1
|
Kumar Kore R, Shirbhate E, Singh V, Mishra A, Veerasamy R, Rajak H. New Investigational Drug's Targeting Various Molecular Pathways for Treatment of Cervical Cancer: Current Status and Future Prospects. Cancer Invest 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38966000 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2373841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Currently, cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth recorded widespread cancer among women globally. There are still many cases of metastatic or recurring disease discovered, despite the incidence and fatality rates declining due to screening identification and innovative treatment approaches. Palliative chemotherapy continues to be the standard of care for patients who are not contenders for curative therapies like surgery and radiotherapy. This article seeks to provide a thorough and current summary of therapies that have been looked into for the management of CC. The authors emphasize the ongoing trials while reviewing the findings of clinical research. Agents that use biological mechanisms to target different molecular pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), poly ADP-ribosepolymerase (PARP), and epigenetic biological mechanisms epitomize and offer intriguing research prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Kore
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ekta Shirbhate
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vaibhav Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Achal Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Harish Rajak
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee J, Mani A, Shin MJ, Krauss RM. Leveraging altered lipid metabolism in treating B cell malignancies. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 95:101288. [PMID: 38964473 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
B cell malignancies, comprising over 80 heterogeneous blood cancers, pose significant prognostic challenges due to intricate oncogenic signaling. Emerging evidence emphasizes the pivotal role of disrupted lipid metabolism in the development of these malignancies. Variations in lipid species, such as phospholipids, cholesterol, sphingolipids, and fatty acids, are widespread across B cell malignancies, contributing to uncontrolled cell proliferation and survival. Phospholipids play a crucial role in initial signaling cascades leading to B cell activation and malignant transformation through constitutive B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Dysregulated cholesterol and sphingolipid homeostasis support lipid raft integrity, crucial for propagating oncogenic signals. Sphingolipids impact malignant B cell stemness, proliferation, and survival, while glycosphingolipids in lipid rafts modulate BCR activation. Additionally, cancer cells enhance fatty acid-related processes to meet heightened metabolic demands. In obese individuals, the obesity-derived lipids and adipokines surrounding adipocytes rewire lipid metabolism in malignant B cells, evading cytotoxic therapies. Genetic drivers such as MYC translocations also intrinsically alter lipid metabolism in malignant B cells. In summary, intrinsic and extrinsic factors converge to reprogram lipid metabolism, fostering aggressive phenotypes in B cell malignancies. Therefore, targeting altered lipid metabolism has translational potential for improving risk stratification and clinical management of diverse B cell malignancy subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Lee
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Arya Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pang Y, Chen Y, Lin M, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang L. MMSyn: A New Multimodal Deep Learning Framework for Enhanced Prediction of Synergistic Drug Combinations. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:3689-3705. [PMID: 38676916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Combination therapy is a promising strategy for the successful treatment of cancer. The large number of possible combinations, however, mean that it is laborious and expensive to screen for synergistic drug combinations in vitro. Nevertheless, because of the availability of high-throughput screening data and advances in computational techniques, deep learning (DL) can be a useful tool for the prediction of synergistic drug combinations. In this study, we proposed a multimodal DL framework, MMSyn, for the prediction of synergistic drug combinations. First, features embedded in the drug molecules were extracted: structure, fingerprint, and string encoding. Then, gene expression data, DNA copy number, and pathway activity were used to describe cancer cell lines. Finally, these processed features were integrated using an attention mechanism and an interaction module and then input into a multilayer perceptron to predict drug synergy. Experimental results showed that our method outperformed five state-of-the-art DL methods and three traditional machine learning models for drug combination prediction. We verified that MMSyn achieved superior performance in stratified cross-validation settings using both the drug combination and cell line data. Moreover, we performed a set of ablation experiments to illustrate the effectiveness of each component and the efficacy of our model. In addition, our visual representation and case studies further confirmed the effectiveness of our model. All results showed that MMSyn can be used as a powerful tool for the prediction of synergistic drug combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yihao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mujie Lin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Synthetic Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yonesi A, Tomihara K, Takatsuka D, Tachinami H, Yamazaki M, Jadidi ARY, Takaichi M, Imaue S, Fujiwara K, Yamada SI, Tanuma JI, Noguchi M. Rapamycin Induces Phenotypic Alterations in Oral Cancer Cells That May Facilitate Antitumor T Cell Responses. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1078. [PMID: 38791040 PMCID: PMC11117524 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the antitumor immunomodulatory effects of rapamycin in oral cancer. STUDY DESIGN We examined the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of cancer cells and investigated the cell surface expression levels of immune accessory molecules and T cell immune responses in vitro. We investigated the effect of in vivo administration of rapamycin on immune cell distribution and T cell immune responses in oral tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS Rapamycin treatment significantly inhibited OSCC cell proliferation and migration, increased apoptotic cell death, and upregulated cell surface expression of several immune accessory and adhesion molecules, including CD40, CD83, PD-L1, PD-L2, MHC class I, P-selectin, and VCAM-1. These cancer cells augmented T cell proliferation. In vivo rapamycin administration significantly attenuated mouse tumor growth with an increased proportion of immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs); decreased the proportion of immune suppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells; enhanced DC maturation and upregulated the surface expression of CD40, CD86, and ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the therapeutic effect of mTOR inhibition in oral cancer can cause direct antitumor and immunomodulatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirmoezz Yonesi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Kei Tomihara
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Danki Takatsuka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Hidetake Tachinami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan (J.-I.T.)
| | - Amir Reza Younesi Jadidi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Mayu Takaichi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Shuichi Imaue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Kumiko Fujiwara
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Japan;
| | - Shin-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Jun-Ichi Tanuma
- Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan (J.-I.T.)
| | - Makoto Noguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan (A.R.Y.J.); (M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pasdaran A, Grice ID, Hamedi A. A review of natural products and small-molecule therapeutics acting on central nervous system malignancies: Approaches for drug development, targeting pathways, clinical trials, and challenges. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22180. [PMID: 38680103 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In 2021, the World Health Organization released the fifth edition of the central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. This classification uses histopathology and molecular pathogenesis to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. The prognosis of brain cancer, particularly malignant tumors, has remained poor worldwide, approximately 308,102 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2020, with an estimated 251,329 deaths. The cost and time-consuming nature of studies to find new anticancer agents makes it necessary to have well-designed studies. In the present study, the pathways that can be targeted for drug development are discussed in detail. Some of the important cellular origins, signaling, and pathways involved in the efficacy of bioactive molecules against CNS tumorigenesis or progression, as well as prognosis and common approaches for treatment of different types of brain tumors, are reviewed. Moreover, different study tools, including cell lines, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial challenges, are discussed. In addition, in this article, natural products as one of the most important sources for finding new chemotherapeutics were reviewed and over 700 reported molecules with efficacy against CNS cancer cells are gathered and classified according to their structure. Based on the clinical trials that have been registered, very few of these natural or semi-synthetic derivatives have been studied in humans. The review can help researchers understand the involved mechanisms and design new goal-oriented studies for drug development against CNS malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Irwin Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Osipov A, Nikolic O, Gertych A, Parker S, Hendifar A, Singh P, Filippova D, Dagliyan G, Ferrone CR, Zheng L, Moore JH, Tourtellotte W, Van Eyk JE, Theodorescu D. The Molecular Twin artificial-intelligence platform integrates multi-omic data to predict outcomes for pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:299-314. [PMID: 38253803 PMCID: PMC10899109 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Contemporary analyses focused on a limited number of clinical and molecular biomarkers have been unable to accurately predict clinical outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Here we describe a precision medicine platform known as the Molecular Twin consisting of advanced machine-learning models and use it to analyze a dataset of 6,363 clinical and multi-omic molecular features from patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to accurately predict disease survival (DS). We show that a full multi-omic model predicts DS with the highest accuracy and that plasma protein is the top single-omic predictor of DS. A parsimonious model learning only 589 multi-omic features demonstrated similar predictive performance as the full multi-omic model. Our platform enables discovery of parsimonious biomarker panels and performance assessment of outcome prediction models learning from resource-intensive panels. This approach has considerable potential to impact clinical care and democratize precision cancer medicine worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arsen Osipov
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Oncology, Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Arkadiusz Gertych
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Parker
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Hendifar
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Grant Dagliyan
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason H Moore
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Warren Tourtellotte
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu S, Liu TCY. Mechanism of action of photobiomodulation with light-emitting diode on the glutamine-dependent CT26 cell. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300353. [PMID: 37824572 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of action of photobiomodulation (PBM) with light-emitting diode (led) 640 nm of glutamine-dependent CT26 cells. Cells were exposed to 0.147-10.979 mW/cm2 of 640 ± 15 nm laser light for 15 min/day for 10 days. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT (3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-diphenytetrazoliumromide) and annexin V-FITC assays. mRNA and protein levels of cell proliferation-related genes were measured by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. With Gln 7.94 mM, on Day 8 and 10, genes GLUT1, MEK1, ERK2, BCL2, E2F1, HO-1, Ctnnb1, and Per2 was significantly upregulated (p < 0.01) of glutamine addiction. In PBM therapy, compared with the non-illuminated group, 2.17 mW/cm2 can significantly reduce cell apoptosis, the mRNA level of gene mTOR1 was significantly upregulated, and the protein level of raptor of GLUT1 and mTOR1, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 were upregulated. LED 640 nm inhibits cell apoptosis without increasing cell proliferation by regulating GLUT1, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojuan Hu
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, HengYang Normal University, Hengyang, China
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mohite R, Doshi G. Elucidation of the Role of the Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Malignancies. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:231-244. [PMID: 37526459 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230801094826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway modulates cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and movement. Moreover, significant studies have shown that the genes involved in this pathway are frequently activated in human cancer. Observational and computational modeling of the PI3K/AKt/ mTOR pathway inhibitors has been explored in clinical trials. It has been observed that the effectiveness and safety evidence from clinical studies and various inhibitors of this route have been given FDA approval. In this review article, we focused on the processes behind the overactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer and provided an overview of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors as either individual drugs or a combination of different doses of drugs for different types of cancer. Furthermore, the review discusses the biological function and activation of the PI3K/AKt/mTOR signaling and their role in the development of cancers. Additionally, we discussed the potential challenges and corresponding prediction biomarkers of response and resistance for PI3K/Akt/m- TOR inhibitor development. The article focuses on the most current breakthroughs in using the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to target certain molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Mohite
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakazato I, Shiomi T, Oyama K, Matsuno A, Inomoto C, Yoshiyuki Osamura R. Immunohistochemical Analyses of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Expression in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs): mTOR as a Therapeutic Target for Functional PitNETs. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:121-126. [PMID: 38318106 PMCID: PMC10838633 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic modalities for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) include medication, surgery, and radiotherapy. Some patients have tumors that are refractory to current modalities. Therefore, novel treatment options are needed for patients with intractable diseases. Consequently, we examined the pathological data of PitNETs to study medical therapies. We retrospectively studied 120 patients with histologically diagnosed PitNETs. We used the data for the histopathological examination of hormones, such as growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and α-subunit, together with the immunohistochemical studies of the phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), cytokeratin (CAM5.2), somatostatin receptor (SSTR) type 2 and 5, Pit-1 (POU1F1/GHF-1), steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), and Tpit. GH-, PRL-, and SSTR5-immunopositive PitNETs had significantly higher percentage of mTOR-positivity, compared with GH-, PRL-, and SSTR5-immunonegative Pit NETs. Our results show that activation of the AKT/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway, including mTOR activation, might be related the development of PitNETs, especially GH- and PRL-producing PitNETs. Thus, mTOR is a potential target for treating functional PitNETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Nakazato
- Basic Medical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Medicine, 4–3 Kozunomori, Narita City, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, 1–4–3 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shiomi
- Department of Pathology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, 1–4–3 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, 1–4–3 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda, Narita City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chie Inomoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - R. Yoshiyuki Osamura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Koukan Hospital, 1–2–1, Koukan-Dori, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amano S, Hirashita T, Kawano Y, Nishida H, Orimoto H, Kawamura M, Kawasaki T, Masuda T, Endo Y, Ohta M, Daa T, Inomata M. Apoptosis-related factors are relevant to progression of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:381. [PMID: 38082268 PMCID: PMC10714622 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidisciplinary therapy centered on antitumor drugs is indicated in patients with unresectable pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). However, the criteria for selection of optimal therapeutic agents is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the malignancy of PanNET for optimal therapeutic drug selection. METHODS Forty-seven patients with PanNET who underwent surgery were reviewed retrospectively, and immunohistochemical characteristics, including expression of GLUT1, SSTR2a, SSTR5, Survivin, X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and Caspase3 in the resected specimens, were investigated. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated with regard to the characteristics using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS GLUT1 expression showed significant correlation with sex (p = 0.036) and mitotic rate (p = 0.048). Survivin and XIAP expression showed significant correlation with T-stage (p = 0.014 and 0.009), p-Stage (p = 0.028 and 0.045), and mitotic rate (p = 0.023 and 0.007). XIAP expression also significantly influenced OS (p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS Survivin and XIAP correlated with grade of malignancy, and expression of XIAP in particular was associated with a poor prognosis. Expression of these proteins may be a useful indicator to select optimal therapeutic agents in PanNET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Amano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
| | - Teijiro Hirashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Haruto Nishida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Orimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Takahide Kawasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery for Community Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuda
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yuichi Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
- Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Daa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang G, Hucek D, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J. Applications of oxetanes in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115802. [PMID: 37713805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The compact and versatile oxetane motifs have gained significant attention in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry campaigns. This review presents an overview of the diverse applications of oxetanes in clinical and preclinical drug candidates targeting various human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, metabolic disorders, and others. Special attention is given to biologically active oxetane-containing compounds and their disease-related targets, such as kinases, epigenetic and non-epigenetic enzymes, and receptors. The review also details the effect of the oxetane motif on important properties, including aqueous solubility, lipophilicity, pKa, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux, metabolic stability, conformational preferences, toxicity profiles (e.g., cytochrome P450 (CYP) suppression and human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibition), pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, potency, and target selectivity. We anticipate that this work will provide valuable insights that can drive future discoveries of novel bioactive oxetane-containing small molecules, enabling their effective application in combating a wide range of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Devon Hucek
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li HP, Huang CY, Lui KW, Chao YK, Yeh CN, Lee LY, Huang Y, Lin TL, Kuo YC, Huang MY, Fan HC, Lin AC, Hsieh CH, Chang KP, Lin CY, Wang HM, Chao M, Liu JS, Chang YS, Hsu CL. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient-derived xenograft mouse models reveal potential drugs targeting cell cycle, mTOR, and autophagy pathways. Transl Oncol 2023; 38:101785. [PMID: 37713975 PMCID: PMC10509698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. To test preclinical NPC drugs, we established two patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models, EBV-positive PDX-B13 and EBV-negative PDX-Li41, for drug screening. METHODS Based on next generation sequencing (NGS) studies, PDX-B13 had CCND1 copy number (CN) gain but CDKN2A CN loss, whereas PDX-Li41 had CDKN2A and RB1 CN loss, TSC1 (negative regulator of mTOR) frameshift deletion mutation, and increased activation of mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase that governs metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis. Increased mTOR was also associated with poor NPC prognosis. RESULTS Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, suppressed tumor growth in the two PDX NPC models and had an additive antitumor effect with palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor. PDX tumors treated with various drugs or untreated were subjected to RNA sequencing, transcriptome profile analysis, and selective Western blotting to understand the interactions between these drugs and gene expression profiles. Palbociclib also suppressed EB viral nuclear antigen (EBNA1) expression in PDX-B13. Everolimus together with autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine, had additive anti-tumor effect on PDX-B13 tumor. Immunohistochemistry revealed that high mTOR levels were correlated with poor overall survival in patients with metastatic NPC (N = 90). CONCLUSIONS High mTOR levels are a poor prognostic factor in NPC, and cell cycle, mTOR and autophagy pathways may serve as therapeutic targets in NPC. In addition, PDX models can be used for efficiently testing potential NPC drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kar-Wai Lui
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Kai Chao
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Liang Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chia Kuo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yuan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chi Fan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - An-Chi Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Radiation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Mei Chao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Shin Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 30015, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lung Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lopez JJD, Gaza JT, Nellas RB. The role of glycerol-water mixtures in the stability of FKBP12-rapalog-FRB complexes. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 124:108556. [PMID: 37423019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamic and biophysical implications of the introduction of a co-solvent during protein-ligand binding remain elusive. Using ternary complexes of 12-kDa FK506 binding protein (FKBP12), FKBP-rapamycin binding (FRB) domain of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, and rapamycin analogs (rapalogs) in glycerol-water mixtures, the influence of solvent composition on ligand binding dynamics was explored. The pharmaceutical potential of rapalogs and the utility of glycerol as a co-solvent in drug delivery applications were critical in deciding the system to be studied. Consolidation of existing studies on rapamycin modification was first performed to strategically design a new rapalog called T1. The results from 100-ns dual-boost Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations showed that protein stability was induced in the presence of glycerol. Reweighting of the trajectories revealed that the glycerol-rich solvent system lowers the energy barrier in the conformational space of the protein while also preserving native contacts between the ligand and the residues in the binding site. Calculated binding free energies using MM/GBSA also showed that electrostatic energy and polar contribution of solvation energy are heavily influenced by the changes in solvation. Glycerol molecules are preferentially excluded through electrostatic interactions from the solvation shell which induce complex stability as seen in existing experiments. Hence, using glycerol as a co-solvent in rapamycin delivery has a significant role in maintaining stability. In addition, compound T1 is a potential mTORC1-selective inhibitor with strong affinity for the FKBP12-FRB complex. This study aims to provide insights on the design of new rapalogs, and the applicability of glycerol as co-solvent for FKBP12-rapalog-FRB complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Jener D Lopez
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Jokent T Gaza
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Ricky B Nellas
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang NN, Ban YJ, Wang YJ, He SY, Qi PP, Bi T, Ma YF, Dong YX, Guo B, Weng J, Li HL, Tang L, Zhang JQ. Virtual screening of novel mTOR inhibitors for the potential treatment of human colorectal cancer. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106781. [PMID: 37597440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal activation of the mTOR pathway is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer, especially colorectal cancer. In this study, a rational virtual screening strategy has been established and MT-5, a novel mTOR inhibitor with a quinoline scaffold, was obtained from the ChemDiv database. MT-5 showed potent kinase inhibitory activity (IC50: 8.90 μM) and antiproliferative effects against various cancer cell lines, especially HCT-116 cells (IC50: 4.61 μM), and this was 2.2-fold more potent than that of the cisplatin control (IC50: 9.99 μM). Western blot, cell migration, cycle arrest, and apoptosis assays were performed with HCT-116 cells to investigate the potential anticancer mechanism of MT-5. Metabolic stability results in vitro indicated that MT-5 exhibited good stability profiles in artificial gastrointestinal fluids, rat plasma, and liver microsomes. In addition, the key contribution of the residues around the binding pocket of MT-5 in binding to the mTOR protein was also investigated from a computational perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Juan Ban
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Si-Yu He
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pan-Pan Qi
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ting Bi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yi-Fei Ma
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yong-Xi Dong
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiang Weng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Piracha ZZ, Saeed U. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1 (LRIG1) is downregulated in Invasive ductal carcinoma and potential prognostic marker of breast cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1870-1879. [PMID: 38376291 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_105_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LRIG1 belongs to the family of transmembrane proteins containing leucine-rich repeats. LRIGs are considered as tumor suppressors as they negatively regulate receptor tyrosine kinases. The role of LRIG1 as an EGFR regulator makes it an important marker to be studied in various epithelial-derived cancers. METHODS LRIG1 expression was determined in Erbb2 + cell lines by western blotting, and cell motility was examined by cell migration assay. The AKT/GSK3-β/β-catenin pathway was determined in the presence of LRIG1 and Erbb2 by using western blotting. RESULTS So far, no study has reported the expression of LRIG1 in benign forms of tumor such as fibroadenoma. The current study aims to analyze LRIG1 expression in fibroadenoma and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissues. In this study, we compared the LRIG1 expression with different clinicopathological parameters of patients having IDC or fibroadenoma. LRIG1 expression was low in Erbb2+ cell lines, and more cell motility was observed. The AKT/GSK3-β/β-catenin pathway was activated when LRIG1 was downregulated; consequently, Erbb2 was upregulated. Our results indicated that LRIG1 expression can be significantly correlated with age, Nottingham index, and Her2/neu status of cancer. The expression of LRIG1 in IDC and fibroadenoma were found to be significantly different. CONCLUSION The fibroadenoma tissue sections were found to express LRIG1 more intensely as compared to the IDC sections, which are in line with the studies reporting reduced copy number of the gene either due to gene deletion or transcriptional inhibition. This further supports that the downregulation of LRIG1 may lead to malignant tumor acting as a tumor suppressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zahid Piracha
- International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad (44000) Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, AJOU University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16222-16713, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Umar Saeed
- International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad (44000) Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, AJOU University, San 5, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16222-16713, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Farmaki E, Nath A, Emond R, Karimi KL, Grolmusz VK, Cosgrove PA, Bild AH. ONC201/TIC10 enhances durability of mTOR inhibitor everolimus in metastatic ER+ breast cancer. eLife 2023; 12:e85898. [PMID: 37772709 PMCID: PMC10541180 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, is an important clinical management component of metastatic ER+ breast cancer (BC). However, most patients develop resistance and progress on therapy, highlighting the need to discover strategies that increase mTOR inhibitor effectiveness. We developed ER+ BC cell lines, sensitive or resistant to everolimus, and discovered that combination treatment of ONC201/TIC10 with everolimus inhibited cell growth in 2D/3D in vitro studies. We confirmed increased therapeutic response in primary patient cells progressing on everolimus, supporting clinical relevance. We show that ONC201/TIC10 mechanism in metastatic ER+ BC cells involves oxidative phosphorylation inhibition and stress response activation. Transcriptomic analysis in everolimus resistant breast patient tumors and mitochondrial functional assays in resistant cell lines demonstrated increased mitochondrial respiration dependency, contributing to ONC201/TIC10 sensitivity. We propose that ONC201/TIC10 and modulation of mitochondrial function may provide an effective add-on therapy strategy for patients with metastatic ER+ BCs resistant to mTOR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Farmaki
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteUnited States
| | - Aritro Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteUnited States
| | - Rena Emond
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteUnited States
| | - Kimya L Karimi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteUnited States
| | - Vince K Grolmusz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteUnited States
| | - Patrick A Cosgrove
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteUnited States
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rabaglino MB, Forde N, Besenfelder U, Havlicek V, Blum H, Graf A, Wolf E, Lonergan P. Maternal metabolic status and in-vitro culture conditions during embryonic genome activation deregulate the expression of energy-related genes in the bovine 16-cells embryo. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290689. [PMID: 37624829 PMCID: PMC10456174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular consequences of the metabolic stress caused by milk production of dairy cows in the early embryo are largely unknown. The objective was to determine the impact of dam metabolic status or in vitro culture during embryonic genome activation (EGA) on the transcriptomic profiles of bovine 16-cell stage embryos. Two days after synchronized oestrus, in vitro produced 2- to 4-cell stage embryos were endoscopically transferred in pools of 50 into the oviduct ipsilateral to the corpus luteum of lactating (LACT, n = 3) or nonlactating (i.e. dried off immediately at calving; DRY, n = 3) dairy cows. On Day 4, the oviducts were flushed to recover the embryos. Pools of five Day-2 embryos (n = 5) and Day-4 16-cell stage embryos obtained in vitro (n = 3) or from LACT or DRY cows were subjected to RNAseq. Temporally differentially expressed genes (DEG; FDR<0.05) between Day-2 and Day-4 embryos were determined considering the differences between the three conditions under which EGA occurred. Also, DEG between Day-4 embryos derived from the three conditions were identified. Functional analysis of the temporal DEG demonstrated that genes involved in ribosome, translation and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria were strongly more expressed in Day-4 than Day-2 embryos. Comparison of Day-4 embryos that underwent EGA in vitro, or in LACT or DRY cows, identified DEG enriching for mitochondrial respiration and protein translation, including the mTOR pathway. In conclusion, exposure of the embryo to an unfavourable maternal metabolic status during EGA influences its transcriptome and potentially the competence for pregnancy establishment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. Rabaglino
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Forde
- Division of Reproduction and Early Development, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Urban Besenfelder
- Reproduction Centre Wieselburg RCW, Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitezslav Havlicek
- Reproduction Centre Wieselburg RCW, Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mir SA, Dar A, Alshehri SA, Wahab S, Hamid L, Almoyad MAA, Ali T, Bader GN. Exploring the mTOR Signalling Pathway and Its Inhibitory Scope in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1004. [PMID: 37513916 PMCID: PMC10384750 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase that regulates cellular growth, development, survival, and metabolism through integration of diverse extracellular and intracellular stimuli. Additionally, mTOR is involved in interplay of signalling pathways that regulate apoptosis and autophagy. In cells, mTOR is assembled into two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. While mTORC1 is regulated by energy consumption, protein intake, mechanical stimuli, and growth factors, mTORC2 is regulated by insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). mTOR signalling pathways are considered the hallmark in cancer due to their dysregulation in approximately 70% of cancers. Through downstream regulators, ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), mTORC1 influences various anabolic and catabolic processes in the cell. In recent years, several mTOR inhibitors have been developed with the aim of treating different cancers. In this review, we will explore the current developments in the mTOR signalling pathway and its importance for being targeted by various inhibitors in anti-cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Ahmad Mir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ashraf Dar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Saad Ali Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laraibah Hamid
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Khamis Mushyt, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tabasum Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ghulam Nabi Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sasongko TH, Kademane K, Chai Soon Hou S, Jocelyn TXY, Zabidi-Hussin Z. Rapamycin and rapalogs for tuberous sclerosis complex. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 7:CD011272. [PMID: 37432030 PMCID: PMC10334695 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011272.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential benefits of rapamycin or rapalogs for treating people with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) have been shown. Currently everolimus (a rapalog) is only approved for TSC-associated renal angiomyolipoma and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), but not other manifestations of TSC. A systematic review needs to establish evidence for rapamycin or rapalogs for various manifestations in TSC. This is an updated review. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of rapamycin or rapalogs in people with TSC for decreasing tumour size and other manifestations and to assess the safety of rapamycin or rapalogs in relation to their adverse effects. SEARCH METHODS We identified relevant studies from the Cochrane-Central-Register-of-Controlled-Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid MEDLINE and ongoing trials registries with no language restrictions. We searched conference proceedings and abstract books of conferences. Date of the last searches: 15 July 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of rapamycin or rapalogs in people with TSC. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of each study; a third review author verified the extracted data and risk of bias decisions. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS The current update added seven RCTs, bringing the total number to 10 RCTs (with 1008 participants aged 3 months to 65 years; 484 males). All TSC diagnoses were by consensus criteria as a minimum. In parallel studies, 645 participants received active interventions and 340 placebo. Evidence is low-to-high certainty and study quality is mixed; mostly a low risk of bias across domains, but one study had a high risk of performance bias (lack of blinding) and three studies had a high risk of attrition bias. Manufacturers of the investigational products supported eight studies. Systemic administration Six studies (703 participants) administered everolimus (rapalog) orally. More participants in the intervention arm reduced renal angiomyolipoma size by 50% (risk ratio (RR) 24.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.51 to 173.41; P = 0.001; 2 studies, 162 participants, high-certainty evidence). In the intervention arm, more participants in the intervention arm reduced SEGA tumour size by 50% (RR 27.85, 95% CI 1.74 to 444.82; P = 0.02; 1 study; 117 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) ,and reported more skin responses (RR 5.78, 95% CI 2.30 to 14.52; P = 0.0002; 2 studies; 224 participants; high-certainty evidence). In one 18-week study (366 participants), the intervention led to 25% fewer seizures (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.09; P = 0.0001) or 50% fewer seizures (RR 2.28, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.60; P = 0.0004); but there was no difference in numbers being seizure-free (RR 5.30, 95% CI 0.69 to 40.57; P = 0.11) (moderate-certainty evidence). One study (42 participants) showed no difference in neurocognitive, neuropsychiatry, behavioural, sensory and motor development (low-certainty evidence). Total adverse events (AEs) did not differ between groups (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.22; P = 0.16; 5 studies; 680 participants; high-certainty evidence). However, the intervention group experienced more AEs resulting in withdrawal, interruption of treatment, or reduced dose (RR 2.61, 95% CI 1.58 to 4.33; P = 0.0002; 4 studies; 633 participants; high-certainty evidence and also reported more severe AEs (RR 2.35, 95% CI 0.99 to 5.58; P = 0.05; 2 studies; 413 participants; high-certainty evidence). Topical (skin) administration Four studies (305 participants) administered rapamycin topically. More participants in the intervention arm showed a response to skin lesions (RR 2.72, 95% CI 1.76 to 4.18; P < 0.00001; 2 studies; 187 participants; high-certainty evidence) and more participants in the placebo arm reported a deterioration of skin lesions (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.49; 1 study; 164 participants; high-certainty evidence). More participants in the intervention arm responded to facial angiofibroma at one to three months (RR 28.74, 95% CI 1.78 to 463.19; P = 0.02) and three to six months (RR 39.39, 95% CI 2.48 to 626.00; P = 0.009; low-certainty evidence). Similar results were noted for cephalic plaques at one to three months (RR 10.93, 95% CI 0.64 to 186.08; P = 0.10) and three to six months (RR 7.38, 95% CI 1.01 to 53.83; P = 0.05; low-certainty evidence). More participants on placebo showed a deterioration of skin lesions (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.49; P < 0.0001; 1 study; 164 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The intervention arm reported a higher general improvement score (MD -1.01, 95% CI -1.68 to -0.34; P < 0.0001), but no difference specifically in the adult subgroup (MD -0.75, 95% CI -1.58 to 0.08; P = 0.08; 1 study; 36 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Participants in the intervention arm reported higher satisfaction than with placebo (MD -0.92, 95% CI -1.79 to -0.05; P = 0.04; 1 study; 36 participants; low-certainty evidence), although again with no difference among adults (MD -0.25, 95% CI -1.52 to 1.02; P = 0.70; 1 study; 18 participants; low-certainty evidence). Groups did not differ in change in quality of life at six months (MD 0.30, 95% CI -1.01 to 1.61; P = 0.65; 1 study; 62 participants; low-certainty evidence). Treatment led to a higher risk of any AE compared to placebo (RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.10, 2.67; P = 0.02; 3 studies; 277 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); but no difference between groups in severe AEs (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.19 to 3.15; P = 0.73; 1 study; 179 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Oral everolimus reduces the size of SEGA and renal angiomyolipoma by 50%, reduces seizure frequency by 25% and 50% and implements beneficial effects on skin lesions with no difference in the total number of AEs compared to placebo; however, more participants in the treatment group required a dose reduction, interruption or withdrawal and marginally more experienced serious AEs compared to placebo. Topical rapamycin increases the response to skin lesions and facial angiofibroma, an improvement score, satisfaction and the risk of any AE, but not severe adverse events. With caution regarding the risk of severe AEs, this review supports oral everolimus for renal angiomyolipoma, SEGA, seizure, and skin lesions, and topical rapamycin for facial angiofibroma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teguh Haryo Sasongko
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumaraswamy Kademane
- Department of Pharmacology, Arunai Medical College and Hospital, Tiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Stanley Chai Soon Hou
- Perdana University - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) School of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tan Xin Yi Jocelyn
- Perdana University - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) School of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Safaroghli-Azar A, Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) classes: From cell signaling to endocytic recycling and autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175827. [PMID: 37269974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid signaling is defined as any biological signaling action in which a lipid messenger binds to a protein target, converting its effects to specific cellular responses. In this complex biological pathway, the family of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) represents a pivotal role and affects many aspects of cellular biology from cell survival, proliferation, and migration to endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, metabolism, and autophagy. While yeasts have a single isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammals possess eight PI3K types divided into three classes. The class I PI3Ks have set the stage to widen research interest in the field of cancer biology. The aberrant activation of class I PI3Ks has been identified in 30-50% of human tumors, and activating mutations in PIK3CA is one of the most frequent oncogenes in human cancer. In addition to indirect participation in cell signaling, class II and III PI3Ks primarily regulate vesicle trafficking. Class III PI3Ks are also responsible for autophagosome formation and autophagy flux. The current review aims to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the latest discoveries regarding PI3Ks-mediated cell biological processes. Also, we unravel the mechanisms by which pools of the same phosphoinositides (PIs) derived from different PI3K types act differently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Boop S, Bonda D, Randle S, Leary S, Vitanza N, Crotty E, Novotny E, Friedman S, Ellenbogen RG, Durfy S, Goldstein H, Ojemann JG, Hauptman JS. A Comparison of Clinical Outcomes for Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas Treated with Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy, Open Surgical Resection, and mTOR Inhibitors. Pediatr Neurosurg 2023; 58:150-159. [PMID: 37232001 DOI: 10.1159/000531210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is the most common CNS tumor in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Although these are benign, their proximity to the foramen of Monroe frequently causes obstructive hydrocephalus, a potentially fatal complication. Open surgical resection has been the mainstay of treatment; however, this can cause significant morbidity. The development of mTOR inhibitors has changed the treatment landscape, but there are limitations to their use. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is an emerging treatment modality that has shown promise in treatment of a variety of intracranial lesions, including SEGAs. We present a single institution, retrospective study of patients treated for SEGAs with LITT, open resection, mTOR inhibitors, or a combination of these modalities. The primary study outcome was tumor volume at most recent follow-up compared with volume at treatment initiation. The secondary outcome was clinical complications associated with treatment modality. METHODS Retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with SEGAs treated at our institution from 2010 to 2021. Demographics, treatment information, and complications were collected from the medical record. Tumor volumes were calculated from imaging obtained at initiation of treatment and at most recent follow-up. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric testing was used to assess differences in tumor volume and follow-up duration between groups. RESULTS Four patients underwent LITT (3 with LITT only), three underwent open surgical resection, and four were treated with mTOR inhibitors only. Mean percent tumor volume reduction for each group was 48.6 ± 13.8, 90.7 ± 39.8, and 67.1 ± 17.2%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was identified comparing percent tumor volume reduction between the three groups (p = 0.0513). Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in follow-up duration between groups (p = 0.223). Only 1 patient in our series required permanent CSF diversion and 4 discontinued or decreased the dose of mTOR inhibitor due to either cost or side effects. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that LITT could be considered as a treatment option for SEGAs as it was effective in reducing tumor volume with very few complications. This modality is less invasive than open resection and may be an alternative for patients who are not candidates for mTOR inhibitors. We recommend an updated paradigm for SEGA treatment which includes LITT in select cases after consideration of patient-specific factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Boop
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Bonda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie Randle
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah Leary
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicholas Vitanza
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's, University of Washington, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin Crotty
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Edward Novotny
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Seth Friedman
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sharon Durfy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hannah Goldstein
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Ojemann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jason S Hauptman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vasilatis DM, Lucchesi CA, Ghosh PM. Molecular Similarities and Differences between Canine Prostate Cancer and Human Prostate Cancer Variants. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041100. [PMID: 37189720 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs are one of few species that naturally develop prostate cancer (PCa), which clinically resembles aggressive, advanced PCa in humans. Moreover, PCa-tumor samples from dogs are often androgen receptor (AR)-negative and may enrich our understanding of AR-indifferent PCa in humans, a highly lethal subset of PCa for which few treatment modalities are available This narrative review discusses the molecular similarities between dog PCa and specific human-PCa variants, underscoring the possibilities of using the dog as a novel pre-clinical animal model for human PCa, resulting in new therapies and diagnostics that may benefit both species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demitria M Vasilatis
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA)-Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | | | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA)-Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95718, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
AMPK Phosphorylation Impacts Apoptosis in Differentiating Myoblasts Isolated from Atrophied Rat Soleus Muscle. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060920. [PMID: 36980261 PMCID: PMC10047078 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regrowth of atrophied myofibers depends on muscle satellite cells (SCs) that exist outside the plasma membrane. Muscle atrophy appears to result in reduced number of SCs due to apoptosis. Given reduced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity during differentiation of primary myoblasts derived from atrophic muscle, we hypothesized that there may be a potential link between AMPK and susceptibility of differentiating myoblasts to apoptosis. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of AMPK activation (via AICAR treatment) on apoptosis in differentiating myoblasts derived from atrophied rat soleus muscle. Thirty rats were randomly assigned to the following two groups: control (C, n = 10) and 7-day hindlimb suspension (HS, n = 20). Myoblasts derived from the soleus muscles of HS rats were divided into two parts: AICAR-treated cells and non-treated cells. Apoptotic processes were evaluated by using TUNEL assay, RT-PCR and WB. In differentiating myoblasts derived from the atrophied soleus, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in parallel with increased number of apoptotic nuclei and a significant upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers (caspase-3, -9, BAX, p53) compared to the cells derived from control muscles. AICAR treatment of atrophic muscle-derived myoblasts during differentiation prevented reductions in AMPK and ACC phosphorylation as well as maintained the number of apoptotic nuclei and the expression of pro-apoptotic markers at the control levels. Thus, the maintenance of AMPK activity can suppress enhanced apoptosis in differentiating myoblasts derived from atrophied rat soleus muscle.
Collapse
|
24
|
Pagani F, Gryzik M, Somenza E, Cominelli M, Balzarini P, Schreiber A, Mattavelli D, Nicolai P, Doglietto F, Poliani PL. Targeting mTOR Pathway in PTEN Deleted Newly Isolated Chordoma Cell Line. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030425. [PMID: 36983607 PMCID: PMC10056194 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare primary malignant tumours of notochordal origin usually arising along the axial skeleton with particular predilection of the skull base and sacrococcygeal region. Albeit usually slow-growing, chordomas can be aggressive mostly depending on their invasive behaviour and according to different histotypes and molecular alterations, including TBXT duplication and SMARCB1 homozygous deletion. Partial or complete PTEN deficiency has also been observed. PTEN is a negative regulator of the Akt/mTOR pathway and hyperactivation of Akt/mTOR in cells lacking PTEN expression contributes to cell proliferation and invasiveness. This pathway is targeted by mTOR inhibitors and the availability of in vitro models of chordoma cells will aid in further investigating this issue. However, isolation and maintenance of chordoma cell lines are challenging and PTEN-deleted chordoma cell lines are exceedingly rare. Hereby, we established and characterized a novel human PTEN-deleted chordoma cell line (CH3) from a primary skull base chordoma. Cells exhibited morphological and molecular features of the parent tumour, including PTEN loss and expression of Brachyury and EMA. Moreover, we investigated the activation of the mTOR pathway and cell response to mTOR inhibitors. CH3 cells were sensitive to Rapamycin treatment suggesting that mTOR inhibitors may represent a valuable option for patients suffering from PTEN-deleted chordomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Gryzik
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Somenza
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Manuela Cominelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Piera Balzarini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Schreiber
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Mattavelli
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova—Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Doglietto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-3998-(407); Fax: +39-030-3995-377
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Occhiuzzi MA, Lico G, Ioele G, De Luca M, Garofalo A, Grande F. Recent advances in PI3K/PKB/mTOR inhibitors as new anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114971. [PMID: 36462440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical role of the PI3K/PKB/mTOR signalling pathway in cell-cycle regulation is now well known. During the onset and development of different forms of cancer it becomes overactive reducing apoptosis and allowing cell proliferation. Therefore, this pathway has become an important target for the treatment of various forms of malignant tumors, including breast cancer and follicular lymphoma. Recently, several more or less selective inhibitors targeting these proteins have been identified. In general, drugs that act on multiple targets within the entire pathway are more efficient than single targeting inhibitors. Multiple inhibitors exhibit high potency and limited drug resistance, resulting in promising anticancer agents. In this context, the present survey focuses on small molecule drugs capable of modulating the PI3K/PKB/mTOR signalling pathway, thus representing drugs or drug candidates to be used in the pharmacological treatment of different forms of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gernando Lico
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ioele
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Antonio Garofalo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Evrard D, Dumont C, Gatineau M, Delord JP, Fayette J, Dreyer C, Tijeras-Raballand A, de Gramont A, Delattre JF, Granier M, Aissat N, Garcia-Larnicol ML, Slimane K, Chibaudel B, Raymond E, Le Tourneau C, Faivre S. Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment through mTOR Inhibition and Chemotherapy as Induction Therapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The CAPRA Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184509. [PMID: 36139669 PMCID: PMC9496893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is dysregulated in 70% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and linked to the tumor microenvironment. This weekly induction treatment combined the mTOR inhibitor everolimus with carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy for locally advanced T3-4/N0-3 HNSCC. In 41 patients, safety profile was favorable and overall response rate was 75.6%. Translational data demonstrated specific target engagement with p-S6K decrease in tumor tissue and pro-immunogenic cytokine release in peripheral blood. Induction treatment with chemotherapy and mTOR inhibitors may provide new therapeutic options and rationale for combinations with immune oncology agents for locally advanced HNSCC. Abstract Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cellular functions by integrating intracellular signals and signals from the tumor microenvironment (TME). The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is activated in 70% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and associated with poor prognosis. This phase I-II study investigated the effect of mTOR inhibition using weekly everolimus (30 mg for dose level 1, 50 mg for dose level 2) combined with weekly induction chemotherapy (AUC2 carboplatin and 60 mg/m2 paclitaxel) in treatment-naïve patients with locally advanced T3-4/N0-3 HNSCC. Patients received 9 weekly cycles before chemoradiotherapy. Objectives were safety and antitumor activity along with tissue and blood molecular biomarkers. A total of 50 patients were enrolled. Among 41 evaluable patients treated at the recommended dose of 50 mg everolimus weekly, tolerance was good and overall response rate was 75.6%, including 20 major responses (≥50% reduction in tumor size). A significant decrease in expression of p-S6K (p-value: 0.007) and Ki67 (p-value: 0.01) was observed in post-treatment tumor tissue. Pro-immunogenic cytokine release (Th1 cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-β) was observed in the peripheral blood. The combination of everolimus and chemotherapy in HNSCC was safe and achieved major tumor responses. This strategy favorably impacts the TME and might be combined with immunotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Evrard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bichat University Hospital, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Clément Dumont
- Medical Oncology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Michel Gatineau
- Medical Oncology Department, Paris-St Joseph Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-François Delattre
- Medical Oncology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Raymond
- Medical Oncology Department, Paris-St Joseph Hospital, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, INSERM U909 Research Unit, Paris-Saclay University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Faivre
- Medical Oncology Department, Saint-Louis Hospital, Université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ali ES, Mitra K, Akter S, Ramproshad S, Mondal B, Khan IN, Islam MT, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Cho WC. Recent advances and limitations of mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:284. [PMID: 36109789 PMCID: PMC9476305 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K-Akt-mechanistic (formerly mammalian) target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is important in a variety of biological activities, including cellular proliferation, survival, metabolism, autophagy, and immunity. Abnormal PI3K-Akt-mTOR signalling activation can promote transformation by creating a cellular environment conducive to it. Deregulation of such a system in terms of genetic mutations and amplification has been related to several human cancers. Consequently, mTOR has been recognized as a key target for the treatment of cancer, especially for treating cancers with elevated mTOR signaling due to genetic or metabolic disorders. In vitro and in vivo, rapamycin which is an immunosuppressant agent actively suppresses the activity of mTOR and reduces cancer cell growth. As a result, various sirolimus-derived compounds have now been established as therapies for cancer, and now these medications are being investigated in clinical studies. In this updated review, we discuss the usage of sirolimus-derived compounds and other drugs in several preclinical or clinical studies as well as explain some of the challenges involved in targeting mTOR for treating various human cancers.
Collapse
|
28
|
Understanding the Polyamine and mTOR Pathway Interaction in Breast Cancer Cell Growth. MEDICAL SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:medsci10030051. [PMID: 36135836 PMCID: PMC9504347 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are nutrient-like polycationic molecules involved in metabolic processes and signaling pathways linked to cell growth and cancer. One important pathway is the PI3K/Akt pathway where studies have shown that polyamines mediate downstream growth effects. Downstream of PI3K/Akt is the mTOR signaling pathway, a nutrient-sensing pathway that regulate translation initiation through 4EBP1 and p70S6K phosphorylation and, along with the PI3K/Akt, is frequently dysregulated in breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of intracellular polyamine modulation on mTORC1 downstream protein and general translation state in two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The effect of mTORC1 pathway inhibition on the growth and intracellular polyamines was also measured. Results showed that polyamine modulation alters 4EBP1 and p70S6K phosphorylation and translation initiation in the breast cancer cells. mTOR siRNA gene knockdown also inhibited cell growth and decreased putrescine and spermidine content. Co-treatment of inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis and mTORC1 pathway induced greater cytotoxicity and translation inhibition in the breast cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest that polyamines promote cell growth in part through interaction with mTOR pathway. Similarly intracellular polyamine content appears to be linked to mTOR pathway regulation. Finally, dual inhibition of polyamine and mTOR pathways may provide therapeutic benefits in some breast cancers.
Collapse
|
29
|
Prediction of Aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) Molecular Mechanism Network and Interaction to Oncoproteins Growth Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) is a common contaminant for staple foods during the storage process. Chronic exposure to AFB1 is widely known to induce the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is a lack of understanding of AFBi role in HCC mechanism. This research aims to identify protein(s) in HCC that might interact with AFB1 and to predict the pathway effected by AFB1. Analyses were performed using bioinformatics tools. SMILES notation of AFB1 was submitted into Swiss Target Prediction. Interaction among predicted proteins were analyzed by using STRING. The 3D structure of target protein was constructed by homology modeling. Reverse docking was performed, and the result was ranked based on binding affinity score. Furthermore, protein interaction network was constructed and analyzed by using Cytoscape. Results showed that three protein groups were predicted as target of AFB1, such as kinases, phosphatases, and G protein-coupled receptor with probability of 46.7%, 20%, and 6.7%, respectively. Seven proteins of kinases were strongly related to HCC, including RAF1, MAPK1, MAPK3, AKT1, EGFR, GSK3B, and mTOR. Reverse docking considered the AKT1-AFB1 as the most potential complex with the lowest affinity score -10.2 kcal.mol-1. It has hydrophobic bonds in Trp80, Val270, Tyr272, Asp292, Thr211, Leu210, Leu264, and Lys268 residues, whereas hydrogen bond in Ser205 residues. Moreover, further analysis demonstrated that interaction of AKT1-AFB1 is related to the metastasis pathway in HCC mechanism.
Collapse
|
30
|
Mao Z, Tan Y, Tao J, Li L, Yu F, Zhao M. mTORC1 activation induced proximal tubular damage via the pentose phosphate pathway in lupus nephritis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 189:91-101. [PMID: 35863688 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
More recent studies suggested that metabolic disorders could contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). The present work aimed at identifying metabolic reprogramming in the kidney of lupus nephritis via proteomics and investigating the potential regulatory mechanism. The proteomic studies on the renal biopsies revealed that the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) was significantly enriched in the kidneys of LN patients compared with normal controls (NCs). Immunohistochemical stanning of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the key rate-limiting enzyme of PPP, verify the results of proteomics. We found that G6PD was highly expressed in the kidneys of LN patients and correlated with several clinicopathological indices. The univariate Cox regression analysis (HR, 95%CI, 1.877 (1.059-3.328), P = 0.031) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis (P = 0.028) suggested that high G6PD expression in the tubulointerstitial area was a risk factor for worse prognosis. Moreover, the Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway ranked first in the kidneys of LN patients with high G6PD expression and G6PD was co-localized with mTORC1 activation in the tubule. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) isolated from LN patients significantly activated the mTORC1 pathway and increased G6PD expression, G6PD activity, NADPH production, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell apoptosis in tubule cells in vitro. The above phenotypes were partially rescued after the addition of rapamycin or knock-down of G6PD. Overall, our study suggested that renal G6PD expression was associated with the overall enhanced disease activity and worse renal prognosis. mTORC1 activation might be involved in IgG-LN-induced tubular damage via PPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Mao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Ying Tan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Juan Tao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| | - Feng Yu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR China; Department of Nephrology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Minghui Zhao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100034, PR China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Brown ZJ, Hewitt DB, Pawlik TM. Experimental drug treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical trial failures 2015 to 2021. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:693-706. [PMID: 35580650 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2079491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide with limited systemic therapy options. Since the approval of sorafenib in 2008, no systemic therapy has provided a sustained/robust/survival benefit for patients with advanced HCC until recently. Many initially promising therapies have been trialed, but survival outcomes remained stagnant. As such, knowledge concerning previous treatment failures may help guide further areas of study, as well inform future therapeutic approaches. AREA COVERED This article reviews recent advances in the treatment of HCC. Despite some recent success, many systemic and locoregional therapies have failed to produce significant improvements in outcome. These treatment failures are examined and insight into pathways for future success are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Combination atezolizumab and bevacizumab has changed the landscape of systemic treatment for patients with HCC when it became the first therapy after demonstrating improve outcomes over sorafenib. Clinical trials in patients with advanced HCC have inherent difficulty with challenges to determine if a patient's declining liver function is secondary to disease progression, worsening cirrhosis, or drug toxicity, which may skew results. As we gain more knowledge of underlying genetic alterations behind the pathophysiology of the development of HCC, molecular markers may be identified to assist in predicting which patients would respond to a specific therapy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Oleksak P, Nepovimova E, Chrienova Z, Musilek K, Patocka J, Kuca K. Contemporary mTOR inhibitor scaffolds to diseases breakdown: A patent review (2015–2021). Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
33
|
Structure-Activity Relationship of Benzofuran Derivatives with Potential Anticancer Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092196. [PMID: 35565325 PMCID: PMC9099631 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and responsible for killing approximately 10 million people per year. Fused heterocyclic ring systems such as benzofuran have emerged as important scaffolds with many biological properties. Furthermore, derivatives of benzofurans demonstrate a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, including anticancer properties. The main aim of this review is to highlight and discuss the contribution of benzofuran derivatives as anticancer agents by considering and discussing the chemical structure of 20 different compounds. Evaluating the chemical structure of these compounds will guide future medicinal chemists in designing new drugs for cancer therapy that might give excellent results in in vivo/in vitro applications. Abstract Benzofuran is a heterocyclic compound found naturally in plants and it can also be obtained through synthetic reactions. Multiple physicochemical characteristics and versatile features distinguish benzofuran, and its chemical structure is composed of fused benzene and furan rings. Benzofuran derivatives are essential compounds that hold vital biological activities to design novel therapies with enhanced efficacy compared to conventional treatments. Therefore, medicinal chemists used its core to synthesize new derivatives that can be applied to a variety of disorders. Benzofuran exhibited potential effectiveness in chronic diseases such as hypertension, neurodegenerative and oxidative conditions, and dyslipidemia. In acute infections, benzofuran revealed anti-infective properties against microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, and parasites. In recent years, the complex nature and the number of acquired or resistant cancer cases have been largely increasing. Benzofuran derivatives revealed potential anticancer activity with lower incidence or severity of adverse events normally encountered during chemotherapeutic treatments. This review discusses the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of several benzofuran derivatives in order to elucidate the possible substitution alternatives and structural requirements for a highly potent and selective anticancer activity.
Collapse
|
34
|
Arthurs AL, Jankovic-Karasoulos T, Smith MD, Roberts CT. Circular RNAs in Pregnancy and the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094551. [PMID: 35562943 PMCID: PMC9100345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has identified their novel roles in the development and function of many cancers and inspired the interest of many researchers. circRNAs are also found throughout the healthy body, as well as in other pathological states, but while research into the function and abundance of circRNAs has progressed, our overall understanding of these molecules remains primitive. Importantly, recent studies are elucidating new roles for circRNAs in pregnancy, particularly in the placenta. Given that many of the genes responsible for circRNA production in cancer are also highly expressed in the placenta, it is likely that the same genes act in the production of circRNAs in the placenta. Furthermore, placental development can be referred to as ‘controlled cancer’, as it shares many key signalling pathways and hallmarks with tumour growth and metastasis. Hence, the roles of circRNAs in this field are important to study with respect to pregnancy success but also may provide novel insights for cancer progression. This review illuminates the known roles of circRNAs in pregnancy and the placenta, as well as demonstrating differential placental expressions of circRNAs between complicated and uncomplicated pregnancies.
Collapse
|
35
|
Calpain-mediated proteolytic production of free amino acids in vascular endothelial cells augments obesity-induced hepatic steatosis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101953. [PMID: 35447117 PMCID: PMC9110893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Free amino acids that accumulate in the plasma of diabetes and obesity patients influence lipid metabolism and protein synthesis in the liver. The stress-inducible intracellular protease calpain proteolyzes various substrates in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), although its contribution to the supply of free amino acids in the liver microenvironment remains enigmatic. In the present study, we showed that calpains are associated with free amino acid production in cultured ECs. Furthermore, conditioned media derived from calpain-activated ECs facilitated the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) and de novo lipogenesis in hepatocytes, which were abolished by the amino acid transporter inhibitor, JPH203, and the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin. Meanwhile, calpain-overexpressing capillary-like ECs were observed in the livers of high-fat diet-fed mice. Conditional knockout of EC/hematopoietic Capns1, which encodes a calpain regulatory subunit, diminished levels of branched chain amino acids in the hepatic microenvironment without altering plasma amino acid levels. Concomitantly, conditional knockout of Capns1 mitigated hepatic steatosis without normalizing body weight and the plasma lipoprotein profile in an amino acid transporter-dependent manner. Mice with targeted Capns1 knockout exhibited reduced phosphorylation of S6K and maturation of lipid homeostasis transcription factor SREBP1 in hepatocytes. Finally, we show that bone marrow transplantation negated the contribution of hematopoietic calpain systems; therefore, calpains are likely responsible for the observed phenotypes of ECs. We conclude that overactivation of calpain systems may be responsible for the production of free amino acid in ECs, which may be sufficient to potentiate S6K/SREBP1-induced lipogenesis in surrounding hepatocytes.
Collapse
|
36
|
Luo C, Ye WR, Shi W, Yin P, Chen C, He YB, Chen MF, Zu XB, Cai Y. Perfect match: mTOR inhibitors and tuberous sclerosis complex. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:106. [PMID: 35246210 PMCID: PMC8895788 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant syndrome that presents with diverse and complex clinical features and involves multiple human systems. TSC-related neurological abnormalities and organ dysfunction greatly affect the quality of life and can even result in death in patients with TSC. It is widely accepted that most TSC-related clinical manifestations are associated with hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway caused by loss‑of‑function mutations in TSC1 or TSC2. Remarkable progress in basic and translational research has led to encouraging clinical advances. Although mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin/everolimus) demonstrate great potential in TSC management, two major concerns hamper their generalized application. One is the frequent manifestation of adverse events, such as stomatitis, infections, and menstrual disorders; and the other is the poor response in certain patients. Thus, indicators are required to effectively predict the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors. Herein, we have summarized the current utilization of mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of TSC and focused on their efficacy and safety, in an attempt to provide a reference to guide the treatment of TSC. Hyperactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is essential in the
pathogenesis of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and can serve as a therapeutic
target. mTOR inhibitors have shown considerable success in multiple clinical trials for the treatment of TSC, including neurological, pulmonary, cardiac, renal, and cutaneous
phenotypes. mTOR inhibitors are associated with adverse events, which should be considered
during the management of TSC. Indicators to predict mTOR inhibitor efficacy are required to select patients who
are likely to benefit from such therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Luo
- Department of Urology, Disorders of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) Multidisciplinary Team, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Rui Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha City, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Disorders of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) Multidisciplinary Team, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha City, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Disorders of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) Multidisciplinary Team, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha City, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Disorders of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) Multidisciplinary Team, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha City, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Bo He
- Department of Urology, Disorders of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) Multidisciplinary Team, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Feng Chen
- Department of Urology, Disorders of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) Multidisciplinary Team, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Bin Zu
- Department of Urology, Disorders of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) Multidisciplinary Team, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Urology, Disorders of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) Multidisciplinary Team, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hendrikson J, Liu Y, Ng WH, Lee JY, Lim AH, Loh JW, Ng CCY, Ong WS, Tan JWS, Tan QX, Ng G, Shannon NB, Lim WK, Lim TKH, Chua C, Wong JSM, Tan GHC, So JBY, Yeoh KG, Teh BT, Chia CS, Soo KC, Kon OL, Tan IB, Chan JY, Teo MCC, Ong CAJ. Ligand-mediated PAI-1 inhibition in a mouse model of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100526. [PMID: 35243423 PMCID: PMC8861959 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) present a ubiquitous clinical conundrum in all intra-abdominal malignancies. Via functional and transcriptomic experiments of ascites-treated PC cells, we identify STAT3 as a key signaling pathway. Integrative analysis of publicly available databases and correlation with clinical cohorts (n = 7,359) reveal putative clinically significant activating ligands of STAT3 signaling. We further validate a 3-biomarker prognostic panel in ascites independent of clinical covariates in a prospective study (n = 149). Via single-cell sequencing experiments, we uncover that PAI-1, a key component of the prognostic biomarker panel, is largely secreted by fibroblasts and mesothelial cells. Molecular stratification of ascites using PAI-1 levels and STAT3 activation in ascites-treated cells highlight a therapeutic opportunity based on a phenomenon of paracrine addiction. These results are recapitulated in patient-derived ascites-dependent xenografts. Here, we demonstrate therapeutic proof of concept of direct ligand inhibition of a prognostic target within an enclosed biological space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Hendrikson
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.,Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.,Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Wai Har Ng
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.,Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Jing Yi Lee
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Abner Herbert Lim
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Jui Wan Loh
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Cedric C Y Ng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Whee Sze Ong
- Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Joey Wee-Shan Tan
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.,Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Qiu Xuan Tan
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.,Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Gillian Ng
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.,Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Nicholas B Shannon
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.,Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Biology Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Tony K H Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Pathology Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 168753, Singapore
| | - Clarinda Chua
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Jolene Si Min Wong
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Surgery Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Grace Hwei Ching Tan
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Jimmy Bok Yan So
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Division of Surgical Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR Research Entities, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Claramae Shulyn Chia
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Surgery Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Khee Chee Soo
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Oi Lian Kon
- Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Iain Beehuat Tan
- Cancer and Stem Biology Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Laboratory of Applied Cancer Genomics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A∗STAR Research Entities, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Melissa Ching Ching Teo
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Chin-Ann J Ong
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cresent, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore.,Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Surgery Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR Research Entities, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang T, Long K, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Liu J, Fong JH, Wong AS, Ng WL, Wang W. Optochemical Control of mTOR Signaling and mTOR-Dependent Autophagy. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:149-155. [PMID: 35311017 PMCID: PMC8922298 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As an important regulator of cell metabolism, proliferation, and survival, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling provides both a potential target for cancer treatment and a research tool for investigation of cell metabolism. One inhibitor for both mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways, OSI-027, exhibited robust anticancer efficacy but induced side effects. Herein, we designed a photoactivatable OSI-027 prodrug, which allowed the release of OSI-027 after light irradiation to inhibit the mTOR signaling pathway, triggering autophagy and leading to cell death. This photoactivatable prodrug can provide novel strategies for mTOR-targeting cancer therapy and act as a new tool for investigating mTOR signaling and its related biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Dr.
Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 0000, China
| | - Kaiqi Long
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Dr.
Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 0000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Dr.
Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 0000, China
| | - Xiaoding Jiang
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinzhao Liu
- Dr.
Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 0000, China
| | - John H.C. Fong
- Laboratory
of Combinatorial Genetics and Synthetic Biology, School of Biomedical
Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China
| | - Alan S.L. Wong
- Laboratory
of Combinatorial Genetics and Synthetic Biology, School of Biomedical
Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China,Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong, China
| | - Wai-Lung Ng
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Dr.
Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University
of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 0000, China,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gao W, Zhang S, Guorong L, Liu Q, Zhu A, Gui F, Zou Y, Wu Y, Luo Y, Hong Z. Nc886 promotes renal cancer cell drug-resistance by enhancing EMT through Rock2 phosphorylation-mediated β-catenin nuclear translocation. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:340-351. [PMID: 34974812 PMCID: PMC8855853 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.2020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a significant challenge in the present treatment regimens of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Our previous study confirmed that nc886 functions as an oncogene in RCC. Nevertheless, the role and underlying mechanism of nc886 in RCC drug resistance are unclear. In the present study, Sunitinib and Everolimus treatment, respectively, downregulated nc886 expression in a dose-dependent manner in all four renal cancer cell lines. Nc886 overexpression in 786-O cells and ACHN cells significantly reduced the sensitivity of cancer cells to both Sunitinib and Everolimus treatment, respectively, by promoting cell viability and inhibiting cell apoptosis, whereas nc886 silencing increased cancer cell sensitivity. In renal cancer cell line with the highest drug-resistance, 786-O cells, Sunitinib, or Everolimus treatment enhanced the cellular EMT and was further enhanced by nc886 overexpression while attenuated by nc886 silencing. In 786-O cells, nc886 overexpression significantly promoted EMT, ROCK2 phosphorylation, and β-catenin nucleus translocation under Sunitinib or Everolimus treatment. Moreover, ROCK2 silencing significantly reversed the effects of nc886 overexpression on EMT, ROCK2 phosphorylation, and β-catenin nucleus translocation, as well as drug-resistant renal cancer cell viability and apoptosis. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that nc886 promotes renal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as demonstrated previously. nc886 also promotes renal cancer cell drug-resistance to Sunitinib or Everolimus by promoting EMT through Rock2 phosphorylation-mediated nuclear translocation of β-catenin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyin Gao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Children’s Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li Guorong
- Department of Urology, North Hospital, Chu Saint-Etienne, University of Jean-Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Queling Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Anyi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fu Gui
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yiguo Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhengdong Hong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China,CONTACT Zhengdong Hong The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Choo F, Odinstov I, Nusser K, Nicholson KS, Davis L, Corless CL, Stork L, Somwar R, Ladanyi M, Davis JL, Davare MA. Functional impact and targetability of PI3KCA, GNAS, and PTEN mutations in a spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma with MYOD1 L122R mutation. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2022; 8:mcs.a006140. [PMID: 35012940 PMCID: PMC8744497 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (ssRMS) is a rare subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma, commonly harboring a gain-of-function L122R mutation in the muscle-specific master transcription factor MYOD1. MYOD1-mutated ssRMS is almost invariably fatal, and development of novel therapeutic approaches based on the biology of the disease is urgently needed. MYOD1 L122R affects the DNA-binding domain and is believed to confer MYC-like properties to MYOD1, driving oncogenesis. Moreover, the majority of the MYOD1-mutated ssRMS harbor additional alterations activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. It is postulated that the PI3K/AKT pathway cooperates with MYOD1 L122R. To address this biological entity, we established and characterized a new patient-derived ssRMS cell line OHSU-SARC001, harboring MYOD1 L122R as well as alterations in PTEN, PIK3CA, and GNAS. We explored the functional impact of these aberrations on oncogenic signaling with gain-of-function experiments in C2C12 murine muscle lineage cells. These data reveal that PIK3CAI459_T462del, the novel PIK3CA variant discovered in this patient specimen, is a constitutively active kinase, albeit to a lesser extent than PI3KCAE545K, a hotspot oncogenic mutation. Furthermore, we examined the effectiveness of molecularly targeted PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/MAPK inhibitors to block oncogenic signaling and suppress the growth of OHSU-SARC001 cells. Dual PI3K/mTOR (LY3023414, bimiralisib) and AKT inhibitors (ipatasertib, afuresertib) induced dose-dependent reductions in cell growth. However, mTOR-selective inhibitors (everolimus, rapamycin) alone did not exert cytotoxic effects. The MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib did not impact proliferation even at the highest doses tested. Our data suggest that molecularly targeted strategies may be effective in PI3K/AKT/mTOR-activated ssRMS. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of utilizing patient-derived models to assess molecularly targetable treatments and their potential as future treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Choo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Igor Odinstov
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Kevin Nusser
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Katelyn S Nicholson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Lara Davis
- Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Christopher L Corless
- Knight Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Linda Stork
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jessica L Davis
- Knight Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Monika A Davare
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zanjanchi P, Asghari SM, Mohabatkar H, Shourian M, Shafiee Ardestani M. Conjugation of VEGFR1/R2-targeting peptide with gold nanoparticles to enhance antiangiogenic and antitumoral activity. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:7. [PMID: 34983556 PMCID: PMC8725421 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis through simultaneous targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 and -2 is highly efficacious. An antagonist peptide of VEGFA/VEGFB, referred to as VGB3, can recognize and neutralize both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 on the endothelial and tumoral cells, thereby inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. However, improved efficacy and extending injection intervals is required for its clinical translation. Given that gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can enhance the efficacy of biotherapeutics, we conjugated VGB3 to GNPs to enhance its efficacy and extends the intervals between treatments without adverse effects. RESULTS GNP-VGB3 bound to VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) and 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells. GNP-VGB3 induced cell cycle arrest, ROS overproduction and apoptosis and inhibited proliferation and migration of endothelial and tumor cells more effectively than unconjugated VGB3 or GNP. In a murine 4T1 mammary carcinoma tumor model, GNP-VGB3 more strongly than VGB3 and GNP inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, and increased animal survival without causing weight loss. The superior antitumor effects were associated with durable targeting of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, thereby inhibiting signaling pathways of proliferation, migration, differentiation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and survival in tumor tissues. MicroCT imaging and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed that GNP-VGB3 specifically target tumors and exhibit greater accumulation within tumors than the free GNPs. CONCLUSION Conjugation to GNPs not only improved the efficacy of VGB3 peptide but also extended the intervals between treatments without adverse effects. These results suggest that GNP-VGB3 is a promising candidate for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Zanjanchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran
| | - S Mohsen Asghari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Hassan Mohabatkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Shourian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Anticancer effects of veratramine via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin and its downstream signaling pathways in human glioblastoma cell lines. Life Sci 2022; 288:120170. [PMID: 34826438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Antitumor effects of veratramine in prostate and liver cancers has been investigated, but it is still unclear whether veratramine can be used as an effective therapeutic agent for glioma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential pharmacological mechanism of veratramine in glioma. MAIN METHODS Using four types of human glioblastoma cell lines, including A172, HS-683, T98G, and U-373-MG the dose-dependent antitumor effect of veratramine was evaluated. The cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were examined by CCK-8, and cell proliferation was further confirmed by anchorage-independent colony formation assay. The cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate was assessed by flow cytometry, and apoptosis was further evaluated by apoptosis assay. The migration and invasiveness capacity were analyzed by using transwell. Protein and mRNA levels of related factors were determined by western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Veratramine markedly induced apoptosis, suppressed the cell proliferation via the cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest, and reduced the capacity for the migration and invasion in human glioblastoma multiforme cell lines. Moreover, veratramine was sufficient to affect the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway and its downstream Mdm2/p53/p21 pathway in human glioblastoma cell lines. SIGNIFICANCE Antitumor effects of veratramine in suppression of glioma progression was mediated by the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Mdm2/p53/p21 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
43
|
Rajpurohit T, Bhattacharya S. Moving Towards Dawn: KRas Signaling and Treatment in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022; 15:904-928. [PMID: 35088684 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220128161647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
"Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)" is robust, nearly clueless, and all-around deadly among all tumors. Below 10 %, the general 5-year endurance period has remained adamantly unaltered in the last 30 years, regardless of enormous clinical and therapeutic endeavors. The yearly number of deaths is more than the number of recently analyzed cases. Not a classic one, but "Carbohydrate Antigen CA19- 9" remains the prevailing tool for diagnosis. MicroRNAs and non-invasive techniques are now incorporated for the effective prognosis of PDAC than just CA19-9. Mutated "Rat sarcoma virus Ras" conformation "V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog KRas" is 95 % accountable for PDAC, and its active (GTP-bound) formation activates signaling cascade comprising "Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma Raf"/"Mitogen-activated protein kinase MEK"/ "Extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK" with "Phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K"/ "protein kinase B Akt"/ "mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR" pathways. KRas has acquired the label of 'undruggable' since the crosstalk in the nexus of pathways compensates for Raf and PI3K signaling cascade blocking. It is arduous to totally regulate KRascoordinated PDAC with traditional medicaments like "gemcitabine GEM" plus nabpaclitaxel/ FOLFIRINOX. For long-haul accomplishments aiming at KRas, future endeavors should be directed to combinatorial methodologies to adequately block KRas pathways at different standpoints. Currently they are contributing to healing PDAC. In this review article, we outline the function of KRas in carcinogenesis in PDAC, its signaling cascade, former techniques utilized in hindering Kras, current and future possibilities for targeting Kras.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Rajpurohit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pang H, Zhou Y, Wang J, Wu H, Liu X, Gao F, Xiao Z. Berberine Influences the Survival of Fat Grafting by Inhibiting Autophagy and Apoptosis of Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4795-4809. [PMID: 34876804 PMCID: PMC8643163 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s337215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have the potential to be applied to solid organ treatments. However, tissue regeneration is limited by the death of transplanted cells. Ischemia is the main cause of the poor outcome. This study aimed to investigate the effect of berberine (BBR) on ADSCs after fat grafting. Methods The antioxidant BBR on apoptosis and autophagy of ADSCs in vitro ischemia model was induced by hypoxia and serum deprivation (HY/SD). The autophagy promoter rapamycin and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA were incubated separately to investigate the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Pathway inhibitors further verified whether the autophagy and apoptosis were regulated by AMPK/mTor signaling pathway. Fat survival, fibrosis, level of inflammatory cell infiltration, and the effect of angiogenesis after BBR treatment were observed in vivo. Results BBR could reduce ROS production and reverse the decreasing cell survival rate. HY/SD would induce apoptosis and autophagy in ADSCs, and BBR could alleviate these processes. After interfering with the level of autophagy, we also proved that apoptosis was regulated by autophagy and changed accordingly. The results also indicated that BBR could protect against autophagy and apoptosis of ADSCs through AMPK/mTor pathway. The treated human-derived adipose tissue was transplanted into BALB/c nude mice, and with the intervention of BBR, the fat grafting had a higher survival rate, lower inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis level. Conclusion Our present study revealed that BBR was a promising anti-autophagy and apoptosis agent for improving the survival rate of ADSCs during cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Pang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongting Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyi Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xie H, Appelt JW, Jenkins RW. Going with the Flow: Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment Using Microfluidic Technology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236052. [PMID: 34885161 PMCID: PMC8656483 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The clinical success of cancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints (e.g., PD-1, CTLA-4) has ushered in a new era of cancer therapeutics aimed at promoting antitumor immunity in hopes of offering durable clinical responses for patients with advanced, metastatic cancer. This success has also reinvigorated interest in developing tumor model systems that recapitulate key features of antitumor immune responses to complement existing in vivo tumor models. Patient-derived tumor models have emerged in recent years to facilitate study of tumor–immune dynamics. Microfluidic technology has enabled development of microphysiologic systems (MPSs) for the evaluation of the tumor microenvironment, which have shown early promise in studying tumor–immune dynamics. Further development of microfluidic-based “tumor-on-a-chip” MPSs to study tumor–immune interactions may overcome several key challenges currently facing tumor immunology. Abstract Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have led a paradigm shift in the treatment of multiple malignancies with renewed focus on the host immune system and tumor–immune dynamics. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance to immunotherapy limits patient benefits and wider application. Investigations into the mechanisms of response and resistance to immunotherapy have demonstrated key tumor-intrinsic and tumor-extrinsic factors. Studying complex interactions with multiple cell types is necessary to understand the mechanisms of response and resistance to cancer therapies. The lack of model systems that faithfully recapitulate key features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a challenge for cancer researchers. Here, we review recent advances in TME models focusing on the use of microfluidic technology to study and model the TME, including the application of microfluidic technologies to study tumor–immune dynamics and response to cancer therapeutics. We also discuss the limitations of current systems and suggest future directions to utilize this technology to its highest potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xie
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (H.X.); (J.W.A.)
| | - Jackson W. Appelt
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (H.X.); (J.W.A.)
| | - Russell W. Jenkins
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (H.X.); (J.W.A.)
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +617-726-9372; Fax: +844-542-5959
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
A perspective on the role of autophagy in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166262. [PMID: 34481059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy refers to a ubiquitous set of catabolic pathways required to achieve proper cellular homeostasis. Aberrant autophagy has been implicated in a multitude of diseases including cancer. In this review, we highlight pioneering and groundbreaking research that centers on delineating the role of autophagy in cancer initiation, proliferation and metastasis. First, we discuss the autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and their respective roles in the de novo formation of autophagosomes and the subsequent delivery of cargo to the lysosome for recycling. Next, we touch upon the history of cancer research that centers upon ATG proteins and regulatory mechanisms that control an appropriate autophagic response and how these are altered in the diseased state. Then, we discuss the various discoveries that led to the idea of autophagy as a double-edged sword when it comes to cancer therapy. This review also briefly narrates how different types of autophagy-selective macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy, have been linked to different cancers. Overall, these studies build upon a steadfast trajectory that aims to solve the monumentally daunting challenge of finding a cure for many types of cancer by modulating autophagy either through inhibition or induction.
Collapse
|
47
|
Saleh L, Wilson C, Holen I. CDK4/6 inhibitors: A potential therapeutic approach for triple negative breast cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:514-530. [PMID: 34977868 PMCID: PMC8706744 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells lack expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2). Thus, TNBC does not respond to hormone-based therapy. TNBC is also an aggressive subtype associated with poorer prognoses compared to other breast cancers. Conventional chemotherapeutics are used to manage TNBC although systemic relapse is common with limited benefits being reported as well as adverse events being documented. Here, we discuss current therapies for TNBC in the neo- and adjuvant settings, as well as recent advancements in the targeting of PD-L1-positive tumors and inclusion of PARP inhibitors for TNBC patients with BRCA mutations. The recent development of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors in ER-positive breast cancers has demonstrated significant improvements in progression free survival in patients. Here, we review preclinical data of CDK 4/6 inhibitors and describe current clinical trials assessing these in TNBC disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubaid Saleh
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismMedical SchoolUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Moradpour S, Aliaghaei A, Bigdeli M. Effect of Sertoli Cell Transplant and Rapamycin Pretreatment on Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Brain Ischemia in a Rat Model. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2021; 19:1204-1211. [PMID: 34812711 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2021.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke exacts a heavy toll on death and disability worldwide. In animal studies, cell transplant has shown a positive effect by inducing neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and modulating inflammation. Cell transplant therapy could provide researchers with new strategies for treating stroke. The mechanistic target of rapamycin is a central signaling pathway for coordination and control; the administration of rapamycin, a key modulator of this pathway, could be a new therapeutic approach in neurological disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult rats were grouped into 5 main groups: control, sham, rapamycin receiving, Sertoli cell receiving, and rapamycin plus Sertoli cell receiving groups. Sertoli cells were taken from another rat tissue and injected into the right striatum region. After 5 days, ischemic induction was performed, and rapamycin injection (300 mg/kg) was performed 1 hour before surgery. After 24 hours, some regions of the brain, including the cortex, striatum, and piriform cortex-amygdala, were isolated for evaluation. RESULTS Our results showed that infarct volume, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier permeability assessments were significantly reduced in some areas of the brain in rats that received rapamycin plus Sertoli cells compared with results shown in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment with Sertoli cell transplant plus rapamycin injection may enhance neural survival during ischemia through increased glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway and increasing autophagy performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moradpour
- From the Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shikonin Promotes Apoptosis and Attenuates Migration and Invasion of Human Esophageal Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Protein 1 Expression and AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5386050. [PMID: 34812264 PMCID: PMC8605926 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5386050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of shikonin on esophageal cancer (EC) cells and explore the underlying molecular mechanism by identifying dysregulation in shikonin-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) expression. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and EDU assay were performed for cell viability determination. The reactive oxygen species level and mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated using flow cytometry. The protein expression was detected using Western blot. In addition, cell migration and invasion were estimated. These results demonstrated that shikonin inhibited EC cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner and induced apoptosis through activation of the intracellular apoptotic signaling pathway. Moreover, TRAP1 downregulation promoted shikonin-induced reactive oxygen species release, whereas TRAP1 upregulation blocked it. Meanwhile, shikonin significantly promoted mitochondrial depolarization, accompanied by a large release of cytochrome C. Conversely, shikonin significantly decreased adenosine 5'-triphosphate release, demonstrating a significant intervention in the process of the glucose metabolism. In addition, not only shikonin but also short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-TRAP1 inhibited EC cell migration and invasion. shRNA-TRAP1 enhanced the inhibitory effect of shikonin on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 expression. More interestingly, we demonstrated that shRNA-TRAP1 played a synergistic role in shikonin-mediated regulation of protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Collectively, shikonin promoted apoptosis and attenuated migration and invasion of EC cells by inhibiting TRAP1 expression and AKT/mTOR signaling, indicating that shikonin may be a new drug for treating EC.
Collapse
|
50
|
Wu MY, Wang EJ, Feng D, Li M, Ye RD, Lu JH. Pharmacological insights into autophagy modulation in autoimmune diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3364-3378. [PMID: 34900523 PMCID: PMC8642426 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a cellular bulk degradation and survival mechanism, autophagy is implicated in diverse biological processes. Genome-wide association studies have revealed the link between autophagy gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), indicating that autophagy dysregulation may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. A series of autophagy modulators have displayed protective effects on autoimmune disease models, highlighting the emerging role of autophagy modulators in treating autoimmune diseases. This review explores the roles of autophagy in the autoimmune diseases, with emphasis on four major autoimmune diseases [SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), IBD, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)]. More importantly, the therapeutic potentials of small molecular autophagy modulators (including autophagy inducers and inhibitors) on autoimmune diseases are comprehensively analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 9999078, China
| | - Er-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 9999078, China
| | - Du Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Richard D. Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 9999078, China
| |
Collapse
|