1
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Kayama H, Takeda K. Regulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis by mesenchymal cells. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:42. [PMID: 39327633 PMCID: PMC11426228 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors diverse microorganisms in the lumen. Epithelial cells segregate the luminal microorganisms from immune cells in the lamina propria by constructing chemical and physical barriers through the production of various factors to prevent excessive immune responses against microbes. Therefore, perturbations of epithelial integrity are linked to the development of gastrointestinal disorders. Several mesenchymal stromal cell populations, including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, pericytes, and myocytes, contribute to the establishment and maintenance of epithelial homeostasis in the gut through regulation of the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. Recent studies have revealed alterations in the composition of intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. A better understanding of the interplay between mesenchymal stromal cells and epithelial cells associated with intestinal health and diseases will facilitate identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal disorders. This review summarizes the key findings obtained to date on the mechanisms by which functionally distinct mesenchymal stromal cells regulate epithelial integrity in intestinal health and diseases at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kayama
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Zhang H, Tsui CK, Garcia G, Joe LK, Wu H, Maruichi A, Fan W, Pandovski S, Yoon PH, Webster BM, Durieux J, Frankino PA, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Dillin A. The extracellular matrix integrates mitochondrial homeostasis. Cell 2024; 187:4289-4304.e26. [PMID: 38942015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is intricately influenced by stimuli from the microenvironment, including signaling molecules, metabolites, and pathogens. Functioning as a signaling hub within the cell, mitochondria integrate information from various intracellular compartments to regulate cellular signaling and metabolism. Multiple studies have shown that mitochondria may respond to various extracellular signaling events. However, it is less clear how changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) can impact mitochondrial homeostasis to regulate animal physiology. We find that ECM remodeling alters mitochondrial homeostasis in an evolutionarily conserved manner. Mechanistically, ECM remodeling triggers a TGF-β response to induce mitochondrial fission and the unfolded protein response of the mitochondria (UPRMT). At the organismal level, ECM remodeling promotes defense of animals against pathogens through enhanced mitochondrial stress responses. We postulate that this ECM-mitochondria crosstalk represents an ancient immune pathway, which detects infection- or mechanical-stress-induced ECM damage, thereby initiating adaptive mitochondria-based immune and metabolic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gilberto Garcia
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Larry K Joe
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Haolun Wu
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ayane Maruichi
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wudi Fan
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sentibel Pandovski
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter H Yoon
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brant M Webster
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jenni Durieux
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Phillip A Frankino
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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3
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Stellpflug A, Walls J, Hansen C, Joshi A, Wang B. From bone to nanoparticles: development of a novel generation of bone derived nanoparticles for image guided orthopedic regeneration. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3633-3648. [PMID: 38856671 PMCID: PMC11238765 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Bone related diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, metastatic bone cancer, osteogenesis imperfecta, and Paget's disease, are primarily treated with pharmacologic therapies that often exhibit limited efficacy and substantial side effects. Bone injuries or fractures are primarily repaired with biocompatible materials that produce mixed results in sufficiently regenerating healthy and homogenous bone tissue. Each of these bone conditions, both localized and systemic, use different strategies with the same goal of achieving a healthy and homeostatic bone environment. In this study, we developed a new type of bone-based nanoparticle (BPs) using the entire organic extracellular matrix (ECM) of decellularized porcine bone, additionally encapsulating indocyanine green dye (ICG) for an in vivo monitoring capability. Utilizing the regenerative capability of bone ECM and the functionality of nanoparticles, the ICG encapsulated BPs (ICG/BPs) have been demonstrated to be utilized as a therapeutic option for localized and systemic orthopedic conditions. Additionally, ICG enables an in situ monitoring capability in the Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) spectrum, capturing the degradation or the biodistribution of the ICG/BPs after both local implantation and intravenous administration, respectively. The efficacy and safety of the ICG/BPs shown within this study lay the foundation for future investigations, which will delve into optimization for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Stellpflug
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Jacob Walls
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Christopher Hansen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Amit Joshi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Bo Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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4
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Chen H, Gong Y, He J, Qiao Z, Hong B, Li W, Zhou C, Zhou R, Shao H. 3D Printing Process Research and Performance Tests on Sodium Alginate-Xanthan Gum-Hydroxyapatite Hybridcartilage Regenerative Scaffolds. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:e1271-e1286. [PMID: 39359579 PMCID: PMC11442156 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Cartilage injury is a common occurrence in the modern world. Compared with traditional treatment methods, bio-3D printing technology features better utility in the field of cartilage repair and regeneration, but still faces great challenges. For example, there is currently no means to generate blood vessels inside the scaffolds, and there remains the question of how to improve the biocompatibility of the generated scaffolds, all of which limit the application of bio-3D printing technology in this area. The main objective of this article was to prepare sodium alginate-xanthan gum-hydroxyapatite (SA-XG-HA) porous cartilage scaffolds that can naturally degrade in the human body and be used to promote cartilage damage repair by 3D printing technology. First, the viscosities of SA and XG were analyzed, and their optimal ratio was determined. Second, a mathematical model of the hybrid slurry was established based on the power-law fluid model, in which the printing pressure, needle movement speed, and fiber spacing were established as important parameters affecting the printing performance of the composite. Third, by performing a finite element simulation of the printing process and combining it with the actual printing process, suitable printing parameters were determined (air pressure of 1 bar, moving speed of 9 mm/s, line spacing of 1.6 mm, and adjacent layers of 0-90°). Fourth, composite scaffolds were prepared and tested for their compressive properties, degradation properties, cytotoxicity, and biocompatibility. The results showed that the novel composite scaffolds prepared in this study possessed good mechanical and biological properties. Young's modulus of the composite scaffolds reached 130 KPa and was able to maintain a low degradation rate in simulated body fluid solution for >1 month. The activity of the C5.18 chondrocytes in the scaffold leach solution exceeded 120%. The cells were also able to proliferate densely on the scaffold surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youping Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junlin He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zizhou Qiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanping Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rougang Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huifeng Shao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Chen Y, Hu M, Hu H, Ji S, Huang L, Wei W, Zhao K, Teng C. Fabrication of an Adhesive Small Intestinal Submucosa Acellular Matrix Hydrogel for Accelerating Diabetic Wound Healing. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46653-46662. [PMID: 38107900 PMCID: PMC10720003 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of diabetic skin defects comes with enormous challenges in the clinic due to the disordered metabolic microenvironment. In this study, we therefore designed a novel composite hydrogel (SISAM@HN) with bioactive factors and tissue adhesive properties for accelerating chronic diabetic wound healing. Hyaluronic acid (HA) modified by N-(2-aminoethyl)-4-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrosophenoxy) butanamide (NB) held the phototriggering tissue adhesive capacity. Decellularized small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was degreased and digested to form the acellular matrix, which facilitated bioactive factor release. The results of the burst pressure test demonstrated that the in situ formed hydrogel possessed a tissue adhesive property. In vitro experiments, based on bone marrow stromal cells, revealed that the SIS acellular matrix-containing hydrogel contributed to promoting cell proliferation. In vivo, a diabetic mouse model was created and used to evaluate the tissue regeneration function of the obtained hydrogel, and our results showed that the synthesized hydrogel could assist collagen deposition, attenuate inflammation, and foster vascular growth during the wound healing process. Overall, the SIS acellular matrix-containing HA hydrogel was able to adhere to the wound sites, promote cell proliferation, and facilitate angiogenesis, which would be a promising biomaterial for wound dressing in clinical therapy of diabetic skin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International
Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University
School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Miner Hu
- Department
of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes
of Medicine, Zhejiang University School
of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Honghua Hu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International
Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University
School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Shunxian Ji
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International
Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University
School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Leyi Huang
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International
Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University
School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International
Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University
School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang
Province, Zhejiang University School of
Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department
of Endocrinology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General
Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chong Teng
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International
Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University
School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
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6
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Zeiringer S, Wiltschko L, Glader C, Reiser M, Absenger-Novak M, Fröhlich E, Roblegg E. Development and Characterization of an In Vitro Intestinal Model Including Extracellular Matrix and Macrovascular Endothelium. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5173-5184. [PMID: 37677739 PMCID: PMC10548470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro intestinal models are used to study biological processes, drug and food absorption, or cytotoxicity, minimizing the use of animals in the laboratory. They usually consist of enterocytes and mucus-producing cells cultured for 3 weeks, e.g., on Transwells, to obtain a fully differentiated cell layer simulating the human epithelium. Other important components are the extracellular matrix (ECM) and strong vascularization. The former serves as structural support for cells and promotes cellular processes such as differentiation, migration, and growth. The latter includes endothelial cells, which coordinate vascularization and immune cell migration and facilitate the transport of ingested substances or drugs to the liver. In most cases, animal-derived hydrogels such as Matrigel or collagen are used as ECM in in vitro intestinal models, and endothelial cells are only partially considered, if at all. However, it is well-known that animal-derived products can lead to altered cell behavior and incorrect results. To circumvent these limitations, synthetic and modifiable hydrogels (Peptigel and Vitrogel) were studied here to mimic xenofree ECM, and the data were compared with Matrigel. Careful rheological characterization was performed, and the effect on cell proliferation was investigated. The results showed that Vitrogel exhibited shear-thinning behavior with an internal structure recovery of 78.9 ± 11.2%, providing the best properties among the gels investigated. Therefore, a coculture of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells (ratio 7:3) was grown on Vitrogel, while simultaneously endothelial cells were cultured on the basolateral side by inverse cultivation. The model was characterized in terms of cell proliferation, differentiation, and drug permeability. It was found that the cells cultured on Vitrogel induced a 1.7-fold increase in cell proliferation and facilitated the formation of microvilli and tight junctions after 2 weeks of cultivation. At the same time, the coculture showed full differentiation indicated by high alkaline phosphatase release of Caco-2 cells (95.0 ± 15.9%) and a mucus layer produced by HT29-MTX cells. Drug tests led to ex vivo comparable permeability coefficients (Papp) (i.e., Papp; antipyrine = (33.64 ± 5.13) × 10-6 cm/s, Papp; atenolol = (0.59 ± 0.16) × 10-6 cm/s). These results indicate that the newly developed intestinal model can be used for rapid and efficient assessment of drug permeability, excluding unexpected results due to animal-derived materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Zeiringer
- University
of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Wiltschko
- University
of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Joanneum
Research-Health, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Glader
- University
of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Research
Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Reiser
- University
of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Absenger-Novak
- Center
for Medical Research, Medical University
of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center
for Medical Research, Medical University
of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 24, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- University
of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Research
Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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7
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Tian M, Mu X, Fan D, Liu Z, Liu Q, Yue K, Song Z, Luo J, Zhang S. A Transformable Mucoadhesive Microgel Network for Noninvasive Multimodal Imaging And Radioprotection of a Large Area of the Gastrointestinal Tract. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303436. [PMID: 37364891 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The lack of noninvasive imaging and modulation of a large area of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract constrain the diagnosis and treatment of many GI-related diseases. Recent advances use novel mucoadhesive materials to coat a part of the GI tract and then modulate its functions. High mucoadhesion is the key factor of the partial coating, but also the limitation for not spreading and covering the lower GI tract. Here, a bismuth-pectin organic-inorganic hybrid complex is screened and engineered into a transformable microgel network (Bi-GLUE) with high flowability and mucoadhesion, such that it can quickly transit through and coat a large area of the GI tract. In murine and porcine models, Bi-GLUE delivers contrast agents to achieve real-time, large-area GI-tract imaging under X-ray or magnetic resonance modalities and to facilitate the non-invasive diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis. Moreover, Bi-GLUE, like an intracorporal radiation shield, decreases the radiotoxicity in a whole-abdomen irradiation rat model. This transformable microgel network offers a new direction that can modulate a large area of the GI tract and may have broad applications for GI-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xin Mu
- Advanced Therapies, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Shanghai, 200126, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Dongyue Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, Netherlands
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qi Liu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiling Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
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8
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Deguchi K, Zambaiti E, De Coppi P. Regenerative medicine: current research and perspective in pediatric surgery. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:167. [PMID: 37014468 PMCID: PMC10073065 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine, encompassing several disciplines including stem cell biology and tissue engineering, continues to advance with the accumulating research on cell manipulation technologies, gene therapy and new materials. Recent progress in preclinical and clinical studies may transcend the boundaries of regenerative medicine from laboratory research towards clinical reality. However, for the ultimate goal to construct bioengineered transplantable organs, a number of issues still need to be addressed. In particular, engineering of elaborate tissues and organs requires a fine combination of different relevant aspects; not only the repopulation of multiple cell phenotypes in an appropriate distribution but also the adjustment of the host environmental factors such as vascularisation, innervation and immunomodulation. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the recent discoveries and development in stem cells and tissue engineering, which are inseparably interconnected. The current status of research on tissue stem cells and bioengineering, and the possibilities for application in specific organs relevant to paediatric surgery have been specifically focused and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Deguchi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Elisa Zambaiti
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- UOC Chirurgia Pediatrica, Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- NIHR BRC SNAPS Great Ormond Street Hospitals, London, UK.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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9
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Wang B, Sierad LN, Mercuri JJ, Simionescu A, Simionescu DT, Williams LN, Vela R, Bajona P, Peltz M, Ramaswamy S, Hong Y, Liao J. Structural and biomechanical characterizations of acellular porcine mitral valve scaffolds: anterior leaflets, posterior leaflets, and chordae tendineae. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022; 3:374-386. [PMID: 38362305 PMCID: PMC10869114 DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitral valve (MV) tissue engineering is still in its early stage, and one major challenge in MV tissue engineering is to identify appropriate scaffold materials. With the potential of acellular MV scaffolds being demonstrated recently, it is important to have a full understanding of the biomechanics of the native MV components and their acellular scaffolds. In this study, we have successfully characterized the structural and mechanical properties of porcine MV components, including anterior leaflet (AL), posterior leaflet (PL), strut chordae, and basal chordae, before and after decellularization. Quantitative DNA assay showed more than 90% reduction in DNA content, and Griffonia simplicifolia (GS) lectin immunohistochemistry confirmed the complete lack of porcine α-Gal antigen in the acellular MV components. In the acellular AL and PL, the atrialis, spongiosa, and fibrosa trilayered structure, along with its ECM constitutes, i.e., collagen fibers, elastin fibers, and portion of GAGs, were preserved. Nevertheless, the ECM of both AL and PL experienced a certain degree of disruption, exhibiting a less dense, porous ECM morphology. The overall anatomical morphology of the strut and basal chordae were also maintained after decellularization, with longitudinal morphology experiencing minimum disruption, but the cross-sectional morphology exhibiting evenly-distributed porous structure. In the acellular AL and PL, the nonlinear anisotropic biaxial mechanical behavior was overall preserved; however, uniaxial tensile tests showed that the removal of cellular content and the disruption of structural ECM did result in small decreases in maximum tensile modulus, tissue extensibility, failure stress, and failure strain for both MV leaflets and chordae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Leslie N. Sierad
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Jeremy J. Mercuri
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Agneta Simionescu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Dan T. Simionescu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Lakiesha N. Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Ryan Vela
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Pietro Bajona
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
- Allegheny Health Network-Drexel University College of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, United States
| | - Matthias Peltz
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Sharan Ramaswamy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, United States
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, United States
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10
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Wang Y, Wang G, Liu H. Tenascin-C: A Key Regulator in Angiogenesis during Wound Healing. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1689. [PMID: 36421704 PMCID: PMC9687801 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Injury repair is a complex physiological process in which multiple cells and molecules are involved. Tenascin-C (TNC), an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, is essential for angiogenesis during wound healing. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the dynamic changes and functions of TNC throughout tissue regeneration and to present an up-to-date synthesis of the body of knowledge pointing to multiple mechanisms of TNC at different restoration stages. (2) Methods: A review of the PubMed database was performed to include all studies describing the pathological processes of damage restoration and the role, structure, expression, and function of TNC in post-injury treatment; (3) Results: In this review, we first introduced the construction and expression signature of TNC. Then, the role of TNC during the process of damage restoration was introduced. We highlight the temporal heterogeneity of TNC levels at different restoration stages. Furthermore, we are surprised to find that post-injury angiogenesis is dynamically consistent with changes in TNC. Finally, we discuss the strategies for TNC in post-injury treatment. (4) Conclusions: The dynamic expression of TNC has a significant impact on angiogenesis and healing wounds and counters many negative aspects of poorly healing wounds, such as excessive inflammation, ischemia, scarring, and wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, AirForce Medical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Guangfu Wang
- Vasculocardiology Department, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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11
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Tian X, Zhao K, Teng A, Li Y, Wang W. A rethinking of collagen as tough biomaterials in meat packaging: assembly from native to synthetic. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:957-977. [PMID: 35997287 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Due to the high moisture-associated typical rheology and the changeable and harsh processing conditions in the production process, packaging materials for meat products have higher requirements including a sufficient mechanical strength and proper ductility. Collagen, a highly conserved structural protein consisting of a triple helix of Gly-X-Y repeats, has been proved to be suitable packaging material for meat products. The treated animal digestive tract (i.e. the casing) is the perfect natural packaging material for wrapping meat into sausage. Its thin walls, strong toughness and impact resistance make it the oldest and best edible meat packaging. Collagen casing is another wisdom of meat packaging, which is made by collagen fibers from hide skin, presenting a rapid growth in casing market. To strengthen mechanical strength and barrier behaviors of collagen-based packaging materials, different physical, chemical, and biological cross-linking methods are springing up exuberantly, as well as a variety of reinforcement approaches including nanotechnology. In addition, the rapid development of biomimetic technology also provides a good research idea and means for the promotion of collagen's assembly and relevant mechanical properties. This review can offer some reference on fundamental theory and practical application of collagenous materials in meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - KaiXuan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Anguo Teng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
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12
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Inflammation-mediated matrix remodeling of extracellular matrix-mimicking biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:106-117. [PMID: 35970482 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking biomaterials are considered effective tissue-engineered scaffolds for regenerative medicine because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. ECM-mimicking biomaterials preserve natural microstructures and matrix-related bioactive components and undergo continuous matrix remodeling upon transplantation. The interaction between host immune cells and transplanted ECM-mimicking biomaterials has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Transplantation of biomaterials may initiate injuries and early pro-inflammation reactions characterized by infiltration of neutrophils and M1 macrophages. Pro-inflammation reactions may lead to degradation of the transplanted biomaterial and drive the matrix into a fetal-like state. ECM degradation leads to the release of matrix-related bioactive components that act as signals for cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In late stages, pro-inflammatory cells fade away, and anti-inflammatory cells emerge, which involves macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype and leukocyte activation to T helper 2 (Th2) cells. These anti-inflammatory cells interact with each other to facilitate matrix deposition and tissue reconstruction. Deposited ECM molecules serve as vital components of the mature tissue and influence tissue homeostasis. However, dysregulation of matrix remodeling results in several pathological conditions, such as aggressive inflammation, difficult healing, and non-functional fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of inflammatory responses in matrix remodeling after transplantation of ECM-mimicking biomaterials. Additionally, we discuss the intrinsic linkages between matrix remodeling and tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking biomaterials are effectively used as scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, dysregulation of matrix remodeling can cause various pathological conditions. Here, the review describes the characteristics of inflammatory responses in matrix remodeling after transplantation of ECM-mimicking biomaterials. Additionally, we discuss the intrinsic linkages between matrix remodeling and tissue regeneration. We believe that understanding host immune responses to matrix remodeling of transplanted biomaterials is important for directing effective tissue regeneration of ECM-mimicking biomaterials. Considering the close relationship between immune response and matrix remodeling results, we highlight the need for studies of the effects of clinical characteristics on matrix remodeling of transplanted biomaterials.
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13
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Use of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Porcine Small Intestine Submucosa Stent in the Prevention of Anastomotic Leaks in the Porcine Colon. J Surg Res 2022; 276:354-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Lindholm M, Di Sabatino A, Manon-Jensen T, Mazza G, Madsen GI, Giuffrida P, Pinzani M, Krag A, Karsdal MA, Kjeldsen J, Mortensen JH. A Serological Biomarker of Laminin Gamma 1 Chain Degradation Reflects Altered Basement Membrane Remodeling in Crohn's Disease and DSS Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3662-3671. [PMID: 34561759 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The laminin gamma 1 chain (LMγ1) is abundant along the crypt-villus axis in the intestinal basement membrane. AIMS We investigated whether a serological biomarker of laminin degradation was associated with disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and in rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS Serum samples from CD patients (n = 43), healthy subjects (n = 19), and Sprague Dawley rats receiving 5-6% DSS water for five days and regular drinking water for 11 days were included in this study. The LG1M biomarker, a neo-epitope degradation fragment of the LMγ1 chain generated by matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), was measured in serum to estimate the level of laminin degradation. RESULTS Serum LG1M was elevated in CD patients with active and inactive disease compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). LG1M distinguished CD patients from healthy subjects, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 (p < 0.0001). Serum LG1M was decreased in DSS rats compared to controls 2 days after DSS withdrawal, and increased upon reversal of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Increased serum LG1M in active and inactive CD patients supports the evidence of altered LM expression in both inflamed and non-inflamed tissue. Moreover, lower LG1M levels in the early healing phase of DSS-induced colitis may reflect ongoing mucosal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majken Lindholm
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark. .,Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tina Manon-Jensen
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Gunvor I Madsen
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Paolo Giuffrida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjeldsen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joachim H Mortensen
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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15
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Surgical Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome—The Past, the Present and the Future, a Descriptive Review of the Literature. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9071024. [PMID: 35884008 PMCID: PMC9322125 DOI: 10.3390/children9071024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a devastating disorder with both short- and long-term implications for patients. Unfortunately, the prevalence of SBS has doubled over the past 40 years. Broadly speaking, the etiology of SBS can be categorized as congenital or secondary, the latter typically due to extensive small bowel resection following diseases of the small intestine, e.g., necrotizing enterocolitis, Hirschsprung’s disease or intestinal atresia. As of yet, no cure exists, thus, conservative treatment, primarily parenteral nutrition (PN), is the first-line therapy. In some cases, weaning from PN is not possible and operative therapy is required. The invention of the longitudinal intestinal lengthening and tailoring (LILT or Bianchi) procedure in 1980 was a major step forward in patient care and spawned further techniques that continue to improve lives for patients with severe SBS (e.g., double barrel enteroplasty, serial transverse enteroplasty, etc.). With this review, we aim to provide an overview of the clinical implications of SBS, common conservative therapies and the development of operative techniques over the past six decades. We also provide a short outlook on the future of operative techniques, specifically with respect to regenerative medicine.
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16
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Jeong Y, Tin A, Irudayaraj J. Flipped Well-Plate Hanging-Drop Technique for Growing Three-Dimensional Tumors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:898699. [PMID: 35860331 PMCID: PMC9289396 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.898699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tumor culture techniques are gaining popularity as in vitro models of tumoral tissue analogues. Despite the widespread interest, need, and present-day effort, most of the 3D tumor culturing methodologies have not gone beyond the inventors’ laboratories. This, in turn, limits their applicability and standardization. In this study, we introduce a straightforward and user-friendly approach based on standard 96-well plates with basic amenities for growing 3D tumors in a scaffold-free/scaffold-based format. Hanging drop preparation can be easily employed by flipping a universal 96-well plate. The droplets of the medium generated by the well-plate flip (WPF) method can be easily modified to address various mechanisms and processes in cell biology, including cancer. To demonstrate the applicability and practicality of the conceived approach, we utilized human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116) to first show the generation of large scaffold-free 3D tumor spheroids over 1.5 mm in diameter in single-well plates. As a proof-of-concept, we also demonstrate matrix-assisted tumor culture techniques in advancing the broader use of 3D culture systems. The conceptualized WPF approach can be adapted for a range of applications in both basic and applied biological/engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ashley Tin
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Joseph Irudayaraj,
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17
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Singh H, Bashir SM, Purohit SD, Bhaskar R, Rather MA, Ali SI, Yadav I, Makhdoomi DM, Din Dar MU, Gani MA, Gupta MK, Mishra NC. Nanoceria laden decellularized extracellular matrix-based curcumin releasing nanoemulgel system for full-thickness wound healing. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212806. [PMID: 35929233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) has been widely used for wound healing. But, ECM failed to integrate tissue and restore the tissue function properly, when elevated levels of free radicals and biofilm formation occur at the wound site. Here, nanoemulgel systems were fabricated, considering the combinatorial approach of nanotechnology (nanoceria and curcumin nanoemulsion) and ECM gel of goat small intestine submucosa. The curcumin was encapsulated in the nanoemulgel system to enhance bioavailability in terms of antibacterial, antioxidant, sustained release and permeation at the wound site. Nanoceria was also incorporated to enhance the antibacterial, antioxidant and wound healing properties of the fabricated nanoemulgel formulation. All the formulations were porous, hydrophilic, biodegradable, antioxidant, antibacterial, hemocompatible, biocompatible, and showed enhanced wound healing rate. The formulation (DG-SIS/Ce/NC) showed the highest free radicals scavenging capacity and antibacterial property with prolonged curcumin release (62.9% in 96 h), skin permeability (79.7% in 96 h); showed better cell growth under normal and oxidative-stressed conditions: it also showed full-thickness wound contraction (97.33% in 14 days) with highest collagen synthesis at the wound site (1.61 μg/mg in 14 days). The outcomes of this study suggested that the formulation (DG-SIS/Ce/NC) can be a potential nanoemulgel system for full-thickness wound healing application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Singh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shiv Dutt Purohit
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India; School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Rather
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Indu Yadav
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dil Muhammad Makhdoomi
- Large Animal Surgical Section, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mehraj U Din Dar
- Large Animal Surgical Section, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muhamad Asharaf Gani
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Mishra
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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18
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Hautefort I, Poletti M, Papp D, Korcsmaros T. Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Organoid-Based Models (and Never Dared to Ask). Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:311-331. [PMID: 35643188 PMCID: PMC9233279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic functions of a living tissue, such as the gastrointestinal tract, rely on highly sophisticated and finely tuned cell-to-cell interactions. These crosstalks evolve and continuously are refined as the tissue develops and give rise to specialized cells performing general and tissue-specific functions. To study these systems, stem cell-based in vitro models, often called organoids, and non-stem cell-based primary cell aggregates (called spheroids) appeared just over a decade ago. These models still are evolving and gaining complexity, making them the state-of-the-art models for studying cellular crosstalk in the gastrointestinal tract, and to investigate digestive pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and liver diseases. However, the use of organoid- or spheroid-based models to recapitulate in vitro the highly complex structure of in vivo tissue remains challenging, and mainly restricted to expert developmental cell biologists. Here, we condense the founding knowledge and key literature information that scientists adopting the organoid technology for the first time need to consider when using these models for novel biological questions. We also include information that current organoid/spheroid users could use to add to increase the complexity to their existing models. We highlight the current and prospective evolution of these models through bridging stem cell biology with biomaterial and scaffold engineering research areas. Linking these complementary fields will increase the in vitro mimicry of in vivo tissue, and potentially lead to more successful translational biomedical applications. Deepening our understanding of the nature and dynamic fine-tuning of intercellular crosstalks will enable identifying novel signaling targets for new or repurposed therapeutics used in many multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Hautefort
- Earlham Institute, Organisms and Ecosystems Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Poletti
- Earlham Institute, Organisms and Ecosystems Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Papp
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Earlham Institute, Organisms and Ecosystems Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom; Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom; Imperial College London, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, London, United Kingdom.
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19
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Oncel S, Basson MD. Gut homeostasis, injury, and healing: New therapeutic targets. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1725-1750. [PMID: 35633906 PMCID: PMC9099196 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i17.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa plays a crucial role in gut homeostasis, which depends upon the balance between mucosal injury by destructive factors and healing via protective factors. The persistence of noxious agents such as acid, pepsin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or Helicobacter pylori breaks down the mucosal barrier and injury occurs. Depending upon the size and site of the wound, it is healed by complex and overlapping processes involving membrane resealing, cell spreading, purse-string contraction, restitution, differentiation, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis, each modulated by extracellular regulators. Unfortunately, the gut does not always heal, leading to such pathology as peptic ulcers or inflammatory bowel disease. Currently available therapeutics such as proton pump inhibitors, histamine-2 receptor antagonists, sucralfate, 5-aminosalicylate, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants all attempt to minimize or reduce injury to the gastrointestinal tract. More recent studies have focused on improving mucosal defense or directly promoting mucosal repair. Many investigations have sought to enhance mucosal defense by stimulating mucus secretion, mucosal blood flow, or tight junction function. Conversely, new attempts to directly promote mucosal repair target proteins that modulate cytoskeleton dynamics such as tubulin, talin, Ehm2, filamin-a, gelsolin, and flightless I or that proteins regulate focal adhesions dynamics such as focal adhesion kinase. This article summarizes the pathobiology of gastrointestinal mucosal healing and reviews potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Oncel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Marc D Basson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
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20
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Tang W, Qi J, Wang Q, Qu Y, Fu S, Luan J. Investigating the Adipogenic Effects of Different Tissue-Derived Decellularized Matrices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:872897. [PMID: 35497363 PMCID: PMC9046558 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.872897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Decellularized adipose-derived matrix (DAM) can promote adipogenic differentiation and adipose tissue remodeling, but the biological impact of tissue origin on DAM remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of tissue origins on the adipogenic capacity of the decellularized matrix by comparing the cellular and tissue responses of DAM versus acellular dermal matrix (ADM). Methods: The in vitro response of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs) to DAM and ADM was characterized by proliferation and differentiation. The in vivo remodeling response was evaluated in the subcutaneous injection model of immunocompromised mice, using histology, protein expression, and transcriptome analysis. Results: Both DAM and ADM exhibited excellent decellularization effects and cytocompatibility. In the absence of exogenous stimuli, DAM could induce adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs compared with ADM. In the animal model, the levels of PDGF, VEGF, and ACRP30 were higher in the DAM groups than in the ADM group, and more neovascularization and extensive adipose tissue remodeling were observed. The mRNA-seq analysis indicated that the DAM implant regulated tissue remodeling by modulating Lat1/2 expression along with Hippo Signaling pathway in the early stage. Conclusion: Tissue origin can influence the biological response of the decellularized matrix. DAM can retain favorable tissue-specific characteristics after the decellularization process and have unique adipogenic effects in vitro and vivo, which can be fully utilized for soft tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Su Fu
- *Correspondence: Su Fu, ; Jie Luan,
| | - Jie Luan
- *Correspondence: Su Fu, ; Jie Luan,
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21
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Yang W, Dong H, Wang P, Xu Z, Xian J, Chen J, Wu H, Lou Y, Lin D, Zhong B. IL-36γ and IL-36Ra Reciprocally Regulate Colon Inflammation and Tumorigenesis by Modulating the Cell-Matrix Adhesion Network and Wnt Signaling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103035. [PMID: 35119210 PMCID: PMC8981487 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer are associated with dysregulation of cytokine networks. However, it is challenging to target cytokines for effective intervention because of the overlapping functions and unpredictable interactions of cytokines in such diverse networks. Here, it is shown that IL-36γ and IL-36Ra, an agonist and an antagonist for IL-36R signaling respectively, reciprocally regulate the experimental colitis and the colon cancer development in mice. Knockout or neutralization of IL-36γ alleviates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and inhibits colon cancer development, whereas knockout of IL-36Ra exacerbates DSS-induced colitis and promotes colonic tumorigenesis in multiple colon cancer models in mice. Mechanistically, IL-36γ upregulates extracellular matrix and cell-matrix adhesion molecules and facilitates Wnt signaling, which is mitigated by IL-36Ra or IL-36γ neutralizing antibody. Consistently, IL-36γ levels are positively correlated with extracellular matrix levels and β-catenin levels in human colorectal tumor biopsies. These findings suggest the critical role of IL-36γ and IL-36Ra in gut inflammation and tumorigenesis and indicate that targeting the IL-36γ/IL-36Ra signal balance provides potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMedical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Hong‐Peng Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMedical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMedical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Zhi‐Gao Xu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases and Transplant CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Jiahuan Xian
- Yurogen Biosystems LLC (Wuhan)666 Gaoxin Avenue, Building C6, Donghu DistrictWuhan430064China
| | - Jiachen Chen
- Yurogen Biosystems LLC (Wuhan)666 Gaoxin Avenue, Building C6, Donghu DistrictWuhan430064China
| | - Hai Wu
- Yurogen Biosystems LLC (Wuhan)666 Gaoxin Avenue, Building C6, Donghu DistrictWuhan430064China
| | - Yang Lou
- Yurogen Biosystems LLC (Wuhan)666 Gaoxin Avenue, Building C6, Donghu DistrictWuhan430064China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Cancer CenterRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430061China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryMedical Research InstituteZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
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22
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Diffuse gastric cancer: Emerging mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188719. [PMID: 35307354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is globally the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Patients with diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) particularly have a poor prognosis that only marginally improved over the last decades, as conventional chemotherapies are frequently ineffective and specific therapies are unavailable. Early-stage DGC is characterized by intramucosal lesions of discohesive cells, which can be present for many years before the emergence of advanced DGC consisting of highly proliferative and invasive cells. The mechanisms underlying the key steps of DGC development and transition to aggressive tumors are starting to emerge. Novel mouse- and organoid models for DGC, together with multi-omic analyses of DGC tumors, revealed contributions of both tumor cell-intrinsic alterations and gradual changes in the tumor microenvironment to DGC progression. In this review, we will discuss how these recent findings are leading towards an understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for DGC initiation and malignancy, which may provide opportunities for targeted therapies.
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23
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Anjum M, Laitila A, Ouwehand AC, Forssten SD. Current Perspectives on Gastrointestinal Models to Assess Probiotic-Pathogen Interactions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831455. [PMID: 35173703 PMCID: PMC8841803 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are different models available that mimic the human intestinal epithelium and are thus available for studying probiotic and pathogen interactions in the gastrointestinal tract. Although, in vivo models make it possible to study the overall effects of a probiotic on a living subject, they cannot always be conducted and there is a general commitment to reduce the use of animal models. Hence, in vitro methods provide a more rapid tool for studying the interaction between probiotics and pathogens; as well as being ethically superior, faster, and less expensive. The in vitro models are represented by less complex traditional models, standard 2D models compromised of culture plates as well as Transwell inserts, and newer 3D models like organoids, enteroids, as well as organ-on-a-chip. The optimal model selected depends on the research question. Properly designed in vitro and/or in vivo studies are needed to examine the mechanism(s) of action of probiotics on pathogens to obtain physiologically relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sofia D. Forssten
- International Flavors and Fragrances, Health and Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Kantvik, Finland
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24
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Amirazad H, Dadashpour M, Zarghami N. Application of decellularized bone matrix as a bioscaffold in bone tissue engineering. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:1. [PMID: 34986859 PMCID: PMC8734306 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-021-00282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous bone grafts are commonly used as the gold standard to repair and regenerate diseased bones. However, they are strongly associated with postoperative complications, especially at the donor site, and increased surgical costs. In an effort to overcome these limitations, tissue engineering (TE) has been proposed as an alternative to promote bone repair. The successful outcome of tissue engineering depends on the microstructure and composition of the materials used as scaffold. Decellularized bone matrix-based biomaterials have been applied as bioscaffolds in bone tissue engineering. These biomaterials play an important role in providing the mechanical and physical microenvironment needed by cells to proliferate and survive. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can be used as a powder, hydrogel and electrospun scaffolds. These bioscaffolds mimic the native microenvironment due to their structure similar to the original tissue. The aim of this review is to highlight the bone decellularization techniques. Herein we discuss: (1) bone structure; (2) properties of an ideal scaffold; (3) the potential of decellularized bone as bioscaffolds; (4) terminal sterilization of decellularized bone; (5) cell removing confirmation in decellularized tissues; and (6) post decellularization procedures. Finally, the improvement of bone formation by dECM and the immunogenicity aspect of using the decellularized bone matrix are presented, to illustrate how novel dECM-based materials can be used as bioscaffold in tissue engineering. A comprehensive understanding of tissue engineering may allow for better incorporation of therapeutic approaches in bone defects allowing for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimeh Amirazad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Deparment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin Universioty, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Zeng T, Yuan P, Liang L, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wu W. Cartilaginous Extracellular Matrix Enriched with Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived "Matrix Bound Extracellular Vesicles" Enabled Functional Reconstruction of Tracheal Defect. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102735. [PMID: 34841733 PMCID: PMC8805569 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) conceive cues essential for tissue repair. Mammalian cartilaginous extracellular matrix (cECM) may not be optimally inductive for tracheal regeneration because of the granulomatous, instead of regenerative, responses in injured adult mammalian tracheas. Given the high regenerative capacity of gingiva, it is hypothesized human gingival mesenchymal stem cells derived EVs (gEVs) can induce mammalian tracheal epithelia regeneration. Coculturing chondrocytes with GMSCs produce abundant "matrix bound gEVs (gMVs)" in forming cartilaginous ECM, which are further preserved in acellular cECM (cACM) following mild, short-period decellularization. The results show that gMVs-cACM could be well anchored on polyglycerol sebacate microporous patch thus enforce the surgical suturability and mechanical strength. In rabbit tracheal defect, the gMVs-cACM patch induces rapid regeneration of vascularized ciliated columnar epithelium, which supports long-term survival of animals. gMVs-cACM treated groups exhibit proliferation of tracheal progenitors-basal epithelial cells, as well as, activation of JAK2/STAT1 pathway in reparative cells. This study departs from conventional focuses on tissue derived ECM and introduces a new approach for tracheal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of Anesthesiologyand Department of Oral & Maxillofacial SurgerySchool of Stomatologythe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
- Department of Anesthesiologythe 986th Air Force Hospital, Xijing hospitalthe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Pingping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial SurgerySchool of Stomatologythe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Lirong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of AnesthesiologySchool of Stomatologythe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Xinchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial SurgerySchool of Stomatologythe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of AnesthesiologySchool of Stomatologythe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of Oral & Maxillofacial SurgerySchool of Stomatologythe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
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26
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Development of decellularization protocol for caprine small intestine submucosa as a biomaterial. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2021; 5:100035. [PMID: 36825113 PMCID: PMC9934478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized animal tissues have been proven to be promising biomaterials for various tissue engineering (TE) applications. Among various animal tissues, small intestine submucosa (SIS) has gained attention of many researchers due to its easy availability from the abattoir waste, excellent physicochemical and biological characteristics of a good biomaterial. In this study, Caprine SIS was decellularized to get decellularized caprine SIS (DG-SIS). For decellularization, several physical, chemical and enzymatic protocols have been described in the literature. To optimize the decellularization of caprine SIS, several decellularization protocol (DP), including an in-house developed by us, had been attempted, and effect of the different DPs on the obtained DG-SIS were assessed in terms of decellularization, physiochemical and biological properties. All the DPs differ in terms of decellularization, but three DPs where ionic detergent like sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) has been used, largely affect the native composition (e.g. glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)), biological properties and other physiochemical properties of the G-SIS as compared to the DP that uses hypertonic solution of potassium iodide (KI) and non-ionic detergent (TritonX-100). The obtained DG-SISs were fibrous, hemocompatible, biocompatible, hydrophilic, biodegradable and exhibited significant antibacterial activity. Therefore, the DG-SIS will be a prospective biomaterial for TE applications.
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27
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Jelodari S, Sadroddiny E. Decellularization of Small Intestinal Submucosa. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1345:71-84. [PMID: 34582015 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82735-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is the most studied extracellular matrix (ECM) for repair and regeneration of different organs and tissues. Promising results of SIS-ECM as a vascular graft, led scientists to examine its applicability for repairing other tissues. Overall results indicated that SIS grafts induce tissue regeneration and remodeling to almost native condition. Investigating immunomodulatory effects of SIS is another interesting field of research. SIS can be utilized in different forms for multiple clinical and experimental studies. The aim of this chapter is to investigate the decellularization process of SIS and its common clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Jelodari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Sadroddiny
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Rubí-Sans G, Nyga A, Rebollo E, Pérez-Amodio S, Otero J, Navajas D, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Engel E. Development of Cell-Derived Matrices for Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cancer Cell Models. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44108-44123. [PMID: 34494824 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Most morphogenetic and pathological processes are driven by cells responding to the surrounding matrix, such as its composition, architecture, and mechanical properties. Despite increasing evidence for the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue and disease development, many in vitro substitutes still fail to effectively mimic the native microenvironment. We established a novel method to produce macroscale (>1 cm) mesenchymal cell-derived matrices (CDMs) aimed to mimic the fibrotic tumor microenvironment surrounding epithelial cancer cells. CDMs are produced by human adipose mesenchymal stem cells cultured in sacrificial 3D scaffold templates of fibronectin-coated poly-lactic acid microcarriers (MCs) in the presence of macromolecular crowders. We showed that decellularized CDMs closely mimic the fibrillar protein composition, architecture, and mechanical properties of human fibrotic ECM from cancer masses. CDMs had highly reproducible composition made of collagen types I and III and fibronectin ECM with tunable mechanical properties. Moreover, decellularized and MC-free CDMs were successfully repopulated with cancer cells throughout their 3D structure, and following chemotherapeutic treatment, cancer cells showed greater doxorubicin resistance compared to 3D culture in collagen hydrogels. Collectively, these results support the use of CDMs as a reproducible and tunable tool for developing 3D in vitro cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Rubí-Sans
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Agata Nyga
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Rebollo
- Molecular Imaging Platform, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Soledad Pérez-Amodio
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- IMEM-BRT group, Department of Materials Science, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès (Barcelona) 08195, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- IMEM-BRT group, Department of Materials Science, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona 08019, Spain
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29
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Collagen XV Promotes ER Stress-Induced Inflammation through Activating Integrin β1/FAK Signaling Pathway and M1 Macrophage Polarization in Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189997. [PMID: 34576160 PMCID: PMC8465275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen XV (Col XV), a basement membrane (BM) component, is highly expressed in adipose tissue, and studies have found that Col XV is related to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling involving in adipose tissue fibrosis and inflammation. Furthermore, the ECM is essential for maintaining normal development and tissue function. In this study, we found that Col XV is related to the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and inflammation of adipose tissue. Moreover, we found that overexpression of Col XV in mice could cause macrophages to infiltrate white adipose tissue (iWAT). At the same time, the expression of the ERS sensor IRE1α (Inositol-Requiring Enzyme-1α) was significantly up-regulated, which intensified the inflammation of adipose tissue and the polarization of M1 macrophages after the overexpression of Col XV in mice. In addition, after overexpression of Col XV, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was significantly increased. Using focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor PF573228, we found that PF-573228 inhibited the phosphorylation of FAK and reversed the upward trend of Col XV-induced protein expression levels of IRE1α, C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). After treatment with IRE1α inhibitor STF-083010, the results showed that the expression of adipocyte inflammation-related genes interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) significantly were decreased. Our results demonstrate that Col XV induces ER-stress in adipocytes by activating the Integrinβ1/FAK pathway and disrupting the intracellular Ca2+ balance. At the same time, Col XV regulates the inflammation induced by ER stress in adipocytes by promoting IRE1α/XBP1 (X-Box binding protein 1) signaling. Our study provides new ideas for solving the problems of adipose tissue metabolism disorders caused by abnormal accumulation of ECM.
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Hirota A, AlMusawi S, Nateri AS, Ordóñez-Morán P, Imajo M. Biomaterials for intestinal organoid technology and personalized disease modeling. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:272-287. [PMID: 34023456 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in intestinal organoid technologies have paved the way for in vitro recapitulation of the homeostatic renewal of adult tissues, tissue or organ morphogenesis during development, and pathogenesis of many disorders. In vitro modelling of individual patient diseases using organoid systems have been considered key in establishing rational design of personalized treatment strategies and in improving therapeutic outcomes. In addition, the transplantation of organoids into diseased tissues represents a novel approach to treat currently incurable diseases. Emerging evidence from intensive studies suggests that organoid systems' development and functional maturation depends on the presence of an extracellular matrix with suitable biophysical properties, where advanced synthetic hydrogels open new avenues for theoretical control of organoid phenotypes and potential applications of organoids in therapeutic purposes. In this review, we discuss the status, applications, challenges and perspectives of intestinal organoid systems emphasising on hydrogels and their properties suitable for intestinal organoid culture. We provide an overview of hydrogels used for intestinal organoid culture and key factors regulating their biological activity. The comparison of different hydrogels would be a theoretical basis for establishing design principles of synthetic niches directing intestinal cell fates and functions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Intestinal organoid is an in vitro recapitulation of the gut, which self-organizes from intestinal stem cells and maintains many features of the native tissue. Since the development of this technology, intestinal organoid systems have made significant contribution to rapid progress in intestinal biology. Prevailing methodology for organoid culture, however, depends on animal-derived matrices and suffers from variability and potential risk for contamination of pathogens, limiting their therapeutic application. Synthetic scaffold matrices, hydrogels, might provide solutions to these issues and deepen our understanding on how intestinal cells sense and respond to key biophysical properties of the surrounding matrices. This review provides an overview of developing intestinal models and biomaterials, thereby leading to better understanding of current intestinal organoid systems for both biologists and materials scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hirota
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shaikha AlMusawi
- Cancer Genetic and Stem Cell group, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, Centre for Cancer Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Stem Cell biology and Cancer group, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, Centre for Cancer Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abdolrahman S Nateri
- Cancer Genetic and Stem Cell group, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, Centre for Cancer Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paloma Ordóñez-Morán
- Stem Cell biology and Cancer group, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, Centre for Cancer Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Masamichi Imajo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
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31
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Almeida GHDR, Iglesia RP, Araújo MS, Carreira ACO, Dos Santos EX, Calomeno CVAQ, Miglino MA. Uterine Tissue Engineering: Where We Stand and the Challenges Ahead. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:861-890. [PMID: 34476997 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an innovative approach to develop allogeneic tissues and organs. The uterus is a very sensitive and complex organ, which requires refined techniques to properly regenerate and even, to rebuild itself. Many therapies were developed in 20th century to solve reproductive issues related to uterus failure and, more recently, tissue engineering techniques provided a significant evolution in this issue. Herein we aim to provide a broad overview and highlights of the general concepts involved in bioengineering to reconstruct the uterus and its tissues, focusing on strategies for tissue repair, production of uterine scaffolds, biomaterials and reproductive animal models, highlighting the most recent and effective tissue engineering protocols in literature and their application in regenerative medicine. In addition, we provide a discussion about what was achieved in uterine tissue engineering, the main limitations, the challenges to overcome and future perspectives in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Henrique Doná Rodrigues Almeida
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, 87, Butantã, SP, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 05508-900.,University of São Paulo Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 54544, Cell and Developmental Biology, Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 1374, Butantã, SP, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 05508-900;
| | - Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- University of São Paulo Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 54544, Cell and Developmental Biology, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Michelle Silva Araújo
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Erika Xavier Dos Santos
- State University of Maringá, 42487, Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, Maringa, PR, Brazil;
| | - Celso Vitor Alves Queiroz Calomeno
- State University of Maringá, 42487, Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil, Maringa, PR, Brazil;
| | - Maria Angélica Miglino
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science Professor Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, 87 Butantã SP Sao Paulo, São Paulo, BR 05508-900, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
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32
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Pompili S, Latella G, Gaudio E, Sferra R, Vetuschi A. The Charming World of the Extracellular Matrix: A Dynamic and Protective Network of the Intestinal Wall. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:610189. [PMID: 33937276 PMCID: PMC8085262 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.610189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a complex network of proteins that not only forms a support structure for resident cells but also interacts closely with them by modulating their phenotypes and functions. More than 300 molecules have been identified, each of them with unique biochemical properties and exclusive biological functions. ECM components not only provide a scaffold for the tissue but also afford tensile strength and limit overstretch of the organ. The ECM holds water, ensures suitable hydration of the tissue, and participates in a selective barrier to the external environment. ECM-to-cells interaction is crucial for morphogenesis and cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The ECM is a dynamic and multifunctional structure. The ECM is constantly renewed and remodeled by coordinated action among ECM-producing cells, degrading enzymes, and their specific inhibitors. During this process, several growth factors are released in the ECM, and they, in turn, modulate the deposition of new ECM. In this review, we describe the main components and functions of intestinal ECM and we discuss their role in maintaining the structure and function of the intestinal barrier. Achieving complete knowledge of the ECM world is an important goal to understand the mechanisms leading to the onset and the progression of several intestinal diseases related to alterations in ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine, and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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33
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Maurizi E, Adamo D, Magrelli FM, Galaverni G, Attico E, Merra A, Maffezzoni MBR, Losi L, Genna VG, Sceberras V, Pellegrini G. Regenerative Medicine of Epithelia: Lessons From the Past and Future Goals. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:652214. [PMID: 33842447 PMCID: PMC8026866 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.652214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores examples of successful and unsuccessful regenerative medicine on human epithelia. To evaluate the applications of the first regenerated tissues, the analysis of the past successes and failures addresses some pending issues and lay the groundwork for developing new therapies. Research should still be encouraged to fill the gap between pathologies, clinical applications and what regenerative medicine can attain with current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Adamo
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Galaverni
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eustachio Attico
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Modena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Singh H, Purohit SD, Bhaskar R, Yadav I, Bhushan S, Gupta MK, Gautam S, Showkeen M, Mishra NC. Biomatrix from goat-waste in sponge/gel/powder form for tissue engineering and synergistic effect of nanoceria. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:025008. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abdb74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Purushothaman K, Tan JKH, Lau D, Saju JM, Thevasagayam NM, Wee CL, Vij S. Feed Restriction Modulates Growth, Gut Morphology and Gene Expression in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041814. [PMID: 33670431 PMCID: PMC7917766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduction in daily caloric or nutrient intake has been observed to promote health benefits in mammals and other vertebrates. Feed Restriction (FR), whereby the overall food intake of the organism is reduced, has been explored as a method to improve metabolic and immune health, as well as to optimize productivity in farming. However, less is known regarding the molecular and physiological consequences of FR. Using the model organism, Danio rerio, we investigated the impact of a short-term (month-long) FR on growth, gut morphology and gene expression. Our data suggest that FR has minimal effects on the average growth rates, but it may affect weight and size heterogeneity in a sex-dependent manner. In the gut, we observed a significant reduction in gut circumference and generally lower mucosal heights, whereas other parameters remained unchanged. Gene Ontology (GO), EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified numerous metabolic, reproductive, and immune response pathways that were affected by FR. These results broaden our understanding of FR and contribute towards growing knowledge of its effects on vertebrate health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Purushothaman
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Jerryl Kim Han Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore 138673, Singapore;
| | - Doreen Lau
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Jolly M. Saju
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Natascha M. Thevasagayam
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
| | - Caroline Lei Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore 138673, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (C.L.W.); (S.V.)
| | - Shubha Vij
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (K.P.); (D.L.); (J.M.S.); (N.M.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.W.); (S.V.)
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Jo SH, Kim C, Park SH. Novel Marine Organism-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Control of Anti-Inflammation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:71-79. [PMID: 33415671 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) exhibit potential as functional biomolecules for tissue regeneration and immunomodulation as they play important roles in the physiological communication between cells. EV internal cargo contains miRNAs, proteins, lipids, and so on. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease causing disability owing to impaired joint function and pain. EVs originating from animal cells and tissue matrices are also being considered for OA, in addition to research involving non-steroidal therapeutic agents. However, there are no studies on EVs from marine organisms. Hence, we focused on sea cucumber-derived EVs and conducted experiments to set up an extraction protocol and to demonstrate their efficacy to modulate the inflammatory environment. METHODS Sea cucumber extracellular matrices (SECMs) were prepared by a decellularization process. Lyophilized SECMs were treated with collagenase and filtered to isolate sea cucumber extracellular vesicles (SEVs). After isolation, we conducted physical characterization and cell activation studies including cytotoxicity, proliferation, and anti-inflammation effect assays. RESULTS The physical characterization results showed circular SEVs in the size range of 66-480 nm. These SEVs contained large amounts of protein cargo, infiltrated the synoviocyte membrane without damage, and had a suppressive effect on inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION This study established an extraction process for EVs from sea cucumber and reported the anti-inflammatory ability of SEVs. Isolated SEVs can be further utilized for tissue regeneration studies and can be compared to various marine or animal-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Han Jo
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.,The Center for Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 PLUS), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsu Kim
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea. .,The Center for Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 PLUS), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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O'Neill JD, Pinezich MR, Guenthart BA, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Gut bioengineering strategies for regenerative medicine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G1-G11. [PMID: 33174453 PMCID: PMC8112187 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00206.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal disease burden continues to rise in the United States and worldwide. The development of bioengineering strategies to model gut injury or disease and to reestablish functional gut tissue could expand therapeutic options and improve clinical outcomes. Current approaches leverage a rapidly evolving gut bioengineering toolkit aimed at 1) de novo generation of gutlike tissues at multiple scales for microtissue models or implantable grafts and 2) regeneration of functional gut in vivo. Although significant progress has been made in intestinal organoid cultures and engineered tissues, development of predictive in vitro models and effective regenerative therapies remains challenging. In this review, we survey emerging bioengineering tools and recent methodological advances to identify current challenges and future opportunities in gut bioengineering for disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D O'Neill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Meghan R Pinezich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Brandon A Guenthart
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Aguilar-Rojas A, Olivo-Marin JC, Guillen N. Human intestinal models to study interactions between intestine and microbes. Open Biol 2020; 10:200199. [PMID: 33081633 PMCID: PMC7653360 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementations of suitable in vitro cell culture systems of the human intestine have been essential tools in the study of the interaction among organs, commensal microbiota, pathogens and parasites. Due to the great complexity exhibited by the intestinal tissue, researchers have been developing in vitro/ex vivo systems to diminish the gap between conventional cell culture models and the human intestine. These models are able to reproduce different structures and functional aspects of the tissue. In the present review, information is recapitulated on the most used models, such as cell culture, intestinal organoids, scaffold-based three-dimensional models, and organ-on-a-chip and their use in studying the interaction between human intestine and microbes, and their advantages and limitations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Aguilar-Rojas
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad en Ginecología y Obstetricia No. 4 ‘Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala’, Av. Río Magdalena No. 289, Col. Tizapán San Ángel, C.P. 01090 Ciudad de México, México
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Analyse d'Images Biologiques, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Analyse d'Images Biologiques, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3691, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nancy Guillen
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Analyse d'Images Biologiques, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERL9195, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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Olvera D, Sathy BN, Kelly DJ. Spatial Presentation of Tissue-Specific Extracellular Matrix Components along Electrospun Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering the Bone-Ligament Interface. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5145-5161. [PMID: 33455265 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The bone-ligament interface transitions from a highly organized type I collagen rich matrix to a nonmineralized fibrocartilage region and finally to a mineralized fibrocartilage region that interfaces with the bone. Therefore, engineering the bone-ligament interface requires a biomaterial substrate capable of maintaining or directing the spatially defined differentiation of multiple cell phenotypes. To date the appropriate combination of biophysical and biochemical factors that can be used to engineer such a biomaterial substrate remain unknown. Here we show that microfiber scaffolds functionalized with tissue-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) components can direct the differentiation of MSCs toward the phenotypes seen at the bone-ligament interface. Ligament-ECM (L-ECM) promoted the expression of the ligament-marker gene tenomodulin (TNMD) and higher levels of type I and III collagen expression compared to functionalization with commercially available type I collagen. Functionalization of microfiber scaffolds with cartilage-ECM (C-ECM) promoted chondrogenesis of MSCs, as evidenced by adoption of a round cell morphology and increased SRY-box 9 (SOX9) expression in the absence of exogenous growth factors. Next, we fabricated a multiphasic scaffold by controlling the spatial presentation of L-ECM and C-ECM along the length of a single electrospun microfiber construct, with the distal region of the C-ECM coated fibers additionally functionalized with an apatite layer (using simulated body fluid) to promote endochondral ossification. These ECM functionalized scaffolds promoted spatially defined differentiation of MSCs, with higher expression of TNMD observed in the region functionalized with L-ECM, and higher expression of type X collagen and osteopontin (markers of endochondral ossification) observed at the end of the scaffold functionalized with C-ECM and the apatite coating. Our results demonstrate the utility of tissue-specific ECM derived components as a cue for directing MSC differentiation when engineering complex multiphasic interfaces such as the bone-ligament enthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinorath Olvera
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Binulal N Sathy
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala 682041, India
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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40
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Mendibil U, Ruiz-Hernandez R, Retegi-Carrion S, Garcia-Urquia N, Olalde-Graells B, Abarrategi A. Tissue-Specific Decellularization Methods: Rationale and Strategies to Achieve Regenerative Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5447. [PMID: 32751654 PMCID: PMC7432490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network with multiple functions, including specific functions during tissue regeneration. Precisely, the properties of the ECM have been thoroughly used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research, aiming to restore the function of damaged or dysfunctional tissues. Tissue decellularization is gaining momentum as a technique to obtain potentially implantable decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) with well-preserved key components. Interestingly, the tissue-specific dECM is becoming a feasible option to carry out regenerative medicine research, with multiple advantages compared to other approaches. This review provides an overview of the most common methods used to obtain the dECM and summarizes the strategies adopted to decellularize specific tissues, aiming to provide a helpful guide for future research development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Mendibil
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (N.G.-U.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Raquel Ruiz-Hernandez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
| | - Sugoi Retegi-Carrion
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
| | - Nerea Garcia-Urquia
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (N.G.-U.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Olalde-Graells
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (N.G.-U.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; (U.M.); (R.R.-H.); (S.R.-C.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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41
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Naranjo JD, Saldin LT, Sobieski E, Quijano LM, Hill RC, Chan PG, Torres C, Dziki JL, Cramer MC, Lee YC, Das R, Bajwa AK, Nossair R, Klimak M, Marchal L, Patel S, Velankar SS, Hansen KC, McGrath K, Badylak SF. Esophageal extracellular matrix hydrogel mitigates metaplastic change in a dog model of Barrett's esophagus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba4526. [PMID: 32656339 PMCID: PMC7329334 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory gastric reflux alters the esophageal microenvironment and induces metaplastic transformation of the epithelium, a precancerous condition termed Barrett's esophagus (BE). The microenvironmental niche, which includes the extracellular matrix (ECM), substantially influences cell phenotype. ECM harvested from normal porcine esophageal mucosa (eECM) was formulated as a mucoadhesive hydrogel, and shown to largely retain basement membrane and matrix-cell adhesion proteins. Dogs with BE were treated orally with eECM hydrogel and omeprazole (n = 6) or omeprazole alone (n = 2) for 30 days. eECM treatment resolved esophagitis, reverted metaplasia to a normal, squamous epithelium in four of six animals, and downregulated the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α+ cell infiltrate compared to control animals. The metaplastic tissue in control animals (n = 2) did not regress. The results suggest that in vivo alteration of the microenvironment with a site-appropriate, mucoadhesive ECM hydrogel can mitigate the inflammatory and metaplastic response in a dog model of BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Naranjo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lindsey T. Saldin
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Eric Sobieski
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Lina M. Quijano
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ryan C. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Patrick G. Chan
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Crisanto Torres
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jenna L. Dziki
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Madeline C. Cramer
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yoojin C. Lee
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rohit Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anant K. Bajwa
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Rania Nossair
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Molly Klimak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Lucile Marchal
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Shil Patel
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Sachin S. Velankar
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kevin McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Chen Y, Lee K, Yang Y, Kawazoe N, Chen G. PLGA-collagen-ECM hybrid meshes mimicking stepwise osteogenesis and their influence on the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025027. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab782b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The Extracellular Matrix: An Accomplice in Gastric Cancer Development and Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020394. [PMID: 32046329 PMCID: PMC7072625 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and highly organized tissue structure, providing support and maintaining normal epithelial architecture. In the last decade, increasing evidence has emerged demonstrating that alterations in ECM composition and assembly strongly affect cellular function and behavior. Even though the detailed mechanisms underlying cell-ECM crosstalk are yet to unravel, it is well established that ECM deregulation accompanies the development of many pathological conditions, such as gastric cancer. Notably, gastric cancer remains a worldwide concern, representing the third most frequent cause of cancer-associated deaths. Despite increased surveillance protocols, patients are usually diagnosed at advanced disease stages, urging the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers and efficient therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview regarding expression patterns of ECM components and cognate receptors described in normal gastric epithelium, pre-malignant lesions, and gastric carcinomas. Important insights are also discussed for the use of ECM-associated molecules as predictive biomarkers of the disease or as potential targets in gastric cancer.
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Henry JJD, Delrosario L, Fang J, Wong SY, Fang Q, Sievers R, Kotha S, Wang A, Farmer D, Janaswamy P, Lee RJ, Li S. Development of Injectable Amniotic Membrane Matrix for Postmyocardial Infarction Tissue Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1900544. [PMID: 31778043 PMCID: PMC6986802 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease represents the leading cause of death worldwide. Heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with severe fibrosis formation and cardiac remodeling. Recently, injectable hydrogels have emerged as a promising approach to repair the infarcted heart and improve heart function through minimally invasive administration. Here, a novel injectable human amniotic membrane (hAM) matrix is developed to enhance cardiac regeneration following MI. Human amniotic membrane is isolated from human placenta and engineered to be a thermoresponsive, injectable gel around body temperature. Ultrasound-guided injection of hAM matrix into rat MI hearts significantly improves cardiac contractility, as measured by ejection fraction (EF), and decrease fibrosis. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of engineering as an injectable hAM matrix and its efficacy in attenuating degenerative changes in cardiac function following MI, which may have broad applications in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J D Henry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lawrence Delrosario
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sze Yue Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Qizhi Fang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Richard Sievers
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Surya Kotha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Diana Farmer
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Praneeth Janaswamy
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Randall J Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Beaulieu JF. Integrin α6β4 in Colorectal Cancer: Expression, Regulation, Functional Alterations and Use as a Biomarker. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010041. [PMID: 31877793 PMCID: PMC7016599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α6β4 is one of the main laminin receptors and is primarily expressed by epithelial cells as an active component of hemidesmosomes. In this article, after a brief summary about integrins in the gut epithelium in general, I review the knowledge and clinical potential of this receptor in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Most CRC cells overexpress both α6 and β4 subunits, in situ in primary tumours as well as in established CRC cell lines. The mechanisms that lead to overexpression have not yet been elucidated but clearly involve specific transcription factors such as MYC. From a functional point of view, one key element affecting CRC cell behaviour is the relocalization of α6β4 to the actin cytoskeleton, favouring a more migratory and anoikis-resistant phenotype. Another major element is its expression under various molecular forms that have the distinct ability to interact with ligands (α6β4 ± ctd) or to promote pro- or anti-proliferative properties (α6Aβ4 vs. α6Bβ4). The integrin α6β4 is thus involved in most steps susceptible to participation with CRC progression. The potential clinical significance of this integrin has begun to be investigated and recent studies have shown that ITGA6 and ITGB4 can be useful biomarkers for CRC early detection in a non-invasive assay and as a prognostic factor, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; ; Tel.: +1-819-821-8000 (ext. 75269)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Mortensen JH, Lindholm M, Langholm LL, Kjeldsen J, Bay-Jensen AC, Karsdal MA, Manon-Jensen T. The intestinal tissue homeostasis - the role of extracellular matrix remodeling in inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:977-993. [PMID: 31587588 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1673729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling of the intestinal tissue is important in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to the extensive mucosal remodeling. There are still gaps in our knowledge as to how ECM remodeling is related to intestinal epithelium homeostasis and healing of the intestinal mucosa.Areas covered: The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of the ECM in relation to the pathogenesis of IBD, while addressing basement membrane and interstitial matrix remodeling, and the processes of wound healing of the intestinal tissue in IBD.Expert opinion: In IBD, basement membrane remodeling may reflect the integrity of the intestinal epithelial-cell homeostasis. The interstitial matrix remodeling is associated with deep inflammation such as the transmural inflammation as seen in fistulas and intestinal fibrosis leading to fibrostenotic strictures, in patients with CD. The interplay between wound healing processes and ECM remodeling also affects the tissue homeostasis in IBD. The interstitial matrix, produced by fibroblasts, holds a very different biology as compared to the epithelial basement membrane in IBD. In combination with integration of wound healing, quantifying the interplay between damage and repair to these sub compartments may provide essential information in IBD patient profiling, mucosal healing and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Mortensen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M Lindholm
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - L L Langholm
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J Kjeldsen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - A C Bay-Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - T Manon-Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark
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Saleh T, Ahmed E, Yu L, Kwak HH, Kang BJ, Park KM, Choi KY, Kim BM, Kang KS, Woo HM. Characterization of silver nanoparticle-modified decellularized rat esophagus for esophageal tissue engineering: Structural properties and biocompatibility. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:613-621. [PMID: 31128971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized esophageal matrices are ideal scaffolds for esophageal tissue engineering. Unfortunately, in order to improve transplantation possibilities, they require modification to reduce their degradation rate and immunogenicity. To date, no modifying agent has been approved to overcome these limitations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to improve the structural stability and biocompatibility of decellularized rat esophagi. AgNPs have the advantage over currently used agents in that they bind with collagen fibers in a highly ordered manner, via non-covalent binding mechanisms forming multiple binding sites, while other agents provide only two-point connections between collagen molecules. Rat esophagi were decellularized, loaded with 5 μg/mL of AgNPs (100 nm), and then treated with an immobilization-complex buffer composed of ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS). Then, they were evaluated in terms of ultra-structural morphology, water uptake, in vitro resistance to enzymatic and thermal degradation, indentation strength, in vitro anti-calcification, cytocompatibility with rat bone marrow derived stromal cells (rat-BMSCs), angiogenic properties, and in vivo biocompatibility, and compared to scaffolds modified using glutaraldehyde and EDC/NHS complex buffer alone. AgNP-modified scaffolds showed an improved ultrastructure, good water uptake, and considerable resistance against in vitro degradation and indentation, and a high resistance against in vitro calcification. Moreover, they were cytocompatible for allogeneic rat-BMSCs. Additionally, AgNPs did not alter the angiogenic properties of the modified scaffolds and decreased host immune responses after their subcutaneous implantation. The structural properties and biocompatibility of decellularized esophageal matrices could be improved by conjugation with AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Saleh
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ebtehal Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Lina Yu
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Hyun Kwak
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Choi
- Department of Controlled Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Moo Kim
- Department of Medicine, GI Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Myong Woo
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Hussey GS, Dziki JL, Lee YC, Bartolacci JG, Behun M, Turnquist HR, Badylak SF. Matrix bound nanovesicle-associated IL-33 activates a pro-remodeling macrophage phenotype via a non-canonical, ST2-independent pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:26-35. [PMID: 31656879 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative healing response of injured skeletal muscle is dependent upon an appropriately timed switch from a local type-I to a type-II immune response. Biologic scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix (ECM) have been shown to facilitate a macrophage phenotype transition that leads to downstream site-appropriate functional tissue deposition and myogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which ECM directs the switching of immune cell phenotype are only partially understood. Herein, we provide the first evidence that matrix bound nanovesicles (MBV) embedded within ECM-scaffolds are a rich and stable source of interleukin-33 (IL-33), an alarmin/cytokine with emerging reparative properties. We show that IL-33 encapsulated within MBV bypass the classical IL33/ST2 receptor signaling pathway to direct macrophage differentiation into the reparative, pro-remodeling M2 phenotype, which in turn facilitates myogenesis of skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Our results suggest the potential of IL-33+ MBV as a clinical therapy to augment the restorative efficacy of existing ECM-based and non-ECM based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Hussey
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jenna L Dziki
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yoojin C Lee
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Joseph G Bartolacci
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Marissa Behun
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA
| | - Hēth R Turnquist
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3110, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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50
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Li X, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Guo W, Chen G, Tian W. Development of immortalized Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cell lines for cementum and dentin regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:3. [PMID: 30606270 PMCID: PMC6319004 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) is important in guiding tooth root formation by differentiating into cementoblasts through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inducing odontoblastic differentiation of dental papilla through epithelial–mesenchymal interaction (EMI) during the tooth root development. Thus, HERS cells are critical for cementum and dentin formation and might be a potential cell source to achieve tooth root regeneration. However, limited availability and lifespan of primary HERS cells may represent an obstacle for biological investigation and therapeutic use of tooth tissue engineering. Therefore, we constructed, characterized, and tested the functionality of immortalized cell lines in order to produce a more readily available alternative to HERS cells. Methods Primary HERS cells were immortalized via infection with lentivirus vector containing the gene encoding simian virus 40 Large T Antigen (SV40LT). Immortalized HERS cell subclones were isolated using a limiting dilution method, and subclones named HERS-H1 and HERS-C2 cells were isolated. The characteristics of HERS-H1 and HERS-C2 cells, including cell proliferation, ability of epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and epithelial–mesenchymal interaction, were determined by CCK-8 assay, immunofluorescence staining, and real-time PCR. The cell differentiation into cementoblast-like cells or periodontal fibroblast-like cells was confirmed in vivo. And the inductive influence of the cell lines on dental papilla cells (DPCs) was also confirmed in vivo. Results HERS-H1 and HERS-C2 cells share some common features with primary HERS cells such as epithelial-like morphology, positive expression of CK14, E-Cadherin, and Vimentin, and undergoing EMT in response to TGF-beta. HERS-C2 cells showed the EMT characteristics and could differentiate into cementum-forming cells in vitro and generate cementum-like tissue in vivo. HERS-H1 could induce the differentiation of DPCs into odontoblasts in vitro and generation of dentin-like tissue in vivo. Conclusions We successfully isolated and characterized novel cell lines representing two key features of HERS cells during the tooth root development and which were useful substitutes for primary HERS cells, thereby providing a biologically relevant, unlimited cell source for studies on cell biology, developmental biology, and tooth root regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1106-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sicheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zirui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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