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Wang M, Chen G, Hu B, Zhang F, Xu Q, Li L, Xi Q, Liu J, Yu Z, Cao P, Wang Y, Yu M. Electrically activated polymetallic nanocrystals for long-term tumor suppression via oxygen-independent ROS generation and electro-immunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 370:677-690. [PMID: 38740093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The low oxidation level and immunosuppressive microenvironment within hypoxic tumor tissue are critical factors contributing to the inefficacy of various anti-tumor strategies. Herein, we have designed a novel intravenous injection nanoplatform to conduct electro-immunotherapy, based on phospholipid-modified PtPd nanocrystals loaded with the immunoregulator IPI549 (LP@Pt-Pd@IPI549 nanoparticles, LPPI). LPPI responds to reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering a cascade of therapeutic effects that overcome hypoxia-related resistance and effectively eradicate hypoxic tumors. Firstly, under electric field exposure, LPPI relied on water rather than oxygen to generate abundant ROS under hypoxic conditions for tumor electrodynamic therapy (EDT). Moreover, the generated ROS further induced the disintegration of the outer phospholipid membrane of LPPI, leading to the release of the immunoregulator and inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), triggering cascade immune responses. Additionally, the immunomodulatory effects of IPI549, in synergy with the immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by EDT, reversed the immunosuppressive microenvironment contributing to tumor resistance. In summary, EDT transiently killed tumor cells while simultaneously generating antigen release, instigating an adaptive immune response for electro-immunotherapy, resulting in a potent and long-lasting tumor inhibition effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manchun Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Gui Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan people's hospital), Dongguan 523018, China
| | - Ben Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Li
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Qiye Xi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan people's hospital), Dongguan 523018, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, China.
| | - Yongxia Wang
- Breast Department, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523018, China.
| | - Meng Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
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2
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Rapp PB, Baccile JA, Galimidi RP, Vielmetter J. Engineering Antigen-Specific Tolerance to an Artificial Protein Hydrogel. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2188-2199. [PMID: 38479351 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Artificial protein hydrogels are an emerging class of biomaterials with numerous prospective applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These materials are likely to be immunogenic due to their frequent incorporation of novel amino acid sequence domains, which often serve a functional role within the material itself. We engineered injectable "self" and "nonself" artificial protein hydrogels, which were predicted to have divergent immune outcomes in vivo on the basis of their primary amino acid sequence. Following implantation in mouse, the nonself gels raised significantly higher antigel antibody titers than the corresponding self gels. Prophylactic administration of a fusion antibody targeting the nonself hydrogel epitopes to DEC-205, an endocytic receptor involved in Treg induction, fully suppressed the elevated antibody titer against the nonself gels. These results suggest that the clinical immune response to artificial protein biomaterials, including those that contain highly antigenic sequence domains, can be tuned through the induction of antigen-specific tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Rapp
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Joshua A Baccile
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Rachel P Galimidi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jost Vielmetter
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Yang JL, Yamada-Hunter SA, Labanieh L, Sotillo E, Cheah JS, Roberts DS, Mackall CL, Bertozzi CR, Ting AY. Directed evolution of genetically encoded LYTACs for cell-mediated delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320053121. [PMID: 38513100 PMCID: PMC10990137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320053121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs) are a promising therapeutic modality to drive the degradation of extracellular proteins. However, early versions of LYTAC contain synthetic glycopeptides that cannot be genetically encoded. Here, we present our designs for a fully genetically encodable LYTAC (GELYTAC), making our tool compatible with integration into therapeutic cells for targeted delivery at diseased sites. To achieve this, we replaced the glycopeptide portion of LYTACs with the protein insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2). After showing initial efficacy with wild-type IGF2, we increased the potency of GELYTAC using directed evolution. Subsequently, we demonstrated that our engineered GELYTAC construct not only secretes from HEK293T cells but also from human primary T-cells to drive the uptake of various targets into receiver cells. Immune cells engineered to secrete GELYTAC thus represent a promising avenue for spatially selective targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lee Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Sean A. Yamada-Hunter
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Louai Labanieh
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA94305
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Joleen S. Cheah
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Crystal L. Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA94305
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
| | - Alice Y. Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94158
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4
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Kim ES, Choi S, Choe BH, Park S, Lee YJ, Sohn SJ, Kim SC, Kang KS, Lee K, Shim JO, Kim YB, Hong SJ, Lee YM, Kim HJ, Choi SY, Kim JY, Lee Y, Park JS, Kim JY, Yi DY, Lee JH, Choi KH, Jang HJ, Jeong IS, Kang B. Comparison of endoscopic healing and durability between infliximab originator and CT-P13 in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1284181. [PMID: 38455036 PMCID: PMC10917915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1284181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Favourable clinical data were published on the efficacy of CT-P13, the first biosimilar of infliximab (IFX), in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, few studies have compared the effect on endoscopic healing (EH) and drug retention rate between the IFX originator and CT-P13. Therefore, we aimed to compare EH and the drug retention rate between the IFX originator and CT-P13. Methods Children with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)/IBD-unclassified (IBD-U) at 22 medical centers were enrolled, with a retrospective review conducted at 1-year and last follow-up. Clinical remission, EH and drug retention rate were evaluated. Results We studied 416 pediatric patients with IBD: 77.4% had CD and 22.6% had UC/IBD-U. Among them, 255 (61.3%) received the IFX originator and 161 (38.7%) received CT-P13. No statistically significant differences were found between the IFX originator and CT-P13 in terms of corticosteroid-free remission and adverse events. At 1-year follow-up, EH rates were comparable between them (CD: P=0.902, UC: P=0.860). The estimated cumulative cessation rates were not significantly different between the two groups. In patients with CD, the drug retention rates were 66.1% in the IFX originator and 71.6% in the CT-P13 group at the maximum follow-up period (P >0.05). In patients with UC, the drug retention rates were 49.8% in the IFX originator and 56.3% in the CT-P13 group at the maximum follow-up period (P >0.05). Conclusions The IFX originator and CT-P13 demonstrated comparable therapeutic response including EH, clinical remission, drug retention rate and safety in pediatric IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sil Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Crohn’s and Colitis Association in Daegu-Gyeongbuk (CCAiD), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Crohn’s and Colitis Association in Daegu-Gyeongbuk (CCAiD), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sowon Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun Joo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Chul Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunsong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jin Hong
- Crohn’s and Colitis Association in Daegu-Gyeongbuk (CCAiD), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Min Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Medical Center Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hae Choi
- Crohn’s and Colitis Association in Daegu-Gyeongbuk (CCAiD), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeungnam University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Jang
- Crohn’s and Colitis Association in Daegu-Gyeongbuk (CCAiD), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sook Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University, Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ben Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Crohn’s and Colitis Association in Daegu-Gyeongbuk (CCAiD), Daegu, Republic of Korea
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5
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An M, Raguram A, Du SW, Banskota S, Davis JR, Newby GA, Chen PZ, Palczewski K, Liu DR. Engineered virus-like particles for transient delivery of prime editor ribonucleoprotein complexes in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-023-02078-y. [PMID: 38191664 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-02078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Prime editing enables precise installation of genomic substitutions, insertions and deletions in living systems. Efficient in vitro and in vivo delivery of prime editing components, however, remains a challenge. Here we report prime editor engineered virus-like particles (PE-eVLPs) that deliver prime editor proteins, prime editing guide RNAs and nicking single guide RNAs as transient ribonucleoprotein complexes. We systematically engineered v3 and v3b PE-eVLPs with 65- to 170-fold higher editing efficiency in human cells compared to a PE-eVLP construct based on our previously reported base editor eVLP architecture. In two mouse models of genetic blindness, single injections of v3 PE-eVLPs resulted in therapeutically relevant levels of prime editing in the retina, protein expression restoration and partial visual function rescue. Optimized PE-eVLPs support transient in vivo delivery of prime editor ribonucleoproteins, enhancing the potential safety of prime editing by reducing off-target editing and obviating the possibility of oncogenic transgene integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirui An
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aditya Raguram
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuel W Du
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Samagya Banskota
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessie R Davis
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregory A Newby
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul Z Chen
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Suttichet TB, Chamnanphon M, Pongpanich M, Chokyakorn S, Kupatawintu P, Srichomthong C, Chetruengchai W, Chuntakaruk H, Rungrotmongkol T, Chariyavilaskul P, Shotelersuk V, Praditpornsilpa K. HLA-B*46:01:01:01 and HLA-DRB1*09:01:02:01 are associated with anti-rHuEPO-induced pure red cell aplasia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22759. [PMID: 38123661 PMCID: PMC10733298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) can be disrupted by a severe complication, anti-rHuEPO-induced pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). Specific HLA genotypes may have played a role in the high incidence of PRCA in Thai patients (1.7/1,000 patient years vs. 0.03/10,000 patient years in Caucasians). We conducted a case-control study in 157 CKD patients with anti-rHuEPO-induced PRCA and 56 controls. The HLA typing was determined by sequencing using a highly accurate multiplex single-molecule, real-time, long-read sequencing platform. Four analytical models were deployed: Model 1 (additive: accounts for the number of alleles), Model 2 (dominant: accounts for only the presence or absence of alleles), Model 3 (adjusted additive with rHuEPO types) and Model 4 (adjusted dominant with rHuEPO types). HLA-B*46:01:01:01 and DRB1*09:01:02:01 were found to be independent risk markers for anti-rHuEPO-induced PRCA in all models [OR (95%CI), p-values for B*46:01:01:01: 4.58 (1.55-13.51), 0.006; 4.63 (1.56-13.75), 0.006; 5.72 (1.67-19.67), 0.006; and 5.81 (1.68-20.09), 0.005; for DRB1*09:01:02:01: 3.99 (1.28-12.49), 0.017, 4.50 (1.32-15.40), 0.016, 3.42 (1.09-10.74), 0.035, and 3.75 (1.08-13.07), 0.038, in Models 1-4, respectively. HLA-B*46:01:01:01 and DRB1*09:01:02:01 are susceptible alleles for anti-rHuEPO-induced PRCA. These findings support the role of HLA genotyping in helping to monitor patients receiving rHuEPO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitima Benjachat Suttichet
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monpat Chamnanphon
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monnat Pongpanich
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarun Chokyakorn
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chalurmpon Srichomthong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanna Chetruengchai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hathaichanok Chuntakaruk
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pajaree Chariyavilaskul
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kearkiat Praditpornsilpa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Sela T, Mansø M, Siegel M, Marban-Doran C, Ducret A, Niewöhner J, Ravn J, Martin RE, Sommer A, Lohmann S, Krippendorff BF, Ladefoged M, Indlekofer A, Quaiser T, Bueddefeld F, Koller E, Mohamed MY, Oelschlaegel T, Gothelf KV, Hofer K, Schumacher FF. Diligent Design Enables Antibody-ASO Conjugates with Optimal Pharmacokinetic Properties. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2096-2111. [PMID: 37916986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Antisense-oligonucleotides (ASOs) are a promising drug modality for the treatment of neurological disorders, but the currently established route of administration via intrathecal delivery is a major limitation to its broader clinical application. An attractive alternative is the conjugation of the ASO to an antibody that facilitates access to the central nervous system (CNS) after peripheral application and target engagement at the blood-brain barrier, followed by transcytosis. Here, we show that the diligent conjugate design of Brainshuttle-ASO conjugates is the key to generating promising delivery vehicles and thereby establishing design principles to create optimized molecules with drug-like properties. An innovative site-specific transglutaminase-based conjugation technology was chosen and optimized in a stepwise process to identify the best-suited conjugation site, tags, reaction conditions, and linker design. The overall conjugation performance was found to be specifically governed by the choice of buffer conditions and the structure of the linker. The combination of the peptide tags YRYRQ and RYESK was chosen, showing high conjugation fidelity. Elaborate conjugate analysis revealed that one leading differentiating factor was hydrophobicity. The increase of hydrophobicity by the ASO payload could be mitigated by the appropriate choice of conjugation site and the heavy chain position 297 proved to be the most optimal. Evaluating the properties of the linker suggested a short bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN) unit as best suited with regards to conjugation performance and potency. Promising in vitro activity and in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of optimized Brainshuttle-ASO conjugates, based on a microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) targeting oligonucleotide, suggest that such designs have the potential to serve as a blueprint for peripherally delivered ASO-based drugs for the CNS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Sela
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Mads Mansø
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Fremtidsvej 3, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Michel Siegel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Céline Marban-Doran
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Axel Ducret
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Jens Niewöhner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Jacob Ravn
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Fremtidsvej 3, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Rainer E Martin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Annika Sommer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Sabine Lohmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Ben-Fillippo Krippendorff
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Mette Ladefoged
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Fremtidsvej 3, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Annette Indlekofer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Tom Quaiser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Florian Bueddefeld
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Erich Koller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Central Denmark Region, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Hofer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Felix F Schumacher
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland
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8
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Yang JL, Yamada-Hunter SA, Labanieh L, Sotillo E, Cheah JS, Roberts DS, Mackall CL, Ting AY, Bertozzi CR. Directed Evolution of Genetically Encoded LYTACs for Cell-Mediated Delivery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567117. [PMID: 38014030 PMCID: PMC10680704 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs) are a promising therapeutic modality to drive the degradation of extracellular proteins. However, early versions of LYTAC contain synthetic glycopeptides that cannot be genetically encoded. Here we present our designs for a fully genetically encodable LYTAC (GELYTAC), making our tool compatible with integration into therapeutic cells for targeted delivery at diseased sites. To achieve this, we replaced the glycopeptide portion of LYTACs with the protein insulin like growth factor 2 (IGF2). After showing initial efficacy with wild type IGF2, we increased the potency of GELYTAC using directed evolution. Subsequently, we demonstrated that our engineered GELYTAC construct not only secretes from HEK293T cells but also from human primary T-cells to drive the uptake of various targets into receiver cells. Immune cells engineered to secrete GELYTAC thus represent a promising avenue for spatially-selective targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lee Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean A. Yamada-Hunter
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Louai Labanieh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joleen S. Cheah
- Departments of Biology, and Genetics Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David S. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Crystal L. Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alice Y. Ting
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Biology, and Genetics Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
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9
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Zürcher D, Caduff S, Aurand L, Capasso Palmiero U, Wuchner K, Arosio P. Comparison of the Protective Effect of Polysorbates, Poloxamer and Brij on Antibody Stability Against Different Interfaces. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2853-2862. [PMID: 37295604 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins and antibodies are exposed to a variety of interfaces during their lifecycle, which can compromise their stability. Formulations, including surfactants, must be carefully optimized to improve interfacial stability against all types of surfaces. Here we apply a nanoparticle-based approach to evaluate the instability of four antibody drugs against different solid-liquid interfaces characterized by different degrees of hydrophobicity. We considered a model hydrophobic material as well as cycloolefin-copolymer (COC) and cellulose, which represent some of the common solid-liquid interfaces encountered during drug production, storage, and delivery. We assess the protective effect of polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, Poloxamer 188 and Brij 35 in our assay and in a traditional agitation study. While all nonionic surfactants stabilize antibodies against the air-water interface, none of them can protect against hydrophilic charged cellulose. Polysorbates and Brij increase antibody stability in the presence of COC and the model hydrophobic interface, although to a lesser extent compared to the air-water interface, while Poloxamer 188 has a negligible stabilizing effect against these interfaces. These results highlight the challenge of fully protecting antibodies against all types of solid-liquid interfaces with traditional surfactants. In this context, our high-throughput nanoparticle-based approach can complement traditional shaking assays and assist in formulation design to ensure protein stability not only at air-water interfaces, but also at relevant solid-liquid interfaces encountered during the product lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Zürcher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Caduff
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Aurand
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Klaus Wuchner
- Janssen R&D, BTDS Analytical Development, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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10
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Ebrahimi SB, Hong X, Ludlow J, Doucet D, Thirumangalathu R. Studying Intermolecular Interactions in an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Through Chemical Screening and Computational Modeling. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2621-2628. [PMID: 37572780 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the selectivity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of drug payloads to yield highly targeted and potent therapeutics. Owing to the need to chemically modify residues for attachment of the payload and their more complex structure compared to either component alone, ADCs can present additional challenges related to stability of the final drug product. Here, we report for the first time the use of high-throughput experimental screens and computational techniques to tune the conformational and colloidal behavior of a monomethyl auristatin F-based ADC. The ADC, which exhibits high opalescence with strongly attractive protein-protein interactions, is transformed into a more stable structure by experimentally traversing a library of more than ∼100 formulations. A significant reduction in turbidity and increase in diffusion interaction parameter is observed by varying properties such as pH and ionic strength. Computational modeling rationalized these changes and pointed to the presence of attractive electrostatic interactions between ADC molecules facilitated by the drug payload and histidine residues. Taken together, the experimental and computational work presented provides a general roadmap of studies to perform during ADC development to find stable formulations, while the mechanistic learnings can be applied towards the design and stabilization of other IgG1-based ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha B Ebrahimi
- Drug Product Development, Steriles, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, United States.
| | - Xuan Hong
- Computational Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, United States
| | - James Ludlow
- Drug Product Development, Steriles, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, United States
| | - Dany Doucet
- Drug Product Development Packaging, Device and Design Solutions, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, United States
| | - Renuka Thirumangalathu
- Drug Product Development, Steriles, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, United States
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11
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Di Ianni A, Barbero L, Fraone T, Cowan K, Sirtori FR. Preclinical risk assessment strategy to mitigate the T-cell dependent immunogenicity of protein biotherapeutics: State of the art, challenges and future perspectives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115500. [PMID: 37311374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics hold a prominent role and have brought significant diversity in efficacious medicinal products. Not just monoclonal antibodies and different antibody formats (pegylated antigen-binding fragments, bispecifics, antibody-drug conjugates, single chain variable fragments, nanobodies, dia-, tria- and tetrabodies), but also purified blood products, growth factors, recombinant cytokines, enzyme replacement factors, fusion proteins are all good instances of therapeutic proteins that have been developed in the past decades and approved for their value in oncology, immune-oncology, and autoimmune diseases discovery programs. Although there was an ingrained belief that fully humanized proteins were expected to have limited immunogenicity, adverse effects associated with immune responses to biological therapies raised some concern in biotech companies. Consequently, drug developers are designing strategies to assess potential immune responses to protein therapeutics during both the preclinical and clinical phases of development. Despite the many factors that can contribute to protein immunogenicity, T cell- (thymus-) dependent (Td) immunogenicity seems to play a crucial role in the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) to biologics. A broad range of methodologies to predict and rationally assess Td immune responses to protein drugs has been developed. This review aims to briefly summarize the preclinical immunogenicity risk assessment strategy to mitigate the risk of potential immunogenic candidates coming towards clinical phases, discussing the advantages and limitations of these technologies, and suggesting a rational approach for assessing and mitigating Td immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Ianni
- University of Turin, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; NBE-DMPK Innovative BioAnalytics, Merck Serono RBM S.p.A., an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Ribes 1, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
| | - Luca Barbero
- NBE-DMPK Innovative BioAnalytics, Merck Serono RBM S.p.A., an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Ribes 1, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
| | - Tiziana Fraone
- NBE-DMPK Innovative BioAnalytics, Merck Serono RBM S.p.A., an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Ribes 1, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy
| | - Kyra Cowan
- New Biological Entities, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (NBE-DMPK), Research and Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurterstrasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Federico Riccardi Sirtori
- NBE-DMPK Innovative BioAnalytics, Merck Serono RBM S.p.A., an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Ribes 1, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa (TO), Italy.
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12
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Ghasemian K, Broer I, Schön J, Kolp N, Killisch R, Mikkat S, Huckauf J. Immunogenicity and contraceptive efficacy of plant-produced putative mouse-specific contraceptive peptides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1191640. [PMID: 37448868 PMCID: PMC10337994 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1191640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Rodent population control through contraception requires species-specific oral contraceptive vaccines. Therefore, in this study, we produced putative mouse-specific contraceptive peptides, mZP2 (from oocyte) and mIzumo1 (from sperm), in plants using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. Peptides were produced separately in Nicotiana benthamiana using constructs encoding antigens containing three copies of each peptide. We also determined the immunogenicity and contraceptive effects of the plant-produced antigens in female BALB/c mice. Mice immunized subcutaneously with a relatively low amount of antigen (5 µg/dose of each peptide in a mixture) showed systemic immune responses against mZP2-3 and mIzumo1-3 antigens. Moreover, the mean litter size of mice treated with the plant-produced antigens was reduced by 39% compared to that of the control mice. Notably, there was a significant negative correlation between the number of pups born and individual antibody levels against both antigens. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated the binding of induced antibodies to the oocytes of BALB/c and wild-type mice in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Our study demonstrate the feasibility of producing small contraceptive peptides in plants that can be further used to develop oral contraceptive vaccines against mouse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Ghasemian
- Department of Agrobiotechnology and Risk Assessment for Bio and Gene Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Inge Broer
- Department of Agrobiotechnology and Risk Assessment for Bio and Gene Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schön
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Kolp
- BIOSERV, Analytik und Medizinprodukte GmbH, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Mikkat
- Core Facility Proteome Analysis, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jana Huckauf
- Department of Agrobiotechnology and Risk Assessment for Bio and Gene Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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13
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Bradu P, Biswas A, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, El Allali A, Alsamman AM, Zayed H, George Priya Doss C. Evolving strategies and application of proteins and peptide therapeutics in cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114832. [PMID: 37150032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several proteins and peptides have therapeutic potential and can be used for cancer therapy. By binding to cell surface receptors and other indicators uniquely linked with or overexpressed on tumors compared to healthy tissue, protein biologics enhance the active targeting of cancer cells, as opposed to the passive targeting of cells by conventional small-molecule chemotherapeutics. This study focuses on peptide medications that exist to slow or stop tumor growth and the spread of cancer, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of peptides in cancer treatment. As an alternative to standard chemotherapy, peptides that selectively kill cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue are developing. A mountain of clinical evidence supports the efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Since a single treatment technique may not be sufficient to produce favourable results in the fight against cancer, combination therapy is emerging as an effective option to generate synergistic benefits. One example of this new area is the use of anticancer peptides in combination with nonpeptidic cytotoxic drugs or the combination of immunotherapy with conventional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy. This review focuses on the different natural and synthetic peptides obtained and researched. Discoveries, manufacture, and modifications of peptide drugs, as well as their contemporary applications, are summarized in this review. We also discuss the benefits and difficulties of potential advances in therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Pragya Bradu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Antara Biswas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Achraf El Allali
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Alsamman M Alsamman
- Department of Genome Mapping, Molecular Genetics, and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Shao H, Tao Y, Tang C. Factors influencing bioequivalence evaluation of insulin biosimilars based on a structural equation model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1143928. [PMID: 37077814 PMCID: PMC10106704 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1143928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the factors affecting the bioequivalence of test and reference insulin preparations so as to provide a scientific basis for the consistency evaluation of the quality and efficacy of insulin biosimilars.Methods: A randomized, open, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover design was used in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into TR or RT groups in equal proportion. The glucose infusion rate and blood glucose were measured by a 24-h glucose clamp test to evaluate the pharmacodynamic parameters of the preparation. The plasma insulin concentration was determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters. WinNonlin 8.1 and SPSS 23.0 were applied for PK/PD parameter calculation and statistical analysis. The structural equation model (SEM) was constructed to analyze the influencing factors of bioequivalence by using Amos 24.0.Results: A total of 177 healthy male subjects aged 18–45 years were analyzed. Subjects were assigned to the equivalent group (N = 55) and the non-equivalent group (N = 122) by bioequivalence results, according to the EMA guideline. Univariate analysis showed statistical differences in albumin, creatinine, Tmax, bioactive substance content, and adverse events between the two groups. In the structural equation model, adverse events (β = 0.342; p < 0.001) and bioactive substance content (β = −0.189; p = 0.007) had significant impacts on the bioequivalence of two preparations, and the bioactive substance content significantly affected adverse events (β = 0.200; p = 0.007).Conclusion: A multivariate statistical model was used to explore the influencing factors for the bioequivalence of two preparations. According to the result of the structural equation model, we proposed that adverse events and bioactive substance content should be optimized for consistency evaluation of the quality and efficacy of insulin biosimilars. Furthermore, bioequivalence trials of insulin biosimilars should strictly obey inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the consistency of subjects and avoid confounding factors affecting the equivalence evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarui Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Tao, ; Chengyong Tang,
| | - Chengyong Tang
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Tao, ; Chengyong Tang,
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15
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Heljo P, Ahmadi M, Schack MMH, Cunningham R, Manin A, Nielsen PF, Tian X, Fogg M, Bunce C, Baunsgaard D, Jiskoot W. Impact of Stress on the Immunogenic Potential of Adalimumab. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1000-1010. [PMID: 36642375 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) are widely used for treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, despite the inhibitory effect this class of drugs has on the immune system, anti-drug antibodies are often formed with continuous use. Particles formed during stress conditions, which can be used to simulate storage and handling conditions of commercial antibodies, have previously been associated with the formation of anti-drug antibodies. This study investigates the relationship between particles, oligomerization, folding and chemical degradation on the in vitro cytokine response toward the TNFα inhibitor adalimumab. Adalimumab aggregates generated using stir and heat stress were fractionated into distinct sub-populations, and their structure and immunogenic potential were evaluated. A chemically degraded sample of adalimumab was included to compare particle composition with the milder accelerated heat and stir stressed conditions. Particles from stressed adalimumab samples induced elevated cytokine levels and CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro compared to non-stressed samples. Samples enriched with both submicron and subvisible particles of adalimumab induced the strongest cytokine release and the strongest CD4+ T cell proliferation despite maintaining some TNFα inhibitory functionality. Samples that were stressed and subsequently purified of subvisible and submicron particles did not elicit a significantly higher cytokine response or show increased CD4+ T cell proliferation compared to a non-stressed sample. Oxidation-induced chemical modifications in adalimumab, mainly in Met, His, Trp, and Tyr, were not found to be sufficient in absence of particle formation to induce increased CD4+ T cell proliferation or cytokine release despite less decreased TNFα inhibitory activity of adalimumab. These observations provide further evidence that particles do indeed potentiate the immunogenic potential of adalimumab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Ahmadi
- Abzena, Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Anaïs Manin
- Abzena, Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mark Fogg
- Abzena, Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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16
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Kopp MRG, Grigolato F, Zürcher D, Das TK, Chou D, Wuchner K, Arosio P. Surface-Induced Protein Aggregation and Particle Formation in Biologics: Current Understanding of Mechanisms, Detection and Mitigation Strategies. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:377-385. [PMID: 36223809 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein stability against aggregation is a major quality concern for the production of safe and effective biopharmaceuticals. Amongst the different drivers of protein aggregation, increasing evidence indicates that interactions between proteins and interfaces represent a major risk factor for the formation of protein aggregates in aqueous solutions. Potentially harmful surfaces relevant to biologics manufacturing and storage include air-water and silicone oil-water interfaces as well as materials from different processing units, storage containers, and delivery devices. The impact of some of these surfaces, for instance originating from impurities, can be difficult to predict and control. Moreover, aggregate formation may additionally be complicated by the simultaneous presence of interfacial, hydrodynamic and mechanical stresses, whose contributions may be difficult to deconvolute. As a consequence, it remains difficult to identify the key chemical and physical determinants and define appropriate analytical methods to monitor and predict protein instability at these interfaces. In this review, we first discuss the main mechanisms of surface-induced protein aggregation. We then review the types of contact materials identified as potentially harmful or detected as potential triggers of proteinaceous particle formation in formulations and discuss proposed mitigation strategies. Finally, we present current methods to probe surface-induced instabilities, which represent a starting point towards assays that can be implemented in early-stage screening and formulation development of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie R G Kopp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Grigolato
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Zürcher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Baniahmad SF, Oliverio R, Obregon-Gomez I, Robert A, Lenferink AEG, Pazos E, Virgilio N, Banquy X, De Crescenzo G, Durocher Y. Affinity-controlled capture and release of engineered monoclonal antibodies by macroporous dextran hydrogels using coiled-coil interactions. MAbs 2023; 15:2218951. [PMID: 37300397 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2218951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term delivery is a successful strategy used to reduce the adverse effects of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based treatments. Macroporous hydrogels and affinity-based strategies have shown promising results in sustained and localized delivery of the mAbs. Among the potential tools for affinity-based delivery systems, the de novo designed Ecoil and Kcoil peptides are engineered to form a high-affinity, heterodimeric coiled-coil complex under physiological conditions. In this study, we created a set of trastuzumab molecules tagged with various Ecoil peptides and evaluated their manufacturability and characteristics. Our data show that addition of an Ecoil tag at the C-termini of the antibody chains (light chains, heavy chains, or both) does not hinder the production of chimeric trastuzumab in CHO cells or affect antibody binding to its antigen. We also evaluated the influence of the number, length, and position of the Ecoil tags on the capture and release of Ecoil-tagged trastuzumab from macroporous dextran hydrogels functionalized with Kcoil peptide (the Ecoil peptide-binding partner). Notably, our data show that antibodies are released from the macroporous hydrogels in a biphasic manner; the first phase corresponding to the rapid release of residual, unbound trastuzumab from the macropores, followed by the affinity-controlled, slow-rate release of antibodies from the Kcoil-functionalized macropore surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Farzad Baniahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Romane Oliverio
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Axe Formulation Et Analyse du Médicament, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ines Obregon-Gomez
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química E Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruna, Coruna, Spain
| | - Alma Robert
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne E G Lenferink
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elena Pazos
- CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química E Bioloxía and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruna, Coruna, Spain
| | - Nick Virgilio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre de Recherche Sur Les Systèmes Polymères Et Composites à Haute Performance (CREPEC), Montréal, Canada
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Axe Formulation Et Analyse du Médicament, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Building Montreal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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18
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Advancing Biologic Therapy for Refractory Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4979-5005. [PMID: 35147819 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biologic agents may satisfy an unmet clinical need for treatment of refractory autoimmune hepatitis. The goals of this review are to present the types and results of biologic therapy for refractory autoimmune hepatitis, indicate opportunities to improve and expand biologic treatment, and encourage comparative clinical trials. English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full-length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. Rituximab (monoclonal antibodies against CD20 on B cells), infliximab (monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-alpha), low-dose recombinant interleukin 2 (regulatory T cell promoter), and belimumab (monoclonal antibodies against B cell activating factor) have induced laboratory improvement in small cohorts with refractory autoimmune hepatitis. Ianalumab (monoclonal antibodies against the receptor for B cell activating factor) is in clinical trial. These agents target critical pathogenic pathways, but they may also have serious side effects. Blockade of the B cell activating factor or its receptors may disrupt pivotal B and T cell responses, and recombinant interleukin 2 complexed with certain interleukin 2 antibodies may selectively expand the regulatory T cell population. A proliferation-inducing ligand that enhances T cell proliferation and survival is an unevaluated, potentially pivotal, therapeutic target. Fully human antibodies, expanded target options, improved targeting precision, more effective delivery systems, and biosimilar agents promise to improve efficacy, safety, and accessibility. In conclusion, biologic agents target key pathogenic pathways in autoimmune hepatitis, and early experiences in refractory disease encourage clarification of the preferred target, rigorous clinical trial, and comparative evaluations.
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Lu T, Fu L, Qiu Y, Zhang J, Chen Z. Probing Molecular Interactions of Antibody Drugs, Silicone Oil, and Surfactant at Buried Interfaces In Situ. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14761-14768. [PMID: 36215703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drugs have been rapidly developed to cure many diseases including COVID-19 infection. Silicone oil is commonly used as a lubricant coating material for devices used in the pharmaceutical industry to store and administer antibody drug formulations. However, the interaction between silicone oil and antibody molecules could lead to the adsorption, denaturation, and aggregation of antibody molecules, impacting the efficacy of antibody drugs. Here, we studied the molecular interactions between antibodies and silicone oil in situ in real time. The effect of the surfactant on such interactions was also investigated. Specifically, the adsorption dynamics of a bispecific antibody (BsAb) onto a silicone oil surface without and with different concentrations of the surfactant PS80 in antibody solutions were monitored. Also the possible lowest effective PS80 concentrations that can prevent the adsorption of BsAb as well as a monoclonal antibody (mAb) onto silicone oil were measured. It was found that different concentrations of PS80 are required for preventing the adsorption of different antibodies. Both BsAB and mAB denature on silicone oil without a surfactant. However, for a low surfactant concentration in the solution, although the surfactant could not completely prevent the antibody from adsorption, it could maintain the native structures of adsorbed BsAb and mAb antibodies on silicone oil. This is important knowledge, showing that to prevent antibody aggregation on silicone oil it is not necessary to add surfactant to a concentration high enough to completely minimize protein adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieyi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Li Fu
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Yu Qiu
- Sanofi, 350 Water St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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20
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Switching from Adalimumab Originator to Biosimilar in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa Results in Losses of Response—Data from the German HS Registry HSBest. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101518. [PMID: 36294953 PMCID: PMC9605653 DOI: 10.3390/life12101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2021, adalimumab biosimilar ABP 501 can be used alternatively to adalimumab originator (ADAO) in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Effectiveness and safety data remain scarce. We investigated the impact of switching from ADAO to ABP 501 on disease severity and the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) in patients with HS. We analyzed clinical data on patients enrolled in the German HSBest registry. Evaluation outcomes were assessed at three time points (baseline of originator (t0), prior to switching to biosimilar (t1) and 12 to 14 weeks after switching (t2)) and included patient-reported AEs and disease severity using the International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System (IHS4) score. In total, 94 patients were switched from ADAO to ABP 501. Overall, 33.3% (n = 31/94) of the patients developed AEs and/or loss of response (LoR) within 12 to 14 weeks after switching. Of these, 61.3% (n = 19/31) experienced LoR but no AEs, 22.6% (n = 7/31) LoR combined with AEs and 16.1% (n = 5/31) AEs only. Our study showed that switching HS patients from ADAO to ABP 501 does significantly affect treatment effectiveness. Switching patients who are on remission maintenance therapy should be viewed critically.
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21
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Xu W, Maas B, Roadcap B, Swarup A, Steinmetz T, Luo L, Ichetovkin M, Wood S, Vazvaei-Smith F, Lee AWT, Vora K, Helmy R. Neutralization Activity of Anti-drug Antibodies Against a Biotherapeutic Can Be Predicted from a Comprehensive Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Anti-drug Antibody Data Analysis. AAPS J 2022; 24:102. [PMID: 36167856 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, a neutralization antibody (NAb) assay is considered critical in immunogenicity assessment of biologic therapeutics, even with low anti-drug antibody (ADA) positive rates. In 2019, FDA new guidelines issued on immunogenicity testing acknowledged the possibility of using "a highly sensitive PD marker or an appropriately designed PK assay or both that generate data that inform clinical activity" to replace a NAb assay. In the current manuscript, we present data for PK, PD, and ADA assays which collectively succeed to replace the standalone NAb assay. The data include a total LC/MS-based PK assay, a serum neutralization antibody (SNA) assay that essentially measures pharmacodynamically functional PK and can detect NAb activity in the presence of 1:1 ratio of drug, and a highly drug-tolerant ADA assay. In addition, a model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) demonstrated that the ability of SNA assay to detect NAb at 1:1 ratio of drug is sensitive enough to monitor clinically meaningful efficacy change, which is 50% reduction of SNA titer. Our strategy of preparing a holistic data package discussed here may provide a roadmap to the community for alternatives in assaying neutralizing activity of ADA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA. .,Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania, 19486, USA.
| | - Brian Maas
- Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brad Roadcap
- Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aparna Swarup
- Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas Steinmetz
- Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Linlin Luo
- Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Sandra Wood
- Global Regulatory Liaison, Vaccines and Infectious Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Kalpit Vora
- Biology Discovery, Infectious Disease/Vaccine, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Roy Helmy
- Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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22
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Liu Z, Gao Z, Yang W, Zhang L, Xiao N, Qu D, Su Z, Xu K, Liu G, Wang Y, Ren Q, Yu S, Cheng Y, Zhou Y, Deng Q, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yang H. A randomized, double-blind, single-dose, parallel phase I clinical trial to compare the bioequivalence, immunogenicity and safety of bevacizumab biosimilar and bevacizumab in healthy Chinese subjects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:519-527. [PMID: 35961948 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2113382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF, can be used as a target therapy for colorectal cancer. A phase I clinical trial was conducted to compare the bioequivalence, immunogenicity and safety of bevacizumab biosimilar (Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.) and Bevacizumab (Roche Diagnostics GmbH) in healthy Chinese males. RESEARCH DESIGN & METHOD Healthy Chinese subjects (N = 98) were randomly divided into two groups. A single-dose bevacizumab biosimilar or Bevacizumab was given for per cycle. Plasma drug concentrations were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MC/MS) assay. We detected the levels of anti-drug antibody (ADA) to evaluate drug immunogenicity and the safety of drugs throughout the study. RESULTS The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of AUC0-t, Cmax and AUC0-∞ for bevacizumab biosimilar and Bevacizumab were 96.27%, 93.69% and 97.01%, respectively. The 90% CIs were all within 80%-125%, meeting the bioequivalence standards. The levels of ADA were similar. In addition, the two drugs both demonstrated excellent safety in the trial. CONCLUSION This study showed that bevacizumab biosimilar and Bevacizumab had similar pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters and safety in healthy Chinese subjects. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Number: NCT05476341, date registered: 25, Jul 2022) and Drug Clinical Trial Registration and Information Disclosure Platform (Number: CTR20171308, date registered: 16, Nov 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhi Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenyue Gao
- Department of clinical research center, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lixiu Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of clinical research center, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Dongmei Qu
- Ansiterui Medical Technology Consulting Co.,Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Zhengjie Su
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Kaibo Xu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guangwen Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Ren
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yannan Zhou
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qiaohuan Deng
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Clinical Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Scientific Research Department, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haimiao Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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23
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Conner CG, McAndrew J, Menegatti S, Velev OD. An accelerated antibody aggregation test based on time sequenced dynamic light scattering. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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24
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Abstract
The development of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) is a major problem in several recombinant protein therapies used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The etiology of ADAs is multifaceted. The predisposition for a breakdown of immune tolerance is probably genetically determined, and many factors may contribute to the immunogenicity, including structural properties, formation of aggregates, and presence of contaminants and impurities from the industrial manufacturing process. ADAs may have a neutralizing capacity and can reduce or abrogate the bioactivity and therapeutic efficacy of the drug and cause safety issues. Interferon (IFN)-β was the first drug approved for the treatment of MS, and-although it is generally recognized that neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) appear and potentially have a negative effect on therapeutic efficacy-the use of routine measurements of NAbs and the interpretation of the presence of NAbs has been debated at length. NAbs appear after 9-18 months of therapy in up to 40% of patients treated with IFNβ, and the frequency and titers of NAbs depend on the IFNβ preparation. Although all pivotal clinical trials of approved IFNβ products in MS exhibited a detrimental effect of NAbs after prolonged therapy, some subsequent studies did not observe clinical effects from NAbs, which led to the claim that NAbs did not matter. However, it is now largely agreed that persistently high titers of NAbs indicate an abrogation of the biological response and, hence, an absence of therapeutic efficacy, and this observation should lead to a change of therapy. Low and medium titers are ambiguous, and treatment decisions should be guided by determination of in vivo messenger RNA myxovirus resistance protein A induction after IFNβ administration and clinical disease activity. During treatment with glatiramer acetate, ADAs occur frequently but do not appear to adversely affect treatment efficacy or result in adverse events. ADAs occur in approximately 5% of patients treated with natalizumab within 6 months of therapy, and persistent NAbs are associated with a lack of efficacy and acute infusion-related reactions and should instigate a change of therapy. When using the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies ocrelizumab and ofatumumab in the treatment of MS, it is not necessary to test for NAbs as these occur very infrequently. Alemtuzumab is immunogenic, but routine measurements of ADAs are not recommended as the antibodies in the pivotal 2-year trials at the population level did not influence lymphocyte depletion or repopulation, efficacy, or safety. However, in some individuals, NAbs led to poor lymphocyte depletion.
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25
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Zhou Y, Penny HL, Kroenke MA, Bautista B, Hainline K, Chea LS, Parnes J, Mytych DT. Immunogenicity assessment of bispecific antibody-based immunotherapy in oncology. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004225. [PMID: 35444060 PMCID: PMC9024276 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing numbers of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) and multispecific products entering the clinic, recent data highlight immunogenicity as an emerging challenge in the development of such novel biologics. This review focuses on the immunogenicity risk assessment (IgRA) of BsAb-based immunotherapies for cancer, highlighting several risk factors that need to be considered. These include the novel scaffolds consisting of bioengineered sequences, the potentially synergistic immunomodulating mechanisms of action (MOAs) from different domains of the BsAb, as well as several other product-related and patient-related factors. In addition, the clinical relevance of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) against selected BsAbs developed as anticancer agents is reviewed and the advances in our knowledge of tools and strategies for immunogenicity prediction, monitoring, and mitigation are discussed. It is critical to implement a drug-specific IgRA during the early development stage to guide ADA monitoring and risk management strategies. This IgRA may include a combination of several assessment tools to identify drug-specific risks as well as a proactive risk mitigation approach for candidate or format selection during the preclinical stage. The IgRA is an on-going process throughout clinical development. IgRA during the clinical stage may bridge the gap between preclinical immunogenicity prediction and clinical immunogenicity, and retrospectively guide optimization efforts for next-generation BsAbs. This iterative process throughout development may improve the reliability of the IgRA and enable the implementation of effective risk mitigation strategies, laying the foundation for improved clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Zhou
- Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Mark A Kroenke
- Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Bianca Bautista
- Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Kelly Hainline
- Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Lynette S Chea
- Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jane Parnes
- Early Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Daniel T Mytych
- Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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26
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Aggregates Associated with Instability of Antibodies during Aerosolization Induce Adverse Immunological Effects. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030671. [PMID: 35336045 PMCID: PMC8949695 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunogenicity refers to the inherent ability of a molecule to stimulate an immune response. Aggregates are one of the major risk factors for the undesired immunogenicity of therapeutic antibodies (Ab) and may ultimately result in immune-mediated adverse effects. For Ab delivered by inhalation, it is necessary to consider the interaction between aggregates resulting from the instability of the Ab during aerosolization and the lung mucosa. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of aggregates produced during aerosolization of therapeutic Ab on the immune system. Methods: Human and murine immunoglobulin G (IgG) were aerosolized using a clinically-relevant nebulizer and their immunogenic potency was assessed, both in vitro using a standard human monocyte-derived dendritic cell (MoDC) reporter assay and in vivo in immune cells in the airway compartment, lung parenchyma and spleen of healthy C57BL/6 mice after pulmonary administration. Results: IgG aggregates, produced during nebulization, induced a dose-dependent activation of MoDC characterized by the enhanced production of cytokines and expression of co-stimulatory markers. Interestingly, in vivo administration of high amounts of nebulization-mediated IgG aggregates resulted in a profound and sustained local and systemic depletion of immune cells, which was attributable to cell death. This cytotoxic effect was observed when nebulized IgG was administered locally in the airways as compared to a systemic administration but was mitigated by improving IgG stability during nebulization, through the addition of polysorbates to the formulation. Conclusion: Although inhalation delivery represents an attractive alternative route for delivering Ab to treat respiratory infections, our findings indicate that it is critical to prevent IgG aggregation during the nebulization process to avoid pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. The optimization of Ab formulation can mitigate adverse effects induced by nebulization.
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27
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Hariprasad SM, Gale RP, Weng CY, Ebbers HC, Rezk MF, Tadayoni R. An Introduction to Biosimilars for the Treatment of Retinal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Ophthalmol Ther 2022; 11:959-982. [PMID: 35278204 PMCID: PMC9114261 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological therapies have revolutionized the treatment of disease across a number of therapeutic areas including retinal diseases. However, on occasion, such treatments may be relatively more expensive compared to small molecule therapies. This can restrict patient access and treatment length leading to suboptimal clinical outcomes. Several biosimilar candidates of ranibizumab and aflibercept are currently in development and the first biosimilar of ranibizumab received EMA approval in August and FDA approval in September 2021. Biosimilars are biological medicines that are highly similar to an already-approved biological medicine (reference product). The physicochemical and clinical similarity of a biosimilar is determined by a rigorous analytical and clinical program, including extensive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis with phase III equivalence studies where appropriate. These phase III studies are carried out in a patient population that is representative of all of the potential approved therapeutic indications of the originator product and the most sensitive for detecting potential differences between the biosimilar and the reference product. Biosimilars have been used successfully across a wide range of therapeutic areas for the past 15 years where they have achieved substantial cost savings that can be reinvested into healthcare systems without affecting the quality of patient care. The current review provides an introduction to biosimilars with the aim of preparing retinal specialists for discussing these products with their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seenu M Hariprasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Richard P Gale
- Department of Ophthalmology, York Teaching Hospital, University of York, York, UK
| | - Christina Y Weng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Ramin Tadayoni
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Lariboisière, Saint Louis and Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild Hospitals, Paris, France
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28
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Hammer C, Ruppel J, Kamen L, Hunkapiller J, Mellman I, Quarmby V. Allelic Variation in HLA-DRB1 is Associated with Development ofAnti-Drug Antibodies in Cancer Patients Treated with Atezolizumab that are Neutralizing in Vitro. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1393-1399. [PMID: 35263013 PMCID: PMC9199883 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of diseases with biologic agents can result in the formation of anti-drug antibodies (ADA). Although drivers for ADA formation are unknown, a role for antigen presentation is likely, and variation in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes has been shown to be associated with occurrence of ADA for several biologics. Here, we performed an HLA-wide association study in 1,982 patients treated with the anti-PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab across 8 clinical trials. On average, 29.8% of patients were ADA positive (N=591, range of 13.5% - 38.4% per study), and 14.6% of patients were positive for ADA that were neutralizing in vitro (NAb, N=278, range of 6.4% - 21.9% per study). In a meta-analysis of logistic regression coefficients, we found statistically significant associations between HLA class II alleles and ADA status. The top-associated alleles were HLA-DRB1*01:01 in a comparison of ADA-positive versus ADA-negative patients (p=3.4*10-5 , odds ratio=1.96, 95% confidence interval=1.64-2.28), and HLA-DQA1*01:01 when comparing NAb-positive with ADA-negative patients (p=2.8 x 10-7 , OR=2.31, 95% CI=1.98-2.66). Both alleles occur together on a common HLA haplotype, and analyses considering only NAb-negative, ADA-positive patients did no yield significant results, suggesting that the genetic association is mainly driven by NAb status. In conclusion, our study showed that HLA class II genotype is associated with the risk of developing ADA, and specifically NAb, in patients treated with atezolizumab, but the effect estimates suggest that immunogenetic factors are not sufficient as clinically meaningful predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Ruppel
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Lynn Kamen
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Ira Mellman
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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29
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Civoli F, Finck B, Tang H, Hodge J, O'Kelly H, Vexler V. Biosimilar Pegfilgrastim-cbqv Demonstrated Similar Immunogenicity to Pegfilgrastim in Healthy Subjects Across Three Randomized Clinical Studies. Adv Ther 2022; 39:1230-1246. [PMID: 35034311 PMCID: PMC8918144 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-02024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Biologic therapeutics can trigger immune responses in patients. As part of the totality of evidence that is required for regulatory approval of biosimilars, immunogenicity similarity must be assessed in the clinical programs. Pegfilgrastim-cbqv (UDENYCA®) is a pegfilgrastim biosimilar approved in the USA and European Union. This article demonstrates the similar immunogenicity of pegfilgrastim-cbqv compared with its reference product, pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®). Methods The immunogenicity of pegfilgrastim-cbqv was assessed in three clinical studies in healthy subjects (one specifically designed to evaluate immunogenicity similarity and two studies to assess pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics bioequivalence) using a tiered approach, in which plasma samples were tested for the presence of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) as well as ADA binding-specificity, titer and neutralizing activity. To assess the clinical impact of ADAs, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety profiles were compared between ADA-positive and -negative subjects. Results These studies demonstrated similar immunogenicity of pegfilgrastim-cbqv and pegfilgrastim. The small differences in ADA incidence between treatment groups observed in the immunogenicity study were driven by non-neutralizing, low-titer, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-reactive ADAs, which are commonly present in healthy subjects. No treatment-emergent neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were detected in either treatment group, and there was no apparent impact of ADAs on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics or safety. Conclusion Pegfilgrastim-cbqv has similar immunogenicity to pegfilgrastim. The presented immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety data support the overall demonstration of no clinically meaningful differences between pegfilgrastim-cbqv and pegfilgrastim. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02418104 (CHS-1701-04, April 2015), NCT02650973 (CHS-1701-05, February 2016) and NCT02385851 (CHS-1701-03, March 2015). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-021-02024-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Civoli
- Coherus BioSciences, Inc., 333 Twin Dolphin Drive Suite 600, Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA.
| | - Barbara Finck
- Coherus BioSciences, Inc., 333 Twin Dolphin Drive Suite 600, Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
| | - Helen Tang
- Coherus BioSciences, Inc., 333 Twin Dolphin Drive Suite 600, Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
| | - Jennifer Hodge
- Coherus BioSciences, Inc., 333 Twin Dolphin Drive Suite 600, Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
- Myovant Sciences Inc., Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Hillary O'Kelly
- Coherus BioSciences, Inc., 333 Twin Dolphin Drive Suite 600, Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
| | - Vladimir Vexler
- Coherus BioSciences, Inc., 333 Twin Dolphin Drive Suite 600, Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
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30
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Rane SS, Dearman RJ, Kimber I, Derrick JP. Adaptation of an ELISA assay for detection of IgG 2a responses against therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in a mouse immunization model. J Immunotoxicol 2022; 19:1-7. [PMID: 35077659 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2021.2020937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotherapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) play important roles in clinical medicine but their potential to elicit immune responses in patients remains a major issue. In a study designed to investigate the effect of aggregation on immunogenic responses, mice were immunized with two monoclonal antibodies (mAb1 and mAb2). Serum levels of total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a were measured by ELISA. An anti-mouse IgG2a monoclonal detection antibody cross-reacted with mAb2 but not mAb1, leading to high background when the ELISA plate was coated with mAb2. The problem was solved by use of a goat anti-mouse IgG2a polyclonal antibody that demonstrated the required specificity. IgG2a responses were similar for monomer- or aggregate-coated ELISA plates. The results demonstrate the importance of assessment of the specificity of individual reagents when measuring antibody responses against therapeutic antibodies by ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha S Rane
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Dearman
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Kimber
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy P Derrick
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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31
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32
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Chen BM, Cheng TL, Roffler SR. Polyethylene Glycol Immunogenicity: Theoretical, Clinical, and Practical Aspects of Anti-Polyethylene Glycol Antibodies. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14022-14048. [PMID: 34469112 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a flexible, hydrophilic simple polymer that is physically attached to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, liposomes, and nanoparticles to reduce renal clearance, block antibody and protein binding sites, and enhance the half-life and efficacy of therapeutic molecules. Some naïve individuals have pre-existing antibodies that can bind to PEG, and some PEG-modified compounds induce additional antibodies against PEG, which can adversely impact drug efficacy and safety. Here we provide a framework to better understand PEG immunogenicity and how antibodies against PEG affect pegylated drug and nanoparticles. Analysis of published studies reveals rules for predicting accelerated blood clearance of pegylated medicine and therapeutic liposomes. Experimental studies of anti-PEG antibody binding to different forms, sizes, and immobilization states of PEG are also provided. The widespread use of SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccines that incorporate PEG in lipid nanoparticles make understanding possible effects of anti-PEG antibodies on pegylated medicines even more critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Mae Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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33
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ImmTORTM to amplify the efficacy and reduce immunogenicity of biologics. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:597-600. [PMID: 34387325 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent months as vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus continue to rollout across the globe, there has been a renewed interest in ways to activate or ignite the immune system. For a vaccine to be effective, it must be immunogenic and specific to provoke the body's defenses to mount an effective response that protects the host from disease. However, there are other situations wherein the immune system mounts an unwanted immune response that can be detrimental to health, either directly, by causing an autoimmune disease, or indirectly, by compromising the safety and/or efficacy of biologic drugs. In these scenarios, it would be desirable to have a 'tolerogenic vaccine' that could selectively and effectively mitigate these unwanted immune responses. ImmTORTM, a nanoparticle technology, is being developed to address the issue of immunogenicity for gene therapy vectors and other biologic drugs. By targeting antigen-presenting cells, ImmTORTM has the potential to amplify the efficacy of biologic therapies and unlock the full potential of such treatments to improve the lives of those who suffer from serious and debilitating diseases.
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34
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Ribaldone DG, Caviglia GP, Pellicano R, Vernero M, Saracco GM, Morino M, Astegiano M. Effectiveness and safety of adalimumab biosimilar ABP 501 in Crohn's disease: an observational study. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2021; 112:195-200. [PMID: 32054272 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.6693/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE there are no studies in the literature about the effectiveness of adalimumab biosimilar ABP 501 in Crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness and safety. METHODS an observational study was performed in Crohn's disease patients treated with ABP 501, with the classic induction and maintenance regimen and in Crohn's disease patients who were switched from the adalimumab originator to ABP 501. RESULTS eighty-seven patients were included in the study, of which 25 were naïve to the adalimumab originator and 62 were switched to ABP 501. In adalimumab-naïve patients, clinical response at three months was 60% (15/25) and clinical remission at three months was 56% (14/25). At six months, 95.2% (59/62) of the patients switched to ABP 501 were still in therapy, without a significant increase of clinical activity (Harvey-Bradshaw index from 3.4, 95% CI = 2.4-4.4, to 3.8, 95% CI = 2.7-4.9, p = 0.23) and inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein from 4.2 mg/l, 95% CI = 2.5-5.9 mg/l, to 3.6 mg/l, 95% CI = 2.2-5 mg/l, p = 0.32). There were no unexpected adverse events during the study period. CONCLUSIONS our results support ABP 501 as an effective and well-tolerated drug, with a good interchangeability with its originator for the treatment of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone
- General and Specialistic Medicine/Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Astegiano
- Gastroenterologia-U, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, It
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35
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Mastrobattista E. Formulation and delivery solutions for the next generation biotherapeutics. J Control Release 2021; 336:583-597. [PMID: 34174354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2018 I was appointed full professor of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology & Delivery at the Pharmaceutics division of the department of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Utrecht University, The Netherlands. In this contribution to the Orations - New Horizons of the Journal of Controlled Release I will introduce my research group (see also www.uu.nl/pharmaceutics) and will highlight my current and future research projects. In coming years the focus of my research will be on the administration of biotherapeutics, aiming to control their fate from the site of injection to the site of action. I will discuss issues related to formulation of biotherapeutics into nanomedicines (NMs), intracellular delivery of nucleic acids as well as protein therapeutics, and targeted delivery of biotherapeutics beyond the liver. In addition, I will provide a forward view on how current developments in the drug delivery and gene therapy field may result in sustainable and cost-effective dosing regimens for biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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36
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Parikh CR, Ponnampalam JK, Seligmann G, Coelewij L, Pineda-Torra I, Jury EC, Ciurtin C. Impact of immunogenicity on clinical efficacy and toxicity profile of biologic agents used for treatment of inflammatory arthritis in children compared to adults. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2021; 13:1759720X211002685. [PMID: 34188697 PMCID: PMC8212384 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x211002685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of inflammatory arthritis has been revolutionised by the
introduction of biologic treatments. Many biologic agents are currently licensed
for use in both paediatric and adult patients with inflammatory arthritis and
contribute to improved disease outcomes compared with the pre-biologic era.
However, immunogenicity to biologic agents, characterised by an immune reaction
leading to the production of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), can negatively impact
the therapeutic efficacy of biologic drugs and induce side effects to treatment.
This review explores for the first time the impact of immunogenicity against all
licensed biologic treatments currently used in inflammatory arthritis across
age, and will examine any significant differences between ADA prevalence, titres
and timing of development, as well as ADA impact on therapeutic drug levels,
clinical efficacy and side effects between paediatric and adult patients. In
addition, we will investigate factors associated with differences in
immunogenicity across biologic agents used in inflammatory arthritis, and their
potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinar R Parikh
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology versus Arthritis, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jaya K Ponnampalam
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology versus Arthritis, University College London, London, UK
| | - George Seligmann
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology versus Arthritis, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leda Coelewij
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ines Pineda-Torra
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, 3rd Floor Central, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2PG, UK
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37
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Cai KD, Zhu BX, Lin HX, Luo Q. Successful application of roxadustat in the treatment of patients with anti-erythropoietin antibody-mediated renal anaemia: a case report and literature review. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211005984. [PMID: 33853432 PMCID: PMC8054214 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211005984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has been used worldwide for treatment of renal
anaemia due to its good curative effect. However, rHuEPO treatment is associated with a
rare but severe complication because of the development of anti-EPO antibodies, which are
difficult to treat. Currently, the main treatments for the anti-EPO antibodies include
withdrawing the rHuEPO, providing blood transfusions and administrating steroid-based
immunosuppressive agents. Although the above methods can alleviate anti-EPO-related
anaemia, there are obvious side-effects such as decreased immunity and an increased risk
of infection. Therefore, accurately identifying anti-EPO-related anaemia and effectively
treating this complication is worth exploring. This current case report describes a
49-year-old female patient with chronic kidney disease that received rHuEPO subcutaneously
and then developed anti-EPO antibody-mediated renal anaemia with her haemoglobin levels
dropping to 37 g/l. The patient refused to be treated with steroids, so she received 120
mg roxadustat administered orally every 72 h and her Hb level increased to 110 g/l over a
few months. This current case report demonstrates that roxadustat can be used to
successfully treat anti-EPO antibody-mediated renal anaemia without the use of
steroid-based immunosuppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Dan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bei-Xia Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Xue Lin
- Department of Nephrology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qun Luo
- Department of Nephrology, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
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38
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Golam Kibria M, Akazawa-Ogawa Y, Hagihara Y, Kuroda Y. Immune response with long-term memory triggered by amorphous aggregates of misfolded anti-EGFR V HH-7D12 is directed against the native V HH-7D12 as well as the framework of the analogous V HH-9G8. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:13-21. [PMID: 33971271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that amorphous aggregates of misfolded VHH-7D12 antibodies (VHH-Mis), a potential anti-EGFR drug, can generate a robust serum IgG response. Here we investigate the immunogenic nature, especially the specificity of the immune response induced by VHH-Mis. To this end, we used two natively folded and 77% identical anti-EGFR VHHs (VHH-7D12 and VHH-9G8) that possess a common framework but distinct complementarity determining regions (CDRs). In 60% of mice immunized with VHH-Mis, the anti-VHH-7D12 IgG titer was stronger than the anti-VHH-9G8 titer (Group-1). In the remaining mice (40%; Group-2), the anti-VHH-7D12 and anti-VHH-9G8 titer were almost identical. We rationalized these results by hypothesizing that mice in Group-1 produced IgG mostly against the VHH-7D12's CDRs, whereas in Group-2 mice, they targeted the VHH's framework. The IgG specificity against VHH-7D12 and VHH-9G8 was essentially unchanged over 17 weeks in both groups. Further, in all mice (Group-1&2) re-immunized with native VHH-7D12, the IgG titer against VHH-7D12 increased sharply but not against VHH-9G8. On the other hand, none of the three Group-1 mice re-immunized with native VHH-9G8 showed immunogenicity against VHH-7D12 nor VHH-9G8. Whereas, in Group-2 mice (three/three) re-immunized with VHH-9G8, the IgG titers against both VHHs increased but slowly. Flow-cytometric studies showed that VHH-Mis immunized mice generated a higher number of effector and central memory T-cells. Overall, these observations indicate that amorphous aggregates made of a misfolded VHH can induce serum IgG against its natively folded self and analogous VHHs having a similar framework but distinct CDRs. Furthermore, a robust long-term immune response with memory was established against its natively folded self but with a nil-to-moderate immune response against natively folded VHH analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoko Akazawa-Ogawa
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hagihara
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kuroda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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39
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Pierik MJ, van der Meulen AE, Van der Linde K, Lutgens M, Kuijvenhoven JP, Akol H, Klompmaker IJ, Sikkens MSG, van Megen YJB, Stoop CM, Bloemsaat-Minekus JPJ, Dijkstra G. Switching From Reference Infliximab to Biosimilar CT-P13 Did Not Change Quality of Life in Stable Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2021; 4:otab001. [PMID: 36777418 PMCID: PMC9802295 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quality of life (QoL) data for patients with inflammatory bowel disease switched from the reference infliximab to biosimilar CT-P13 is lacking. This study aims to demonstrate noninferiority for QoL and efficacy after switching. Methods OoL and clinical efficacy were measured prior to and after 2, 4, and 6 CT-P13 infusions. Results One hundred seventy-eight patients were included. Noninferiority was established for QoL [ratio 97.95% (95% confidence interval 95.93 to 100.01)] and efficacy [difference -0.02 (95% confidence interval -0.68 to 0.64)]. Five patients reported 6 nonrelated, serious adverse events. Conclusions Switching from reference infliximab to CT-P13 did not affect the QoL or disease activity and was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke J Pierik
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MUMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea E van der Meulen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Van der Linde
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MCL, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice Lutgens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Elisabeth Tweesteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Johan P Kuijvenhoven
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Halil Akol
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MC De Veluwe, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Ids J Klompmaker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis Assen, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle S G Sikkens
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Dijklander Ziekenhuis, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Corinne M Stoop
- Medical Department, Mundipharma Pharmaceuticals B.V., Leusden, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne P J Bloemsaat-Minekus
- Address correspondence to: Joanne P.J. Bloemsaat-Minekus, PhD, Mundipharma Pharmaceuticals B.V., Leusderend 24, 3832 RC Leusden, The Netherlands ()
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Strand V, Goncalves J, Isaacs JD. Immunogenicity of biologic agents in rheumatology. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 17:81-97. [PMID: 33318665 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-00540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biologic agents have become a core component of therapeutic strategies for many inflammatory rheumatic diseases. However, perhaps reflecting the specificity and generally high affinity of biologic agents, these therapeutics have been used by rheumatologists with less consideration of their pharmacokinetics than that of conventional synthetic DMARDs. Immunogenicity was recognized as a potential limitation to the use of biologic agents at an early stage in their development, although regulatory guidance was relatively limited and assays to measure immunogenicity were less sophisticated than today. The advent of biosimilars has sparked a renewed interest in immunogenicity that has resulted in the development of increasingly sensitive assays, an enhanced appreciation of the pharmacokinetic consequences of immunogenicity and the development of comprehensive and specific guidance from regulatory authorities. As a result, rheumatologists have a greatly improved understanding of the field in general, including the factors responsible for immunogenicity, its potential clinical consequences and the implications for everyday treatment. In some specialties, immunogenicity testing is becoming a part of routine clinical management, but definitive evidence of its cost-effectiveness in rheumatology is awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Strand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Joao Goncalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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41
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Zeb A, Rana I, Choi HI, Lee CH, Baek SW, Lim CW, Khan N, Arif ST, Sahar NU, Alvi AM, Shah FA, Din FU, Bae ON, Park JS, Kim JK. Potential and Applications of Nanocarriers for Efficient Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1184. [PMID: 33291312 PMCID: PMC7762162 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades, the clinical use of biopharmaceutical products has markedly increased because of their obvious advantages over conventional small-molecule drug products. These advantages include better specificity, potency, targeting abilities, and reduced side effects. Despite the substantial clinical and commercial success, the macromolecular structure and intrinsic instability of biopharmaceuticals make their formulation and administration challenging and render parenteral delivery as the only viable option in most cases. The use of nanocarriers for efficient delivery of biopharmaceuticals is essential due to their practical benefits such as protecting from degradation in a hostile physiological environment, enhancing plasma half-life and retention time, facilitating absorption through the epithelium, providing site-specific delivery, and improving access to intracellular targets. In the current review, we highlight the clinical and commercial success of biopharmaceuticals and the overall applications and potential of nanocarriers in biopharmaceuticals delivery. Effective applications of nanocarriers for biopharmaceuticals delivery via invasive and noninvasive routes (oral, pulmonary, nasal, and skin) are presented here. The presented data undoubtedly demonstrate the great potential of combining nanocarriers with biopharmaceuticals to improve healthcare products in the future clinical landscape. In conclusion, nanocarriers are promising delivery tool for the hormones, cytokines, nucleic acids, vaccines, antibodies, enzymes, and gene- and cell-based therapeutics for the treatment of multiple pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Isra Rana
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Ho-Ik Choi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Cheol-Ho Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Seong-Woong Baek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Chang-Wan Lim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Namrah Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Sadia Tabassam Arif
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Najam us Sahar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Arooj Mohsin Alvi
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (I.R.); (N.K.); (S.T.A.); (N.u.S.); (A.M.A.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Fakhar ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
| | - Jeong-Sook Park
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea; (A.Z.); (H.-I.C.); (C.-H.L.); (S.-W.B.); (C.-W.L.); (O.-N.B.)
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Sécher T, Bodier-Montagutelli E, Guillon A, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. Correlation and clinical relevance of animal models for inhaled pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:148-169. [PMID: 32645479 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nonclinical studies are fundamental for the development of inhaled drugs, as for any drug product, and for successful translation to clinical practice. They include in silico, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies and are intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of the inhaled drug beneficial and detrimental effects. To date, animal models cannot be circumvented during drug development programs, acting as surrogates of humans to predict inhaled drug response, fate and toxicity. Herein, we review the animal models used during the different development stages of inhaled pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, highlighting their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sécher
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - E Bodier-Montagutelli
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Pharmacy Department, Tours, France
| | - A Guillon
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Critical Care Department, Tours, France
| | - N Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France.
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Kristensen M, Guldsmed Diedrichsen R, Vetri V, Foderà V, Mørck Nielsen H. Increased Carrier Peptide Stability through pH Adjustment Improves Insulin and PTH(1-34) Delivery In Vitro and In Vivo Rather than by Enforced Carrier Peptide-Cargo Complexation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E993. [PMID: 33092079 PMCID: PMC7589992 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides is hampered by their large molecular size and labile nature, thus limiting their permeation across the intestinal epithelium. Promising approaches to overcome the latter include co-administration with carrier peptides. In this study, the cell-penetrating peptide penetratin was employed to investigate effects of co-administration with insulin and the pharmacologically active part of parathyroid hormone (PTH(1-34)) at pH 5, 6.5, and 7.4 with respect to complexation, enzymatic stability, and transepithelial permeation of the therapeutic peptide in vitro and in vivo. Complex formation between insulin or PTH(1-34) and penetratin was pH-dependent. Micron-sized complexes dominated in the samples prepared at pH-values at which penetratin interacts electrostatically with the therapeutic peptide. The association efficiency was more pronounced between insulin and penetratin than between PTH(1-34) and penetratin. Despite the high degree of complexation, penetratin retained its membrane activity when applied to liposomal structures. The enzymatic stability of penetratin during incubation on polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers was pH-dependent with a prolonged half-live determined at pH 5 when compared to pH 6.5 and 7.4. Also, the penetratin-mediated transepithelial permeation of insulin and PTH(1-34) was increased in vitro and in vivo upon lowering the sample pH from 7.4 or 6.5 to 5. Thus, the formation of penetratin-cargo complexes with several molecular entities is not prerequisite for penetratin-mediated transepithelial permeation a therapeutic peptide. Rather, a sample pH, which improves the penetratin stability, appears to optimize the penetratin-mediated transepithelial permeation of insulin and PTH(1-34).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Kristensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.G.D.); (V.F.)
| | - Ragna Guldsmed Diedrichsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.G.D.); (V.F.)
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valeria Vetri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 18, IT-90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.G.D.); (V.F.)
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (R.G.D.); (V.F.)
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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44
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Attermann AS, Barra C, Reynisson B, Schultz HS, Leurs U, Lamberth K, Nielsen M. Improved prediction of HLA antigen presentation hotspots: Applications for immunogenicity risk assessment of therapeutic proteins. Immunology 2020; 162:208-219. [PMID: 33010039 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenicity risk assessment is a critical element in protein drug development. Currently, the risk assessment is most often performed using MHC-associated peptide proteomics (MAPPs) and/or T-cell activation assays. However, this is a highly costly procedure that encompasses limited sensitivity imposed by sample sizes, the MHC repertoire of the tested donor cohort and the experimental procedures applied. Recent work has suggested that these techniques could be complemented by accurate, high-throughput and cost-effective prediction of in silico models. However, this work covered a very limited set of therapeutic proteins and eluted ligand (EL) data. Here, we resolved these limitations by showcasing, in a broader setting, the versatility of in silico models for assessment of protein drug immunogenicity. A method for prediction of MHC class II antigen presentation was developed on the hereto largest available mass spectrometry (MS) HLA-DR EL data set. Using independent test sets, the performance of the method for prediction of HLA-DR antigen presentation hotspots was benchmarked. In particular, the method was showcased on a set of protein sequences including four therapeutic proteins and demonstrated to accurately predict the experimental MS hotspot regions at a significantly lower false-positive rate compared with other methods. This gain in performance was particularly pronounced when compared to the NetMHCIIpan-3.2 method trained on binding affinity data. These results suggest that in silico methods trained on MS HLA EL data can effectively and accurately be used to complement MAPPs assays for the risk assessment of protein drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Barra
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birkir Reynisson
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi Schiøler Schultz
- Assay, Analysis & Characterisation, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Ulrike Leurs
- Assay, Analysis & Characterisation, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Kasper Lamberth
- Assay, Analysis & Characterisation, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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45
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Dunn N, Fogdell-Hahn A, Hillert J, Spelman T. Long-Term Consequences of High Titer Neutralizing Antibodies to Interferon-β in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583560. [PMID: 33178215 PMCID: PMC7593513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutralizing anti-drug antibodies (NAbs) to interferon beta (IFNβ) develop in up to 47% of multiple sclerosis (MS) treated patients inhibiting treatment effect of IFNβ. However, the long-term effect of NAbs remain unknown. Objective To investigate the long-term consequences of high titer NAbs to IFNβ on disease activity and progression in MS patients. Methods An observational study including data from all IFNβ treated relapsing remitting MS patients with sufficient NAb test results from the Swedish MS registry. Patients were classified into either confirmed ‘high titer’ or ‘persistent negative’ groups and analyzed for differences in disease activity and progression over time. Results A total of 197 high-titer and 2907 persistent negative patients with 19969.6 follow up years of data were included. High titer NAbs were associated with a higher degree of disease activity at baseline. However, even when accounting for this, the presence of high titer NAbs were also associated with higher disease activity during IFNβ treatment. This persisted even after the next DMT start, suggesting that earlier high titers may partially reduce the effect of later treatments. No difference was found in confirmed disability progression. Conclusion High titer NAbs to IFNβ are associated with higher disease activity, persisting even after IFNβ discontinuation or switch. These results support use of highly efficient treatment earlier in patients with active disease, to avoid these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Dunn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Neuroimmunology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Fogdell-Hahn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Neuroimmunology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Spelman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Kibria MG, Akazawa-Ogawa Y, Rahman N, Hagihara Y, Kuroda Y. The immunogenicity of an anti-EGFR single domain antibody (V HH) is enhanced by misfolded amorphous aggregation but not by heat-induced aggregation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:164-174. [PMID: 32416134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous aggregates of therapeutic proteins can provoke an unwanted immune response (anti-drug antibodies; ADAs), but counter-examples have led to some controversy. Amorphous aggregates can possess unique biophysical and biochemical attributes depending on both the way they are generated and the protein's biophysical/biochemical properties. Here, we examine the immunogenicity of an anti-EGFR single domain antibody (VHH) in four types of amorphous aggregates: two heat-aggregated VHH incubated at 65 °C (VHH-65) and 95 °C (VHH-95), a misfolded VHH isolated from the insoluble fraction of the E. coli lysate (VHH-Ins), and a low solubility misfolded VHH produced by miss-shuffling the SS bonds of the native VHH (VHH-Mis). Biophysical and biochemical measurements indicated that VHH was indeed natively folded, monomeric, and β-sheeted; that VHH-65 was partially unfolded and formed aggregates with a Z-average (Zave) of 771 nm; whereas VHH-95 was unfolded and formed aggregates of 1722 nm; and that both VHH-Ins and VHH-Mis were misfolded with non-native intermolecular SS bonds and formed aggregates with a Zave of 1846 nm and 1951 nm, respectively. The IgG level generated in Jcl:ICR mice determined by ELISA showed that the native VHH was barely immunogenic, VHH-95 was not immunogenic, while VHH-65 was mildly immunogenic. By contrast, the misfolded aggregates, VHH-Ins and VHH-Mis, having a Zave and an aggregation propensity similar to that of VHH-95, were highly immunogenic. These findings indicate the critical role of the biochemical and biophysical attributes of the amorphous aggregates in generating an immune response against a protein, rather than just their sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoko Akazawa-Ogawa
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Nafsoon Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hagihara
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kuroda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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Li B, Yuan Z, Jain P, Hung HC, He Y, Lin X, McMullen P, Jiang S. De novo design of functional zwitterionic biomimetic material for immunomodulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba0754. [PMID: 32523997 PMCID: PMC7259941 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophilic zwitterionic polymers are a class of nonfouling materials capable of effectively resisting any nonspecific interactions with biological systems. We designed here a functional zwitterionic polymer that achieves a trade-off between nonspecific interactions providing the nonfouling property and a specific interaction for bioactive functionality. Built from phosphoserine, an immune-signaling molecule in nature, this zwitterionic polymer exhibits both nonfouling and immunomodulatory properties. Its conjugation to uricase is shown to proactively eradicate all unwanted immune response, outperforming the zwitterionic polymers. On the other hand, this polymer could significantly prolong the half-life of protein drugs in vivo, overcoming the innate drawback of phosphoserine in inducing accelerated clearance. Our demonstration of a nonfouling zwitterionic material with built-in immunomodulatory functionality provides new insights into the fundamental design of biomaterials, as well as far-reaching implications for broad applications such as drug delivery, implants, and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zhefan Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Priyesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yuwei He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Patrick McMullen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shaoyi Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Lundberg E, Kriström B, Zouater H, Deleskog A, Höybye C. Ten years with biosimilar rhGH in clinical practice in Sweden - experience from the prospective PATRO children and adult studies. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:55. [PMID: 32349731 PMCID: PMC7191769 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-0535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2007, Omnitrope® was the first biosimilar recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to be approved in Sweden for treatment in adults and children. Over 10 years' safety and effectiveness data for biosimilar rhGH can now be presented. METHODS PATRO Children and PATRO Adults are multicenter, longitudinal, observational, post-marketing surveillance studies. Eligible patients include children 0-18 years and adults receiving biosimilar rhGH treatment. Adverse events (AEs) are monitored for safety evaluation. Growth variables in children and metabolic data in adults are recorded for effectiveness evaluation. RESULTS As of January 2019, data from 136 children (48% male) were reported from Swedish centers. Mean age in rhGH treatment-naïve patients at study entry (n = 114) was 7.5 years, with mean 3.6 years treatment duration. No severe AEs of diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or malignancy were reported. The most frequently reported AE was nasopharyngitis (n = 16 patients). No clinically relevant anti-hGH or neutralizing antibodies were observed. The mean change from baseline in height standard deviation score (SDS) in naïve prepubertal GH deficiency patients was + 0.79 at 1 year, + 1.27 at 2 years, and + 1.55 at 3 years. Data from 293 adults (44% rhGH-naïve, 51% male) were included. Fatigue was the most frequently reported AE (n = 26 patients). The incidence of new neoplasms or existing neoplasm progression was 23.8 patients per 1000 patient-years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was reported in four patients. At baseline in rhGH-naïve adults, mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) was 29.1 (5.6) kg/m2 and mean (SD) insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I SDS was - 3.0 (1.4). Mean daily dose increased from 0.1 mg at baseline to 0.3 mg after 4 years. IGF-I SDS normalized during the first year of treatment. Mean BMI and glucose were unchanged over 4 years, while low-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio decreased. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, Swedish data from the PATRO Children and Adults studies are presented. The 10-year data suggest that biosimilar rhGH is well tolerated across pediatric and adult indications. Safety and effectiveness were similar to previous reports for other rhGH preparations. These results need to be confirmed in larger cohorts, highlighting the importance of long-term post-marketing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lundberg
- Institute of Clinical Science/Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Berit Kriström
- Institute of Clinical Science/Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hichem Zouater
- Sandoz Biopharmaceutical, c/o HEXAL AG, Industriestr. 25, D-83607, Holzkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte Höybye
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shamloo A, Rostami P, Mahmoudi A. PASylation Enhances the Stability, Potency, and Plasma Half-Life of Interferon α-2a: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900385. [PMID: 32277577 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of PASylation in enhancing the potency and plasma half-life of pharmaceutical proteins has been accredited as an alternative technique to the conventional methods such as PEGylation. Proline, alanine, and serine (PAS) chain has shown some advantages including biodegradability improvement and plasma half-life enhancement while lacking immunogenicity or toxicity. Although some experimental studies have been performed to find the mechanism behind PASylation, the detailed mechanism of PAS effects on the pharmaceutical proteins has remained obscure, especially at the molecular level. In this study, the interaction of interferon α-2a (IFN) and PAS chain is investigated using molecular dynamics simulation method. Several important parameters including secondary structure, root-mean-square distance, and solvent accessible surface area to investigate the stability, bioavailability, and bioactivity of the PASylated protein are studied. The results demonstrate that IFN conformation is not affected critically through PASylation while it results in improvement of the protein stability and bioactivity. Therefore, PASylation can be considered as a proper biological alternative technique to increase the plasma half-life of the biopharmaceutical proteins through enlarging apparent volume. The proposed simulation represents a computational approach that would provide a basis for the study of PASylated pharmaceutical proteins for different future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shamloo
- Department of mechanical engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave. 11155-9567, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Rostami
- Department of mechanical engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave. 11155-9567, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Mahmoudi
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave. 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Vainshtein I, Sun B, Roskos LK, Liang M. A novel approach to assess domain specificity of anti-drug antibodies to moxetumomab pasudotox, an immunotoxin with two functional domains. J Immunol Methods 2020; 477:112688. [PMID: 31676342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biologics are potentially immunogenic and can elicit immune response. Complex biologics, such as bispecific antibodies or multi-domain molecules can induce anti-drug antibodies (ADA) with specificity to different domains. Domain specific ADAs may differently affect drug efficacy and safety, and thus, characterization of ADA domain specificity has become a regulatory expectation for multi-domain biologics. Unlike well-established methods for screening, confirmation, titer and neutralizing ADA detection, characterization of ADA domain specificity is an emerging field. The conventional approach for determination of ADA domain specificity is a competitive inhibition with domain-containing molecules. When developing a conventional domain specificity assay for moxetumomab pasudotox, a recombinant anti-CD22 immunotoxin, comprised of two functional domains (CD22-binding fragment and truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38), we encountered a bioanalytical challenge. The method was able to detect immunodominant anti-PE38 (ADA-PE) but generated false negative results for low abundant CD22-binding domain ADA (ADA-BD) in a polyclonal sample. Troubleshooting experiments using control samples with varying levels of each ADA subtype demonstrated that a major factor for successful ADA identification was the ratio of the ADA signals contributed by each ADA subtype. To overcome this unique bioanalytical challenge, we developed a novel approach, which ensures detection of a domain-specific ADA subtype regardless of its relative level in a polyclonal ADA sample by evaluating signal inhibition by a respective domain-containing molecule at the condition when signals from all other ADAs are fully blocked. The method has been used for characterization of ADA domain specificity in moxetumomab pasudotox clinical trials, including study 1053, the pivotal Phase III study in hairy cell leukemia patients. It allowed for successful detection of ADA-BD in the presence of immunodominant ADA-PE, enabling accurate determination of domain specificity for moxetumomab pasudotox. The results demonstrated that the method was superior than the conventional approach. The method could be applied broadly to other biologics with two or more domains when there is a need to detect a minor ADA subtype in polyclonal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Vainshtein
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Bo Sun
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lorin K Roskos
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Meina Liang
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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