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Jergitsch M, Alluè-Mengual Z, Perez RA, Mateos-Timoneda MA. A systematic approach to improve printability and cell viability of methylcellulose-based bioinks. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127461. [PMID: 37852401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Printability in 3D extrusion bioprinting encompasses extrudability, filament formation, and shape fidelity. Rheological properties can predict the shape fidelity of printed hydrogels. In particular, tan(δ), the ratio between loss (G'') and storage (G') modulus (G''/G'), is a powerful indicator of printability. This study explores the effect of different salt, sucrose, and MC concentrations on tan(δ), and therefore the printability of methylcellulose (MC) hydrogels. Salt and sucrose increased G', lowering tan(δ) and enabling printing of scaffolds with high shape fidelity. Conversely, MC concentration increased G'' and G', having a lesser effect on tan(δ). Shape fidelity of three formulations with similar G' but varying tan(δ) values were compared. Higher tan(δ) led to reduced height, while lower tan(δ) improved shape fidelity. Cell viability increased when reducing MC content, extrusion rate, and nozzle gauge. Higher MC concentration (G' > 1.5 kPa) increased the influence of needle size and extrusion rate on cell viability. Hydrogels with G' < 1 kPa could be extruded at high rates with small nozzles, minimally affecting cell viability. This work shows a direct relationship between tan(δ) and printability of MC-based hydrogels. Lowering the complex modulus of hydrogels, mitigates extrusion stress, thus improving cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Jergitsch
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, JosepTrueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoe Alluè-Mengual
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, JosepTrueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman A Perez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, JosepTrueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, JosepTrueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Merino-Gómez M, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Eckhard U, Gil FJ, Perez RA. Advanced Binary Guanosine and Guanosine 5'-Monophosphate Cell-Laden Hydrogels for Soft Tissue Reconstruction by 3D Bioprinting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37319328 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue defects or pathologies frequently necessitate the use of biomaterials that provide the volume required for subsequent vascularization and tissue formation as autrografts are not always a feasible alternative. Supramolecular hydrogels represent promising candidates because of their 3D structure, which resembles the native extracellular matrix, and their capacity to entrap and sustain living cells. Guanosine-based hydrogels have emerged as prime candidates in recent years since the nucleoside self-assembles into well-ordered structures like G-quadruplexes by coordinating K+ ions and π-π stacking, ultimately forming an extensive nanofibrillar network. However, such compositions were frequently inappropriate for 3D printing due to material spreading and low shape stability over time. Thus, the present work aimed to develop a binary cell-laden hydrogel capable of ensuring cell survival while providing enough stability to ensure scaffold biointegration during soft tissue reconstruction. For that purpose, a binary hydrogel made of guanosine and guanosine 5'-monophosphate was optimized, rat mesenchymal stem cells were entrapped, and the composition was bioprinted. To further increase stability, the printed structure was coated with hyperbranched polyethylenimine. Scanning electron microscopic studies demonstrated an extensive nanofibrillar network, indicating excellent G-quadruplex formation, and rheological analysis confirmed good printing and thixotropic qualities. Additionally, diffusion tests using fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled-dextran (70, 500, and 2000 kDa) showed that nutrients of various molecular weights may diffuse through the hydrogel scaffold. Finally, cells were evenly distributed throughout the printed scaffold, cell survival was 85% after 21 days, and lipid droplet formation was observed after 7 days under adipogenic conditions, indicating successful differentiation and proper cell functioning. To conclude, such hydrogels may enable the 3D bioprinting of customized scaffolds perfectly matching the respective soft tissue defect, thereby potentially improving the outcome of the tissue reconstruction intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Maria Merino-Gómez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Ulrich Eckhard
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Higher Scientific Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - F Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Roman A Perez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
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Merino-Gómez M, Godoy-Gallardo M, Wendner M, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Gil FJ, Perez RA. Optimization of guanosine-based hydrogels with boric acid derivatives for enhanced long-term stability and cell survival. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1147943. [PMID: 37020512 PMCID: PMC10069680 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1147943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue defects can lead to serious health problems and often require grafts or transplants to repair damaged soft tissues. However, these procedures can be complex and may not always be feasible due to a lack of available tissue. Hydrogels have shown potential as a replacement for tissue grafts due to their ability to support cell survival and encapsulate biomolecules such as growth factors. In particular, guanosine-based hydrogels have been explored as a potential solution, but they often exhibit limited stability which hampers their use in the biofabrication of complex grafts. To address this issue, we explored the use of borate ester chemistry and more complex boric acid derivatives to improve the stability and properties of guanosine-based hydrogels. We hypothesized that the aromatic rings in these derivatives would enhance the stability and printability of the hydrogels through added π-π stack interactions. After optimization, 13 compositions containing either 2-naphthylboronic acid or boric acid were selected. Morphology studies shows a well-defined nanofibrilar structure with good printable properties (thixotropic behaviour, print fidelity and printability). Moreover, the pH of all tested hydrogels was within the range suitable for cell viability (7.4–8.3). Nevertheless, only the boric acid-based formulations were stable for at least 7 days. Thus, our results clearly demonstrated that the presence of additional aromatic rings did actually impair the hydrogel properties. We speculate that this is due to steric hindrance caused by adjacent groups, which disrupt the correct orientation of the aromatic groups required for effective π-π stack interactions of the guanosine building block. Despite this drawback, the developed guanosine-boric acid hydrogel exhibited good thixotropic properties and was able to support cell survival, proliferation, and migration. For instance, SaOS-2 cells planted on these printed structures readily migrated into the hydrogel and showed nearly 100% cell viability after 7 days. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential of guanosine-boric acid hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds that can be readily enhanced with living cells and bioactive molecules. Thus, our work represents a significant advancement towards the development of functionalized guanosine-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Merino-Gómez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maria Godoy-Gallardo, ; Roman A. Perez,
| | - Mathias Wendner
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Mateos-Timoneda
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - F. Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Roman A. Perez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maria Godoy-Gallardo, ; Roman A. Perez,
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Merino-Gómez M, Matiz LC, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Gil FJ, Perez RA. Nucleoside-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels: From Synthesis and Structural Properties to Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:40-61. [PMID: 36524860 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels are of great interest in tissue scaffolding, diagnostics, and drug delivery due to their biocompatibility and stimuli-responsive properties. In particular, nucleosides are promising candidates as building blocks due to their manifold noncovalent interactions and ease of chemical modification. Significant progress in the field has been made over recent years to allow the use of nucleoside-based supramolecular hydrogels in the biomedical field, namely drug delivery and 3D bioprinting. For example, their long-term stability, printability, functionality, and bioactivity have been greatly improved by employing more than one gelator, incorporating different cations, including silver for antibacterial activity, or using additives such as boric acid or even biomolecules. This now permits their use as bioinks for 3D printing to produce cell-laden scaffolds with specified geometries and pore sizes as well as a homogeneous distribution of living cells and bioactive molecules. We have summarized the latest advances in nucleoside-based supramolecular hydrogels. Additionally, we discuss their synthesis, structural properties, and potential applications in tissue engineering and provide an outlook and future perspective on ongoing developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Department of Basic Science, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Merino-Gómez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Department of Basic Science, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisamaria C Matiz
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Department of Basic Science, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Department of Basic Science, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Department of Basic Science, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman A Perez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology (BIT), Department of Basic Science, International University of Catalonia (UIC), Carrer de Josep Trueta, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Rubí-Sans G, Nyga A, Rebollo E, Pérez-Amodio S, Otero J, Navajas D, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Engel E. Development of Cell-Derived Matrices for Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cancer Cell Models. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:44108-44123. [PMID: 34494824 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Most morphogenetic and pathological processes are driven by cells responding to the surrounding matrix, such as its composition, architecture, and mechanical properties. Despite increasing evidence for the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue and disease development, many in vitro substitutes still fail to effectively mimic the native microenvironment. We established a novel method to produce macroscale (>1 cm) mesenchymal cell-derived matrices (CDMs) aimed to mimic the fibrotic tumor microenvironment surrounding epithelial cancer cells. CDMs are produced by human adipose mesenchymal stem cells cultured in sacrificial 3D scaffold templates of fibronectin-coated poly-lactic acid microcarriers (MCs) in the presence of macromolecular crowders. We showed that decellularized CDMs closely mimic the fibrillar protein composition, architecture, and mechanical properties of human fibrotic ECM from cancer masses. CDMs had highly reproducible composition made of collagen types I and III and fibronectin ECM with tunable mechanical properties. Moreover, decellularized and MC-free CDMs were successfully repopulated with cancer cells throughout their 3D structure, and following chemotherapeutic treatment, cancer cells showed greater doxorubicin resistance compared to 3D culture in collagen hydrogels. Collectively, these results support the use of CDMs as a reproducible and tunable tool for developing 3D in vitro cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Rubí-Sans
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Agata Nyga
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Rebollo
- Molecular Imaging Platform, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Soledad Pérez-Amodio
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- IMEM-BRT group, Department of Materials Science, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès (Barcelona) 08195, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
- IMEM-BRT group, Department of Materials Science, EEBE, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona 08019, Spain
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Rubí-Sans G, Cano-Torres I, Pérez-Amodio S, Blanco-Fernandez B, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Engel E. Development and Angiogenic Potential of Cell-Derived Microtissues Using Microcarrier-Template. Biomedicines 2021; 9:232. [PMID: 33669131 PMCID: PMC8025087 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches use biomaterials in combination with cells to regenerate lost functions of tissues and organs to prevent organ transplantation. However, most of the current strategies fail in mimicking the tissue's extracellular matrix properties. In order to mimic native tissue conditions, we developed cell-derived matrix (CDM) microtissues (MT). Our methodology uses poly-lactic acid (PLA) and Cultispher® S microcarriers' (MCs') as scaffold templates, which are seeded with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs). The scaffold template allows cells to generate an extracellular matrix, which is then extracted for downstream use. The newly formed CDM provides cells with a complex physical (MT architecture) and biochemical (deposited ECM proteins) environment, also showing spontaneous angiogenic potential. Our results suggest that MTs generated from the combination of these two MCs (mixed MTs) are excellent candidates for tissue vascularization. Overall, this study provides a methodology for in-house fabrication of microtissues with angiogenic potential for downstream use in various tissue regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Rubí-Sans
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Cano-Torres
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Pérez-Amodio
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMEM-BRT Group, Department of Material Science, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Blanco-Fernandez
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Department of Basic Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMEM-BRT Group, Department of Material Science, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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Rey-Vinolas S, Castaño O, Ruiz-Macarrilla L, Llorens X, Mora JM, Engel E, Mateos-Timoneda MA. Development of a novel automatable fabrication method based on electrospinning co electrospraying for rotator cuff augmentation patches. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224661. [PMID: 31725745 PMCID: PMC6855444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotator cuff tear is one of the most common shoulder diseases. Rotator cuff augmentation (RCA) is trying to solve the high retear failure percentage after the surgery procedures (20-90%). The ideal augmentation patch must provide a temporal mechanical support during the healing process. In this work, we proposed a simple method for the fabrication of synthetic RCA patches. This method combines the use of electrospraying to produce poly-L-lactic-co-ε-caprolactone (PLC) films in an organogel form and electrospinning to produce poly(lactic) acid (PLA) nanofibers. The device consists in a combination of layers, creating a multilayered construct, enabling the possibility of tuning its mechanical properties and thickness. Besides, both techniques are simple to escalate for industrial production. A complete characterization has been performed to optimize the involved number of layers and production time of PLC films and PLA nanofibers fabrication, obtaining a final optimal configuration for RCA devices. Structural, mechanical and suture properties were evaluated. Also, the possibility of surface functionalization to improve the bioactivity of the scaffold was studied, adding aligned electrospun PLA nanofibers on the surface of the device to mimic the natural tendon topography. Surface modification was characterized by culturing adult normal human dermal fibroblasts. Lack of toxicity was detected for material presented, and cell alignment shape orientation guided by aligned fibers, mimicking tendon structure, was obtained. Cell proliferation and protein production were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Rey-Vinolas
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Castaño
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Serra Hunter Fellow, Electronics and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Bioelectronics Unit and Nanobioengineering Lab., Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Llorens
- Fundació Joan Costa Roma, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Servei de C.O.T., Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - José M. Mora
- Fundació Joan Costa Roma, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
- Servei de C.O.T., Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, EEBE campus, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Mateos-Timoneda
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, EEBE campus, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
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Mattotti M, Alvarez Z, Delgado L, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Aparicio C, Planell JA, Alcántara S, Engel E. Differential neuronal and glial behavior on flat and micro patterned chitosan films. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:569-577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mateos-Timoneda MA, Levato R, Puñet X, Cano I, Castano O, Engel E. Biofunctionalization of polymeric surfaces. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2015:1745-8. [PMID: 26736615 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Most of the synthetic polymeric biomaterials used for biomedical applications lack of functional groups able to specifically instruct cells to unlock their potential for tissue regeneration. Surface modification strategies are able to overcome this limitation by introducing bioactive cues. In this study, several functionalization approaches are analyzed. Wet chemical methods such as controlled hydrolysis of polyesters followed by biomolecules grafting by carbodiimide chemistry are simple and versatile approaches, able to succesfully improve the bioactivity of devices with virtually any architecture. Grafting of short peptides, extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) or engineered protein-like recombinamers are promising techniques to improve cell adhesion to biomaterials, including polylactic acid (PLA) and its derivatives. ECM molecules and recombinamers can present more effectively bioactive signals, even in presence of competing, nonadhesive serum proteins. Besides adhesion, surface modifications intended to improve cell attachment, play a role on other cell responses, such as migratory potential. Collagen coating were shown to enhance the expression of the migratory receptor CXCR4 in mesenchymal stromal cells, when compared to short RGD peptides, while the modality of functionalization (covalent vs. physisorbed) tuned the rate of cell migration from PLA-based microcarriers. This multiple effects have to be taken into account when designing biomaterials for cell delivery and tissue engineering. Furthermore, as we aim to recapitulate in vitro the complexity of native tissues, alternative strategies based on the generation of decellularized polymer scaffold rich in cell-deposited ECM are proposed.
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Sachot N, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Planell JA, Velders AH, Lewandowska M, Engel E, Castaño O. Towards 4th generation biomaterials: a covalent hybrid polymer-ormoglass architecture. Nanoscale 2015; 7:15349-15361. [PMID: 26332471 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04275e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid materials are being extensively investigated with the aim of mimicking the ECM microenvironment to develop effective solutions for bone tissue engineering. However, the common drawbacks of a hybrid material are the lack of interactions between the scaffold's constituents and the masking of its bioactive phase. Conventional hybrids often degrade in a non-homogeneous manner and the biological response is far from optimal. We have developed a novel material with strong interactions between constituents. The bioactive phase is directly exposed on its surface mimicking the structure of the ECM of bone. Here, polylactic acid electrospun fibers have been successfully and reproducibly coated with a bioactive organically modified glass (ormoglass, Si-Ca-P2 system) covalently. In comparison with the pure polymeric mats, the fibers obtained showed improved hydrophilicity and mechanical properties, bioactive ion release, exhibited a nanoroughness and enabled good cell adhesion and spreading after just one day of culture (rMSCs and rEPCs). The fibers were coated with different ormoglass compositions to tailor their surface properties (roughness, stiffness, and morphology) by modifying the experimental parameters. Knowing that cells modulate their behavior according to the exposed physical and chemical signals, the development of this instructive material is a valuable advance in the design of functional regenerative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sachot
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.
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Punet X, Mauchauffé R, Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Alonso M, Engel E, Mateos-Timoneda MA. Biomolecular functionalization for enhanced cell-material interactions of poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces. Regen Biomater 2015; 2:167-75. [PMID: 26816640 PMCID: PMC4669015 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of implants or medical devices into the body tissues requires of good cell-material interactions. However, most polymeric materials used for these applications lack on biological cues, which enhanced mid- and long-term implant failure due to weak integration with the surrounding tissue. Commonly used strategies for tissue-material integration focus on functionalization of the material surface by means of natural proteins or short peptides. However, the use of these biomolecules involves major drawbacks such as immunogenic problems and oversimplification of the constructs. Here, designed elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) are used to enhance poly(methyl methacrylate) surface properties and compared against the use of short peptides. In this study, cell response has been analysed for different functionalization conditions in the presence and absence of a competing protein, which interferes on surface-cell interaction by unspecific adsorption on the interface. The study has shown that ELRs can induce higher rates of cell attachment and stronger cell anchorages than short peptides, being a better choice for surface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Punet
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain,; CIBER en Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Rodolphe Mauchauffé
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - José C Rodríguez-Cabello
- CIBER en Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain,; G.I.R. Bioforge, Universidad Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid 47011, Spain and
| | - Matilde Alonso
- CIBER en Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain,; G.I.R. Bioforge, Universidad Valladolid (UVA), Valladolid 47011, Spain and
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain,; CIBER en Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain,; Department of Material Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona 08028, Spain,; CIBER en Bioingenería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain,; Department of Material Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Levato R, Planell JA, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Engel E. Role of ECM/peptide coatings on SDF-1α triggered mesenchymal stromal cell migration from microcarriers for cell therapy. Acta Biomater 2015; 18:59-67. [PMID: 25702533 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many cell therapies rely on the ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to diffuse and localize throughout the target tissue - such as tumoral and ischemic tissues-, in response to specific cytokine signals, rather than being concentrated at the site of implantation. Therefore, it is fundamental to engineer biomaterial carriers as reservoirs, from which cells can migrate, possibly in a controlled manner. In this work, microcarriers (μCs) made of polylactic acid are characterized as MSC delivery vehicles capable of modulating key chemotactic pathways. The effect of different functionalization strategies on MSC migratory behavior from the μCs is studied in vitro in relation to SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis, - a major actor in MSC recruitment, chemotaxis and homing. Collagen and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides were either covalently grafted or physisorbed on μC surface. While stable covalent modifications promoted better cell adhesion and higher proliferation compared to physisorption, the functionalization method of the μCs also affected the cells migratory behavior in response to SDF-1α (CXCL12) stimulation. Less stable coatings (physisorbed) showed sensibly higher number of migrating cells than covalent collagen/RGD coatings. The combination of physic-chemical cues provided by protein/peptide functionalization and stimuli induced by 3D culture on μCs improved MSC expression of CXCR4, and exerted a control over cell migration, a condition suitable to promote cell homing after transplantation in vivo. These are key findings to highlight the impact of surface modification approaches on chemokine-triggered cell release, and allow designing biomaterials for efficient and controlled cell delivery to damaged tissues.
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Won JE, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Castano O, Planell JA, Seo SJ, Lee EJ, Han CM, Kim HW. Fibronectin immobilization on to robotic-dispensed nanobioactive glass/polycaprolactone scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:935-42. [PMID: 25502922 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive nanocomposite scaffolds with cell-adhesive surface have excellent bone regeneration capacities. Fibronectin (FN)-immobilized nanobioactive glass (nBG)/polycaprolactone (PCL) (FN-nBG/PCL) scaffolds with an open pore architecture were generated by a robotic-dispensing technique. The surface immobilization level of FN was significantly higher on the nBG/PCL scaffolds than on the PCL scaffolds, mainly due to the incorporated nBG that provided hydrophilic chemical-linking sites. FN-nBG/PCL scaffolds significantly improved cell responses, including initial anchorage and subsequent cell proliferation. Although further in-depth studies on cell differentiation and the in vivo animal responses are required, bioactive nanocomposite scaffolds with cell-favoring surface are considered to provide promising three-dimensional substrate for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Won
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, South Korea
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Levato R, Visser J, Planell JA, Engel E, Malda J, Mateos-Timoneda MA. Biofabrication of tissue constructs by 3D bioprinting of cell-laden microcarriers. Biofabrication 2014; 6:035020. [PMID: 25048797 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/3/035020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting allows the fabrication of living constructs with custom-made architectures by spatially controlled deposition of multiple bioinks. This is important for the generation of tissue, such as osteochondral tissue, which displays a zonal composition in the cartilage domain supported by the underlying subchondral bone. Challenges in fabricating functional grafts of clinically relevant size include the incorporation of cues to guide specific cell differentiation and the generation of sufficient cells, which is hard to obtain with conventional cell culture techniques. A novel strategy to address these demands is to combine bioprinting with microcarrier technology. This technology allows for the extensive expansion of cells, while they form multi-cellular aggregates, and their phenotype can be controlled. In this work, living constructs were fabricated via bioprinting of cell-laden microcarriers. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-laden polylactic acid microcarriers, obtained via static culture or spinner flask expansion, were encapsulated in gelatin methacrylamide-gellan gum bioinks, and the printability of the composite material was studied. This bioprinting approach allowed for the fabrication of constructs with high cell concentration and viability. Microcarrier encapsulation improved the compressive modulus of the hydrogel constructs, facilitated cell adhesion, and supported osteogenic differentiation and bone matrix deposition by MSCs. Bilayered osteochondral models were fabricated using microcarrier-laden bioink for the bone compartment. These findings underscore the potential of this new microcarrier-based biofabrication approach for bone and osteochondral constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Levato
- Biomaterials for regenerative therapies group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain. CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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Mateos-Timoneda MA, Castano O, Planell JA, Engel E. Effect of structure, topography and chemistry on fibroblast adhesion and morphology. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2014; 25:1781-1787. [PMID: 24668270 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface biofunctionalisation of many biodegradable polymers is one of the used strategies to improve the biological activity of such materials. In this work, the introduction of collagen type I over the surface of a biodegradable polymer (poly lactic acid) processed in the forms of films and fibers leads to an enhancing of the cellular adhesion of human dermal fibroblast when compared to unmodified polymer and biomolecule-physisorbed polymer surface. The change of topography of the material does not affect the cellular adhesion but results in a higher proliferation of the fibroblast cultured over the fibers. Moreover, the difference of topography governs the cellular morphology, i.e. cells adopt a more stretched conformation where cultured over the films while a more elongated with lower area morphology are obtained for the cells grown over the fibers. This study is relevant for designing and modifying different biodegradable polymers for their use as scaffolds for different applications in the field of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.
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Abstract
Surface properties of biomaterials play a major role in the governing of cell functionalities. It is well known that mechanical, chemical and nanotopographic cues, for example, influence cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we present a novel coating protocol to produce hierarchically engineered fibrous scaffolds with tailorable surface characteristics, which mimic bone extracellular matrix. Based on the sol-gel method and a succession of surface treatments, hollow electrospun polylactic acid fibres were coated with a silicon-calcium-phosphate bioactive organic-inorganic glass. Compared with pure polymeric fibres that showed a completely smooth surface, the coated fibres exhibited a nanostructured topography and greater roughness. They also showed improved hydrophilic properties and a Young's modulus sixfold higher than non-coated ones, while remaining fully flexible and easy to handle. Rat mesenchymal stem cells cultured on these fibres showed great cellular spreading and interactions with the material. This protocol can be transferred to other structures and glasses, allowing the fabrication of various materials with well-defined features. This novel approach represents therefore a valuable improvement in the production of artificial matrices able to direct stem cell fate through physical and chemical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Sachot
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Rapid prototyping (RP), also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has been well received and adopted in the biomedical field. The capacity of this family of techniques to fabricate customized 3D structures with complex geometries and excellent reproducibility has revolutionized implantology and regenerative medicine. In particular, nozzle-based systems allow the fabrication of high-resolution polylactic acid (PLA) structures that are of interest in regenerative medicine. These 3D structures find interesting applications in the regenerative medicine field where promising applications including biodegradable templates for tissue regeneration purposes, 3D in vitro platforms for studying cell response to different scaffolds conditions and for drug screening are considered among others. Scaffolds functionality depends not only on the fabrication technique, but also on the material used to build the 3D structure, the geometry and inner architecture of the structure, and the final surface properties. All being crucial parameters affecting scaffolds success. This Commentary emphasizes the importance of these parameters in scaffolds' fabrication and also draws the attention toward the versatility of these PLA scaffolds as a potential tool in regenerative medicine and other medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Serra
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC); Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC); Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Planell
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC); Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Barcelona, Spain; Technical University of Catalonia (UPC); Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melba Navarro
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC); Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); Barcelona, Spain
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Punet X, Mauchauffé R, Giannotti MI, Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Sanz F, Engel E, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Planell JA. Enhanced cell-material interactions through the biofunctionalization of polymeric surfaces with engineered peptides. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2690-702. [PMID: 23805782 DOI: 10.1021/bm4005436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on surface modification of polymeric materials to guide the cellular activity in biomaterials designed for tissue engineering applications has mostly focused on the use of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and short peptides, such as RGD. However, the use of engineered proteins can gather the advantages of these strategies and avoid the main drawbacks. In this study, recombinant engineered proteins called elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) have been used to functionalize poly(lactic) acid (PLA) model surfaces. The structure of the ELRs has been designed to include the integrin ligand RGDS and the cross-linking module VPGKG. Surface functionalization has been characterized and optimized by means of ELISA and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results suggest that ELR functionalization creates a nonfouling canvas able to restrict unspecific adsorption of proteins. Moreover, AFM analysis reveals the conformation and disposition of ELRs on the surface. Biological performance of PLA surfaces functionalized with ELRs has been studied and compared with the use of short peptides. Cell response has been assessed for different functionalization conditions in the presence and absence of the bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein, which could interfere with the surface-cell interaction by adsorbing on the interface. Studies have shown that ELRs are able to elicit higher rates of cell attachment, stronger cell anchorages and faster levels of proliferation than peptides. This work has demonstrated that the use of engineered proteins is a more efficient strategy to guide the cellular activity than the use of short peptides, because they not only allow for better cell attachment and proliferation, but also can provide more complex properties such as the creation of nonfouling surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Punet
- Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Álvarez Z, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Hyroššová P, Castaño O, Planell JA, Perales JC, Engel E, Alcántara S. The effect of the composition of PLA films and lactate release on glial and neuronal maturation and the maintenance of the neuronal progenitor niche. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2221-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Levato R, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Planell JA. Preparation of biodegradable polylactide microparticles via a biocompatible procedure. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:557-66. [PMID: 22362713 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PLA MPs are prepared via a novel and toxic-chemical-free fabrication route using ethyl lactate, a green solvent and FDA-approved aroma. MPs are obtained by a solution jet break-up and solvent displacement method. Adjusting flow parameters allows the tuning of MPs size between 60 and 180 µm, with reduced polydispersity. Morphological analysis shows microporous particles with Janus-like surface. A fluorophore is successfully loaded into the MPs during their formation step. This versatile green solvent-based procedure is proven to be suitable for drug encapsulation and delivery applications. The method may be extended to different droplet generation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Levato
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) and CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Edifici Helix, C/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Piest M, Lin C, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Lok MC, Hennink WE, Feijen J, Engbersen JF. Novel poly(amido amine)s with bioreducible disulfide linkages in their diamino-units: Structure effects and in vitro gene transfer properties. J Control Release 2008; 130:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
This article describes two different types of dynamic combinatorial libraries of host and guest molecules. The first part of this article describes the encapsulation of alizarin trimer 2a3 by dynamic mixtures of up to twenty different self-assembled molecular receptors together with the amplification and selection of the best binder. Receptors (1a-d)3.(DEB)6 are formed by the self-assembly of six diethyl barbiturate (DEB) and calix[4]arene dimelamine derivatives 1a-d by using hydrogen bonds. The largest amplification factor (2.8) for a host assembly (1a3.(DEB)6) was observed after the addition of 2a to four-component library 1a(n).1b(3-n).(DEB)6 (n=0-3). Addition of 2a to twenty-component library 1a(n).1b(m).1c(o).1d(3-(n+m+o)).(DEB)6 (n, m, o=0-3; (n+m+o)<or=3) also showed amplification of receptor 1a3.(DEB)6. The second part of this article describes the complexation of libraries of different alizarin-like guest molecules (2a-d) and the self-assembled receptor 1a3.(DEB)6. This receptor is able to template the formation of the best-fitting guest trimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M C A Kerckhoffs
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Mateos-Timoneda MA, Kerckhoffs JMCA, Reinhoudt DN, Crego-Calama M. Selective intercalation of six ligand molecules in a self-assembled triple helix. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:447-9. [PMID: 17252126 DOI: 10.1039/b617895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The addition of a ligand molecule to an artificial self-assembled triple helix leads to the selective intercalation of two hydrogen-bonded trimers in specific binding pockets. Furthermore, the triple helix suffers large conformational rearrangements in order to accommodate the ligand molecules in a highly organized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Mateos-Timoneda
- a Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology , MESA Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mercedes Crego-Calama
- a Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology , MESA Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - David N. Reinhoudt
- a Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology , MESA Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The amplification of chirality in hydrogen-bonded tetrarosette assemblies under thermodynamic equilibrium is described. The extent of the chiral amplification obtained by means of "sergeants-and-soldiers" experiments depends only on the structure of the assembly and it is independent of the methodology used for the formation of the tetrarosette assemblies. The difference in free energy (deltaG(o)(M/P)) between the M- and P-diastereomeric helices is up to 40 times higher than for double rosette assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Kerckhoffs JMCA, ten Cate MGJ, Mateos-Timoneda MA, van Leeuwen FWB, Snellink-Ruël B, Spek AL, Kooijman H, Crego-Calama M, Reinhoudt DN. Selective Self-Organization of Guest Molecules in Self-Assembled Molecular Boxes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:12697-708. [PMID: 16144420 DOI: 10.1021/ja0536973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis and binding properties of highly selective noncovalent molecular receptors 1(3).(DEB)6 and 3(3).(DEB)6 for different hydroxyl functionalized anthraquinones 2. These receptors are formed by the self-assembly of three calix[4]arene dimelamine derivative molecules (1 or 3) and six diethylbarbiturate (DEB) molecules to give 1(3).(DEB)6 or 3(3).(DEB)6. Encapsulation of 2 occurs in a highly organized manner; that is, a noncovalent hydrogen-bonded trimer of 2 is formed within the hydrogen-bonded receptors 1(3).(DEB)6 and 3(3).(DEB)6. Both receptors 1(3).(DEB)6 and 3(3).(DEB)6 change conformation from staggered to eclipsed upon complexation to afford a better fit for the 2(3) trimer. The receptor selectivity toward different anthraquinone derivatives 2 has been studied using 1H NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, UV spectroscopy, and isothermal microcalorimetry (ITC). The pi-pi stacking between the electron-deficient center ring of the anthraquinone derivatives 2a-c and 2e-g and the relatively electron-poor melamine units of the receptor is the driving force for the encapsulation of the guest molecules. The selectivity of the hydrogen-bonded host for the anthraquinone derivatives is the result of steric interactions between the guest molecules and the calix[4]arene aromatic rings of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M C A Kerckhoffs
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Mateos-Timoneda MA, Kerckhoffs JMCA, Crego-Calama M, Reinhoudt DN. Ditopic Complexation and Release of Neutral Guest Molecules by a Hydrogen-Bonded “Endo-Exo” Receptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mateos-Timoneda MA, Kerckhoffs JMCA, Crego-Calama M, Reinhoudt DN. Ditopic Complexation and Release of Neutral Guest Molecules by a Hydrogen-Bonded “Endo-Exo” Receptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:3248-53. [PMID: 15844120 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Self-assembly plays an important role in the formation of many (chiral) biological structures, such as DNA, alpha-helices or beta-sheets of proteins. This process, which is the main tool of Supramolecular Chemistry (i.e. the chemistry of the molecular assemblies and of the intermolecular bonds), starts to play a significant role in nanotechnology for the construction of functional synthetic structures of nanometer size. The control of chirality in synthetic self-assembled systems is very important for applications of these systems e.g. in molecular recognition or mimicking of the catalytic activity of enzymes. This tutorial review deals with the most representative contributions in the field of supramolecular chirality. Specifically, the discussion centers on several examples that represent the control over chirality for self-assembled systems in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Mateos-Timoneda
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Ishi-i T, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Timmerman P, Crego-Calama M, Reinhoudt DN, Shinkai S. Self-assembled receptors that stereoselectively recognize a saccharide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2003; 42:2300-5. [PMID: 12772168 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200350956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Ishi-i
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Sandoval C, Redero E, Mateos-Timoneda MA, Bermejo FA. Suitable entry to a 10-membered ring with eleutheside functionality through Nozaki–Hiyama condensation. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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