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Wu J, Wu Z, Kuang W, Shi D, Yang Y, Li X, Huang J, Li X, Liao Y, Zhou Z, Qiu Z. Combined vaccines against angiotensin II receptor type 1 and alpha 1D-adrenergic receptor for hypertension. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1184-1196. [PMID: 38690916 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Compared with monotherapy, combination therapy with multiple antihypertensive drugs has demonstrated superior efficacy in the management of hypertension. The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of multitarget combined vaccines in achieving simultaneous antihypertensive and target organ protection effects. METHODS Our team has developed ATRQβ-001 and ADRQβ-004 vaccines targeting Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and α1D-adrenergic receptor (α1D-AR), respectively. In NG-nitroarginine methyl ester ( l -NAME) + abilities spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) model, SHRs were simultaneously inoculated with ATRQβ-001 and ADRQβ-004 vaccines. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the antihypertensive effects and target organ protection of the ATRQβ-001 and ADRQβ-004 combined vaccines in comparison with those of the single vaccine. RESULTS Both ATRQβ-001 and ADRQβ-004 vaccines induced robust antibody production, resulting in persistent high antibody titers in rats. Notably, the combined administration of both vaccines significantly decreased SBP in SHRs compared with treatment with a single vaccine, both before and after l -NAME administration. Furthermore, the combined vaccine regimen demonstrated superior efficacy in protecting against vascular remodeling, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and kidney injury in SHRs. Mechanistically, the combined vaccines exhibited significantly downregulated the expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and α1D-adrenergic receptor (α1D-AR). Importantly, no apparent immune-related adverse effects were observed in animals immunized with the combined vaccines. CONCLUSION Preliminary findings from this investigation suggest that co-administration of the novel ATRQβ-001 and ADRQβ-004 vaccines holds potential as a groundbreaking therapeutic strategy for managing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Wenlong Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dingyang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yulu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Jianwu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Xuehan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Zihua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Zhihua Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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2
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Wu R, Sun F, Zhang W, Ren J, Liu GH. Targeting aging and age-related diseases with vaccines. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:464-482. [PMID: 38622408 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. Vaccination offers a promising strategy to combat these age-related diseases by targeting specific antigens and inducing immune responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in vaccine-based interventions targeting these diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes, hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, fibrosis and cancer, summarizing current approaches for identifying disease-associated antigens and inducing immune responses against these targets. Further, we reflect on the recent development of vaccines targeting senescent cells, as a strategy for more broadly targeting underlying causes of aging and associated pathologies. In addition to highlighting recent progress in these areas, we discuss important next steps to advance the therapeutic potential of these vaccines, including improving and robustly demonstrating efficacy in human clinical trials, as well as rigorously evaluating the safety and long-term effects of these vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
- Sino-Danish College, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
- Sino-Danish College, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Kanbay M, Copur S, Tanriover C, Ucku D, Laffin L. Future treatments in hypertension: Can we meet the unmet needs of patients? Eur J Intern Med 2023; 115:18-28. [PMID: 37330317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of arterial hypertension is approximately 47% in the United States and 55% in Europe. Multiple different medical therapies are used to treat hypertension including diuretics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, alpha blockers, central acting alpha receptor agonists, neprilysin inhibitors and vasodilators. However, despite the numerous number of medications, the prevalence of hypertension is on the rise, a considerable proportion of the hypertensive population is resistant to these therapeutic modalities and a definitive cure is not possible with the current treatment approaches. Therefore, there is a need for novel therapeutic strategies to provide better treatment and control of hypertension. In this review, our aim is to describe the latest developments in the treatment of hypertension including novel medication classes, gene therapies and RNA-based modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Tanriover
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ucku
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Luke Laffin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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4
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Saylor K, Donnan B, Zhang C. Computational mining of MHC class II epitopes for the development of universal immunogenic proteins. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265644. [PMID: 35349604 PMCID: PMC8963548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene complex, one of the most diverse gene complexes found in the human genome, largely dictates how our immune systems recognize pathogens. Specifically, HLA genetic variability has been linked to vaccine effectiveness in humans and it has likely played some role in the shortcomings of the numerous human vaccines that have failed clinical trials. This variability is largely impossible to evaluate in animal models, however, as their immune systems generally 1) lack the diversity of the HLA complex and/or 2) express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) receptors that differ in specificity when compared to human MHC. In order to effectively engage the majority of human MHC receptors during vaccine design, here, we describe the use of HLA population frequency data from the USA and MHC epitope prediction software to facilitate the in silico mining of universal helper T cell epitopes and the subsequent design of a universal human immunogen using these predictions. This research highlights a novel approach to using in silico prediction software and data processing to direct vaccine development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Saylor
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ben Donnan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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5
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Henrion D. Modulating the immune response to reduce hypertension-associated cardiovascular damage. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:158280. [PMID: 35289312 PMCID: PMC8920331 DOI: 10.1172/jci158280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Hypertension, a major risk factor for these diseases, remains difficult to treat despite numerous drugs being available. In this issue of the JCI, Failer et al. show that the endogenous antiinflammatory agent developmental endothelial locus-1 (DEL-1) decreased blood pressure and cardiac and aortic hypertrophy in mouse models of hypertension through reduction in αvβ3 integrin–dependent metalloproteinase activity and immune cell recruitment, leading to reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines in cardiovascular tissues. This study offers an alternative in the treatment of hypertension-mediated organ damage through the immunomodulatory effect of DEL-1.
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6
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Mogi M. Clinical study on angiotensin II vaccination-the first big step. Hypertens Res 2021; 45:162-163. [PMID: 34707217 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University, Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Tohon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
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7
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Garay-Gutiérrez NF, Hernandez-Fuentes CP, García-Rivas G, Lavandero S, Guerrero-Beltrán CE. Vaccines against components of the renin-angiotensin system. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:711-726. [PMID: 32995973 PMCID: PMC7524378 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Even though effective drugs for treating hypertension are available, a great percentage of patients have inadequate control of their blood pressure. Unwanted side effects and inappropriate oral drug adherence are important factors that contribute to the global problem of uncontrolled hypertension. Vaccination could provide a revolutionary therapy with long-lasting effects, increasing patient compliance and therefore better control of high blood pressure. Nowadays, current immunization approaches against hypertension target renin, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor, key elements of the renin–angiotensin system. This article reviews the different vaccination attempts with proteins and peptides against the different molecules of the renin–angiotensin system in the last two decades, safety issues, and other novel prospects biomarkers in hypertension, and summarizes the potential of this immunomodulatory approach in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Francisco Garay-Gutiérrez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Carolina Paz Hernandez-Fuentes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.,Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, NL, Mexico
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Enrique Guerrero-Beltrán
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Medicina Cardiovascular y Metabolómica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. .,Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Tecnologico de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, NL, Mexico.
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8
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Azzam O, Kiuchi MG, Ho JK, Matthews VB, Gavidia LML, Nolde JM, Carnagarin R, Schlaich MP. New Molecules for Treating Resistant Hypertension: a Clinical Perspective. Curr Hypertens Rep 2019; 21:80. [PMID: 31506798 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-019-0978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the findings of trials evaluating pharmacological treatment approaches for hypertension in general, and resistant hypertension (RH) in particular, and propose future research and clinical directions. RECENT FINDINGS RH is defined as blood pressure (BP) that remains above target levels despite adherence to at least three antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic. Thus far, clinical trials of pharmacological approaches in RH have focused on older molecules, with spironolactone being demonstrated as the most efficacious fourth-line agent. However, the use of spironolactone in clinical practice is hampered by its side effect profile and the risk of hyperkalaemia in important RH subgroups, such as patients with moderate-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clinical trials of new molecules targeting both well-established and more recently elucidated pathophysiologic mechanisms of hypertension offer a multitude of potential treatment avenues that warrant further evaluation in the context of RH. These include selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), aldosterone synthase inhibitors (ASIs), activators of the counterregulatory renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), vaccines, neprilysin inhibitors alone and in combined formulations, natriuretic peptide receptor agonists A (NPRA-A) agonists, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) agonists, centrally acting aminopeptidase A (APA|) inhibitors, antimicrobial suppression of central sympathetic outflow (minocycline), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitors and Na+/H+ Exchanger 3 (NHE3) inhibitors. There is a paucity of data from trials evaluating newer molecules for the treatment of RH. Emergent novel molecules for non-resistant forms of hypertension heighten the prospects of identifying new, effective and well-tolerated pharmacological approaches to RH. There is a glaring need to undertake RH-focused trials evaluating their efficacy and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Azzam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit / Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Level 3, MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Marcio G Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit / Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Level 3, MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Jan K Ho
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit / Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Level 3, MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit / Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Level 3, MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Leslie Marisol Lugo Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit / Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Level 3, MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit / Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Level 3, MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit / Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Level 3, MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine - Royal Perth Hospital Unit / Medical Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Level 3, MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia. .,Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia. .,Neurovascular Hypertension & Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
Viral structural proteins share a common nature of homotypic interactions that drive viral capsid formation. This natural process has been mimicked in vitro through recombinant technology to generate various virus-like particles (VLPs) and small subviral particles that exhibit similar structural and antigenic properties of their authentic viruses. Therefore, such self-assembled, polyvalent, and highly immunogenic VLPs and small subviral particles are excellent subunit vaccines against individual viruses, such as the VLP vaccines against the hepatitis B virus, human papilloma virus, and hepatitis E virus, which have already been in the markets. In addition, various antigens and epitopes can be fused with VLPs, small subviral particles, or protein polymers, forming chimeric mono-, bi-, or trivalent vaccines. Owing to their easy-production, un-infectiousness, and polyvalence, the recombinant, chimeric vaccines offer a new approach for development of safe, low-cost, and high efficient subunit vaccines against a single or more pathogens or diseases. While the first VLP-based combination vaccine against malaria has been approved for human use, many others are under development with promising future, which are summarized in this commentary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tan
- a Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- a Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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10
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Lobo MD, Sobotka PA, Pathak A. Interventional procedures and future drug therapy for hypertension. Eur Heart J 2017; 38:1101-1111. [PMID: 27406184 PMCID: PMC5400047 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension management poses a major challenge to clinicians globally once non-drug (lifestyle) measures have failed to control blood pressure (BP). Although drug treatment strategies to lower BP are well described, poor control rates of hypertension, even in the first world, suggest that more needs to be done to surmount the problem. A major issue is non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs, which is caused in part by drug intolerance due to side effects. More effective antihypertensive drugs are therefore required which have excellent tolerability and safety profiles in addition to being efficacious. For those patients who either do not tolerate or wish to take medication for hypertension or in whom BP control is not attained despite multiple antihypertensives, a novel class of interventional procedures to manage hypertension has emerged. While most of these target various aspects of the sympathetic nervous system regulation of BP, an additional procedure is now available, which addresses mechanical aspects of the circulation. Most of these new devices are supported by early and encouraging evidence for both safety and efficacy, although it is clear that more rigorous randomized controlled trial data will be essential before any of the technologies can be adopted as a standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin D. Lobo
- Barts BP Centre of Excellence, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul A. Sobotka
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- ROX Medical, San Clemente, CA, USA
| | - Atul Pathak
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hypertension and Heart Failure Unit, Health Innovation Lab (Hi-Lab) Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France
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11
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Tavassoli Z, Taghdir M, Ranjbar B. Renin inhibition by soyasaponin I: a potent native anti-hypertensive compound. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:166-176. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1270855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Tavassoli
- Department of Biophysics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Taghdir
- Department of Biophysics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Ranjbar
- Department of Biophysics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Abstract
Hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death, and lowering blood pressure with antihypertensive drugs reduces target organ damage and prevents cardiovascular disease outcomes. Despite a plethora of available treatment options, a substantial portion of the hypertensive population has uncontrolled blood pressure. The unmet need of controlling blood pressure in this population may be addressed, in part, by developing new drugs and devices/procedures to treat hypertension and its comorbidities. In this Compendium Review, we discuss new drugs and interventional treatments that are undergoing preclinical or clinical testing for hypertension treatment. New drug classes, eg, inhibitors of vasopeptidases, aldosterone synthase and soluble epoxide hydrolase, agonists of natriuretic peptide A and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2, and a novel mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist are in phase II/III of development, while inhibitors of aminopeptidase A, dopamine β-hydroxylase, and the intestinal Na
+
/H
+
exchanger 3, agonists of components of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin(1–7)/Mas receptor axis and vaccines directed toward angiotensin II and its type 1 receptor are in phase I or preclinical development. The two main interventional approaches, transcatheter renal denervation and baroreflex activation therapy, are used in clinical practice for severe treatment resistant hypertension in some countries. Renal denervation is also being evaluated for treatment of various comorbidities, eg, chronic heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and chronic renal failure. Novel interventional approaches in early development include carotid body ablation and arteriovenous fistula placement. Importantly, none of these novel drug or device treatments has been shown to prevent cardiovascular disease outcomes or death in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Oparil
- From the Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (S.O.); and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of the University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany (R.E.S.)
| | - Roland E. Schmieder
- From the Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (S.O.); and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital of the University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany (R.E.S.)
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13
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Antibodies in the pathogenesis of hypertension. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:504045. [PMID: 25050352 PMCID: PMC4090532 DOI: 10.1155/2014/504045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that circulating levels of IgG and IgM antibodies are elevated in patients with essential and pregnancy-related hypertension. Recent studies indicate these antibodies target, and in many cases activate, G-protein coupled receptors and ion channels. Prominent among these protein targets are AT1 receptors, α1-adrenoceptors, β1-adrenoceptors, and L-type voltage operated Ca2+ channels, all of which are known to play key roles in the regulation of blood pressure through modulation of vascular tone, cardiac output, and/or Na+/water reabsorption in the kidneys. This suggests that elevated antibody production may be a causal mechanism in at least some cases of hypertension. In this brief review, we will further describe the protein targets of the antibodies that are elevated in individuals with essential and pregnancy-related hypertension and the likely pathophysiological consequences of antibody binding to these targets. We will speculate on the potential mechanisms that underlie elevated antibody levels in hypertensive individuals and, finally, we will outline the therapeutic opportunities that could arise with a better understanding of how and why antibodies are produced in hypertension.
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Qiu Z, Chen X, Zhou Y, Lin J, Ding D, Yang S, Chen F, Wang M, Zhu F, Yu X, Zhou Z, Liao Y. Therapeutic vaccines against human and rat renin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66420. [PMID: 23825541 PMCID: PMC3692469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination provides a promising approach for treatment of hypertension and improvement in compliance. As the initiation factor of renin-angiotensin system, renin plays a critical role in hypertension. In this study, we selected six peptides (rR32, rR72, rR215, hR32, hR72, and hR215) belonging to potential epitopes of rat and human renin. The main criteria were as follows: (1) include one of renin catalytic sites or the flap sequence; (2) low/no-similarity when matched with the host proteome; (3) ideal antigenicity and hydrophilicity. The peptides were coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and injected into SpragueDawley (SD) rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto rats. The antisera titers and the binding capacity with renin were detected. The effects of the anti-peptides antibodies on plasma renin activity (PRA) and blood pressure were also determined. All peptides elicited strong antibody responses. The antisera titers ranged from 1:32,000 to 1:80,000 in SD rats on day 63. All antisera could bind to renin in vitro. Compared with the control antibody, the antibodies against the rR32, hR32, rR72 and hR72 peptides inhibited PRA level by up to about 50%. Complete cross-reactivity of the anti-rR32 antibody and the anti-hR32 antibody was confirmed. The epitopes rR32 and hR32 vaccines significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHRs up to 15mmHg (175±2 vesus 190±3 mmHg, P = 0.035; 180±2 vesus 195±3 mmHg, P = 0.039), while no obvious effect on SD rats. Additionally, no significant immune-mediated damage was detected in the vaccinated animals. In conclusion, the antigenic peptide hR32 vaccine mimicking the 32Asp catalytic site of human renin may constitute a novel tool for the development of a renin vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Qiu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jibin Lin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijun Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Yu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihua Zhou
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (ZZ)
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (ZZ)
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15
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Burnier M, Wuerzner G, Struijker-Boudier H, Urquhart J. Measuring, analyzing, and managing drug adherence in resistant hypertension. Hypertension 2013; 62:218-25. [PMID: 23753412 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Burnier
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, CHUV Rue du Bugnon 17, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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Chen X, Qiu Z, Yang S, Ding D, Chen F, Zhou Y, Wang M, Lin J, Yu X, Zhou Z, Liao Y. Effectiveness and Safety of a Therapeutic Vaccine Against Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 in Hypertensive Animals. Hypertension 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.201020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Qiu
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijun Yang
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Ding
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Chen
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanzhao Zhou
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jibin Lin
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Yu
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihua Zhou
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- From the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Huang J, Luo M, Fang H, Zheng H, Shen Y, Li L, Deng Y, Xu H. Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide LAP on vascular remodeling. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012. [PMID: 23198680 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2012.746353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to study the efficiency of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptide LAP on the blood pressure (BP) and the vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Ten-week-old male SHRs were divided into four groups with 10 animals in each group and treated for 2 months: blank, pseudo-experimental (NS), enalapril (ENA), and LAP. The alterations of BP, plasma angiotensin II (AngII) levels, and morphological changes of left common carotid artery and the third level of superior mesenteric artery were investigated. After 2 weeks of treatment, LAP and ENA significantly decreased BP and the antihypertensive effects lasted till the end of experiment. After 2 months, LAP and ENA also significantly lowered plasma AngII levels. LAP and enalapril significantly lowered vascular medial thickness, media thickness/lumen diameter, medial cross-sectional area, and mean nuclear area of smooth muscle cells in left common carotid artery. When compared to the blank group, LAP and ENA significantly lowered the percentages of collagen fibers in the vascular area of left common carotid artery with 24.84 ± 0.53, 23.36 ± 0.99 versus 31.82 ± 0.57 (blank), respectively, and those of the third level of superior mesenteric artery with 15.82 ± 0.60, 15.15 ± 0.71 versus 23.42 ± 0.72, respectively. LAP had a beneficial effect on BP and vascular remodeling in SHRs. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic value of LAP in the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Tongji University , Shanghai , PR China
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18
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Abstract
The currently available medications for the treatment of drug abuse have had only limited success. Anti-addiction vaccines, aimed at eliciting antibodies that block the pharmacological effects of drugs, have great potential for treating drug abuse. We review the status of two vaccines that are undergoing clinical trials (for cocaine and nicotine addiction) and two that are still in preclinical development (for methamphetamine and heroin addiction). We also outline the challenges and ethical concerns associated with the development of anti-addiction vaccines and their use as future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Shen
- Immunology Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Frank M. Orson
- Immunology Allergy & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas R. Kosten
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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19
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Steckelings UM, Paulis L, Unger T, Bader M. Emerging drugs which target the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2011; 16:619-30. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2011.618495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Macrez R, Ali C, Toutirais O, Le Mauff B, Defer G, Dirnagl U, Vivien D. Stroke and the immune system: from pathophysiology to new therapeutic strategies. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10:471-80. [PMID: 21511199 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(11)70066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and a major cause of acquired disability in adults. Despite tremendous progress in understanding the pathophysiology of stroke, translation of this knowledge into effective therapies has largely failed, with the exception of thrombolysis, which only benefits a small proportion of patients. Systemic and local immune responses have important roles in causing stroke and are implicated in the primary and secondary progression of ischaemic lesions, as well as in repair, recovery, and overall outcome after a stroke. However, potential therapeutic targets in the immune system and inflammatory responses have not been well characterised. Development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for stroke will require further investigation of these pathways in terms of their temporal profile (before, during, and after stroke) and risk-to-benefit therapeutic ratio of modulating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Macrez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, UMR CNRS 6232 Ci-NAPs, Cyceron, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
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21
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Tousoulis D, Papageorgiou N, Androulakis E, Paroutoglou K, Stefanadis C. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting vascular endothelium in essential hypertension. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:1395-412. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2010.522989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Les nouvelles modalités d’inhibition du système rénine angiotensine : les inhibiteurs de la rénine et l’immunisation active contre l’angiotensine II. Rev Med Interne 2010; 31:659-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2010.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Wu KC, Gerstenblith G. Review: Update on Newer Antihypertensive Medicines and Interventions. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2010; 15:257-67. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248410368277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of systemic hypertension are reaching global epidemic proportions. Despite a diverse pharmacologic armamentarium of agents to treat high blood pressure, suboptimal control remains a significant problem in as many as 43% of patients and this rate has not significantly improved over the past 2 decades. There are a variety of factors contributing to this including patient nonadherence due to complex drug regimens and medication side effects, undertreatment, and treatment resistance. There, thus, remains a need to develop novel agents and approaches to antihypertensive therapy that facilitate attainment of optimal blood pressure levels. This monograph will review a number of new pharmacologic targets and interventions as well as a novel method of drug delivery to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C. Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,
| | - Gary Gerstenblith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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