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Zhang W, Jiao Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yu J, Gu Z. Transdermal gene delivery. J Control Release 2024; 371:516-529. [PMID: 38849095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Gene delivery has revolutionized conventional medical approaches to vaccination, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. However, current gene delivery methods are limited to either intravenous administration or direct local injections, failing to achieve well biosafety, tissue targeting, drug retention, and transfection efficiency for desired therapeutic outcomes. Transdermal drug delivery based on various delivery strategies can offer improved therapeutic potential and superior patient experiences. Recently, there has been increased foundational and clinical research focusing on the role of the transdermal route in gene delivery and exploring its impact on the efficiency of gene delivery. This review introduces the recent advances in transdermal gene delivery approaches facilitated by drug formulations and medical devices, as well as discusses their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ziru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Burns and Wound Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jicheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China.
| | - Zhen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Zaca-Morán R, Mitre-Martínez DG, Castillo-Mixcóalt J, Zaca-Morán P, Ramos-García R, Ramírez-San-Juan JC, Morán-Raya C, Padilla-Martínez JP. 3D printed needleless injector based on thermocavitation: analysis of impact and penetration depth in skin phantoms in a repetitive regime. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01639-1. [PMID: 38831200 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
A global issue that requires attention is the duality between the shortage of needles for regular vaccination campaigns and the exponential increase in syringe and needle waste from such campaigns, which has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this problem, this study presents a 3D printed needleless injector based on thermocavitation. The work focused on investigating the interaction of the resulting liquid jets with skin phantoms at different concentrations (1-2%), emphasizing their impact and penetration depth in a repetitive regime. The injector was designed and fabricated from a semi-transparent polymer using a high-resolution 3D printer, allowing the ejection of liquid jets with velocities up to ~ 73 m/s. The impact of these jets on skin phantoms was evaluated using a high-speed camera. After 6 consecutive liquid jets (1% concentration), a maximum penetration depth of ~ 2.5 mm was achieved, delivering approximately 4.7 µL. For the highest concentration (2.0%) and the same number of shots, the penetration depth was reduced to ~ 0.6 mm with a delivered volume of ~ 0.7 µL. An important finding of this study is that the liquid jet with the highest pressure does not cause the maximum penetration depth, but is the result of a series of successive shots. In addition, the velocity and shape of the ejected jet are determined by the amount of solution and the meniscus formed inside the injector. These findings advance the development of precise and efficient thermocavitation-based injectors with broad potential applications in medical and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Zaca-Morán
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, 72050, México
- División de Posgrado, Universidad Politécnica de Tulancingo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo, 43629, México
| | | | - Juan Castillo-Mixcóalt
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, 72050, México
| | - Placido Zaca-Morán
- Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, 72050, México
| | - Rubén Ramos-García
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Coordinación de óptica, Tonantzintla, Puebla, 72840, México
| | - Julio César Ramírez-San-Juan
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Coordinación de óptica, Tonantzintla, Puebla, 72840, México
| | - Carolina Morán-Raya
- Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, 72050, México
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Sakai W, Chaki T, Tachibana S, Ichisaka Y, Nawa Y, Nawa T, Yamakage M. INJEX50 could improve the success rate of local anesthesia for arterial cannulation in the pediatric intensive care unit: A randomized, double-blind, single-center study. Paediatr Anaesth 2024. [PMID: 38798122 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quick arterial cannulation is required in pediatric emergency situation, which require effective local anesthesia to avoid withdrawal movement. However, pediatric local anesthesia could be difficult because of withdrawal movement. Jet injectors, which are needleless and provide local anesthesia quickly, could be helpful for pediatric local anesthesia during arterial cannulation. AIMS This study aimed to examine whether new jet injector "INJEX50" could improve the success rate of local anesthesia for arterial cannulation in pediatric intensive care unit compared with the current standard of care, infiltration using a 26-gauge needle. METHODS This study was a randomized, double-blind, single-center study. Participants were infants and young children in the pediatric intensive care unit, who required an arterial line. Local anesthesia was performed with either a 26-gauge needle (group C) or INJEX50 (group I) before arterial cannulation. The primary outcome (success of local anesthesia) was the presence of withdrawal movement at the time of skin puncture for arterial cannulation. The secondary outcomes included rescue sedation during arterial cannulation. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney U-test, with values of p < .05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS Seventy patients were randomly assigned to groups C and I. The local anesthesia success rate in group I (30/35 [86%]) was significantly higher than that in group C (15/35 [43%], odds ratio, 8.00; 95% confidence interval, 2.51-25.5; p = .0005). In conclusion, INJEX50 could improve success rate of local anesthesia for arterial cannulation in pediatric intensive care unit compared with 26-gauge needle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Sakai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Intensive Care Unit, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Chaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tachibana
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichisaka
- Intensive Care Unit, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuko Nawa
- Intensive Care Unit, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nawa
- Intensive Care Unit, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michiaki Yamakage
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Abbasi S, Matsui-Masai M, Yasui F, Hayashi A, Tockary TA, Mochida Y, Akinaga S, Kohara M, Kataoka K, Uchida S. Carrier-free mRNA vaccine induces robust immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and non-human primates without systemic reactogenicity. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1266-1283. [PMID: 38569556 PMCID: PMC11081875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Carrier-free naked mRNA vaccines may reduce the reactogenicity associated with delivery carriers; however, their effectiveness against infectious diseases has been suboptimal. To boost efficacy, we targeted the skin layer rich in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and utilized a jet injector. The jet injection efficiently introduced naked mRNA into skin cells, including APCs in mice. Further analyses indicated that APCs, after taking up antigen mRNA in the skin, migrated to the lymph nodes (LNs) for antigen presentation. Additionally, the jet injection provoked localized lymphocyte infiltration in the skin, serving as a physical adjuvant for vaccination. Without a delivery carrier, our approach confined mRNA distribution to the injection site, preventing systemic mRNA leakage and associated systemic proinflammatory reactions. In mouse vaccination, the naked mRNA jet injection elicited robust antigen-specific antibody production over 6 months, along with germinal center formation in LNs and the induction of both CD4- and CD8-positive T cells. By targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, this approach provided protection against viral challenge. Furthermore, our approach generated neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates at levels comparable to those observed in mice. In conclusion, our approach offers a safe and effective option for mRNA vaccines targeting infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saed Abbasi
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Miki Matsui-Masai
- Department of Research, NANO MRNA Co., Ltd., 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yasui
- Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Akimasa Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Theofilus A Tockary
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yuki Mochida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shiro Akinaga
- Department of Research, NANO MRNA Co., Ltd., 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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Seva S, Rorem B, Chinnathambi K, Estrada D, Guo LJ, Subbaraman H. Nozzle-Free Printing of CNT Electronics Using Laser-Generated Focused Ultrasound. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301596. [PMID: 38470204 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Printed electronics have made remarkable progress in recent years and inkjet printing (IJP) has emerged as one of the leading methods for fabricating printed electronic devices. However, challenges such as nozzle clogging, and strict ink formulation constraints have limited their widespread use. To address this issue, a novel nozzle-free printing technology is explored, which is enabled by laser-generated focused ultrasound, as a potential alternative printing modality called Shock-wave Jet Printing (SJP). Specifically, the performance of SJP-printed and IJP-printed bottom-gated carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film transistors (TFTs) is compared. While IJP required ten print passes to achieve fully functional devices with channel dimensions ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers, SJP achieved comparable performance with just a single pass. For optimized devices, SJP demonstrated six times higher maximum mobility than IJP-printed devices. Furthermore, the advantages of nozzle-free printing are evident, as SJP successfully printed stored and unsonicated inks, delivering moderate electrical performance, whereas IJP suffered from nozzle clogging due to CNT agglomeration. Moreover, SJP can print significantly longer CNTs, spanning the entire range of tube lengths of commercially available CNT ink. The findings from this study contribute to the advancement of nanomaterial printing, ink formulation, and the development of cost-effective printable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Seva
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Benjamin Rorem
- Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karthik Chinnathambi
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - David Estrada
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, 1910 W University Drive, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, 83415, USA
| | - L Jay Guo
- Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Harish Subbaraman
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, 110 SW Park Terrace Pl, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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McKeage JW, Tan AZH, Taberner AJ. Large volume subcutaneous delivery using multi-orifice jet injection. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123605. [PMID: 37981248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Needle-free jet injection is an alternative drug delivery technique that uses the liquid drug itself to penetrate through the skin. This technology is not only a promising alternative to hypodermic needles but also has the potential to replace intravenous delivery with rapid, needle-free subcutaneous delivery for large-volume treatments. In this work we propose a parallelised, 'multi-orifice' approach to overcome the volume constraints of subcutaneous tissue. We present a prototype multi-orifice nozzle with up to seven orifices and use this nozzle to perform injections into samples of ex vivo porcine tissue. These injections demonstrated the rapid (<0.15 s) delivery of up to 2 mL into the tissue using both three and seven orifices. Delivery success (measured as the percentage of fluid deposited in the tissue relative to the total volume that left the device) was very similar when using three versus seven injection orifices. A computational fluid dynamic model of multi-orifice jet injection is also presented. This model predicts that jet production is largely unaffected as the spacing between orifices is changed from 3 mm to 48 mm. This finding is supported by measurements of the speed, volume, and shape of the jets produced by the prototype nozzle that showed very similar jets were produced through all seven orifices. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of multi-orifice jet injection for needle-free delivery of large volumes. This promising technique has the potential to improve patient experience and reduce healthcare costs in large volume parenteral delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W McKeage
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew Z H Tan
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Taberner
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Kisakov DN, Belyakov IM, Kisakova LA, Yakovlev VA, Tigeeva EV, Karpenko LI. The use of electroporation to deliver DNA-based vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:102-123. [PMID: 38063059 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2292772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleic acids represent a promising platform for creating vaccines. One disadvantage of this approach is its relatively low immunogenicity. Electroporation (EP) is an effective way to increase the DNA vaccines immunogenicity. However, due to the different configurations of devices used for EP, EP protocols optimization is required not only to enhance immunogenicity, but also to ensure greater safety and tolerability of the EP procedure. AREA COVERED An data analysis for recent years on the DNA vaccines delivery against viral and parasitic infections using EP was carried out. The study of various EP physical characteristics, such as frequency, pulse duration, pulse interval, should be considered along with the immunogenic construct design and the site of delivery of the vaccine, through the study of the immunogenic and protective characteristics of the latter. EXPERT OPINION Future research should focus on regulating the humoral and cellular response required for protection against infectious agents by modifying the EP protocol. Significant efforts will be directed to establishing the possibility of redirecting the immune response toward the Th1 or Th2 response by changing the EP physical parameters. It will allow for an individual selective approach during EP, depending on the pathogen type of an infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis N Kisakov
- Department of bioengineering, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - Igor M Belyakov
- Department of medico-biological disciplines, Moscow University for Industry and Finance "Synergy", Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov A Kisakova
- Department of bioengineering, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Yakovlev
- Department of bioengineering, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - Elena V Tigeeva
- Department of bioengineering, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Russia
| | - Larisa I Karpenko
- Department of bioengineering, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Novosibirsk region, Russia
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Whittle NM, Sleigh JW, McKeage JW, Termaat J, Voss LJ, Anderson BJ. Preliminary pharmacokinetics and patient experience of jet-injected dexmedetomidine in healthy adults. Anaesth Intensive Care 2024; 52:37-44. [PMID: 37712714 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x231178841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Jet injection is a drug delivery system without a needle. A compressed liquid drug formulation pierces the skin, depositing the drug into the subcutaneous or intramuscular tissues. We investigated the pharmacokinetics and patient experience of dexmedetomidine administered using jet injection in six healthy adult study participants. This needleless jet injection device was used to administer dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg to the subcutaneous tissues overlying the deltoid muscle. Serum concentrations of dexmedetomidine were assayed at approximately 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour and 4 hours after administration. Pharmacokinetic interrogation of concentration time profiles estimated an absorption half time for jet-injected dexmedetomidine of 21 minutes (coefficient of variation 69.4%) with a relative bioavailability assumed unity. In our samples the measured median peak (range) concentration was 0.164 μg/l (0.011-0.325 μg/l), observed in the sample taken at a median (range) of 13.5 minutes (11-30 minutes). The Richmond agitation sedation scale was used to assess the sedative effect, and scored 0 (alert and calm) or -1 (drowsy) in all participants. Five of the six participants stated they would prefer jet injection to needle injection in the future and one had no preference. The findings suggest that the use of a larger dose (>2 μg/kg) would be required to achieve the clinically relevant target concentration of 1 μg/l necessary to achieve deeper sedation (Richmond agitation sedation scale ≤3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Whittle
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Te Whatu Ora Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Jamie W Sleigh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Te Whatu Ora Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - James W McKeage
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Termaat
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Te Whatu Ora Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Logan J Voss
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Te Whatu Ora Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Brian J Anderson
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Albazee E, Alhubail RJ, Alsakka MA, Al Sadder KA, Hammoud SM, Alshakhri A. Analgesic efficacy of local anesthesia during thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/11101849.2023.2196809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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10
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Bik L, Elmzoon I, Wolkerstorfer A, Prens EP, van Doorn MBA. Needle-free electronically controlled jet injection with corticosteroids in recalcitrant keloid scars: a retrospective study and patient survey. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:250. [PMID: 37917309 PMCID: PMC10622365 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
First-line treatment of keloids consists of intralesional needle injections with corticosteroids, but generally entails multiple painful sessions, resulting in variable clinical outcomes. Novel needle-free jet injectors may facilitate more effective and patient-friendly dermal drug delivery. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness, tolerability and patient satisfaction of intralesional triamcinolone-acetonide (TCA) treatment in recalcitrant keloids using an electronically controlled pneumatic injector (EPI). A retrospective study was conducted in recalcitrant keloid patients with a history of severe pain during needle injections who received three sessions of EPI + TCA. Outcome measures included Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), treatment-related pain (NRS), adverse effects, and patient satisfaction (survey). Ten patients with in total 283 keloids were included. The POSAS score significantly improved at follow-up and GAIS was reported as '(very) improved' for all patients. EPI + TCA was well-tolerated with a significantly lower NRS pain score compared to needle + TCA (pilot treatment). Only minor adverse effects occurred, and 90% of patients preferred EPI over needle treatment. EPI + TCA is an effective and tolerable treatment for patients with recalcitrant keloids. The minimal treatment-related pain and high patient satisfaction makes it a promising treatment for patients with needle-phobia and/or severe pain during needle injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Bik
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ixora Elmzoon
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Wolkerstorfer
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Peng S, Tu HF, Cheng M, Hu MH, Tsai HL, Tsai YC, Koenig C, Brayton C, Wang H, Chang YN, Arend RC, Levinson K, Roden RBS, Wu TC, Hung CF. Immune responses, therapeutic anti-tumor effects, and tolerability upon therapeutic HPV16/18 E6/E7 DNA vaccination via needle-free biojector. mBio 2023; 14:e0212123. [PMID: 37791765 PMCID: PMC10653862 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02121-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Respectively, HPV16 and HPV18 cause 50% and 20% of cervical cancer cases globally. Viral proteins E6 and E7 are obligate drivers of oncogenic transformation. We recently developed a candidate therapeutic DNA vaccine, pBI-11, that targets HPV16 and HPV18 E6 and E7. Single-site intramuscular delivery of pBI-11 via a needle elicited therapeutic anti-tumor effects in mice and is now being tested in high-risk human papillomavirus+ head and neck cancer patients (NCT05799144). Needle-free biojectors such as the Tropis device show promise due to ease of administration, high patient acceptability, and the possibility of improved delivery. For example, vaccination of patients with the ZyCoV-D DNA vaccine using the Tropis device is effective against COVID19, well tolerated, and licensed. Here we show that split-dose, multi-site administration and intradermal delivery via the Tropis biojector increase the delivery of pBI-11 DNA vaccine, enhance HPV antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, and improve anti-tumor therapeutic effects, suggesting its translational potential to treat HPV16/18 infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ming-Hung Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hua-Ling Tsai
- Department of Oncology Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ya-Chea Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chelsea Koenig
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cory Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Oncology Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rebecca C. Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kimberly Levinson
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard B. S. Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - T. C. Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Velazco de Maldonado GJ, Suárez-Vega DV, Miller-Kobisher B, García-Guevara VJ. Polydioxanone Bioactive Sutures-Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 (Argireline): An Intelligent System for Controlled Release in Facial Harmonization. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2023; 16:325-334. [PMID: 38314369 PMCID: PMC10833482 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_34_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We propose a new facial lifting protocol using polydioxanone (PDO) threads embedded in acetyl hexapeptide-8 (Argireline [Arg]). We assume that Arg reinforces the effects of PDO threads, as it is a mimetic of botulinum toxin. Because the PDO suture is hydrolyzable, this assumption is analyzed by instrumental analysis. Objective To demonstrate the capacity of the PDO suture as a system for the controlled release of acetyl hexapeptide-8 to apply in deep wrinkles of the upper third. Materials and Methods Three segments of 1-cm long 21G PDO threads immersed in 1 mL of Arg. PDO threads were observed under an optical, electron microscope at 24, 48, and 72 h later. They were also weighed before and after being soaked in Arg, and employing ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, the release rate of Arg from the PDO suture was measured. Finally, was insert the thread PDO-Arg following a protocol designed especially for deep static wrinkles in the upper third. Results The electronic weighing revealed that the PDO thread enjoys capillarity by the peptide, doubling its weight every 24 h. UV spectra revealed that PDO thread is a well-controlled release system for Arg, allowing its sustained release for 1 h. Optical and electronic photomicrographs confirm the swelling of the PDO thread by absorbing Arg by its capillarity, but this hydrophilicity does not lead to its premature physical degradation. Conclusions The PDO thread system with Arg is an intelligent bioactive system useful in facial harmonization. It recommend conduct clinical trial to verify his superior lifting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dubraska V Suárez-Vega
- Department of Investigation, Dental Research Center, University of Los Andes, (ULA), Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Blanca Miller-Kobisher
- Academic Division, Pan-American Institute of Scientific Professionals (IPPC), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor J García-Guevara
- Academic and Research Division, Aesthetic Medicine Studies Center Foundation (FUCEME), Caracas, Venezuela
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13
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Wang Q, Zhu Q, Li N. A Scientometric Analysis and Visualization of Scientific Research and Technology Innovation in Needle-free Insulin Injection From 1974 to 2022. Clin Ther 2023; 45:881-888. [PMID: 37516566 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Needle-free jet injection has to some extent improved the quality of life of patients with diabetes, but it has not been widely used. Therefore, we analyzed articles, clinical trials, and patents of needle-free insulin injection to (1) perform a systematic and comprehensive analysis of scientific research and technology innovation in needle-free insulin injection during the past 49 years (1974 to 2022) and (2) identify the status of scientific research and technology innovation, their limitations, and future trends. METHODS With a new perspective, we use scientometric tools, including co-word and word frequency analyses, text mining, and cluster network analysis, to provide a scientometric analysis and visualization of articles, clinical trials, and patents related to needle-free insulin injection delivery applications. FINDINGS Patent innovation in this field was more active than clinical research, and clinical research prevailed over basic research. Basic research and clinical trials in this field mainly involved therapy, penetration, tolerability, absorption, and pharmacokinetic properties. Drive mechanisms and needle-free injection devices were the core patent technologies in this field. IMPLICATIONS Although needle-free insulin injection has been under development for decades, its full potential has not yet been reached; needle-free injection technology is still in the growth stage. The field of needleless insulin injection is dominated by patent technology innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qinlei Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Naishi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Records, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; WHO Family of International Classifications Collaborating Center of China, Beijing, China.
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14
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Zeng D, Tang Z, Wang W, Wang Z, Li J. Experimental investigation of the optimal driving pressure for a larger-volume controllable jet injection system. Med Eng Phys 2023; 119:104033. [PMID: 37634910 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.104033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Jet injection technology has become the alternative drug delivery method of conventional needle-based injection due to its obvious advantages. In order to meet the demand for larger volume injection, the pneumatic jet injection systems have efficiently administrated vaccine up to 1 mL in human. Our recent study has also demonstrated that controlling the driving pressure enabled the pneumatic jet injection system to deliver larger volumes of drugs to target sites at desired rates and times. This work continues to explore the optimal two-phase driving pressure combination with better injection efficiency for typical larger-volume (1.0 mL) jet injection with controllable pneumatic jet injection system. Under the combination of a first phase driving pressure of 1.00 MPa and a second phase driving pressure ranging from 0.25 to 0.90 MPa, dynamic characteristics, dispersion characteristics and pharmacokinetic characteristics of this controllable jet injection system were quantitatively analyzed. In all experiments, it was confirmed that the optimal driving pressure combination of 1.0 mL ejection volume was close to (1.00-0.50) MPa. That is, the injection velocities of 151.85 m/s and 102.01 m/s for the first and second phase respectively facilitated better injection performance with a controlled release of 1.0 mL ejection volume. This strategy is practical for facilitating the clinical application of large-volume controllable jet injection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Zeng
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China.
| | - Zheng Tang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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15
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González-Sierra NE, Perez-Corte JM, Padilla-Martinez JP, Cruz-Vanegas S, Bonfadini S, Storti F, Criante L, Ramos-García R. Bubble dynamics and speed of jets for needle-free injections produced by thermocavitation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:075004. [PMID: 37484974 PMCID: PMC10362157 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.7.075004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Significance The number of injections administered has increased dramatically worldwide due to vaccination campaigns following the COVID-19 pandemic, creating a problem of disposing of syringes and needles. Accidental needle sticks occur among medical and cleaning staff, exposing them to highly contagious diseases, such as hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus. In addition, needle phobia may prevent adequate treatment. To overcome these problems, we propose a needle-free injector based on thermocavitation. Aim Experimentally study the dynamics of vapor bubbles produced by thermocavitation inside a fully buried 3D fused silica chamber and the resulting high-speed jets emerging through a small nozzle made at the top of it. The injected volume can range from ∼ 0.1 to 2 μ L per shot. We also demonstrate that these jets have the ability to penetrate agar skin phantoms and ex-vivo porcine skin. Approach Through the use of a high-speed camera, the dynamics of liquid jets ejected from a microfluidic device were studied. Thermocavitation bubbles are generated by a continuous wave laser (1064 nm). The 3D chamber was fabricated by ultra-short pulse laser-assisted chemical etching. Penetration tests are conducted using agar gels (1%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75%, and 2% concentrations) and porcine tissue as a model for human skin. Result High-speed camera video analysis showed that the average maximum bubble wall speed is about 10 to 25 m/s for almost any combination of pump laser parameters; however, a clever design of the chamber and nozzle enables one to obtain jets with an average speed of ∼ 70 m / s . The expelled volume per shot (0.1 to 2 μ l ) can be controlled by the pump laser intensity. Our injector can deliver up to 20 shots before chamber refill. Penetration of jets into agar of different concentrations and ex-vivo porcine skin is demonstrated. Conclusions The needle-free injectors based on thermocavitation may hold promise for commercial development, due to their cost and compactness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Perez-Corte
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Coordinación de Óptica, Puebla, México
| | | | - Samuel Cruz-Vanegas
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Coordinación de Óptica, Puebla, México
| | - Silvio Bonfadini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Storti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Milano, Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Physics, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigino Criante
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Milano, Italy
| | - Rubén Ramos-García
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Coordinación de Óptica, Puebla, México
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16
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Tan AZH, Taberner AJ, McKeage JW. Rotatable Orifice for Needle-Free Jet Injection. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38082808 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
This research explores a new development in orifice technology for needle-free jet injection. The premise lies in the ability to control the angle at which the drug is delivered into the tissue to increase the lateral dispersion of the drug. Towards this aim, a spherical orifice that can rotate to adjust the injection angle is explored. This work tests the design and feasibility of the spherical orifice, its housing, and the orifice seats. The results show that the most successful way to create a fluid seal within the housing was to use an o-ring to create a fluid seal at the inlet side of the sphere and an extended brass seat on the outlet side of the sphere. This allowed jet speeds up to approximately 123 m/s through a 0.2 mm orifice machined into 9.5 mm diameter brass sphere. Jet speeds large enough to penetrate porcine tissue were reached at jet angles of 0° to 50° relative to the base of the injector. Although the jets successfully penetrated the tissue, the amount of fluid delivered varied depending on the injection angle. With a shallow angle injection, the fluid retention rate (the percentage of the ejected fluid from the injector which the tissue sample retained) was on average 44%. When the spherical orifice was at its maximum angle, the injection achieved an average fluid retention rate of 22%. At its widest angle, lateral dispersion of the drug also increased by approximately 40%, in comparison to conventional needles and traditional perpendicular jet injection. In summary, a spherical orifice needle-free injection system successfully produced high-speed jets and delivered liquid into porcine tissue at injection angles from 0° to 50°, demonstrating the feasibility of this technique that offers unique advantages over typical orifice plates and conventional needles.Clinical Relevance-A rotatable nozzle can be used to control the angle of needle-free drug delivery.
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17
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van der Ven DL, Morrone D, Quetzeri-Santiago MA, Fernandez Rivas D. Microfluidic jet impact: Spreading, splashing, soft substrate deformation and injection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 636:549-558. [PMID: 36652830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Needle-free injections using microfluidic jets could be optimized by reducing splashing and controlling injection depth. However, this is impeded by an incomplete understanding on how jet characteristics influence impact outcome. We hypothesise that exploring the relation between microfluidic jet characteristics and substrate shear modulus on impact behavior will assist in predicting and giving insights on the impact outcome on skin and injection endpoints. EXPERIMENTS To do so, a setup using microfluidic chips, at varying laser powers and stand-off distances, was used to create thermocavitation generated microfluidic jets with ranging characteristics (velocity: 7-77 m/s, diameter: 35-120 μm, Weber-number: 40-4000), which were impacted on substrates with different shear modulus. FINDINGS Seven impact regimes were found, depending on jet Weber-number and substrate shear modulus, and we identified three thresholds: i) spreading/splashing threshold, ii) dimple formation threshold, and iii) plastic/elastic deformation threshold. The regimes show similarity to skin impact, although the opacity of skin complicated determining the threshold values. Additionally, we found that jet velocity has a higher predictive value for injection depth compared to the Weber-number, and consequently, the jet-diameter. Our findings provide fundamental knowledge on the interaction between microfluidic jets and substrates, and are relevant for optimizing needle-free injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L van der Ven
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems group, MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Davide Morrone
- Nanovea SRL, Via Balegno 1, 10040 Rivalta di Torino, Italy
| | - Miguel A Quetzeri-Santiago
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems group, MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - David Fernandez Rivas
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems group, MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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18
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Xu J, McKeage JW, Ruddy BP, Nielsen PMF, Taberner AJ. Jet-Induced Blood Release From Human Fingertips: A Single-Blind, Randomized, Crossover Trial. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023; 17:374-380. [PMID: 34711060 PMCID: PMC10012351 DOI: 10.1177/19322968211053895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lancet pricks are often poorly received by individuals with diabetes; jet injection may allow lancet-free blood sampling. We examine whether the technique of jet injection can release sufficient blood from the fingertip to enable measurement of blood glucose concentration. In addition, we assess the effect of jet shape and cross-sectional area on fluid release, blood dilution, and perceived pain. METHODS A randomized, single-blind, crossover study was conducted on 20 healthy volunteers who received interventions on four fingertips: a lancet prick, and jet injection of a small quantity of saline solution through three differently shaped and sized nozzles. Released fluid volume, blood concentration, and glucose concentration were assessed immediately after the intervention. Pain perception and duration, and any skin reactions, were evaluated both immediately and 24 hours after the intervention. RESULTS Jet injection released sufficient blood from the fingertip to conduct a glucose measurement. A slot-shaped nozzle released the most blood, although less than a lancet, with slightly higher pain. The blood glucose levels estimated from the extracted fluid showed a mean absolute percentage error of 25%. There was no consistent evidence that a jet injection leads to different skin reactions at the intervention site relative to a lancet prick. CONCLUSIONS Fingertip penetration by jet injection can release a volume of fluid sufficient for blood glucose measurement. Jet injection with a slot-shaped nozzle and/or a nozzle with larger outlet area helps to release more fluid. This technique may enable blood sampling, glucose concentration measurement, and insulin delivery to be performed in a single device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Xu
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Jiali Xu, BTech (Hons), Auckland Bioengineering
Institute, The University of Auckland, 70 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - James W. McKeage
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bryan P. Ruddy
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute and
Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Poul M. F. Nielsen
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute and
Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J. Taberner
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute and
Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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19
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Chang CY, Tai JA, Sakaguchi Y, Nishikawa T, Hirayama Y, Yamashita K. Enhancement of polyethylene glycol-cell fusion efficiency by novel application of transient pressure using a jet injector. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:478-489. [PMID: 36651034 PMCID: PMC9989930 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell fusion involves the fusion of somatic cells into a single hybrid cell. It is not only a physiological process but also an important cell engineering technology which can be applied to various fields, such as regenerative medicine, antibody engineering, genetic engineering, and cancer therapy. There are three major methods of cell fusion: electrical cell fusion, polyethylene glycol (PEG) cell fusion, and virus-mediated cell fusion. Although PEG cell fusion is the most economical approach and does not require expensive instrumentation, it has a poor fusion rate and induces a high rate of cell cytotoxicity. To improve the fusion rate of the PEG method, we combined it with the pyro-drive jet injector (PJI). PJI provides instant pressure instead of cell agitation to increase the probability of cell-to-cell contact and shorten the distance between cells in the process of cell fusion. Here, we report that this improved fusion method not only decreased cell cytotoxicity during the fusion process, but also increased fusion rate compared with the conventional PEG method. Furthermore, we tested the functionality of cells fused using the PJI-PEG method and found them to be comparable to those fused using the conventional PEG method in terms of their application for dendritic cell (DC)-tumor cell fusion vaccine production; in addition, the PJI-PEG method demonstrated excellent performance in hybridoma cell preparation. Taken together, our data indicate that this method improves cell fusion efficiency as compared to the PEG method and thus has the potential for use in various applications that require cell fusion technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Yang Chang
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Jiayu A Tai
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakaguchi
- Medical Device Division, Industry Business Unit, Safety Strategic Business Unit, Daicel Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishikawa
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yayoi Hirayama
- Medical Device Division, Industry Business Unit, Safety Strategic Business Unit, Daicel Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yamashita
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan.,Medical Device Division, Industry Business Unit, Safety Strategic Business Unit, Daicel Co., Osaka, Japan.,Medical Device Development, Medical Device Division, Industry Business Unit, Safety Strategic Business Unit, Daicel Co., Osaka, Japan
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20
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Mohizin A, Imran JH, Lee KS, Kim JK. Dynamic interaction of injected liquid jet with skin layer interfaces revealed by microsecond imaging of optically cleared ex vivo skin tissue model. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:15. [PMID: 36849998 PMCID: PMC9969392 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Needle-free jet injection (NFJI) systems enable a controlled and targeted delivery of drugs into skin tissue. However, a scarce understanding of their underlying mechanisms has been a major deterrent to the development of an efficient system. Primarily, the lack of a suitable visualization technique that could capture the dynamics of the injected fluid-tissue interaction with a microsecond range temporal resolution has emerged as a main limitation. A conventional needle-free injection system may inject the fluids within a few milliseconds and may need a temporal resolution in the microsecond range for obtaining the required images. However, the presently available imaging techniques for skin tissue visualization fail to achieve these required spatial and temporal resolutions. Previous studies on injected fluid-tissue interaction dynamics were conducted using in vitro media with a stiffness similar to that of skin tissue. However, these media are poor substitutes for real skin tissue, and the need for an imaging technique having ex vivo or in vivo imaging capability has been echoed in the previous reports. METHODS A near-infrared imaging technique that utilizes the optical absorption and fluorescence emission of indocyanine green dye, coupled with a tissue clearing technique, was developed for visualizing a NFJI in an ex vivo porcine skin tissue. RESULTS The optimal imaging conditions obtained by considering the optical properties of the developed system and mechanical properties of the cleared ex vivo samples are presented. Crucial information on the dynamic interaction of the injected liquid jet with the ex vivo skin tissue layers and their interfaces could be obtained. CONCLUSIONS The reported technique can be instrumental for understanding the injection mechanism and for the development of an efficient transdermal NFJI system as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mohizin
- grid.91443.3b0000 0001 0788 9816School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Jakir Hossain Imran
- grid.91443.3b0000 0001 0788 9816Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Sung Lee
- grid.91443.3b0000 0001 0788 9816School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Tundisi LL, Ataide JA, Costa JSR, Coêlho DDF, Liszbinski RB, Lopes AM, Oliveira-Nascimento L, de Jesus MB, Jozala AF, Ehrhardt C, Mazzola PG. Nanotechnology as a tool to overcome macromolecules delivery issues. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113043. [PMID: 36455361 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers can deliver drugs to specific organs or cells, potentially bridging the gap between a drug's function and its interaction with biological systems such as human physiology. The untapped potential of nanotechnology stems from its ability to manipulate materials, allowing control over physical and chemical properties and overcoming drug-related problems, e.g., poor solubility or poor bioavailability. For example, most protein drugs are administered parenterally, each with challenges and peculiarities. Some problems faced by bioengineered macromolecule drugs leading to poor bioavailability are short biological half-life, large size and high molecular weight, low permeability through biological membranes, and structural instability. Nanotechnology emerges as a promising strategy to overcome these problems. Nevertheless, the delivery system should be carefully chosen considering loading efficiency, physicochemical properties, production conditions, toxicity, and regulations. Moving from the bench to the bedside is still one of the major bottlenecks in nanomedicine, and toxicological issues are the greatest challenges to overcome. This review provides an overview of biotech drug delivery approaches, associated nanotechnology novelty, toxicological issues, and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janaína Artem Ataide
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Souza Ribeiro Costa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology (Latef), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Bester Liszbinski
- Nano-Cell Interactions Lab., Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Moreni Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Laura Oliveira-Nascimento
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology (Latef), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bispo de Jesus
- Nano-Cell Interactions Lab., Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angela Faustino Jozala
- LAMINFE - Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Process, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
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22
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Improved DNA Vaccine Delivery with Needle-Free Injection Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020280. [PMID: 36851159 PMCID: PMC9964240 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines have inherent advantages compared to other vaccine types, including safety, rapid design and construction, ease and speed to manufacture, and thermostability. However, a major drawback of candidate DNA vaccines delivered by needle and syringe is the poor immunogenicity associated with inefficient cellular uptake of the DNA. This uptake is essential because the target vaccine antigen is produced within cells and then presented to the immune system. Multiple techniques have been employed to boost the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccines, including physical delivery methods, molecular and traditional adjuvants, and genetic sequence enhancements. Needle-free injection systems (NFIS) are an attractive alternative due to the induction of potent immunogenicity, enhanced protective efficacy, and elimination of needles. These advantages led to a milestone achievement in the field with the approval for Restricted Use in Emergency Situation of a DNA vaccine against COVID-19, delivered exclusively with NFIS. In this review, we discuss physical delivery methods for DNA vaccines with an emphasis on commercially available NFIS and their resulting safety, immunogenic effectiveness, and protective efficacy. As is discussed, prophylactic DNA vaccines delivered by NFIS tend to induce non-inferior immunogenicity to electroporation and enhanced responses compared to needle and syringe.
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23
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Hoffman MSF, McKeage JW, Xu J, Ruddy BP, Nielsen PMF, Taberner AJ. Minimally invasive capillary blood sampling methods. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023; 20:5-16. [PMID: 36694960 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2170783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whole blood samples, including arterial, venous, and capillary blood, are regularly used for disease diagnosis and monitoring. The global Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a more resilient screening capacity. Minimally invasive sampling techniques, such as capillary blood sampling, are routinely used for point of care testing in the home healthcare setting and clinical settings such as the Intensive Care Unit with less pain and wounding than conventional venepuncture. AREAS COVERED In this manuscript, we aim to provide a overview of state-of-the-art of techniques for obtaining samples of capillary blood. We first review both established and novel methods for releasing blood from capillaries in the skin. Next, we provide a comparison of different capillary blood sampling methods based on their mechanism, testing site, puncture size, cost, wound geometry, healing, and perceptions of pain. Finally, we overview established and new methods for enhancing capillary blood collection. EXPERT OPINION We expect that microneedles will prove to be a preferred option for paediatric blood collection. The ability of microneedles to collect a capillary blood sample without pain will improve paediatric healthcare outcomes. Jet injection may prove to be a useful method for facilitating both blood collection and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James W McKeage
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiali Xu
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bryan P Ruddy
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Poul M F Nielsen
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Taberner
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Maragkakis G, Athanasiou LV, Chaintoutis SC, Psalla D, Kostoulas P, Meletis E, Papakonstantinou G, Maes D, Christodoulopoulos G, Papatsiros VG. Evaluation of Intradermal PRRSV MLV Vaccination of Suckling Piglets on Health and Performance Parameters under Field Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010061. [PMID: 36611671 PMCID: PMC9817773 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes respiratory disease in weaning and growing pigs. A vaccination against PRRSV is one of the most important control measures. This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of the intradermal (ID) administration of a PRRSV-1 modified live virus (MLV) vaccine in comparison to the intramuscular (IM) administration on the piglets’ health and performance. A total of 187 suckling piglets of a PRRSV-positive commercial farrow-to-finish farm were assigned to four groups: group A—PRRSV ID, group B—PRRSV IM, group C—control ID, and group D—control IM. At 2 weeks of age, all the study piglets were either vaccinated with a PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine or injected with the vaccine adjuvant (controls). The collected blood serum samples were tested by ELISA and qRT-PCR. The side effects, body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), mortality rate, and lung and pleurisy lesions scores (LLS, PLS) were also recorded. The ELISA results indicated that the vaccination induced an important seroconversion at 4 and 7 weeks. Significant differences in the qRT-PCR results were noticed only at 10 weeks in group A vs. group C (p < 0.01) and group B vs. group C (p < 0.05). High viral loads, as evidenced by the qRT-PCR Ct values, were noticed in animals of both non-vaccinated groups at 7, 10, and 13 weeks. An ID vaccination has a positive impact on the BW at the piglets’ slaughter, while both an ID and IM vaccination had a positive impact on the ADG. The mortality rate was lower in vaccinated groups at the finishing stage. The LLS and PLS were significantly lower in the vaccinated groups. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the ID vaccination of suckling piglets with a PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine has a positive effect on the piglets’ health and performance, including an improved BW and a lower LLS and PLS index at their slaughter, as well as a decreased mortality rate at the growing/finishing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Maragkakis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Labrini V. Athanasiou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Serafeim C. Chaintoutis
- Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Psalla
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Epidemiology & Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Meletis
- Laboratory of Epidemiology & Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Georgios Papakonstantinou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Georgios Christodoulopoulos
- Department of of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, Votanikos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-244-106-6012
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Zhu Y, Kang C, Cai W, Huang C. Drug injection and dispersion characteristics of an air-powered needle-free injector. Med Eng Phys 2022; 109:103906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sun Y, Lou W, Feng H, Su W, Lv S. A microexplosive shockwave-based drug delivery microsystem for treating hard-to-reach areas in the human body. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:106. [PMID: 36164485 PMCID: PMC9508092 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Implantable drug-delivery microsystems have the capacity to locally meet therapeutic requirements by maximizing local drug efficacy and minimizing potential side effects. The internal organs of the human body including the esophagus, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract, with anfractuos contours, all manifest with endoluminal lesions often located in a curved or zigzag area. The ability of localized drug delivery for these organs using existing therapeutic modalities is limited. Spraying a drug onto these areas and using the adhesion and water absorption properties of the drug powder to attach to lesion areas can provide effective treatment. This study aimed to report the development and application of microsystems based on microshockwave delivery of drugs. The devices comprised a warhead-like shell with a powder placed at the head of the device and a flexible rod that could be inserted at the tail. These devices had the capacity to deposit drugs on mucous membranes in curved or zigzag areas of organs in the body. The explosive impact characteristics of the device during drug delivery were analyzed by numerical simulation. In the experiment of drug delivery in pig intestines, we described the biosafety and drug delivery capacity of the system. We anticipate that such microsystems could be applied to a range of endoluminal diseases in curved or zigzag regions of the human body while maximizing the on-target effects of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Science and Technology on Electromechanical Dynamic Control Laboratory, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenzhong Lou
- Science and Technology on Electromechanical Dynamic Control Laboratory, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Hengzhen Feng
- Science and Technology on Electromechanical Dynamic Control Laboratory, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenting Su
- Science and Technology on Electromechanical Dynamic Control Laboratory, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China
| | - Sining Lv
- Science and Technology on Electromechanical Dynamic Control Laboratory, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China
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Angiotensin II Blood Serum Levels in Piglets, after Intra-Dermal or Intra-Muscular Vaccination against PRRSV. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090496. [PMID: 36136712 PMCID: PMC9503611 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection causes massive financial losses in pig production worldwide. Vaccination is still the most cost-effective tool to handle PRRSV infection. PRRSV induces apoptosis in different organs. Angiotensin II (Ang II) participates in the inflammatory response, cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The objective of the current study was to assess the concentration of Ang II in the serum of piglets following immunization against PRRSV through intradermal (ID) or intramuscular (IM) vaccination with a commercial PRRS modified live virus (MLV) vaccine. The results indicated differences in viremia of tested piglets at 7 weeks of age, while piglets at 10 weeks of age were all found qRT-PCR positive for PRRSV. Moreover, significant differences were noticed in Ang II in 7-week-old piglets. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that ID vaccination induces less tissue damage, based on the lower measurements of Ang II in the serum of ID vaccinated piglets. Abstract The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) induces apoptosis in different organs. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main effector of the renin-angiotensin system and participates in apoptosis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate changes in piglet serum Ang II levels following intradermal (ID) and intramuscular (IM) vaccination with a commercial PRRS modified live virus (MLV) vaccine. The trial was conducted in a commercial pig farm, including 104 piglets which were randomly allocated to four groups: Group A—Porcilis PRRS ID, Group B—Porcilis PRRS IM, Group C—Diluvac ID and Group D—Diluvac IM. The study piglets were either vaccinated or injected at 2 weeks of age and they were tested by qRT-PCR for PRRSV and by ELISA for Ang II. The results indicated differences in viremia of tested piglets at 7 weeks of age, while piglets at 10 weeks of age were all found qRT-PCR positive for PRRSV. In addition, significant differences were noticed in Ang II in 7-week-old piglets. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that ID vaccination induces less tissue damage, based on the lower measurements of Ang II in the serum of ID vaccinated piglets.
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Design and Analysis: Servo-Tube-Powered Liquid Jet Injector for Drug Delivery Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12146920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The current state of commercially available needle-free liquid jet injectors for drug delivery offers no way of controlling the output pressure of the device in real time, as the driving mechanism for these injectors provides a fixed delivery pressure profile. In order to improve the delivery efficiency as well as the precision of the targeted tissue depth, it is necessary to develop a power source that can accurately control the plunger velocity. The duration of a liquid jet injection can vary from 10 to 100 ms, and it generate acceleration greater than 2 g (where g is the gravity); thus, a platform for real-time control must exhibit a response time greater than 1 kHz and good accuracy. Improving the pioneering work by Taberner and others whereby a Lorentz force actuator based upon a voice coil is designed, this study presents a prototype injector system with greater controllability based on the use of a fully closed-loop control system and a classical three-phase linear motor consisting of three fixed coils and multiple permanent magnets. Apart from being capable of generating jets with a required stagnation pressure of 15–16 MPa for skin penetration and liquid injection, as well as reproducing typical injection dynamics using commercially available injectors, the novelty of this proposed platform is that it is proven to be capable of shaping the real-time jet injection pressure profile, including pulsed injection, so that it can later be tailored for more efficient drug delivery.
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29
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Flow field analysis and structure optimization of high-dose multi-hole needle-free jet injector. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alkilani AZ, Nasereddin J, Hamed R, Nimrawi S, Hussein G, Abo-Zour H, Donnelly RF. Beneath the Skin: A Review of Current Trends and Future Prospects of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061152. [PMID: 35745725 PMCID: PMC9231212 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ideal drug delivery system has a bioavailability comparable to parenteral dosage forms but is as convenient and easy to use for the patient as oral solid dosage forms. In recent years, there has been increased interest in transdermal drug delivery (TDD) as a non-invasive delivery approach that is generally regarded as being easy to administer to more vulnerable age groups, such as paediatric and geriatric patients, while avoiding certain bioavailability concerns that arise from oral drug delivery due to poor absorbability and metabolism concerns. However, despite its many merits, TDD remains restricted to a select few drugs. The physiology of the skin poses a barrier against the feasible delivery of many drugs, limiting its applicability to only those drugs that possess physicochemical properties allowing them to be successfully delivered transdermally. Several techniques have been developed to enhance the transdermal permeability of drugs. Both chemical (e.g., thermal and mechanical) and passive (vesicle, nanoparticle, nanoemulsion, solid dispersion, and nanocrystal) techniques have been investigated to enhance the permeability of drug substances across the skin. Furthermore, hybrid approaches combining chemical penetration enhancement technologies with physical technologies are being intensively researched to improve the skin permeation of drug substances. This review aims to summarize recent trends in TDD approaches and discuss the merits and drawbacks of the various chemical, physical, and hybrid approaches currently being investigated for improving drug permeability across the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Zaid Alkilani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; (J.N.); (S.N.); (G.H.); (H.A.-Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jehad Nasereddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; (J.N.); (S.N.); (G.H.); (H.A.-Z.)
| | - Rania Hamed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan;
| | - Sukaina Nimrawi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; (J.N.); (S.N.); (G.H.); (H.A.-Z.)
| | - Ghaid Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; (J.N.); (S.N.); (G.H.); (H.A.-Z.)
| | - Hadeel Abo-Zour
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; (J.N.); (S.N.); (G.H.); (H.A.-Z.)
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- Medical Biology Centre, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK;
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31
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Hankare P, Agrawala A, Menezes V. High-Speed Jet Injector for Pharmaceutical Applications. J Med Device 2022. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4054549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A shock wave-driven needle-free syringe was developed and tested for liquid jet delivery into an artificial skin model and porcine skin samples. The device could deliver an adequate volume of liquid to a depth sufficient for drug dissemination in skin samples. The device is equipped with a splash-proof conduit and a silencer for smooth operation. The concept is expected to minimize the pain of liquid injection by a) minimally breaching the blood vessels in the skin, b) reducing trauma, inflammation and aiding regeneration of the incised spot by the liquid of the jet, and c) preserving most of the micro-circulation system in the target, enabling an effective drug uptake. A theoretical model that predicts jet penetration into viscoelastic targets is derived and presented. A sound agreement has been observed between the experimental jet penetration depths and the corresponding theoretical predictions. The development can offer a cost-effective, minimally invasive health care solution for immunization and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Hankare
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India
| | - Ashish Agrawala
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India
| | - Viren Menezes
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, India
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Kaffash E, Ali Shahbazi M, Hatami H, Nokhodchi A. An insight into gastrointestinal macromolecule delivery using physical oral devices. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2309-2321. [PMID: 35460891 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery is preferred over other routes of drug administration by both patients and physicians. The bioavailability of some therapeutics that are delivered via the oral route is restricted due to the protease- and bacteria-rich environment in the gastrointestinal tract, and by the pH variability along the delivery route. Given these harsh environments, the oral delivery of therapeutic macromolecules is complicated and remains challenging. Various formulation approaches, including the use of permeation enhancers and nanosized carriers, as well as chemical alteration of the drug structure, have been studied as ways to improve the oral absorption of macromolecular drugs. Nevertheless, the bioavailability of marketed oral peptide medicines is often relatively poor. This review highlights the most recent and promising physical methods for improving the oral bioavailability of macromolecules such as peptides. These methods include microneedle injections, high-speed stream injectors, magnetic drug targeting, expandable hydrogels, and iontophoresis. We highlight the potential and challenges of these new technologies, which may impact the future approaches used by pharmaceutical companies to create more efficient and safer orally administered macromolecules. Teaser: Despite substantial effort, the oral delivery of macromolecules remains challenging due to their low bioavailability. This review discusses the potential, challenges, and safety concerns associated with new technologies and devices for oral macromolecule delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Kaffash
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Hooman Hatami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
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McHugh AD, Chase JG, Knopp JL, Zhou T, Holder-Pearson L. Determining Losses in Jet Injection Subcutaneous Insulin Delivery: A Model-Based Approach. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2022:19322968221085032. [PMID: 35343255 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221085032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate, safe glycemic management requires reliable delivery of insulin doses. Insulin can be delivered subcutaneously for action over a longer period of time. Needle-free jet injectors provide subcutaneous (SC) delivery without requiring needle use, but the volume of insulin absorbed varies due to losses associated with the delivery method. This study employs model-based methods to determine the expected proportion of active insulin present from a needle-free SC dose. METHODS Insulin, C-peptide, and glucose assay data from a frequently sampled insulin-modified oral glucose tolerance test trial with 2U SC insulin delivery, paired with a well-validated metabolic model, predict metabolic outcomes for N = 7 healthy adults. Subject-specific nonlinear hepatic clearance profiles are modeled over time using third-order basis splines with knots located at assay times. Hepatic clearance profiles are constrained within a physiological rate of change, and relative to plasma glucose profiles. Insulin loss proportions yielding optimal insulin predictions are then identified, quantifying delivery losses. RESULTS Optimal parameter identification suggests losses of up to 22% of the nominal 2U SC dose. The degree of loss varies between subjects and between trials on the same subject. Insulin fit accuracy improves where loss greater than 5% is identified, relative to where delivery loss is not modeled. CONCLUSIONS Modeling shows needle-free SC jet injection of a nominal dose of insulin does not necessarily provide metabolic action equivalent to total dose, and this availability significantly varies between trials. By quantifying and accounting for variability of jet injection insulin doses, better glycemic management outcomes using SC jet injection may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D McHugh
- Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Geoffrey Chase
- Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L Knopp
- Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tony Zhou
- Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lui Holder-Pearson
- Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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34
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Jet injectors: Perspectives for small volume delivery with lasers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114109. [PMID: 34998902 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Needle-free jet injectors have been proposed as an alternative to injections with hypodermic needles. Currently, a handful of commercial needle-free jet injectors already exist. However, these injectors are designed for specific injections, typically limited to large injection volumes into the deeper layers beneath the skin. There is growing evidence of advantages when delivering small volumes into the superficial skin layers, namely the epidermis and dermis. Injections such as vaccines and insulin would benefit from delivery into these superficial layers. Furthermore, the same technology for small volume needle-free injections can serve (medical) tattooing as well as other personalized medicine treatments. The research dedicated to needle-free jet injectors actuated by laser energy has increased in the last decade. In this case, the absorption of the optical energy by the liquid results in an explosively growing bubble. This bubble displaces the rest of the liquid, resulting in a fast microfluidic jet which can penetrate the skin. This technique allows for precise control over volumes (pL to µL) and penetration depths (µm to mm). Furthermore, these injections can be tuned without changing the device, by varying parameters such as laser power, beam diameter and filling level of the liquid container. Despite the published research on the working principles and capabilities of individual laser-actuated jet injectors, a thorough overview encompassing all of them is lacking. In this perspective, we will discuss the current status of laser-based jet injectors and contrast their advantages and limitations, as well as their potential and challenges.
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35
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Shankar P, Chellathurai BNK, Kumar SA, Mahendra J, Mugri MH, Sayed M, Almagbol M, Al Wadei MHD, Vijayalakshmi R, Ambalavanan N, Raj AT, Patil S. A Comparison in Patient Comfort Using Conventional Syringe and Needleless Jet Anesthesia Technique in Periodontal Surgery—A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020278. [PMID: 35208601 PMCID: PMC8880158 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Periodontal surgery requires local anesthetic coverage to alleviate patient discomfort. Needles and injections can engender feelings of fear and anxiety in individuals. This study aimed to assess the level of comfort and anxiety in patients during the administration of local anesthesia using needleless jet anesthesia (JA) when compared to a conventional syringe (CS) in periodontal surgery. Method and Materials: 60 sites were designated for injection in a split-mouth design in 30 subjects who required periodontal surgery. Local anesthesia was administered in two appointments scheduled one week apart using either a JA system or a CS. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), and Beck’s anxiety inventory were used to report the pain and anxiety levels while injecting local anesthesia. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the Shapiro–Wilks test and Paired t-test. Results: Patients reported greater comfort with JA. The VAS and VRS values were statistically significant—(p = 0.003) and (p = 0.001), respectively. Patients showed fear and were nervous about receiving a local anesthetic using a CS. A few subjects experienced lingering pain with the CS, whereas greater comfort and no lingering soreness were reported post-operatively at the site of JA administration. Conclusion: This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of using JA for periodontal surgical procedures. Lower pain scores were consistently observed with the use of jet injectors. Patients were at ease and reported lesser anxiety and greater comfort with jet injectors, making it ideally suited for providing local anesthesia in periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Shankar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Alapakkam Main Road, Chennai 600095, India; (P.S.); (S.A.K.); (J.M.); (R.V.); (N.A.)
| | - Burnice Nalina Kumari Chellathurai
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Alapakkam Main Road, Chennai 600095, India; (P.S.); (S.A.K.); (J.M.); (R.V.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (B.N.K.C.); (S.P.)
| | - S. Ashok Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Alapakkam Main Road, Chennai 600095, India; (P.S.); (S.A.K.); (J.M.); (R.V.); (N.A.)
| | - Jaideep Mahendra
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Alapakkam Main Road, Chennai 600095, India; (P.S.); (S.A.K.); (J.M.); (R.V.); (N.A.)
| | - Maryam H. Mugri
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Almagbol
- Department of Community and Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Rajaram Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Alapakkam Main Road, Chennai 600095, India; (P.S.); (S.A.K.); (J.M.); (R.V.); (N.A.)
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Alapakkam Main Road, Chennai 600095, India; (P.S.); (S.A.K.); (J.M.); (R.V.); (N.A.)
| | - A. Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India;
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (B.N.K.C.); (S.P.)
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Bik L, van Doorn M, Hansen ACN, Janfelt C, Olesen UH, Haedersdal M, Lerche CM, Hendel K. In vivo dermal delivery of bleomycin with electronic pneumatic injection: drug visualization and quantification with mass spectrometry. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:213-219. [PMID: 35107046 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2035719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intralesional bleomycin (BLM) administration by needle injection is effective for keloids and common warts but has significant drawbacks, including treatment-related pain and highly operator-depended success rates. Electronic pneumatic injection (EPI) is a promising, less painful, needle-free delivery method that potentially enables more precise and controlled dermal drug delivery. Here, we aimed to explore the cutaneous pharmacokinetics, biodistribution patterns and tolerability of BLM administered by EPI in vivo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a pig model, EPI with BLM or saline (SAL) were evaluated after 1, 48 and 216 hours. Mass spectrometry quantification and imaging were used to assess BLM concentrations and biodistribution patterns in skin biopsies. Tolerability was assessed by scoring local skin reactions (LSR) and measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL). RESULTS Directly after BLM injection a peak concentration of 109.2 µg/cm3 (43.9-175.2) was measured in skin biopsies. After 9 days BLM was undetectable. EPI resulted in a focal BLM biodistribution in the mid-dermal delivery zone resembling a triangular shape. Mild LSRs were resolved spontaneously and TEWL was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS BLM administered by EPI resulted in quantifiable and focal mid-dermal distribution of BLM. The high skin bioavailability holds a great potential for clinical effects and warrants further evaluation in future human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Bik
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martijn van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders C N Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Uffe H Olesen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catharina M Lerche
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Hendel
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bik L, van Doorn MBA, Boeijink N, Wennekers M, Meesters AA, Bloemen P, Haedersdal M, Wolkerstorfer A. Clinical endpoints of needle-free jet injector treatment: An in depth understanding of immediate skin responses. Lasers Surg Med 2022; 54:693-701. [PMID: 35067934 PMCID: PMC9303610 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Needle‐free jet injectors have been used in dermatological practice for many years. However, predefined clinical endpoints that guide physicians to choose optimal device settings have not been clearly defined. Here, we evaluate immediate skin responses as clinical endpoints for needle‐free jet injector treatments. Methods We injected methylene blue in ex vivo human skin using an electronically‐controllable pneumatic injector (EPI; 3–6 bar, 50–130 µl; n = 63), and a spring‐loaded jet injector (SLI) with fixed settings (100 µl; n = 9). We measured the immediate skin papule (3D‐camera), residual surface fluid (pipette), dermal dye distribution by estimating depth and width, and subcutaneous dye deposition. Results EPI with 4 bar and 100 µl resulted in the largest skin papule of 48.7 mm3 (35.4–62.6 mm3) and widest dermal distribution of 8.0 mm (5.5–9.0 mm) compared to EPI with 6 bar and 100 µl (p < 0.001, p = 0.018, respectively). The skin papule volume showed a significant moderate to high positive correlation with the width and depth of dye distribution in the dermis (rs = 0.63, rs = 0.58, respectively; p < 0.001 for both correlations). SLI showed high variability for all outcome measures. Finally, a trend was observed that a small skin papule (≤7 mm) and little residual surface fluid (≤10% of injection volume) were warning signs for subcutaneous deposition. Conclusions The immediate skin papule and residual surface fluid correspond with dermal drug deposition and are relevant clinical endpoints for needle‐free jet injector treatments in dermatological practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Bik
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn B A van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neill Boeijink
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Medelyn Wennekers
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne A Meesters
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Bloemen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amsterdam UMC Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Wolkerstorfer
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pan Q, Zhang L, Gu A, Yu D, Wang X, Zhou Y, Guo L. The Absorption of Needle-Free Insulin Aspart Through Jet Injector in Different Body Parts of Healthy Individuals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:832726. [PMID: 35574009 PMCID: PMC9099202 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.832726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The absorption of needle-free fast-acting insulin injected into different body parts of healthy male subjects was studied in an attempt to provide clinical guidance for diabetic patients who take needle-free insulin injections in terms of providing reference in the clinical guidance regarding the correct use of needle-free insulin injections among diabetic patients. This randomized, open-label, cross-over trial was conducted on eight healthy adult male volunteers, in which the skin thickness at three injection sites (abdomen, upper arm, and thigh), the time to peak, peak rate, and area under the glucose infusion rate (GIR) curve of plasma insulin were measured through the hyperinsulin-normal glucose clamp test after the injection of insulin aspart with a needle-free syringe at three different sites to analyze the correlation between insulin absorption index at different injection sites and skin thickness. The values of the skin thickness of the abdomen, upper arm, and thigh measured by ultrasonic wave were 2.45 ± 0.34 mm, 2.18 ± 0.50 mm, and 1.93 ± 0.55 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference in the skin thickness of the abdomen and thigh (P = 0.014). The hyperinsulin-normal glucose clamp model was successfully established for each subject. Approximately 0-2 h after injection of insulin aspart with needle-free syringes, the area under the GIR-time curve of the abdomen, upper arm, and thigh was 29,400.75 ± 2,645.00 ml, 30,230.50 ± 4,937.87 ml, and 30,179.63 ± 6,188.57 ml, respectively. There was no significant difference in the area under the GIR curve between any two injection sites (P >0.05). The time to peak of GIR at different injection sites was 38.68 ± 13.57 min in the abdomen, 40.86 ± 12.70 min in the upper arm, and 37.03 ± 13.29 min in the thigh, respectively, in which no significant difference was found between each of them (P >0.05). The GIR curve after injection at the three different sites was consistent with each other. There was no significant difference in insulin absorption after the injection of insulin aspartate into the abdomen, upper arm, and thigh with a needleless syringe in healthy male adult volunteers, and there was no correlation between skin thickness at the injection site and insulin absorption. Injection sites did not affect the absorption of insulin in needle-free injections.
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Bik L, Wolkerstorfer A, Bekkers V, Prens EP, Haedersdal M, Bonn D, van Doorn MBA. Needle-free jet injection-induced small-droplet aerosol formation during intralesional bleomycin therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 54:572-579. [PMID: 34931319 PMCID: PMC9303553 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Needle-free jet injectors are frequently used in dermatological practice. Injection-generated small-droplet aerosols could be harmful upon inhalation when chemotherapeutics, like bleomycin, are used. Here, we aim to explore jet injector-induced small-droplet aerosol formation of bleomycin in relation to air ventilation and to provide safety measures for clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS With a professional particle sensor, we measured airborne aerosol particles (0.2-10.0 µm) after electronic pneumatic injection (EPI), spring-loaded jet injection (SLI), and needle injection (NI) of bleomycin and saline (100 μl) on ex vivo human skin. Three levels of air ventilation were explored: no ventilation, room ventilation, and room ventilation with an additional smoke evacuator. RESULTS EPI and SLI induced significant small-droplet aerosol formation compared with none after NI (0.2-1.0 µm; no ventilation). The largest bleomycin aerosol generation was observed for the smallest particles (0.2-1.0 µm) with 673.170 (528.802-789.453) aerosol particles/liter air (EPI; no ventilation). Room ventilation and smoke evacuation led to a reduction of ≥99% and 100% of measured aerosols, respectively. CONCLUSION Jet injectors generate a high number of small-droplet aerosols, potentially introducing harmful effects to patients and healthcare personnel. Room ventilation and smoke evacuation are effective safety measures when chemotherapeutics are used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Bik
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Wolkerstorfer
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vazula Bekkers
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Bonn
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn B A van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Xu J, McKeage JW, Ruddy BP, Nielsen PMF, Taberner AJ. Jet-induced Tissue Disruption for Blood Release. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:1850-1859. [PMID: 34807816 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3129606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Needle free jet injection is a drug delivery technique that uses the momentum of the fluid drug to break through the skin. This technique has recently also been applied to blood release, aiming to collect samples from capillaries in the skin without needing a lancet prick. This work provides new information about the wound geometry and tissue disruption caused by shallow jet injection with circular shaped and slot shaped jets. METHODS We use histological analysis to compare the disruption of tissue, including blood vessels, caused by lancet-pricking and jet injection with a circular shaped jet and a lancet-inspired slot shaped jet. RESULTS Intradermal injection into porcine skin using a slot shaped jet disrupted more vascular endothelium in the tissue than a circular shaped jet and did so at a smaller penetration depth with smaller wound volume. Our results suggest that shallow jet injections may have the potential to release more capillary blood than a lancet prick. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that a reversible jet injector might be used in diabetes management as a device to release and collect blood samples, in addition to being used to deliver insulin. SIGNIFICANCE Tissue disruption is crucial to consider when using jet injection to deliver drug and release capillary blood.
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Gao Q, Henley A, Noël G, Der Khatchadourian Z, Taqi D, Abusamak M, He Z, Grœn S, Taher R, Menassa K, Velly A, Emami E, Mongeau L, Tamimi F. Needle-free Mental Incisive Nerve Block:In vitro, Cadaveric, and Pilot Clinical Studies. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121197. [PMID: 34666143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to optimize Needle-Free Liquid Jet Injection (NFLJI) for Mental Incisive Nerve Blocks (MINB) and evaluate its clinical safety and feasibility. A MINB protocol was developed and optimized by series of NFLJI experiments in soft tissue phantoms and cadavers, then validated in two pilot Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT). The NFLJI penetration depth was found to be directly proportional to the supply pressure and volume. High-pressure NFLJIs (620 kPa or above) created maximum force and total work significantly greater than needle injections. Low-pressure NFLJIs (413 kPa), however, produced results similar to those of needle injections. Additionally, high-pressure NFLJIs created jet impingement pressure and maximum jet penetration pressure higher than low-pressure NFLJIs. Pilot RCTs revealed that high-pressure NFLJI caused a high risk of discomfort (60%) and paresthesia (20%); meanwhile, low-pressure NFLJI was less likely to cause complications (0%). The preliminary success rates of MINB from cadavers using NFLJIs and needles were 83.3% and 87.5%. In comparison, those from RCTs are 60% and 70%, respectively. To conclude, NFLJI supply pressure can be adjusted to achieve effective MINB with minimal complications. Furthermore, the cadaver study and pilot RCTs confirmed the feasibility for further non-inferiority RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiman Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anna Henley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Geoffroy Noël
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Doaa Taqi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Zixin He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Swen Grœn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rani Taher
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Karim Menassa
- Medical International Technology Canada Inc, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ana Velly
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Lady Davis Institute, Department of Dentistry, SMBD, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elham Emami
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Byrne J, Huang HW, McRae JC, Babaee S, Soltani A, Becker SL, Traverso G. Devices for drug delivery in the gastrointestinal tract: A review of systems physically interacting with the mucosa for enhanced delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113926. [PMID: 34403749 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of macromolecules via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract remains a significant challenge. A variety of technologies using physical modes of drug delivery have been developed and investigated to overcome the epithelial cell layer of the GI tract for local and systemic delivery. These technologies include direct injection, jetting, ultrasound, and iontophoresis, which have been largely adapted from transdermal drug delivery. Direct injection of agents using needles through endoscopy has been used clinically for over a century. Jetting, a needle-less method of drug delivery where a high-speed stream of fluid medication penetrates tissue, has been evaluated pre-clinically for delivery of agents into the buccal mucosa. Ultrasound has been shown to be beneficial in enhancing delivery of macromolecules, including nucleic acids, in pre-clinical animal models. The application of an electric field gradient to drive drugs into tissues through the technique of iontophoresis has been shown to deliver highly toxic chemotherapies into GI tissues. Here in, we provide an in-depth overview of these physical modes of drug delivery in the GI tract and their clinical and preclinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Byrne
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
| | - Hen-Wei Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - James C McRae
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sahab Babaee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amin Soltani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sarah L Becker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Dalmau A, Sánchez-Matamoros A, Molina JM, Xercavins A, Varvaró-Porter A, Muñoz I, Moles X, Baulida B, Fàbrega E, Velarde A, Pallisera J, Puigredon A, Contreras-Jodar A. Intramuscular vs. Intradermic Needle-Free Vaccination in Piglets: Relevance for Animal Welfare Based on an Aversion Learning Test and Vocalizations. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:715260. [PMID: 34458358 PMCID: PMC8385536 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.715260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare intramuscular injection with a needle and intradermic needle-free vaccinations against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in piglets at 28 days old by studying behavioral and physiological reactions. A total of 72 piglets divided into 2 sex-balanced batches were assessed. Within each batch, the piglets were divided into three treatments, which were Hipradermic (0.2 ml of UNISTRAIN® PRRS vaccine administered with an intradermic needle-free device), Intramuscular (IM, 2.0 ml of vaccine), and Control (not vaccinated). Before the vaccination, the piglets were trained to cross a 4-m-long raceway to perform an aversion learning test. The day of vaccination, the time taken to cross the raceway was registered for each piglet at different times: prior to the vaccination and 10 min, 2, 24, 48, and 72 h after the vaccination, to measure variations in these times as signs of aversion to the vaccination process. Vocalizations, as potential signs of pain, were recorded as well at the end of this raceway to analyze their frequency (Hz), duration, and level of pressure (dB) at the moment of vaccination. Salivary cortisol, as a sign of the HPA-axis activity, was assessed 10 min after the vaccination. In addition, activity budgets, local reaction to the vaccine, and serological titer were also considered in the study. Ten minutes after the vaccination, the IM piglets took longer (p < 0.001) to cross the raceway than did the Hipradermic and Control piglets. Vocalizations were significantly different between the three treatments: the Control piglets produced vocalizations with the lowest frequency (p < 0.001) and level of pressure (p < 0.001), and IM with the highest, with Hipradermic in a significant intermediate position (p < 0.001). Accordingly, the day of the vaccination, IM and Hipradermic animals were lying on the side of the vaccine administration a greater proportion of time than were the Control piglets (10, 11, and 6%, respectively; p = 0.027). Salivary cortisol was not significantly different between treatments. The serum titer of antibodies against the PRRS was higher (p < 0.001) in both vaccinated treatments in comparison to the Control piglets. It is concluded that the Hipradermic needle-free vaccination may result in a less aversive experience in piglets than did intramuscular vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Dalmau
- Animal Welfare Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Aida Xercavins
- Animal Welfare Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Israel Muñoz
- Animal Welfare Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xènia Moles
- Animal Welfare Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Baulida
- Animal Welfare Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Fàbrega
- Animal Welfare Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Velarde
- Animal Welfare Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Pallisera
- Animal Welfare Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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Miyazaki Y, Usawa M, Kawai S, Yee J, Muto M, Tagawa Y. Dynamic mechanical interaction between injection liquid and human tissue simulant induced by needle-free injection of a highly focused microjet. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14544. [PMID: 34267280 PMCID: PMC8282861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the fluid-tissue interaction of needle-free injection by evaluating the dynamics of the cavity induced in body-tissue simulant and the resulting unsteady mechanical stress field. Temporal evolution of cavity shape, stress intensity field, and stress vector field during the injection of a conventional injection needle, a proposed highly focused microjet (tip diameter much smaller than capillary nozzle), and a typical non-focused microjet in gelatin were measured using a state-of-the-art high-speed polarization camera, at a frame rate up to 25,000 f.p.s. During the needle injection performed by an experienced nurse, high stress intensity lasted for an order of seconds (from beginning of needle penetration until end of withdrawal), which is much longer than the order of milliseconds during needle-free injections, causing more damage to the body tissue. The cavity induced by focused microjet resembled a funnel which had a narrow tip that penetrated deep into tissue simulant, exerting shear stress in low intensity which diffused through shear stress wave. Whereas the cavity induced by non-focused microjet rebounded elastically (quickly expanded into a sphere and shrank into a small cavity which remained), exerting compressive stress on tissue simulant in high stress intensity. By comparing the distribution of stress intensity, tip shape of the focused microjet contributed to a better performance than non-focused microjet with its ability to penetrate deep while only inducing stress at lower intensity. Dynamic mechanical interaction revealed in this research uncovered the importance of the jet shape for the development of minimally invasive medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Miyazaki
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Masashi Usawa
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Shuma Kawai
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Jingzu Yee
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Masakazu Muto
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tagawa
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Japan.
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Rane YS, Marston JO. Transient modelling of impact driven needle-free injectors. Comput Biol Med 2021; 135:104586. [PMID: 34242869 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Needle-free jet injectors (NFJIs) are one of the alternatives to hypodermic needles for transdermal drug delivery. These devices use a high-velocity jet stream to puncture the skin and deposit drugs in subcutaneous tissue. NFJIs typically exhibit two phases of jet injection - namely - an initial peak-pressure phase (< 5 ms), followed by a constant jet speed injection phase (≳ 5 ms). In NFJIs, jet velocity and jet diameter are tailored to achieve the required penetration depth for a particular target tissue (e.g., intradermal, intramuscular, etc.). Jet diameter and jet velocity, together with the injectant volume, guide the design of the NFJI cartridge and thus the required driving pressure. For device manufacturers, it is important to rapidly and accurately estimate the cartridge pressure and jet velocities to ensure devices can achieve the correct operational conditions and reach the target tissue. And thus, we seek to understand how cartridge design and fluid properties affect the jet velocity and pressure profiles in this process. Starting with experimental plunger displacement data, transient numerical simulations were performed to study the jet velocity profile and stagnation pressure profile. We observe that fluid viscosity and cartridge-plunger friction are the two most important considerations in tailoring the cartridge geometry to achieve a given jet velocity. Using empirical correlations for the pressure loss for a given cartridge geometry, we extend the applicability of an existing mathematical approach to accurately predict the jet hydrodynamics. By studying a range of cartridge geometries such as asymmetric sigmoid contractions, we see that the power of actuation sources and nozzle geometry can be tailored to deliver drugs with different fluid viscosities to the intradermal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatish S Rane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Jeremy O Marston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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Novel Techniques to Improve Precise Cell Injection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126367. [PMID: 34198683 PMCID: PMC8232276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We noted recently that the injection of cells with a needle through a cystoscope in the urethral sphincter muscle of pigs failed to deposit them nearby or at the intended target position in about 50% of all animals investigated (n > 100). Increasing the chance for precise cell injection by shotgun approaches employing several circumferential injections into the sphincter muscle bears the risk of tissue injury. In this study, we developed and tested a novel needle-free technique to precisely inject cells in the urethral sphincter tissue, or other tissues, using a water-jet system. This system was designed to fit in the working channels of endoscopes and cystoscopes, allowing a wide range of minimally invasive applications. We analyze key features, including the physical parameters of the injector design, pressure ranges applicable for tissue penetration and cell injections and biochemical parameters, such as different compositions of injection media. Our results present settings that enable the high viability of cells post-injection. Lastly, the method is suitable to inject cells in the superficial tissue layer and in deeper layers, required when the submucosa or the sphincter muscle of the urethra is targeted.
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Needle-free injection: Dental infiltration anesthesia. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120765. [PMID: 34087413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop an optimal Needle-Free Liquid Jet Injection (NFLJI) technique for dental infiltration anesthesia and evaluate its clinical safety and feasibility. The fluid dynamics of NFLJI in the dentoalveolar region were investigated using soft tissue phantoms supported by rigid glass. NFLJIs were performed at different incident angles and recorded using a high-speed camera. Accordingly, an optimal NFLJI for infiltration anesthesia was developed and validated on cadavers, then assessed in two pilot Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT): one for validating the safety of optimal NFLJI technique, the other for evaluating its feasibility and safety. High-speed videos showed that perpendicular NFLJIs induced significantly more regurgitation than oblique NFLJIs, which was confirmed in cadavers. Clinical trials revealed that perpendicular NFLJIs induced a high risk of bleeding (83.3%) and laceration (83.3%), whereas oblique NFLJIs induced a low risk of bleeding (33.3%) and laceration (16.7%). Moreover, the preliminary success rates of oblique NFLJIs and needle injections were both 83.3%. The recruitment took 3-5 weeks with a rate of 100%. Oblique NFLJIs could be a promising approach for dental infiltration anesthesia, causing minimal drug regurgitation with a relatively low risk of complication. The pilot RCTs confirmed the feasibility for conducting a non-inferiority RCT.
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Rane YS, Thomas JB, Fisher P, Broderick KE, Marston JO. Feasibility of using negative pressure for jet injection applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ham H, Yoh JJ. A liquid breakdown driven non-invasive microjet injection system. Med Eng Phys 2021; 92:54-63. [PMID: 34167712 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a microjet having fully skin-penetrable jet speed, moderately small volume, and highly repeatable injection, and eventually providing a device with medical efficacy for less tissue destruction and pain. The injector allows a small volume of drug stream (0.1-1.7 µL) to flow out at a frequency of ~16 Hz, and employs two different sources of energy, namely electrical and optical, which are converted into kinetic energy of the penetrating drug solution using liquid breakdown (dielectric or laser-induced). The medical efficacy of the microjet injection was evaluated through ex-vivo and in-vivo procedures in a mouse model. Both sources of liquid breakdown generate a skin-penetrable jet speed of 200-330 m/s. These fast and repetitive jets in a small volume pass through the epidermis to exert their efficacy. The driving pressure provided by dielectric breakdown showed an extensive increase per input energy increase, which is deemed appropriate for deep skin penetration. In contrast, the laser-induced breakdown exhibited a saturation in jet speed with increasing input energy, which is indicative of a low energy conversion efficiency. The results are promising for medical procedures that require uniform drug injection over a large area, and small dosage control during intradermal procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwichan Ham
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jack J Yoh
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Krizek J, Lavickova B, Moser C. Degradation study on molecules released from laser-based jet injector. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120664. [PMID: 33933639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of needle-free methods to administer injectable therapeutics has been researched for a few decades. We focused our attention on a laser-based jet injection technique where the liquid-jet actuation mechanism is based on optical cavitation. This study investigates the potential damage to therapeutic molecules which are exposed to nanosecond laser pulses in the configuration of a compact laser-based jet injection device. Implementation of a pulsed laser source at 1574 nm wavelength allowed us to generate jets from pure water solutions and circumvent the need to reformulate therapeutics with absorbing dyes. We performed H1-NMR analysis on exposed samples of Lidocaine and δ-Aminolevulinic acid. We made several tests with linear and plasmid DNA to assess the structural integrity and functional potency after ejection with our device. The tests showed no significant degradation or detectable side products, which is promising for further development and eventually clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krizek
- School of Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Barbora Lavickova
- School of Engineering, Laboratory of Biological Network Characterisation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Moser
- School of Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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