models: the hard-voting model and the soft-voting model. In addition, by analyzing the predictive pattern of the performance-weighted-voting model, we found that in most cancer types, higher tumor mutational burden can improve overall accuracy. Conclusion This study has important clinical significance for identifying the origin of cancer, especially for those where the primary cannot be determined. In addition, our model presents a good strategy for using ensemble systems for cancer type classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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