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Wisse PHA, de Klaver W, van Wifferen F, van Maaren-Meijer FG, van Ingen HE, Meiqari L, Huitink I, Bierkens M, Lemmens M, Greuter MJE, van Leerdam ME, Spaander MCW, Dekker E, Coupé VMH, Carvalho B, de Wit M, Meijer GA. The multitarget faecal immunochemical test for improving stool-based colorectal cancer screening programmes: a Dutch population-based, paired-design, intervention study. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:326-337. [PMID: 38346438 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is widely employed for colorectal cancer screening. However, its sensitivity for advanced precursor lesions remains suboptimal. The multitarget FIT (mtFIT), measuring haemoglobin, calprotectin, and serpin family F member 2, has demonstrated enhanced sensitivity for advanced neoplasia, especially advanced adenomas, at equal specificity to FIT. This study aimed to prospectively validate and investigate the clinical utlitity of mtFIT versus FIT in a setting of population-based colorectal cancer screening. METHODS Individuals aged 55-75 years and who were eligible for the Dutch national FIT-based colorectal cancer screening programme were invited to submit both a FIT and mtFIT sample collected from the same bowel movement. Positive FIT (47 μg/g haemoglobin cutoff) or mtFIT (based on decision-tree algorithm) led to a colonoscopy referral. The primary outcome was the relative detection rate of mtFIT versus FIT for all advanced neoplasia. Secondary outcomes were the relative detection rates of colorectal cancer, advanced adenoma, and advanced serrated polyps individually and the long-term effect of mtFIT-based versus FIT-based programmatic screening on colorectal cancer incidence, mortality, and cost, determined with microsimulation modelling. The study has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05314309, and is complete. FINDINGS Between March 25 and Dec 7, 2022, 35 786 individuals were invited to participate in the study, of whom 15 283 (42·7%) consented, and 13 187 (86·3%) of 15 283 provided both mtFIT and FIT samples with valid results. Of the 13 187 participants, 6637 (50·3%) were male and 6550 (49·7%) were female. mtFIT showed a 9·11% (95% CI 8·62-9·61) positivity rate and 2·27% (95% CI 2·02-2·54) detection rate for advanced neoplasia, compared with a positivity rate of 4·08% (3·75-4·43) and a detection rate of 1·21% (1·03-1·41) for FIT. Detection rates of mtFIT versus FIT were 0·20% (95% CI 0·13-0·29) versus 0·17% (0·11-0·27) for colorectal cancer; 1·64% (1·43-1·87) versus 0·86% (0·72-1·04) for advanced adenoma, and 0·43% (0·33-0·56) versus 0·17% (0·11-0·26) for advanced serrated polyps. Modelling demonstrated that mtFIT-based screening could reduce colorectal cancer incidence by 21% and associated mortality by 18% compared with the current Dutch colorectal cancer screening programme, at feasible costs. Furthermore, at equal positivity rates, mtFIT outperformed FIT in terms of diagnostic yield. At an equally low positivity rate, mtFIT-based screening was predicted to further decrease colorectal cancer incidence by 5% and associated mortality by 4% compared with FIT-based screening. INTERPRETATION The higher detection rate of mtFIT for advanced adenoma compared with FIT holds the potential to translate into additional and clinically meaningful long-term colorectal cancer incidence and associated mortality reductions in programmatic colorectal cancer screening. FUNDING Stand Up to Cancer, Dutch Cancer Society, Dutch Digestive Foundation, and Health~Holland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter H A Wisse
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willemijn de Klaver
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francine van Wifferen
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Huub E van Ingen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Star-shl, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lana Meiqari
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iris Huitink
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bierkens
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margriet Lemmens
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein J E Greuter
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Leerdam
- Department of Gastro-intestinal Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manon C W Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evelien Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Veerle M H Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Meike de Wit
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Han L, Chen S, Luan Z, Fan M, Wang Y, Sun G, Dai G. Immune function of colon cancer associated miRNA and target genes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203070. [PMID: 37465677 PMCID: PMC10351377 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colon cancer is a complex disease that involves intricate interactions between cancer cells and theimmune microenvironment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as critical regulators of gene expression in cancer, including colon cancer. There is increasing evidence suggesting that miRNA dysregulation plays a crucial role in modulating the immune microenvironment of intestinal cancer. In particular, miRNAs regulate immune cell activation, differentiation, and function, as well as cytokine and chemokine production in intestinal cancer. It is urgent to fully investigate the potential role of intestinal cancer-related miRNAs in shaping the immune microenvironment. Methods Therefore, this paper aims to identify miRNAs that are potentially associated with colon cancer and regulate a large number of genes related to immune function. We explored the role of these genes in colon cancer patient prognosis, immune infiltration, and tumor purity based on data of 174 colon cancer patients though convolutional neural network, survival analysis and multiple analysis tools. Results Our findings suggest that miRNA regulated genes play important roles in CD4 memory resting cells, macrophages.M2, and Mast cell activated cells, and they are concentrated in the cytokinecytokine receptor interaction pathway. Discussion Our study enhances our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of intestinal cancer and provides new insights into the development of effective therapies. Additionally, identification of miRNA biomarkers could aid in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as guide personalized treatment strategies for patients with intestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyun Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Luan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghai Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Du YX, Mamun AA, Lyu AP, Zhang HJ. Natural Compounds Targeting the Autophagy Pathway in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087310. [PMID: 37108476 PMCID: PMC10138367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway by which misfolded proteins or damaged organelles are delivered in a double-membrane vacuolar vesicle and finally degraded by lysosomes. The risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is high, and there is growing evidence that autophagy plays a critical role in regulating the initiation and metastasis of CRC; however, whether autophagy promotes or suppresses tumor progression is still controversial. Many natural compounds have been reported to exert anticancer effects or enhance current clinical therapies by modulating autophagy. Here, we discuss recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in regulating CRC. We also highlight the research on natural compounds that are particularly promising autophagy modulators for CRC treatment with clinical evidence. Overall, this review illustrates the importance of autophagy in CRC and provides perspectives for these natural autophagy regulators as new therapeutic candidates for CRC drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Xiao Du
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ai-Ping Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chandramohan K, Balan DJ, Devi KP, Nabavi SF, Reshadat S, Khayatkashani M, Mahmoodifar S, Filosa R, Amirkhalili N, Pishvaei S, Aval OS, Nabavi SM. Short interfering RNA in colorectal cancer: is it wise to shoot the messenger? Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175699. [PMID: 37011722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the leading cause of gastrointestinal cancer death. 90% of people diagnosed with colorectal cancer are over the age of 50; nevertheless, the illness is more aggressive among those detected at a younger age. Chemotherapy-based treatment has several adverse effects on both normal and malignant cells. The primary signaling pathways implicated in the advancement of CRC include hedgehog (Hh), janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), Wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β (TNF-β), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and Notch. Loss of heterozygosity in tumor suppressor genes like adenomatous polyposis coli, as well as mutation or deletion of genes like p53 and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), are all responsible for the occurrence of CRC. Novel therapeutic targets linked to these signal-transduction cascades have been identified as a consequence of advances in small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatments. This study focuses on many innovative siRNA therapies and methodologies for delivering siRNA therapeutics to the malignant site safely and effectively for the treatment of CRC. Treatment of CRC using siRNA-associated nanoparticles (NPs) may inhibit the activity of oncogenes and MDR-related genes by targeting a range of signaling mechanisms. This study summarizes several siRNAs targeting signaling molecules, as well as the therapeutic approaches that might be employed to treat CRC in the future.
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Dey DK, Sharma C, Vadlamudi Y, Kang SC. CopA3 peptide inhibits MDM2-p53 complex stability in colorectal cancers and activates p53 mediated cell death machinery. Life Sci 2023; 318:121476. [PMID: 36758667 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The diverse expression patterns of the tumor suppressor p53 in cancer cells reflect the regulatory efficiency of multiple cellular pathways. By contrast, many human tumors are reported to develop in the presence of wild-type p53. Recently, several oncogene inhibitors have been used clinically to suppress tumor development by functionally reactivating other oncoproteins. On the other hand, p53 reactivation therapies have not been well established, as few of the p53-MDM2 complex inhibitors such as Nutlin-3 induces mutation in p53 gene upon prolonged usage. Therefore, in this study CopA3, a 9-mer dimeric D-type peptide with anticancer activity against the human colorectal cancer cells, was used to explore the efficacy of p53 reactivation in-vitro and in-vivo. The anticancer activity of CopA3 was more selective towards the wild-type p53 expressing cells than the p53 deficient or mutant colorectal cancer cells. In response to this, this study investigated the signaling pathway in vitro and validated its anti-tumor activity in-vivo. The protein-peptide interaction and molecular docking efficiently provided insight into the specific binding affinity of CopA3 to the p53-binding pocket of the MDM2 protein, which efficiently blocked the p53 and MDM2 interaction. CopA3 plays a crucial role in the binding with MDM2 and enhanced the nuclear translocation of the p53 protein, which sequentially activated the downstream targets to trigger the autophagic mediated cell death machinery through the JNK/Beclin-1 mediated pathway. Collectively, CopA3 affected the MDM2-p53 interaction, which suppressed tumor development. This study may provide a novel inhibitor candidate for the MDM2-p53 complex, which could ultimately suppress the growth of colorectal cancer cells without being cytotoxic to the healthy neighboring cells present around the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Kumar Dey
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanchal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Yellamandayya Vadlamudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Chludzińska-Kasperuk S, Lewko J, Sierżantowicz R, Krajewska-Kułak E, Reszeć-Giełażyn J. The Effect of Serum Leptin Concentration and Leptin Receptor Expression on Colorectal Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4951. [PMID: 36981858 PMCID: PMC10048899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The level of leptin in the blood shows a positive, strong correlation with the mass of adipose tissue. Being overweight and having metabolic disorders increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. AIM OF THE PAPER The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of leptin in the blood serum as well as the expression of the leptin receptor in colorectal cancer cells. In addition, the effect of serum leptin concentration and leptin receptor expression on clinical and pathological parameters such as BMI, obesity, TNM, and tumor size was assessed. METHODS The study included 61 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and treated with surgery. RESULTS Strong leptin receptor expression and the prevalence of overweight and obesity are factors influencing the occurrence of excessive leptin concentrations. CONCLUSION Leptin may be involved in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. More research is needed to better elucidate the role of leptin in the development and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Chludzińska-Kasperuk
- Biobank, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Primary Health Care, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jolanta Lewko
- Department of Primary Health Care, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Regina Sierżantowicz
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Reszeć-Giełażyn
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Liau XL, Salvamani S, Gunasekaran B, Chellappan DK, Rhodes A, Ulaganathan V, Tiong YL. CCAT 1- A Pivotal Oncogenic Long Non-Coding RNA in Colorectal Cancer. Br J Biomed Sci 2023; 80:11103. [PMID: 37025163 PMCID: PMC10070472 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the third most common cancer and second deadliest cancer in both men and women in the world. Currently, the cure rate and 5-year survival rate of CRC patients remain relatively low. Therefore, discovering a novel molecular biomarker that can be used to improve CRC screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment would be beneficial. Long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT 1) has been found overexpressed in CRC and is associated with CRC tumorigenesis and treatment outcome. CCAT 1 has a high degree of specificity and sensitivity, it is readily detected in CRC tissues and is significantly overexpressed in both premalignant and malignant CRC tissues. Besides, CCAT 1 is associated with clinical manifestation and advanced features of CRC, such as lymph node metastasis, high tumor node metastasis stage, differentiation, invasion, and distant metastasis. In addition, they can upregulate oncogenic c-MYC and negatively modulate microRNAs via different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, dysregulated CCAT 1 also enhances the chemoresistance in CRC cells while downregulation of them reverses the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. In brief, CCAT 1 serves as a potential screening, diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CRC, it also serves as a potential therapeutic marker to treat CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiew Leng Liau
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Salvamani
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shamala Salvamani, ; Baskaran Gunasekaran,
| | - Baskaran Gunasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shamala Salvamani, ; Baskaran Gunasekaran,
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anthony Rhodes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vaidehi Ulaganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Lian Tiong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Pharmacological Mechanism of Pingxiao Formula against Colorectal Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7884740. [PMID: 36582768 PMCID: PMC9794442 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7884740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer worldwide and develops due to a broad range of causative factors. Pingxiao (PX) formula and Xihuang (XH) formula are two commonly used drugs to treat CRC, especially as an alternative therapy for those patients who could not suffer surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, namely, elder or advanced CRC patients. However, the pertinent pharmacological mechanisms are still elusive. The investigation was designed to explain the pharmacological mechanisms of the PX formula. A murine model of CRC was established by injecting CT26.WT cells into the caecum of 4-week-old male Balb/c mice, following PX or XH treatment for 30 days. Network pharmacology analysis combined with weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) predicted the pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic value. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing determined the alterations in the gut microbiota communities. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry examined the influence of PX on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Injection of CT26.WT-induced CRC in Balb/c mice was markedly attenuated by PX treatment. Compared with XH administration, PX exhibited a stronger antitumor effect, such as smaller tumor volume, lower interleukin 17 (IL-17), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) serum levels, and higher interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) concentration. Network pharmacology analysis demonstrated that both PX and XH targets were enriched in cancers and inflammatory responses. RNA sequencing confirmed that PX treatment induced cancer cell apoptosis and inhibited inflammatory reactions within the tumor. Moreover, the PX formula considerably restored homeostasis of the gut microbiota, which was not observed in the XH group. PX targets, those associated with the survival probability of CRC patients, correlated with macrophage (Mφ) infiltration, which presented an independent risk factor for the CRC outcome. PX treatment promoted the transition of alternatively activated Mφs (M2 Mφs) to classically activated Mφs (M1 Mφs). Moreover, the peritoneal Mφs from the PX group inhibited the migration of CW26.WT cells, as evidenced by the wound healing experiment and transwell assay, which was consistent with the decreased expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, the coculturing system confirmed that PX-treated Mφs suppressed colorectal tumor-derived organoid proliferation. PX formula exhibits a potential antitumor effect against CRC by suppressing the colonization of pathological microorganisms, reshaping Mφ effector functions and hence inhibiting cancer cell proliferation.
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Elsayed AF, Ali HS, El-Maghawry HA, Atia H, Mohamed SY. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Compliance of Blood Relatives of Colorectal Cancer Patients to Colorectal Screening Guidelines. J Gastrointest Cancer 2022; 53:1138. [PMID: 34761339 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Fathy Elsayed
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hend Samir Ali
- Internal Medicine Department, Belbeis Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Belbeis, Egypt
| | - Hala Ahmed El-Maghawry
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Community, Egypt
| | - Hesham Atia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Salem Youssef Mohamed
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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Li Y, Ma H. circRNA PLOD2 promotes tumorigenesis and Warburg effect in colon cancer by the miR-513a-5p/SIX1/LDHA axis. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2484-2498. [PMID: 36071678 PMCID: PMC9677972 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has proved that circRNAs might act as potential biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. However, the functions and mechanisms of multiple circRNAs in colon cancer remains unclear. Here, we found circPLOD2 was dramatically upregulated in colon cancer tissue and cell lines. In vitro CCK-8, colony formation and transwell assays, and in vivo tumor transplantation assay were performed and explored that circPLOD2 might promote tumor proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, based on the analysis of RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase and rescued assays, we confirmed that the interactions between circPLOD2, miR-513a-5p and SIX1. It suggested that circPLOD2 acted as a sponge of miR-513a-5p to regulate the activation of the target gene SIX1. In addition, as a key transcription factor of Warburg effect related genes, SIX1 was proved to enhance the transcriptional expression of LDHA by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, thereby regulating glycolysis in colon cancer cells. Therefore, we identified that circPLOD2 promoted colon cancer progression through miR-513a-5p/SIX1/LDHA axis, and acted as a new biomarker for colon cancer prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjia Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Sung SY, Choi HH, Kim S, Park BR, Kim YK, Kim HK, Cho YS, Kim SW, Kim SS, Chae HS. Colonoscopy decreases mortality in colorectal cancer patients compared with fecal immunochemical test. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1991-1997. [PMID: 35738218 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are commonly used screening methods for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), but their effects on survival have not been compared. We compared survival outcomes in patients with CRC according to the exposure history to colonoscopy or FIT before diagnosis of CRC. METHODS We performed a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study using Korean national-insurance claims data. In total, 24 875 patients with CRC diagnosed in 2012 were included. The patients were divided into three groups in terms of examinations performed during the 10 years prior to CRC diagnosis: the colonoscopy group, the FIT group, and the never-screened group. Survival outcomes were compared among the three groups. The colonoscopy group and FIT group were matched using propensity score-matching method. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 9619 patients in the colonoscopy group, 6936 patients in the FIT group, and 8320 patients in the never-screened group. The 5-year overall survival rates were 74.1% in the colonoscopy group, 65.9% in the FIT group, and 59.6% in the never-screened group (P < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios for death were 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.59) in the colonoscopy group and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.74-0.82) in the FIT group compared with the never-screened group. In the matched cohort, the adjusted hazard ratios for death was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72-0.81) in the colonoscopy group compared with the FIT group. CONCLUSION Colonoscopy is a more effective method for reducing mortality in patients with CRC compared with FIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yoon Sung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukil Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Park
- Big Data Department, National Health Insurance Service
| | - Young Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Keun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiun-Suk Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Aguilar LB, Gomes CV, Lima Neto GSD, Montenegro LHF, Oliveira JCDS, Galvão ND, Melanda FN, Alves MR, Souza BDSND. Mortality trend of cancer and main types according to macroregion in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, 2000 to 2015. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 25:e220004. [PMID: 35766761 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220004.supl.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the mortality trend from all cancers and the five main ones in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2000 to 2015. METHODS This is a descriptive, ecological, time series study, with data referring to deaths of residents of Mato Grosso due to cancer (ICD-10 codes C00 to C97), from the Mortality Information System (SIM). Time trend analyses of the standardized mortality rate from all cancers and five specific cancers (lung, prostate, breast, colorectal and cervical) for the state and according to macroregion (South, West, North, East and Center-North) were performed using linear regression (p<0.05). RESULTS From 2000 to 2015, 28,525 deaths from all cancers in residents of the state of Mato Grosso were recorded. An increasing trend was observed for all cancers, in addition to lung, breast and colorectal cancers. The South and North macroregions showed an increasing trend for all cancers, breast and colorectal, and Center-North for breast and colorectal. East showed an increasing trend for all cancers, prostate and colorectal, and decreasing for cervical. CONCLUSION In the state of Mato Grosso, there was an increasing trend in mortality for all cancers and from specific ones, with emphasis on breast and colorectal cancer in most macroregions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Vieira Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, School of Medicine - Cuiabá (MT), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Noemi Dreyer Galvão
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Institute of Collective Health - Cuiabá (MT), Brazil.,Mato Grosso State Health Department- Cuiabá (MT), Brazil
| | | | - Mário Ribeiro Alves
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Institute of Collective Health - Cuiabá (MT), Brazil
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13
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Grobbee EJ, Wisse PHA, Schreuders EH, van Roon A, van Dam L, Zauber AG, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Bramer W, Berhane S, Deeks JJ, Steyerberg EW, van Leerdam ME, Spaander MC, Kuipers EJ. Guaiac-based faecal occult blood tests versus faecal immunochemical tests for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk individuals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 6:CD009276. [PMID: 35665911 PMCID: PMC9169237 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009276.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, many countries have adopted colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes, often based on faecal occult blood tests (FOBTs). CRC screening aims to detect advanced neoplasia (AN), which is defined as CRC or advanced adenomas. FOBTs fall into two categories based on detection technique and the detected blood component: qualitative guaiac-based FOBTs (gFOBTs) and faecal immunochemical tests (FITs), which can be qualitative and quantitative. Screening with gFOBTs reduces CRC-related mortality. OBJECTIVES To compare the diagnostic test accuracy of gFOBT and FIT screening for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia in average-risk individuals. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Google Scholar. We searched the reference lists and PubMed-related articles of included studies to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included prospective and retrospective studies that provided the number of true positives, false positives, false negatives, and true negatives for gFOBTs, FITs, or both, with colonoscopy as reference standard. We excluded case-control studies. We included studies in which all participants underwent both index test and reference standard ("reference standard: all"), and studies in which only participants with a positive index test underwent the reference standard while participants with a negative test were followed for at least one year for development of interval carcinomas ("reference standard: positive"). The target population consisted of asymptomatic, average-risk individuals undergoing CRC screening. The target conditions were CRC and advanced neoplasia (advanced adenomas and CRC combined). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened and selected studies for inclusion. In case of disagreement, a third review author made the final decision. We used the Rutter and Gatsonis hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model to explore differences between tests and identify potential sources of heterogeneity, and the bivariate hierarchical model to estimate sensitivity and specificity at common thresholds: 10 µg haemoglobin (Hb)/g faeces and 20 µg Hb/g faeces. We performed indirect comparisons of the accuracy of the two tests and direct comparisons when both index tests were evaluated in the same population. MAIN RESULTS We ran the initial search on 25 June 2019, which yielded 63 studies for inclusion. We ran a top-up search on 14 September 2021, which yielded one potentially eligible study, currently awaiting classification. We included a total of 33 "reference standard: all" published articles involving 104,640 participants. Six studies evaluated only gFOBTs, 23 studies evaluated only FITs, and four studies included both gFOBTs and FITs. The cut-off for positivity of FITs varied between 2.4 μg and 50 µg Hb/g faeces. For each Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2 domain, we assessed risk of bias as high in less than 20% of studies. The summary curve showed that FITs had a higher discriminative ability than gFOBTs for AN (P < 0.001) and CRC (P = 0.004). For the detection of AN, the summary sensitivity of gFOBTs was 15% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12% to 20%), which was significantly lower than FITs at both 10 μg and 20 μg Hb/g cut-offs with summary sensitivities of 33% (95% CI 27% to 40%; P < 0.001) and 26% (95% CI 21% to 31%, P = 0.002), respectively. Results were simulated in a hypothetical cohort of 10,000 screening participants with 1% CRC prevalence and 10% AN prevalence. Out of 1000 participants with AN, gFOBTs missed 850, while FITs missed 670 (10 μg Hb/g cut-off) and 740 (20 μg Hb/g cut-off). No significant differences in summary specificity for AN detection were found between gFOBTs (94%; 95% CI 92% to 96%), and FITs at 10 μg Hb/g cut-off (93%; 95% CI 90% to 95%) and at 20 μg Hb/g cut-off (97%; 95% CI 95% to 98%). So, among 9000 participants without AN, 540 were offered (unnecessary) colonoscopy with gFOBTs compared to 630 (10 μg Hb/g) and 270 (20 μg Hb/g) with FITs. Similarly, for the detection of CRC, the summary sensitivity of gFOBTs, 39% (95% CI 25% to 55%), was significantly lower than FITs at 10 μg and 20 μg Hb/g cut-offs: 76% (95% CI 57% to 88%: P = 0.001) and 65% (95% CI 46% to 80%; P = 0.035), respectively. So, out of 100 participants with CRC, gFOBTs missed 61, and FITs missed 24 (10 μg Hb/g) and 35 (20 μg Hb/g). No significant differences in summary specificity for CRC were found between gFOBTs (94%; 95% CI 91% to 96%), and FITs at the 10 μg Hb/g cut-off (94%; 95% CI 87% to 97%) and 20 μg Hb/g cut-off (96%; 95% CI 91% to 98%). So, out of 9900 participants without CRC, 594 were offered (unnecessary) colonoscopy with gFOBTs versus 594 (10 μg Hb/g) and 396 (20 μg Hb/g) with FITs. In five studies that compared FITs and gFOBTs in the same population, FITs showed a higher discriminative ability for AN than gFOBTs (P = 0.003). We included a total of 30 "reference standard: positive" studies involving 3,664,934 participants. Of these, eight were gFOBT-only studies, 18 were FIT-only studies, and four studies combined both gFOBTs and FITs. The cut-off for positivity of FITs varied between 5 µg to 250 µg Hb/g faeces. For each QUADAS-2 domain, we assessed risk of bias as high in less than 20% of studies. The summary curve showed that FITs had a higher discriminative ability for detecting CRC than gFOBTs (P < 0.001). The summary sensitivity for CRC of gFOBTs, 59% (95% CI 55% to 64%), was significantly lower than FITs at the 10 μg Hb/g cut-off, 89% (95% CI 80% to 95%; P < 0.001) and the 20 μg Hb/g cut-off, 89% (95% CI 85% to 92%; P < 0.001). So, in the hypothetical cohort with 100 participants with CRC, gFOBTs missed 41, while FITs missed 11 (10 μg Hb/g) and 11 (20 μg Hb/g). The summary specificity of gFOBTs was 98% (95% CI 98% to 99%), which was higher than FITs at both 10 μg and 20 μg Hb/g cut-offs: 94% (95% CI 92% to 95%; P < 0.001) and 95% (95% CI 94% to 96%; P < 0.001), respectively. So, out of 9900 participants without CRC, 198 were offered (unnecessary) colonoscopy with gFOBTs compared to 594 (10 μg Hb/g) and 495 (20 μg Hb/g) with FITs. At a specificity of 90% and 95%, FITs had a higher sensitivity than gFOBTs. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS FITs are superior to gFOBTs in detecting AN and CRC in average-risk individuals. Specificity of both tests was similar in "reference standard: all" studies, whereas specificity was significantly higher for gFOBTs than FITs in "reference standard: positive" studies. However, at pre-specified specificities, the sensitivity of FITs was significantly higher than gFOBTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmée J Grobbee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter HA Wisse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eline H Schreuders
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aafke van Roon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leonie van Dam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ann G Zauber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wichor Bramer
- Medical Library , Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Berhane
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan J Deeks
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Leerdam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manon Cw Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Bartolomeu AR, Romualdo GR, Lisón CG, Besharat ZM, Corrales JAM, Chaves MÁG, Barbisan LF. Caffeine and Chlorogenic Acid Combination Attenuate Early-Stage Chemically Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice: Involvement of oncomiR miR-21a-5p. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116292. [PMID: 35682971 PMCID: PMC9181067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of most common cancers worldwide, with high rates of mortality. Epidemiological findings demonstrate that coffee consumption reduces the risk of developing CRC by ~13%. In general, in vivo and in vitro findings demonstrate the antiproliferative, antioxidant and proapoptotic effects of brewed coffee or major bioavailable coffee compounds. Thus, it was assessed whether caffeine (CAF) and/or chlorogenic acid (CGA) attenuates the early-stage of chemically induced mouse colon carcinogenesis. Male Swiss mice were submitted to a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine/deoxycholic acid (DMH/DCA)-induced colon carcinogenesis model. These animals received CAF (50 mg/kg), CGA (25 mg/kg) or CAF+CGA (50 + 25 mg/kg) intragastrically for five times/week for ten weeks. CAF+CGA had the most pronounced effects on decreasing epithelial cell proliferation (Ki-67) and increasing apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) in colonic crypts. This treatment also decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α, and downregulated the oncomiR miR-21a-5p in the colon. Accordingly, the analysis of miR-21a-5p targets demonstrated the genes involved in the negative regulation of proliferation and inflammation, and the positive regulation of apoptosis. Ultimately, CAF+CGA attenuated preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) development. Our findings suggest that a combination of coffee compounds reduces early-stage colon carcinogenesis by the modulation of miR-21a-5p expression, highlighting the importance of coffee intake to prevent CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Rocha Bartolomeu
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (A.R.B.); (G.R.R.)
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (A.R.B.); (G.R.R.)
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmen Griñán Lisón
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.G.L.); (J.A.M.C.); (M.Á.G.C.)
- GENYO (Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research), Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016 Granada, Spain
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaen, 23007 Jaen, Spain
| | - Zein Mersini Besharat
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal Corrales
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.G.L.); (J.A.M.C.); (M.Á.G.C.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Ángel García Chaves
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.G.L.); (J.A.M.C.); (M.Á.G.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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15
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Shen J, Jin G, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Sun Y, Xie X, Ma T, Zhu Y, Du Y, Niu Y, Shi X. A multiple-dimension model for microbiota of patients with colorectal cancer from normal participants and other intestinal disorders. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2161-2173. [PMID: 35218389 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11846-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a primary driver of inflammation in the colon and is linked to early colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Thus, a novel and noninvasive microbiome-based model could promote screening in patients at average risk for CRC. Nevertheless, the relevance and effectiveness of microbial biomarkers for noninvasive CRC screening remains unclear, and researchers lack the data to distinguish CRC-related gut microbiome biomarkers from those of other common gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Microbiome-based classification distinguishes patients with CRC from normal participants and excludes other CRC-relevant diseases (e.g., GI bleed, adenoma, bowel diseases, and postoperative). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) was 92.2%. Known associations with oral pathogenic features, benefits-generated features, and functional features of CRC were confirmed using the model. Our optimised prediction model was established using large-scale experimental population-based data and other sequence-based faecal microbial community data. This model can be used to identify the high-risk groups and has the potential to become a novel screening method for CRC biomarkers because of its low false-positive rate (FPR) and good stability. KEY POINTS: • A total of 5744 CRC and non-CRC large-scale faecal samples were sequenced, and a model was constructed for CRC discrimination on the basis of the relative abundance of taxonomic and functional features. • This model could identify high-risk groups and become a novel screening method for CRC biomarkers because of its low FPR and good stability. • The association relationship of oral pathogenic features, benefits-generated features, and functional features in CRC was confirmed by the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Department of Medical Administration, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gulei Jin
- Hangzhou GUHE Information and Technology Company, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Cancer Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xie
- Hangzhou GUHE Information and Technology Company, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Hangzhou GUHE Information and Technology Company, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongze Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoqiang Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yaofang Niu
- Hangzhou GUHE Information and Technology Company, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinwei Shi
- Department of Nursing, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Eye Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Ágústsson AS, Ingason AB, Rumba E, Pálsson D, Reynisson IE, Hreinsson JP, Björnsson ES. Causes of gastrointestinal bleeding in oral anticoagulant users compared to non-users in a population-based study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:239-245. [PMID: 34749581 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1998600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Causes of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in patients on oral anticoagulants (OACs) are not well established. The aims of the study were to compare the causes of GIB in patients on OACs and those not on OAC therapy. METHODS A nationwide study of all GIB events in patients on OACs in Iceland from 2014-2019 was conducted. Bleeding events were obtained through ICD-10 codes and review of endoscopy databases, confirmed by review of medical records. For comparison, patients not on OACs from previous Icelandic population-based studies were used. RESULTS Among 752 GIB events in 12,005 patients on OACs, 273 (1.9%) had verified upper and 391 (2.7%) had verified lower GIB. For lower GIB, multivariate analysis showed that OAC users were more likely to have colonic polyps (OR 6.6, 95% CI: 2.4 - 17.8, p < .001) or colorectal cancer (OR 3.7, 95% CI: 2.0 - 7.0, p < .001) but less likely to have ischemic colitis (OR 0.11, 95% CI: 0.04 - 0.26, p < .001). For upper GIB, bleeding from mucosal erosions (OR 4.0 95% CI: 2.5 - 7.9, p < .001) and angiodysplasia (OR 3.6, 95%CI: 1.5 - 8.6, p = .003) were more common in OAC users. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of GIB caused by colonic polyps and colorectal cancer among OAC patients indicates that OACs treatment may facilitate cancer diagnosis. The low proportion of ischemic colitis among those on OACs suggests that OACs provide a protective effect against ischemic colitis. OACs seem to increase the bleeding from angiodysplasia and mucosal erosive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnar S Ágústsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arnar B Ingason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Edward Rumba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daníel Pálsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Jóhann P Hreinsson
- Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Einar S Björnsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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17
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El-Kenawy HA, Alsaeed MI, Najmi AA, Ghalbi ANA, Daiwali IG, Alshuhay AH, Alotaibi AH, Alharbi AK, Alshehri AO, Albahkali AM, Aldhafyan SR, Barayan NA, Alnakhli AF. Colorectal Cancer: Accuracy of CT in Thdetermination of Staging and Management. CLINICAL CANCER INVESTIGATION JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/mvxdl3gxzp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Aguilar LB, Gomes CV, Lima Neto GSD, Montenegro LHF, Oliveira JCDS, Galvão ND, Melanda FN, Alves MR, Souza BDSND. Tendência da mortalidade por câncer e principais tipos segundo macrorregiões do Estado de Mato Grosso, 2000 a 2015. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720220004.supl.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever a tendência da mortalidade por todas as causas de câncer e as cinco principais causas no Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2015. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, ecológico, do tipo série temporal, com dados referentes aos óbitos de residentes de Mato Grosso por neoplasias (códigos C00 a C97 da Classificação Internacional de Doenças — CID-10), provenientes do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. A tendência temporal da taxa de mortalidade padronizada de todas as causas de câncer e de cinco causas específicas (pulmão, próstata, mama feminina, colorretal e colo do útero) para o Estado e segundo macrorregiões (Sul, Oeste, Norte, Leste e Centro-Norte) foi analisada por meio de regressão linear (p<0,05). Resultados: De 2000 a 2015, ocorreram 28.525 óbitos por todas as causas de câncer em residentes do Estado de Mato Grosso. Tendência crescente foi observada para todas as causas de câncer, além dos cânceres de pulmão, mama e colorretal. As macrorregiões Sul e Norte apresentaram tendência crescente para todas as causas, mama e colorretal; Centro-Norte para mama e colorretal; Leste foi crescente para todas as causas, próstata e colorretal e decrescente para colo do útero. Conclusão: No Estado de Mato Grosso, verificou-se tendência crescente de mortalidade por todas as causas de câncer e por causas específicas, com destaque para mama e colorretal na maioria das macrorregiões.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Noemi Dreyer Galvão
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Brazil; Mato Grosso State Health Department, Brazil
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19
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Cruz A, Carvalho CM, Cunha A, Crespo A, Iglesias Á, García-Nimo L, Freitas PP, Cubiella J. Faecal Diagnostic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215568. [PMID: 34771730 PMCID: PMC8582677 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant public health problem, being a major cause of cancer death worldwide. Hence, the identification of biomarkers able to support CRC detection is crucial. This work analyses a panel of six biomarkers, namely interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, haemoglobin (Hb) and M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK), in stool samples from patients with CRC, advanced adenomas, other lesions and healthy individuals. Our results indicate that the levels of Hb and M2-PK were increased in CRC patients in comparison to the controls. Moreover, the combination of these biomarkers increased the specificity or sensitivity for CRC detection and thus present potential for diagnosis of CRC. Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer progression, including invasion and metastasis, is a major cause of death among CRC patients. Current methods for CRC screening commonly consist of a combination of faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for stool occult blood detection and invasive procedures such as colonoscopy. Considering the slow progression of CRC, and that symptoms usually emerge at advanced stages, its early diagnostic can limit cancer’s spread and provide a successful treatment. Biomarkers have a high potential for the diagnosis of CRC in either blood or stool samples. Methods: In this study, we analysed the diagnostic value of six different biomarkers in stool samples of patients with CRC, advanced adenomas, other lesions and healthy individuals. We have also assessed the overall performance of the combination of these biomarkers for CRC detection. Results: The results indicate that haemoglobin (Hb) and M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) levels were increased in CRC patients in comparison to the controls. Conversely, the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were not significantly different between the tested groups. Conclusion: The combination of FIT-Hb with the M2-PK levels increased the specificity or sensitivity for CRC detection and thus present potential as faecal diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cruz
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (P.P.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Carla M. Carvalho
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (P.P.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Alexandra Cunha
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (P.P.F.)
| | - Anais Crespo
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, CIBEREHD, 32005 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.); (Á.I.); (J.C.)
| | - Águeda Iglesias
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, CIBEREHD, 32005 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.); (Á.I.); (J.C.)
| | - Laura García-Nimo
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, 32005 Ourense, Spain;
| | - Paulo P. Freitas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.); (P.P.F.)
| | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, CIBEREHD, 32005 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.); (Á.I.); (J.C.)
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20
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Identification of histone methyltransferase NSD2 as an important oncogenic gene in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:974. [PMID: 34671018 PMCID: PMC8528846 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second common cause of cancer-related human mortalities. Dysregulation of histone 3 (H3) methylation could lead to transcriptional activation of multiple oncogenes, which is closely associated with CRC tumorigenesis and progression. Nuclear receptor-binding SET Domain protein 2 (NSD2) is a key histone methyltransferase catalyzing histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation (H3K36me2). Its expression, the potential functions, and molecular mechanisms in CRC are studied here. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) bioinformatics results showed that the NSD2 mRNA expression is elevated in both colon cancers and rectal cancers. Furthermore, NSD2 mRNA and protein expression levels in local colon cancer tissues are significantly higher than those in matched surrounding normal tissues. In primary human colon cancer cells and established CRC cell lines, shRNA-induced silencing or CRISPR/Cas9-induced knockout of NSD2 inhibited cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, NSD2 shRNA or knockout induced mitochondrial depolarization, DNA damage, and apoptosis in the primary and established CRC cells. Contrarily, ectopic NSD2 overexpression in primary colon cancer cells further enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. H3K36me2, expressions of multiple oncogenes (ADAM9, EGFR, Sox2, Bcl-2, SYK, and MET) and Akt activation were significantly decreased after NSD2 silencing or knockout in primary colon cancer cells. Their levels were however increased after ectopic NSD2 overexpression. A catalytic inactive NSD2 (Y1179A) also inhibited H3K36me2, multiple oncogenes expression, and Akt activation, as well as cell proliferation and migration in primary colon cancer cells. In vivo, intratumoral injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-packed NSD2 shRNA largely inhibited primary colon cancer cell xenograft growth in nude mice. Together, NSD2 exerted oncogenic functions in CRC and could be a promising therapeutic target.
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21
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Colorectal Cancer Screening: Have We Addressed Concerns and Needs of the Target Population? GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord3040018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recognized benefits of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, uptake is still suboptimal in many countries. In addressing this issue, one important element that has not received sufficient attention is population preference. Our review provides a comprehensive summary of the up-to-date evidence relative to this topic. Four OVID databases were searched: Ovid MEDLINE® ALL, Biological Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, and Global Health. Among the 742 articles generated, 154 full texts were selected for a more thorough evaluation based on predefined inclusion criteria. Finally, 83 studies were included in our review. The general population preferred either colonoscopy as the most accurate test, or fecal occult blood test (FOBT) as the least invasive for CRC screening. The emerging blood test (SEPT9) and capsule colonoscopy (nanopill), with the potential to overcome the pitfalls of the available techniques, were also favored. Gender, age, race, screening experience, education and beliefs, the perceived risk of CRC, insurance, and health status influence one’s test preference. To improve uptake, CRC screening programs should consider offering test alternatives and tailoring the content and delivery of screening information to the public’s preferences. Other logistical measures in terms of the types of bowel preparation, gender of endoscopist, stool collection device, and reward for participants can also be useful.
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Sun Q, Pastor L, Du J, Powell MJ, Zhang A, Bodmer W, Wu J, Zheng S, Sha MY. A novel xenonucleic acid-mediated molecular clamping technology for early colorectal cancer screening. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244332. [PMID: 34610014 PMCID: PMC8491914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Early detection is critical to reduce CRC morbidity and mortality. In order to meet this need, we developed a molecular clamping assay called the ColoScape TM assay for early colorectal cancer diagnostics. METHODS Nineteen mutations in four genes (APC, KRAS, BRAF and CTNNB1) associated with early events in CRC pathogenesis are targeted in the ColoScapeTM assay. Xenonucleic Acid (XNA)-mediated qPCR clamping technology was applied to minimize the wild-type background amplification in order to improve assay sensitivity of CRC mutation detection. The assay analytical performance was verified and validated, cfDNA and FFPE CRC patient samples were evaluated, and an ROC curve was applied to evaluate its performance. RESULTS The data showed that the assay analytical sensitivity was 0.5% Variant Allele Frequency, corresponding to ~7-8 copies of mutant DNA with 5 ng total DNA input per test. This assay is highly reproducible with intra-assay CV of <3% and inter-assay CV of <5%. We have investigated 380 clinical samples including plasma cfDNA and FFPE samples from patients with precancerous and different stages of CRC. The preliminary assay clinical specificity and sensitivity for CRC cfDNA were: 100% (95% CI, 80.3-97.5%) and 92.2% (95% CI, 94.7-100%), respectively, with AUC of 0.96; 96% specificity (95% CI, 77.6-99.7%) and 92% sensitivity (95% CI, 86.1-95.6%) with AUC of 0.94 for CRC FFPE; 95% specificity (95% CI, 82.5%-99.1%) and 62.5% sensitivity (95% CI, 35.8%-83.7%) with AUC of 0.79 for precancerous lesions cfDNA. CONCLUSIONS The XNA-mediated molecular clamping assay is a rapid, precise, and sensitive assay for the detection of precancerous lesions cfDNA and CRC cfDNA or FFPE samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- DiaCarta, Inc., Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Larry Pastor
- DiaCarta, Inc., Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Jinwei Du
- DiaCarta, Inc., Richmond, California, United States of America
| | | | - Aiguo Zhang
- DiaCarta, Inc., Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Walter Bodmer
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Michael Y. Sha
- DiaCarta, Inc., Richmond, California, United States of America
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23
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de Klaver W, Wisse PHA, van Wifferen F, Bosch LJW, Jimenez CR, van der Hulst RWM, Fijneman RJA, Kuipers EJ, Greuter MJE, Carvalho B, Spaander MCW, Dekker E, Coupé VMH, de Wit M, Meijer GA. Clinical Validation of a Multitarget Fecal Immunochemical Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening : A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Study. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174:1224-1231. [PMID: 34280333 DOI: 10.7326/m20-8270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is used in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, yet it leaves room for improvement. OBJECTIVE To develop a multitarget FIT (mtFIT) with better diagnostic performance than FIT. DESIGN Diagnostic test accuracy study. SETTING Colonoscopy-controlled series. PARTICIPANTS Persons (n = 1284) from a screening (n = 1038) and referral (n = 246) population were classified by their most advanced lesion (CRC [n = 47], advanced adenoma [n = 135], advanced serrated polyp [n = 30], nonadvanced adenoma [n = 250], and nonadvanced serrated polyp [n = 53]), along with control participants (n = 769). MEASUREMENTS Antibody-based assays were developed and applied to leftover FIT material. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was applied to biomarker concentrations to identify the optimal combination for detecting advanced neoplasia. Performance of this combination, the mtFIT, was cross-validated using a leave-one-out approach and compared with FIT at equal specificity. RESULTS The CART analysis showed a combination of hemoglobin, calprotectin, and serpin family F member 2-the mtFIT-to have a cross-validated sensitivity for advanced neoplasia of 42.9% (95% CI, 36.2% to 49.9%) versus 37.3% (CI, 30.7% to 44.2%) for FIT (P = 0.025), with equal specificity of 96.6%. In particular, cross-validated sensitivity for advanced adenomas increased from 28.1% (CI, 20.8% to 36.5%) to 37.8% (CI, 29.6% to 46.5%) (P = 0.006). On the basis of these results, early health technology assessment indicated that mtFIT-based screening could be cost-effective compared with FIT. LIMITATION Study population is enriched with persons from a referral population. CONCLUSION Compared with FIT, the mtFIT showed better diagnostic accuracy in detecting advanced neoplasia because of an increased detection of advanced adenomas. Moreover, early health technology assessment indicated that these results provide a sound basis to pursue further development of mtFIT as a future test for population-based CRC screening. A prospective screening trial is in preparation. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Stand Up to Cancer/Dutch Cancer Society, Dutch Digestive Foundation, and HealthHolland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn de Klaver
- Netherlands Cancer Institute and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (W.d.K.)
| | - Pieter H A Wisse
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, and Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (P.H.W.)
| | - Francine van Wifferen
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.V., C.R.J., M.J.G., V.M.H.C.)
| | - Linda J W Bosch
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.J.B., R.J.F., B.C., M.d.W., G.A.M.)
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.V., C.R.J., M.J.G., V.M.H.C.)
| | | | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.J.B., R.J.F., B.C., M.d.W., G.A.M.)
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.J.K., M.C.S.)
| | - Marjolein J E Greuter
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.V., C.R.J., M.J.G., V.M.H.C.)
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.J.B., R.J.F., B.C., M.d.W., G.A.M.)
| | - Manon C W Spaander
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.J.K., M.C.S.)
| | - Evelien Dekker
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (E.D.)
| | - Veerle M H Coupé
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (F.V., C.R.J., M.J.G., V.M.H.C.)
| | - Meike de Wit
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.J.B., R.J.F., B.C., M.d.W., G.A.M.)
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.J.B., R.J.F., B.C., M.d.W., G.A.M.)
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24
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Yu D, Sun J, Weng Y, Luo L, Sheng J, Xu Z. Serum angiogenin as a potential biomarker for early detection of colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:703-708. [PMID: 33661188 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer mortality, early-stage detection dramatically improves survival rate. To explore the feasibility of serum angiogenin (ANG) as a biomarker for early detection of colorectal neoplasia, we collected serum samples from 781 participants, including 369 patients with CRC, 133 with colorectal adenoma and 279 healthy controls. We examined the levels of serum ANG by ELISA, calculated the diagnostic accuracy of ANG by plotted receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs), and compared it with those obtained by carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). We also analyzed the relationship between serum ANG level and TNM stage in CRC patients. The results showed that ANG serum levels were significantly elevated in patients with colorectal adenomas and CRC (P < 0.01). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for ANG in distinguishing CRC patients from healthy controls was 0.740 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.705-0.744], comparable to that of CEA (0.770; 95% CI: 0.735-0.802; P = 0.26) but significantly higher than that of CA19-9 (0.636; 95% CI: 0.598-0.674, P < 0.01), with much higher sensitivity (67.75%) than CEA (36.86%) or CA19-9 (12.20%). We observed no significant differences in ANG serum levels among CRCs at different TNM stages. Furthermore, sensitivity and specificity of ANG for distinguishing colorectal adenomas patients from healthy controls were 66.20% and 64.90%, respectively. ANG has the potential to serve as a serum biomarker for early detection of colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Sun
- Institute of Environmental Medicine
| | - Yu Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Liang L, Lin R, Xie Y, Lin H, Shao F, Rui W, Chen H. The Role of Cyclophilins in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2548-2560. [PMID: 34326693 PMCID: PMC8315013 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps) is a kind of ubiquitous protein family in organisms, which has biological functions such as promoting intracellular protein folding and participating in the pathological processes of inflammation and tumor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are two common intestinal diseases, but the etiology and pathogenesis of these two diseases are still unclear. IBD and CRC are closely associated, IBD has always been considered as one of the main risks of CRC. However, the role of Cyps in these two related intestinal diseases is rarely studied and reported. In this review, the expression of CypA, CypB and CypD in IBD, especially ulcerative colitis (UC), and CRC, their relationship with the development of these two intestinal diseases, as well as the possible pathogenesis, were briefly summarized, so as to provide modest reference for clinical researches and treatments in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Liang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Rongxiao Lin
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Huaqing Lin
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Plaform, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wen Rui
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Plaform, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
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26
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Kim SY, Kim HS, Kim YT, Lee JK, Park HJ, Kim HM, Kang DR. Colonoscopy Versus Fecal Immunochemical Test for Reducing Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00350. [PMID: 33928919 PMCID: PMC8088829 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of colonoscopy or the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention is supported by previous studies. However, there is little specific evidence regarding comparative effectiveness of colonoscopy or FIT for reducing CRC risk. In this study, we compared the association of CRC risk with colonoscopy and FIT using a nationwide database. METHODS This population-based case-control study used colonoscopy and FIT claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance System from 2002 to 2013. Data were analyzed from 61,221 patients with newly diagnosed CRC (case group) and 306,099 individuals without CRC (control group). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between CRC and colonoscopy or FIT. RESULTS Colonoscopy was associated with a reduced subsequent CRC risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.29). Stronger associations were found between colonoscopy and distal CRC, compared with proximal CRC (0.24 vs 0.47). In an analysis stratified by sex, the association was weaker in female subjects compared with male subjects (0.33 vs 0.27). Any FIT exposure was associated with CRC risk with an OR of 0.74; this association was stronger for distal cancer. As the frequency of cumulative FIT assessments increased (from 1 to ≥5), the OR of FIT exposure for CRC gradually decreased from 0.81 to 0.45. DISCUSSION The association of colonoscopy or FIT with reduced CRC risk was stronger for distal CRC than for proximal CRC. FIT showed less CRC risk reduction than colonoscopy. However, as the frequency of cumulative FIT assessments increased, the association with CRC prevention became stronger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Young Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yun Tae Kim
- Center of Biomedical Data Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jung Kuk Lee
- Center of Biomedical Data Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hong Jun Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hee Man Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dae Ryoung Kang
- Center of Biomedical Data Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Xie Y, Shi L, He X, Luo Y. Gastrointestinal cancers in China, the USA, and Europe. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2021; 9:91-104. [PMID: 34026216 PMCID: PMC8128023 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer, are a major medical and economic burden worldwide and have the largest number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths each year. Esophageal and gastric cancers are most common in developing countries, while colorectal cancer forms the major GI malignancy in Western countries. However, a great shift in the predominant GI-cancer type is happening in countries under economically transitioning and, at the same time, esophageal and gastric cancers are reigniting in Western countries due to the higher exposure to certain risk factors. The development of all GI cancers is highly associated with lifestyle habits and all can be detected by identified precancerous diseases. Thus, they are all suitable for cancer screening. Here, we review the epidemiological status of GI cancers in China, the USA, and Europe; the major risk factors and their distribution in these regions; and the current screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumo Xie
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lishuo Shi
- Center for Clinical Research, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Chen Y, Zhao J. Identification of an Immune Gene Signature Based on Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211001314. [PMID: 33787354 PMCID: PMC8020110 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211001314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) changes are related to the occurrence and development of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the immune microenvironment in CC, as well as the microenvironment's relationship with the clinical features of CC. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE39582 cohorts, the scores of 22 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were calculated using CIBERSORT. ConsensusClusterPlus was used for unsupervised clustering. Three TME subtypes (TMEC1, TMEC2, and TME3) were identified based on TIL scores. TMEC2 was associated with the worst prognosis. Random forest, k-means clustering, and principal component analysis were used to construct the TME score risk signature. The median TME score was used to divide the samples into high- and low-risk groups. The prognoses of the patients with high TME scores were worse than those of the patients with low TME scores. A high TME score was an independent prognostic risk factor for patients with colon cancer. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results showed that those with high TME scores were enriched in FOCAL_ADHESION, ECM_RECEPTOR_INTERACTION, and PATHWAYS_IN_CANCER. Our findings will provide a new strategy for immunotherapy in patients with CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning
Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning
Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Jia Zhao, Department of Medical Oncology,
the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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29
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Zhao L, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Lu W. Does self-reported symptom questionnaire play a role in nonadherence to colonoscopy for risk-increased population in the Tianjin colorectal cancer screening programme? BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:117. [PMID: 33750307 PMCID: PMC7944887 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A colorectal cancer screening programme (CCSP) was implemented from 2012 to 2017 in Tianjin, China. Residents with a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) or positive self-reported symptom questionnaire (SRSQ) were recommended to undergo colonoscopy. The objective was to investigate the potential factors associated with nonadherence to colonoscopy among a risk-increased population. METHODS Data were obtained from the CCSP database, and 199,522 residents with positive FIT or positive SRSQ during two screening rounds (2012-2017) were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between nonadherence to colonoscopy and potential predictors. RESULTS A total of 152,870 (76.6%) individuals did not undergo colonoscopy after positive FIT or positive SRSQ. Residents with positive SRSQ but without positive FIT were more likely not to undergo colonoscopy (negative FIT: OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 2.29-2.41, no FIT: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.24-1.31). Patients without a cancer history were less likely to undergo colonoscopy even if they received risk-increased reports based on the SRSQ. CONCLUSION In the CCSP, seventy-seven percent of the risk-increased population did not undergo colonoscopy. FIT should be recommended since positive FIT results are related to improved adherence to colonoscopy. Residents with negative FIT but positive SRSQ should be informed of the potential cancer risk to ensure adherence to colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Electrochemical biosensors for measurement of colorectal cancer biomarkers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2407-2428. [PMID: 33666711 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with one of the highest rates of mortality among cancers worldwide. The early detection and management of CRC is imperative. Biomarkers play an important role in CRC screening tests, CRC treatment, and prognosis and clinical management; thus rapid and sensitive detection of biomarkers is helpful for early detection of CRC. In recent years, electrochemical biosensors for detecting CRC biomarkers have been widely investigated. In this review, different electrochemical detection methods for CRC biomarkers including immunosensors, aptasensors, and genosensors are summarized. Further, representative examples are provided that demonstrate the advantages of electrochemical sensors modified by various nanomaterials. Finally, the limitations and prospects of biomarkers and electrochemical sensors in detection are also discussed. Graphical abstract.
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Lin J, Zheng B, Lin S, Chen Z, Chen S. The efficacy of intraoperative ICG fluorescence angiography on anastomotic leak after resection for colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:27-39. [PMID: 32886195 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography can reduce the incidence of anastomotic leak. METHODS Present authors conducted a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective nonrandomized trials, and retrospective trials up to March 2020. Eleven papers fulfilling the screening criteria were included. INTERVENTION Indocyanine green was injected intravenously after the division of the mesentery and colon but before anastomosis. The primary outcome measure was AL rate with at least 3 months of follow-up. Secondary outcome measure was operation time, postoperative complications, surgical site infection, reoperation, and ileus rate. The results were analyzed using STATA 12.0 software (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA). RESULT A total of 3137 patients were collected in 11 studies. Meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional surgery, the ICG fluorescence angiography resulted in a fewer AL rate (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.44; P < 0.0001), postoperative complications (OR = 0.70; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.96; P < 0.025), and reoperation rate (OR = 0.334; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.68; P = 0.003). Operation time (weighted mean difference - 25.162 min; 95% CI - 58.7 to 8.375; P = 0.141), surgical site infection rate (OR = 1.11; 95% CI 0.59 to 2.09; P = 0.742) did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION The result revealed that indocyanine green was associated with a lower anastomotic leakage rate after colorectal cancer resection. However, larger, multicentered, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the benefit of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqiu Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyong Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, People's Republic of China.
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Khatri N, Daga P, Rawal T, Gupta P. Incidence of colorectal cancer in North-Western India over 5 Years. JOURNAL OF RADIATION AND CANCER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jrcr.jrcr_29_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Li X, Liu W, Geng C, Li T, Li Y, Guo Y, Wang C. Ginsenoside Rg3 Suppresses Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Downregulating Notch-Hes1 Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 49:217-235. [PMID: 33371813 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are the major causes leading to the high mortality of colon cancer. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), as a bioactive ginseng compound, is suggested to possess antimetastasis effects in colon cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we reported that Rg3 could effectively inhibit colon cancer cell invasion and metastasis through in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition, Rg3 suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCT15 cells and SW48 cells evidenced by detecting EMT related markers E-cadherin, vimentin, and snail expression. Furthermore, inhibition of Notch signaling by LY411,575 or specific Hes1 siRNA obviously repressed colon cancer cell migration and metastasis, and induced increase in E-cadherin and decrease in vimentin and snail. Meanwhile, the expression of NICD and Hes1 was obviously decreased in the presence of Rg3. However, Rg3 failed to suppress EMT in Hes1 overexpressed colon cancer cells. In particular, Rg3 significantly reversed IL-6-induced EMT promotion and blocked IL-6- induced NICD and Hes1 upregulations. Overall, these findings suggested that Rg3 could inhibit colon cancer migration and metastasis via suppressing Notch-Hes1-EMT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Chong Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yaoyu Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Sadat SMA, Vakili MR, Paiva IM, Weinfeld M, Lavasanifar A. Development of Self-Associating SN-38-Conjugated Poly(ethylene oxide)-Poly(ester) Micelles for Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111033. [PMID: 33138058 PMCID: PMC7694018 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38), which is the active metabolite of irinotecan, has been hampered because of its practical water-insolubility. In this study, we successfully synthesized two self-associating SN-38-polymer drug conjugates to improve the water-solubility of SN-38, while retaining its anticancer activity. The polymeric micellar SN-38 conjugates were composed of either methoxy-poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(α-benzyl carboxylate-ε-caprolactone) conjugated to SN-38 at the PBCL end (mPEO-b-PBCL/SN-38) or mPEO-block-poly(α-carboxyl-ε-caprolactone) attached to SN-38 from the pendent-free carboxyl site (mPEO-b-PCCL/SN-38). The chemical structure of block copolymers was confirmed by 1H NMR. The physicochemical characterizations of their self-assembled structures including size, surface charge, polydispersity, critical micellar concentration, conjugation content and efficiency, morphology, kinetic stability, and in vitro release of SN-38 were compared between the two formulations. In vitro anticancer activities were evaluated by measuring cellular cytotoxicity and caspase activation by MTS and Caspase-Glo 3/7 assays, respectively. The hemolytic activity of both micellar structures against rat red blood cells was also measured. The results showed the formation of SN-38-polymeric micellar conjugates at diameters < 50 nm with a narrow size distribution and sustained release of SN-38 for both structures. The loading content of SN-38 in mPEO-b-PBCL and mPEO-b-PCCL were 11.47 ± 0.10 and 12.03 ± 0.17 (% w/w), respectively. The mPEO-b-PBCL/SN-38, end-capped micelles were kinetically more stable than mPEO-b-PCCL/SN-38. The self-assembled mPEO-b-PBCL/SN-38 and mPEO-b-PCCL/SN-38 micelles resulted in significantly higher cytotoxic effects than irinotecan against human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, HT-29, and SW20. The CRC cells were found to be 70-fold to 330-fold more sensitive to micellar SN-38 than irinotecan, on average. Both SN-38-incorporated micelles showed two-fold higher caspase-3/7 activation levels than irinotecan. The mPEO-b-PBCL/SN-38 micelles were not hemolytic, but mPEO-b-PCCL/SN-38 showed some hemolysis. The overall results from this study uphold mPEO-b-PBCL/SN-38 over mPEO-b-PCCL/SN-38 micellar formulation as an effective delivery system of SN-38 that warrants further preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sams M. A. Sadat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (S.M.A.S.); (I.M.P.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Vakili
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (S.M.A.S.); (I.M.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.V.); (A.L.); Tel.: +1-5879204349 (M.R.V.); +1-7804922742 (A.L.); Fax: +1-7804921217 (M.R.V.); +1-7804921217 (A.L.)
| | - Igor M. Paiva
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (S.M.A.S.); (I.M.P.)
| | - Michael Weinfeld
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada;
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (S.M.A.S.); (I.M.P.)
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.R.V.); (A.L.); Tel.: +1-5879204349 (M.R.V.); +1-7804922742 (A.L.); Fax: +1-7804921217 (M.R.V.); +1-7804921217 (A.L.)
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Nait Slimane S, Marcel V, Fenouil T, Catez F, Saurin JC, Bouvet P, Diaz JJ, Mertani HC. Ribosome Biogenesis Alterations in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E2361. [PMID: 33120992 PMCID: PMC7693311 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on understanding the regulation and functions of aberrant protein synthesis in colorectal cancer (CRC), leaving the ribosome, its main effector, relatively underappreciated in CRC. The production of functional ribosomes is initiated in the nucleolus, requires coordinated ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing and ribosomal protein (RP) assembly, and is frequently hyperactivated to support the needs in protein synthesis essential to withstand unremitting cancer cell growth. This elevated ribosome production in cancer cells includes a strong alteration of ribosome biogenesis homeostasis that represents one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. None of the ribosome production steps escape this cancer-specific dysregulation. This review summarizes the early and late steps of ribosome biogenesis dysregulations described in CRC cell lines, intestinal organoids, CRC stem cells and mouse models, and their possible clinical implications. We highlight how this cancer-related ribosome biogenesis, both at quantitative and qualitative levels, can lead to the synthesis of ribosomes favoring the translation of mRNAs encoding hyperproliferative and survival factors. We also discuss whether cancer-related ribosome biogenesis is a mere consequence of cancer progression or is a causal factor in CRC, and how altered ribosome biogenesis pathways can represent effective targets to kill CRC cells. The association between exacerbated CRC cell growth and alteration of specific steps of ribosome biogenesis is highlighted as a key driver of tumorigenesis, providing promising perspectives for the implementation of predictive biomarkers and the development of new therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Nait Slimane
- Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286 Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.N.S.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Virginie Marcel
- Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286 Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.N.S.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Tanguy Fenouil
- Institute of Pathology EST, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Site-Est Groupement Hospitalier- Est, 69677 Bron, France;
| | - Frédéric Catez
- Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286 Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.N.S.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Saurin
- Gastroenterology and Genetic Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Philippe Bouvet
- Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286 Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.N.S.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Diaz
- Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286 Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.N.S.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Hichem C. Mertani
- Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286 Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.N.S.); (V.M.); (F.C.); (P.B.)
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Chen H, Cheng Y, Wang X, Wang J, Shi X, Li X, Tan W, Tan Z. 3D printed in vitro tumor tissue model of colorectal cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:12127-12143. [PMID: 33204333 PMCID: PMC7667682 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The tumor microenvironment (TME) determines tumor progression and affects clinical therapy. Its basic components include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated endothelial cells (TECs), both of which constitute the tumor matrix and microvascular network. The ability to simulate interactions between cells and extracellular matrix in a TME in vitro can assist the elucidation of cancer growth and evaluate the efficiency of therapies. Methods: In the present study, an in vitro 3D model of tumor tissue that mimicked in vivo cell physiological function was developed using tumor-associated stromal cells. Colorectal cancer cells, CAFs, and TECs were co-cultured on 3D-printed scaffolds so as to constitute an extracellular matrix (ECM) that allowed cell processes such as adhesion, stemness, proliferation, and vascularization to take place. Normal stromal cells were activated and reprogrammed into tumor-related stromal cells to construct a TME of tumor tissues. Results: The activated stromal cells overexpressed a variety of tumor-related markers and remodeled the ECM. Furthermore, the metabolic signals and malignant transformation of the in vitro 3D tumor tissue was substantially similar to that observed in tumors in vivo. Conclusions: The 3D tumor tissue exhibited physiological activity with high drug resistance. The model is suitable for research studies of tumor biology and the development of personalized treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Chen
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Xuelei Shi
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Xinghuan Li
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Zhikai Tan
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
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Dokoutsidou E, Alodat M, Mavrogiannis C, Georgiou K, Giannakoulopoulou E, Galanis P, Loukas C, Enochsson L, Georgiou E. Performance Assessment of Subjects With Nursing Education Trained in Sigmoidoscopy by Means of a Simulator. Gastroenterol Nurs 2020; 43:411-421. [PMID: 33055543 DOI: 10.1097/sga.0000000000000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reports evaluating simulation-based sigmoidoscopy training among nurses are scarce. The aim of this prospective nonrandomized study was to assess the performance of nurses in simulated sigmoidoscopy training and the potential impact on their performance of endoscopy unit experience, general professional experience, and skills in manual activities requiring coordinated maneuvers. Forty-four subjects were included: 12 nurses with (Group A) and 14 nurses without endoscopy unit experience (Group B) as well as 18 senior nursing students (Group C). All received simulator training in sigmoidoscopy. Participants were evaluated with respect to predetermined validated metrics. Skills in manual activities requiring coordinated maneuvers were analyzed to draw possible correlations with their performance. The total population required a median number of 5 attempts to achieve all predetermined goals. Groups A and C outperformed Group B regarding the number of attempts needed to achieve the predetermined percentage of visualized mucosa (p = .017, p = .027, respectively). Furthermore, Group A outperformed Group B regarding the predetermined duration of procedure (p = .046). A tendency was observed for fewer attempts needed to achieve the overall successful endoscopy in both Groups A and C compared with Group B. Increased score on playing stringed instruments was associated with decreased total time of procedure (rs = -.34, p = .03) and with decreased number of total attempts for successful endoscopy (rs = -.31, p = .046). This study suggests that training nurses and nursing students in simulated sigmoidoscopy is feasible by means of a proper training program. Experience in endoscopy unit and skills in manual activities have a positive impact on the training process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Dokoutsidou
- Eleni Dokoutsidou, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Nursing, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Moussa Alodat, MD, is Consultant Gastroenterologist, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Christos Mavrogiannis, PhD, is Professor of Gastroenterology, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Konstantinos Georgiou, PhD, Biochemistry Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Eleftheria Giannakoulopoulou, PhD, is Lecturer, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Petros Galanis, PhD, is Lecturer, Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Constantinos Loukas, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Lars Enochsson, PhD, is Professor of Surgery, Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evangelos Georgiou, PhD, is Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Moussa Alodat
- Eleni Dokoutsidou, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Nursing, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Moussa Alodat, MD, is Consultant Gastroenterologist, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Christos Mavrogiannis, PhD, is Professor of Gastroenterology, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Konstantinos Georgiou, PhD, Biochemistry Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Eleftheria Giannakoulopoulou, PhD, is Lecturer, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Petros Galanis, PhD, is Lecturer, Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Constantinos Loukas, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Lars Enochsson, PhD, is Professor of Surgery, Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evangelos Georgiou, PhD, is Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Mavrogiannis
- Eleni Dokoutsidou, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Nursing, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Moussa Alodat, MD, is Consultant Gastroenterologist, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Christos Mavrogiannis, PhD, is Professor of Gastroenterology, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Konstantinos Georgiou, PhD, Biochemistry Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Eleftheria Giannakoulopoulou, PhD, is Lecturer, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Petros Galanis, PhD, is Lecturer, Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Constantinos Loukas, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Lars Enochsson, PhD, is Professor of Surgery, Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evangelos Georgiou, PhD, is Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Georgiou
- Eleni Dokoutsidou, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Nursing, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Moussa Alodat, MD, is Consultant Gastroenterologist, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Christos Mavrogiannis, PhD, is Professor of Gastroenterology, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Konstantinos Georgiou, PhD, Biochemistry Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Eleftheria Giannakoulopoulou, PhD, is Lecturer, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Petros Galanis, PhD, is Lecturer, Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Constantinos Loukas, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Lars Enochsson, PhD, is Professor of Surgery, Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evangelos Georgiou, PhD, is Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Giannakoulopoulou
- Eleni Dokoutsidou, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Nursing, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Moussa Alodat, MD, is Consultant Gastroenterologist, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Christos Mavrogiannis, PhD, is Professor of Gastroenterology, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Konstantinos Georgiou, PhD, Biochemistry Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Eleftheria Giannakoulopoulou, PhD, is Lecturer, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Petros Galanis, PhD, is Lecturer, Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Constantinos Loukas, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Lars Enochsson, PhD, is Professor of Surgery, Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evangelos Georgiou, PhD, is Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Galanis
- Eleni Dokoutsidou, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Nursing, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Moussa Alodat, MD, is Consultant Gastroenterologist, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Christos Mavrogiannis, PhD, is Professor of Gastroenterology, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Konstantinos Georgiou, PhD, Biochemistry Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Eleftheria Giannakoulopoulou, PhD, is Lecturer, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Petros Galanis, PhD, is Lecturer, Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Constantinos Loukas, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Lars Enochsson, PhD, is Professor of Surgery, Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evangelos Georgiou, PhD, is Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Loukas
- Eleni Dokoutsidou, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Nursing, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Moussa Alodat, MD, is Consultant Gastroenterologist, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Christos Mavrogiannis, PhD, is Professor of Gastroenterology, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Konstantinos Georgiou, PhD, Biochemistry Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Eleftheria Giannakoulopoulou, PhD, is Lecturer, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Petros Galanis, PhD, is Lecturer, Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Constantinos Loukas, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Lars Enochsson, PhD, is Professor of Surgery, Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evangelos Georgiou, PhD, is Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lars Enochsson
- Eleni Dokoutsidou, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Nursing, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Moussa Alodat, MD, is Consultant Gastroenterologist, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Christos Mavrogiannis, PhD, is Professor of Gastroenterology, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Konstantinos Georgiou, PhD, Biochemistry Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Eleftheria Giannakoulopoulou, PhD, is Lecturer, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Petros Galanis, PhD, is Lecturer, Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Constantinos Loukas, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Lars Enochsson, PhD, is Professor of Surgery, Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evangelos Georgiou, PhD, is Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Georgiou
- Eleni Dokoutsidou, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Nursing, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Moussa Alodat, MD, is Consultant Gastroenterologist, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Christos Mavrogiannis, PhD, is Professor of Gastroenterology, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Konstantinos Georgiou, PhD, Biochemistry Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Eleftheria Giannakoulopoulou, PhD, is Lecturer, Hepatogastroenterology Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Petros Galanis, PhD, is Lecturer, Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Constantinos Loukas, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Lars Enochsson, PhD, is Professor of Surgery, Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Evangelos Georgiou, PhD, is Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Simulation Center, Medical Physics Department, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Gu L, Liu Y, Jiang C, Sun L, Zhou H. Identification and clinical validation of metastasis-associated biomarkers based on large-scale samples in colon-adenocarcinoma. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105087. [PMID: 32683036 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Distant metastasis is the main cause of death in patients with colon-adenocarcinoma(COAD). Due to the lack of effective molecular markers and treatment, the prognosis of patients with metastatic colon cancer is still rather poor. METHODS Metastatic related signature (MRS) of stage I and stage IV in colon cancer were identified from different cohorts. Univariate cox regression is used to analyze the relationship between MRS and the overall survival. L1000FWD and DGIdb databases are used to identify molecular drugs. Expression and functional experimental validation of the hub MRS were carried out. RESULTS 16 MRS were identified, of which 14 MRS was significantly correlated with overall survival. Further functional enrichment analysis showed that MRS was significantly involved with important biological functions such as cell migration, and apoptosis. As important metastatic related genes, GSR, FAS and CYP1B1 have significant interaction with drug molecules. Further studies have confirmed that the expression of FAS and GSR is low, and inhibition of its expression can promote the metastasis of COAD. CYP1B1 expression is highly expressed, and inhibition of its expression can attenuate the malignant biological behavior of colon cancer. CONCLUSION Our research could increase the understanding of the mechanism of colon cancer metastasis and provide theoretical basis for the treatment of metastatic colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Longci Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
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Ma L, Wang H, Sun Y, Yang D, Pu L, Zhang X. P53-induced MRVI1 mediates carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:824-833. [PMID: 32589066 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1782465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide. Despite the advancements in current diagnosis and treatment strategies of CRC, the incidence and mortality rates of CRC have been rising. To explore novel mechanism of CRC, this study focused on the expression pattern and functional mechanism of murine retrovirus integration site 1 (MRVI1) in CRC.Methods: Tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected from CRC patients, and the expression levels of MRVI1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. MRVI1 knockdown was achieved by shRNA in HCT116 and HT29 cells, followed by CCK-8 assay to detect the cell proliferation, and caspase-3 activity assay combined with nucleosome ELISA assay to detect cell apoptosis. Transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion and luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the activation of the MRVI1 promoter by p53.Results: MRVI1 was downregulated in CRC tissues and several CRC cell lines. Knockdown of MRVI1 enhanced the proliferation and apoptosis, while promoted invasion and stemness of CRC cells. Mechanism study revealed that MRVI1 was transcriptionally activated by p53 at its upstream. In addition, p53-induced inhibition of CRC prognosis depended on MRVI1.Conclusion: MRVI1 inhibited the prognosis of CRC via a mechanism involving p53 activation. MRVI1 could serve as a potential target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Jilin, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Sun
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Jilin, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Pu
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Jilin, China
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Kwon WA, Seo HK. Usefulness of the mass screening program for colorectal cancer in China: further long-term validation is needed to confirm its value. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:427. [PMID: 32395471 PMCID: PMC7210160 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Whi-An Kwon
- Department of Urology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Seo
- Department of Urology, Center for Urologic Cancer, Hospital/Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Cytoprotective effects of (E)-N-(2-(3, 5-dimethoxystyryl) phenyl) furan-2-carboxamide (BK3C231) against 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced damage in CCD-18Co human colon fibroblast cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0223344. [PMID: 32365104 PMCID: PMC7197815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stilbenes are a group of chemicals characterized with the presence of 1,2-diphenylethylene. Previously, our group has demonstrated that synthesized (E)-N-(2-(3, 5-dimethoxystyryl) phenyl) furan-2-carboxamide (BK3C231) possesses potential chemopreventive activity specifically inducing NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) protein expression and activity. In this study, the cytoprotective effects of BK3C231 on cellular DNA and mitochondria were investigated in normal human colon fibroblast, CCD-18Co cells. The cells were pretreated with BK3C231 prior to exposure to the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). BK3C231 was able to inhibit 4NQO-induced cytotoxicity. Cells treated with 4NQO alone caused high level of DNA and mitochondrial damages. However, pretreatment with BK3C231 protected against these damages by reducing DNA strand breaks and micronucleus formation as well as decreasing losses of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cardiolipin. Interestingly, our study has demonstrated that nitrosative stress instead of oxidative stress was involved in 4NQO-induced DNA and mitochondrial damages. Inhibition of 4NQO-induced nitrosative stress by BK3C231 was observed through a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) level and an increase in glutathione (GSH) level. These new findings elucidate the cytoprotective potential of BK3C231 in human colon fibroblast CCD-18Co cell model which warrants further investigation into its chemopreventive role.
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Anticancer effect of X-Ray triggered methotrexate conjugated albumin coated bismuth sulfide nanoparticles on SW480 colon cancer cell line. Int J Pharm 2020; 582:119320. [PMID: 32278720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles (NPs) as radio-sensitizers and carriers has opened up a new horizon to overcome the limitations of chemo and radiotherapy. In this study, bovine serum albumin-coated Bi2S3 NPs (Bi2S3@BSA NPs) were synthesized and evaluated in terms of their ability to be used as a radio-sensitizer and carrier for methotrexate (MTX). Physicochemical properties of MTX conjugated Bi2S3@BSA NPs (Bi2S3@BSA-MTX NPs) were characterized by DLS, TEM, FTIR, UV/Vis, and XRD analyses. After the evaluation of cellular uptake and intracellular localization, the cytotoxicity of the combination of Bi2S3@BSA-MTX NPs and X-Ray radiation was analyzed against the SW480 cell line. The synthesized NPs exhibited spherical-like shapes and homogenous morphology, possessing a hydrodynamic diameter of 140.2 ± 5.71 nm (mean ± SD) and zeta potential of -25 mV. Also, the release study showed that the release of MTX is faster and higher in the presence of the proteinase K enzyme than the absence of the enzyme. The results of in-vitro chemo-radiation therapy indicated that the viability of treated cells with Bi2S3@BSA-MTX NPs is significantly lower than the cells treated with Bi2S3@BSA NPs. Furthermore, cells treated with Bi2S3@BSA-MTX NPs showed a lower degree of viability when combined with X-Ray radiation in comparison with the absence of irradiation, which confirmed the ability of the Bi2S3@BSA-MTX NPs as radio-sensitizer.
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Grobbee EJ, van der Vlugt M, van Vuuren AJ, Stroobants AK, Mallant-Hent RC, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Bossuyt PMM, Kuipers EJ, Dekker E, Spaander MCW. Diagnostic Yield of One-Time Colonoscopy vs One-Time Flexible Sigmoidoscopy vs Multiple Rounds of Mailed Fecal Immunohistochemical Tests in Colorectal Cancer Screening. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:667-675.e1. [PMID: 31419575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We compared the diagnostic yields of colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. METHODS A total of 30,007 asymptomatic persons, 50-74 years old, were invited for CRC screening in the Netherlands. Participants were assigned to groups that received 4 rounds of FIT (mailed to 15,046 participants), once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy (n = 8407), or once-only colonoscopy (n = 6600). Patients with positive results from the FIT (≥10 μg Hb/g feces) were referred for colonoscopy. Patients who underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy were referred for colonoscopy if they had a polyp of ≥10 mm; adenoma with ≥25% villous histology or high-grade dysplasia; sessile serrated adenoma; ≥3 adenomas; ≥20 hyperplastic polyps; or invasive CRC. The primary outcome was number of advanced neoplasia detected (diagnostic yield) by each test. Secondary outcomes were number of colonoscopies needed to detect advanced neoplasia and number of interval CRCs found during each primary screening test. Patients with interval CRCs were found through linkage with Netherlands Cancer Registry. Advanced neoplasia were defined as CRC, adenomas ≥ 10 mm, adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, or adenomas with a villous component of at least 25%. RESULTS The cumulative participation rate was significantly higher for FIT screening (73%) than for flexible sigmoidoscopy (31%; P < .001) or colonoscopy (24%; P < .001). The percentage of colonoscopies among invitees was higher for colonoscopy (24%) compared to FIT (13%; P < .001) or flexible sigmoidoscopy (3%; P < .001). In the intention to screen analysis, the cumulative diagnostic yield of advanced neoplasia was higher with FIT screening (4.5%; 95% CI 4.2-4.9) than with colonoscopy (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.8-2.6) or flexible sigmoidoscopy (2.3%; 95% CI, 2.0-2.7). In the as-screened analysis, the cumulative yield of advanced neoplasia was higher for endoscopic screening with colonoscopy (9.1%; 95% CI, 7.7-10.7) or flexible sigmoidoscopy (7.4%; 95% CI, 6.5-8.5) than with the FIT (6.1%; 95% CI, 5.7-6.6). All 3 screening strategies detected a similar proportion of patients with CRC. Follow-up times differed for each test (median 8.3 years for FIT and flexible sigmoidoscopy and 5.8 years for colonoscopy). Proportions of patients that developed interval CRC were 0.13% for persons with a negative result from FIT, 0.09% for persons with a negative result from flexible sigmoidoscopy, and 0.01% for persons with a negative result from colonoscopy. CONCLUSIONS Mailed multiple-round FITs detect significantly more advanced neoplasia, on a population level, compared with once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy screening. Significantly fewer colonoscopies are required by individuals screened by multiple FITs. Trialregister.nl numbers: first round, NTR1096; second round and additional invitees, NTR1512; fourth round, NTR5874; COCOS trial NTR1829.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmée J Grobbee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van der Vlugt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke J van Vuuren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - An K Stroobants
- Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick M M Bossuyt
- Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon C W Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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He H, Liu L, Liang R, Zhou H, Pan H, Zhang S, Cai L. Tumor-targeted nanoplatform for in situ oxygenation-boosted immunogenic phototherapy of colorectal cancer. Acta Biomater 2020; 104:188-197. [PMID: 31945508 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced colorectal cancer has a high mortality rate since conventional treatments have limited therapeutic effects and poor prognosis with high risks of metastasis and recurrence. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment modality for the eradication of colorectal cancer, but its curative efficacy is severely affected by tumor hypoxia. Herein, we developed a core-shell gold nanocage coated with manganese dioxide and hyaluronic acid (AMH) for targeted delivery to colorectal tumors and oxygenation-boosted immunogenic phototherapy in situ. The AMH nanoparticles can generate abundant oxygen from mild acidic/H2O2 medium, which can further enhance the PDT efficacy of AMH itself under near infrared (NIR) irradiation. Meanwhile, AMH-based PDT induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells with damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) release and facilitated the dendritic cells (DCs) maturation to further potentiate the systematic antitumor immunity against advanced tumors. In vivo experiment results exhibited that AMH nanoparticles not only had the ability of targeting tumor but also in situ produced sufficient oxygen to relieve the tumor hypoxia. Furthermore, AMH-mediated oxygen-boosted immunogenic PDT effectively inhibited the tumor growth and recurrence. Thus, this work provides a potent targeted delivery nanoplatform for enhanced immunogenic PDT against advanced cancers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Local hypoxic tumor microenvironment not only greatly limits the photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy, but also has an association with tumor invasiveness and metastasis. This study provides an AMH nanoparticle for targeted delivery to colorectal tumors and oxygenation-boosted immunogenic PDT in situ. AMH nanoparticle exhibits a good tumor-targeted ability to in situ produce abundant oxygen to relieve the tumor hypoxia, and initiates the potent oxygen-boosted immunogenic PDT effect under NIR irradiation to effectively inhibit the growth and recurrence of colorectal tumor. This oxygen-boosted immunogenic PDT nanosystem can be a promising candidate for advanced tumor treatment.
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Sun W, Wang L, Zhang Q, Dong Q. Microbial Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer Identified with Random Forest Model. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2020; 000:1-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
In China, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranked fourth and fifth in the highest incidence and mortality rates of all malignancies in 2018, respectively. Although these rates are below the world average, China placed first worldwide in the number of new CRC cases and CRC-related deaths because of its comparatively large population. This disease represents a threat to the health of population and incurs a heavy economic burden on the society and individuals. CRC has various risk factors, including age, sex, lifestyle, genetic factors, obesity, diabetes, gut microbiota status, and precancerous lesions. Furthermore, incidence and mortality rates of CRC are closely related to socioeconomic development levels, varying according to regional and population characteristics. Prevention is the main strategy to reduce incidence and mortality rates of CRC. This can be achieved through strategies stimulating lifestyle changes, healthy diet habits, and early screening for high-risk individuals. To reduce the burden of CRC, public health officials should promote prevention and management of modifiable risk factors through national policies. The rising incidence and mortality rates of CRC in China may be timely curbed by clarifying specific epidemiological characteristics, optimizing early screening strategies, and strictly implementing diagnosis and treatment guidelines. Thus, this study aimed to collect and report the current research status on epidemiology and risk factors of CRC in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zihan Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - An Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jingyi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University International Cancer Center, Beijing 100142, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
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Oh HH, Joo YE. Novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Intest Res 2019; 18:168-183. [PMID: 31766836 PMCID: PMC7206347 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2019.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common malignancies and remains a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite recent advances in surgical and multimodal therapies, the overall survival of advanced CRC patients remains very low. Cancer progression, including invasion and metastasis, is a major cause of death among CRC patients. The underlying mechanisms of action resulting in cancer progression are beginning to unravel. The reported molecular and biochemical mechanisms that might contribute to the phenotypic changes in favor of carcinogenesis include apoptosis inhibition, enhanced tumor cell proliferation, increased invasiveness, cell adhesion perturbations, angiogenesis promotion, and immune surveillance inhibition. These events may contribute to the development and progression of cancer. A biomarker is a molecule that can be detected in tissue, blood, or stool samples to allow the identification of pathological conditions such as cancer. Thus, it would be beneficial to identify reliable and practical molecular biomarkers that aid in the diagnostic and therapeutic processes of CRC. Recent research has targeted the development of biomarkers that aid in the early diagnosis and prognostic stratification of CRC. Despite that, the identification of diagnostic, prognostic, and/or predictive biomarkers remains challenging, and previously identified biomarkers might be insufficient to be clinically applicable or offer high patient acceptability. Here, we discuss recent advances in the development of molecular biomarkers for their potential usefulness in early and less-invasive diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Hoon Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, 3rd Fleet Medical Corps, Republic of Korea Navy, Yeongam, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Merrick DT. Sequencing the Events That Mediate Progression of Premalignant Lung Lesions. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4811-4813. [PMID: 31575628 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of a large group of patients with multifocal premalignant disease by Krysan and colleagues in this issue of Cancer Research provides an informative view of the processes that may underlie progression of these lesions to invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung. The identification of the type and distribution of mutational changes reveals that common processes may be occurring within individuals but that these are generally unique between patients at risk for developing lung cancer. Furthermore, predicted neoantigens are identified and associated with characteristics of immune infiltrates supporting the role of alterations in adaptive immune surveillance in progression of these premalignant lesions. These findings provide critical insights that will help establish a foundation of knowledge for developing personalized prevention strategies with the potential to significantly impact overall mortality in lung cancer.See related article by Krysan et al., p. 5022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Merrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Marín‐Vicente C, Mendes M, los Ríos V, Fernández‐Aceñero MJ, Casal JI. Identification and Validation of Stage‐Associated Serum Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Using MS‐Based Procedures. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 14:e1900052. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Marín‐Vicente
- Department of Molecular BiomedicineCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
- Proteomics facilityCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Mendes
- Department of Molecular BiomedicineCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | - Vivian los Ríos
- Proteomics facilityCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
| | | | - J. Ignacio Casal
- Department of Molecular BiomedicineCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
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van de Veerdonk W, Hoeck S, Peeters M, Van Hal G. Towards risk-stratified colorectal cancer screening. Adding risk factors to the fecal immunochemical test: Evidence, evolution and expectations. Prev Med 2019; 126:105746. [PMID: 31173802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With increasing incidence and mortality, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing health problem worldwide. An effective way to address CRC is by screening for fecal (occult) blood by the fecal immunochemical test (FIT). However, there is room for improvement since precursor lesions and CRC bleed intermittent and can therefore be missed by the FIT (false negatives) or, the detected blood did not result from precursor lesions or CRC (false positives). This review provides the latest evidence on risk prediction models using FIT combined with additional risk factors before colonoscopy, which risk factors to include and if these models will better discriminate between normal findings and CRC compared to the FIT-only. Many prediction models are known for CRC, but compared to the FIT, these are less effective in detecting CRC. The literature search resulted in 645 titles where 11 papers matched the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Comparing the FIT-only with the risk prediction models for detecting CRC resulted in a significantly increased discrimination for the models. In addition, 2 different risk-stratification categories before colonoscopy were distinguished, namely the 1-model approach which combined risk factors with FIT results in a prediction model while the 2 step approach used risk factors apart from the FIT. Finally, combining FIT with CRC risk factors by means of a model before colonoscopy seems effective regarding discriminative power, however, more research is needed for validation combined with transparent and standardized reporting to improve quality assessment, for which suggestions are reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel van de Veerdonk
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Social Epidemiology and Health Policy (SEHPO), University of Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Sarah Hoeck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Social Epidemiology and Health Policy (SEHPO), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Cancer Detection, Bruges, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy & Oncology (MIPRO), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido Van Hal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Social Epidemiology and Health Policy (SEHPO), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Cancer Detection, Bruges, Antwerp, Belgium
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