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Stamou MI, Chiu CJ, Jadhav SV, Lopes VF, Salnikov KB, Plummer L, Lippincott MF, Lee H, Seminara SB, Balasubramanian R. Defective FGFR1 Signaling Disrupts Glucose Regulation: Evidence From Humans With FGFR1 Mutations. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae118. [PMID: 38957656 PMCID: PMC11216325 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling improves the metabolic health of animals and humans, while inactivation leads to diabetes in mice. Direct human genetic evidence for the role of FGFR1 signaling in human metabolic health has not been fully established. Objective We hypothesized that individuals with naturally occurring FGFR1 variants ("experiments of nature") will display glucose dysregulation. Methods Participants with rare FGFR1 variants and noncarrier controls. Using a recall-by-genotype approach, we examined the β-cell function and insulin sensitivity of 9 individuals with rare FGFR1 deleterious variants compared to 27 noncarrier controls, during a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test at the Reproductive Endocrine Unit and the Harvard Center for Reproductive Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. FGFR1-mutation carriers displayed higher β-cell function in the face of lower insulin sensitivity compared to controls. Conclusion These findings suggest that impaired FGFR1 signaling may contribute to an early insulin resistance phase of diabetes pathogenesis and support the candidacy of the FGFR1 signaling pathway as a therapeutic target for improving the human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Stamou
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and Harvard Center for Reproductive Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Crystal J Chiu
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and Harvard Center for Reproductive Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shreya V Jadhav
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and Harvard Center for Reproductive Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vanessa Ferreira Lopes
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and Harvard Center for Reproductive Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kathryn B Salnikov
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and Harvard Center for Reproductive Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lacey Plummer
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and Harvard Center for Reproductive Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Margaret F Lippincott
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and Harvard Center for Reproductive Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hang Lee
- MGH Biostatistics Center and MGH Division of Clinical Research (DCR) Biostatistics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stephanie B Seminara
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and Harvard Center for Reproductive Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ravikumar Balasubramanian
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit and Harvard Center for Reproductive Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Yu H, Geng S, Li S, Wang Y, Ren X, Zhong D, Mo H, Yao M, Yu J, Li Y, Wang L. The AMPK and AKT/GSK3β pathways are involved in recombinant proteins fibroblast growth factor 1 (rFGF1 and rFGF1a) improving glycolipid metabolism in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a high carbohydrate diet. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:11-24. [PMID: 38444689 PMCID: PMC10912841 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) regulates vertebrate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, and energy metabolism. In this study, we cloned rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fgf1 and fgf1a, prepared their recombinant proteins (rFGF1 and rFGF1a), and described the molecular mechanisms by which they improve glycolipid metabolism in carnivorous fish. A 31-d feeding trial was conducted to investigate whether they could enhance glycolipid metabolism in rainbow trout on high-carbohydrate diets (HCD). A total of 720 rainbow trout (8.9 ± 0.5 g) were equally divided into 4 groups: the chow diet (CD) group injected with PBS, the HCD group injected with PBS, the HCD group injected with rFGF1 (400 ng/g body weight), and the HCD group injected with rFGF1a (400 ng/g body weight). The results showed that short-term HCD had a significant positive effect on the specific growth rate (SGR) of rainbow trout (P < 0.05). However, it led to an increase in crude fat, serum triglyceride (TG) and glucose content, as well as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) contents (P < 0.05), suggesting a negative health effect of HCD. Nevertheless, rFGF1 and rFGF1a showed beneficial therapeutic effects. They significantly reduced the crude fat content of the liver, serum TG, GOT, and GPT contents caused by HCD (P < 0.05). The upregulation in atgl, hsl, and acc2 mRNAs implied the promotion of TG catabolism. Moreover, rFGF1 and rFGF1a contributed to promoting lipolysis by activating the AMPK pathway and reducing lipid accumulation in the liver caused by HCD. In addition, the rFGF1 and rFGF1a-treated groups significantly reduced serum glucose levels and elevated hepatic glycogen content under HCD, and increased glucose uptake by hepatocytes. We observed a decrease in mRNA levels for pepck, g6pase, and pygl, along with an increase in mRNA levels for gys, glut2, and gk in the liver. Furthermore, these proteins regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis by increasing the phosphorylation level of AKT, ultimately leading to an increase in GSK3β phosphorylation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that rFGF1 and rFGF1a can enhance lipolysis and glucose utilization in rainbow trout by activating the AMPK pathway and AKT/GSK3β axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shuo Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xin Ren
- Meixian Aquaculture Farm of Shitouhe Reservoir Administration, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, China
| | - Debin Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haolin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingxing Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Tang Q, Cheng Z, Liu S, Niu J, Xu J, Huang J, Pan J, Lu F, Chen D. FGF1 ΔHBS ameliorates retinal inflammation via suppressing TSPO signal in a type 2 diabetes mouse model. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116039. [PMID: 38301966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) plays an important role in retinal neuroinflammation in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Studies have found that a FGF1 variant (FGF1ΔHBS) with reduced proliferative potency exerts excellent anti-inflammatory effects and potential therapeutic value for diabetic complications. In this study, intravitreal injection of FGF1ΔHBS was administrated every week for one month in db/db mice, which are genetically predisposed to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus and early retinopathy. Changes in retinal function and structure in the animal models were detected by electrophysiology (ERG) and optical tomography coherence (OCT). TSPO expression and retinal inflammation were analyzed by immunofluorescence, Western blot and real-time qPCR. In the retina of T2D (db/db) mice, FGF1 was significantly down-regulated while FGFR1 was up-regulated (both p < 0.05). TSPO and retinal inflammatory factors were all up-regulated. TSPO and FGFR1 were mainly co-stained in the inner retina. After FGF1ΔHBS treatment, ERG showed that the total amplitude of dark-adapted b-wave and oscillating potentials (Ops) was significantly improved, and OCT showed that the thickness of the retina around the optical nerve head was significantly preserved in T2D mice (all p < 0.05). The TSPO signal was significantly suppressed by FGF1ΔHBS. The activation of NF-κB p65 and the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, MIP-1α, and iNOS were all significantly down-regulated (all p < 0.05). Collectively, our current data demonstrated that intravitreal FGF1ΔHBS treatment can effectively inhibit retinal inflammation via suppressing TSPO signal and to preserve retinal function and structure in a T2D mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunwu Tang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhewei Cheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianlou Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingzhou Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Pan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Ding Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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Guo M, Li M, Cui F, Wang H, Ding X, Gao W, Fang X, Chen L, Niu P, Ma J. Mediation effect of serum zinc on insulin secretion inhibited by methyl tert-butyl ether in gas station workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8952-8962. [PMID: 38183540 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a type of gasoline additive, has been found to affect insulin function and glucose homeostasis in animal experiments, but there is still no epidemiological evidence. Zinc (Zn) is a key regulatory element of insulin secretion and function, and Zn homeostasis can be disrupted by MTBE exposure through inducing oxidative stress. Therefore, we suspected that Zn might be involved and play an important role in the process of insulin secretion inhibited by MTBE exposure. In this study, we recruited 201 male subjects including occupational and non-occupational MTBE exposure from Anhui Province, China in 2019. Serum insulin and functional analog fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) and blood MTBE were detected by Elisa and headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. According to MTBE internal exposure level, the workers were divided into low- and high-exposed groups and found that the serum insulin level in the high-exposed group was significantly lower than that in the low-exposed group (p = 0.003) while fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level increased obviously in the high-exposed group compared to the low-exposed group (p = 0.001). Further analysis showed that MTBE exposure level was positively correlated with FPG level, but negatively correlated with serum insulin level, which suggested that the FPG level increase might be related to the decrease of serum insulin level induced by MTBE exposure. The results of further mediation effect analysis showed that changes in serum zinc levels played a major intermediary role in the process of insulin secretion inhibition and blood glucose elevation caused by MTBE exposure. In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between MTBE exposure and serum Zn level, which might play a strong mediating effect on the inhibition of insulin secretion induced by MTBE exposure. In conclusion, our study provided evidence that MTBE could inhibit insulin secretion and interfere with Zn metabolism in gas station workers for the first time, and found that Zn might play an important mediation effect during the process of inhibiting insulin secretion and interfering with glucose metabolism induced by MTBE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Fengtao Cui
- Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital of Huaibei Mining Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hanyun Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xinping Ding
- Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital of Huaibei Mining Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital of Huaibei Mining Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xingqiang Fang
- Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital of Huaibei Mining Co., Ltd., Huaibei, 235000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Piye Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junxiang Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Wu K, Huang S, Zheng F, Liu Y. The CEBPA-FGF21 regulatory network may participate in the T2DM-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1491-1503. [PMID: 37392202 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Recent years have witnessed an increasing research interest in the roles of transcription factor (TF)-gene regulatory network in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, we sought to characterize the mechanistic insights based on the TF-gene regulatory network in skeletal muscle atrophy in T2DM. METHODS Differentially expressed TFs (DETFs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were obtained in T2DM-related gene expression profiles (GSE12643, GSE55650, GSE166502, and GSE29221), followed by WGCNA, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Next, the iRegulon plug-in unit of Cytoscape software was used to construct a TF-mRNA regulatory network. Besides, RT-qPCR and ChIP-seq were utilized to measure the expression of CEBPA and FGF21 in the skeletal muscle tissues or cells of T2DM rat models. At last, the effect of overexpression of FGF21 on the autophagy-lysosomal pathway was examined in skeletal muscle cells of T2DM rats. RESULTS Totally, 12 DETFs and 102 DEmRNAs were found in the skeletal muscle tissues of T2DM samples. The DEmRNAs were mainly enriched in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. CEBPA affected the skeletal muscle atrophy in T2DM by regulating 5 target genes via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. CEBPA could target FGF21. In addition, the expression of CEBPA was elevated, while the expression of FGF21 was diminished in the skeletal muscle tissues or cells of T2DM rats. The CEBPA-FGF21 regulatory network promoted skeletal muscle atrophy in T2DM by activating the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. CONCLUSION The CEBPA-FGF21 regulatory network may participate in the T2DM-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Thus, our study provides interesting targets for prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87, Xiang-Ya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Sha Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Fan Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Health Management Department, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 87, Xiang-Ya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
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Cao R, Tian H, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu H, Rao G, Tian Y, Fu X. Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e283. [PMID: 37303813 PMCID: PMC10248034 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Kim JY, Choi J, Kwon Y, Park S, Kim SG, Kim NH. Serum fibroblast growth factor 1 and its association with pancreatic beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in adults with glucose intolerance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1198311. [PMID: 37284218 PMCID: PMC10239951 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1198311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Beneficial role of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) in the regulation of glucose metabolism and adipose tissue remodeling was suggested in rodents. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum FGF1 levels and metabolic parameters in adults with glucose intolerance. Methods Serum FGF1 levels were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 153 individuals with glucose intolerance. Associations between serum FGF1 levels and metabolic parameters, including body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test-derived parameters, including insulinogenic index (IGI), Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and disposition index (DI), were examined. Results Serum FGF1 was detected in 35 individuals (22.9%), possibly due to the autocrine/paracrine nature of the peptide. IGI and DI levels were significantly lower in individuals with higher FGF1 levels than in those with lower FGF1 levels or undetectable FGF1 (p=0.006 and 0.005 for IGI and DI, respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI). Univariable and multivariable analyses using the Tobit regression model also revealed a negative association between FGF1 levels and IGI and DI. The regression coefficients per 1-SD of log-transformed IGI and DI were -0.461 (p=0.013) and -0.467 (p=0.012), respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. In contrast, serum FGF1 levels were not significantly associated with ISI, BMI, or HbA1c. Conclusions The serum concentration of FGF1 was significantly elevated in individuals with low insulin secretion, suggesting a possible interaction between FGF1 and beta cell function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongkeun Kwon
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoo Park
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhai W, Zhang T, Jin Y, Huang S, Xu M, Pan J. The fibroblast growth factor system in cognitive disorders and dementia. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1136266. [PMID: 37214403 PMCID: PMC10196031 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1136266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is the core precursor to dementia and other cognitive disorders. Current hypotheses suggest that they share a common pathological basis, such as inflammation, restricted neurogenesis, neuroendocrine disorders, and the destruction of neurovascular units. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are cell growth factors that play essential roles in various pathophysiological processes via paracrine or autocrine pathways. This system consists of FGFs and their receptors (FGFRs), which may hold tremendous potential to become a new biological marker in the diagnosis of dementia and other cognitive disorders, and serve as a potential target for drug development against dementia and cognitive function impairment. Here, we review the available evidence detailing the relevant pathways mediated by multiple FGFs and FGFRs, and recent studies examining their role in the pathogenesis and treatment of cognitive disorders and dementia.
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Lv Y, Lin S, Liu M, Wang L, Wang X, Cui L, Xu J. Impacts of pre-existing diabetes mellitus on colorectal cancer in a mice model. Cancer Med 2023; 12:11641-11650. [PMID: 36999930 PMCID: PMC10242856 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although diabetes mellitus (DM) is regarded as a risk factor of colorectal cancer (CRC), the impacts of pre-existing DM on CRC without drug intervention remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on colorectal cancer (CRC). And, to further explore the influencing factors and the mechanisms of DM affects CRC progression. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of DM on CRC progression in a streptozotocin-induced DM mice model. Furthermore, we evaluated the change of T cells levels using flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence. We assessed the alternation of gut microbiome and the transcriptional response using 16s rRNA sequencing and RNA-seq. RESULTS Results showed that the mice survival time was significantly decreased in CRC complicated with DM group (DM-CRC), compared with only tumor bearing mice (CRC group). Furthermore, we found that DM could affect the immune response by changing the infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cell (MAIT) in the CRC progression. In addition, DM could induce gut microbiome dysbiosis and change the transcriptional response in CRC complicated with DM. CONCLUSION For the first time, the effects of DM on CRC were systematically characterized in a mice model. Our findings highlight the effects of pre-existing DM on CRC, and these findings should facilitate further studies in exploring and developing potentially targeted therapy for CRC in diabetic patients. Our results suggest that the effects induced by DM should be considered in the treatment for CRC complicated with DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Lv
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's HospitalZhejiangQuzhouChina
| | - Shuiquan Lin
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's HospitalZhejiangQuzhouChina
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's HospitalZhejiangQuzhouChina
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's HospitalZhejiangQuzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Li Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's HospitalZhejiangQuzhouChina
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Zhou J, Chen X, Chen Q, Pan B, Lou J, Jia Z, Du Y, Xu W, Zhang L, Feng X, Jin L, Shi M, Li X, Huang Z, Sun J. Novel Muscle-Homing Peptide FGF1 Conjugate Based on AlphaFold for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6397-6410. [PMID: 36625595 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drugs for metabolic diseases usually require systemic administration and act on multiple tissues, which may produce some unpredictable side effects. There have been many successful studies on targeted drugs, especially antitumor drugs. However, there is still little research on metabolic disease drugs targeting specific tissues. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) is a potential therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D) without the risk of hypoglycemia. However, the major impediment to the clinical application of FGF1 is its mitogenic potential. We previously engineered an FGF1 variant (named FGF1ΔHBS) to tune down its mitogenic activity via reducing the heparin-binding ability. However, other notable side effects still remained, including severe appetite inhibition, pathogenic loss of body weight, and increase in fatality rate. In this study, we used AlphaFold2 and PyMOL visualization tools to construct a novel FGF1ΔHBS conjugate fused with skeletal muscle-targeted (MT) peptide through a flexible peptide linker termed MT-FGF1ΔHBS. We found that MT-FGF1ΔHBS specifically homed to skeletal muscle tissue after systemic administration and induced a potent glucose-lowering effect in T2D mice without hypoglycemia. Mechanistically, MT-FGF1ΔHBS elicits the glucose-lowering effect via AMPK activation to promote the GLUT4 expression and translocation in skeletal muscle cells. Notably, compared with native FGF1ΔHBS, MT-FGF1ΔHBS had minimal effects on food intake and body weight and did not induce any hyperplasia in major tissues of both T2D and normal mice, indicating that this muscle-homing protein may be a promising candidate for T2D treatment. Our targeted peptide strategy based on computer-aided structure prediction in this study could be effectively applied for delivering agents to functional tissues to treat metabolic or other diseases, offering enhanced efficacy and reducing systemic off-target side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Beibing Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jiaxin Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yali Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lingwei Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mengru Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
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11
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Comparative Transcriptome Profiles of Human HaCaT Cells in Response to Gynostemma pentaphyllum Extracts Obtained Using Three Independent Methods by RNA Sequencing. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020423. [PMID: 36836780 PMCID: PMC9961609 DOI: 10.3390/life13020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) is widely used in herbal medicine. In this study, we developed a method for the large-scale production of GP cells using plant tissue culture techniques combined with bioreactors. Six metabolites (uridine, adenosine, guanosine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan) were identified in GP extracts. Transcriptome analyses of HaCaT cells treated with GP extracts using three independent methods were conducted. Most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the GP-all condition (combination of three GP extracts) showed similar gene expression on treatment with the three individual GP extracts. The most significantly upregulated gene was LTBP1. Additionally, 125 and 51 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in response to the GP extracts. The upregulated genes were associated with the response to growth factors and heart development. Some of these genes encode components of elastic fibers and the extracellular matrix and are associated with many cancers. Genes related to folate biosynthesis and vitamin D metabolism were also upregulated. In contrast, many downregulated genes were associated with cell adhesion. Moreover, many DEGs were targeted to the synaptic and neuronal projections. Our study has revealed the functional mechanisms of GP extracts' anti-aging and photoprotective effects on the skin using RNA sequencing.
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12
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Pei F, Ma L, Jing J, Feng J, Yuan Y, Guo T, Han X, Ho TV, Lei J, He J, Zhang M, Chen JF, Chai Y. Sensory nerve niche regulates mesenchymal stem cell homeostasis via FGF/mTOR/autophagy axis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:344. [PMID: 36670126 PMCID: PMC9859800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reside in microenvironments, referred to as niches, which provide structural support and molecular signals. Sensory nerves are niche components in the homeostasis of tissues such as skin, bone marrow and hematopoietic system. However, how the sensory nerve affects the behavior of MSCs remains largely unknown. Here we show that the sensory nerve is vital for mesenchymal tissue homeostasis and maintenance of MSCs in the continuously growing adult mouse incisor. Loss of sensory innervation leads to mesenchymal disorder and a decrease in MSCs. Mechanistically, FGF1 from the sensory nerve directly acts on MSCs by binding to FGFR1 and activates the mTOR/autophagy axis to sustain MSCs. Modulation of mTOR/autophagy restores the MSCs and rescues the mesenchymal tissue disorder of Fgfr1 mutant mice. Collectively, our study provides insights into the role of sensory nerves in the regulation of MSC homeostasis and the mechanism governing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pei
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ma
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Junjun Jing
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jifan Feng
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Tingwei Guo
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xia Han
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Thach-Vu Ho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jie Lei
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jinzhi He
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Zhong Y, Xiao Y, Gao J, Zheng Z, Zhang Z, Yao L, Li D. Curcumin improves insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed mice through gut microbiota. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:76. [DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Insulin resistance precedes metabolic syndrome which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, there is a lack of safe and long-lasting methods for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance. Gut microbiota dysbiosis can lead to insulin resistance and associated glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction. Thus, the role of gut microbiota in metabolic diseases has garnered growing interest. Curcumin, the active ingredient of tropical plant Curcuma longa, has excellent prospects for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. However, due to the extremely low bioavailability of curcumin, the mechanisms by which curcumin increases insulin sensitivity remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the role of gut microbiota in mediating the effects of curcumin on improving insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice.
Methods
Glucose, insulin, and pyruvate tolerance were tested and hepatic triglycerides (TGs) content was measured in HFD-fed mice treated with curcumin (100 mg kg−1 d−1, p.o.) or vehicle for 4 weeks and aforementioned mice after gut microbiota depletion via antibiotic treatment for 4 weeks. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was conducted in endogenous gut microbiota-depleted HFD-fed mice. Glucose and lipid metabolic phenotypes were also measured in recipient mice colonized microbiota from vehicle- or curcumin-treated HFD-fed mice. The mechanisms underlying the effects of curcumin on increasing insulin sensitivity were testified by Western blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results
Curcumin ameliorated HFD-induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, pyruvate intolerance, and hepatic TGs accumulation, while these effects were mediated by gut microbiota. Curcumin induced insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation levels in insulin-regulated peripheral tissues. The inhibitory effects of curcumin on the expressions of genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis and de novo lipogenesis were dependent on gut microbiota. Meanwhile, curcumin upregulated the expression of fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) through gut microbiota.
Conclusions
The effects of curcumin on promoting insulin sensitivity were dependent on gut microbiota in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, curcumin at least partly exerted its effects on increasing insulin sensitivity via FGF15 upregulation. This study provided new ideas on nutritional manipulations of gut microbiota for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Critical Overview of Hepatic Factors That Link Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Acute Kidney Injury: Physiology and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012464. [PMID: 36293317 PMCID: PMC9604121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a combination of a group of progressive diseases, presenting different structural features of the liver at different stages of the disease. According to epidemiological surveys, as living standards improve, the global prevalence of NAFLD increases. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a class of clinical conditions characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function. NAFLD and AKI, as major public health diseases with high prevalence and mortality, respectively, worldwide, place a heavy burden on societal healthcare systems. Clinical observations of patients with NAFLD with AKI suggest a possible association between the two diseases. However, little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms linking NAFLD and AKI, and the combination of the diseases is poorly treated. Previous studies have revealed that liver-derived factors are transported to distal organs via circulation, such as the kidney, where they elicit specific effects. Of note, while NAFLD affects the expression of many hepatic factors, studies on the mechanisms whereby NAFLD mediates the generation of hepatic factors that lead to AKI are lacking. Considering the unique positioning of hepatic factors in coordinating systemic energy metabolism and maintaining energy homeostasis, we hypothesize that the effects of NAFLD are not only limited to the structural and functional changes in the liver but may also involve the entire body via the hepatic factors, e.g., playing an important role in the development of AKI. This raises the question of whether analogs of beneficial hepatic factors or inhibitors of detrimental hepatic factors could be used as a treatment for NAFLD-mediated and hepatic factor-driven AKI or other metabolic disorders. Accordingly, in this review, we describe the systemic effects of several types of hepatic factors, with a particular focus on the possible link between hepatic factors whose expression is altered under NAFLD and AKI. We also summarize the role of some key hepatic factors in metabolic control mechanisms and discuss their possible use as a preventive treatment for the progression of metabolic diseases.
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15
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∆nFGF1 Protects β-Cells against High Glucose-Induced Apoptosis via the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α Axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1231970. [PMID: 36225175 PMCID: PMC9550415 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1231970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to high glucose leads to β-cell dysfunction and death. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) has emerged as a promising diabetes treatment, but its pharmaceutical role and mechanism against glucolipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction remain uncharacterized. Wild-type FGF1 (FGF1WT) may exhibit in vivo mitogenicity, but deletion of N-terminal residues 1-27 gives a nonmitogenic variant, ∆nFGF1, that does not promote cell proliferation and still retains the metabolic activity of FGF1WT. To investigate the roles of ∆nFGF1 on glucose regulation and potential islet β-cell dysfunction, db/db mice were used as a model of type 2 diabetes. The results showed that insulin secretion and apoptosis of islet β-cells were dramatically improved in ∆nFGF1-treated db/db mice. To further test the effects of ∆nFGF1 treatment, pancreatic β-cell (MIN6) cells were exposed to a mixture of palmitic acid (PA) and high glucose (HG) to mimic glucolipotoxic conditions in vitro. Treatment with ∆nFGF1 significantly inhibited glucolipotoxicity-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, ∆nFGF1 exerts a protective effect on β-cells via activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate that ∆nFGF1 protects pancreatic β-cells against glucolipotoxicity-induced dysfunction and apoptosis.
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Yang B, Lu L, Zhou D, Fan W, Barbier-Torres L, Steggerda J, Yang H, Yang X. Regulatory network and interplay of hepatokines, stellakines, myokines and adipokines in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1007944. [PMID: 36267567 PMCID: PMC9578007 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1007944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is a spectrum of liver pathologies ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and culminating with the development of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and diverse, and there is a lack of effective treatment measures. In this review, we address hepatokines identified in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH, including the signaling of FXR/RXR, PPARα/RXRα, adipogenesis, hepatic stellate cell activation/liver fibrosis, AMPK/NF-κB, and type 2 diabetes. We also highlight the interaction between hepatokines, and cytokines or peptides secreted from muscle (myokines), adipose tissue (adipokines), and hepatic stellate cells (stellakines) in response to certain nutritional and physical activity. Cytokines exert autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects on the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH. Characterizing signaling pathways and crosstalk amongst muscle, adipose tissue, hepatic stellate cells and other liver cells will enhance our understanding of interorgan communication and potentially serve to accelerate the development of treatments for NAFLD and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liqing Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lucía Barbier-Torres
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Justin Steggerda
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Heping Yang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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17
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Liu Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Bi L, He Z, Shao C, Jin L, Peng R, Zhang X. Advances in FGFs for diabetes care applications. Life Sci 2022; 310:121015. [PMID: 36179818 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine and metabolic disease caused by a variety of pathogenic factors, including genetic factors, environmental factors and behavior. In recent decades, the number of cases and the prevalence of diabetes have steadily increased, and it has become one of the most threatening diseases to human health in the world. Currently, insulin is the most effective and direct way to control hyperglycemia for diabetes treatment at a low cost. However, hypoglycemia is often a common complication of insulin treatment. Moreover, with the extension of treatment time, insulin resistance, considered the typical adverse symptom, can appear. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new targets and more effective and safer drugs for diabetes treatment to avoid adverse reactions and the insulin tolerance of traditional hypoglycemic drugs. SCOPE OF REVIEW In recent years, it has been found that some fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), including FGF1, FGF19 and FGF21, can safely and effectively reduce hyperglycemia and have the potential to be developed as new drugs for the treatment of diabetes. FGF23 is also closely related to diabetes and its complications, which provides a new approach for regulating blood glucose and solving the problem of insulin tolerance. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS This article reviews the research progress on the physiology and pharmacology of fibroblast growth factor in the treatment of diabetes. We focus on the application of FGFs in diabetes care and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinai Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yaoqi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liuliu Bi
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhiying He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Renyi Peng
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Xu X, Liu Q, Li J, Xiao M, Gao T, Zhang X, Lu G, Wang J, Guo Y, Wen P, Gu J. Co-Treatment With Resveratrol and FGF1 Protects Against Acute Liver Toxicity After Doxorubicin Treatment via the AMPK/NRF2 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:940406. [PMID: 36110535 PMCID: PMC9468578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.940406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline type of chemotherapy, is an effective therapy for several types of cancer, but serious side effects, such as severe hepatotoxicity, limit its use currently. Accordingly, an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent DOX-related hepatotoxicity is urgently needed. Through the inhibition of oxidative stress, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) is an effect therapy for a variety of liver diseases, but its use is limited by an increased risk of tumorigenesis due to hyperproliferation. Resveratrol (RES), a natural product, inhibits the growth of many cancer cell lines, including liver, breast, and prostate cancer cells. Therefore, this study explored whether and how RES in combination with FGF1 can alleviate DOX-induced hepatotoxicity. The results showed that RES or FGF1 alone improved DOX-induced hepatic inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress, and these adverse effects were further attenuated after treatment with both RES and FGF1. Mechanistically, both in vivo and in vitro results showed that RES/FGF1 reduced oxidative stress and thereby alleviated liver injury by promoting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and subsequently upregulating expression of antioxidant proteins in an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. Together, our results not only demonstrate that co-treatment with RES and FGF1 significantly inhibited DOX-induced hepatic inflammation and apoptosis, but also that co-treatment with RES and FGF1 markedly suppressed DOX-induced hepatic oxidative stress, via targeting the AMPK/NRF2 pathway and subsequently ameliorating hepatic dysfunction. Thus, the combination of RES and FGF1 may provide a new therapeutic strategy for limiting DOX-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchou Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Liu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiahao Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Gao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangping Lu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peinan Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junlian Gu, ; Peinan Wen,
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Junlian Gu, ; Peinan Wen,
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Fibroblast Growth Factors and Cellular Communication Network Factors: Intimate Interplay by the Founding Members in Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158592. [PMID: 35955724 PMCID: PMC9369280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) constitute a large family of signaling molecules that act in an autocrine/paracrine, endocrine, or intracrine manner, whereas the cellular communication network factors (CCN) family is composed of six members that manipulate extracellular signaling networks. FGFs and CCNs are structurally and functionally distinct, except for the common characteristics as matricellular proteins. Both play significant roles in the development of a variety of tissues and organs, including the skeletal system. In vertebrates, most of the skeletal parts are formed and grow through a process designated endochondral ossification, in which chondrocytes play the central role. The growth plate cartilage is the place where endochondral ossification occurs, and articular cartilage is left to support the locomotive function of joints. Several FGFs, including FGF-2, one of the founding members of this family, and all of the CCNs represented by CCN2, which is required for proper skeletal development, can be found therein. Research over a decade has revealed direct binding of CCN2 to FGFs and FGF receptors (FGFRs), which occasionally affect the biological outcome via FGF signaling. Moreover, a recent study uncovered an integrated regulation of FGF and CCN genes by FGF signaling. In this review, after a brief introduction of these two families, molecular and genetic interactions between CCN and FGF family members in cartilage, and their biological effects, are summarized. The molecular interplay represents the mutual involvement of the other in their molecular functions, leading to collaboration between CCN2 and FGFs during skeletal development.
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20
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Nandakumar M, Moin ASM, Ramanjaneya M, Qaissi AA, Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL, Butler AE. Severe iatrogenic hypoglycaemia modulates the fibroblast growth factor protein response. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1483-1497. [PMID: 35415885 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is evidence that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) levels may be implicated in hypoglycaemia, with FGF19 being a potential contributor to insulin-independent pathways driving postprandial hypoglycaemia following bariatric surgery and basic FGF (FGF2) being elevated following mild hypoglycaemia occurring after the glucose tolerance test. However, their response following severe iatrogenic hypoglycaemia is unknown and therefore this pilot exploratory study was undertaken. METHODS A case-control study of aged-matched type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 23) and control (n = 23) subjects who underwent a hyperinsulinaemic clamp, initially to euglycaemia in T2D (5 mmol/L; 90 mg/dl), and then to hypoglycaemia (<2 mmol/L; <36 mg/dl) with subsequent follow-up time course to 24 h. FGF and FGF receptor proteins were determined by Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMA)-scan plasma protein measurement. RESULTS At baseline, FGF12 (p = .006) was higher and FGF20 (p = .004) was lower in T2D versus controls. At hypoglycaemia, FGF7 was lower in T2D. Post-hypoglycaemic levels of FGF18, FGF19, FGF20 and FGF23 were lower while FGF12 and FGF16 were higher in T2D versus control at different time points. No differences between T2D and controls were seen for FGF1, FGF2, FGF4, FGF6, FGF8, FGF9, FGF10, FGF21 or any of the FGF receptors. At 24 h post-hypoglycaemia, FGF20 (p = .01) differed between controls and T2D, while the levels for the other proteins measured returned to baseline. None of the FGF proteins altered from baseline to euglycaemia when clamped in T2D subjects. FGF23 negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose, but no FGFs correlated with body mass index in T2D. CONCLUSION Severe transient hypoglycaemia modulated FGF7, 16, 19, 20 and 23 (known to be associated with diabetes), together with FGF18 and 12, not previously reported to be associated with diabetes but that may be important in the pathophysiology of hypoglycaemia; FGF20 remained low at 24 h. Taken together, these data suggest that recurrent hypoglycaemia may contribute to the development of complications through changes in FGF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula Nandakumar
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Al Qaissi
- Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | | | - Stephen L Atkin
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Kingdom of Bahrain
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21
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Krzyscik MA, Opaliński Ł, Szymczyk J, Otlewski J. Cyclic and dimeric fibroblast growth factor 2 variants with high biomedical potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:243-258. [PMID: 35878661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a pleiotropic protein engaged in the regulation of key cellular processes in a wide spectrum of cells. FGF2 is an important object of basic research as well as a molecule used in regenerative medicine, in vitro cell culture maintenance, and as an anticancer drug carrier. However, the unsatisfactory stability and pleiotropic activities of the wild-type FGF2 largely limit its use as a medical product. To overcome these limitations, we have designed a set of FGF2-based macromolecules via sortase A-mediated cyclization and oligomerization. We obtained heparin-switchable FGF2 variants with enhanced stability and improved ability to stimulate cell proliferation and migration. We have shown that stimulation of glucose uptake by adipocytes is modulated by the architecture of FGF2 oligomers. Moreover, we used hyper-stable FGF2 variants for the construction of highly effective drug carriers for selective killing of FGFR1-overproducing cancer cells. The strategy for FGF2 engineering presented in this work provides novel insights into the design of growth factor variants for regenerative and anti-cancer precise medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz A Krzyscik
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Szymczyk
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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22
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Dabravolski SA, Sadykhov NK, Kartuesov AG, Borisov EE, Sukhorukov VN, Orekhov AN. The Role of Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147863. [PMID: 35887211 PMCID: PMC9321738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as the presence in diabetic patients of abnormal cardiac structure and performance (such as left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and arrhythmia) in the absence of other cardiac risk factors (such as hypertension or coronary artery disease). Although the pathogenesis of DCM remains unclear currently, mitochondrial structural and functional dysfunctions are recognised as a central player in the DCM development. In this review, we focus on the role of mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and mitophagy, Ca2+ metabolism and bioenergetics in the DCM development and progression. Based on the crucial role of mitochondria in DCM, application of mitochondria-targeting therapies could be effective strategies to slow down the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora Str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikolay K. Sadykhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.S.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Andrey G. Kartuesov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (N.K.S.); (A.G.K.)
| | - Evgeny E. Borisov
- Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 2, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.E.B.); (V.N.S.)
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 2, Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.E.B.); (V.N.S.)
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
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23
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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24
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Xu B, Li F, Zhang W, Su Y, Tang L, Li P, Joshi J, Yang A, Li D, Wang Z, Wang S, Xie J, Gu H, Zhu W. Identification of metabolic pathways underlying FGF1 and CHIR99021-mediated cardioprotection. iScience 2022; 25:104447. [PMID: 35707727 PMCID: PMC9189130 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death worldwide. We have previously identified two cardioprotective molecules — FGF1 and CHIR99021— that confer cardioprotection in mouse and pig models of acute myocardial infarction. Here, we aimed to determine if improved myocardial metabolism contributes to this cardioprotection. Nanofibers loaded with FGF1 and CHIR99021 were intramyocardially injected to ischemic myocardium of adult mice immediately following surgically induced myocardial infarction. Animals were euthanized 3 and 7 days later. Our data suggested that FGF1/CHIR99021 nanofibers enhanced the heart’s capacity to utilize glycolysis as an energy source and reduced the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids in ischemic myocardium. The impact of FGF1/CHIR99021 on metabolism was more obvious in the first three days post myocardial infarction. Taken together, these findings suggest that FGF1/CHIR99021 protects the heart against ischemic injury via improving myocardial metabolism which may be exploited for treatment of acute myocardial infarction in humans. FGF1/CHIR confer cardioprotection in myocardial infarction animals FGF1/CHIR enhance the capability of ischemic hearts to produce energy via glycolysis FGF1/CHIR reduce the abundance of branched chain amino acids in ischemic hearts This study reveals a novel approach to correct metabolic disorders in ischemic hearts
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259.,Department of Cardiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259.,Department of Kinesiology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Center for Translational Science, Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.,College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259
| | - Pengsheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259
| | - Jyotsna Joshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259
| | - Aaron Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA.,College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, USA 85259
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25
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Gasser E, Sancar G, Downes M, Evans RM. Metabolic Messengers: fibroblast growth factor 1. Nat Metab 2022; 4:663-671. [PMID: 35681108 PMCID: PMC9624216 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1 is expressed in multiple tissues, only adipose-derived and brain FGF1 have been implicated in the regulation of metabolism. Adipose FGF1 production is upregulated in response to dietary stress and is essential for adipose tissue plasticity in these conditions. Similarly, in the brain, FGF1 secretion into the ventricular space and the adjacent parenchyma is increased after a hypercaloric challenge induced by either feeding or glucose infusion. Potent anorexigenic properties have been ascribed to both peripheral and centrally injected FGF1. The ability of recombinant FGF1 and variants with reduced mitogenicity to lower glucose, suppress adipose lipolysis and promote insulin sensitization elevates their potential as candidates in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated comorbidities. Here, we provide an overview of the known metabolic functions of endogenous FGF1 and discuss its therapeutic potential, distinguishing between peripherally or centrally administered FGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Gasser
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gencer Sancar
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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26
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Perens J, Hecksher-Sørensen J. Digital Brain Maps and Virtual Neuroscience: An Emerging Role for Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy in Drug Development. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:866884. [PMID: 35516798 PMCID: PMC9067159 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.866884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain is by far the most advanced organ to have evolved and the underlying biology is extremely complex. However, with aging populations and sedentary lifestyles, the prevalence of neurological disorders is increasing around the world. Consequently, there is a dire need for technologies that can help researchers to better understand the complexity of the brain and thereby accelerate therapies for diseases with origin in the central nervous system. One such technology is light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) which in combination with whole organ immunolabelling has made it possible to visualize an intact mouse brain with single cell resolution. However, the price for this level of detail comes in form of enormous datasets that often challenges extraction of quantitative information. One approach for analyzing whole brain data is to align the scanned brains to a reference brain atlas. Having a fixed spatial reference provides each voxel of the sample brains with x-, y-, z-coordinates from which it is possible to obtain anatomical information on the observed fluorescence signal. An additional and important benefit of aligning light sheet data to a reference brain is that the aligned data provides a digital map of gene expression or cell counts which can be deposited in databases or shared with other scientists. This review focuses on the emerging field of virtual neuroscience using digital brain maps and discusses some of challenges incurred when registering LSFM recorded data to a standardized brain template.
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27
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Fan M, Pan T, Jin W, Sun J, Zhang S, Du Y, Chen X, Chen Q, Xu W, Choo SW, Zhu G, Chen Y, Zhou J. FGF4, A New Potential Regulator in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:827617. [PMID: 35317005 PMCID: PMC8934430 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.827617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, however the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study was to find efficient regulator of FGFs in response to the pathogenesis of GDM and explore the role of the FGFs in GDM.Methods: We performed a systematic screening of placental FGFs in GDM patients and further in two different GDM mouse models to investigate their expression changes. Significant changed FGF4 was selected, engineered, purified, and used to treat GDM mice in order to examine whether it can regulate the adverse metabolic phenotypes of the diabetic mice and protect their fetus.Results: We found FGF4 expression was elevated in GDM patients and its level was positively correlated to blood glucose, indicating a physiological relevance of FGF4 with respect to the development of GDM. Recombinant FGF4 (rFGF4) treatment could effectively normalize the adverse metabolic phenotypes in high fat diet induced GDM mice but not in STZ induced GDM mice. However, rFGF4 was highly effective in reduce of neural tube defects (NTDs) of embryos in both the two GDM models. Mechanistically, rFGF4 treatment inhibits pro-inflammatory signaling cascades and neuroepithelial cell apoptosis of both GDM models, which was independent of glucose regulation.Conclusions/interpretation: Our study provides novel insight into the important roles of placental FGF4 and suggests that it may serve as a promising diagnostic factor and therapeutic target for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaojuan Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Baoji Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Tongtong Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yali Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siew Woh Choo
- College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Zhu, ; Yongping Chen, ; Jie Zhou,
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Zhu, ; Yongping Chen, ; Jie Zhou,
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Zhejiang Provincial Key laboratory of Liver Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Zhu, ; Yongping Chen, ; Jie Zhou,
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28
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Mohale M, Gundampati RK, Thallapuranam S, Heyes CD. Site-specific labeling and functional efficiencies of human fibroblast growth Factor-1 with a range of fluorescent dyes in the flexible N-Terminal region and a rigid β-turn region. Anal Biochem 2021; 640:114524. [PMID: 34933004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Human fibroblast growth factor 1 (hFGF1) binding to its receptor and heparin play critical roles in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and wound healing but is also implicated in cancer. Fluorescence imaging is a powerful approach to study such protein interactions, but it is not always obvious if the site chosen will be efficiently labeled, often relying on trial-and-error. To provide a more systematic approach towards an efficient site-specific labeling strategy, we labeled two structurally distinct regions of the protein - the flexible N-terminus and a rigid loop. Several dyes were chosen to cover the visible region and to investigate how the structure of the dye affects the labeling efficiency. Flexibility in either the protein labeling site or the dye structure was found to result in high labeling efficiency, but flexibility in both resulted in a significant decrease in labeling efficiency. Conversely, too much rigidity in both can result in dye-protein interactions that can aggregate the protein. Importantly, site-specifically labeling hFGF1 in these regions maintained biological activity. These results could be applicable to other proteins by considering the flexibility of both the protein labeling site and the dye structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamello Mohale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 345 N. Campus Drive, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Ravi Kumar Gundampati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 345 N. Campus Drive, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Suresh Thallapuranam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 345 N. Campus Drive, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Colin D Heyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 345 N. Campus Drive, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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29
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Pan Y, Wang Q, Zhao F, Shen J, Zhong X. Effect of Continuous Subcutaneous Injection of Insulin Analogues in Pregnant Women with Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Ketoacidosis. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:8670474. [PMID: 34956580 PMCID: PMC8694999 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8670474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical effect of continuous subcutaneous injection of insulin analogues in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus complicated with ketoacidosis. METHODS A total of 92 pregnant patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with ketoacidosis from June 2014 to January 2021 were selected. All patients were randomly divided into an observation group and control group according to the method of random number. The control group received intravenous infusion of insulin, and the observation group received continuous subcutaneous infusion of quick-acting insulin analogues. The clinical effects of the two groups were observed. RESULTS The time needed to control blood glucose <13.8 mmol/L, the amount of insulin needed to control blood glucose <13.8 mmol/L, the time needed to correct DKA, and the amount of insulin needed to correct DKA in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the average occurrence times of hypoglycemia, the length of stay, the total amount of insulin in hospital, and the total amount of insulin used during pregnancy in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The values of SCr, CRP, BUN, arterial blood gas pH, and adiponectin in the two groups were significantly improved as compared with those before treatment, and the improvement in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, carbon dioxide binding capacity, and glycosylated hemoglobin in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the routine group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Continuous subcutaneous injection of insulin analogues is effective in the treatment of diabetic patients with ketoacidosis, which can effectively improve blood glucose, carbon dioxide binding capacity, and glycosylated hemoglobin and accelerate the negative conversion of urinary ketone body. It is worth popularizing to reduce the occurrence of hypoglycemia and the dose of insulin and shorten the time of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Pan
- General Medicine Department, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Infectious Disease Department, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Feimin Zhao
- General Medicine Department, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Shen
- General Medicine Department, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhong
- Endocrinology Department, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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30
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Ying L, Wang L, Guo K, Hou Y, Li N, Wang S, Liu X, Zhao Q, Zhou J, Zhao L, Niu J, Chen C, Song L, Hou S, Kong L, Li X, Ren J, Li P, Mohammadi M, Huang Z. Paracrine FGFs target skeletal muscle to exert potent anti-hyperglycemic effects. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7256. [PMID: 34907199 PMCID: PMC8671394 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several members of the FGF family have been identified as potential regulators of glucose homeostasis. We previously reported that a low threshold of FGF-induced FGF receptor 1c (FGFR1c) dimerization and activity is sufficient to evoke a glucose lowering activity. We therefore reasoned that ligand identity may not matter, and that besides paracrine FGF1 and endocrine FGF21, other cognate paracrine FGFs of FGFR1c might possess such activity. Indeed, via a side-by-side testing of multiple cognate FGFs of FGFR1c in diabetic mice we identified the paracrine FGF4 as a potent anti-hyperglycemic FGF. Importantly, we found that like FGF1, the paracrine FGF4 is also more efficacious than endocrine FGF21 in lowering blood glucose. We show that paracrine FGF4 and FGF1 exert their superior glycemic control by targeting skeletal muscle, which expresses copious FGFR1c but lacks β-klotho (KLB), an obligatory FGF21 co-receptor. Mechanistically, both FGF4 and FGF1 upregulate GLUT4 cell surface abundance in skeletal muscle in an AMPKα-dependent but insulin-independent manner. Chronic treatment with rFGF4 improves insulin resistance and suppresses adipose macrophage infiltration and inflammation. Notably, unlike FGF1 (a pan-FGFR ligand), FGF4, which has more restricted FGFR1c binding specificity, has no apparent effect on food intake. The potent anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory properties of FGF4 testify to its promising potential for use in the treatment of T2D and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Kaiwen Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yushu Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qijin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Longwei Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jianlou Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Chuchu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Lintao Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shaocong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lijuan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China. .,CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Moosa Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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31
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Stranahan AM. Visceral adiposity, inflammation, and hippocampal function in obesity. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108920. [PMID: 34902347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 'apple-shaped' anatomical pattern that accompanies visceral adiposity increases risk for multiple chronic diseases, including conditions that impact the brain, such as diabetes and hypertension. However, distinguishing between the consequences of visceral obesity, as opposed to visceral adiposity-associated metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies, presents certain challenges. This review summarizes current literature on relationships between adipose tissue distribution and cognition in preclinical models and highlights unanswered questions surrounding the potential role of tissue- and cell type-specific insulin resistance in these effects. While gaps in knowledge persist related to insulin insensitivity and cognitive impairment in obesity, several recent studies suggest that cells of the neurovascular unit contribute to hippocampal synaptic dysfunction, and this review interprets those findings in the context of progressive metabolic dysfunction in the CNS. Signalling between cerebrovascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons has been linked with memory deficits in visceral obesity, and this article describes the cellular changes in each of these populations with respect to their role in amplification or diminution of peripheral signals. The picture emerging from these studies, while incomplete, implicates pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia in various stages of obesity-induced hippocampal dysfunction. As in the parable of the five blind wanderers holding different parts of an elephant, considerable work remains in order to assemble a model for the underlying mechanisms linking visceral adiposity with age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1462 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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32
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Deng J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li W, Nie X. The Multiple Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5273-5290. [PMID: 34703268 PMCID: PMC8524061 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s334996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication in the late stages of diabetes. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of DN are not well understood. Even so, available evidence shows its development is associated with metabolism, oxidative stress, cytokine interaction, genetic factors, and renal microvascular disease. Diabetic nephropathy can lead to proteinuria, edema and hypertension, among other complications. In severe cases, it can cause life-threatening complications such as renal failure. Patients with type 1 diabetes, hypertension, high protein intake, and smokers have a higher risk of developing DN. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulates several human processes essential for normal development. Even though FGF has been implicated in the pathological development of DN, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This review summarizes the role of FGF in the development of DN. Moreover, the association of FGF with metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis in the context of DN is discussed. Findings of this review are expected to deepen our understanding of DN and generate ideas for developing effective prevention and treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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33
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He J, Xie P, Ouyang J. Circ_0122396 Protects Human Lens Epithelial Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Injury by Binding to miR-15a-5p to Stimulate FGF1 Expression. Curr Eye Res 2021; 47:246-255. [PMID: 34486899 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1978100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular_0122396 (circ_0122396) has been reported to be downregulated in age-related cataract (ARC); however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The study aimed to reveal the role of circ_0122396 in ARC progression and underneath mechanism. METHODS Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was employed to induce lens epithelial cells (SRA01/04) injury. The RNA expression of circ_0122396, microRNA-15a-5p (miR-15a-5p) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was checked by western blot. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 5-Ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Oxidative stress was evaluated by superoxide dismutase and catalase activity assay kits and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde assay kit. Online databases and mechanism assays were used to predict and identify the relationship between miR-15a-5p and circ_0122396 or FGF1. RESULTS Circ_0122396 and FGF1 expression were significantly downregulated, but miR-15a-5p expression was upregulated in ARC tissues or/and H2O2-treated SRA01/04 cells in comparison with control groups. H2O2 treatment repressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, which was attenuated after circ_0122396 overexpression. MiR-15a-5p, a target mRNA of circ_0122396, was found to participate in H2O2-triggered cell damage by interacting with circ_0122396. Additionally, FGF1 silencing attenuated miR-15a-5p inhibitors-mediated action. Importantly, circ_0122396 regulated FGF1 expression by interaction with miR-15a-5p in H2O2-treated SRA01/04 cells. CONCLUSION Circ_0122396 ameliorated H2O2-triggered cell injury by inducing FGF1 through sponging miR-15a-5p, providing a potential target for ARC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Provincial, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Provincial, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Provincial, China
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34
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Nauck MA, Wefers J, Meier JJ. Treatment of type 2 diabetes: challenges, hopes, and anticipated successes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:525-544. [PMID: 34181914 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the successful development of new therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, the search for novel treatment options that can provide better glycaemic control and at reduce complications is a continuous effort. The present Review aims to present an overview of novel targets and mechanisms and focuses on glucose-lowering effects guiding this search and developments. We discuss not only novel developments of insulin therapy (eg, so-called smart insulin preparation with a glucose-dependent mode of action), but also a group of drug classes for which extensive research efforts have not been rewarded with obvious clinical impact. We discuss the potential clinical use of the salutary adipokine adiponectin and the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, among others. A GLP-1 peptide receptor agonist (semaglutide) is now available for oral absorption, and small molecules activating GLP-1 receptors appear on the horizon. Bariatric surgery and its accompanying changes in the gut hormonal milieu offer a background for unimolecular peptides interacting with two or more receptors (for GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon, and peptide YY) and provide more substantial glycaemic control and bodyweight reduction compared with selective GLP-1 receptor agonists. These and additional approaches will help expand the toolbox of effective medications needed for optimising the treatment of well delineated subgroups of type 2 diabetes or help develop personalised approaches for glucose-lowering drugs based on individual characteristics of our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Nauck
- Diabetes Division, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jakob Wefers
- Diabetes Division, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Juris J Meier
- Diabetes Division, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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35
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Wei Q, Dong Y, Sun G, Wang X, Wu X, Gao X, Sha W, Yang G, Zhang H. FGF gene family characterization provides insights into its adaptive evolution in Carnivora. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9837-9847. [PMID: 34306666 PMCID: PMC8293770 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) encoded by the FGF gene family can regulate development and physiology in animals. However, their evolutionary characteristics in Carnivora are largely unknown. In this study, we identified 660 sequences of three types of FGF genes from 30 unannotated genomes of Carnivora animals (before 7th May 2020), and the FGF genes from 52 Carnivora species were analyzed through the method of comparative genomics. Phylogenetic and selective pressure analyses were carried out based on the FGF genes of these 52 Carnivora species. The phylogenetic analysis results demonstrated that the FGF gene family was divided into 10 subfamilies and that FGF5 formed one clade rather than belonging to the subfamilies of FGF4 and FGF6. The evolutionary analysis results showed that the FGF genes were prominently subjected to purifying selection and were highly conserved in the process of Carnivora evolution. We also carried out phylogenetic comparative analyses, which indicated that the habitat was one of the factors that shaped the evolution of Carnivora FGF genes. The FGF1 and FGF6 genes were positively selected in the Carnivora animals, and positive selection signals were detected for the FGF19 gene in semiaquatic Carnivora animals. In summary, we clarified the phylogenetic and evolutionary characteristics of Carnivora FGF genes and provided valuable data for future studies on evolutionary characterization of Carnivora animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinguo Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and BiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Yuehuan Dong
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Guolei Sun
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Xibao Wang
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Weilai Sha
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
| | - Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and BiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Honghai Zhang
- College of Life SciencesQufu Normal UniversityQufuChina
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36
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Wang D, Zhao T, Zhao Y, Yin Y, Huang Y, Cheng Z, Wang B, Liu S, Pan M, Sun D, Wang Z, Zhu G. PPARγ Mediates the Anti-Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Effects of FGF1 ΔHBS in Chronic Kidney Diseases via Inhibition of TGF-β1/SMAD3 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690535. [PMID: 34149434 PMCID: PMC8209477 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are essential components of the glomerular basement membrane. Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) in podocytes results in proteinuria. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) protects renal function against diabetic nephropathy (DN). In the present study, we showed that treatment with an FGF1 variant with decreased mitogenic potency (FGF1ΔHBS) inhibited podocyte EMT, depletion, renal fibrosis, and preserved renal function in two nephropathy models. Mechanistic studies revealed that the inhibitory effects of FGF1ΔHBS podocyte EMT were mediated by decreased expression of transforming growth factor β1 via upregulation of PPARγ. FGF1ΔHBS enhanced the interaction between PPARγ and SMAD3 and suppressed SMAD3 nuclei translocation. We found that the anti-EMT activities of FGF1ΔHBS were independent of glucose-lowering effects. These findings expand the potential uses of FGF1ΔHBS in the treatment of diseases associated with EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhong Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences and Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianyang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yushuo Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sidan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minling Pan
- Institute of Life Sciences and Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Difei Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences and Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zengshou Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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37
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Zhao Y, Ye S, Lin J, Liang F, Chen J, Hu J, Chen K, Fang Y, Chen X, Xiong Y, Lin L, Tan X. NmFGF1-Regulated Glucolipid Metabolism and Angiogenesis Improves Functional Recovery in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Stroke and Acts via the AMPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680351. [PMID: 34025437 PMCID: PMC8139577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk of stroke, exacerbates neurological deficits, and increases mortality. Non-mitogenic fibroblast growth factor 1 (nmFGF1) is a powerful neuroprotective factor that is also regarded as a metabolic regulator. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nmFGF1 on the improvement of functional recovery in a mouse model of type 2 diabetic (T2D) stroke. We established a mouse model of T2D stroke by photothrombosis in mice that were fed a high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin (STZ). We found that nmFGF1 reduced the size of the infarct and attenuated neurobehavioral deficits in our mouse model of T2D stroke. Angiogenesis plays an important role in neuronal survival and functional recovery post-stroke. NmFGF1 promoted angiogenesis in the mouse model of T2D stroke. Furthermore, nmFGF1 reversed the reduction of tube formation and migration in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) cultured in high glucose conditions and treated with oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD). Amp-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a critical role in the regulation of angiogenesis. Interestingly, we found that nmFGF1 increased the protein expression of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) both in vivo and in vitro. We found that nmFGF1 promoted tube formation and migration and that this effect was further enhanced by an AMPK agonist (A-769662). In contrast, these processes were inhibited by the application of an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) or siRNA targeting AMPK. Furthermore, nmFGF1 ameliorated neuronal loss in diabetic stroke mice via AMPK-mediated angiogenesis. In addition, nmFGF1 ameliorated glucose and lipid metabolic disorders in our mouse model of T2D stroke without causing significant changes in body weight. These results revealed that nmFGF1-regulated glucolipid metabolism and angiogenesis play a key role in the improvement of functional recovery in a mouse model of T2D stroke and that these effects are mediated by the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeli Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shasha Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fei Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yani Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiongjian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ye Xiong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Research Units of Clinical Translation of Cell Growth Factors and Diseases Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianxi Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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38
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Li C, Deng C, Zhou T, Hu J, Dai B, Yi F, Tian N, Jiang L, Dong X, Zhu Q, Zhang S, Cui H, Cao L, Shang Y. MicroRNA-370 carried by M2 macrophage-derived exosomes alleviates asthma progression through inhibiting the FGF1/MAPK/STAT1 axis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1795-1807. [PMID: 33994863 PMCID: PMC8120458 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested the functions of exosomes in allergic diseases including asthma. By using a mouse model with asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA), we explored the roles of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2Φ-Exos) in asthma progression. M2Φ-Exos significantly alleviated OVA-induced fibrosis and inflammatory responses in mouse lung tissues, as well as inhibited abnormal proliferation, invasion, and fibrosis-related protein production in platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) treated primary mouse airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). The OVA administration in mice or the PDGF-BB treatment in ASMCs reduced the expression of miR-370, which was detected in M2Φ-Exos by miRNA sequencing. However, treating the mice or ASMCs with M2Φ-Exos reversed the inhibitory effect of OVA or PDGF-BB on miR-370 expression. We identified that the target of miR-370 was fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1). Downregulation of miR-370 by Lv-miR-370 inhibitor or overexpression of FGF1 by Lv-FGF1 blocked the protective roles of M2Φ-Exos in asthma-like mouse and cell models. M2Φ-Exos were found to inactivate the MAPK signaling pathway, which was recovered by miR-370 inhibition or FGF1 overexpression. Collectively, we conclude that M2Φ-Exos carry miR-370 to alleviate asthma progression through downregulating FGF1 expression and the MAPK/STAT1 signaling pathway. Our study may offer a novel insight into asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chengsi Deng
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jiapeng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Bing Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Fei Yi
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Na Tian
- Jilin Tuohua Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Changchun, Jilin 13000, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Jilin Tuohua Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Changchun, Jilin 13000, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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39
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Zhang X, Wang Z, Zeng Z, Shen N, Wang B, Zhang Y, Shen H, Lu W, Wei R, Ma W, Wang C. Bioinformatic analysis identifying FGF1 gene as a new prognostic indicator in clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:222. [PMID: 33865387 PMCID: PMC8052755 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been the commonest renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although the disease classification, diagnosis and targeted therapy of RCC has been increasingly evolving attributing to the rapid development of current molecular pathology, the current clinical treatment situation is still challenging considering the comprehensive and progressively developing nature of malignant cancer. The study is to identify more potential responsible genes during the development of ccRCC using bioinformatic analysis, thus aiding more precise interpretation of the disease METHODS: Firstly, different cDNA expression profiles from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) online database were used to screen the abnormal differently expressed genes (DEGs) between ccRCC and normal renal tissues. Then, based on the protein-protein interaction network (PPI) of all DEGs, the module analysis was performed to scale down the potential genes, and further survival analysis assisted our proceeding to the next step for selecting a credible key gene. Thirdly, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) were conducted to validate the expression change of the key gene in ccRCC comparing to normal tissues, meanwhile the prognostic value was verified using TCGA clinical data. Lastly, the potential biological function of the gene and signaling mechanism of gene regulating ccRCC development was preliminary explored. RESULTS Four cDNA expression profiles were picked from GEO database based on the number of containing sample cases, and a total of 192 DEGs, including 39 up-regulated and 153 down-regulated genes were shared in four profiles. Based on the DEGs PPI network, four function modules were identified highlighting a FGF1 gene involving PI3K-AKT signaling pathway which was shared in 3/4 modules. Further, both the IHC performed with ccRCC tissue microarray which contained 104 local samples and QPCR conducted using 30 different samples confirmed that FGF1 was aberrant lost in ccRCC. And Kaplan-Meier overall survival analysis revealed that FGF1 gene loss was related to worse ccRCC patients survival. Lastly, the pathological clinical features of FGF1 gene and the probable biological functions and signaling pathways it involved were analyzed using TCGA clinical data. CONCLUSIONS Using bioinformatic analysis, we revealed that FGF1 expression was aberrant lost in ccRCC which statistical significantly correlated with patients overall survival, and the gene's clinical features and potential biological functions were also explored. However, more detailed experiments and clinical trials are needed to support its potential drug-target role in clinical medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, ShanXi Province, No.382 WuYi Road, Tai Yuan, 030000, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College of ShanXi Medical University, ShanXi Province, Tai Yuan, China
| | - Zixin Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College of ShanXi Medical University, ShanXi Province, Tai Yuan, China
| | - Ningning Shen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, ShanXi Province, No.382 WuYi Road, Tai Yuan, 030000, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College of ShanXi Medical University, ShanXi Province, Tai Yuan, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College of ShanXi Medical University, ShanXi Province, Tai Yuan, China
| | - Honghong Shen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, ShanXi Province, No.382 WuYi Road, Tai Yuan, 030000, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College of ShanXi Medical University, ShanXi Province, Tai Yuan, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, ShanXi Province, No.382 WuYi Road, Tai Yuan, 030000, China
| | - Wenxia Ma
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, ShanXi Province, No.382 WuYi Road, Tai Yuan, 030000, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, ShanXi Province, No.382 WuYi Road, Tai Yuan, 030000, China.
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Guzmán-Ruiz MA, Jiménez A, Cárdenas-Rivera A, Guerrero-Vargas NN, Organista-Juárez D, Guevara-Guzmán R. Regulation of Metabolic Health by an "Olfactory-Hypothalamic Axis" and Its Possible Implications for the Development of Therapeutic Approaches for Obesity and T2D. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1727-1743. [PMID: 33813677 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory system is responsible for the reception, integration and interpretation of odors. However, in the last years, it has been discovered that the olfactory perception of food can rapidly modulate the activity of hypothalamic neurons involved in the regulation of energy balance. Conversely, the hormonal signals derived from changes in the metabolic status of the body can also change the sensitivity of the olfactory system, suggesting that the bidirectional relationship established between the olfactory and the hypothalamic systems is key for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. In the first part of this review, we describe the possible mechanisms and anatomical pathways involved in the modulation of energy balance regulated by the olfactory system. Hence, we propose a model to explain its implication in the maintenance of the metabolic homeostasis of the organism. In the second part, we discuss how the olfactory system could be involved in the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type two diabetes and, finally, we propose the use of intranasal therapies aimed to regulate and improve the activity of the olfactory system that in turn will be able to control the neuronal activity of hypothalamic centers to prevent or ameliorate metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Alaide Guzmán-Ruiz
- Laboratorio Sensorial, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Edificio A, 4º piso, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Adriana Jiménez
- Laboratorio Sensorial, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Edificio A, 4º piso, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfredo Cárdenas-Rivera
- Centro de Investigación en Bioingeniería, Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Lima, Perú
| | - Natalí N Guerrero-Vargas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Diana Organista-Juárez
- Laboratorio Sensorial, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Edificio A, 4º piso, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Laboratorio Sensorial, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Edificio A, 4º piso, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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Zheng P, Tang Z, Xiong J, Wang B, Xu J, Chen L, Cai S, Wu C, Ye L, Xu K, Chen Z, Wu Y, Xiao J. RAGE: A potential therapeutic target during FGF1 treatment of diabetes-mediated liver injury. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4776-4785. [PMID: 33788387 PMCID: PMC8107085 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a serious metabolic disease, diabetes causes series of complications that seriously endanger human health. The liver is a key organ for metabolizing glucose and lipids, which substantially contributes to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exogenous fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) has a great potential for the treatment of diabetes. Receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a receptor for advanced glycation end products that involved in the development of diabetes‐triggered complications. Previous study has demonstrated that FGF1 significantly ameliorates diabetes‐mediated liver damage (DMLD). However, whether RAGE is involved in this process is still unknown. In this study, we intraperitoneally injected db/db mice with 0.5 mg/kg FGF1. We confirmed that FGF1 treatment not only significantly ameliorates diabetes‐induced elevated apoptosis in the liver, but also attenuates diabetes‐induced inflammation, then contributes to ameliorate liver dysfunction. Moreover, we found that diabetes triggers the elevated RAGE in hepatocytes, and FGF1 treatment blocks it, suggesting that RAGE may be a key target during FGF1 treatment of diabetes‐induced liver injury. Thus, we further confirmed the role of RAGE in FGF1 treatment of AML12 cells under high glucose condition. We found that D‐ribose, a RAGE agonist, reverses the protective role of FGF1 in AML12 cells. These findings suggest that FGF1 ameliorates diabetes‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis and elevated inflammation via suppressing RAGE pathway. These results suggest that RAGE may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of DMLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zonghao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Beini Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shufang Cai
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Libing Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zimiao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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FGF1 ΔHBS prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress via AMPK/Nur77 suppression. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:133. [PMID: 33762571 PMCID: PMC7991671 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a classically known mitogen, fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) has been found to exert other pleiotropic functions such as metabolic regulation and myocardial protection. Here, we show that serum levels of FGF1 were decreased and positively correlated with fraction shortening in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients, indicating that FGF1 is a potential therapeutic target for DCM. We found that treatment with a FGF1 variant (FGF1∆HBS) with reduced proliferative potency prevented diabetes-induced cardiac injury and remodeling and restored cardiac function. RNA-Seq results obtained from the cardiac tissues of db/db mice showed significant increase in the expression levels of anti-oxidative genes and decrease of Nur77 by FGF1∆HBS treatment. Both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that FGF1∆HBS exerted these beneficial effects by markedly reducing mitochondrial fragmentation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cytochrome c leakage and enhancing mitochondrial respiration rate and β-oxidation in a 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Nur77-dependent manner, all of which were not observed in the AMPK null mice. The favorable metabolic activity and reduced proliferative properties of FGF1∆HBS testify to its promising potential for use in the treatment of DCM and other metabolic disorders.
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Chou PC, Choi HH, Huang Y, Fuentes-Mattei E, Velazquez-Torres G, Zhang F, Phan L, Lee J, Shi Y, Bankson JA, Wu Y, Wang H, Zhao R, Yeung SCJ, Lee MH. Impact of diabetes on promoting the growth of breast cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:414-431. [PMID: 33609419 PMCID: PMC8118590 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type II diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a significant risk factor for cancers, including breast cancer. However, a proper diabetic breast cancer mouse model is not well-established for treatment strategy design. Additionally, the precise diabetic signaling pathways that regulate cancer growth remain unresolved. In the present study, we established a suitable mouse model and demonstrated the pathogenic role of diabetes on breast cancer progression. METHODS We successfully generated a transgenic mouse model of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (Her2+ or ERBB2) breast cancer with DM2 by crossing leptin receptor mutant (Leprdb/+ ) mice with MMTV-ErbB2/neu) mice. The mouse models were administrated with antidiabetic drugs to assess the impacts of controlling DM2 in affecting tumor growth. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was employed to analyze the tumor metabolism. RESULTS Treatment with metformin/rosiglitazone in MMTV-ErbB2/Leprdb/db mouse model reduced serum insulin levels, prolonged overall survival, decreased cumulative tumor incidence, and inhibited tumor progression. Anti-insulin resistance medications also inhibited glycolytic metabolism in tumors in vivo as indicated by the reduced metabolic flux of hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate-to-lactate reaction. The tumor cells from MMTV-ErbB2/Leprdb/db transgenic mice treated with metformin had reprogrammed metabolism by reducing levels of both oxygen consumption and lactate production. Metformin decreased the expression of Myc and pyruvate kinase isozyme 2 (PKM2), leading to metabolism reprogramming. Moreover, metformin attenuated the mTOR/AKT signaling pathway and altered adipokine profiles. CONCLUSIONS MMTV-ErbB2/Leprdb/db mouse model was able to recapitulate diabetic HER2+ human breast cancer. Additionally, our results defined the signaling pathways deregulated in HER2+ breast cancer under diabetic condition, which can be intervened by anti-insulin resistance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chieh Chou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hyun Ho Choi
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510020, P. R. China.,Research Institute of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510020, P. R. China
| | - Yizhi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510020, P. R. China.,Research Institute of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510020, P. R. China
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guermarie Velazquez-Torres
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fanmao Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liem Phan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Lee
- Department of Imaging Physics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanxia Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510020, P. R. China.,Research Institute of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510020, P. R. China
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Agrawal S, Maity S, AlRaawi Z, Al-Ameer M, Kumar TKS. Targeting Drugs Against Fibroblast Growth Factor(s)-Induced Cell Signaling. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:214-240. [PMID: 33045958 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201012201926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is comprised of 23 highly regulated monomeric proteins that regulate a plethora of developmental and pathophysiological processes, including tissue repair, wound healing, angiogenesis, and embryonic development. Binding of FGF to fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), a tyrosine kinase receptor, is facilitated by a glycosaminoglycan, heparin. Activated FGFRs phosphorylate the tyrosine kinase residues that mediate induction of downstream signaling pathways, such as RAS-MAPK, PI3K-AKT, PLCγ, and STAT. Dysregulation of the FGF/FGFR signaling occurs frequently in cancer due to gene amplification, FGF activating mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, integration, and oncogenic fusions. Aberrant FGFR signaling also affects organogenesis, embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and has been associated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cancer, and other pathophysiological changes. OBJECTIVE This comprehensive review will discuss the biology, chemistry, and functions of FGFs, and its current applications toward wound healing, diabetes, repair and regeneration of tissues, and fatty liver diseases. In addition, specific aberrations in FGFR signaling and drugs that target FGFR and aid in mitigating various disorders, such as cancer, are also discussed in detail. CONCLUSION Inhibitors of FGFR signaling are promising drugs in the treatment of several types of cancers. The clinical benefits of FGF/FGFR targeting therapies are impeded due to the activation of other RTK signaling mechanisms or due to the mutations that abolish the drug inhibitory activity on FGFR. Thus, the development of drugs with a different mechanism of action for FGF/FGFR targeting therapies is the recent focus of several preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Agrawal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Sanhita Maity
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Zeina AlRaawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Musaab Al-Ameer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
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Bipartite regulation of cellular communication network factor 2 and fibroblast growth factor 1 genes by fibroblast growth factor 1 through histone deacetylase 1 and fork head box protein A1. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:81-91. [PMID: 33398720 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) is the first FGF family member, and it induces proliferation of fibroblasts and other types of the cells. However, recent studies are uncovering unexpected functions of this molecule. Our previous study redefined this growth factor as a catabolic molecule produced in cartilage upon metabolic insult. Indeed, FGF-1 was found to repress the gene expression of cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2), which protects and regenerates cartilage, amplifying its own production through positive feedback regulation. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of this bipartite CCN2 repression and FGF1 activation by FGF-1 in chondrocytes. Repression of CCN2 and induction of FGF1 in human chondrocytic cells were both partly abolished by valproic acid, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), indicating the involvement of chromatin remodeling by histone acetylation in this system. In contrast, RNA degradation analysis suggested no contribution of post-transcriptional regulation of the mRNA stability to the effects conferred by FGF-1. Suspecting a regulation by a specific transcription factor, we next sought a candidate in silico from a large dataset. As a result, we found fork head box protein A1 (FOXA1) as the transcription factor that bound to both CCN2 and FGF1 loci. Functional analysis demonstrated that FOXA1 silencing significantly attenuated the CCN2 repression and FGF1 induction caused by FGF1. These findings collectively indicate that the bipartite regulation by FGF-1 is enabled by the combination of chromatin remodeling by HDACs and transcriptional modulation by FOXA1 with unknown transcriptional coactivators of opposite functionalities.
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Roberts BL, Kim EJ, Lindsley SR, Tennant KG, Kievit P. Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 Activates Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus and Dorsal Vagal Complex. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:772909. [PMID: 34987476 PMCID: PMC8720974 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.772909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central administration of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF1) results in long-lasting resolution of hyperglycemia in various rodent models, but the pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms mediating the central effects of FGF1 are unknown. Here we utilize electrophysiology recordings from neuronal populations in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and area postrema (AP) to investigate the mechanisms underlying FGF1 actions. While FGF1 did not alter membrane potential in ARH-NPY-GFP neurons, it reversibly depolarized 83% of ARH-POMC-EGFP neurons and decreased the frequency of inhibitory inputs onto ARH-POMC-EGFP neurons. This depolarizing effect persisted in the presence of FGF receptor (R) blocker FIIN1, but was blocked by pretreatment with the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX). Non-FGF1 subfamilies can activate vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR). Surprisingly, the VEGFR inhibitors axitinib and BMS605541 blocked FGF1 effects on ARH-POMC-EGFP neurons. We also demonstrate that FGF1 induces c-Fos in the dorsal vagal complex, activates NTS-NPY-GFP neurons through a FGFR mediated pathway, and requires VGSCs to activate AP neurons. We conclude that FGF1 acts in multiple brain regions independent of FGFRs. These studies present anatomical and mechanistic pathways for the future investigation of the pharmacological and physiological role of FGF1 in metabolic processes.
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Li R, Li DH, Zhang HY, Wang J, Li XK, Xiao J. Growth factors-based therapeutic strategies and their underlying signaling mechanisms for peripheral nerve regeneration. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1289-1300. [PMID: 32123299 PMCID: PMC7608263 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI), one of the most common concerns following trauma, can result in a significant loss of sensory or motor function. Restoration of the injured nerves requires a complex cellular and molecular response to rebuild the functional axons so that they can accurately connect with their original targets. However, there is no optimized therapy for complete recovery after PNI. Supplementation with exogenous growth factors (GFs) is an emerging and versatile therapeutic strategy for promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. GFs activate the downstream targets of various signaling cascades through binding with their corresponding receptors to exert their multiple effects on neurorestoration and tissue regeneration. However, the simple administration of GFs is insufficient for reconstructing PNI due to their short half‑life and rapid deactivation in body fluids. To overcome these shortcomings, several nerve conduits derived from biological tissue or synthetic materials have been developed. Their good biocompatibility and biofunctionality made them a suitable vehicle for the delivery of multiple GFs to support peripheral nerve regeneration. After repairing nerve defects, the controlled release of GFs from the conduit structures is able to continuously improve axonal regeneration and functional outcome. Thus, therapies with growth factor (GF) delivery systems have received increasing attention in recent years. Here, we mainly review the therapeutic capacity of GFs and their incorporation into nerve guides for repairing PNI. In addition, the possible receptors and signaling mechanisms of the GF family exerting their biological effects are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Duo-Hui Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Department of Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou, Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Li C, Dai B, Hu J, Shang Y. WITHDRAWN: M2 macrophage-derived exosomes carry microRNA-370 to alleviate asthma progression through inhibiting the FGF1/MAPK/STAT1 axis. Exp Cell Res 2020:112285. [PMID: 32941809 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Bing Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jiapeng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, P.R. China
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AHNAK2 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Cell Migration in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8571932. [PMID: 32904605 PMCID: PMC7456490 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8571932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), as the main subtype of lung cancer, is one of the common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The AHNAK family is correlated with cell structure and migration, cardiac calcium channel signaling, and tumor metastasis. Previous studies showed AHNAK2 could promote tumor progression and cell migration in melanoma and renal clear cell carcinoma. However, the role of AHNAK2 in LUAD remains unknown. Methods We examined the levels of AHNAK2 in pathological specimens and the database of Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium-Lung adenocarcinoma (CPTAC-LUAD), The Cancer Genome Atlas-Lung Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD), Gene Expression Omnibus dataset (GSE72094, GSE26939), and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) of lung tissue samples. Univariate Cox regression, multivariate Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed to reveal the relationship between AHNAK2 and prognosis. A nomogram was constructed to predict 2- or 3-year overall survival and validated via calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to explore the functional role of AHNAK2 in lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, by transfecting siRNA, we examined the regulatory effect of AHNAK2 on cell migration. Results The expression of AHNAK2 was upregulated in tumor samples and correlated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients. Nomogram with AHNAK2 and clinical parameters showed a good prediction in overall survival (OS), especially the 2-year OS. In addition, functional analyses and wound healing assay suggested that AHNAK2 might be involved in the regulation of migration in LUAD. Conclusion In summary, our study showed that AHNAK2 might be a novel biomarker in LUAD and revealed the potential mechanism of AHNAK2 in LUAD progression which could provide new insights for target therapy.
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Kolodziejski PA, Sassek M, Bien J, Leciejewska N, Szczepankiewicz D, Szczepaniak B, Wojciechowska M, Nogowski L, Nowak KW, Strowski MZ, Pruszynska-Oszmalek E. FGF-1 modulates pancreatic β-cell functions/metabolism: An in vitro study. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 294:113498. [PMID: 32360543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1), also known as acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the Fgf1 gene. Previous studies have shown that FGF-1 may also participate in the regulation of glucose metabolism, both in healthy organisms and in pathological conditions such as diabetes. Because insulin the main regulator of glucose metabolism is secreted from pancreatic beta cells, we investigated whether FGF-1 directly affects the secretion of this hormone and regulates the metabolism of beta cells and isolated pancreatic islets. By using insulin-producing INS-1E cells and isolated pancreatic islets, we investigated the effect of FGF-1 on cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis, and insulin expression and secretion. Our study showed that FGF1 and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FgfRs: FgfR1, FgfR2, FgfR3, and FgfR4) are present on mRNA level in INS-1E cells and isolated rat pancreatic islets. We also proved that FGF1 stimulates the proliferation of INS-1E beta cells and enhances the viability of these cells and that of isolated pancreatic islet cells, and that ERK1/2 kinase is involved in the regulation of INS-1E cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that FGF1 can stimulate insulin secretion from both INS-1E cells and isolated rat pancreatic islets. Thus, the FGF1 peptide increases cell survival and decreases cell death. The obtained results indicate that FGF1 may play a role in controlling the physiology and metabolism of pancreatic beta cells as well as glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel A Kolodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska Street 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska Street 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Jakub Bien
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska Street 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Leciejewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska Street 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska Street 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Szczepaniak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska Street 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Nogowski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska Street 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof W Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska Street 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mathias Z Strowski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Park-Klinik Weissensee, 13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ewa Pruszynska-Oszmalek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska Street 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
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