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Hong D, Kim HK, Yang W, Yoon C, Kim M, Yang CS, Yoon S. Integrative analysis of single-cell RNA-seq and gut microbiome metabarcoding data elucidates macrophage dysfunction in mice with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:731. [PMID: 38879692 PMCID: PMC11180211 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a significant inflammatory bowel disease caused by an abnormal immune response to gut microbes. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of how immune and metabolic changes specifically contribute to this disease. Our research aims to address this gap by examining mouse colons after inducing ulcerative colitis-like symptoms. Employing single-cell RNA-seq and 16 s rRNA amplicon sequencing to analyze distinct cell clusters and microbiomes in the mouse colon at different time points after induction with dextran sodium sulfate. We observe a significant reduction in epithelial populations during acute colitis, indicating tissue damage, with a partial recovery observed in chronic inflammation. Analyses of cell-cell interactions demonstrate shifts in networking patterns among different cell types during disease progression. Notably, macrophage phenotypes exhibit diversity, with a pronounced polarization towards the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype in chronic conditions, suggesting the role of macrophage heterogeneity in disease severity. Increased expression of Nampt and NOX2 complex subunits in chronic UC macrophages contributes to the inflammatory processes. The chronic UC microbiome exhibits reduced taxonomic diversity compared to healthy conditions and acute UC. The study also highlights the role of T cell differentiation in the context of dysbiosis and its implications in colitis progression, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to modulate the inflammatory response and immune balance in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawon Hong
- RNA Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate Department of Bioconvergence Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Keun Kim
- Dept of Molecular and Life Science and Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Korea
| | - Wonhee Yang
- Department of AI-based Convergence, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanjin Yoon
- Dept of Molecular and Life Science and Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Computer Science, College of SW Convergence, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Su Yang
- Dept of Medicinal and Life Science and Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Korea.
| | - Seokhyun Yoon
- Department of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Wan J, Zhang X, Li Z, Mo F, Tang D, Xiao H, Wang J, Rong G, Liu T. Oxidative Stress Amplifiers as Immunogenic Cell Death Nanoinducers Disrupting Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis for Cancer Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 12:e2202710. [PMID: 36527737 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is generally believed to be an important prerequisite for immunogenic cell death (ICD) which can trigger antitumor immune responses for cancer immunotherapy. However, thus far, little is known between the oxidative stress in a certain organelle other than ER and ICD. Herein, polymers for preparing ROS-responsive nanoparticles (NP-I-CA-TPP) with mitochondrial targeting performance as ICD nanoinducers are designed. It is believed that NP-I-CA-TPP can target mitochondria which are extremely important organelles intimately involved in cellular stress signaling to play an important role in the induction of ICD. NP-I-CA-TPP can amplify cinnamaldehyde (CA)-induced ROS damage by iodo-thiol click chemistry-mediated glutathione depletion in cancer cells. Finally, NP-I-CA-TPP is shown to disrupt mitochondrial redox homeostasis, amplify mitochondrial oxidative stress, promote cancer cell apoptosis via inducing ICD, and triggering the body's antitumor immune response for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wan
- Department of orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
| | - Fuhao Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China.,Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, P. R. China
| | - Guanghua Rong
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P. R. China
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3
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Tang H, Jiang X, Zhang J, Pei C, Zhao X, Li L, Kong X. Teleost CD4 + helper T cells: Molecular characteristics and functions and comparison with mammalian counterparts. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 240:110316. [PMID: 34474261 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ helper T cells play key and diverse roles in inducing adaptive immune responses in vertebrates. The CD4 molecule, which is found on the surfaces of CD4+ helper T cells, can be used to distinguish subsets of helper T cells. Teleosts are the oldest living species with bona-fide CD4 coreceptors. Although some components of immune systems of teleosts and mammals appear to be similar, many physiological differences are represented between them. Previous studies have shown that two CD4 paralogs are present in teleosts, whereas only one is present in mammals. Therefore, in this review, the CD4 molecular structure, expression profiles, subpopulations, and biological functions of teleost CD4+ helper T cells were summarized and compared with those of their mammalian counterparts to understand the differences in CD4 molecules between teleosts and mammals. This review provides suggestions for further studies on the CD4 molecular function and regulatory mechanism of CD4+ helper T cells in teleost fish and will help establish therapeutic strategies to control fish diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Tang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China; Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chao Pei
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China; Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan Province, PR China.
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4
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Walens A, Olsson LT, Gao X, Hamilton AM, Kirk EL, Cohen SM, Midkiff BR, Xia Y, Sherman ME, Nikolaishvili-Feinberg N, Serody JS, Hoadley KA, Troester MA, Calhoun BC. Protein-based immune profiles of basal-like vs. luminal breast cancers. J Transl Med 2021; 101:785-793. [PMID: 33623115 PMCID: PMC8140991 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes play an important, but incompletely understood role in chemotherapy response and prognosis. In breast cancer, there appear to be distinct immune responses by subtype, but most studies have used limited numbers of protein markers or bulk sequencing of RNA to characterize immune response, in which spatial organization cannot be assessed. To identify immune phenotypes of Basal-like vs. Luminal breast cancer we used the GeoMx® (NanoString) platform to perform digital spatial profiling of immune-related proteins in tumor whole sections and tissue microarrays (TMA). Visualization of CD45, CD68, or pan-Cytokeratin by immunofluorescence was used to select regions of interest in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections. Forty-four antibodies representing stromal markers and multiple immune cell types were applied to quantify the tumor microenvironment. In whole tumor slides, immune hot spots (CD45+) had increased expression of many immune markers, suggesting a diverse and robust immune response. In epithelium-enriched areas, immune signals were also detectable and varied by subtype, with regulatory T-cell (Treg) markers (CD4, CD25, and FOXP3) being higher in Basal-like vs. Luminal breast cancer. Extending these findings to TMAs with more patients (n = 75), we confirmed subtype-specific immune profiles, including enrichment of Treg markers in Basal-likes. This work demonstrated that immune responses can be detected in epithelium-rich tissue, and that TMAs are a viable approach for obtaining important immunoprofiling data. In addition, we found that immune marker expression is associated with breast cancer subtype, suggesting possible prognostic, or targetable differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Walens
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Linnea T Olsson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alina M Hamilton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Erin L Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cohen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Translational Pathology Laboratory, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bentley R Midkiff
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Translational Pathology Laboratory, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yongjuan Xia
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Translational Pathology Laboratory, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Nana Nikolaishvili-Feinberg
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Translational Pathology Laboratory, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Calhoun
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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5
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Hu X, Liu Y, Zhang X, Kong D, Kong J, Zhao D, Guo Y, Sun L, Chu L, Liu S, Hou X, Ren F, Zhao Y, Lu C, Zhai D, Yuan X. The anti-B7-H4 checkpoint synergizes trastuzumab treatment to promote phagocytosis and eradicate breast cancer. Neoplasia 2020; 22:539-553. [PMID: 32966956 PMCID: PMC7509589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab is a humanized mAb used to treat HER2-overexpressing breast cancer; however its mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Previous studies suggest a role for immunity in mediating trastuzumab-specific antitumor effects. This study evaluated the role(s) of trastuzumab and other antibodies on macrophage activation and Ab-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) of HER2+ breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We employed orthotopic implantation of HER2+ murine breast cancer (BC) cells in immunocompetent mouse models, a human HER2+ BC xenograft in an immune humanized mouse model, and human PDXs involving adoptive transfer of autologous macrophages to simulate an endogenous mammary tumor-immune microenvironment. Our study demonstrated that trastuzumab greatly and consistently increased macrophage frequency and tumor-cell phagocytosis, and that concurrent knockdown of B7-H4 by a neutralizing antibody increased immune cell infiltration and promoted an antitumor phenotype. Furthermore, neoadjuvant trastuzumab therapy significantly upregulated B7-H4 in the cancer-infiltrating macrophages of HER2+ BC patients, which predicted poor trastuzumab response. We suggest that strategies to specifically enhance ADCP activity might be critical to overcoming resistance to HER2 mAb therapies by inhibiting tumor growth and potentially enhance antigen presentation. Furthermore, these results advance the understanding of macrophage plasticity by uncovering a dual role for ADCP in macrophages involving elimination of tumors by engulfing cancer cells while causing a concomitant undesired effect by upregulating immunosuppressive checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xiusen Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Dejiu Kong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jinyu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yibo Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Luoyi Chu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Shupei Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xurong Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Desheng Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
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6
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Renavikar PS, Sinha S, Brate AA, Borcherding N, Crawford MP, Steward-Tharp SM, Karandikar NJ. IL-12-Induced Immune Suppressive Deficit During CD8+ T-Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568630. [PMID: 33193343 PMCID: PMC7657266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by regulatory deficit in both the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments. We have shown that CD8+ T-cells associated with acute relapse of multiple sclerosis are significantly deficient in their immune suppressive ability. We hypothesized that distinct CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell (Tc) lineages, determined by cytokine milieu during naïve T-cell differentiation, may harbor differential ability to suppress effector CD4+ T-cells. We differentiated purified human naïve CD8+ T-cells in vitro toward Tc0 (media control), Tc1 and Tc17 lineages. Using in vitro flow cytometric suppression assays, we observed that Tc0 and Tc17 cells had similar suppressive ability. In contrast, Tc1 cells showed significant loss of suppressive ability against ex vivo CD4+ T-cells and in vitro-differentiated Th0, Th1 and Th17 cells. Of note, Tc1 cells were also suboptimal in suppressing CD4-induced acute xenogeneic graft versus host disease (xGVHD) in vivo. Tc subtypes derived under various cytokine combinations revealed that IL-12-containing conditions resulted in less suppressive cells exhibiting dysregulated cytotoxic degranulation. RNA sequencing transcriptome analyses indicated differential regulation of inflammatory genes and enrichment in GM-CSF-associated pathways. These studies provide insights into the role of T-cell differentiation in CD8 suppressive biology and may reveal therapeutically targetable pathways to reverse suppressive deficit during immune-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav S Renavikar
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Sushmita Sinha
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ashley A Brate
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Michael P Crawford
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Scott M Steward-Tharp
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nitin J Karandikar
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, United States
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7
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De Biasi S, Meschiari M, Gibellini L, Bellinazzi C, Borella R, Fidanza L, Gozzi L, Iannone A, Lo Tartaro D, Mattioli M, Paolini A, Menozzi M, Milić J, Franceschi G, Fantini R, Tonelli R, Sita M, Sarti M, Trenti T, Brugioni L, Cicchetti L, Facchinetti F, Pietrangelo A, Clini E, Girardis M, Guaraldi G, Mussini C, Cossarizza A. Marked T cell activation, senescence, exhaustion and skewing towards TH17 in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3434. [PMID: 32632085 PMCID: PMC7338513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 is severely impaired. Detailed investigation of T cells and cytokine production in patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia are urgently required. Here we show that, compared with healthy controls, COVID-19 patients' T cell compartment displays several alterations involving naïve, central memory, effector memory and terminally differentiated cells, as well as regulatory T cells and PD1+CD57+ exhausted T cells. Significant alterations exist also in several lineage-specifying transcription factors and chemokine receptors. Terminally differentiated T cells from patients proliferate less than those from healthy controls, whereas their mitochondria functionality is similar in CD4+ T cells from both groups. Patients display significant increases of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines, including T helper type-1 and type-2 cytokines, chemokines and galectins; their lymphocytes produce more tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-17, with the last observation implying that blocking IL-17 could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Marianna Meschiari
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Bellinazzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Rebecca Borella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Fidanza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Licia Gozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Iannone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Domenico Lo Tartaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Paolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Marianna Menozzi
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Jovana Milić
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Franceschi
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Sita
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Sarti
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, AOU Policlinico, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, AOU Policlinico, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Brugioni
- Emergency Department, MIAC, AOU Policlinico, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Facchinetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonello Pietrangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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8
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Xiao Z, Su Z, Han S, Huang J, Lin L, Shuai X. Dual pH-sensitive nanodrug blocks PD-1 immune checkpoint and uses T cells to deliver NF-κB inhibitor for antitumor immunotherapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay7785. [PMID: 32076650 PMCID: PMC7002126 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The response to programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade in cancer immunotherapy is limited because of multiple immune evasion mechanisms. Here, a previously unknown strategy is proposed to synergize the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibition and PD-1 blockade for antitumor immunotherapy. A dual pH-sensitive nanocarrier loading curcumin (CUR) and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (aPD-1) may bind to circulating PD-1+ T cells and then follow their infiltration into the tumor. Furthermore, the nanodrug bound to PD-1+ T cells may be released in the tumor microenvironment, leaving aPD-1 to block PD-1 on T cells and generating a CUR-encapsulated cationic nanodrug that can be easily taken up by tumor cells/tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Thus, not only the antitumor T cells mediate efficient CUR delivery to tumor but also the efficient CUR delivery promotes the tumor infiltration of antitumor T cells, thereby resulting in effective activation of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecong Xiao
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhenwei Su
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shisong Han
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liteng Lin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, and Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Hamuro L, Tirucherai GS, Crawford SM, Nayeem A, Pillutla RC, DeSilva BS, Leil TA, Thalhauser CJ. Evaluating a Multiscale Mechanistic Model of the Immune System to Predict Human Immunogenicity for a Biotherapeutic in Phase 1. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:94. [PMID: 31342199 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic model of the immune response was evaluated for its ability to predict anti-drug antibody (ADA) and their impact on pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) for a biotherapeutic in a phase 1 clinical trial. Observed ADA incidence ranged from 33 to 67% after single doses and 27-50% after multiple doses. The model captured the single dose incidence well; however, there was overprediction after multiple dosing. The model was updated to include a T-regulatory (Treg) cell mediated tolerance, which reduced the overprediction (relative decrease in predicted incidence rate of 21.5-59.3% across multidose panels) without compromising the single dose predictions (relative decrease in predicted incidence rate of 0.6-13%). The Treg-adjusted model predicted no ADA impact on PK or PD, consistent with the observed data. A prospective phase 2 trial was simulated, including co-medication effects in the form of corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression. Predicted ADA incidences were 0-10%, depending on co-medication dosage. This work demonstrates the utility in applying an integrated, iterative modeling approach to predict ADA during different stages of clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Hamuro
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543, USA
| | - Giridhar S Tirucherai
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543, USA
| | - Sean M Crawford
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543, USA
| | - Akbar Nayeem
- Molecular Structure and Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543, USA
| | - Renuka C Pillutla
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Translational Medicine, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543, USA
| | - Binodh S DeSilva
- Analytical Strategy and Operations, Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543, USA
| | - Tarek A Leil
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543, USA
| | - Craig J Thalhauser
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey, 08543, USA.
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10
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Sorathia N, Al-Rubaye H, Zal B. The Effect of Statins on the Functionality of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T-cells in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials in Asian Populations. Eur Cardiol 2019; 14:123-129. [PMID: 31360235 PMCID: PMC6659032 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.9.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is characterised by increased effector cells and decreased regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Statins have been shown to be clinically beneficial in ACS patients. This effect could be mediated via the induction of Tregs in ACS patients. The aim of this systemic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether statin therapy enhances the frequency of Tregs determined by CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ in this subset of patients. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Embase was performed. Studies were restricted to randomised controlled trials that quantified CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ cell frequency by flow cytometric analysis before and after statin treatment in adults diagnosed with ACS. A minimum of at least two of the conventional markers to identify Tregs was compulsory. Four randomised controlled trials studies (439 participants) were included, all with low-to-moderate risk of bias. Pooled data showed a significant increase in Treg frequency after statin therapy in ACS patients. A further meta-regression and subgroup analysis also showed a negative dose-related effect, and a statin type-related effect (rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin), respectively. The results confirmed that statins positively alter the frequency of Tregs, which may indicate a potential mechanism of their therapeutic effect. However, there was a risk of information bias due to the markers used to identify Tregs, which was not fully explored, therefore, further randomised controlled trials should utilise markers of Tregs, such as the FOXP3 locus (Treg-specific demethylated region), for identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilofer Sorathia
- Medipathways College London London, UK.,University of Buckingham Buckingham, UK.,St George's, University of London London, UK
| | | | - Benham Zal
- Medipathways College London London, UK.,University of Buckingham Buckingham, UK
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11
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Jørgensen N, Persson G, Hviid TVF. The Tolerogenic Function of Regulatory T Cells in Pregnancy and Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:911. [PMID: 31134056 PMCID: PMC6517506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells, a subpopulation of suppressive T cells, are potent mediators of self-tolerance and essential for the suppression of triggered immune responses. The immune modulating capacity of these cells play a major role in both transplantation, autoimmune disease, allergy, cancer and pregnancy. During pregnancy, low numbers of regulatory T cells are associated with pregnancy failure and pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia. On the other hand, in cancer, low numbers of immunosuppressive T cells are correlated with better prognosis. Hence, maternal immune tolerance toward the fetus during pregnancy and the escape from host immunosurveillance by cancer seem to be based on similar immunological mechanisms being highly dependent on the balance between immune activation and suppression. As regulatory T cells hold a crucial role in several biological processes, they may also be promising subjects for therapeutic use. Especially in the field of cancer, cell therapy and checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated that immune-based therapies have a very promising potential in treatment of human malignancies. However, these therapies are often accompanied by adverse autoimmune side effects. Therefore, expanding the knowledge to recognize the complexities of immune regulation pathways shared across different immunological scenarios is extremely important in order to improve and develop new strategies for immune-based therapy. The intent of this review is to highlight the functional characteristics of regulatory T cells in the context of mechanisms of immune regulation in pregnancy and cancer, and how manipulation of these mechanisms potentially may improve therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Vauvert F. Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), The ReproHealth Consortium ZUH, Zealand University Hospital, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Sabat R, Wolk K, Loyal L, Döcke WD, Ghoreschi K. T cell pathology in skin inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:359-377. [PMID: 31028434 PMCID: PMC6505509 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Forming the outer body barrier, our skin is permanently exposed to pathogens and environmental hazards. Therefore, skin diseases are among the most common disorders. In many of them, the immune system plays a crucial pathogenetic role. For didactic and therapeutic reasons, classification of such immune-mediated skin diseases according to the underlying dominant immune mechanism rather than to their clinical manifestation appears to be reasonable. Immune-mediated skin diseases may be mediated mainly by T cells, by the humoral immune system, or by uncontrolled unspecific inflammation. According to the involved T cell subpopulation, T cell-mediated diseases may be further subdivided into T1 cell-dominated (e.g., vitiligo), T2 cell-dominated (e.g., acute atopic dermatitis), T17/T22 cell-dominated (e.g., psoriasis), and Treg cell-dominated (e.g., melanoma) responses. Moreover, T cell-dependent and -independent responses may occur simultaneously in selected diseases (e.g., hidradenitis suppurativa). The effector mechanisms of the respective T cell subpopulations determine the molecular changes in the local tissue cells, leading to specific microscopic and macroscopic skin alterations. In this article, we show how the increasing knowledge of the T cell biology has been comprehensively translated into the pathogenetic understanding of respective model skin diseases and, based thereon, has revolutionized their daily clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sabat
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology/Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology/Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Loyal
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Döcke
- SBU Oncology, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Berlin and Wuppertal, Müllerstraße 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Chrobák P. Control of T Cell Responses, Tolerance and Autoimmunity by Regulatory T Cells: Current Concepts. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2019. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2019.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells have emerged as an important mechanism of regulating tolerance and T cell responses. CD4+ regulatory T cells can be divided into two main groups, natural regulatory T cells, which express high levels of CD25 on their cell surface and phenotypically diverse adaptive (antigen induced) regulatory T cells. Natural regulatory T cells are made in the thymus, and require strong costimulatory signals for induction and maintenance, express a transcription factor called Foxp3, and function by a largely unknown mechanism. Adaptive (antigen induced) regulatory T cells are made by sub-optimal antigenic signals in the periphery, in the presence of immunosuppressive cytokines, often in special circumstances, such as chronic viral infections or after mucosal administration of antigen, and rely on cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β for suppression. Regulatory T cells offer a great potential for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and during transplantation.
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14
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Marrodan M, Alessandro L, Farez MF, Correale J. The role of infections in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2019; 25:891-901. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458518823940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that multiple sclerosis (MS), like other autoimmune diseases, may be triggered by microbial infections. Pathogens associated with development or exacerbation of MS include bacteria, such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus-produced enterotoxins that function as superantigens, and viruses of the Herpesviridae (Epstein–Barr virus and human herpes virus 6) and human endogenous retrovirus families. However, to date, no single pathogen has been accepted as causal agent. In addition, common upper respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract infections have also been associated with MS exacerbations. Although evidence of an infectious etiology as cause of MS in humans remains inconclusive, microbial agents may modulate the neuroimmunological system of genetically susceptible individuals. Decoding the epidemiological contribution of different microorganisms to MS, along with their pathogenic mechanisms, may help develop new treatment strategies and prevent relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauricio F Farez
- Center for Research on Neuroimmunological Diseases, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Correale
- Department of Neurology, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Center for Research on Neuroimmunological Diseases, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Akimoto H, Fukuda-Kawaguchi E, Duramad O, Ishii Y, Tanabe K. A Novel Liposome Formulation Carrying Both an Insulin Peptide and a Ligand for Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Induces Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells to Islets in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9430473. [PMID: 31781669 PMCID: PMC6855036 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9430473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic β cells by autoantigen-reactive diabetogenic cells. Antigen-specific therapies using islet autoantigens for restoring immune tolerance have emerged as promising approaches for the treatment of T1D but have been unsuccessful in humans. Herein, we report that RGI-3100-iB, a novel liposomal formulation carrying both α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), which is a representative ligand for invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, and insulin B chain 9-23 peptide, which is an epitope for CD4+ T cells, could induce the accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in islets in a peptide-dependent manner, followed by the remarkable prevention of diabetes onset in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. While multiple administrations of a monotherapy using either α-GalCer or insulin B peptide in a liposomal formulation was confirmed to delay/prevent T1D in NOD mice, RGI-3100-iB synergistically enhanced the prevention effect of each monotherapy and alleviated insulitis in NOD mice. Immunopathological analysis showed that Foxp3+ Tregs accumulated in the islets in RGI-3100-iB-treated mice. Cotransfer of diabetogenic T cells and splenocytes of NOD mice treated with RGI-3100-iB, but not liposomal α-GalCer encapsulating an unrelated peptide, to NOD-SCID mice resulted in the prevention of diabetes and elevation of Foxp3 mRNA expression in the islets. These data indicate that the migration of insulin B-peptide-specific Tregs to islet of NOD mice that are involved in the suppression of pathogenic T cells related to diabetes onset and progression could be enhanced by the administration of liposomes containing α-GalCer and insulin B peptide.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Compounding
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Galactosylceramides/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Insulin/administration & dosage
- Islets of Langerhans/drug effects
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Liposomes
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Natural Killer T-Cells/drug effects
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Akimoto
- Research Division, REGiMMUNE Corporation, 35-3 Nihonbashi Hakozaki-cho, BRICK GATE 5F, Chuou-Ku, Tokyo 103-0015, Japan
| | - Emi Fukuda-Kawaguchi
- Research Division, REGiMMUNE Corporation, 35-3 Nihonbashi Hakozaki-cho, BRICK GATE 5F, Chuou-Ku, Tokyo 103-0015, Japan
| | - Omar Duramad
- Research Division, REGiMMUNE Inc, 820 Heinz Ave, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Ishii
- Research Division, REGiMMUNE Corporation, 35-3 Nihonbashi Hakozaki-cho, BRICK GATE 5F, Chuou-Ku, Tokyo 103-0015, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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16
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Jeon YW, Lim JY, Im KI, Kim N, Nam YS, Song YJ, Cho SG. Enhancement of Graft-Versus-Host Disease Control Efficacy by Adoptive Transfer of Type 1 Regulatory T Cells in Bone Marrow Transplant Model. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 28:129-140. [PMID: 30381994 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10-producing type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, which are Foxp3-memory T lymphocytes, play important roles in peripheral immune tolerance. We investigated whether Tr1 cells exert immunoregulatory effects in a mouse model of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Mouse CD4+ T cells were induced to differentiate in vitro into Tr1 cells using vitamin D3 and dexamethasone, and these donor-derived Tr1 cells were infused on the day of bone marrow transplantation. The Tr1 cell-transferred group showed less weight-loss and a twofold higher survival rate than the GVHD group, together with markedly decreased histopathologic grades. It was associated with the expansion of CD4+IL-4+ type 2 T-helper (Th2) cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Furthermore, Tr1 cells decreased the numbers of CD4+interferon-γ+ Th1 and CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells. Recipient mice harbored some Foxp3+ Tregs due to adoptive transfer of Tr1 cells, together with the upregulated expression of costimulatory molecules, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS); however, the Treg cells did not show the plasticity. Therefore, adoptive Tr1 cell therapy may be effective against manifestations of GVHD, exert immunomodulatory effects in a manner dependent on CTLA-4 and ICOS, and induce differentiation of the transferred Tr1 cells into Foxp3+ Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Woo Jeon
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,3 Lymphoma-Myeloma Center, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Lim
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon-Il Im
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoun Kim
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Nam
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Jin Song
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- 1 Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,2 Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,3 Lymphoma-Myeloma Center, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Nam M, Shin S, Park KU, Kim I, Yoon SS, Kwon TK, Song EY. Association of FOXP3 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms With Clinical Outcomes After Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Ann Lab Med 2018; 38:591-598. [PMID: 30027704 PMCID: PMC6056380 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2018.38.6.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is an important marker of regulatory T cells. FOXP3 polymorphisms are associated with autoimmune diseases, cancers, and allograft outcomes. We examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the FOXP3 locus are associated with clinical outcomes after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS Five FOXP3 SNPs (rs5902434, rs3761549, rs3761548, rs2232365, and rs2280883) were analyzed by PCR-sequencing of 172 DNA samples from allogenic HSCT patients. We examined the relationship between each SNP and the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), post-HSCT infection, relapse, and patient survival. RESULTS Patients with acute GVHD (grades II-IV) showed higher frequencies of the rs3761549 T/T genotype, rs5902434 ATT/ATT genotype, and rs2232365 G/G genotype than did patients without acute GVHD (P=0.017, odds ratio [OR]=5.3; P=0.031, OR=2.4; and P=0.023, OR=2.6, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that the TT genotype of rs3761549 was an independent risk factor for occurrence of acute GVHD (P=0.032, hazard ratio=5.6). In contrast, the genotype frequencies of rs3761549 T/T, rs5902434 ATT/ATT, and rs2232365 G/G were lower in patients with post-HSCT infection than in patients without infection (P=0.026, P=0.046, and P=0.031, respectively). CONCLUSIONS rs3761549, rs5902434, and rs2232365 are associated with an increased risk of acute GVHD and decreased risk of post-HSCT infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tack Kyun Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Eun Young Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Quandt J, Schlude C, Bartoschek M, Will R, Cid-Arregui A, Schölch S, Reissfelder C, Weitz J, Schneider M, Wiemann S, Momburg F, Beckhove P. Long-peptide vaccination with driver gene mutations in p53 and Kras induces cancer mutation-specific effector as well as regulatory T cell responses. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1500671. [PMID: 30524892 PMCID: PMC6279329 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1500671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutated proteins arising from somatic mutations in tumors are promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. They represent true tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) as they are exclusively expressed in tumors, reduce the risk of autoimmunity and are more likely to overcome tolerance compared to wild-type (wt) sequences. Hence, we designed a panel of long peptides (LPs, 28–35 aa) comprising driver gene mutations in TP35 and KRAS frequently found in gastrointestinal tumors to test their combined immunotherapeutic potential. We found increased numbers of T cells responsive against respective mutated and wt peptides in colorectal cancer patients that carry the tested mutations in their tumors than patients with other mutations. Further, active immunization of HLA(-A2/DR1)-humanized mice with mixes of the same mutated LPs yielded simultaneous, polyvalent CD8+/CD4+ T cell responses against the majority of peptides. Peptide-specific T cells possessed a multifunctional cytokine profile with CD4+ T cells showing a TH1-like phenotype. Two mutated peptides (Kras[G12V], p53[R248W]) induced significantly higher T cell responses than corresponding wt sequences and comprised HLA-A2/DR1-restricted mutated epitopes. However, vaccination with the same highly immunogenic LPs strongly increased systemic regulatory T cells (Treg) numbers in a syngeneic sarcoma model over-expressing these mutated protein variants and resulted in accelerated tumor outgrowth. In contrast, tumor outgrowth was delayed when vaccination was directed against tumor-intrinsic Kras/Tp53 mutations of lower immunogenicity. Conclusively, we show that LP vaccination targeting multiple mutated TSAs elicits polyvalent, multifunctional, and mutation-specific effector T cells capable of targeting tumors. However, the success of this therapeutic approach can be hampered by vaccination-induced, TSA-specific Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Quandt
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Knapp Research Center, Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christoph Schlude
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Bartoschek
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rainer Will
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angel Cid-Arregui
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultaet an der TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Momburg
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Antigen Presentation and T/NK Cell Activation Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Beckhove
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), University Regensburg and Department of Hematology-Oncology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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19
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Topoisomerase I inhibitor, irinotecan, depletes regulatory T cells and up-regulates MHC class I and PD-L1 expression, resulting in a supra-additive antitumor effect when combined with anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31411-31421. [PMID: 30140379 PMCID: PMC6101148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-L1 antibodies inhibit interactions between PD-L1 and PD-1 and interactions between PD-L1 and B7-1, thereby reinvigorating anticancer immunity. Although there are numerous ongoing clinical studies evaluating combinations of standard chemotherapies and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, irinotecan has not yet been investigated in this context so there is little information about its compatibility with anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Here we investigated the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibody in combination with irinotecan and the role of irinotecan in the tumor–immunity cycle in an FM3A murine tumor model. Despite a transient decrease in lymphocytes in the peripheral blood after irinotecan treatment, the antitumor activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody plus irinotecan was significantly greater than each agent alone. Irinotecan in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody enhanced proliferation of CD8+ cells in both tumors and lymph nodes, and the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells was higher than either irinotecan or anti-PD-L1 antibody monotherapy. Irinotecan was found to decrease the number of Tregs in lymph nodes and tumors, and specific depletion of Tregs by anti-folate receptor 4 antibodies was found to enhance the proliferation of CD8+ cells in this model. In addition, irinotecan augmented MHC class I expression on tumor cells and concurrently increased PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. These results indicate that irinotecan may enhance the effect of T cell activation caused by anti-PD-L1 treatment by reducing Tregs and augmenting MHC class I–mediated tumor antigen presentation, and concurrent upregulation of PD-L1 expression can be blocked by the anti-PD-L1 antibody. These interactions may contribute to the superior combination effect.
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20
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Zhao X, Long J, Liang F, Liu N, Sun Y, Xi Y. Vaccination with a Novel Antigen-Specific Tolerizing DNA Vaccine Encoding CCOL2A1 Protects Rats from Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:69-78. [PMID: 29901407 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific tolerizing DNA vaccines are one of the most promising strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. They act by inducing potent immune tolerance instead of generalized immunosuppression. Recently, we developed a novel antigen-specific tolerizing DNA vaccine pcDNA-CCOL2A1 coding for chicken type II collagen (CCII) and confirmed its potent therapeutic efficacy in an established rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Here we report the prophylactic vaccination efficacy of a single 300 μg/kg dose of pcDNA-CCOL2A1 against CIA incidence, severity, and onset. CCOL2A1 transcripts were detected in the blood of CIA rats 14-42 days after intramuscular injection by 300 μg/kg pcDNA-CCOL2A1. The expression of CCOL2A1 transcripts increased quickly on day 21, peaked at day 28, and then gradually decreased thereafter. Importantly, a single prophylactic vaccination of pcDNA-CCOL2A1 14 days before CIA establishment significantly reduced CIA incidence and severity, deferred its onset, and was as efficacious as the current gold standard drug, methotrexate. The marked effects on CIA incidence and severity closely corresponded to the expression of CCOL2A1. Furthermore, prophylactic vaccination with pcDNA-CCOL2A1 markedly decreased serum content of anti-type II collagen (CII) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, induced Th1-to-Th2 and Tc1-to-Tc2 shifts, and decreased the percentages of CD4+CD29+ and Th17 T cells. Prophylactic vaccination with pcDNA-CCOL2A1 also downregulated various Th1 cytokines, while upregulating both the Th2-type cytokine interleukin-10 and the Th3-type cytokine transforming growth factor β. Our results indicate that the pcDNA-CCOL2A1 DNA vaccine acts as a highly efficient inducer of specific immunotolerance that could be a promising option for RA treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis, Beijing 307 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Juan Long
- Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis, Beijing 307 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis, Beijing 307 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis, Beijing 307 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Sun
- Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis, Beijing 307 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhi Xi
- Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis, Beijing 307 Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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21
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Zhou F, Zhang GX, Rostami A. LPS-treated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells induce immune tolerance through modulating differentiation of CD4 + regulatory T cell subpopulations mediated by 3G11 and CD127. Immunol Res 2018; 65:630-638. [PMID: 27942984 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous transfer of LPS-treated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells blocks development of autoimmunity induced by CD4+ T cells in vivo. However, cellular mechanisms of dendritic cell-mediated immune tolerance have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we report that there are two new subpopulations of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+GITR+ regulatory T cells (CD127+3G11+ and CD127+3G11- cells). LPS-treated dendritic cells facilitate development of CD4+CD127+3G11- regulatory T cells but inhibit that of CD4+CD127+3G11+ regulatory T cells. LPS-induced tolerogenic dendritic cells may cause immune tolerance through modulating balance of different subsets of CD4+ regulatory T cells mediated by CD127 and 3G11. Our results imply a new potential cellular mechanism of dendritic cell-mediated immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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22
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Roth GS, Decaens T. Liver immunotolerance and hepatocellular carcinoma: Patho-physiological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Eur J Cancer 2017; 87:101-112. [PMID: 29145036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
At the moment of the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 70% of patients have only access to palliative treatments, with very few therapeutic options. Liver immunology is very specific, and liver immunotolerance is particularly developed because of the constant and massive influx of antigens. Deregulation of hepatic immunotolerance is implicated in chronic liver diseases development and particularly in liver carcinogenesis. For these reasons, HCC may be an excellent candidate for anticancer immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 and PD-L1/PD-1. Nonetheless, because of the specific immune environment of the liver and the frequent association of HCC with hepatocellular insufficiency, the safety and the efficacy of these new treatments have to be properly studied in this situation. Thus, multiple phase II and III studies are in progress studying immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapies, combination of different immunotherapies or local strategies such as transarterial chemoembolization combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Currently, only the final results of the tremelimumab phase II and the Nivolumab phase I/II study (CheckMate-040) are available. The latter is promising but need to be confirmed by the ongoing phase III studies to confirm the place of immunotherapy in the treatment of HCC. With many new molecular targets and therapeutic combination, immunotherapy represents a new hope in treating HCC patients although serious evaluation is still needed to confirm its interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël S Roth
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209/CNRS UMR 5309/Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU, Grenoble, France.
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23
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Differentiated all-trans retinoic acid response of naive CD4+CD25- cells isolated from rats with collagen-induced arthritis and healthy ones under in vitro conditions. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 42:39-53. [PMID: 28680330 PMCID: PMC5470613 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2017.67317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim o the study To compare the potential of CD4+CD25– cells, isolated from both healthy rats and rats with CIA (Collagen-Induced Arthritis), for differentiation into regulatory T cells in the presence of all-trans retinoic acid in order to learn more about the activation mechanisms and therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells. Material and methods Sorted CD4+CD25– cells were cultured in vitro with/without ATRA, and then the frequency of regulatory T cells and their ability to secrete IL-10 by CD4+ FOXP3+ cells was examined. Gene expression of the foxp3, rarα, rarβ, rxrβ, and ppar β/δ and protein expression of the Rarα, Rarβ, and Rxrβ in cells after stimulation with ATRA were also investigated. Results CD4+CD25– cells isolated from healthy animals or from animals with CIA are characterised by different potential of the differentiation into CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ cells. Retinoic acid receptor Rxrβ is present in the CD4+CD25– cells isolated from rats with CIA. Conclusions We showed that although ATRA did not increase the frequency of Treg in culture, it significantly increased expression of rarβ and rxrβ only in lymphocytes taken from diseased animals and foxp3 expression only in healthy animals. Moreover, after ATRA stimulation, the frequency of Treg-produced IL-10 tended to be lower in diseased animals than in the healthy group. The results imply that the potential of naïve cell CD4 lymphocytes to differentiate into Tregs and their putative suppressive function is dependent on the donor’s health status.
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24
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Pearson RM, Casey LM, Hughes KR, Wang LZ, North MG, Getts DR, Miller SD, Shea LD. Controlled Delivery of Single or Multiple Antigens in Tolerogenic Nanoparticles Using Peptide-Polymer Bioconjugates. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1655-1664. [PMID: 28479234 PMCID: PMC5498834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated their potential to induce antigen (Ag)-specific immunological tolerance in multiple immune models and are at various stages of commercial development. Association of Ag with NPs is typically achieved through surface coupling or encapsulation methods. However, these methods have limitations that include high polydispersity, uncontrollable Ag loading and release, and possible immunogenicity. Here, using antigenic peptides conjugated to poly(lactide-co-glycolide), we developed Ag-polymer conjugate NPs (acNPs) with modular loading of single or multiple Ags, negligible burst release, and minimally exposed surface Ag. Tolerogenic responses of acNPs were studied in vitro to decouple the role of NP size, concentration, and Ag loading on regulatory T cell (Treg) induction. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg induction was dependent on NP size, but CD25 expression of CD4+ T cells was not. NP concentration and Ag loading could be modulated to achieve maximal levels of Treg induction. In relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis, acNPs were effective in inhibiting disease induced by a single peptide or multiple peptides. The acNPs provide a simple, modular, and well-defined platform, and the NP physicochemical properties offer potential to design and answer complex mechanistic questions surrounding NP-induced tolerance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/chemistry
- Antigens/immunology
- Antigens/pharmacology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- CD4 Antigens/genetics
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- Delayed-Action Preparations/administration & dosage
- Delayed-Action Preparations/chemistry
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/therapy
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression
- Immune Tolerance/drug effects
- Immunoconjugates/chemistry
- Immunoconjugates/metabolism
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myelin Proteolipid Protein/chemistry
- Myelin Proteolipid Protein/immunology
- Myelin Proteolipid Protein/pharmacology
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Ovalbumin/chemistry
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Ovalbumin/pharmacology
- Particle Size
- Polyglactin 910/chemistry
- Polyglactin 910/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Pearson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
| | - Liam M Casey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Kevin R Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
| | - Leon Z Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
| | - Madeleine G North
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
| | - Daniel R Getts
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 6-713 Tarry Building, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 6-713 Tarry Building, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute (CLP), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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25
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Regulatory T cells in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 138:639-652. [PMID: 27596705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of allergic diseases entails an ineffective tolerogenic immune response to allergens. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a key role in sustaining immune tolerance to allergens, yet mechanisms by which Treg cells fail to maintain tolerance in patients with allergic diseases are not well understood. We review current concepts and established mechanisms regarding how Treg cells regulate different components of allergen-triggered immune responses to promote and maintain tolerance. We will also discuss more recent advances that emphasize the "dual" functionality of Treg cells in patients with allergic diseases: how Treg cells are essential in promoting tolerance to allergens but also how a proallergic inflammatory environment can skew Treg cells toward a pathogenic phenotype that aggravates and perpetuates disease. These advances highlight opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies that aim to re-establish tolerance in patients with chronic allergic diseases by promoting Treg cell stability and function.
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26
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Paiatto LN, Silva FGD, Bier J, Brochetto-Braga MR, Yamada ÁT, Tamashiro WMSC, Simioni PU. Oral Tolerance Induced by OVA Intake Ameliorates TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170205. [PMID: 28099498 PMCID: PMC5242488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Literature data have shown that the consumption of dietary proteins may cause modulatory effects on the host immune system, process denominated oral tolerance by bystander suppression. It has been shown that the bystander suppression induced by dietary proteins can improve inflammatory diseases such as experimental arthritis. Here, we evaluated the effects of oral tolerance induced by ingestion of ovalbumin (OVA) on TNBS-induced colitis in mice, an experimental model for human Crohn's disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by instilling a single dose of TNBS (100 mg/kg) in ethanol into the colon. Tolerized mice received OVA (4mg/mL) dissolved in the drinking water for seven consecutive days, prior to or concomitantly with the intrarectal instillation. Control groups received protein-free water and ethanol by intrarectal route. We observed that either the prior or concomitant induction of oral tolerance were able to reduce the severity of colitis as noted by recovery of body weight gain, improvement of clinical signs and reduction of histological abnormalities. The in vitro proliferation of spleen cells from tolerant colitic mice was lower than that of control mice, the same as the frequencies of CD4+ T cells secreting IL-17 and IFN-γ. The frequencies of regulatory T cells and T cells secreting IL-10 have increased significantly in mice orally treated with OVA. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ) were lower in supernatants of cells from tolerant colitic mice, whereas IL-10 levels were higher. CONCLUSION Our data show that the modulation of immune response induced by oral tolerance reduces the severity of experimental colitis. Such modulation may be partially attributed to the increase of Treg cells and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral lymphoid organs of tolerant mice by bystander suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiery N. Paiatto
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. D. Silva
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Bier
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Áureo T. Yamada
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wirla M. S. C. Tamashiro
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia U. Simioni
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Americana, FAM, Americana, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Martín-Orozco E, Norte-Muñoz M, Martínez-García J. Regulatory T Cells in Allergy and Asthma. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:117. [PMID: 28589115 PMCID: PMC5440567 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system's correct functioning requires a sophisticated balance between responses to continuous microbial challenges and tolerance to harmless antigens, such as self-antigens, food antigens, commensal microbes, allergens, etc. When this equilibrium is altered, it can lead to inflammatory pathologies, tumor growth, autoimmune disorders, and allergy/asthma. The objective of this review is to show the existing data on the importance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) on this balance and to underline how intrauterine and postnatal environmental exposures influence the maturation of the immune system in humans. Genetic and environmental factors during embryo development and/or early life will result in a proper or, conversely, inadequate immune maturation with either beneficial or deleterious effects on health. We have focused herein on Tregs as a reflection of the maturity of the immune system. We explain the types, origins, and the mechanisms of action of these cells, discussing their role in allergy and asthma predisposition. Understanding the importance of Tregs in counteracting dysregulated immunity would provide approaches to diminish asthma and other related diseases in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martín-Orozco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, Murcia Biohealth Research Institute-University of Murcia (IMIB-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - María Norte-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, Murcia Biohealth Research Institute-University of Murcia (IMIB-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, Murcia Biohealth Research Institute-University of Murcia (IMIB-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
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28
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Juan L, Xiao Z, Song Y, Zhijian Z, Jing J, Kun Y, Yuna H, Dongfa D, Lili D, Liuxin T, Fei L, Nan L, Fang Y, Yuying S, Yongzhi X. Safety and immunogenicity of a novel therapeutic DNA vaccine encoding chicken type II collagen for rheumatoid arthritis in normal rats. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:2777-83. [PMID: 26697972 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1073425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current clinically available treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fail to cure the disease or unsatisfactorily halt disease progression. To overcome these limitations, the development of therapeutic DNA vaccines and boosters may offer new promising strategies. Because type II collagen (CII) as a critical autoantigen in RA and native chicken type II collagen (nCCII) has been used to effectively treat RA, we previously developed a novel therapeutic DNA vaccine encoding CCII (pcDNA-CCOL2A1) with efficacy comparable to that of the current "gold standard", methotrexate(MTX). Here, we systemically evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine in normal Wistar rats. Group 1 received only a single intramuscular injection into the hind leg with pcDNA-CCOL2A1 at the maximum dosage of 3 mg/kg on day 0; Group 2 was injected with normal saline (NS) as a negative control. All rats were monitored daily for any systemic adverse events, reactions at the injection site, and changes in body weights. Plasma and tissues from all experimental rats were collected on day 14 for routine examinations of hematology and biochemistry parameters, anti-CII IgG antibody reactivity, and histopathology. Our results indicated clearly that at the maximum dosage of 3 mg/kg, the pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine was safe and well-tolerated. No abnormal clinical signs or deaths occurred in the pcDNA-CCOL2A1 group compared with the NS group. Furthermore, no major alterations were observed in hematology, biochemistry, and histopathology, even at the maximum dose. In particularly, no anti-CII IgG antibodies were detected in vaccinated normal rats at 14 d after vaccination; this was relevant because we previously demonstrated that the pcDNA-CCOL2A1 vaccine, when administered at the therapeutic dosage of 300 μg/kg alone, did not induce anti-CII IgG antibody production and significantly reduced levels of anti-CII IgG antibodies in the plasma of rats with established collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). This is the first study demonstrating the safety and immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine encoding CCII for treating RA in normal rats. These results may support the use of this novel therapeutic DNA vaccine for the treatment of RA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Juan
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Zhao Xiao
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Yun Song
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Zhang Zhijian
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Jin Jing
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Yu Kun
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Hao Yuna
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Dai Dongfa
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Ding Lili
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Tan Liuxin
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Liang Fei
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Liu Nan
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Yuan Fang
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Sun Yuying
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
| | - Xi Yongzhi
- a Department of Immunology and National Center for Biomedicine Analysis ; Beijing 307 Hospital Affiliated to Academy of Military Medical Sciences ; Beijing , PR China
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Kryczek I, Wang L, Wu K, Li W, Zhao E, Cui T, Wei S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Vatan L, Szeliga W, Greenson JK, Roliński J, Zgodzinski W, Huang E, Tao K, Wang G, Zou W. Inflammatory regulatory T cells in the microenvironments of ulcerative colitis and colon carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1105430. [PMID: 27622054 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells are thought to express negligible levels of effector cytokines, and inhibit immune responses and inflammation. Here, we have identified a population of IL-8(+)Foxp3(+)CD4(+) T cells in human peripheral blood, which is selectively increased in the microenvironments of ulcerative colitis and colon carcinoma. Phenotypically, this population is minimally overlapping with IL-17(+)Foxp3(+)CD4(+) T cells, and is different from IL-8(-)Foxp3(+)CD4(+) T cells in the same microenvironment. 40-60% of IL-8(+)Foxp3(+)CD4(+) T cells exhibit naive phenotype and express CD127, whereas IL-8(-)Foxp3(+)CD4(+) cells are basically memory T cells and express minimal CD127. The levels of CXCR5 expression are higher in IL-8(+)Foxp3(+) cells than in IL-8(-)Foxp3(+) cells. IL-2 and TGFβ induce IL-8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells. Exogenous Foxp3 expression promotes IL-8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and inhibits effector cytokine IFNγ and IL-2 expression. Furthermore, Foxp3 binds to IL-8 proximal promoter and increases its activity. Functionally, IL-8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells inhibit T cell proliferation and effector cytokine production, but stimulate inflammatory cytokine production in the colon tissues, and promote neutrophil trafficking through IL-8. Thus, IL-8(+)Foxp3(+) cells may be an "inflammatory" Treg subset, and possess inflammatory and immunosuppressive dual biological activities. Given their dual roles and localization, these cells may be in a unique position to support tumor initiation and development in human chronic inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Surgery, and Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine , Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Surgery, and Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Surgery, and Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ende Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Surgery, and Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Tracy Cui
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linda Vatan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wojciech Szeliga
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; 2nd Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Witold Zgodzinski
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | - Emina Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Surgery, and Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine , Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory and Surgery, and Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine , Wuhan, China
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Zhang B, Shimada Y, Hirota T, Ariyoshi M, Kuroyanagi J, Nishimura Y, Tanaka T. Novel immunologic tolerance of human cancer cell xenotransplants in zebrafish. Transl Res 2016; 170:89-98.e3. [PMID: 26746804 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune deficiency or suppression in host animals is an essential precondition for the success of cancer cell xenotransplantation because the host immune system has a tendency to reject implanted cells. However, in such animals, the typical tumor microenvironment seen in cancer subjects does not form because of the lack of normal immunity. Here, we developed a novel zebrafish (Danio rerio) model based on 2 rounds of cancer cell xenotransplantation that achieved cancer-specific immunologic tolerance without immunosuppression. We irradiated human cancer cells (PC-3, K562 and HepG2) to abolish their proliferative abilities and implanted them into zebrafish larvae. These cells survived for 2 weeks in the developing host. Three months after the first implantation, the zebrafish were implanted with the same, but nonirradiated, cell lines. These cancer cells proliferated and exhibited metastasis without immune suppression. To reveal the transcriptional mechanism of this immune tolerance, we conducted dual RNA-seq of the tumor with its surrounding tissues and identified several regulatory zebrafish genes that are involved in immunity; the expression of plasminogen activator, urokinase, and forkhead box P3 was altered in response to immunologic tolerance. In conclusion, this xenograft method has potential as a platform for zebrafish-based anticancer drug discovery because it can closely mimic human clinical cancers without inducing immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, Mie, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hirota
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Michiko Ariyoshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroyanagi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation Institute, Mie, Japan.
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Regulatory T cells in the immunotherapy of melanoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:77-85. [PMID: 26515336 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with melanoma are supposed to develop spontaneous immune responses against specific tumor antigens. However, several mechanisms contribute to the failure of tumor antigen-specific T cell responses, inducing immune escape. Importantly, immunosuppression mediated by regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumor lesions is a dominant mechanism of tumor immune evasion. Based on this information, several therapies targeting Tregs such as cyclophosphamide, IL-2-based therapies, and antibodies against the surface molecular of Tregs have been developed. However, only some of these strategies showed clinical efficacy in patients with melanoma in spite of their success in shifting immune systems to antitumor responses in animal models. In the future, strategies specifically depleting local Tregs, inhibiting Treg migration to the tumor lesion, and Treg depletion in combination with other chemotherapies or immune modulation will hopefully bring benefits to melanoma patients.
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Kawahara M, Takaku H. A tumor lysate is an effective vaccine antigen for the stimulation of CD4(+) T-cell function and subsequent induction of antitumor immunity mediated by CD8(+) T cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1616-25. [PMID: 26391871 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1078027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a potent cancer vaccine, it is important to study how to prepare highly immunogenic antigens and to identify the most appropriate adjuvants for the antigens. Here we show that a tumor lysate works as an effective antigen to prime CD4(+) T-cell help when baculovirus is employed as an adjuvant. When immunized intradermally with the combination (BLP) of baculovirus, a CT26 tumor lysate, and a cytotoxic T-cell epitope peptide before a tumor challenge, 60% of mice rejected tumors. In contrast, all mice vaccinated with baculovirus plus a tumor lysate (BL) developed tumors. In addition, flow cytometry showed that tumor-specific, interferon γ-producing CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were robustly activated by intradermal immunization with BLP. When BLP was administered therapeutically to tumor-bearing mice, antitumor efficacy was better compared to BL. The established tumor was completely eradicated in 50-60% of BLP-treated mice, and induction of tumor-specific CTLs was observed, suggesting that the antitumor efficacy of BLP is mediated by CD8(+) T cells. Numerous CD4(+) T cells infiltrated the tumors of BLP-treated mice, whereas the antitumor effect of BLP almost disappeared after removal of the tumor lysate from BLP or after depletion of BLP-immunized mice of CD4(+) T cells. Thus, the combination of a peptide, lysate, and baculovirus provides stronger antitumor immunity than does a peptide plus baculovirus or a lysate plus baculovirus; effectiveness of BLP is determined by functioning of CD4(+) T cells stimulated with a tumor lysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Kawahara
- a Research and Development Department ; Japan BCG Laboratory ; Kiyose , Tokyo , Japan.,b Department of Life and Environmental Sciences ; Chiba Institute of Technology ; Narashino , Chiba , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takaku
- b Department of Life and Environmental Sciences ; Chiba Institute of Technology ; Narashino , Chiba , Japan.,c High Technology Research Center ; Chiba Institute of Technology ; Narashino , Chiba , Japan
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Malek Abrahimians E, Carlier VA, Vander Elst L, Saint-Remy JMR. MHC Class II-Restricted Epitopes Containing an Oxidoreductase Activity Prompt CD4(+) T Cells with Apoptosis-Inducing Properties. Front Immunol 2015; 6:449. [PMID: 26388872 PMCID: PMC4556975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrogating an unwanted immune response toward a specific antigen without compromising the entire immune system is a hoped-for goal in immunotherapy. Instead of manipulating dendritic cells and suppressive regulatory T cells, depleting effector T cells or blocking their co-stimulatory pathways, we describe a method to specifically inhibit the presentation of an antigen eliciting an unwanted immune reaction. Inclusion of an oxidoreductase motif within the flanking residues of MHC class II epitopes polarizes CD4(+) T cells to cytolytic cells capable of inducing apoptosis in antigen presenting cells (APCs) displaying cognate peptides through MHC class II molecules. This novel function results from an increased synapse formation between both cells. Moreover, these cells eliminate by apoptosis bystander CD4(+) T cells activated at the surface of the APC. We hypothesize that they would thereby block the recruitment of cells of alternative specificity for the same autoantigen or cells specific for another antigen associated with the pathology, providing a system by which response against multiple antigens linked with the same disease can be suppressed. These findings open the way toward a novel form of antigen-specific immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Malek Abrahimians
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ; ImCyse SA , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Vincent A Carlier
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ; ImCyse SA , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Luc Vander Elst
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ; ImCyse SA , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie R Saint-Remy
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ; ImCyse SA , Leuven , Belgium
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Abstract
Mycobacterial infections can cause a variety of different manifestations. The increasing incidence of these infections worldwide brought another medical dilemma: immunological manifestations characterized by the presence of many autoantibodies and concomitant presence of autoimmune diseases. The burden of tuberculosis reactivation that emerged with immunosuppressive therapy worsened with the growing use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). This review will address the relationship between the immune system and mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Machado Ribeiro
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T Goldenberg
- Department of Pneumology/ENSP-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, Brazil
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Shirshev SV. Molecular mechanisms of hormonal and hormonal-cytokine control of immune tolerance in pregnancy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747814050079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Perera CJ, Duffy SS, Lees JG, Kim CF, Cameron B, Apostolopoulos V, Moalem-Taylor G. Active immunization with myelin-derived altered peptide ligand reduces mechanical pain hypersensitivity following peripheral nerve injury. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:28. [PMID: 25885812 PMCID: PMC4340611 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cells have been implicated in neuropathic pain that is caused by peripheral nerve injury. Immunogenic myelin basic protein (MBP) peptides have been shown to initiate mechanical allodynia in a T cell-dependent manner. Antagonistic altered peptide ligands (APLs) are peptides with substitutions in amino acid residues at T cell receptor contact sites and can inhibit T cell function and modulate inflammatory responses. In the present study, we studied the effects of immunization with MBP-derived APL on pain behavior and neuroinflammation in an animal model of peripheral nerve injury. Methods Lewis rats were immunized subcutaneously at the base of the tail with either a weakly encephalitogenic peptide of MBP (cyclo-MBP87-99) or APL (cyclo-(87-99)[A91,A96]MBP87-99) in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) or CFA only (control), following chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the left sciatic nerve. Pain hypersensitivity was tested by measurements of paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli, regulatory T cells in spleen and lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry, and immune cell infiltration into the nervous system was assessed by immunohistochemistry (days 10 and 30 post-CCI). Cytokines were measured in serum and nervous tissue of nerve-injured rats (day 10 post-CCI). Results Rats immunized with the APL cyclo-(87-99)[A91,A96]MBP87-99 had significantly reduced mechanical pain hypersensitivity in the ipsilateral hindpaw compared to cyclo-MBP87-99-treated and control rats. This was associated with significantly decreased infiltration of T cells and ED1+ macrophages in the injured nerve of APL-treated animals. The percentage of anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages was significantly upregulated in the APL-treated rats on day 30 post-CCI. Compared to the control rats, microglial activation in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord was significantly increased in the MBP-treated rats, but was not altered in the rats immunized with the MBP-derived APL. In addition, immunization with the APL significantly increased splenic regulatory T cells. Several cytokines were significantly altered after CCI, but no significant difference was observed between the APL-treated and control rats. Conclusions These results suggest that immune deviation by active immunization with a non-encephalitogenic MBP-derived APL mediates an analgesic effect in animals with peripheral nerve injury. Thus, T cell immunomodulation warrants further investigation as a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamini J Perera
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Samuel S Duffy
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Justin G Lees
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Cristina F Kim
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Barbara Cameron
- Centre for Infection and Inflammation Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND CTLA-4 immunoglobulin fusion proteins (CTLA4-Ig) suppress immune reactions by blocking the T-cell costimulatory CD28-CD80-86 pathway and are used in clinical trials for diseases featuring exaggerated T-cell reactivity including autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. However, because CTLA4-Ig has been suspected to interfere with T regulatory (Treg) cell homeostasis and function, recently, substantial concerns on CTLA4-Ig's potentially antitolerogenic effects have been raised. METHODS We tested immunoregulatory CTLA4-Ig explicitly for its effect on Treg cell numbers, frequencies and function in an in vitro murine major histocompatibility complex mismatched setting using C57BL/6 bone marrow-derived dendritic cells as stimulators of allogeneic Balb/c Foxp3 T cells, which allowed for tracing Treg cells in a straightforward fashion. RESULTS The presence of CTLA4-Ig in mixed leukocyte reactions-while dampening the global proliferative response of allostimulated Balb/c T cells-resulted in a relative increase of the frequency of thymus-derived CD4CD25Foxp3 Treg cells with intact suppressive activity. This relative increase was caused by a selective inhibitory effect of CTLA4-Ig on proliferating conventional T cells, whereas the proliferative capacity of Treg cells in cell cultures remained unaffected. Additionally, in the presence of CTLA4-Ig, the frequency of apoptosis was decreased in these cells. CONCLUSION Our findings unequivocally demonstrate that CTLA4-Ig does not negatively affect Treg cell frequencies and function in vitro.
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Concomitant analysis of Helios and Neuropilin-1 as a marker to detect thymic derived regulatory T cells in naïve mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7767. [PMID: 25586548 PMCID: PMC4293597 DOI: 10.1038/srep07767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are characterized by the expression of CD4, CD25 and the intracellular Foxp3. However, these markers do not indicate whether Treg cells are thymic derived Treg (tTreg) cells or peripherally induced Treg (pTreg) cells. Recently, Helios and Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) has been reported as potential markers for tTreg cells. Herein, we used flow cytometry to examine the proportion of CD4(+)CD8(-)CD25(+) Treg cells expressing Helios, Nrp1 and Foxp3 in thymus, pancreatic draining lymph nodes (PDLNs) and spleen of CD-1 mice, and thymus of NOD and C57BL/6 mice. The frequency of Helios(+) cells was higher than that of Nrp1(+) cells in CD4(+)CD8(-)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD8(-)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells in thymus. Interestingly, the proportion of IL-10(+), Ebi3(+)and CTLA-4(+) cells was higher in Helios(+) than Nrp1(+) tTreg cells. The anti-apoptotic activity of Helios(+) tTreg cells was higher in thymus compared to Nrp1(+) tTreg cells. Nrp1 seems to be expressed at a later developmental stage compared to Helios and Foxp3. Furthermore, the expression of Nrp1 in CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells of younger mice did not increase after stimulating them in vitro with anti-CD3 and -CD28. Thus, under these conditions, Helios could be considered a more reliable marker for distinguishing tTreg cells from pTreg cells than Nrp1.
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Harrison LC. Insulin-specific vaccination for type 1 diabetes: a step closer? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 8:834-7. [DOI: 10.4161/hv.19673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Takeuchi H. Midkine and multiple sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:931-5. [PMID: 24460675 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disease characterized by inflammatory demyelination with subsequent neuronal damage in the CNS. MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have been thought as autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated diseases. CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3(+) regulatory T-cell (Treg) plays a pivotal role in autoimmune tolerance, and tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCreg) drive the development of inducible Treg cells. Thus, a dysfunction in the development of Treg and DCreg leads to the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the factors that regulate Treg and DCreg are largely unknown. We recently showed that removal of midkine (MK) suppressed EAE due to an expansion of the Treg cell population as well as a decrease in the numbers of autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells. MK decreased the Treg cell population by suppressing the phosphorylation of STAT5, which is essential for the expression of Foxp3, the master transcriptional factor of Treg cell differentiation. Furthermore, MK reduces the DCreg cell population by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3, which is critical for DCreg development. Blockade of MK signalling by a specific RNA aptamer significantly elevated the population of DCreg and Treg cells and ameliorated EAE without detectable adverse effects. Therefore, the inhibition of MK may provide an effective therapeutic strategy against autoimmune diseases including MS. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Jin X, Wang Y, Hawthorne WJ, Hu M, Yi S, O’Connell P. Enhanced Suppression of the Xenogeneic T-Cell Response In Vitro by Xenoantigen Stimulated and Expanded Regulatory T Cells. Transplantation 2014; 97:30-8. [PMID: 24092378 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3182a860fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Schreiner B, Bailey SL, Miller SD. T-cell response dynamics in animal models of multiple sclerosis: implications for immunotherapies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 3:57-72. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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43
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Rüter J, Barnett BG, Kryczek I, Brumlik MJ, Daniel BJ, Coukos G, Zou W, Curiel TJ. Manipulating T regulatory cells in cancer immunotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469872.1.4.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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el Bannoudi H, Han WGH, Stoop JN, Louis-Plence P, Huizinga TWJ, Toes REM. DX5+ CD4+ T cells modulate CD4+ T-cell response via inhibition of IL-12 production by DCs. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:439-46. [PMID: 23169063 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
DX5(+) CD4(+) T cells have been shown to dampen collagen-induced arthritis and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in mice. These cells are also potent modulators of T-helper cell responses through direct effects on CD4(+) T cells in an IL-4 dependent manner. To further characterize this T-cell population, we studied their effect on DCs and the potential consequences on T-cell activation. Here, we show that mouse DX5(+) CD4(+) T cells modulate DCs by robustly inhibiting IL-12 production. This modulation is IL-10 dependent and does not require cell contact. Furthermore, DX5(+) CD4(+) T cells modulate the surface phenotype of LPS-matured DCs. DCs modulated by DX5(+) CD4(+) T-cell supernatant express high levels of the co-inhibitor molecules PDL-1 and PDL-2. OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells primed with DCs exposed to DX5(+) CD4(+) T-cell supernatant produce less IFN-γ than CD4(+) T cells primed by DCs exposed to either medium or DX5(-) CD4(+) T-cell supernatant. The addition of IL-12 to the co-culture with DX5(+) DCs restores IFN-γ production. When IL-10 present in the DX5(+) CD4(+) T-cell supernatant is blocked, DCs re-establish their ability to produce IL-12 and to efficiently prime CD4(+) T cells. These data show that DX5(+) CD4(+) T cells can indirectly affect the outcome of the T-cell response by inducing DCs that have poor Th1 stimulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane el Bannoudi
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bandala-Sanchez E, Zhang Y, Reinwald S, Dromey JA, Lee BH, Qian J, Böhmer RM, Harrison LC. T cell regulation mediated by interaction of soluble CD52 with the inhibitory receptor Siglec-10. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:741-8. [PMID: 23685786 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Functionally diverse T cell populations interact to maintain homeostasis of the immune system. We found that human and mouse antigen-activated T cells with high expression of the lymphocyte surface marker CD52 suppressed other T cells. CD52(hi)CD4(+) T cells were distinct from CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Their suppression was mediated by soluble CD52 released by phospholipase C. Soluble CD52 bound to the inhibitory receptor Siglec-10 and impaired phosphorylation of the T cell receptor-associated kinases Lck and Zap70 and T cell activation. Humans with type 1 diabetes had a lower frequency and diminished function of CD52(hi)CD4(+) T cells responsive to the autoantigen GAD65. In diabetes-prone mice of the nonobese diabetic (NOD) strain, transfer of lymphocyte populations depleted of CD52(hi) cells resulted in a substantially accelerated onset of diabetes. Our studies identify a ligand-receptor mechanism of T cell regulation that may protect humans and mice from autoimmune disease.
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Olson BM, McNeel DG. Monitoring regulatory immune responses in tumor immunotherapy clinical trials. Front Oncol 2013; 3:109. [PMID: 23653893 PMCID: PMC3644716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While immune monitoring of tumor immunotherapy often focuses on the generation of productive Th1-type inflammatory immune responses, the importance of regulatory immune responses is often overlooked, despite the well-documented effects of regulatory immune responses in suppressing anti-tumor immunity. In a variety of malignancies, the frequency of regulatory cell populations has been shown to correlate with disease progression and a poor prognosis, further emphasizing the importance of characterizing the effects of immunotherapy on these populations. This review focuses on the role of suppressive immune populations (regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages) in inhibiting anti-tumor immunity, how these populations have been used in the immune monitoring of clinical trials, the prognostic value of these responses, and how the monitoring of these regulatory responses can be improved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Olson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center Madison, WI, USA
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Li Y, Tsun A, Gao Z, Han Z, Gao Y, Li Z, Lin F, Wang Y, Wei G, Yao Z, Li B. 60-kDa Tat-interactive protein (TIP60) positively regulates Th-inducing POK (ThPOK)-mediated repression of eomesodermin in human CD4+ T cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15537-46. [PMID: 23609452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.430207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The abundant expression of IFNγ in Th-inducing POK (ThPOK)-deficient CD4(+) T cells requires the activation of Eomesodermin (Eomes); however, the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here we report that ThPOK binds directly to the promoter region of the Eomes gene to repress its expression in CD4(+) T cells. We identified the histone acetyltransferase TIP60 as a co-repressor of ThPOK-target genes, where ectopically expressed TIP60 increased ThPOK protein stability by promoting its acetylation at its Lys(360) residue to then augment the transcriptional repression of Eomes. Moreover, knockdown of endogenous TIP60 abolished the stabilization of ThPOK in CD4(+) T cells, which led to the transcriptional activation of Eomes and increased production of IFNγ. Our results reveal a novel pathway by which TIP60 and ThPOK synergistically suppresses Eomes function and IFNγ production, which could contribute to the regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 411 Hefei Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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Coppieters KT, Sehested Hansen B, von Herrath MG. Clinical potential of antigen-specific therapies in type 1 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2012; 9:328-37. [PMID: 23804270 PMCID: PMC3740700 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2012.9.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes (T1D), pancreatic beta-cells are attacked and destroyed by the immune system, which leads to a loss of endogenous insulin secretion. The desirable outcome of therapeutic intervention in autoimmune diseases is the restoration of immune tolerance to prevent organ damage. Past trials with immune suppressive drugs highlight the fact that T1D is in principle a curable condition. However, the barrier in T1D therapy in terms of drug safety is set particularly high because of the predominantly young population and the good prognosis associated with modern exogenous insulin therapy. Thus, there is a general consensus that chronic immune suppression is associated with unacceptable long-term safety risks. On the other hand, immune-modulatory biologicals have recently failed to confer significant protection in phase 3 clinical trials. However, the concept of antigen-specific tolerization may offer a unique strategy to safely induce long-term protection against T1D. In this review, we analyze the potential reasons for the failure of the different tolerization therapies, and describe how the concept of antigen-specific toleraization may overcome the obstacles associated with clinical therapy in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias G. von Herrath
- Type 1 Diabetes R&D Center, Novo Nordisk Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Olson BM, Jankowska-Gan E, Becker JT, Vignali DAA, Burlingham WJ, McNeel DG. Human prostate tumor antigen-specific CD8+ regulatory T cells are inhibited by CTLA-4 or IL-35 blockade. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5590-601. [PMID: 23152566 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells play important roles in cancer development and progression by limiting the generation of innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity. We hypothesized that in addition to natural CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor Ag-specific Tregs interfere with the detection of anti-tumor immunity after immunotherapy. Using samples from prostate cancer patients immunized with a DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and a trans-vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity (tvDTH) assay, we found that the detection of PAP-specific effector responses after immunization was prevented by the activity of PAP-specific regulatory cells. These regulatory cells were CD8(+)CTLA-4(+), and their suppression was relieved by blockade of CTLA-4, but not IL-10 or TGF-β. Moreover, Ag-specific CD8(+) Tregs were detected prior to immunization in the absence of PAP-specific effector responses. These PAP-specific CD8(+)CTLA-4(+) suppressor T cells expressed IL-35, which was decreased after blockade of CTLA-4, and inhibition of either CTLA-4 or IL-35 reversed PAP-specific suppression of tvDTH response. PAP-specific CD8(+)CTLA-4(+) T cells also suppressed T cell proliferation in an IL-35-dependent, contact-independent fashion. Taken together, these findings suggest a novel population of CD8(+)CTLA-4(+) IL-35-secreting tumor Ag-specific Tregs arise spontaneously in some prostate cancer patients, persist during immunization, and can prevent the detection of Ag-specific effector responses by an IL-35-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Olson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Kuroda H, Saito H, Ikeguchi M. Decreased number and reduced NKG2D expression of Vδ1 γδ T cells are involved in the impaired function of Vδ1 γδ T cells in the tissue of gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2012; 15:433-9. [PMID: 22252158 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-011-0138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cancer patients, impaired function of immune cells--such as CD8(+) T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells--reportedly results in tumor progression. Although γδ T cells also play a critical role in tumor defense, their function remains unclear in cancer patients. METHODS The frequency and function of γδ T cells in peripheral blood, normal gastric mucosa, and cancer tissue were evaluated by multicolor flow cytometry. We also determined NKG2D expression on γδ T cells in gastric cancer patients. RESULTS The frequency of Vδ1 γδ T cells in gastric cancer tissue is significantly lower than in normal gastric mucosa; however, differences in the frequencies of Vδ2 and Vγ9 γδ T cells between normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissue were not statistically significant. The Vδ1 γδ T cells from gastric cancer tissue produce significantly less IFN-γ than those from normal gastric mucosa do. Expression of NKG2D on Vδ1 γδ T cells from gastric cancer tissue was significantly lower than in normal gastric mucosa. We also found a significant correlation between NKG2D expression and IFN-γ production of Vδ1 γδ T cells in gastric cancer tissue. CONCLUSION Vδ1 γδ T cells show decreased frequency and impaired function in gastric cancer tissue, for which decreased NKG2D expression might be one of the mechanisms. Modalities specifically targeting NKG2D in Vδ1 γδ T cells may provide a breakthrough treatment for gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohiko Kuroda
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tottori University School of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
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