1
|
Sonoda T, Arigami T, Aoki M, Matsushita D, Shimonosono M, Tsuruda Y, Sasaki K, Ohtsuka T, Murakami G. Difference between sentinel and non-sentinel lymph nodes in the distribution of dendritic cells and macrophages: An immunohistochemical and morphometric study using gastric regional nodes obtained in sentinel node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer. J Anat 2024. [PMID: 39367691 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The sentinel lymph node (SN) concept has a significant impact on cancer surgery. We aimed to examine which morphology of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages corresponds to "preconditioning" of the SN against cancer. Although macrophages are generally able to tolerate cancer metastasis, the CD169-positive subtype is believed to be a limited exception. Immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses were performed to examine DC-SIGN-, CD68-, and CD169-positive cells in SNs and non-SNs of 23 patients with gastric cancer with or without nodal metastasis. All patients survived for >5 years without recurrence. DCs were present in the subcapsular, paracortical, and medullary sinuses, the endothelia of which expressed DC-SIGN and smooth muscle actin (SMA). In the non-SNs of patients without metastasis, subcapsular DCs occupied a larger area than SNs, and this difference was statistically significant. Conversely, subcapsular DCs were likely to have migrated to the paracortical area of the SNs. DC clusters often overlapped with macrophage clusters; however, histiocytosis-like clusters of CD169-negative macrophages showed a smaller overlap. We found a significantly larger overlap between DC-SIGN and CD169-positive clusters in SNs than in non-SNs; the larger overlap seemed to correspond to a higher cross-presentation of cancer antigens between these cell populations. DC-SIGN-CD169-double positive cells might exist within this overlap. SNs in gastric cancers are usually preconditioned as a frontier of cancer immunity, but they may sometimes be suppressed earlier than non-SNs. DC-SIGN- and CD169-positive cells appeared to decrease owing to a long lag time from the primary lesion occurrence and a short distance from the metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Sonoda
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Arigami
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaya Aoki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsushita
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsuruda
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ken Sasaki
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takao Ohtsuka
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
García-Silva S, Peinado H. Mechanisms of lymph node metastasis: An extracellular vesicle perspective. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151447. [PMID: 39116620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In several solid tumors such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer or melanoma, tumor draining lymph nodes are the earliest tissues where colonization by tumor cells is detected. Lymph nodes act as sentinels of metastatic dissemination, the deadliest phase of tumor progression. Besides hematogenous dissemination, lymphatic spread of tumor cells has been demonstrated, adding more complexity to the mechanisms involved in metastasis. A network of blood and lymphatic vessels surrounds tumors providing routes for tumor soluble factors to mediate regional and long-distance effects. Additionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly small EVs/exosomes, have been shown to circulate through the blood and lymph, favoring the formation of pre-metastatic niches in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and distant organs. In this review, we present an overview of the relevance of lymph node metastasis, the structural and immune changes occurring in TDLNs during tumor progression, and how extracellular vesicles contribute to modulating some of these alterations while promoting the formation of lymph node pre-metastatic niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Silva
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gupta R, Das CK, Nair SS, Pedraza-Bermeo AM, Zahalka AH, Kyprianou N, Bhardwaj N, Tewari AK. From foes to friends: rethinking the role of lymph nodes in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00912-9. [PMID: 39095580 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Clinically localized prostate cancer is often treated with radical prostatectomy combined with pelvic lymph node dissection. Data suggest that lymph node dissection does improve disease staging, but its therapeutic value has often been debated, with few studies showing that lymph node removal directly improves oncological outcomes; however, lymph nodes are an important first site of antigen recognition and immune system activation and the success of many currently used immunological therapies hinges on this dogma. Evidence, particularly in the preclinical setting, has demonstrated that the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors is dampened by the removal of tumour-draining lymph nodes. Thus, whether lymph nodes are truly 'foes' or whether they are actually 'friends' in oncological care is an important idea to discuss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Gupta
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chandan K Das
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sujit S Nair
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ali H Zahalka
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leong SP. Immune responses and immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment against cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:473-493. [PMID: 39155358 PMCID: PMC11374840 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells within a population are heterogeneous due to genomic mutations or epigenetic changes. The immune response to cancer especially the T cell repertoire within the cancer microenvionment is important to the control and growth of cancer cells. When a cancer clone breaks through the surveillance of the immune system, it wins the battle to overcome the host's immune system. In this review, the complicated profile of the cancer microenvironment is emphasized. The molecular evidence of immune responses to cancer has been recently established. Based on these molecular mechanisms of immune interactions with cancer, clinical trials based on checkpoint inhibition therapy against CTLA-4 and/or PD-1 versus PD-L1 have been successful in the treatment of melanoma, lung cancer and other types of cancer. The diversity of the T cell repertoire is described and the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes within the cancer may be expanded ex vivo and infused back to the patient as a treatment modality for adoptive immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley P Leong
- California Pacific Medical Center and Research Institute, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morgaenko K, Arneja A, Ball AG, Putelo AM, Munson JM, Rutkowski MR, Pompano RR. Ex vivo model of breast cancer cell invasion in live lymph node tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.18.601753. [PMID: 39091774 PMCID: PMC11291011 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.18.601753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LNs) are common sites of metastatic invasion in breast cancer, often preceding spread to distant organs and serving as key indicators of clinical disease progression. However, the mechanisms of cancer cell invasion into LNs are not well understood. Existing in vivo models struggle to isolate the specific impacts of the tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) milieu on cancer cell invasion due to the co-evolving relationship between TDLNs and the upstream tumor. To address these limitations, we used live ex vivo LN tissue slices with intact chemotactic function to model cancer cell spread within a spatially organized microenvironment. After showing that BRPKp110 breast cancer cells were chemoattracted to factors secreted by naïve LN tissue in a 3D migration assay, we demonstrated that ex vivo LN slices could support cancer cell seeding, invasion, and spread. This novel approach revealed dynamic, preferential cancer cell invasion within specific anatomical regions of LNs, particularly the subcapsular sinus (SCS) and cortex, as well as chemokine-rich domains of immobilized CXCL13 and CCL1. While CXCR5 was necessary for a portion of BRPKp110 invasion into naïve LNs, disruption of CXCR5/CXCL13 signaling alone was insufficient to prevent invasion towards CXCL13-rich domains. Finally, we extended this system to pre-metastatic TDLNs, where the ex vivo model predicted a lower invasion of cancer cells. The reduced invasion was not due to diminished chemokine secretion, but it correlated with elevated intranodal IL-21. In summary, this innovative ex vivo model of cancer cell spread in live LN slices provides a platform to investigate cancer invasion within the intricate tissue microenvironment, supporting time-course analysis and parallel read-outs. We anticipate that this system will enable further research into cancer-immune interactions and allow isolation of specific factors that make TDLNs resistant to cancer cell invasion, which are challenging to dissect in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Morgaenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Carter Immunology Center and University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Abhinav Arneja
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alexander G Ball
- Carter Immunology Center and University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Audrey M Putelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer M Munson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Melanie R Rutkowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca R Pompano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Carter Immunology Center and University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi J, Wu W, Chen D, Liao Z, Sheng T, Wang Y, Yao Y, Wu Q, Liu F, Zhou R, Zhu C, Shen X, Mao Z, Ding Y, Wang W, Dotti G, Sun J, Liang X, Fang W, Zhao P, Li H, Gu Z. Lyophilized lymph nodes for improved delivery of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:844-853. [PMID: 38448658 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are crucial organs of the adaptive immune system, orchestrating T cell priming, activation and tolerance. T cell activity and function are highly regulated by lymph nodes, which have a unique structure harbouring distinct cells that work together to detect and respond to pathogen-derived antigens. Here we show that implanted patient-derived freeze-dried lymph nodes loaded with chimeric antigen receptor T cells improve delivery to solid tumours and inhibit tumour recurrence after surgery. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells can be effectively loaded into lyophilized lymph nodes, whose unaltered meshwork and cytokine and chemokine contents promote chimeric antigen receptor T cell viability and activation. In mouse models of cell-line-derived human cervical cancer and patient-derived pancreatic cancer, delivery of chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting mesothelin via the freeze-dried lymph nodes is more effective in preventing tumour recurrence when compared to hydrogels containing T-cell-supporting cytokines. This tissue-mediated cell delivery strategy holds promise for controlled release of various cells and therapeutics with long-term activity and augmented function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sheng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuejun Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hongjun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China.
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhen Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Jinhua Institute, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China.
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gerlini G, Susini P, Sestini S, Brandani P, Giannotti V, Borgognoni L. Langerhans Cells in Sentinel Lymph Nodes from Melanoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1890. [PMID: 38791968 PMCID: PMC11119378 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Langerhans cells (LCs) are professional Dendritic Cells (DCs) involved in immunoregulatory functions. At the skin level, LCs are immature. In response to tissue injuries, they migrate to regional Lymph Nodes (LNs), reaching a full maturation state. Then, they become effective antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that induce anti-cancer responses. Notably, melanoma patients present several DC alterations in the Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN), where primary antitumoral immunity is generated. LCs are the most represented DCs subset in melanoma SLNs and are expected to play a key role in the anti-melanoma response. With this paper, we aim to review the current knowledge and future perspectives regarding LCs and melanoma. METHODS A systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA statement using the PubMed (MEDLINE) library from January 2004 to January 2024, searching for original studies discussing LC in melanoma. RESULTS The final synthesis included 15 articles. Several papers revealed significant LCs-melanoma interactions. CONCLUSIONS Melanoma immune escape mechanisms include SLN LC alterations, favoring LN metastasis arrival/homing and melanoma proliferation. The SLN LCs of melanoma patients are defective but not irreversibly, and their function may be restored by appropriate stimuli. Thus, LCs represent a promising target for future immunotherapeutic strategies and cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Gerlini
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.); (V.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Pietro Susini
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Serena Sestini
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.); (V.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Paola Brandani
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.); (V.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Vanni Giannotti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.); (V.G.); (L.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Borgognoni
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy; (S.S.); (P.B.); (V.G.); (L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cruz de Casas P, Knöpper K, Dey Sarkar R, Kastenmüller W. Same yet different - how lymph node heterogeneity affects immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:358-374. [PMID: 38097778 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid organs in which immune responses of the adaptive immune system are initiated and regulated. Distributed throughout the body and embedded in the lymphatic system, local lymph nodes are continuously informed about the state of the organs owing to a constant drainage of lymph. The tissue-derived lymph carries products of cell metabolism, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, pathogens and circulating immune cells. Notably, there is a growing body of evidence that individual lymph nodes differ from each other in their capacity to generate immune responses. Here, we review the structure and function of the lymphatic system and then focus on the factors that lead to functional heterogeneity among different lymph nodes. We will discuss how lymph node heterogeneity impacts on cellular and humoral immune responses and the implications for vaccination, tumour development and tumour control by immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cruz de Casas
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rupak Dey Sarkar
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Max Planck Research Group, Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Vos-Hillebrand L, Fietz S, Hillebrand P, Kulcsár Z, Diop MY, Hollick S, Maas AP, Strieth S, Landsberg J, Dietrich D. CD52 mRNA expression predicts prognosis and response to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024; 37:309-315. [PMID: 37975535 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The immune-modulating protein CD52 attenuates lymphocyte function and is associated with autoimmune disorders, for example, multiple sclerosis (MS). CD52 represents a therapeutic target in MS and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Its expression has prognostic and predictive value in CLL and is prognostic in breast cancer. Its significance in melanoma is unclear. We analyzed CD52 mRNA expression data from tumor bulk tissues of N = 445 untreated melanoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network and of N = 121 melanoma patients undergoing anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with regard to outcome (overall survival [OS], disease control [DC], and progression-free survival [PFS]), single-cell RNA-Seq data of N = 4645 cells from N = 19 melanoma tissues, and N = 15,457 cells from normal skin provided by N = 5 donors. Higher CD52 mRNA expression was associated with favorable OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.820, [95% CI 0.734-0.916], p < .001) in non-ICB-treated melanoma and with PFS (HR = 0.875, [95% CI 0.775-0.989], p = .033) and DC (p = .005) in ICB-treated melanoma. CD52 expression correlated significantly with distinct immune cell subsets and correlated negatively with immune checkpoint expression in T cells. Moreover, our results suggest CD52 expression by a certain type of tissue-resident macrophages. CD52 mRNA was expressed in a small subgroup (8%) of immune checkpoint coexpressing melanoma cells. CD52 expression is associated with features of ICB response in melanoma. Concomitant ICB and anti-CD52 treatment requires critical review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luka de Vos-Hillebrand
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Fietz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Hillebrand
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Zsófi Kulcsár
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie Yatou Diop
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Hollick
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Katsikis PD, Ishii KJ, Schliehe C. Challenges in developing personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:213-227. [PMID: 37783860 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent success of cancer immunotherapies has highlighted the benefit of harnessing the immune system for cancer treatment. Vaccines have a long history of promoting immunity to pathogens and, consequently, vaccines targeting cancer neoantigens have been championed as a tool to direct and amplify immune responses against tumours while sparing healthy tissue. In recent years, extensive preclinical research and more than one hundred clinical trials have tested different strategies of neoantigen discovery and vaccine formulations. However, despite the enthusiasm for neoantigen vaccines, proof of unequivocal efficacy has remained beyond reach for the majority of clinical trials. In this Review, we focus on the key obstacles pertaining to vaccine design and tumour environment that remain to be overcome in order to unleash the true potential of neoantigen vaccines in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center (vDesC), The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher Schliehe
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kusajima EG, Yamamoto Y, Ishikawa K, Miura T, Funayama E, Osawa M, Takagi R, Maeda T. Sentinel node restoration by vascularized lymph node transfer in mice. Microsurgery 2024; 44:e30981. [PMID: 36321604 DOI: 10.1002/micr.30981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports have indicated that vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) may improve the impaired immunity in lymphedema but there has been no report concerning anti-cancer immunity. In the early tumor immune response, dendritic cells (DCs) participate in tumor recognition and antigen presentation in local lymphatics. Here, we investigated the impact of VLNT on DC dynamics against cancer in mouse models. METHODS Forty-seven 8-week-old C57BL/6 N male mice were divided into three surgical groups: a VLNT model in which a vascularized inguinal lymph node (LN) flap was transferred into the ipsilateral fossa after a popliteal LN was removed; a LN dissection (LND) model in which the popliteal LN was dissected; and a control model in which a skin incision was made at the popliteal fossa and an ipsilateral inguinal LN was removed. Postoperative lymphatic flows were observed by indocyanine green lymphography and B16-F10-luc2 mouse melanoma were implanted into the ipsilateral footpad. The proportion of DCs in the transplanted nodes was measured by CD11c immunohistochemistry using digital imaging analysis 4 days after cancer implantation. Metastases to the lungs and LNs were quantitatively evaluated by luciferase assay 4 weeks after cancer implantation. RESULTS After VLNT, lymphatic reconnection was observed in 59.2% of mice. The proportion of DCs was significantly higher in the VLNT group with lymphatic reconnection (8.6% ± 1.0%) than in the naïve LN (4.3% ± 0.4%) (p < .001). The tumor burden of lung metastases was significantly less in the VLNT group with lymphatic reconnection compared with the LND group (p = .049). CONCLUSIONS Metastasis decreased in mice with reconnected lymphatics after VLNT. A possible explanation was that lymphatic restoration may have contributed to the tumor immune response by allowing DC migration to LNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika G Kusajima
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Yamamoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ishikawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emi Funayama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Osawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taku Maeda
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharon S, Daher-Ghanem N, Zaid D, Gough MJ, Kravchenko-Balasha N. The immunogenic radiation and new players in immunotherapy and targeted therapy for head and neck cancer. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1180869. [PMID: 37496754 PMCID: PMC10366623 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1180869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although treatment modalities for head and neck cancer have evolved considerably over the past decades, survival rates have plateaued. The treatment options remained limited to definitive surgery, surgery followed by fractionated radiotherapy with optional chemotherapy, and a definitive combination of fractionated radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Lately, immunotherapy has been introduced as the fourth modality of treatment, mainly administered as a single checkpoint inhibitor for recurrent or metastatic disease. While other regimens and combinations of immunotherapy and targeted therapy are being tested in clinical trials, adapting the appropriate regimens to patients and predicting their outcomes have yet to reach the clinical setting. Radiotherapy is mainly regarded as a means to target cancer cells while minimizing the unwanted peripheral effect. Radiotherapy regimens and fractionation are designed to serve this purpose, while the systemic effect of radiation on the immune response is rarely considered a factor while designing treatment. To bridge this gap, this review will highlight the effect of radiotherapy on the tumor microenvironment locally, and the immune response systemically. We will review the methodology to identify potential targets for therapy in the tumor microenvironment and the scientific basis for combining targeted therapy and radiotherapy. We will describe a current experience in preclinical models to test these combinations and propose how challenges in this realm may be faced. We will review new players in targeted therapy and their utilization to drive immunogenic response against head and neck cancer. We will outline the factors contributing to head and neck cancer heterogeneity and their effect on the response to radiotherapy. We will review in-silico methods to decipher intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity and how these algorithms can predict treatment outcomes. We propose that (a) the sequence of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy should be designed not only to annul cancer directly, but to prime the immune response. (b) Fractionation of radiotherapy and the extent of the irradiated field should facilitate systemic immunity to develop. (c) New players in targeted therapy should be evaluated in translational studies toward clinical trials. (d) Head and neck cancer treatment should be personalized according to patients and tumor-specific factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shay Sharon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Narmeen Daher-Ghanem
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Deema Zaid
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael J. Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nataly Kravchenko-Balasha
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wakisaka N, Moriyama-Kita M, Kondo S, Kobayashi E, Ueno T, Nakanishi Y, Endo K, Sugimoto H, Yoshizaki T. Immune-related gene expression profile at peri-tumoral tonsillar tissue is modified by oropharyngeal cancer nodal status. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023:S0002-9440(23)00167-0. [PMID: 37169342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), such as lymph nodes and tonsils, serve as an interface between the immune system and tumor cells as an initial antigen presentation site, critical in anti-tumor immune response and disease progression. For oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) originating from palatine tonsils, we hypothesized that characterizing the immunological process occurring at the peri-tumoral tonsillar tissue will elucidate immune mechanisms for the lymphatic spread of the disease. A total of 33 patients were enrolled and subdivided into two cohorts. For cohort 1 (6 cases), gene expression profiles at the peri-tumoral lymphoid regions and tumor regions were analyzed using the GeoMx whole transcriptome atlas. In the peri-tumoral lymphoid regions, 237 genes were upregulated in metastasis-negative cases compared with metastasis-positive ones, but only one gene in tumor regions. For cohort 2 (27 cases), microarray analysis of peri-tumoral tonsillar tissues revealed 192 upregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses revealed the significantly enriched GO terms associated with T cell activation and detected 10 hub genes according to the degree rank (PTPRC, TLR4, CD80, CD40, STAT3, CD28, CD40LG, CD44, CCR7, and IL7R). Gene set enrichment analysis combined with principal component analysis effectively sorted patients with or without lymph node metastases. These findings suggest peri-tumoral tonsils as a potential target to investigate the immune mechanisms associated with the lymphatic spread of the disease in OPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Wakisaka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center; Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University.
| | - Makiko Moriyama-Kita
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Satoru Kondo
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Takayoshi Ueno
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Yosuke Nakanishi
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Kazuhira Endo
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Hisashi Sugimoto
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Tomokazu Yoshizaki
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Piersiala K, Hjalmarsson E, da Silva PFN, Lagebro V, Kolev A, Starkhammar M, Elliot A, Marklund L, Munck-Wikland E, Margolin G, Georén SK, Cardell LO. Regulatory B cells producing IL-10 are increased in human tumor draining lymph nodes. Int J Cancer 2023. [PMID: 37144812 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of different immune cell subsets, especially T cells, in anti-tumor immune response is well established. In contrast to T cells, the anti-tumor contribution of B cells has been scarcely investigated. B-cells are often overlooked, even though they are important players in a fully integrated immune response and constitute a substantial fraction of tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) known also as Sentinel Nodes. In this project, samples including TDLNs, non-TDLNs (nTDLNs) and metastatic lymph nodes from 21 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed by flow cytometry. TDLNs were characterized by a significantly higher proportion of B cells compared with nTDLNs (P = .0127). TDLNs-associated B cells contained high percentages of naïve B cells, in contrary to nTDLNs which contained significantly higher percentages of memory B cells. Patients having metastases in TDLNs showed a significantly higher presence of immunosuppressive B regulatory cells compared with metastasis-free patients (P = .0008). Elevated levels of regulatory B cells in TDLNs were associated with the advancement of the disease. B cells in TDLNs were characterized by significantly higher expression of an immunosuppressive cytokine-IL-10 compared with nTDLNs (P = .0077). Our data indicate that B cells in human TDLNs differ from B cells in nTDLNs and exhibit more naïve and immunosuppressive phenotypes. We identified a high accumulation of regulatory B cells within TDLNs which may be a potential obstacle in achieving response to novel cancer immunotherapies (ICIs) in head and neck cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Piersiala
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Hjalmarsson
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Vilma Lagebro
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aeneas Kolev
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical unit Head Neck, Lung and skin Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Starkhammar
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Elliot
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical unit Head Neck, Lung and skin Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Marklund
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical unit Head Neck, Lung and skin Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Munck-Wikland
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical unit Head Neck, Lung and skin Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregori Margolin
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical unit Head Neck, Lung and skin Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kumlien Georén
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olaf Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
T Cell-Association of Carboxy-Terminal Dendrimers with Different Bound Numbers of Phenylalanine and Their Application to Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030888. [PMID: 36986747 PMCID: PMC10052534 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play important roles in various immune reactions, and their activation is necessary for cancer immunotherapy. Previously, we showed that polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers modified with 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (CHex) and phenylalanine (Phe) underwent effective uptake by various immune cells, including T cells and their subsets. In this study, we synthesized various carboxy-terminal dendrimers modified with different bound numbers of Phe and investigated the association of these dendrimers with T cells to evaluate the influence of terminal Phe density. Carboxy-terminal dendrimers conjugating Phe at more than half of the termini exhibited a higher association with T cells and other immune cells. The carboxy-terminal Phe-modified dendrimers at 75% Phe density tended to exhibit the highest association with T cells and other immune cells, which was related to their association with liposomes. A model drug, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), was encapsulated into carboxy-terminal Phe-modified dendrimers, which were then used for drug delivery into T cells. Our results suggest the carboxy-terminal Phe-modified dendrimers are useful for delivery into T cells.
Collapse
|
16
|
Katakai T. Yin and yang roles of B lymphocytes in solid tumors: Balance between antitumor immunity and immune tolerance/immunosuppression in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1088129. [PMID: 36761946 PMCID: PMC9902938 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1088129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of B cells in antitumor immunity has been reported to be either promotive or suppressive, but the specific mechanism remains to be comprehensively understood. However, this complicated situation likely depends on the temporal and spatial relationship between the developing tumor and B cells that recognize tumor antigens. Unlike responses against microbial or pathogenic infections, tumor cells are derived from autologous cells that have mutated and become aberrant; thus, elimination by the adaptive immune system is essentially inefficient. If tumor cells can evade immune attack at an early stage, non-destructive responses, such as tolerance and immunosuppression, are established over time. In tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), tumor antigen-reactive B cells potentially acquire immunoregulatory phenotypes and contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, triggering and enhancing antitumor responses by immunotherapies require selective control of these regulatory B cell subsets in TDLNs. In contrast, B cell infiltration and formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in tumors are positively correlated with therapeutic prognosis, suggesting that tumor antigen-specific activation of B cells and antibody production are advantageous for antitumor immunity in mid- to late-stage tumors. Given that the presence of B cells in tumor tissues may reflect the ongoing antitumor response in TDLNs, therapeutic induction and enhancement of these lymphocytes are expected to increase the overall effectiveness of immunotherapy. Therefore, B cells are promising targets, but the spatiotemporal balance of the subsets that exhibit opposite characteristics, that is, the protumor or antitumor state in TDLNs, should be understood, and strategies to separately control their functions should be developed to maximize the clinical outcome.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhu Y, Meng M, Hou Z, Wang W, Li L, Guan A, Wang R, Tang W, Yang F, Zhao Y, Gao H, Xie H, Li R, Tan J. Impact of cytotoxic T lymphocytes immunotherapy on prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1122669. [PMID: 36726382 PMCID: PMC9885253 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1122669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Expansion and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vitro represents a promising immunotherapeutic strategy, and CTLs can be primed by dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) transformed by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV). This study aimed to explore the impact of rAAV-DC-induced CTLs on prognosis of CRC and to explore factors associated with prognosis. Methods This prospective observational study included patients operated for CRC at Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University between 2016 and 2019. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and adverse events. Totally 49 cases were included, with 29 and 20 administered rAAV-DC-induced CTL and chemotherapy, respectively. Results After 37-69 months of follow-up (median, 54 months), OS (P=0.0596) and PFS (P=0.0788) were comparable between two groups. Mild fever occurred in 2 (6.9%) patients administered CTL infusion. All the chemotherapy group experienced mild-to-moderate adverse effects, including vasculitis (n=20, 100%), vomiting (n=5, 25%), nausea (n=17, 85%) and fatigue (n=17, 85%). Conclusions Lymphatic metastasis (hazard ratio [HR]=4.498, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.290-15.676; P=0.018) and lower HLA-I expression (HR=0.294, 95%CI: 0.089-0.965; P=0.044) were associated with poor OS in the CTL group. CTLs induced by rAAV-DCs might achieve comparable effectiveness in CRC patients compare to chemotherapy, cases with high tumor-associated HLA-I expression and no lymphatic metastasis were more likely to benefit from CTLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingyao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment in Yunnan Province, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment in Yunnan Province, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment in Yunnan Province, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment in Yunnan Province, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Aoran Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruotian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment in Yunnan Province, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment in Yunnan Province, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment in Yunnan Province, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruhong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Ruhong Li, ; Jing Tan,
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Ruhong Li, ; Jing Tan,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Harris N, Tan MY, Ng M, Blakey D, Guerrieri M, Joon DL, Lau E, Foroudi F, Armstrong A, Chao M. PSMA-PET Detection of Unusual Metastases in Castrate-Sensitive Prostate Carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:85-89. [PMID: 36288618 PMCID: PMC9762707 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifaceted, heterogeneous disease (with 7 molecular subtypes), which can metastasize to common sites, such as bone, lymph nodes, liver, and lungs. However, with PSMA PET imaging, rare sites of metastasis are increasingly discovered. We report 5 cases of unusual metastases in patients with castrate-sensitive PCa: solitary right inguinal nodal metastasis, solitary abdominal wall metastasis, penile shaft metastases, solitary perineum metastasis, and pleural metastases. These cases further support the use of PSMA-PET imaging in PCa monitoring, with the ability to detect solitary, small volume, and rare sites of metastases, which may not be apparent on conventional imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathanial Harris
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Heidelberg
| | - Mun Yee Tan
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Heidelberg
| | - Michael Ng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GenesisCare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Blakey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GenesisCare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mario Guerrieri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, GenesisCare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daryl Lim Joon
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Heidelberg
| | - Eddie Lau
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Heidelberg
| | - Farshad Foroudi
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Heidelberg
| | - Alexander Armstrong
- From the Department of Radiation Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Heidelberg
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Karapetyan L, Gooding W, Li A, Yang X, Knight A, Abushukair HM, Vargas De Stefano D, Sander C, Karunamurthy A, Panelli M, Storkus WJ, Tarhini AA, Kirkwood JM. Sentinel Lymph Node Gene Expression Signature Predicts Recurrence-Free Survival in Cutaneous Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14204973. [PMID: 36291758 PMCID: PMC9599365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to develop a sentinel lymph node gene expression signature score predictive of disease recurrence in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Gene expression profiling was performed on SLN biopsies using U133A 2.0 Affymetrix gene chips. The top 25 genes associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) were selected and a penalized regression function was used to select 12 genes with a non-zero coefficient. A proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the association between clinical covariates, gene signature score, and RFS. Among the 45 patients evaluated, 23 (51%) had a positive SLN. Twenty-one (46.7%) patients developed disease recurrence. For the top 25 differentially expressed genes (DEG), 12 non-zero penalized coefficients were estimated (CLGN, C1QTNF3, ADORA3, ARHGAP8, DCTN1, ASPSCR1, CHRFAM7A, ZNF223, PDE6G, CXCL3, HEXIM1, HLA-DRB). This 12-gene signature score was significantly associated with RFS (p < 0.0001) and produced a bootstrap C index of 0.888. In univariate analysis, Breslow thickness, presence of primary tumor ulceration, SLN positivity were each significantly associated with RFS. After simultaneously adjusting for these prognostic factors in relation to the gene signature, the 12-gene score remained a significant independent predictor for RFS (p < 0.0001). This SLN 12-gene signature risk score is associated with melanoma recurrence regardless of SLN status and may be used as a prognostic factor for RFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Karapetyan
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - William Gooding
- Hillman Cancer Center, Biostatistics Facility, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Aofei Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Knight
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hassan M. Abushukair
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Danielle Vargas De Stefano
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Cindy Sander
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Arivarasan Karunamurthy
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Divisions of Dermatopathology and Molecular Genetic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Walter J. Storkus
- Departments of Dermatology, Immunology, Pathology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ahmad A. Tarhini
- Departments of Cutaneous Oncology and Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: (A.A.T.); (J.M.K.)
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence: (A.A.T.); (J.M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Presence of Dendritic Cell Subsets in Sentinel Nodes of Breast Cancer Patients Is Related to Nodal Burden. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158461. [PMID: 35955602 PMCID: PMC9369399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are both the first site where breast cancer (BC) metastases form and where anti-tumoral immunity develops. Despite being the most potent antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) located in a nodal tissue can both promote or suppress immune response against cancer in SLNs. METHODS: In SLNs excisions obtained from 123 invasive BC patients, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD1a, CD1c, DC-LAMP, and DC-SIGN to identify different DCs populations. Then we investigated the numbers of DCs subsets in tumor-free, micrometastatic, and macrometastatic SLNs with the use of a light microscope. RESULTS: We observed that CD1c+ and DC-SIGN+ DCs were more numerous in SLNs with a larger tumor size. More abundant intratumoral DC-LAMP+ population was related to a higher number of metastatic lymph nodes. Conversely, more abundant CD1a+ DCs were associated with a decreasing nodal burden in SLNs and a lower number of involved lymph nodes. Moreover, densities of the investigated DC populations differed with respect to tumor grade, HER2 overexpression, hormone receptor status, and histologic type of BC. CONCLUSIONS: According to their subtype, DCs are associated with either lower or higher nodal burden in SLNs from invasive BC patients. These relationships appear to be dependent not only on the maturation state of DCs but also on the histological and biological characteristics of the tumor.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang T, Xu Y, Shao W, Wang C. Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping: Current Applications and Future Perspectives in Gynecology Malignant Tumors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:922585. [PMID: 35847801 PMCID: PMC9276931 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.922585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is a group of lymph nodes initially involved in the metastatic spread of cancer cells. SLN mapping refers to intraoperative localization and biopsy of SLNs with specific tracers to assess lymph node metastases. It is widely used in a variety of tumor surgeries for its high sensitivity and high negative predictive value. In the evaluation of the status of lymph node metastases in gynecological malignancies, it has received increasingly more attention due to its minor invasiveness, few complications, and high diagnosis rate. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines provide an excellent introduction to the indications and methods of SLN techniques in vulvar, cervical, and endometrial cancers, but they provide little explanation about some specific issues. In this review, we summarize different dyes and injection methods and discuss the indications of application and the clinical trials of SLN mapping in gynecological malignant tumors, aiming to provide a reference for the rational application of sentinel techniques in gynecology malignant tumors before relevant guidelines are updated.
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu L, Zhang Q, Lu L, Shi Y, Liu L, Shen J, Chen Y. Unimolecular Nano-contrast Agent with Ultrahigh Relaxivity and Very Long Retention for Magnetic Resonance Lymphography. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4090-4096. [PMID: 35549497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is very important for noninvasive lymphography. However, the present MR contrast agents still cannot supply strong enough tissue contrast and long observation window. To improve the performance of contrast agents, we introduce one-dimensional unimolecular nanoparticles with a confined and compact poly(acrylic acid) core as nanoparticulate chelates of gadolinium ions. Thus, obtained nanoparticulate T1 contrast agents give r1 relaxivity as high as 136.3 mM-1·s-1 under 3.0 T. By injection at the footpad of mice, the contrast agents provide excellent contrast enhancement of lymphatic drainage and they may arrive at popliteal lymph nodes within 30 min and reside for more than 80 h. High performance of the present contrast agent is attributed to the confined and compact core of materials that increase hydration number, intershell water diffusion, and decrease rotational motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liejing Lu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510630 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yaddanapudi K, Stamp BF, Subrahmanyam PB, Smolenkov A, Waigel SJ, Gosain R, Egger ME, Martin RC, Buscaglia R, Maecker HT, McMasters KM, Chesney JA. Single-Cell Immune Mapping of Melanoma Sentinel Lymph Nodes Reveals an Actionable Immunotolerant Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2069-2081. [PMID: 35046061 PMCID: PMC9840851 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Improving our understanding of the immunologic response to cancer cells within the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) of primary tumors is expected to identify new approaches to stimulate clinically meaningful cancer immunity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), flow cytometry, and T-cell receptor immunosequencing to conduct simultaneous single-cell analyses of immune cells in the SLNs of patients with melanoma. RESULTS We found increased effector-memory αβ T cells, TCR clonality, and γδ T cells selectively in the melanoma-bearing SLNs relative to non-melanoma-bearing SLNs, consistent with possible activation of an antitumor immune response. However, we also observed a markedly immunotolerant environment in the melanoma-bearing SLNs indicated by reduced and impaired NK cells and increased levels of CD8+CD57+PD-1+ cells, which are known to display low melanoma killing capabilities. Other changes observed in melanoma-bearing SLNs when compared with non-melanoma-bearing SLNs include (i) reduced CD8+CD69+ T cell/T regulatory cell ratio, (ii) high PD-1 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and (iii) high CTLA-4 expression on γδ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that these immunologic changes compromise antimelanoma immunity and contribute to a high relapse rate. We propose the development of clinical trials to test the neo-adjuvant administration of anti-PD-1 antibodies prior to SLN resection in patients with stage III melanoma. See related commentary by Lund, p. 1996.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Yaddanapudi
- Immuno-Oncology Group, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Department of Surgery, Division of Immunotherapy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bryce F. Stamp
- Immuno-Oncology Group, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Department of Surgery, Division of Immunotherapy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Priyanka B. Subrahmanyam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Smolenkov
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sabine J. Waigel
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rahul Gosain
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Michael E. Egger
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Robert C.G. Martin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Robert Buscaglia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northern Arizona University, Arizona, USA
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelly M. McMasters
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Correspondence to: Jason A. Chesney, MD, PhD, Kelly M. McMasters, MD, PhD, University of Louisville, Clinical and Translational Research Building, Louisville, KY 40202, ,
| | - Jason A. Chesney
- Immuno-Oncology Group, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Department of Surgery, Division of Immunotherapy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Correspondence to: Jason A. Chesney, MD, PhD, Kelly M. McMasters, MD, PhD, University of Louisville, Clinical and Translational Research Building, Louisville, KY 40202, ,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Song Y, Bugada L, Li R, Hu H, Zhang L, Li C, Yuan H, Rajanayake KK, Truchan NA, Wen F, Gao W, Sun D. Albumin nanoparticle containing a PI3Kγ inhibitor and paclitaxel in combination with α-PD1 induces tumor remission of breast cancer in mice. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl3649. [PMID: 35507675 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulators that remodel the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment have been combined with anti-programmed death 1 (α-PD1) or anti-programmed death ligand 1 (α-PDL1) immunotherapy but have shown limited success in clinical trials. However, therapeutic strategies to modulate the immunosuppressive microenvironment of lymph nodes have been largely overlooked. Here, we designed an albumin nanoparticle, Nano-PI, containing the immunomodulators PI3Kγ inhibitor (IPI-549) and paclitaxel (PTX). We treated two breast cancer mouse models with Nano-PI in combination with α-PD1, which remodeled the tumor microenvironment in both lymph nodes and tumors. This combination achieved long-term tumor remission in mouse models and eliminated lung metastases. PTX combined with IPI-549 enabled the formation of a stable nanoparticle and enhanced the repolarization of M2 to M1 macrophages. Nano-PI not only enhanced the delivery of both immunomodulators to lymph nodes and tumors but also improved the drug accumulation in the macrophages of these two tissues. Immune cell profiling revealed that the combination of Nano-PI with α-PD1 remodeled the immune microenvironment by polarizing M2 to M1 macrophages, increasing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells, decreasing regulatory T cells, and preventing T cell exhaustion. Our data suggest that Nano-PI in combination with α-PD1 modulates the immune microenvironment in both lymph nodes and tumors to achieve long-term remission in mice with metastatic breast cancer, and represents a promising candidate for future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Luke Bugada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hongxiang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Luchen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chengyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hebao Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Krishani Kumari Rajanayake
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nathan A Truchan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rovera C, Berestjuk I, Lecacheur M, Tavernier C, Diazzi S, Pisano S, Irondelle M, Mallavialle A, Albrengues J, Gaggioli C, Girard CA, Passeron T, Deckert M, Tartare-Deckert S, Prod'homme V. Secretion of IL1 by Dedifferentiated Melanoma Cells Inhibits JAK1-STAT3-Driven Actomyosin Contractility of Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1774-1788. [PMID: 35502542 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC) are immunologically specialized myofibroblasts that control the elasticity of the lymph node, in part through their contractile properties. Swelling of tumor-draining lymph nodes is a hallmark of lymphophilic cancers such as cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma displays high intratumoral heterogeneity with the coexistence of melanoma cells with variable differentiation phenotypes from melanocytic to dedifferentiated states. Factors secreted by melanoma cells promote premetastatic lymph node reprograming and tumor spreading. Elucidating the impact of the melanoma secretome on FRC could help identify approaches to prevent metastasis. Here we show that melanocytic and dedifferentiated melanoma cells differentially impact the FRC contractile phenotype. Factors secreted by dedifferentiated cells, but not by melanocytic cells, strongly inhibited actomyosin-dependent contractile forces of FRC by decreasing the activity of the RHOA-RHO-kinase (ROCK) pathway and the mechano-responsive transcriptional coactivator Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP). Transcriptional profiling and biochemical analyses indicated that actomyosin cytoskeleton relaxation in FRC is driven by inhibition of the JAK1-STAT3 pathway. This FRC relaxation was associated with increased FRC proliferation and activation and with elevated tumor invasion in vitro. The secretome of dedifferentiated melanoma cells also modulated the biomechanical properties of distant lymph node in premetastatic mouse models. Finally, IL1 produced by dedifferentiated cells was involved in the inhibition of FRC contractility. These data highlight the role of the JAK1-STAT3 and YAP pathways in spontaneous contractility of resting FRC. They also suggest that dedifferentiated melanoma cells specifically target FRC biomechanical properties to favor tumor spreading in the premetastatic lymph node niche. Targeting this remote communication could be an effective strategy to prevent metastatic spread of the disease. SIGNIFICANCE Communication between dedifferentiated melanoma cells and lymph node fibroblasts reprograms the biomechanical properties of the premetastatic lymph node niche to promote tumor invasion. See related commentary by Lund, p. 1692.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rovera
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Team 11, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Ilona Berestjuk
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Team 11, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Margaux Lecacheur
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Team 11, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Cassandre Tavernier
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Team 11, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Serena Diazzi
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Team 11, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Nice, France
| | - Marie Irondelle
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Aude Mallavialle
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Team 11, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Jean Albrengues
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Nice, France
| | - Cédric Gaggioli
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Nice, France
| | - Christophe A Girard
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Team 11, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Thierry Passeron
- Team 12, Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Université Côte d'Azur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Nice, France
- Department of Dermatology, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, Nice, France
| | - Marcel Deckert
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Team 11, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Sophie Tartare-Deckert
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Team 11, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Virginie Prod'homme
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine (C3M), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Team 11, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tolerogenic IDO1 +CD83 - Langerhans Cells in Sentinel Lymph Nodes of Patients with Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073441. [PMID: 35408802 PMCID: PMC8998685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are crucial regulators of anti-cancer immune responses. Cancer, however, can alter DCs functions leading to tolerance. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) plays a crucial role in this process. In sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) of patients with melanoma, LCs show phenotypical and functional alterations favoring tolerance. Herein we aimed to investigate IDO1 expression in SLN LCs from patients with melanoma. We showed by immunofluorescence analysis that a portion of Langerin+ LCs, located in the SLN T cell-rich area, displayed the typical dendritic morphology and expressed IDO1. There was no significant difference in the expression of IDO between SLN with or without metastases. Double IDO1/CD83 staining identified four LCs subsets: real mature IDO1−CD83+ LCs; real immature IDO1−CD83− LCs; tolerogenic mature IDO1+CD83+ LCs; tolerogenic immature IDO1+CD83− LCs. The latter subset was significantly increased in metastatic SLNs as compared to negative ones (p < 0.05), and in SLN LCs of patients with mitotic rate (MR) > 1 in primary melanoma, as compared to MR ≤ 1 (p < 0.05). Finally, immature SLN LCs, after in vitro stimulation by inflammatory cytokines, acquired a maturation profile by CD83 up-regulation. These results provide new input for immunotherapeutic approaches targeting in vivo LC of patients with melanoma.
Collapse
|
27
|
Li T, Liu T, Zhao Z, Xu X, Zhan S, Zhou S, Jiang N, Zhu W, Sun R, Wei F, Feng B, Guo H, Yang R. The Lymph Node Microenvironment May Invigorate Cancer Cells With Enhanced Metastatic Capacities. Front Oncol 2022; 12:816506. [PMID: 35295999 PMCID: PMC8918682 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.816506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, a typical malignant biological behavior involving the distant migration of tumor cells from the primary site to other organs, contributed majorly to cancer-related deaths of patients. Although constant efforts have been paid by researchers to elucidate the mechanisms of cancer metastasis, we are still far away from the definite answer. Recently, emerging evidence demonstrated that cancer metastasis is a continuous coevolutionary process mediated by the interactions between tumor cells and the host organ microenvironment, and epigenetic reprogramming of metastatic cancer cells may confer them with stronger metastatic capacities. The lymph node served as the first metastatic niche for many types of cancer, and the appearance of lymph node metastasis predicted poor prognosis. Importantly, multiple immune cells and stromal cells station and linger in the lymph nodes, which constitutes the complexity of the lymph node microenvironment. The active cross talk between cancer cells and immune cells could happen unceasingly within the metastatic environment of lymph nodes. Of note, diverse immune cells have been found to participate in the formation of malignant properties of tumor, including stemness and immune escape. Based on these available evidence and data, we hypothesize that the metastatic microenvironment of lymph nodes could drive cancer cells to metastasize to further organs through epigenetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyan Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoubin Zhan
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengkai Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fayun Wei
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baofu Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Makris S, de Winde CM, Horsnell HL, Cantoral-Rebordinos JA, Finlay RE, Acton SE. Immune function and dysfunction are determined by lymphoid tissue efficacy. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049256. [PMID: 35072206 PMCID: PMC8807573 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid tissue returns to a steady state once each immune response is resolved, and although this occurs multiple times throughout life, its structural integrity and functionality remain unaffected. Stromal cells orchestrate cellular interactions within lymphoid tissue, and any changes to the microenvironment can have detrimental outcomes and drive disease. A breakdown in lymphoid tissue homeostasis can lead to a loss of tissue structure and function that can cause aberrant immune responses. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of lymphoid tissue function and remodelling in adaptive immunity and in disease states. We discuss the functional role of lymphoid tissue in disease progression and explore the changes to lymphoid tissue structure and function driven by infection, chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer. Understanding the role of lymphoid tissues in immune responses to a wide range of pathologies allows us to take a fuller systemic view of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Makris
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte M. de Winde
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harry L. Horsnell
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jesús A. Cantoral-Rebordinos
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rachel E. Finlay
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ji P, Yang Z, Li H, Wei M, Yang G, Xing H, Li Q. Smart exosomes with lymph node homing and immune-amplifying capacities for enhanced immunotherapy of metastatic breast cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:987-996. [PMID: 34760340 PMCID: PMC8560825 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are the primary sites to initiate immune responses against cancer, as well as the origin of metastasis for most breast cancer cases. Reverting the immunosuppression microenvironment in TDLNs is critical to improving the outcome of the malignancy, though still a big technical challenge. In this study, a type of smart exosomes was developed in which the exosome surface was functionally engineered with CD62L (L-selectin, a gene for lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes) and OX40L (CD134L, a gene for effector T cell expansion and regulatory T cell [Treg] inhibition) by forced expression of the genes in the donor cells. Compared with control exosomes, the smart exosomes displayed strong TDLN homing capacity in the 4T1 syngeneic mouse model. Moreover, injection of the smart exosomes activated effector T cells and inhibited Treg induction, thereby amplifying the antitumor immune response and inhibiting tumor development. Together, the engineered smart exosomes provide a novel nanoplatform for TDLN-targeted delivery and cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Ji
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hua Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Mengying Wei
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changlexi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changlexi Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Helin Xing
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, NO. 4 Tiantanxi Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiuyun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhu XQ, Lu P, Xu ZL, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Wang ZB, Wu F. Alterations in Immune Response Profile of Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes after High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Breast Cancer Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123346. [PMID: 34943854 PMCID: PMC8699337 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation can trigger an antitumor immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate immune response in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) after HIFU treatment. Forty-eight female patients with biopsy-confirmed breast cancer were divided into a control group and an HIFU group. In the control group, 25 patients underwent modified radical mastectomy, but 23 patients in the HIFU group received HIFU ablation of primary cancer, followed by the same operation. Using HE and immunohistochemical staining, the immunologic reactivity pattern and immune cell profile were assessed in paraffin-embedded axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in all patients. The results showed that ALNs presented more evident immune reactions in the HIFU group than in the control group (100% vs. 64%). Among the ALNs, 78.3% had mixed cellular and humoral immune response, whereas 36% in the control group showed cellular immune response. The numbers of CD3+, CD4+, NK cell, and activated CTLs with Fas ligand+, granzyme+ and perforin+ expression were significantly higher in the ALNs in the HIFU group. It was concluded that HIFU could stimulate potent immune response and significantly increase T cell, activated CTLs and NK cell populations in the TDLNs of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Ultrasonic Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.-Q.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.-L.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.-B.W.)
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Pei Lu
- Institute of Ultrasonic Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.-Q.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.-L.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.-B.W.)
- Department of Oncology, Nanyang First People’s Hospital, Nanyang 473004, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Xu
- Institute of Ultrasonic Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.-Q.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.-L.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.-B.W.)
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Institute of Ultrasonic Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.-Q.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.-L.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.-B.W.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Ultrasonic Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.-Q.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.-L.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.-B.W.)
| | - Zhi-Biao Wang
- Institute of Ultrasonic Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.-Q.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.-L.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.-B.W.)
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute of Ultrasonic Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.-Q.Z.); (P.L.); (Z.-L.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.-B.W.)
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Waiving Subsequent Complete Lymph Node Dissection in Melanoma Patients with Positive Sentinel Lymph Node Does Not Result in Worse Outcome on 20-Year Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215425. [PMID: 34771588 PMCID: PMC8582468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of the present study was to investigate long-term outcomes of melanoma patients who had micrometastasis on sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. We focused on the comparison between melanoma patients with and without complete lymph node dissection (CLND) following a positive SLN biopsy result. Patients without CLND did not significantly differ from patients with CLND in regard to age, gender, tumor thickness, tumor ulceration, capsule infiltration of SLN, and invasion level of SLN. On 10-year analysis, we did not observe a significantly increased risk for melanoma relapse or melanoma-specific death in patients who did not undergo CLND after the detection of micrometastases on SLN biopsy. On 20-year analysis, again, the patients without CLND had no significantly increased risk of melanoma relapse and worse melanoma-specific survival. Hence, our 10-year survival data confirm the current notion that waiving CLND in SLN-positive patients does not result in clinical disadvantages with respect to melanoma-specific survival. For the first time, we demonstrate on 20-year survival analysis that relapse rates and melanoma-specific survival does not significantly differ between patients with or without CLND on long-term follow-up. Abstract Complete lymph node dissection (CLND) following positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been the standard of care for decades. We aimed to study melanoma patients with an emphasis on the outcome of patients with versus without CLND following positive SLN biopsy. SLN-positive patients with or without CLND were compared regarding important prognostic clinical and histological characteristics. Ten-year and 20-year survival curves for melanoma relapse and melanoma-specific survival (MSS) were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional-hazards regression. We studied 258 patients who had micrometastases in their SLN biopsy. CLND was performed in 209 of 258 patients (81%). Hence, in 49 of 258 patients (19%) with SLN micrometastases, CLND was not performed. These patients did not significantly (p > 0.05) differ from patients with CLND in regard to age, gender, tumor thickness, tumor ulceration, capsule infiltration of SLN, or invasion level of SLN. On 10-year analysis, we did not observe a significantly increased risk for melanoma relapse and worse in MSS in patients who did not undergo CLND (hazard ratio: 1.1 (95% CI 0.67 to 1.7) and 1.1 (95% CI 0.67 to 1.9), respectively). On 20-year survival analysis, we confirmed that the risk of melanoma relapse and impaired MSS does not significantly increase in patients without CLND (hazard ratio: 1.2 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.9) and 1.3 (95% CI 0.8 to 2.3), respectively). On 10-year as well as 20-year multivariable follow-up analysis (including several important prognostic factors), Cox proportional-hazards regression showed that the status of CLND did not remain in the regression model (p > 0.1). Our 10-year data give conclusive support to previous investigations indicating that waiving CLND in patients with SLN micrometastases does not affect MSS. More importantly, our long-term follow-up data confirm for the first time the 10-year survival data of previous investigations.
Collapse
|
32
|
Heeren AM, Rotman J, Samuels S, Zijlmans HJMAA, Fons G, van de Vijver KK, Bleeker MCG, Kenter GG, Jordanova EJ, de Gruijl TD. Immune landscape in vulvar cancer-draining lymph nodes indicates distinct immune escape mechanisms in support of metastatic spread and growth. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003623. [PMID: 34697217 PMCID: PMC8547515 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic immune intervention is highly dependent on the T-cell priming and boosting capacity of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN). In vulvar cancer, in-depth studies on the immune status of (pre)metastatic TDLN is lacking. Methods We have phenotyped and enumerated various T-cell and myeloid subsets in tumor-free (LN−, n=27) and metastatic TDLN (LN+, n=11) using flow cytometry. Additionally, we studied chemokine and cytokine release profiles and assessed expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in relation to plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) or myeloid subsets. Results Metastatic involvement of TDLN was accompanied by an inflamed microenvironment with immune suppressive features, marked by hampered activation of migratory DC, increased cytokine/chemokine release, and closely correlated elevations of pDC and LN-resident conventional DC (LNR-cDC) activation state and frequencies, as well as of terminal CD8+ effector-memory T-cell (TemRA) differentiation, regulatory T-cell (Treg) rates, T-cell activation, and expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoints. In addition, high indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and increased frequencies of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSC) were observed. Correlation analyses with primary and metastatic tumor burden suggested respective roles for Tregs and suppression of inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS)+ T helper cells in early metastatic niche formation and for CD14+ LNR-cDC and terminal T-cell differentiation in later stages of metastatic growth. Conclusions Metastatic spread in vulvar TDLN is marked by an inflamed microenvironment with activated effector T cells, which are likely kept in check by an interplay of suppressive feedback mechanisms. Our data support (neoadjuvant) TDLN-targeted therapeutic interventions based on CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade, to reinvigorate memory T cells and curb early metastatic spread and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marijne Heeren
- Cancer Center Amsterdam - Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jossie Rotman
- Cancer Center Amsterdam - Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Gynecologic Oncology (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Samuels
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), AVL NKI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guus Fons
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maaike C G Bleeker
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma G Kenter
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), AVL NKI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Gynecologic Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina J Jordanova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC - Locatie VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Cancer Center Amsterdam - Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fujimoto N, Dieterich LC. Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of Tumor Lymphatic Invasion. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102585. [PMID: 34685565 PMCID: PMC8533989 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated lymphatic vessels play an important role in tumor progression, mediating lymphatic dissemination of malignant cells to tumor-draining lymph nodes and regulating tumor immunity. An early, necessary step in the lymphatic metastasis cascade is the invasion of lymphatic vessels by tumor cell clusters or single tumor cells. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, which include tumor-specific as well as normal, developmental and immunological processes “hijacked” by tumor cells to gain access to the lymphatic system. Furthermore, we summarize the prognostic value of lymphatic invasion, discuss its relationship with local recurrence, lymph node and distant metastasis, and highlight potential therapeutic options and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriki Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan;
| | - Lothar C. Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fransen MF, van Hall T, Ossendorp F. Immune Checkpoint Therapy: Tumor Draining Lymph Nodes in the Spotlights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9401. [PMID: 34502307 PMCID: PMC8431673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes play a paradoxical role in cancer. Surgeons often resect these sentinel lymph nodes to determine metastatic spread, thereby enabling prognosis and treatment. However, lymph nodes are vital organs for the orchestration of immune responses, due to the close encounters of dedicated immune cells. In view of the success of immunotherapy, the removal of tumor-draining lymph nodes needs to be re-evaluated and viewed in a different light. Recently, an important role for tumor-draining lymph nodes has been proposed in the immunotherapy of cancer. This new insight can change the use of immune checkpoint therapy, particularly with respect to the use in neoadjuvant settings in which lymph nodes are still operational.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke F. Fransen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a key tool in the care of many patients with melanoma. The indications for the procedure have gradually become clearer over the 3 decades since the technique was developed. For appropriately selected patients, it carries enormous significance. Although it is a minimally invasive procedure, it does carry some risk. It is also a multidisciplinary procedure, requiring knowledge and experience from several specialties including nuclear medicine, surgery, and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Crystal
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark B Faries
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 11800 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tumor Immune Microenvironment Characterization of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lymph Node Metastases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5557649. [PMID: 34337026 PMCID: PMC8292094 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5557649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The essential roles of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been recognized during the initiation and progression of primary lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The aim of the present study was to delineate the immune landscape in both primary cancer and matched lymph node metastasis from a cohort of locally advanced stage LUAD patients with distinct outcomes. Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples were collected from 36 locally advanced LUAD patients. Transcriptome data of the tumor immune microenvironment were resolved using an immune oncology panel RNA sequencing platform. Bioinformatics approaches were used to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), dysregulated pathways, and immune cell fraction between patients with early recurrence (ER) and late recurrence (LR). Results Here, we showed that in primary cancer tissues, 23 DEGs were obtained between patients with ER and LR. Functional analysis revealed that the LR in LUAD patients may be associated with enriched gene sets belonging to the antigen presentation and MHC protein complex, innate immune response, and IFN-γ signaling pathways. Next, the transcriptome data were adopted to quantify immune cell fractions, indicating that high infiltration of mast cells and neutrophils was correlated with ER. Interestingly, similar findings were observed in metastatic lymph nodes from patients suffering from ER or LR. By analyzing the shared immune features of primary cancers and lymphatic metastases, we unraveled the prognostic value and joint utility of two DEGs, CORO1A and S100A8. Conclusions In LUAD, the enrichment in antigen presentation, MHC protein complex, and IFN-γ signaling, and low infiltration of neutrophils in primary or metastatic nodules may be indications for a favorable prognosis. Integrated with bioinformatics approaches, transcriptome data of immune-related genes from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples can effectively profile the landscape of the tumor immune microenvironment and help predict clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
37
|
Gillot L, Baudin L, Rouaud L, Kridelka F, Noël A. The pre-metastatic niche in lymph nodes: formation and characteristics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5987-6002. [PMID: 34241649 PMCID: PMC8316194 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is a crucial prognostic parameter in many different types of cancers and a gateway for further dissemination to distant organs. Prior to metastatic dissemination, the primary tumor prepares for the remodeling of the draining (sentinel) lymph node by secreting soluble factors or releasing extracellular vesicles that are transported by lymphatic vessels. These important changes occur before the appearance of the first metastatic cell and create what is known as a pre-metastatic niche giving rise to the subsequent survival and growth of metastatic cells. In this review, the lymph node structure, matrix composition and the emerging heterogeneity of cells forming it are described. Current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular processes associated with nodal pre-metastatic niche formation, including lymphangiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immunosuppressive cell enlisting in lymph nodes are additionally summarized. Finally, future directions that research could possibly take and the clinical impact are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Gillot
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Louis Baudin
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Loïc Rouaud
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Kridelka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noël
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li M, Xian HC, Tang YJ, Liang XH, Tang YL. Fatty acid oxidation: driver of lymph node metastasis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:339. [PMID: 34217300 PMCID: PMC8254237 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the emerging hallmark of cancer metabolism because certain tumor cells preferentially utilize fatty acids for energy. Lymph node metastasis, the most common way of tumor metastasis, is much indispensable for grasping tumor progression, formulating therapy measure and evaluating tumor prognosis. There is a plethora of studies showing different ways how tumor cells metastasize to the lymph nodes, but the role of FAO in lymph node metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we summarize recent findings and update the current understanding that FAO may enable lymph node metastasis formation. Afterward, it will open innovative possibilities to present a distinct therapy of targeting FAO, the metabolic rewiring of cancer to terminal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Chun Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sesquiterpene Lactone Deoxyelephantopin Isolated from Elephantopus scaber and Its Derivative DETD-35 Suppress BRAF V600E Mutant Melanoma Lung Metastasis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063226. [PMID: 33810045 PMCID: PMC8004649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly metastatic disease with an increasing rate of incidence worldwide. It is treatment refractory and has poor clinical prognosis; therefore, the development of new therapeutic agents for metastatic melanoma are urgently required. In this study, we created a lung-seeking A375LM5IF4g/Luc BRAFV600E mutant melanoma cell clone and investigated the bioefficacy of a plant sesquiterpene lactone deoxyelephantopin (DET) and its novel semi-synthetic derivative, DETD-35, in suppressing metastatic A375LM5IF4g/Luc melanoma growth in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. DET and DETD-35 treatment inhibited A375LM5IF4g/Luc cell proliferation, and induced G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, A375LM5IF4g/Luc exhibited clonogenic, metastatic and invasive abilities, and several A375LM5IF4g/Luc metastasis markers, N-cadherin, MMP2, vimentin and integrin α4 were significantly suppressed by treatment with either compound. Interestingly, DET- and DETD-35-induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation and glutathione (GSH) depletion were found to be upstream events important for the in vitro activities, because exogenous GSH supplementation blunted DET and DETD-35 effects on A375LM5IF4g/Luc cells. DET and DETD-35 also induced mitochondrial DNA mutation, superoxide production, mitochondrial bioenergetics dysfunction, and mitochondrial protein deregulation. Most importantly, DET and DETD-35 inhibited lung metastasis of A375LM5IF4g/Luc in NOD/SCID mice through inhibiting pulmonary vascular permeability and melanoma cell (Mel-A+) proliferation, angiogenesis (VEGF+, CD31+) and EMT (N-cadherin) in the tumor microenvironment in the lungs. These findings indicate that DET and DETD-35 may be useful in the intervention of lung metastatic BRAFV600E mutant melanoma.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wu SL, Zhang X, Chang M, Huang C, Qian J, Li Q, Yuan F, Sun L, Yu X, Cui X, Jiang J, Cui M, Liu Y, Wu HW, Liang ZY, Wang X, Niu Y, Tong WM, Jin F. Genome-wide 5-hydroxymethylcytosine Profiling Analysis Identifies MAP7D1 as A Novel Regulator of Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:64-79. [PMID: 33716151 PMCID: PMC8498923 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is recognized as an important epigenetic mark in cancer, its precise role in lymph node metastasis remains elusive. In this study, we investigated how 5hmC associates with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Accompanying with high expression of TET1 and TET2 proteins, large numbers of genes in the metastasis-positive primary tumors exhibit higher 5hmC levels than those in the metastasis-negative primary tumors. In contrast, the TET protein expression and DNA 5hmC decrease significantly within the metastatic lesions in the lymph nodes compared to those in their matched primary tumors. Through genome-wide analysis of 8 sets of primary tumors, we identified 100 high-confidence metastasis-associated 5hmC signatures, and it is found that increased levels of DNA 5hmC and gene expression of MAP7D1 associate with high risk of lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MAP7D1, regulated by TET1, promotes tumor growth and metastasis. In conclusion, the dynamic 5hmC profiles during lymph node metastasis suggest a link between DNA 5hmC and lymph node metastasis. Meanwhile, the role of MAP7D1 in breast cancer progression suggests that the metastasis-associated 5hmC signatures are potential biomarkers to predict the risk for lymph node metastasis, which may serve as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for metastatic breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Ling Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Center for Bioinformatics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mengqi Chang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Changcai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Center for Bioinformatics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Center for Bioinformatics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lihong Sun
- Center for Experimental Animal Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College. Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xinmiao Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xinmiao Cui
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Jiayi Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Mengyao Cui
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Huan-Wen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Center for Bioinformatics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yamei Niu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Wei-Min Tong
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Molecular Pathology Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; Center for Experimental Animal Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College. Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Klusa D, Lohaus F, Furesi G, Rauner M, Benešová M, Krause M, Kurth I, Peitzsch C. Metastatic Spread in Prostate Cancer Patients Influencing Radiotherapy Response. Front Oncol 2021; 10:627379. [PMID: 33747899 PMCID: PMC7971112 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.627379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and surgery are curative treatment options for localized prostate cancer (PCa) with a 5-year survival rate of nearly 100%. Once PCa cells spread into distant organs, such as bone, the overall survival rate of patients drops dramatically. The metastatic cascade and organotropism of PCa cells are regulated by different cellular subtypes, organ microenvironment, and their interactions. This cross-talk leads to pre-metastatic niche formation that releases chemo-attractive factors enforcing the formation of distant metastasis. Biological characteristics of PCa metastasis impacting on metastatic sites, burden, and latency is of clinical relevance. Therefore, the implementation of modern hybrid imaging technologies into clinical routine increased the sensitivity to detect metastases at earlier stages. This enlarged the number of PCa patients diagnosed with a limited number of metastases, summarized as oligometastatic disease. These patients can be treated with androgen deprivation in combination with local-ablative radiotherapy or radiopharmaceuticals directed to metastatic sites. Unfortunately, the number of patients with disease recurrence is high due to the enormous heterogeneity within the oligometastatic patient population and the lack of available biomarkers with predictive potential for metastasis-directed radiotherapy. Another, so far unmet clinical need is the diagnosis of minimal residual disease before onset of clinical manifestation and/or early relapse after initial therapy. Here, monitoring of circulating and disseminating tumor cells in PCa patients during the course of radiotherapy may give us novel insight into how metastatic spread is influenced by radiotherapy and vice versa. In summary, this review critically compares current clinical concepts for metastatic PCa patients and discuss the implementation of recent preclinical findings improving our understanding of metastatic dissemination and radiotherapy resistance into standard of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Klusa
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohaus
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giulia Furesi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden,Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden,Germany
| | | | - Mechthild Krause
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ina Kurth
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
van Pul KM, Fransen MF, van de Ven R, de Gruijl TD. Immunotherapy Goes Local: The Central Role of Lymph Nodes in Driving Tumor Infiltration and Efficacy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:643291. [PMID: 33732264 PMCID: PMC7956978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.643291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has changed the therapeutic landscape of oncology but its impact is limited by primary or secondary resistance. ICB resistance has been related to a lack of T cells infiltrating into the tumor. Strategies to overcome this hurdle have so far focused on the tumor microenvironment, but have mostly overlooked the role of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN). Whereas for CTLA-4 blockade TDLN have long since been implicated due to its perceived mechanism-of-action involving T cell priming, only recently has evidence been emerging showing TDLN to be vital for the efficacy of PD-1 blockade as well. TDLN are targeted by developing tumors to create an immune suppressed pre-metastatic niche which can lead to priming of dysfunctional antitumor T cells. In this review, we will discuss the evidence that therapeutic targeting of TDLN may ensure sufficient antitumor T cell activation and subsequent tumor infiltration to facilitate effective ICB. Indeed, waves of tumor-specific, proliferating stem cell-like, or progenitor exhausted T cells, either newly primed or reinvigorated in TDLN, are vital for PD-1 blockade efficacy. Both tumor-derived migratory dendritic cell (DC) subsets and DC subsets residing in TDLN, and an interplay between them, have been implicated in the induction of these T cells, their imprinting for homing and subsequent tumor control. We propose that therapeutic approaches, involving local delivery of immune modulatory agents for optimal access to TDLN, aimed at overcoming hampered DC activation, will enable ICB by promoting T cell recruitment to the tumor, both in early and in advanced stages of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim M. van Pul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke F. Fransen
- Deparment of Pulmonary Diseases Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
EZH1/2 Inhibitors Favor ILC3 Development from Human HSPC-CD34 + Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020319. [PMID: 33467134 PMCID: PMC7830003 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It has been well-demonstrated that EZH1/2 enzymes are involved not only in tumor development and progression, but also in the regulation of normal hematopoiesis from CD34+-HSPC. Given the crucial role of NK cells in tumor immune surveillance, in this study, we investigated whether EZH1/2 inhibitors can interfere with NK cell differentiation and functional maturation. Our results suggest that EZH1/2 inhibitors push CD56+ precursor proliferation, skewing precursor cell lineage commitment towards ILC3. In recent years, several clinical trials on the use of EZH1/2 inhibitors against solid tumors have been carried out. Since these in vitro observations revealed possible epigenetic mechanisms involved in NK/ILC development, it is important to evaluate patient monitoring of competent NK cells repertoire in order to design appropriate therapeutic protocols. Abstract The dysregulation of epigenetic modifications has a well-established role in the development and progression of hematological malignancies and of solid tumors. In this context, EZH1/2 inhibitors have been designed to interfere with EZH1/2 enzymes involved in histone methylation (e.g., H3K27me3), leading to tumor growth arrest or the restoration of tumor suppressor gene transcription. However, these compounds also affect normal hematopoiesis, interfering with self-renewal and differentiation of CD34+-Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (HSPC), and, in turn, could modulate the generation of potential anti-tumor effector lymphocytes. Given the important role of NK cells in the immune surveillance of tumors, it would be useful to understand whether epigenetic drugs can modulate NK cell differentiation and functional maturation. CD34+-HSPC were cultured in the absence or in the presence of the EZH1/2 inhibitor UNC1999 and EZH2 inhibitor GSK126. Our results show that UNC1999 and GSK126 increased CD56+ cell proliferation compared to the control condition. However, UNC1999 and GSK 126 favored the proliferation of no-cytotoxic CD56+ILC3, according to the early expression of the AHR and ROR-γt transcription factors. Our results describe novel epigenetic mechanisms involved in the modulation of NK cell maturation that may provide new tools for designing NK cell-based immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
44
|
Farrow NE, Holl EK, Jung J, Gao J, Jung SH, Al-Rohil RN, Selim MA, Mosca PJ, Ollila DW, Antonia SJ, Tyler DS, Nair SK, Beasley GM. Characterization of Sentinel Lymph Node Immune Signatures and Implications for Risk Stratification for Adjuvant Therapy in Melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:3501-3510. [PMID: 33205334 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a standard procedure used to identify patients at risk for melanoma recurrence, it fails to risk-stratify certain patients accurately. Because processes in SLNs regulate anti-tumor immune responses, the authors hypothesized that SLN gene expression may be used for risk stratification. METHODS The Nanostring nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel was used to quantify expression of 730 immune-related genes in 60 SLN specimens (31 positive [pSLNs], 29 negative [nSLNs]) from a retrospective melanoma cohort. A multivariate prediction model for recurrence-free survival (RFS) was created by applying stepwise variable selection to Cox regression models. Risk scores calculated on the basis of the model were used to stratify patients into low- and high-risk groups. The predictive power of the model was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 6.3 years, 20 patients (33.3%) experienced recurrence (pSLN, 45.2% [14/31] vs nSLN, 20.7% [6/29]; p = 0.0445). A fitted Cox regression model incorporating 12 genes accurately predicted RFS (C-index, 0.9919). Improved RFS was associated with increased expression of TIGIT (p = 0.0326), an immune checkpoint, and decreased expression of CXCL16 (p = 0.0273), a cytokine important in promoting dendritic and T cell interactions. Independent of SLN status, the model in this study was able to stratify patients into cohorts at high and low risk for recurrence (p < 0.001, log-rank). CONCLUSIONS Expression profiles of the SLN gene are associated with melanoma recurrence and may be able to identify patients as high or low risk regardless of SLN status, potentially enhancing patient selection for adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma E Farrow
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eda K Holl
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Junheng Gao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sin-Ho Jung
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Maria A Selim
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paul J Mosca
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David W Ollila
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott J Antonia
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Medical Branch Department of Surgery, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Douglas S Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, TX, USA
| | - Smita K Nair
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, TX, USA
| | - Georgia M Beasley
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ding X, Zhao T, Lee CC, Yan C, Du H. Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency Controls T- and B-Regulatory Cell Homeostasis in the Lymph Nodes of Mice with Human Cancer Xenotransplants. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:353-367. [PMID: 33159889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of proper preclinical models accelerates development of immunotherapeutics and the study of the interplay between human malignant cells and immune cells. Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is a critical lipid hydrolase that generates free fatty acids and cholesterol. Ablation of LAL suppresses immune rejection and allows growth of human lung cancer cells in lal-/- mice. In the lal-/- lymph nodes, the percentages of both T- and B-regulatory cells (Tregs and Bregs, respectively) are increased, with elevated expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and IL-10, and decreased expression of interferon-γ. Levels of enzymes in the glucose and glutamine metabolic pathways are elevated in Tregs and Bregs of the lal-/- lymph nodes. Pharmacologic inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase, which controls the transition from glycolysis to the citric acid cycle, effectively reduces Treg and Breg elevation in the lal-/- lymph nodes. Blocking the mammalian target of rapamycin or reactivating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, an LAL downstream effector, reduces lal-/- Treg and Breg elevation and PD-L1 expression in lal-/- Tregs and Bregs, and improves human cancer cell rejection. Treatment with PD-L1 antibody also reduces Treg and Breg elevation in the lal-/- lymph nodes and improves human cancer cell rejection. These observations conclude that LAL-regulated lipid metabolism is essential to maintain antitumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Ding
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chih-Chun Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis IM, Chatzipantelis P, Kouroupi M, Balaska K, Koukourakis MI. Rectal cancer induces a regulatory lymphocytic phenotype in the tumor-draining lymph nodes to promote cancer cell installation. Immunol Res 2020; 68:363-372. [PMID: 33150567 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are critical organs, where activation of B cells and T cells is orchestrated. Effector or regulatory anti-tumor immune responses are reflected by the composition of the lymphocytic and monocytic cell population of the node. Aside from the migratory cancer cell abilities, immune cell phenotypic changes in the TDLNs may define nodal invasion by cancer. We assessed the qualitative and quantitative differences between lymphocytic phenotypes in regional TDLNs, in 20 node-negative and 20 node-positive patients (involved and uninvolved nodes) with rectal adenocarcinomas. Benign reactive nodes were also analyzed. CD8+ cells, the main source of cytotoxic T cells, were increased in all TDLNs and, even stronger, in the involved nodes. The percentage of CD4+ cells were significantly increased in negative and uninvolved nodes, while the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly lower in involved TDLNs. CD25+ and FOXP3+ regulatory lymphocytes, however, prevailed in involved nodes, while uninvolved and negative nodes had a low presence of these regulatory cells. CD20+ B cells were also more abundant in involved nodes. PD-1+ lymphocytes were localized in the germinal centers. A significantly lower percentage of PD-1+ lymphocytes were noted in involved nodes. The development of a regulatory lymphocytic phenotype in the TDLNs appears as an important mechanism that allows cancer cell installation into the nodal environment. As negative/uninvolved TDLNs had a less severe immunosuppression, it is postulated that secreted molecules by cancer cells gradually attenuate the anti-tumor defenses of the TDLNs allowing the subsequent intra-nodal growth of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Giatromanolaki
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Ioannis M Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy / Oncology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Paschalis Chatzipantelis
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Kouroupi
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantina Balaska
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michael I Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy / Oncology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Han BJ, Murphy JD, Qin S, Ye J, Uccello TP, Garrett-Larsen J, Belt BA, Prieto PA, Egilmez NK, Lord EM, Linehan DC, Mills BN, Gerber SA. Microspheres Encapsulating Immunotherapy Agents Target the Tumor-Draining Lymph Node in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Immunol Invest 2020; 49:808-823. [PMID: 32498585 PMCID: PMC7904097 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1765795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) plays a role in tumor immunity. Intratumorally administered microspheres (MS) that encapsulate immunomodulatory agents have emerged as a treatment strategy capable of causing profound changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and eliciting potent antitumor effects. We hypothesized that local delivery of MS to the TME may also drain to and therefore target the TDLN to initiate antitumor immune responses. METHODS Fluorescent MS were injected into orthotopically implanted murine pancreatic tumors, and tissues were examined by whole-mount microscopy and imaging flow cytometry. The role of the TDLN was investigated for mice treated with intratumoral interleukin-12 (IL-12)-encapsulated MS in combination with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) by cytokine profile and TDLN ablation. RESULTS Fluorescent AF-594 MS delivered intratumorally were detected in the tumor, peritumoral lymphatics, and the TDLN 2 h after injection. Phagocytic cells were observed with internalized fluorescent MS. SBRT + IL-12 MS-induced upregulation of Th1 and antitumor factors IL-12, IFN-γ, CXCL10, and granzyme B in the TDLN, and excision of the TDLN partially abrogated treatment efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that intratumorally administered MS not only target the TME, but also drain to the TDLN. Furthermore, MS encapsulated with a potent antitumor cytokine, IL-12, induce an antitumor cytokine profile in the TDLN, which is essential for treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Booyeon J. Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D. Murphy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shuyang Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Taylor P. Uccello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jesse Garrett-Larsen
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brian A. Belt
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peter A. Prieto
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nejat K. Egilmez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Edith M. Lord
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David C. Linehan
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Bradley N. Mills
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Krantz D, Mints M, Winerdal M, Riklund K, Rutishauser D, Zubarev R, Zirakhzadeh AA, Alamdari F, Johansson M, Sherif A, Winqvist O. IL-16 processing in sentinel node regulatory T cells is a factor in bladder cancer immunity. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12926. [PMID: 32862475 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the effort of developing new immunotherapies, the sentinel node (SN) has proven a promising source from which to harness an effective antitumour T cell response. However, tumour immune escape, a process in which regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a central role, remains a major limiting factor. Therefore, there is a clear need to increase the knowledge of Treg function and signalling in sentinel nodes. Here, we set out to explore whether the proteome in SN-resident T cells is altered by the tumour and to identify key proteins in SN T cell signalling, focusing on Tregs. Five patients with muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer were prospectively included. Mass spectrometry was performed on two patients, with validation and functional studies being performed on three additional patients and four healthy donors. At cystectomy, SN, non-SN lymph nodes and peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients and T cell subsets isolated through flow cytometry before downstream experiments. Proteomic analysis indicated that growth and immune signalling pathways are upregulated in SN-resident Tregs. Furthermore, centrality analysis identified the cytokine IL-16 to be central in the SN-Treg signalling network. We show that tumour-released factors, through activating caspase-3, increase Treg IL-16 processing into bioactive forms, reinforcing Treg suppressive capacity. In conclusion, we provide evidence that Tregs exposed to secreted factors from bladder tumours show increased immune and growth signalling and altered IL-16 processing which translates to enhanced Treg suppressive function, indicating altered IL-16 signalling as a novel tumour immune escape mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Krantz
- Department of Haematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Mints
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Malin Winerdal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dorothea Rutishauser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman Zubarev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amir Ali Zirakhzadeh
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Markus Johansson
- Department of Surgery and Urology, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Amir Sherif
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ola Winqvist
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Han P, Cao P, Hu S, Kong K, Deng Y, Zhao B, Li F. Esophageal Microenvironment: From Precursor Microenvironment to Premetastatic Niche. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5857-5879. [PMID: 32765088 PMCID: PMC7371556 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s258215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth most deadly cancer, and its incidence is still increasing year by year. Although the researches on the molecular mechanisms of EC have been widely carried out and incremental progress has been made, its overall survival rate is still low. There is cumulative evidence showing that the esophageal microenvironment plays a vital role in the development of EC. In precancerous lesions of the esophagus, high-risk environmental factors can promote the development of precancerous lesions by inducing the production of inflammatory factors and the recruitment of immune cells. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-promoting cells can inhibit anti-tumor immunity and promote tumor progression through a variety of pathways, such as bone marrow-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The formation of extracellular hypoxia and acidic microenvironment and the change of extracellular matrix stiffness are also important factors affecting tumor progression and metastasis. Simultaneously, primary tumor-derived cytokines and bone marrow-derived immune cells can also promote the formation of pre-metastasis niche of EC lymph nodes, which are beneficial to EC lymph node metastasis. Further research on the specific mechanism of these processes in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of each EC subtype will support us to grasp the overall pre-cancerous prevention, targeted treatment, and metastatic assessment of EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangle Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nishimoto Y, Nishio M, Nagashima S, Nakajima K, Ohira T, Nakai S, Nakase I, Higashikawa K, Kuge Y, Matsumoto A, Ogawa M, Kojima C. Association of Hydrophobic Carboxyl-Terminal Dendrimers with Lymph Node-Resident Lymphocytes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1474. [PMID: 32630042 PMCID: PMC7408625 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery systems to lymph node-resident T cells around tumor tissues are essential for cancer immunotherapy, in order to boost the immune responses. We previously reported that anionic dendrimers, such as carboxyl-, sulfonyl-, and phosphate-terminal dendrimers, were efficiently accumulated in lymph nodes via the intradermal injection. Depending on the terminal structure, their cell association properties were different, and the carboxyl-terminal dendrimers did not associate with any immune cells majorly. In this study, we investigated the delivery of carboxyl-terminal dendrimers with different hydrophobicity to lymph node-resident lymphocytes. Four types of carboxyl-terminal dendrimers-succinylated (C) and 2-carboxy-cyclohexanoylated (Chex) dendrimers with and without phenylalanine (Phe)-were synthesized and named C-den, C-Phe-den, Chex-den, and Chex-Phe-den, respectively. Chex-Phe-den was well associated with lymphocytes, but others were not. Chex-Phe-den, intradermally injected at the footpads of mice, was accumulated in the lymph node, and was highly associated with the lymphocytes, including T cells. Our results suggest that Chex-Phe-den has the potential for delivery to the lymph node-resident T cells, without any specific T cell-targeted ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nishimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.N.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Misaki Nishio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.N.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Shu Nagashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.N.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Kohei Nakajima
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; (K.N.); (T.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Takayuki Ohira
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; (K.N.); (T.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Shinya Nakai
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan; (S.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan; (S.N.); (I.N.)
| | - Kei Higashikawa
- Central Institutes of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Central Institutes of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.K.)
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.N.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan; (K.N.); (T.O.); (M.O.)
| | - Chie Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.N.); (S.N.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|