1
|
Golikova EA, Alshevskaya AA, Alrhmoun S, Sivitskaya NA, Sennikov SV. TCR-T cell therapy: current development approaches, preclinical evaluation, and perspectives on regulatory challenges. J Transl Med 2024; 22:897. [PMID: 39367419 PMCID: PMC11451006 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
TCR-T cell therapy represents a promising advancement in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Despite its potential, the development and preclinical testing of TCR-T cells face significant challenges. This review provides a structured overview of the key stages in preclinical testing, including in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods, within the context of the sequential development of novel therapies. This review aimed to systematically outline the processes for evaluating TCR-T cells at each stage: from in silico approaches used to predict target antigens, assess cross-reactivity, and minimize off-target effects, to in vitro assays designed to measure cell functionality, cytotoxicity, and activation. Additionally, the review discusses the limitations of in vivo testing in animal models, particularly in accurately reflecting the human tumor microenvironment and immune responses. Performed analysis emphasizes the importance of these preclinical stages in the safe and effective development of TCR-T cell therapies. While current models provide valuable insights, we identify critical gaps, particularly in in vivo biodistribution and toxicity assessments, and propose the need for enhanced standardization and the development of more representative models. This structured approach aims to improve the predictability and safety of TCR-T cell therapy as it advances towards clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Golikova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina A Alshevskaya
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Saleh Alrhmoun
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology" (RIFCI), 630099, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Sivitskaya
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Sennikov
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology" (RIFCI), 630099, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu E, Yu J, Li YR, Ma F, Wang YC, Liu Y, Li M, Kim YJ, Zhu Y, Hahn Z, Zhou Y, Brown J, Zhang Y, Pelegrini M, Hsiai T, Yang L, Huang Y. Biomimetic cell stimulation with a graphene oxide antigen-presenting platform for developing T cell-based therapies. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01781-4. [PMID: 39313679 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells represent a front-line therapy for cancers. However, the current CAR T cell manufacturing protocols do not adequately reproduce immunological synapse formation. Here, in response to this limitation, we have developed a flexible graphene oxide antigen-presenting platform (GO-APP) that anchors antibodies onto graphene oxide. By decorating anti-CD3 (αCD3) and anti-CD28 (αCD28) on graphene oxide (GO-APP3/28), we achieved remarkable T cell proliferation. In vitro interactions between GO-APP3/28 and T cells closely mimic the in vivo immunological synapses between antigen-presenting cells and T cells. This immunological synapse mimicry shows a high capacity for stimulating T cell proliferation while preserving their multifunctionality and high potency. Meanwhile, it enhances CAR gene-engineering efficiency, yielding a more than fivefold increase in CAR T cell production compared with the standard protocol. Notably, GO-APP3/28 stimulated appropriate autocrine interleukin-2 (IL-2) in T cells and overcame the in vitro reliance on external IL-2 supplementation, offering an opportunity to culture T cell-based products independent of IL-2 supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enbo Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Hahn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuchong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pelegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tzung Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo Z, Cheng X, Feng B, Fan D, Liu X, Xie R, Luo T, Wegner SV, Ma D, Chen F, Zeng W. Engineering Versatile Bacteria-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles: An Adaptable Platform for Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400049. [PMID: 38952055 PMCID: PMC11434149 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has undergone a transformative shift toward personalized and targeted therapeutic strategies. Bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have emerged as a promising and adaptable platform for cancer immunotherapy due to their unique properties, including natural immunogenicity and the ability to be engineered for specific therapeutic purposes. In this review, a comprehensive overview is provided of state-of-the-art techniques and methodologies employed in the engineering of versatile OMVs for cancer immunotherapy. Beginning by exploring the biogenesis and composition of OMVs, unveiling their intrinsic immunogenic properties for therapeutic appeal. Subsequently, innovative approaches employed to engineer OMVs are delved into, ranging from the genetic engineering of parent bacteria to the incorporation of functional molecules. The importance of rational design strategies is highlighted to enhance the immunogenicity and specificity of OMVs, allowing tailoring for diverse cancer types. Furthermore, insights into clinical studies and potential challenges utilizing OMVs as cancer vaccines or adjuvants are also provided, offering a comprehensive assessment of the current landscape and future prospects. Overall, this review provides valuable insights for researchers involved in the rapidly evolving field of cancer immunotherapy, offering a roadmap for harnessing the full potential of OMVs as a versatile and adaptable platform for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Luo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangsha410013China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic DiseasesChangsha410078China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangsha410013China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic DiseasesChangsha410078China
| | - Bin Feng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangsha410013China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic DiseasesChangsha410078China
| | - Duoyang Fan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangsha410013China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic DiseasesChangsha410078China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangsha410013China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic DiseasesChangsha410078China
| | - Ruyan Xie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangsha410013China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic DiseasesChangsha410078China
| | - Ting Luo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangsha410013China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic DiseasesChangsha410078China
| | - Seraphine V. Wegner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and PathobiochemistryUniversity of Münster48149MünsterGermany
| | - Dayou Ma
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic DiseasesChangsha410078China
| | - Fei Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangsha410013China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic DiseasesChangsha410078China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangsha410013China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic DiseasesChangsha410078China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu P, Hu Q. Engineering Cells for Cancer Therapy. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2358-2371. [PMID: 39093824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusCells, particularly living cells, serve as natural carriers of bioactive substances. Their inherent low immunogenicity and multifunctionality have garnered significant attention in the realm of disease treatment applications, specifically within the domains of cancer immunotherapy and regenerative tissue repair. Nevertheless, several prominent challenges impede their swift translation into clinical applications, including obstacles related to large-scale production feasibility and high utilization costs. To address these issues comprehensively, researchers have proposed the notion of bionic cells that are synthetically generated through chemical or biosynthetic means to emulate cellular functions and behaviors. However, artificial cell strategies encounter difficulties in fully replicating the intricate functionalities exhibited by living cells while also grappling with the complexities associated with design implementation for clinical translation purposes. The convergence of disciplines has facilitated the reform of living cells through a range of approaches, including chemical-, biological-, genetic-, and materials-based methods. These techniques can be employed to impart specific functions to cells or enhance the efficacy of therapy. For example, cells are engineered through gene transduction, surface modifications, endocytosis of drugs as delivery systems, and membrane fusion. The concept of engineered cells presents a promising avenue for enhancing control over living cells, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy while concurrently mitigating toxic side effects and ultimately facilitating the realization of precision medicine.In this Account, we present a comprehensive overview of our recent research advancements in the field of engineered cells. Our work involves the application of biological or chemical engineering techniques to manipulate endogenous cells for therapeutics or drug delivery purposes. For instance, to avoid the laborious process of isolating, modifying, and expanding engineered cells in vitro, we proposed the concept of in situ engineered cells. By applying a hydrogel loaded with nanoparticles carrying edited chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) plasmids within the postoperative cavity of glioma, we successfully targeted tumor-associated macrophages for gene editing, leading to effective tumor recurrence inhibition. Furthermore, leveraging platelet's ability to release microparticles upon activation at injury sites, we modified antiprogrammed death 1 (PD-1) antibodies on their surface to suppress postoperative tumor recurrence and provide immunotherapy for inoperable tumors. Similarly, by exploiting bacteria's active tropism toward sites of inflammation and hypoxia, we delivered protein drugs by engineered bacteria to induce cancer cell death through pyroptosis initiation and immunotherapy strategies. In the final section, we summarize our aforementioned research progress while providing an outlook on cancer therapy and the hurdles for clinical translation with potential solutions or future directions based on the concept of engineered cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Liu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen MY, Zhang F, Goedegebuure SP, Gillanders WE. Dendritic cell subsets and implications for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393451. [PMID: 38903502 PMCID: PMC11188312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the orchestration of effective T cell responses against tumors. However, their functional behavior is context-dependent. DC type, transcriptional program, location, intratumoral factors, and inflammatory milieu all impact DCs with regard to promoting or inhibiting tumor immunity. The following review introduces important facets of DC function, and how subset and phenotype can affect the interplay of DCs with other factors in the tumor microenvironment. It will also discuss how current cancer treatment relies on DC function, and survey the myriad ways with which immune therapy can more directly harness DCs to enact antitumor cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y. Chen
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Felicia Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Simon Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - William E. Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Rezvani A, Zaboli E, Salari S, Masjedi MR, Bashash D. Lung cancer vaccination from concept to reality: A critical review of clinical trials and latest advances. Life Sci 2024; 346:122652. [PMID: 38641048 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly lethal malignancy that poses a significant burden on public health worldwide. There have been numerous therapeutic approaches, among which cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising approach to harnessing the patient's immune system to induce long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. The current study aims to provide an overview of cancer vaccination in the context of lung cancer to establish a clearer landscape for lung cancer treatment. To provide a comprehensive review, we not only gathered the published studies of lung cancer vaccination and discussed their effectiveness and safety profile but also analyzed all the relevant clinical trials registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov until March 2024. We demonstrated all utilized vaccine platforms along with having a glance at novel technologies such as mRNA vaccines. The present review discussed the challenges and shortcomings of lung cancer vaccination, as well as the way they could be managed to pave the way for reaching the most optimized vaccine formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zaboli
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sina Salari
- Department of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Masjedi
- Cancer Control Research Center, Cancer Control Foundation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li F, Ouyang J, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Milon Essola J, Ali B, Wu X, Zhu M, Guo W, Liang XJ. Nanomedicine for T-Cell Mediated Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301770. [PMID: 36964936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
T-cell immunotherapy offers outstanding advantages in the treatment of various diseases, and with the selection of appropriate targets, efficient disease treatment can be achieved. T-cell immunotherapy has made great progress, but clinical results show that only a small proportion of patients can benefit from T-cell immunotherapy. The extensive mechanistic work outlines a blueprint for using T cells as a new option for immunotherapy, but also presents new challenges, including the balance between different fractions of T cells, the inherent T-cell suppression patterns in the disease microenvironment, the acquired loss of targets, and the decline of T-cell viability. The diversity, flexibility, and intelligence of nanomedicines give them great potential for enhancing T-cell immunotherapy. Here, how T-cell immunotherapy strategies can be adapted with different nanomaterials to enhance therapeutic efficacy is discussed. For two different pathological states, immunosuppression and immune activation, recent advances in nanomedicines for T-cell immunotherapy in diseases such as cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, and diabetes are summarized. With a focus on T-cell immunotherapy, this review highlights the outstanding advantages of nanomedicines in disease treatment, and helps advance one's understanding of the use of nanotechnology to enhance T-cell immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Zuqin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ziran Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Julien Milon Essola
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Barkat Ali
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- Food Sciences Research Institute, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xinyue Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Z, Chen JQ, Liu TJ, Chen YL, Ma ZK, Fan YZ, Wang ZX, Xu S, Wang K, Wang XY, Li L, Xie HJ. Knocking down AR promotes osteoblasts to recruit prostate cancer cells by altering exosomal circ-DHPS/miR-214-3p/CCL5 pathway. Asian J Androl 2024; 26:195-204. [PMID: 37966336 PMCID: PMC10919426 DOI: 10.4103/aja202351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes have been shown to play a key role in organ-specific metastasis, and the androgen receptor regulates prostate cancer (PCa) progression. It is unclear whether the androgen receptor regulates the recruitment of prostate cancer cells to the bone microenvironment, even bone metastases, through exosomes. Here, we found that exosomes isolated from PCa cells after knocking down androgen receptor (AR) or enzalutamide treatment can facilitate the migration of prostate cancer cells to osteoblasts. In addition, AR silencing or treatment with the AR antagonist enzalutamide may increase the expression of circular RNA-deoxyhypusine synthase (circ-DHPS) in PCa cells, which can be transported to osteoblasts by exosomes. Circ-DHPS acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) against endogenous miR-214-3p to promote C-C chemokine ligand 5 ( CCL5 ) levels in osteoblasts. Increasing the level of CCL5 in osteoblasts could recruit more PCa cells into the bone microenvironment. Thus, blocking the circ-DHPS/miR-214-3p/CCL5 signal may decrease exosome-mediated migration of prostate cancer cells to osteoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Tian-Jie Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yu-Le Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yi-Zeng Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Zi-Xi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xin-Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Jun Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Toyofuku T, Ishikawa T, Nojima S, Kumanogoh A. Efficacy against Lung Cancer Is Augmented by Combining Aberrantly N-Glycosylated T Cells with a Chimeric Antigen Receptor Targeting Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 Neighbor. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:917-927. [PMID: 38214607 PMCID: PMC10876419 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The adaptive transfer of T cells redirected to cancer cells via chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) has produced clinical benefits for the treatment of hematologic diseases. To extend this approach to solid cancer, we screened CARs targeting surface Ags on human lung cancer cells using (to our knowledge) novel expression cloning based on the Ag receptor-induced transcriptional activation of IL-2. Isolated CARs were directed against fragile X mental retardation 1 neighbor (FMR1NB), a cancer-testis Ag that is expressed by malignant cells and adult testicular germ cells. Anti-FMR1NB CAR human T cells demonstrated target-specific cytotoxicity and successfully controlled tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of lung cancer. Furthermore, to protect CAR T cells from immune-inhibitory molecules, which are present in the tumor microenvironment, we introduced anti-FMR1NB CARs into 2-deoxy-glucose (2DG)-treated human T cells. These cells exhibited reduced binding affinity to immune-inhibitory molecules, and the suppressive effects of these molecules were resisted through blockade of the N-glycosylation of their receptors. Anti-FMR1NB CARs in 2DG-treated human T cells augmented target-specific cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our findings demonstrated the feasibility of eradicating lung cancer cells using 2DG-treated human T cells, which are able to direct tumor-specific FMR1NB via CARs and survive in the suppressive tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Toyofuku
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Ishikawa
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guan X, Xing S, Liu Y. Engineered Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:413. [PMID: 38470744 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent strides in nanomaterials science have paved the way for the creation of reliable, effective, highly accurate, and user-friendly biomedical systems. Pioneering the integration of natural cell membranes into sophisticated nanocarrier architectures, cell membrane camouflage has emerged as a transformative approach for regulated drug delivery, offering the benefits of minimal immunogenicity coupled with active targeting capabilities. Nevertheless, the utility of nanomaterials with such camouflage is curtailed by challenges like suboptimal targeting precision and lackluster therapeutic efficacy. Tailored cell membrane engineering stands at the forefront of biomedicine, equipping nanoplatforms with the capacity to conduct more complex operations. This review commences with an examination of prevailing methodologies in cell membrane engineering, spotlighting strategies such as direct chemical modification, lipid insertion, membrane hybridization, metabolic glycan labeling, and genetic engineering. Following this, an evaluation of the unique attributes of various nanomaterials is presented, delivering an in-depth scrutiny of the substantial advancements and applications driven by cutting-edge engineered cell membrane camouflage. The discourse culminates by recapitulating the salient influence of engineered cell membrane camouflage within nanomaterial applications and prognosticates its seminal role in transformative healthcare technologies. It is envisaged that the insights offered herein will catalyze novel avenues for the innovation and refinement of engineered cell membrane camouflaged nanotechnologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Kay Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Simin Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Kay Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Kay Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Song X, Xu Z, Lv X, Long Y, Lan X, Lei P. Construction of truncated PSMA as a PET reporter gene for CAR T cell trafficking. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:476-482. [PMID: 37943840 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In solid tumors, there are multiple barriers for a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell to surmount in order to reach the tumor site. For better understanding whether CAR T cells effectively infiltrate into tumor site, and simultaneously, whether there are off-target effects, real-time monitoring technologies need to be established. Cell-based positron emission tomography reporter genes have been developed to monitor engineered cells in living subjects. In this study, we reported the construction of a novel reporter gene truncated prostate-specific membrane antigen (ΔPSMA) pending for monitoring CAR T cells using 68Ga-PSMA-617 and a method for tracking the distribution of CAR T cells in vivo was developed. Data were provided to demonstrate that ΔPSMA was predominantly localized on the plasma membrane and could take up 68Ga-PSMA-617 in vitro in a time-dependent manner. And the expression of ΔPSMA did not affect CAR expression and cytolytic capacity of CAR T cells. CAR-ΔPSMA T cell xenografts in nude mice were clearly imaged by positron emission tomography 60 min after injection of 68Ga-PSMA-617. PSMA paired with 68Ga-PSMA-617 was capable of identifying approximately 1 × 104 engineered CAR T cells. The ability to image small numbers of CAR T cells in vivo would be helpful to accelerate the translation of cell-based therapies into the clinic, and it may reinforce our understanding of treatment success, failure, and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiangming Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhuoshuo Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoying Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kagoya Y. Cytokine signaling in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Int Immunol 2024; 36:49-56. [PMID: 37591521 PMCID: PMC10872714 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen-receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells can induce robust antitumor responses against hematologic malignancies. However, its efficacy is not durable in the majority of the patients, warranting further improvement of T-cell functions. Cytokine signaling is one of the key cascades regulating T-cell survival and effector functions. In addition to cytokines that use the common γ chain as a receptor subunit, multiple cytokines regulate T-cell functions directly or indirectly. Modulating cytokine signaling in CAR-T cells by genetic engineering is one promising strategy to augment their therapeutic efficacy. These strategies include ectopic expression of cytokines, cytokine receptors, and synthetic molecules that mimic endogenous cytokine signaling. Alternatively, autocrine IL-2 signaling can be augmented through reprogramming of CAR-T cell properties through transcriptional and epigenetic modification. On the other hand, cytokine production by CAR-T cells triggers systemic inflammatory responses, which mainly manifest as adverse events such as cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. In addition to inhibiting direct inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and IL-1 released from activated macrophages, suppression of T-cell-derived cytokines associated with the priming of macrophages can be accomplished through genetic modification of CAR-T cells. In this review, I will outline recently developed synthetic biology approaches to exploit cytokine signaling to enhance CAR-T cell functions. I will also discuss therapeutic target molecules to prevent or alleviate CAR-T cell-related toxicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kagoya
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ho M, Zanwar S, Paludo J. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in hematologic malignancies: Successes, challenges, and opportunities. Eur J Haematol 2024; 112:197-210. [PMID: 37545132 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The success of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in hematologic malignancies has realized a longstanding effort toward harnessing the immune system to fight cancer in a truly personalized fashion. Second generation chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) incorporating co-stimulatory molecules like 4-1BB or CD28 were able to overcome some of the hindrances with initial CAR constructs resulting in efficacious products. Many second-generation CAR-T products have been approved in the treatment of relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, challenges remain in optimizing the manufacturing, timely access, limiting the toxicity from CAR-T infusions and improving sustainability of responses derived with CAR-T therapy. Here, we summarize the clinical trial data leading to approval CAR-T therapies in MM and NHL, discuss the limitations with current CAR-T therapy strategies and review emerging strategies for overcoming these limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Saurabh Zanwar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonas Paludo
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu T, Shi Y, Wang M, Liu W, Cao Y, Shi L, Ma Q, Liu S. CCR5 promoter polymorphisms associated with nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int J Immunogenet 2024; 51:10-19. [PMID: 37962280 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune cell activation and migration as well as the progression of many cancers. We performed an in silico analysis using public data resources and found that the lung cancer patients with higher CCR5 expression had a notably better overall survival than those with lower CCR5 expression patients and CCR5 expression level is positive correlated with the infiltration of immune cells, such as B, CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells, in both lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell cancer. In the present study, we investigated the association between the promoter polymorphism of CCR5 and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A case-control study of 449 NSCLC patients and 516 controls of Chinese Han population was conducted, along with polymorphism detection using a sequencing method. A dual-luciferase reporter assay system was used to analyse the transcriptional activity of CCR5 promoter variations. Our results showed that the frequency of rs1799987-AA was significantly higher in the NSCLC group than in the controls in recessive model (p = .007, OR = 1.66 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-2.40, adjusted by sex and age); the G allele showed a significant associated with NSCLC in dominant model (p = .003, OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.18-2.28, adjusted by sex and age). Compared with haplotype H1 rs2227010-rs2734648-rs1799987-rs1799988-rs1800023-rs1800024: A-T-G-T-G-C, haplotype H5: A-G-G-T-G-C increased the risk of NSCLC by over 10-fold (p < .0001, OR = 16.09, 95%CI: 5.37-48.20, adjusted by sex and age) and notably depressed the transcriptional activity of the CCR5 promoter in 293T, A549, H1299 and HeLa cells. In conclusion, CCR5 promoter polymorphisms are significantly associated with NSCLC by affecting the transcriptional activity of the CCR5 promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianchang Lu
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yuhan Shi
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology of Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Minyi Wang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vianzon VV, Hanson RM, Garg I, Joseph GJ, Rogers LM. Rank aggregation of independent genetic screen results highlights new strategies for adoptive cellular transfer therapy of cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235131. [PMID: 38143765 PMCID: PMC10748423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient intratumoral infiltration of adoptively transferred cells is a significant barrier to effectively treating solid tumors with adoptive cellular transfer (ACT) therapies. Our recent forward genetic, whole-genome screen identified T cell-intrinsic gene candidates that may improve tumor infiltration of T cells. Here, results are combined with five independent genetic screens using rank aggregation to improve rigor. This resulted in a combined total of 1,523 candidate genes - including 1,464 genes not currently being evaluated as therapeutic targets - that may improve tumor infiltration of T cells. Gene set enrichment analysis of a published human dataset shows that these gene candidates are differentially expressed in tumor infiltrating compared to circulating T cells, supporting translational potential. Importantly, adoptive transfer of T cells overexpressing gain-of-function candidates (AAK1ΔN125, SPRR1B, and EHHADH) into tumor-bearing mice resulted in increased T cell infiltration into tumors. These novel gene candidates may be considered as potential therapeutic candidates that can aid adoptive cellular therapy in improving T cell infiltration into solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laura M. Rogers
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang H, Yao L, Wang Y, Chen G, Chen H. Advancing cell surface modification in mammalian cells with synthetic molecules. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13325-13345. [PMID: 38033886 PMCID: PMC10685406 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological cells, being the fundamental entities of life, are widely acknowledged as intricate living machines. The manipulation of cell surfaces has emerged as a progressively significant domain of investigation and advancement in recent times. Particularly, the alteration of cell surfaces using meticulously crafted and thoroughly characterized synthesized molecules has proven to be an efficacious means of introducing innovative functionalities or manipulating cells. Within this realm, a diverse array of elegant and robust strategies have been recently devised, including the bioorthogonal strategy, which enables selective modification. This review offers a comprehensive survey of recent advancements in the modification of mammalian cell surfaces through the use of synthetic molecules. It explores a range of strategies, encompassing chemical covalent modifications, physical alterations, and bioorthogonal approaches. The review concludes by addressing the present challenges and potential future opportunities in this rapidly expanding field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Lihua Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University Suzhou 215006 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen G, Kong D, Lin Y. Neo-Antigen-Reactive T Cells Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A More Personalized Cancer Therapy Approach. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200186. [PMID: 37970536 PMCID: PMC10632666 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignancy in women and the third most frequent cancer in men. Evidence has revealed that the survival of patients with metastatic CRC is very low, between one and three years. Neoantigens are known proteins encoded by mutations in tumor cells. It is theorized that recognizing neoantigens by T cells leads to T cell activation and further antitumor responses. Neoantigen-reactive T cells (NRTs) are designed against the mentioned neoantigens expressed by tumor cells. NRTs selectively kill tumor cells without damage to non-cancerous cells. Identifying patient-specific and high immunogen neoantigens is important in NRT immunotherapy of patients with CRC. However, the main challenges are the side effects and preparation of NRTs, as well as the effectiveness of these cells in vivo. This review summarized the properties of neoantigens as well as the preparation and therapeutic outcomes of NRTs for the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan‐Liang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing312000China
| | - De‐Xia Kong
- Center for General Practice MedicineDepartment of GastroenterologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeNo. 158 Shangtang RoadHangzhouZhejiang310014China
| | - Yan Lin
- Center for General Practice MedicineDepartment of GastroenterologyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeNo. 158 Shangtang RoadHangzhouZhejiang310014China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rios X, Pardias O, Morales MA, Bhattacharya P, Chen Y, Guo L, Zhang C, Di Pierro EJ, Tian G, Barragan GA, Sumazin P, Metelitsa LS. Refining chimeric antigen receptors via barcoded protein domain combination pooled screening. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3210-3224. [PMID: 37705245 PMCID: PMC10638030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells represent a promising frontier in cancer immunotherapy. However, the current process for developing new CAR constructs is time consuming and inefficient. To address this challenge and expedite the evaluation and comparison of full-length CAR designs, we have devised a novel cloning strategy. This strategy involves the sequential assembly of individual CAR domains using blunt ligation, with each domain being assigned a unique DNA barcode. Applying this method, we successfully generated 360 CAR constructs that specifically target clinically validated tumor antigens CD19 and GD2. By quantifying changes in barcode frequencies through next-generation sequencing, we characterize CARs that best mediate proliferation and expansion of transduced T cells. The screening revealed a crucial role for the hinge domain in CAR functionality, with CD8a and IgG4 hinges having opposite effects in the surface expression, cytokine production, and antitumor activity in CD19- versus GD2-based CARs. Importantly, we discovered two novel CD19-CAR architectures containing the IgG4 hinge domain that mediate superior in vivo antitumor activity compared with the construct used in Kymriah, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapy. This novel screening approach represents a major advance in CAR engineering, enabling accelerated development of cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rios
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Osmay Pardias
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marc A Morales
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pradyot Bhattacharya
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yibin Chen
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linjie Guo
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunchao Zhang
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica J Di Pierro
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gengwen Tian
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel A Barragan
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou Y, Mu W, Wang C, Zhuo Z, Xin Y, Li H, Wang C. Ray of dawn: Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy enhances the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in Lymphoma patients. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1019. [PMID: 37872514 PMCID: PMC10591343 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, a new adoptive cell therapy, has been widely used to treat lymphoma patients. Immune checkpoint blockade may improve the cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells by reducing the failure of CAR-T cells and improving antitumor activity. It has shown promising efficacy. METHOD We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science from January 2012 to August 2022 to find data reporting the results of CAR-T cells therapy combined with PD-1 in tumor patients. An updated search was conducted in October 2023. The partial response rate (PR), complete response rate (CR), objective response rate (ORR), mortality rate, and incidence of adverse reactions were calculated. RESULTS We analyzed 57 lymphoma patients from 5 clinical trials. The pooled partial, complete and overall response rates were 21% (95% CI 0.06-0.39, I2 = 0.37%), 27% (95% CI 0.03-0.60, I2 = 60.43%) and 65% (95% CI 0.23-0.98, I2 = 76.31%), respectively. The pooled incidence of cytokine release syndrome, neutropenia, fever, and fatigue was estimated to be 57% (95% CI 0.08-0.99, I2 = 85.20%), 47% (95% CI 0.14-0.81, I2 = 74.17%), 59% (95% CI 0.27-0.89, I2 = 60.23%), and 50% (95% CI 0.13-0.87, I2 = 73.89%), respectively. CONCLUSION CAR-T-cell therapy combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in the treatment of lymphoma patients has efficacy, and the most common adverse effect is fever. REGISTRATION The protocol was registered in prospero, with the registration number CRD42022342647.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Wenjing Mu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou Province, 510280, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Digestive medicine center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518017, China
| | - Zipeng Zhuo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Hongxu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Changsong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Almaeen AH, Abouelkheir M. CAR T-Cells in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Current Status and Future Prospects. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2693. [PMID: 37893067 PMCID: PMC10604728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently available treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is mainly dependent on the combination of chemotherapy, steroids, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, refractoriness and relapse (R/R) after initial complete remission may reach up to 20% in pediatrics. This percentage may even reach 60% in adults. To overcome R/R, a new therapeutic approach was developed using what is called chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T-cell therapy. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States has so far approved four CAR T-cells for the treatment of ALL. Using this new therapeutic strategy has shown a remarkable success in treating R/R ALL. However, the use of CAR T-cells is expensive, has many imitations, and is associated with some adverse effects. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) are two common examples of these adverse effects. Moreover, R/R to CAR T-cell therapy can take place during treatment. Continuous development of this therapeutic strategy is ongoing to overcome these limitations and adverse effects. The present article overviews the use of CAR T-cell in the treatment of ALL, summarizing the results of relevant clinical trials and discussing future prospects intended to improve the efficacy of this therapeutic strategy and overcome its limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman H. Almaeen
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Division, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Abouelkheir
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li WS, Zhang QQ, Li Q, Liu SY, Yuan GQ, Pan YW. Innate immune response restarts adaptive immune response in tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260705. [PMID: 37781382 PMCID: PMC10538570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of immune response plays a crucial role in the development of diseases, including glioblastoma. It is essential to comprehend how the innate immune system detects tumors and pathogens. Endosomal and cytoplasmic sensors can identify diverse cancer cell antigens, triggering the production of type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This, in turn, stimulates interferon stimulating genes, enhancing the presentation of cancer antigens, and promoting T cell recognition and destruction of cancer cells. While RNA and DNA sensing of tumors and pathogens typically involve different receptors and adapters, their interaction can activate adaptive immune response mechanisms. This review highlights the similarity in RNA and DNA sensing mechanisms in the innate immunity of both tumors and pathogens. The aim is to enhance the anti-tumor innate immune response, identify regions of the tumor that are not responsive to treatment, and explore new targets to improve the response to conventional tumor therapy and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-shan Li
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qing-qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qiao Li
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shang-yu Liu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guo-qiang Yuan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ya-wen Pan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Righi M, Gannon I, Robson M, Srivastava S, Kokalaki E, Grothier T, Nannini F, Allen C, Bai YV, Sillibourne J, Cordoba S, Thomas S, Pule M. Enhancing CAR T-cell Therapy Using Fab-Based Constitutively Heterodimeric Cytokine Receptors. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1203-1221. [PMID: 37352396 PMCID: PMC10472109 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell therapy aims to achieve lasting tumor clearance, requiring enhanced engraftment and survival of the immune cells. Cytokines are paramount modulators of T-cell survival and proliferation. Cytokine receptors signal via ligand-induced dimerization, and this principle has been hijacked utilizing nonnative dimerization domains. A major limitation of current technologies resides in the absence of a module that recapitulates the natural cytokine receptor heterodimeric pairing. To circumvent this, we created a new engineered cytokine receptor able to constitutively recreate receptor-heterodimer utilizing the heterodimerization domain derived from the IgG1 antibody (dFab_CCR). We found that the signal delivered by the dFab_CCR-IL2 proficiently mimicked the cytokine receptor heterodimerization, with transcriptomic signatures like those obtained by activation of the native IL2 receptor. Moreover, we found that this dimerization structure was agnostic, efficiently activating signaling through four cytokine receptor families. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro screening approaches, we characterized a library of 18 dFab_CCRs coexpressed with a clinically relevant solid tumor-specific GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Based on this characterization, we suggest that the coexpression of either the common β-chain GMCSF or the IL18 dFab_CCRs is optimal to improve CAR T-cell expansion, engraftment, and efficacy. Our results demonstrate how Fab dimerization is efficient and versatile in recapitulating a cytokine receptor heterodimerization signal. This module could be applied for the enhancement of adoptive T-cell therapies, as well as therapies based on other immune cell types. Furthermore, these results provide a choice of cytokine signal to incorporate with adoptive T-cell therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Nannini
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Pule
- Autolus Therapeutics, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Du S, Yan J, Xue Y, Zhong Y, Dong Y. Adoptive cell therapy for cancer treatment. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210058. [PMID: 37933232 PMCID: PMC10624386 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a rapidly growing anti-cancer strategy that has shown promise in treating various cancer types. The concept of ACT involves activating patients' own immune cells ex vivo and then transferring them back to the patients to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Currently, the commonly used ACT includes tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), genetically engineered immune cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) vaccines. With the advancement of cell culture and genetic engineering techniques, ACT has been used in clinics to treat malignant hematological diseases and many new ACT-based regimens are in different stages of clinical trials. Here, representative ACT approaches are introduced and the opportunities and challenges for clinical translation of ACT are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Du
- Division of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyOhio State UniversityColumbusUSA
- Icahn Genomics InstitutePrecision Immunology InstituteDepartment of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer InstituteFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
| | - Jingyue Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyOhio State UniversityColumbusUSA
- Icahn Genomics InstitutePrecision Immunology InstituteDepartment of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer InstituteFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
| | - Yonger Xue
- Division of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyOhio State UniversityColumbusUSA
- Icahn Genomics InstitutePrecision Immunology InstituteDepartment of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer InstituteFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
| | - Yichen Zhong
- Division of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyOhio State UniversityColumbusUSA
- Icahn Genomics InstitutePrecision Immunology InstituteDepartment of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer InstituteFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics and PharmacologyCollege of PharmacyOhio State UniversityColumbusUSA
- Icahn Genomics InstitutePrecision Immunology InstituteDepartment of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer InstituteFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Soto-Castillo JJ, Llavata-Marti L, Fort-Culillas R, Andreu-Cobo P, Moreno R, Codony C, García Del Muro X, Alemany R, Piulats JM, Martin-Liberal J. SWI/SNF Complex Alterations in Tumors with Rhabdoid Features: Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Opportunities for Adoptive Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11143. [PMID: 37446319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complex is one of the most remarkably altered epigenetic regulators in cancer. Pathogenic mutations in genes encoding SWI/SNF-related proteins have been recently described in many solid tumors, including rare and aggressive malignancies with rhabdoid features with no standard therapies in advanced or metastatic settings. In recent years, clinical trials with targeted drugs aimed at restoring its function have shown discouraging results. However, preclinical data have found an association between these epigenetic alterations and response to immune therapy. Thus, the rationale for immunotherapy strategies in SWI/SNF complex alteration-related tumors is strong. Here, we review the SWI/SNF complex and how its dysfunction drives the oncogenesis of rhabdoid tumors and the proposed strategies to revert this alteration and promising novel therapeutic approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibition and adoptive cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Soto-Castillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lucía Llavata-Marti
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Roser Fort-Culillas
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Pablo Andreu-Cobo
- Medical Oncology Department, Parc Tauli Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carles Codony
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier García Del Muro
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Juan Martin-Liberal
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang J, Metheny L. Umbilical cord blood derived cellular therapy: advances in clinical development. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1167266. [PMID: 37274288 PMCID: PMC10232824 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1167266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While cord blood (CB) is primarily utilized in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), the development of novel cell therapy products from CB is a growing and developing field. Compared to adult blood, CB is characterized by a higher percentage of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells, less mature immune cells that retain a high capacity of proliferation, and stronger immune tolerance that requires less stringent HLA-matching when used in the allogenic setting. Given that CB is an FDA regulated product and along with its unique cellular composition, CB lends itself as a readily available and safe starting material for the development of off-the-shelf cell therapies. Moreover, non-hematologic cells such as mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) residing in CB or CB tissue also have potential in regenerative medicine and inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. In this review, we will focus on recent clinical development on CB-derived cellular therapies in the field of oncology, including T-cell therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, regulatory T-cells, and virus-specific T-cells; NK-cell therapies, such as NK cell engagers and CAR NK-cells; CB-HCT and various modifications; as well as applications of MSCs in HCT.
Collapse
|
26
|
Si W, Fan YY, Qiu SZ, Li X, Wu EY, Ju JQ, Huang W, Wang HP, Wei P. Design of diversified chimeric antigen receptors through rational module recombination. iScience 2023; 26:106529. [PMID: 37102149 PMCID: PMC10123334 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have shown great promise in cancer therapy. However, the anti-tumor efficiency is limited due to the CAR-induced T cell apoptosis or exhaustion. The intracellular domain of CAR comprised of various signaling modules orchestrates CAR-T cell behaviors. The modularity of CAR signaling domain functions as the "mainboard" to assemble diversified downstream signaling components. Here, we implemented the modular recombination strategy to construct a library of CARs with synthetic co-signaling modules adopted from immunoglobin-like superfamily (IgSF) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). We quantitatively characterized the signaling behaviors of these recombinants by both NFAT and NF-κB reporter, and identified a set of new CARs with diverse signaling behaviors. Specifically, the 28(NM)-BB(MC) CAR-T cells exhibited improved cytotoxicity and T cell persistence. The synthetic approach can promote our understanding of the signaling principles of CAR molecule, and provide a powerful tool box for CAR-T cell engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Si
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying-Ying Fan
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shi-Zhen Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Er-Yi Wu
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian-Qi Ju
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao-Peng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ornella MSC, Badrinath N, Kim KA, Kim JH, Cho E, Hwang TH, Kim JJ. Immunotherapy for Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Challenges and Prospective Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082383. [PMID: 37190310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis, also known as peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), is a refractory cancer that is typically resistant to conventional therapies. The typical treatment for PC is a combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Recently, research in this area has seen significant advances, particularly in immunotherapy as an alternative therapy for PC, which is very encouraging. Catumaxomab is a trifunctional antibody intraperitoneal (IP) immunotherapy authorized in Europe that can be used to diminish malignant ascites by targeting EpCAM. Intraperitoneal (IP) immunotherapy breaks immunological tolerance to treat peritoneal illness. Increasing T-cell responses and vaccination against tumor-associated antigens are two methods of treatment. CAR-T cells, vaccine-based therapeutics, dendritic cells (DCs) in combination with pro-inflammatory cytokines and NKs, adoptive cell transfer, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are promising treatments for PC. Carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing tumors are suppressed by IP administration of CAR-T cells. This reaction was strengthened by anti-PD-L1 or anti-Gr1. When paired with CD137 co-stimulatory signaling, CAR-T cells for folate receptor cancers made it easier for T-cell tumors to find their way to and stay alive in the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mefotse Saha Cyrelle Ornella
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Bionoxx Inc., Parkview Tower #1905, 248 Jeongjail-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13554, Republic of Korea
| | - Narayanasamy Badrinath
- Bionoxx Inc., Parkview Tower #1905, 248 Jeongjail-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13554, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ae Kim
- Bionoxx Inc., Parkview Tower #1905, 248 Jeongjail-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Bionoxx Inc., Parkview Tower #1905, 248 Jeongjail-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13554, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna Cho
- Bionoxx Inc., Parkview Tower #1905, 248 Jeongjail-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13554, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Bionoxx Inc., Parkview Tower #1905, 248 Jeongjail-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Kim
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Albarrán V, Villamayor ML, Pozas J, Chamorro J, Rosero DI, San Román M, Guerrero P, Pérez de Aguado P, Calvo JC, García de Quevedo C, González C, Vaz MÁ. Current Landscape of Immunotherapy for Advanced Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2287. [PMID: 37190214 PMCID: PMC10136499 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is substantial heterogeneity between different subtypes of sarcoma regarding their biological behavior and microenvironment, which impacts their responsiveness to immunotherapy. Alveolar soft-part sarcoma, synovial sarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma show higher immunogenicity and better responses to checkpoint inhibitors. Combination strategies adding immunotherapy to chemotherapy and/or tyrosine-kinase inhibitors globally seem superior to single-agent schemes. Therapeutic vaccines and different forms of adoptive cell therapy, mainly engineered TCRs, CAR-T cells and TIL therapy, are emerging as new forms of immunotherapy for advanced solid tumors. Tumor lymphocytic infiltration and other prognostic and predictive biomarkers are under research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Albarrán
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ruixin S, Yifan L, Chuanlong W, Min Z, Hong L, Guoxiu D, Zhengyang L, Yansha S, Yiwei D, Jingwen S, Mingliang F, Bizhi S, Hua J, Zonghai L. Expressing IL-15/IL-18 and CXCR2 improve infiltration and survival of EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells in breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115536. [PMID: 37028461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have generated EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells and brought hope for treating advanced breast cancer. However, EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells were defined limited anti-tumor efficacy, which might be due to reduced accumulation, persistence of therapeutic T cells in tumor site of breast cancer. CXCLs were highly expressed in tumor environment of breast cancer and CXCR2 is the main receptor for CXCLs. Here, CXCR2 could significantly improve the trafficking and tumor specific accumulation of CAR-T cells both in vivo and in vitro. However, the anti-tumor effect of CXCR2 CAR-T cells were weaken which might be results of the apoptosis of T cells. Cytokines could stimulate Tcell proliferation, such as interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-18. Then, we generated CXCR2 CAR with synthetic IL-15 or IL-18 production. Co-expressing IL-15 or IL-18 could significantly suppress the exhaustion and apoptosis of T cells and enhanced the anti-tumor activity of CXCR2 CAR-T cells in vivo. Further, coexpression IL-15 or IL-18 in CXCR2 CAR-T cells did not cause toxicity. These findings provide a potential therapy strategy of co-expression IL-15 or IL-18 in CXCR2 CAR-T cells for the treatment of advancing breast cancer in the future.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen Y, Zhu Y, Kramer A, Fang Y, Wilson M, Li YR, Yang L. Genetic engineering strategies to enhance antitumor reactivity and reduce alloreactivity for allogeneic cell-based cancer therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1135468. [PMID: 37064017 PMCID: PMC10090359 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1135468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The realm of cell-based immunotherapy holds untapped potential for the development of next-generation cancer treatment through genetic engineering of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cell therapies for targeted eradication of cancerous malignancies. Such allogeneic "off-the-shelf" cell products can be advantageously manufactured in large quantities, stored for extended periods, and easily distributed to treat an exponential number of cancer patients. At current, patient risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and host-versus-graft (HvG) allorejection severely restrict the development of allogeneic CAR-T cell products. To address these limitations, a variety of genetic engineering strategies have been implemented to enhance antitumor efficacy, reduce GvHD and HvG onset, and improve the overall safety profile of T-cell based immunotherapies. In this review, we summarize these genetic engineering strategies and discuss the challenges and prospects these approaches provide to expedite progression of translational and clinical studies for adoption of a universal cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yichen Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Luksik AS, Yazigi E, Shah P, Jackson CM. CAR T Cell Therapy in Glioblastoma: Overcoming Challenges Related to Antigen Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051414. [PMID: 36900205 PMCID: PMC10000604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor, yet prognosis remains dismal with current treatment. Immunotherapeutic strategies have had limited effectiveness to date in GBM, but recent advances hold promise. One such immunotherapeutic advance is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, where autologous T cells are extracted and engineered to express a specific receptor against a GBM antigen and are then infused back into the patient. There have been numerous preclinical studies showing promising results, and several of these CAR T cell therapies are being tested in clinical trials for GBM and other brain cancers. While results in tumors such as lymphomas and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas have been encouraging, early results in GBM have not shown clinical benefit. Potential reasons for this are the limited number of specific antigens in GBM, their heterogenous expression, and their loss after initiating antigen-specific therapy due to immunoediting. Here, we review the current preclinical and clinical experiences with CAR T cell therapy in GBM and potential strategies to develop more effective CAR T cells for this indication.
Collapse
|
32
|
Sawaisorn P, Atjanasuppat K, Uaesoontrachoon K, Rattananon P, Treesuppharat W, Hongeng S, Anurathapan U. Comparison of the efficacy of second and third generation lentiviral vector transduced CAR CD19 T cells for use in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia both in vitro and in vivo models. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281735. [PMID: 36780428 PMCID: PMC9925013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specifically binding to a CD19 antigen has become the frontline of hematological malignancies immunotherapy. Their remarkable antitumor effect has exerted complete remission in treating B-cell malignancies. Although successful patient treatment has been shown, improvement to the structure of CAR to enhance its safety and efficacy profile is warranted. Transduction with a lentiviral vector (LVV) leading to the expression of CARs is also a critical step in redirecting T cells to target specific tumor antigens. To improve the efficacy of CD19 CARs in this study, the transduction ability of second and third generations LVV were compared. Ex vivo expansion of CD19 CARs T cells from healthy donors' peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed after transduction of T cells with second and third generations LVV. Transduction efficacy of transduced T cells was determined to show a higher percentage in the third generations LVV transduced cells, with no changes in viability and identity of cells characterized by immunophenotyping. Testing the cytotoxic capacity of third generations LVV-transduced T cells against target cells showed higher reactivity against control cells. Cytokine expression was detected on the CD19 CARs T cells, suggesting that these cells limit in vitro growth of B-cell leukemia via secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN γ. To investigate whether the third generation LVV transduced T cells can limit CD19 lymphoma growth in vivo, an analysis of tumor burden in a mouse model assessed by bioluminescence imaging was performed. We found that, in the presence of CD19 CARs T cells, the level of tumor burden was markedly reduced. In addition, an increase in the length of survival in mice receiving CAR-CD19 T cells was also observed. This suggests that transduction with third generations LVV generate a functional CAR-CD19 T cells, which may provide a safer and effective therapy for B-cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piamsiri Sawaisorn
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Korakot Atjanasuppat
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Worapapar Treesuppharat
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Mechanisms of Drug Action and Molecular Imaging, Drug Discovery and Development Center, Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Usanarat Anurathapan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Y, Li Z, Mo F, Chen-Mayfield TJ, Saini A, LaMere AM, Hu Q. Chemically engineering cells for precision medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1068-1102. [PMID: 36633324 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00142j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy holds great potential to address unmet medical needs and revolutionize the healthcare industry, as demonstrated by several therapeutics such as CAR-T cell therapy and stem cell transplantation that have achieved great success clinically. Nevertheless, natural cells are often restricted by their unsatisfactory in vivo trafficking and lack of therapeutic payloads. Chemical engineering offers a cost-effective, easy-to-implement engineering tool that allows for strengthening the inherent favorable features of cells and confers them new functionalities. Moreover, in accordance with the trend of precision medicine, leveraging chemical engineering tools to tailor cells to accommodate patients individual needs has become important for the development of cell-based treatment modalities. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the currently available chemically engineered tools, introduces their application in advanced diagnosis and precision therapy, and discusses the current challenges and future opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA. .,Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zhaoting Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA. .,Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Fanyi Mo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Ting-Jing Chen-Mayfield
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Aryan Saini
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Afton Martin LaMere
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA. .,Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Laface C, Ranieri G, Maselli FM, Ambrogio F, Foti C, Ammendola M, Laterza M, Cazzato G, Memeo R, Mastrandrea G, Lioce M, Fedele P. Immunotherapy and the Combination with Targeted Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:654. [PMID: 36765612 PMCID: PMC9913568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important abilities of a tumor is to establish a state of immunosuppression inside the tumor microenvironment. This is made possible through numerous mechanisms of tumor immune escape that have been identified in experimental studies during the last decades. In addition, the hepatic microenvironment is commonly oriented towards a state of immune tolerance because the liver receives blood from the hepatic arteries and portal veins containing a variety of endogenous antigens. Therefore, the hepatic microenvironment establishes an autoimmune tolerance, preventing an autoimmune reaction in the liver. On this basis, hepatic tumor cells may escape the immune system, avoiding being recognized and destroyed by immune cells. Moreover, since the etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is often related to cirrhosis, and hepatitis B or C, this tumor develops in the context of chronic inflammation. Thus, the HCC microenvironment is characterized by important immune cell infiltration. Given these data and the poor prognosis of advanced HCC, different immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed and evaluated for these patients. In this review, we describe all the clinical applications of immunotherapy for advanced HCC, from the drugs that have already been approved to the ongoing clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Laface
- Medical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, 72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Ambrogio
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Foti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Ammendola
- Department of Health Science, General Surgery, Medicine School of Germaneto, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marigia Laterza
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Memeo
- Unit of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, “F. Miulli” General Regional Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva Delle Fonti, Italy
| | | | - Marco Lioce
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Palma Fedele
- Medical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, 72021 Francavilla Fontana, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Duan Y, Chen J, Meng X, Liu L, Shang K, Wu X, Wang Y, Huang Z, Liu H, Huang Y, Zhou C, Gao X, Wang Y, Sun J. Balancing activation and co-stimulation of CAR tunes signaling dynamics and enhances therapeutic potency. Mol Ther 2023; 31:35-47. [PMID: 36045585 PMCID: PMC9840118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) with CD28 and CD3ζ signaling domains have been approved by the US FDA for treating B cell malignancies. Mutation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in CD3ζ generated a single-ITAM containing 1XX CAR, which displayed superior antitumor activity in a leukemia mouse model. Here, we investigated whether the 1XX design could enhance therapeutic potency against solid tumors. We constructed both CD19- and AXL-specific 1XX CARs and compared their in vitro and in vivo functions with their wild-type (WT) counterparts. 1XX CARs showed better antitumor efficacy in both pancreatic and melanoma mouse models. Detailed analysis revealed that 1XX CAR-T cells persisted longer in vivo and had a higher percentage of central memory cells. With fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors, we found that decreased ITAM numbers in 1XX resulted in similar 70-kDa zeta chain-associated protein (ZAP70) activation, while 1XX induced higher Ca2+ elevation and faster extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activation than WT CAR. Thus, our results confirmed the superiority of 1XX against two targets in different solid tumor models and shed light on the underlying molecular mechanism of CAR signaling, paving the way for the clinical applications of 1XX CARs against solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Duan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiangqing Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianhui Meng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longwei Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kai Shang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zihan Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Houyu Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanjie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang M, Yu L, Sun Y, Hao L, Bai J, Yuan X, Wu R, Hong M, Liu P, Duan X, Wang C. Comprehensive Analysis of FASN in Tumor Immune Infiltration and Prognostic Value for Immunotherapy and Promoter DNA Methylation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15603. [PMID: 36555243 PMCID: PMC9779179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) promotes tumor progression in multiple cancers. In this study, we comprehensively examined the expression, prognostic significance, and promoter methylation of FASN, and its correlation with immune cell infiltration in pan-cancer. Our results demonstrated that elevated FASN expression was significantly associated with an unfavorable prognosis in many cancer types. Furthermore, FASN promoter DNA methylation can be used as a tumor prognosis marker. Importantly, high levels of FASN were significantly negatively correlated with tumor immune infiltration in 35 different cancers. Additionally, FASN was significantly associated with tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in multiple malignancies, suggesting that it may be essential for tumor immunity. We also investigated the effects of FASN expression on immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis. In up to 15 tumors, it was significantly negatively correlated with immunotherapy-related genes, such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. Moreover, we found that tumors with high FASN expression may be more sensitive to immunotherapy and have a good prognosis with PD-L1 treatment. Finally, we confirmed the tumor-suppressive effect of mir-195-5p through FASN. Altogether, our results suggested that FASN may serve as a novel prognostic indicator and immunotherapeutic target in various malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Changshan Wang
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Allen GM, Lim WA. Rethinking cancer targeting strategies in the era of smart cell therapeutics. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:693-702. [PMID: 36175644 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past several decades, the development of cancer therapeutics has largely focused on precision targeting of single cancer-associated molecules. Despite great advances, such targeted therapies still show incomplete precision and the eventual development of resistance due to target heterogeneity or mutation. However, the recent development of cell-based therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells presents a revolutionary opportunity to reframe strategies for targeting cancers. Immune cells equipped with synthetic circuits are essentially living computers that can be programmed to recognize tumours based on multiple signals, including both tumour cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental. Moreover, cells can be programmed to launch broad but highly localized therapeutic responses that can limit the potential for escape while still maintaining high precision. Although these emerging smart cell engineering capabilities have yet to be fully implemented in the clinic, we argue here that they will become much more powerful when combined with machine learning analysis of genomic data, which can guide the design of therapeutic recognition programs that are the most discriminatory and actionable. The merging of cancer analytics and synthetic biology could lead to nuanced paradigms of tumour recognition, more akin to facial recognition, that have the ability to more effectively address the complex challenges of treating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Allen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cell Design Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wendell A Lim
- Cell Design Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pei Z, Chen S, Ding L, Liu J, Cui X, Li F, Qiu F. Current perspectives and trend of nanomedicine in cancer: A review and bibliometric analysis. J Control Release 2022; 352:211-241. [PMID: 36270513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The limitations of traditional cancer treatments are driving the creation and development of new nanomedicines. At present, with the rapid increase of research on nanomedicine in the field of cancer, there is a lack of intuitive analysis of the development trend, main authors and research hotspots of nanomedicine in the field of cancer, as well as detailed elaboration of possible research hotspots. In this review, data collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database between January 1st, 2000, and December 31st, 2021, were subjected to a bibliometric analysis. The co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence of countries, institutions, authors, literature, and keywords in this subject were examined using VOSviewer, Citespace, and a well-known online bibliometrics platform. We collected 19,654 published papers, China produced the most publications (36.654%, 7204), followed by the United States (29.594%, 5777), and India (7.780%, 1529). An interesting fact is that, despite China having more publications than the United States, the United States still dominates this field, having the highest H-index and the most citations. Acs Nano, Nano Letters, and Biomaterials are the top three academic publications that publish articles on nanomedicine for cancer out of a total of 7580 academic journals. The most significant increases were shown for the keywords "cancer nanomedicine", "tumor microenvironment", "nanoparticles", "prodrug", "targeted nanomedicine", "combination", and "cancer immunotherapy" indicating the promising area of research. Meanwhile, the development prospects and challenges of nanomedicine in cancer are also discussed and provided some solutions to the major obstacles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zerong Pei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuting Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Liqin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xinyi Cui
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Fengyun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu H, Wang D, Yang Z, Li S, Wu H, Xiang J, Kan S, Hao M, Liu W. Regulation of epigenetic modifications in the head and neck tumour microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050982. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck tumours are common malignancies that are associated with high mortality. The low rate of early diagnosis and the high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis are the main reasons for treatment failure. Recent studies have established that the tumour microenvironment (TME) can affect the proliferation and metastasis of head and neck tumours via several mechanisms, including altered expressions of certain genes and cytokines. Increasing evidence has shown that epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA modification, and non-coding RNAs, can regulate the head and neck TME and thereby influence tumour development. Epigenetic modifications can regulate the expression of different genes and subsequently alter the TME to affect the progression of head and neck tumours. In addition, the cell components in the TME are regulated by epigenetic modifications, which, in turn, affect the behaviour of head and neck tumour cells. In this review, we have discussed the functions of epigenetic modifications in the head and neck TME. We have further examined the roles of such modifications in the malignancy and metastasis of head and neck tumours.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mao R, Kong W, He Y. The affinity of antigen-binding domain on the antitumor efficacy of CAR T cells: Moderate is better. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032403. [PMID: 36325345 PMCID: PMC9618871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells (CARTs) remain limited in solid tumors despite intensive studies that aim at targeting multiple antigens, enhancing migration, reducing tonic signaling, and improving tumor microenvironment. On the other hand, how the affinity and engaging kinetics of antigen-binding domain (ABD) affects the CART's efficacy has not been carefully investigated. In this article, we first analyzed 38 published solid tumor CART trials and correlated the response rate to their ABD affinity. Not surprisingly, majority (25 trials) of the CARTs utilized high-affinity ABDs, but generated merely 5.7% response rate. In contrast, 35% of the patients treated with the CARTs built from moderate-affinity ABDs had clinical responses. Thus, CARTs with moderate-affinity ABDs not only have less off-target toxicity, but also are more effective. We then reviewed the effects of ABD affinity on the biology and function of CARTs, providing further evidence that moderate-affinity ABDs may be better in CART development. In the end, we propose that a fast-on/fast-off (high Kon and Koff ) kinetics of CART-target engagement in solid tumor allow CARTs to generate sufficient signaling to kill tumor cells without being driven to exhaustion. We believe that studying the ABD affinity and the kinetics of CART-tumor interaction may hold a key to designing effective CARTs for solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Wanqing Kong
- South Carolina Governors School for Science and Math, Hartsville, SC, United States
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
The new progress in cancer immunotherapy. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00887-0. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe cross talk between immune and non-immune cells in the tumor microenvironment leads to immunosuppression, which promotes tumor growth and survival. Immunotherapy is an advanced treatment that boosts humoral and cellular immunity rather than using chemotherapy or radiation-based strategy associated with non-specific targets and toxic effects on normal cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and T cell-based immunotherapy have already exhibited significant effects against solid tumors and leukemia. Tumor cells that escape immune surveillance create a major obstacle to acquiring an effective immune response in cancer patients. Tremendous progress had been made in recent years on a wide range of innate and adaptive immune checkpoints which play a significant role to prevent tumorigenesis, and might therefore be potential targets to suppress tumor cells growth. This review aimed to summarize the underlying molecular mechanisms of existing immunotherapy approaches including T cell and NK-derived immune checkpoint therapy, as well as other intrinsic and phagocytosis checkpoints. Together, these insights will pave the way for new innate and adaptive immunomodulatory targets for the development of highly effective new therapy in the future.
Collapse
|
42
|
Current Progress of CAR-NK Therapy in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174318. [PMID: 36077853 PMCID: PMC9454439 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T and -natural killer (NK) therapies are promising in cancer treatment. CAR-NK therapy gains great attention due to the lack of adverse effects observed in CAR-T therapies and to the NK cells’ unique mechanisms of recognizing target cells. Off-the-shelf products are in urgent need, not only for good yields, but also for lower cost and shorter preparation time. The current progress of CAR-NK therapy is discussed. Abstract CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells eliminate target cells through the release of lytic granules and Fas ligand (FasL)-induced target cell apoptosis. The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) makes these two types of cells selective and effective in killing cancer cells. The success of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and other types of blood cancers proved that the immunotherapy is an effective approach in fighting against cancers, yet adverse effects, such as graft versus host disease (GvHD) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), cannot be ignored for the CAR-T therapy. CAR-NK therapy, then, has its advantage in lacking these adverse effects and works as effective as CAR-T in terms of killing. Despite these, NK cells are known to be hard to transduce, expand in vitro, and sustain shorter in vivo comparing to infiltrated T cells. Moreover, CAR-NK therapy faces challenges as CAR-T therapy does, e.g., the time, the cost, and the potential biohazard due to the use of animal-derived products. Thus, enormous efforts are needed to develop safe, effective, and large-scalable protocols for obtaining CAR-NK cells. Here, we reviewed current progress of CAR-NK therapy, including its biological properties, CAR compositions, preparation of CAR-NK cells, and clinical progresses. We also discussed safety issues raised from genetic engineering. We hope this review is instructive to the research community and a broad range of readers.
Collapse
|
43
|
Dai Z, Zhu PF, Liu H, Li XC, Zhu YY, Liu YY, Shi XL, Chen WD, Liu YP, Zhao YL, Zhao LX, Liu HY, Luo XD. Discovery of potent immune-modulating molecule taccaoside A against cancers from structures-active relationships of natural steroidal saponins. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154335. [PMID: 35858515 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors toward CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 axis antibody therapy have acquired encouraging success. However, most of patients were still not benefited with lots of troubles, such as low penetration of tissues/cells, strong immunogenicity and cytokine release syndrome, and long manufacturing process and expensive costs. By contrast, the immune-modulating small molecules possessed natural advantages to overcome these obstacles and might achieve greater success. PURPOSE Exploring the potent immune-modulating natural small molecules and revealing what kinds of molecules or structures with the immunomodulatory activity against cancers. METHODS A novel non-cytotoxic T-cell immunomodulating screening model was used to identify the cytotoxic/selective/immunomodulatory bioactivity for 148 natural steroidal saponins. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) research was used to reveal the key groups for immunomodulation/cytotoxicity/selectivity. The negative selection was used to isolate and purify the T-cell. The cell viability assay was used to measure the anti-cancer effect in vitro. The ELISA assay was used to detect the cytokines for IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, perforin and granzyme B (GZMB). The western blotting assay was used to research the immunomodulatory mechanism. The siRNA knockdown was used to generate the IFN-γ resistant melanoma cells. The NOG immune-deficient mice were used to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. The peripheral blood samples from 10 cancer patients were used to detect the broad population anti-tumor efficacy. RESULTS It was reported that the correlation among structures and immunomodulation/ cytotoxicity/selectivity, in which opening ring-F with 26-O-glucopyranosyl, disaccharide and trisaccharide chains at C-3, steric hindrance and polarity of C-22 were key immunomodulatory groups. Moreover, taccaoside A was identified as the most potent candidate against cancer cells, including non-small cell lung cancer, triple negative breast cancer, and the IFN-γ resistant melanoma, partly through enhancing T lymphocyte mTORC1-Blimp-1 signal to secrete GZMB. Besides, 10 patients derived T-cell also would be modulated against cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, the overall survival was great extended (>140 days vs 93 days) with nearly 100% tumor burden disappearance (0 mm3vs 1006 ± 79.5 mm3) in mice. CONCLUSION This work demonstrated one possibility for this concerned purpose, and identified a potent immune-modulating natural molecule taccaoside A, which might contribute to cancer immunotherapy in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Pei-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Xuan-Chen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yang-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xiao-Long Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Wei-Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang Y, Ouyang D, Chen YH, Xia H. Peritoneal resident macrophages in tumor metastasis and immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:948952. [PMID: 36035994 PMCID: PMC9402905 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.948952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages residing in various tissues play crucial roles in innate immunity, tissue repair, and immune homeostasis. The development and differentiation of macrophages in non-lymphoid tissues are highly regulated by the tissue microenvironment. Peritoneum provides a unique metastatic niche for certain types of tumor cells. As the dominant immune cell type in peritoneal cavity, macrophages control the immune response to tumor and influence the efficacy of anti-tumor therapy. Considering the heterogeneity of macrophages in origin, metabolism, and function, it is always challenging to define the precise roles of macrophages in tumor microenvironment. We review here recent progresses in peritoneal resident macrophage research in the context of physiological and metastatic tumor conditions, which may benefit the development of new anti-tumor therapies through targeting macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongyun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhai H. Chen
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Houjun Xia
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Houjun Xia,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Long Q, Zheng P, Zheng X, Li W, Hua L, Yang Z, Huang W, Ma Y. Engineered bacterial membrane vesicles are promising carriers for vaccine design and tumor immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114321. [PMID: 35533789 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) have emerged as novel and promising platforms for the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies against infectious and noninfectious diseases. The rich microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and nanoscale membrane vesicle structure of BMVs make them highly immunogenic. In addition, BMVs can be endowed with more functions via genetic and chemical modifications. This article reviews the immunological characteristics and effects of BMVs, techniques for BMV production and modification, and the applications of BMVs as vaccines or vaccine carriers. In summary, given their versatile characteristics and immunomodulatory properties, BMVs can be used for clinical vaccine or immunotherapy applications.
Collapse
|
46
|
Li L, Zhao C, Kong F, Li YC, Wang C, Chen S, Tan HY, Liu Y, Wang D. Calf Thymus Polypeptide Restrains the Growth of Colorectal Tumor via Regulating the Intestinal Microbiota-Mediated Immune Function. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:898906. [PMID: 35662701 PMCID: PMC9160181 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calf thymus polypeptide (CTP), with a molecular mass of <10 kDa, is prepared from the thymus of less than 30-day-old newborn cattle. In the present study, the inhibitory function of CTP in colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated in B6/JGpt-Apcem1Cin(MinC)/Gpt (ApcMin/+) mice. CTP hampered tumor development and enhanced the ratio of CD3e−NK1.1+ cells by 113.0% and CD3e+CD28+ cells by 84.7% in the peripheral blood of ApcMin/+ mice. CTP improved the richness, diversity, and evenness of the intestinal microbiota of ApcMin/+ mice, particularly by regulating the abundance of immune-related microorganisms. CTP effectively regulated the expression of immune-related cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2 (15.19% increment), IL-12 (17.47% increment), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (11.19% reduction). Additionally, it enhanced the levels of CD4 and CD8, as well as the ratio of helper T lymphocytes (Th)1/Th2 in the spleen and tumors of ApcMin/+ mice. In CTP-treated mice, reduced levels of programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), activated nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 signaling were noted. Collectively, the anti-CRC effect of CTP is related to the modulation of intestinal microbiota-mediated immune function, which provides a reference for CTP as a therapeutic drug or a combination drug used in CRC treatment in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenfei Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Fange Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Cong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cho J, Tae N, Ahn JH, Chang SY, Ko HJ, Kim DH. Bispecific Antibody-Bound T Cells as a Novel Anticancer Immunotherapy. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:418-426. [PMID: 35577765 PMCID: PMC9424331 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is one of the promising anticancer treatments. It shows a high overall response rate with complete response to blood cancer. However, there is a limitation to solid tumor treatment. Additionally, this currently approved therapy exhibits side effects such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Alternatively, bispecific antibody is an innovative therapeutic tool that simultaneously engages specific immune cells to disease-related target cells. Since programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule highly expressed in some cancer cells, in the current study, we generated αCD3xαPD-L1 bispecific antibody (BiTE) which can engage T cells to PD-L1+ cancer cells. We observed that the BiTE-bound OT-1 T cells effectively killed cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. They substantially increased the recruitment of effector memory CD8+ T cells having CD8+CD44+CD62Llow phenotype in tumor. Interestingly, we also observed that BiTE-bound polyclonal T cells showed highly efficacious tumor killing activity in vivo in comparison with the direct intravenous treatment of bispecific antibody, suggesting that PD-L1-directed migration and engagement of activated T cells might increase cancer cell killing. Additionally, BiTE-bound CAR-T cells which targets human Her-2/neu exhibited enhanced killing effect on Her-2-expressing cancer cells in vivo, suggesting that this could be a novel therapeutic regimen. Collectively, our results suggested that engaging activated T cells with cancer cells using αCD3xαPD-L1 BiTE could be an innovative next generation anticancer therapy which exerts simultaneous inhibitory functions on PD-L1 as well as increasing the infiltration of activated T cells having effector memory phenotype in tumor site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Tae
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Ahn
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hee Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dajsakdipon T, Siripoon T, Ngamphaiboon N, Ativitavas T, Dejthevaporn T. Immunotherapy and Biomarkers in Sarcoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:415-438. [PMID: 35262852 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-00944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Sarcoma describes a rare and heterogeneous group of diseases. Current treatment options for metastatic sarcoma are quite limited. Conventional treatments with chemotherapy or anti-angiogenic agents result in a non-durable response and a survival rate of approximately 12 to 18 months. In addition, the benefits of such treatments remain limited in some sarcoma subtypes only. Immunotherapy is an emerging treatment for several cancer types with promising outcomes. Studies at the cellular level have shown a relatively high immunogenicity in some subtypes of sarcoma. It is therefore hypothesized that sarcoma may respond to immunotherapy. However, sarcoma is a heterogeneous disease and differences in terms of immunogenicity exist. A multitude of immune-based treatment approaches for sarcoma have been explored. This includes immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines, and adoptive cell therapy. Single-agent immunotherapy has exhibited efficacy against some sarcoma subtypes, including alveolar soft-part sarcoma, angiosarcoma, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Combination immunotherapy appears superior to single-agent immunotherapy in terms of response, and several ongoing studies of immunotherapy using single/combination immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination with anti-angiogenesis have begun to report beneficial results. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers are also under active investigations, with particular interest in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or high tumor mutational burden levels. However, the information is still limited and further studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanate Dajsakdipon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Room 620 Queen Sirikit Medical Center, 270 Rama VI Road, Rajthevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Teerada Siripoon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Room 620 Queen Sirikit Medical Center, 270 Rama VI Road, Rajthevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nuttapong Ngamphaiboon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Room 620 Queen Sirikit Medical Center, 270 Rama VI Road, Rajthevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Touch Ativitavas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Room 620 Queen Sirikit Medical Center, 270 Rama VI Road, Rajthevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thitiya Dejthevaporn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Room 620 Queen Sirikit Medical Center, 270 Rama VI Road, Rajthevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fan Y, Xue H, Zheng H. Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Updates and Outlook. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:233-263. [PMID: 35388357 PMCID: PMC8977221 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s358082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged the culprit of cancer-related mortality worldwide with its dismal prognosis climbing. In recent years, ground-breaking progress has been made in systemic therapy for HCC. Targeted therapy based on specific signaling molecules, including sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, cabozantinib, and ramucirumab, has been widely used for advanced HCC (aHCC). Immunotherapies such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab greatly improve the survival of aHCC patients. More recently, synergistic combination therapy has boosted first-line (atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab) and second-line (ipilimumab in combination with nivolumab) therapeutic modalities for aHCC. This review aims to summarize recent updates of systemic therapy relying on the biological mechanisms of HCC, particularly highlighting the approved agents for aHCC. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy, as well as a combination with locoregional therapies (LRTs), are also discussed. Additionally, we describe the promising effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as systemic therapy on HCC. In this setting, the challenges and future directions of systemic therapy for HCC are also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Fan
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110847, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huachuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Huachuan Zheng, Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-0314-2279458, Fax +86-0314-2279458, Email
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|