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Li X, Turaga D, Li RG, Tsai CR, Quinn JN, Zhao Y, Wilson R, Carlson K, Wang J, Spinner JA, Hickey EJ, Adachi I, Martin JF. The Macrophage Landscape Across the Lifespan of a Human Cardiac Allograft. Circulation 2024; 149:1650-1666. [PMID: 38344825 PMCID: PMC11105989 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much of our knowledge of organ rejection after transplantation is derived from rodent models. METHODS We used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to investigate the inflammatory myocardial microenvironment in human pediatric cardiac allografts at different stages after transplantation. We distinguished donor- from recipient-derived cells using naturally occurring genetic variants embedded in single-nucleus RNA sequencing data. RESULTS Donor-derived tissue resident macrophages, which accompany the allograft into the recipient, are lost over time after transplantation. In contrast, monocyte-derived macrophages from the recipient populate the heart within days after transplantation and form 2 macrophage populations: recipient MP1 and recipient MP2. Recipient MP2s have cell signatures similar to donor-derived resident macrophages; however, they lack signatures of pro-reparative phagocytic activity typical of donor-derived resident macrophages and instead express profibrotic genes. In contrast, recipient MP1s express genes consistent with hallmarks of cellular rejection. Our data suggest that recipient MP1s activate a subset of natural killer cells, turning them into a cytotoxic cell population through feed-forward signaling between recipient MP1s and natural killer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal an imbalance of donor-derived and recipient-derived macrophages in the pediatric cardiac allograft that contributes to allograft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diwakar Turaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston TX, USA
| | - Rich G. Li
- The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chang-Ru Tsai
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julianna N. Quinn
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Katherine Carlson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph A. Spinner
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edward J. Hickey
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iki Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James F. Martin
- The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Byrnes JR, Lee T, Sharaby S, Campbell RA, Dobson DA, Holle LA, Luo M, Kangro K, Homeister JW, Aleman MM, Luyendyk JP, Kerlin BA, Dumond JB, Wolberg AS. Reciprocal stabilization of coagulation factor XIII-A and -B subunits is a determinant of plasma FXIII concentration. Blood 2024; 143:444-455. [PMID: 37883802 PMCID: PMC10862369 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Transglutaminase factor XIII (FXIII) is essential for hemostasis, wound healing, and pregnancy maintenance. Plasma FXIII is composed of A and B subunit dimers synthesized in cells of hematopoietic origin and hepatocytes, respectively. The subunits associate tightly in circulation as FXIII-A2B2. FXIII-B2 stabilizes the (pro)active site-containing FXIII-A subunits. Interestingly, people with genetic FXIII-A deficiency have decreased FXIII-B2, and therapeutic infusion of recombinant FXIII-A2 (rFXIII-A2) increases FXIII-B2, suggesting FXIII-A regulates FXIII-B secretion, production, and/or clearance. We analyzed humans and mice with genetic FXIII-A deficiency and developed a mouse model of rFXIII-A2 infusion to define mechanisms mediating plasma FXIII-B levels. Like humans with FXIII-A deficiency, mice with genetic FXIII-A deficiency had reduced circulating FXIII-B2, and infusion of FXIII-A2 increased FXIII-B2. FXIII-A-deficient mice had normal hepatic function and did not store FXIII-B in liver, indicating FXIII-A does not mediate FXIII-B secretion. Transcriptional analysis and polysome profiling indicated similar F13b levels and ribosome occupancy in FXIII-A-sufficient and -deficient mice and in FXIII-A-deficient mice infused with rFXIII-A2, indicating FXIII-A does not induce de novo FXIII-B synthesis. Unexpectedly, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of FXIII-B antigen after rFXIII-A2 infusion in humans and mice suggested FXIII-A2 slows FXIII-B2 loss from plasma. Accordingly, comparison of free FXIII-B2 vs FXIII-A2-complexed FXIII-B2 (FXIII-A2B2) infused into mice revealed faster clearance of free FXIII-B2. These data show FXIII-A2 prevents FXIII-B2 loss from circulation and establish the mechanism underlying FXIII-B2 behavior in FXIII-A deficiency and during rFXIII-A2 therapy. Our findings reveal a unique, reciprocal relationship between independently synthesized subunits that mediate an essential hemostatic protein in circulation. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.com as #NCT00978380.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Byrnes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Taek Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sherif Sharaby
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robert A. Campbell
- Molecular Medicine Program, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Dre’Von A. Dobson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lori A. Holle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Michelle Luo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kadri Kangro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jonathon W. Homeister
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Maria M. Aleman
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Bryce A. Kerlin
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julie B. Dumond
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Alisa S. Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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3
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Wu WC, Shiu C, Tong TK, Leung SO, Hui CW. Suppression of NK Cell Activation by JAK3 Inhibition: Implication in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:8924603. [PMID: 38106519 PMCID: PMC10723930 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8924603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell is an essential cytotoxic lymphocyte in our innate immunity. Activation of NK cells is of paramount importance in defending against pathogens, suppressing autoantibody production and regulating other immune cells. Common gamma chain (γc) cytokines, including IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21, are defined as essential regulators for NK cell homeostasis and development. However, it is inconclusive whether γc cytokine-driven NK cell activation plays a protective or pathogenic role in the development of autoimmunity. In this study, we investigate and correlate the differential effects of γc cytokines in NK cell expansion and activation. IL-2 and IL-15 are mainly responsible for NK cell activation, while IL-21 preferentially stimulates NK cell proliferation. Blockade of Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway by either JAK inhibitors or antibodies targeting γc receptor subunits reverses the γc cytokine-induced NK cell activation, leading to suppression of its autoimmunity-like phenotype in vitro. These results underline the mechanisms of how γc cytokines trigger autoimmune phenotype in NK cells as a potential target to autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chung Wu
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Carol Shiu
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Tak Keung Tong
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Shui On Leung
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chin Wai Hui
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
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4
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Bogović Crnčić T, Girotto N, Ilić Tomaš M, Krištofić I, Klobučar S, Batičić L, Ćurko-Cofek B, Sotošek V. Innate Immunity in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15442. [PMID: 37895126 PMCID: PMC10607674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorder clinically presented as Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD). The pathogenesis of AITD is caused by an inappropriate immune response related to genetic, non-genetic, and environmental factors. Pregnancy is one of the factors that have a great influence on the function of the thyroid gland because of the increased metabolic demand and the effects of hormones related to pregnancy. During pregnancy, an adaptation of the maternal immune system occurs, especially of the innate immune system engaged in maintaining adaptive immunity in the tolerant state, preventing the rejection of the fetus. Pregnancy-related hormonal changes (estrogen, progesterone, hCG) may modulate the activity of innate immune cells, potentially worsening the course of AITD during pregnancy. This especially applies to NK cells, which are associated with exacerbation of HD and GD. On the other hand, previous thyroid disorders can affect fertility and cause adverse outcomes of pregnancy, such as placental abruption, spontaneous abortion, and premature delivery. Additionally, it can cause fetal growth retardation and may contribute to impaired neuropsychological development of the fetus. Therefore, maintaining the thyroid equilibrium in women of reproductive age and in pregnant women is of the highest importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Bogović Crnčić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Neva Girotto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Maja Ilić Tomaš
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Ines Krištofić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Klobučar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Lara Batičić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Vlatka Sotošek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences II, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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5
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Arbelaez CA, Palle P, Charaix J, Bettelli E. STAT1 signaling protects self-reactive T cells from control by innate cells during neuroinflammation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:148222. [PMID: 35587373 PMCID: PMC9309063 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT1 plays a critical role in modulating the differentiation of CD4+ T cells producing IL-17 and GM-CSF, which promote the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The protective role of STAT1 in MS and EAE has been largely attributed to its ability to limit pathogenic Th cells and promote Tregs. Using mice with selective deletion of STAT1 in T cells (STAT1CD4-Cre), we identified a potentially novel mechanism by which STAT1 regulates neuroinflammation independently of Foxp3+ Tregs. STAT1-deficient effector T cells became the target of NK cell–mediated killing, limiting their capacity to induce EAE. STAT1-deficient T cells promoted their own killing by producing more IL-2 that, in return, activated NK cells. Elimination of NK cells restored EAE susceptibility in STAT1CD4-Cre mice. Therefore, our study suggests that the STAT1 pathway can be manipulated to limit autoreactive T cells during autoimmunity directed against the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Arbelaez
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Pushpalatha Palle
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Charaix
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Estelle Bettelli
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States of America
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6
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Connell SJ, Jabbari A. The current state of knowledge of the immune ecosystem in alopecia areata. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103061. [PMID: 35151885 PMCID: PMC9018517 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that affects approximately 2% of the general population. Patients with AA most commonly present with one or more patches of hair loss on the scalp in defined circular areas. A fraction of patients progress to more severe forms of the disease, in some cases with involvement of all body surfaces. The healthy anagen stage hair follicle is considered an immune privileged site, described as an environment that suppresses inflammatory immune responses. However, in AA, this immune privileged state collapses and marks the hair follicle as a target for the immune system, resulting in peri- and intrafollicular infiltration by lymphocytes. The complexity of the inflammatory ecosystem of the immune response to the hair follicle, and the relationships between the cellular and soluble participants, in AA remains incompletely understood. Many studies have demonstrated the presence of various immune cells around diseased hair follicles; however, often little is known about their respective contributions to AA pathogenesis. Furthering our understanding of the mechanisms of disease in AA is essential for the novel identification of targeted therapeutics that are efficacious and have few unintended effects.
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7
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Luo Q, Kong Y, Fu B, Li X, Huang Q, Huang Z, Li J. Increased TIM-3 +PD-1 + NK cells are associated with the disease activity and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Med 2021; 22:47-56. [PMID: 34101055 PMCID: PMC8863699 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that natural killer (NK) cells are dysregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. However, the functions of NK cells and the mechanisms regulated by them in SLE remain incompletely understood. Patients with SLE were recruited from The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, and their clinical characteristics and treatments were recorded. The expression levels of T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on NK cells were examined using flow cytometry. The correlations between the increase in TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells in the SLE patients and clinical traits, including inflammatory markers, auto-antibodies, disease activity and severity of SLE, were examined. The TIM-3+NK cells, PD-1+NK cells and TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells were significantly increased in the SLE patients. The increase in TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells in the patients with SLE was associated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, anti-double stranded DNA, anti-ribosomal P, SLE disease activity index and clinical features. The frequency of TIM-3+PD-1+NK cells in SLE patients with a cardiovascular disease (CVD) was significantly lower than that in SLE patients without a CVD. Moreover, the increased TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells were significantly decreased in SLE patients following treatment. The present study suggested that the increased TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells were associated with the disease activity and severity of SLE and may play a role in SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyuan Kong
- Outpatient Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Biqi Fu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshui Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zikun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Liu M, Liang S, Zhang C. NK Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: Protective or Pathogenic? Front Immunol 2021; 12:624687. [PMID: 33777006 PMCID: PMC7994264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases generally result from the loss of self-tolerance (i.e., failure of the immune system to distinguish self from non-self), and are characterized by autoantibody production and hyperactivation of T cells, which leads to damage of specific or multiple organs. Thus, autoimmune diseases can be classified as organ-specific or systemic. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of autoimmunity. Recent studies have demonstrated the contribution of innate immunity to the onset of autoimmune diseases. Natural killer (NK) cells, which are key components of the innate immune system, have been implicated in the development of multiple autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune liver disease. However, NK cells have both protective and pathogenic roles in autoimmunity depending on the NK cell subset, microenvironment, and disease type or stage. In this work, we review the current knowledge of the varied roles of NK cell subsets in systemic and organic-specific autoimmune diseases and their clinical potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Liu
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shujuan Liang
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Enteroviral Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Natural Killer Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8070989. [PMID: 32630332 PMCID: PMC7409131 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses, especially group B coxsackieviruses (CV-B), have been associated with the development of chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). The pathological mechanisms that trigger virus-induced autoimmunity against islet antigens in T1D are not fully elucidated. Animal and human studies suggest that NK cells response to CV-B infection play a crucial role in the enteroviral pathogenesis of T1D. Indeed, CV-B-infected cells can escape from cytotoxic T cells recognition and destruction by inhibition of cell surface expression of HLA class I antigen through non-structural viral proteins, but they can nevertheless be killed by NK cells. Cytolytic activity of NK cells towards pancreatic beta cells persistently-infected with CV-B has been reported and defective viral clearance by NK cells of patients with T1D has been suggested as a mechanism leading to persistence of CV-B and triggering autoimmunity reported in these patients. The knowledge about host antiviral defense against CV-B infection is not only crucial to understand the susceptibility to virus-induced T1D but could also contribute to the design of new preventive or therapeutic approaches for individuals at risk for T1D or newly diagnosed patients.
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10
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Wee YM, Go H, Choi MY, Jung HR, Cho YM, Kim YH, Han DJ, Shin S. Tissue-resident natural killer cells exacerbate tubulointerstitial fibrosis by activating transglutaminase 2 and syndecan-4 in a model of aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 31072444 PMCID: PMC6774424 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.9.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite reports suggesting that tissue-resident natural killer (trNK) cells cause ischemic kidney injury, their contribution to the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis has not been determined. This study hypothesized that the depletion of trNK cells may ameliorate renal fibrosis by affecting transglutaminase 2/syndecan-4 interactions. Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) was induced in C57BL/6 mice as an experimental model of kidney fibrosis. The mice were treated with anti-asialo GM1 (ASGM1) or anti-NK1.1 antibodies to deplete NK cells. Although both ASGM1 and NK1.1 antibodies suppressed renal NKp46+DX5+ NK cells, renal NKp46+DX5− cells were resistant to suppression by ASGM1 or NK1.1 antibodies during the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the AAN-induced mouse model. Western blot analysis showed that both antibodies increased the expression of fibronectin, transglutaminase 2, and syndecan-4. These findings indicate that trNK cells played an exacerbating role in tubulointerstitial fibrosis by activating transglutaminase 2 and syndecan-4 in the AAN-induced mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mee Wee
- Department of Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05535, Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Korea
| | - Monica Young Choi
- Department of Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05535, Korea
| | - Hey Rim Jung
- Department of Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05535, Korea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Korea
| | - Duck Jong Han
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Korea
| | - Sung Shin
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05535, Korea
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11
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Natural killer cells as participants in pathogenesis of rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE): lessons from research on rats with distinct age and strain. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 44:337-356. [PMID: 32140045 PMCID: PMC7050050 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.92777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, influencing dendritic cell (DC)-mediated CD4+ lymphocyte priming in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and controlling spinal cord (SC) infiltration with encephalitogenic CD4+T lymphocytes, modulate EAE (multiple sclerosis model). This study examined their putative contribution to age-related differences in EAE development in Dark Agouti (DA) (exhibiting age-related decrease in EAE susceptibility) and Albino Oxford (AO) (becoming susceptible to EAE with aging) rats. Aging increased NK cell number in dLNs from rats of both strains. In AO rats, but not in DA ones, it also increased the numbers of IFN-γ-producing NK cells (important for DC activation) and activated/matured DCs, thereby increasing activated/matured DC/conventional Foxp3-CD4+ cell ratio and activated CD25+Foxp3-CD4+ cell number. Aging in DA rats diminished activated/matured DC/conventional Foxp3-CD4+ cell ratio and activated Foxp3-CD4+ cell number. However, MBP-stimulated CD4+ cell proliferation did not differ in dLN cell cultures from young and aged AO rats (as more favorable activated/matured DC/Foxp3-CD4+ cell ratio was abrogated by lower intrinsic CD4+ cell proliferative capacity and a greater regulatory CD25+Foxp3+CD4+ lymphocyte frequency), but was lower in those from aged compared with young DA rats. At SC level, aging shifted Foxp3-CD4+/cytotoxic CX3CR1+ NK cell ratio towards the former in AO rats, so it was less favorable in aged AO rats exhibiting prolonged neurological deficit compared with their DA counterparts. The study showed strain and age differences in number of IFN-γ-producing NK cells in EAE rat dLNs, and suggested that their pathogenetic relevance depends on frequency and/or activity of other cells involved in CD4+ T cell (auto)immune response.
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Ramos MPM, Ribeiro C, Soares AJ. A kinetic model of T cell autoreactivity in autoimmune diseases. J Math Biol 2019; 79:2005-2031. [PMID: 31501944 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-019-01418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We construct a mathematical model of kinetic type in order to describe the immune system interactions in the context of autoimmune disease. The interacting populations are self-antigen presenting cells, self-reactive T cells and the set of immunosuppressive cells consisting of regulatory T cells and Natural Killer cells. The main aim of our work is to develop a qualitative analysis of the model equations and investigate the existence of biologically realistic solutions. Having this goal in mind we describe the interactions between cells during an autoimmune reaction based on biological considerations that are given in the literature and we show that the corresponding system of integro-differential equations has finite positive solutions. The asymptotic behaviour of the solution of the system is also studied. We complement our mathematical analysis with numerical simulations that study the sensitivity of the model to parameters related to proliferation of immunosuppressive cells, destruction of self-antigen presenting cells and self-reactive T cells and tolerance of SRTCs to self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Ribeiro
- Centro de Matemática, Universidade do Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A J Soares
- Centro de Matemática, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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13
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Zhao H, Feng Y, Wei C, Li Y, Ma H, Wang X, Cui Z, Jin WN, Shi FD. Colivelin Rescues Ischemic Neuron and Axons Involving JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Neuroscience 2019; 416:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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NK Cell Induced T Cell Anergy Depends on GRAIL Expression. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080790. [PMID: 31362466 PMCID: PMC6721544 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells (natural killer cells) being a part of the innate immune system have been shown to be involved in immunoregulation of autoimmune diseases. Previously we have shown that HINT1/Hsp70 treatment induced regulatory NK cells ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) course and CD4+ T cells proliferation. NK cells were isolated from mice treated with HINT1/Hsp70 and co-cultured with proteolipid protein (PLP)-stimulated CD4+ T cells isolated from EAE mice. Cell proliferation was assessed by thymidine uptake, cytotoxicity by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, protein expression by Western blot, mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR. Gene related to anergy in lymphocytes (GRAIL) expression was downregulated by specific siRNA and GRAIL overexpression was induced by pcDNA-GRAIL transfection. HINT1/Hsp70 pretreatment of EAE SJL/J mice ameliorated EAE course, suppressed PLP-induced T cell proliferation by enhancing T cell expression of GRAIL as GRAIL downregulation restored T cell proliferation. HINT1/Hsp70 treatment induced immunoregulatory NK cells which inhibited PLP-stimulated T cell proliferation not depending on T cell necrosis and apoptosis. This immunoregulatory NK cell function depended on NK cell expression of GRAIL as GRAIL downregulation diminished inhibition of NK cell suppression of T cell proliferation. Similarly GRAIL overexpression in NK cells induced their regulatory function. HINT1/Hsp70 treatment generated regulatory NK cells characterized by expression of GRAIL.
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Van Kaer L, Postoak JL, Wang C, Yang G, Wu L. Innate, innate-like and adaptive lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:531-539. [PMID: 30874627 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which the immune system damages the protective insulation surrounding the nerve fibers that project from neurons. A hallmark of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is autoimmunity against proteins of the myelin sheath. Most studies in this field have focused on the roles of CD4+ T lymphocytes, which form part of the adaptive immune system as both mediators and regulators in disease pathogenesis. Consequently, the treatments for MS often target the inflammatory CD4+ T-cell responses. However, many other lymphocyte subsets contribute to the pathophysiology of MS and EAE, and these subsets include CD8+ T cells and B cells of the adaptive immune system, lymphocytes of the innate immune system such as natural killer cells, and subsets of innate-like T and B lymphocytes such as γδ T cells, natural killer T cells, and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Several of these lymphocyte subsets can act as mediators of CNS inflammation, whereas others exhibit immunoregulatory functions in disease. Importantly, the efficacy of some MS treatments might be mediated in part by effects on lymphocytes other than CD4+ T cells. Here we review the contributions of distinct subsets of lymphocytes on the pathogenesis of MS and EAE, with an emphasis on lymphocytes other than CD4+ T cells. A better understanding of the distinct lymphocyte subsets that contribute to the pathophysiology of MS and its experimental models will inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Joshua L Postoak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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16
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Baecher-Allan C, Kaskow BJ, Weiner HL. Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Immunotherapy. Neuron 2018; 97:742-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Jin WN, Ducruet AF, Liu Q, Shi SXY, Waters M, Zou M, Sheth KN, Gonzales R, Shi FD. Activation of JAK/STAT3 restores NK-cell function and improves immune defense after brain ischemia. FASEB J 2018; 32:2757-2767. [PMID: 29401578 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700962r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stroke-induced immune suppression predisposes the host to infections and can contribute to high morbidity and mortality in stroke patients. Because ischemic stroke has a profound effect on the systemic immune response, which may explain the increased susceptibility of stroke patients to infection, an urgent need persists for a better understanding of mechanisms associated with immune suppression; new and effective treatments for stroke can then be identified. NK cells play a key role in early host defense against pathogens by killing infected cells and/or producing cytokines such as IFN-γ. Because the phenotype and function of peripheral NK cells have been widely investigated in ischemic stroke, nCounter Inflammation Gene Array Analysis was used to build immune-related gene profiles of NK cells to comprehensively analyze the molecular signature of NK cells after ischemic brain injury. We observed distinct gene expression profiles reflecting different splenic NK-cell phenotypes and functional properties across the time course of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Based on gene expression and pathway-network analysis, lower expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) were observed in animals with MCAO compared with sham control animals. Genetic activation of STAT3 through the introduction of STAT3 clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) plasmid prevented the loss of NK-cell-derived IFN-γ production after MCAO, together with reduced bacterial burden and mortality. Our data suggest that brain ischemia impairs NK-cell-mediated immune defense in the periphery, at least in part through the JAK-STAT3 pathway, which can be readdressed by modulating STAT3 activation status.-Jin, W.-N., Ducruet, A. F., Liu, Q., Shi, S. X.-Y., Waters, M., Zou, M., Sheth, K. N., Gonzales, R., Shi, F.-D. Activation of JAK/STAT3 restores NK-cell function and improves immune defense after brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Na Jin
- Center for Neuroinflammation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Samuel Xiang-Yu Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; and
| | - Michael Waters
- Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ming Zou
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rayna Gonzales
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; and
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Center for Neuroinflammation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Division of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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18
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Feng Y, Liao S, Wei C, Jia D, Wood K, Liu Q, Wang X, Shi FD, Jin WN. Infiltration and persistence of lymphocytes during late-stage cerebral ischemia in middle cerebral artery occlusion and photothrombotic stroke models. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:248. [PMID: 29246244 PMCID: PMC5732427 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that brain infiltration of lymphocytes contributes to acute neural injury after cerebral ischemia. However, the spatio-temporal dynamics of brain-infiltrating lymphocytes during the late stage after cerebral ischemia remains unclear. Methods C57BL/6 (B6) mice were subjected to sham, photothrombosis, or 60-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) procedures. Infarct volume, neurodeficits, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory factors, brain-infiltrating lymphocytes, and their activation as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ production were assessed. Brain-infiltrating lymphocytes were also measured in tissue sections from post-mortem patients after ischemic stroke by immunostaining. Results In mice subjected to transient MCAO or photothrombotic stroke, we found that lymphocyte infiltration persists in the ischemic brain until at least day 14 after surgery, during which brain infarct volume significantly diminished. These brain-infiltrating lymphocytes express activation marker CD69 and produce proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, accompanied with a sustained increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines release in the brain. In addition, brain-infiltrating lymphocytes were observed in post-mortem brain sections from patients during the late stage of ischemic stroke. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that brain-infiltration of lymphocytes persists after the acute stage of cerebral ischemia, facilitating future advanced studies to reveal the precise role of lymphocytes during late stage of stroke. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-017-1017-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Center for Neuroinflammation, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Shiwei Liao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Changjuan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Dongmei Jia
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Kristofer Wood
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, 85013, AZ, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, 85013, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02129, MA, USA
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Center for Neuroinflammation, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Beijing, 100070, China.,Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, 85013, AZ, USA
| | - Wei-Na Jin
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Center for Neuroinflammation, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Beijing, 100070, China. .,Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, 85013, AZ, USA.
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19
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The Interplay between Natural Killer Cells and Human Herpesvirus-6. Viruses 2017; 9:v9120367. [PMID: 29194419 PMCID: PMC5744142 DOI: 10.3390/v9120367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a set of two closely related herpes viruses known as HHV-6A and HHV-6B. Both are lymphotropic viruses that establish latency in the host. The ability to evade the immune responses of effector cells is likely a major factor contributing to the development of a persistent HHV-6A/B (collectively termed HHV-6) infection. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that, along with neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, participate in the critical innate immune response during viral infections, but can also mediate the antigen-specific memory responses generally associated with adaptive immunity. NK cells compose the first barrier that viruses must break through to continue replication and dissemination, and a weak NK cell response may predispose an individual to chronic viral infections. Both HHV-6A and HHV-6B can interfere with NK cell-mediated anti-viral responses but the mechanisms by which each of these viruses affect NK cell activity differs. In this review, we will explore the nuanced relationships between the two viruses and NK cells, discussing, in addition, relevant disease associations.
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20
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Acetylcholine-producing NK cells attenuate CNS inflammation via modulation of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6202-E6211. [PMID: 28696300 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705491114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonneural cholinergic system of immune cells is pivotal for the maintenance of immunological homeostasis. Here we demonstrate the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and cholinergic enzymes in murine natural killer (NK) cells. The capacity for acetylcholine synthesis by NK cells increased markedly under inflammatory conditions such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), in which ChAT expression escalated along with the maturation of NK cells. ChAT+ and ChAT- NK cells displayed distinctive features in terms of cytotoxicity and chemokine/cytokine production. Transfer of ChAT+ NK cells into the cerebral ventricles of CX3CR1-/- mice reduced brain and spinal cord damage after EAE induction, and decreased the numbers of CNS-infiltrating CCR2+Ly6Chi monocytes. ChAT+ NK cells killed CCR2+Ly6Chi monocytes directly via the disruption of tolerance and inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, ChAT+ NK cells and CCR2+Ly6Chi monocytes formed immune synapses; moreover, the impact of ChAT+ NK cells was mediated by α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Finally, the NK cell cholinergic system up-regulated in response to autoimmune activation in multiple sclerosis, perhaps reflecting the severity of disease. Therefore, this study extends our understanding of the nonneural cholinergic system and the protective immune effect of acetylcholine-producing NK cells in autoimmune diseases.
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21
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Jin WN, Shi SXY, Li Z, Li M, Wood K, Gonzales RJ, Liu Q. Depletion of microglia exacerbates postischemic inflammation and brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2224-2236. [PMID: 28273719 PMCID: PMC5444553 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17694185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain ischemia elicits microglial activation and microglia survival depend on signaling through colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). Although depletion of microglia has been linked to worse stroke outcomes, it remains unclear to what extent and by what mechanisms activated microglia influence ischemia-induced inflammation and injury in the brain. Using a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, we demonstrated that depletion of microglia via administration of the dual CSF1R/c-Kit inhibitor PLX3397 exacerbates neurodeficits and brain infarction. Depletion of microglia augmented the production of inflammatory mediators, leukocyte infiltration, and cell death during brain ischemia. Of note, microglial depletion-induced exacerbation of stroke severity did not solely depend on lymphocytes and monocytes. Importantly, depletion of microglia dramatically augmented the production of inflammatory mediators by astrocytes after brain ischemia . In vitro studies reveal that microglia restricted ischemia-induced astrocyte response and provided neuroprotective effects. Our findings suggest that neuroprotective effects of microglia may result, in part, from its inhibitory action on astrocyte response after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Na Jin
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Samuel Xiang-Yu Shi
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Minshu Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kristofer Wood
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rayna J Gonzales
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Guo R, Zhou Y, Lu L, Cao L, Cao J. Atopy in children with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with severe disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177774. [PMID: 28545118 PMCID: PMC5435243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of co-existing atopy on the prognosis of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) was assessed in this study. Patients diagnosed with JSLE between October 2005 and April 2016 were enrolled in a prospective study and followed up for 2 years. Management of patients was evaluated using the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score and laboratory variables. Eighty JSLE patients were enrolled at diagnosis and divided into those with (n = 35) and without (n = 45) atopy. When compared with the non-atopic group, atopic patients showed higher SLEDAI-2K score at disease onset (16.09 vs. 11.18), higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (52.89 vs. 38.27 mm/h), higher percentage of total B-cells (25.85 vs. 19.51%), lower percentage (7.26 vs. 9.03%) and cytotoxicity (9.92 vs. 11.32%) of natural killer cells, and lower complement C3 (0.51 vs. 0.69 g/L) (all p<0.05). At 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, JSLE patients with atopy reached higher SLEDAI-2K score and lower ΔSLEDAI-2K improvement rate (at 1 month, 8.34 vs. 4.71 and 43.63 vs. 57.95%, respectively; at 3 months, 8.57 vs. 2.62 and 48.39 vs. 75.10%, respectively; at 6 months, 6.91 vs. 2.38 and 53.59 vs. 77.26%, respectively; at 12 months, 4.71 vs. 1.80 and 69.54 vs. 84.10%, respectively; at 18 months, 4.66 vs. 2.02 and 68.14 vs. 82.93%, respectively; at 24 months, 8.57 vs. 2.62 and 70.00 vs. 81.88%, respectively; all p<0.05). During the 24 months of follow-up, the total number of disease flares was higher in JSLE patients with co-existing atopy (3.77 vs. 1.51, p<0.05), and the atopic group needed much more time to reach the stable condition of the disease (6.88 vs. 4.65 months, p<0.05). JSLE patients combined with co-existing atopy had more severe disease at diagnosis and poorer outcomes than JSLE patients without atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruru Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Central hospital of Jiading, Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Liangjing Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lanfang Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junjia Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Zhang YJ, Qu W, Liu H, Wang YH, Liu CY, Li LJ, Wang HQ, Fu R, Xing LM, Shao ZH. [Research on the negative immune regulation of NK cells in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2017; 38:399-403. [PMID: 28565739 PMCID: PMC7354183 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the levels of NK cells and their relevant cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β and IFN-γ) in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) . Methods: All samples were obtained from 42 patients (22 newly diagnosed and 20 in remission) and 20 healthy volunteers. The levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ in blood serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . The percentage of CD3(-) CD56(+) NK cell, CD3(-) CD56(bright) CD16(-) NK cell, CD3(-) CD56(dim) CD16(+) NK cell in peripheral blood lymphocyte were detected by flow cytometry. The NK cells were isolated by immunomagnetic microbeads. The mRNA expression levels of IL-10, TGF-β, and IFN-γ in NK cells were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Correlation between the above measured results was analyzed. Results: ① The blood serum level of IFN-γ in newly diagnosed ITP patients [ (653.0±221.6) ng/L] was higher than that in remission ITP patients [ (484.4±219.5) ng/L] and healthy control [ (390.9±253.5) ng/L] (P=0.022, P=0.001) . The blood serum level of IL-10 in newly diagnosed ITP patients was lower than that in healthy control [ (52.09±26.66) ng/L vs (79.44±38.43) ng/L, P=0.007]. ②The percentage of NK cell in newly diagnosed and remission ITP patients [ (9.53±3.93) %, (9.03±3.78) %] were significantly lower than that in healthy control [ (13.72±7.42) %] (P=0.013, P=0.007) . The ratio of CD3(-) CD56(bright) CD16(-) NK cell/total NK cells in newly diagnosed ITP patients was higher than that in healthy control [ (6.85±4.43) % vs (4.05±2.81) %, P=0.032]. The ratio of CD3(-)CD56(dim) CD16(-) NK cell/total NK cells in newly diagnosed ITP patients was lower than that in healthy control [ (93.14±4.43) % vs (95.94±2.81) %, P=0.032]. ③ There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression level of IFN-γ in NK cells of ITP patients and healthy control (all P>0.05) . The mRNA expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in NK cells in newly diagnosed ITP patients were significantly higher than that in healthy control (1.82±1.32 vs 1.02±1.03, P=0.023; 2.80±2.31 vs 1.46±1.37, P=0.028) . The ratio of CD3(-)CD56(bright) CD16(-) NK cell/total NK cells was positively correlated with the mRNA expression levels of IL-10, TGF-β in NK cells (r=0.424, P=0.001; r=0.432, P<0.001) . Conclusion: NK cells may compensate for the deficiency of the number by enhancing the secretion of negative regulation cytokines, acting as "protective" roles in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Zhang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
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RNA Seq analysis for transcriptome profiling in response to classical swine fever vaccination in indigenous and crossbred pigs. Funct Integr Genomics 2017; 17:607-620. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Velarde-de la Cruz EE, Sánchez-Hernández PE, Muñoz-Valle JF, Palafox-Sánchez CA, Ramírez-de Los Santos S, Graciano-Machuca O, García-Iglesias T, Montoya-Buelna M, Ramírez-Dueñas MG. KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 as genetic markers to the methotrexate response in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 38:303-9. [PMID: 27251940 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1194429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) are aimed to interfere with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression and reduce the joint damage; however, not all patients respond alike. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their ligands, human leucocyte antigen class I (HLA-I), have been associated with RA pathology; therefore, KIR and HLA genes may influence the treatment response. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the association of KIR genotype and their ligands HLA-C genes with the response to DMARDs in RA patients. We included 69 patients diagnosed with RA and 82 healthy individuals as the reference group. KIR and HLA-C genotyping was performed using SSP-PCR. RA patients were assessed at baseline and under treatment at 6 and 12 months; subsequently classified as responders and non-responders in each time period. We evaluated the association between DMARD response and genes using statistical analysis by using Fisher exact test with Bonferroni correction; results were regarded as statistically significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS Significant difference was observed in gene frequencies of patients and the reference group, KIR2DL2 was associated with RA (p = 0.031, OR = 2.119). We also observed an association between KIR2DS2 and the response to methotrexate (MTX), moreover, the combination KIR2DL2+/KIR2DS2+ was more frequent in responders to MTX (p = 0.043). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS In our results, responders and non-responders to DMARDs showed KIR2DS2 and KIR2DL2 different gene frequencies, therefore, these genes could be used as response predictors to DMARDs treatment. Thus, these genes were also associated with disease severity, as well as the treatment response possibly by the immunoregulatory function of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erandi Enif Velarde-de la Cruz
- a Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México ;,b Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - Pedro Ernesto Sánchez-Hernández
- a Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México ;,b Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- b Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México ;,c Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
- b Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México ;,c Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - Saúl Ramírez-de Los Santos
- d Departamento de Clínicas , Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara , Tepatitlán , Jalisco , México
| | - Omar Graciano-Machuca
- a Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México ;,b Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - Trinidad García-Iglesias
- a Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - Margarita Montoya-Buelna
- a Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
| | - María Guadalupe Ramírez-Dueñas
- a Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Fisiología , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México ;,b Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Departamento de Fisiología , Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara , Guadalajara , Jalisco , México
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NK cells are biologic and biochemical targets of 6-mercaptopurine in Crohn's disease patients. Clin Immunol 2016; 175:82-90. [PMID: 28011186 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
NK cells, which contribute to immune defense against certain viral infections and neoplasia, are emerging as modifiers of chronic immunologic diseases including transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases. Immunobiology and genetic studies have implicated NK cells as a modifier of Crohn's disease, a condition often treated with thiopurine agents such as 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Here, we demonstrate that thiopurines mediate NK cell apoptosis via a caspase 3 and 9 inclusive pathway, and that this process is triggered by thiopurine-mediated inhibition of Rac1. We also show that CD patients in clinical remission maintained on 6-MP have decreased NK cell Rac1 activity, and decreased NK cell numbers in their intestinal biopsies. These observations suggest that thiopurine targeting of NK cells may be a previously unappreciated therapeutic action of these agents in IBD.
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Jin WN, Yang X, Li Z, Li M, Shi SXY, Wood K, Liu Q, Fu Y, Han W, Xu Y, Shi FD, Liu Q. Non-invasive tracking of CD4+ T cells with a paramagnetic and fluorescent nanoparticle in brain ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1464-76. [PMID: 26661207 PMCID: PMC4971610 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15611137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that lymphocytes play a key role in ischemic brain injury. However, there is still a lack of viable approaches to non-invasively track infiltrating lymphocytes and reveal their key spatiotemporal events in the inflamed central nervous system (CNS). Here we describe an in vivo imaging approach for sequential monitoring of brain-infiltrating CD4(+) T cells in experimental ischemic stroke. We show that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or Xenogen imaging combined with labeling of SPIO-Molday ION Rhodamine-B (MIRB) can be used to monitor the dynamics of CD4(+) T cells in a passive transfer model. MIRB-labeled CD4(+) T cells can be longitudinally visualized in the mouse brain and peripheral organs such as the spleen and liver after cerebral ischemia. Immunostaining of tissue sections showed similar kinetics of MIRB-labeled CD4(+) T cells when compared with in vivo observations. Our results demonstrated the use of MIRB coupled with in vivo imaging as a valid method to track CD4(+) T cells in ischemic brain injury. This approach will facilitate future investigations to identify the dynamics and key spatiotemporal events for brain-infiltrating lymphocytes in CNS inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Na Jin
- Departments of Neurology, Immunology, Radiology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Departments of Neurology, Immunology, Radiology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Minshu Li
- Departments of Neurology, Immunology, Radiology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Samuel Xiang-Yu Shi
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kristofer Wood
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Qingwei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ying Fu
- Departments of Neurology, Immunology, Radiology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Han
- Departments of Neurology, Immunology, Radiology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Departments of Neurology, Immunology, Radiology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Departments of Neurology, Immunology, Radiology, Key Laboratory of Neurorepair and Regeneration, Tianjin and Ministry of Education, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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NK Cell Subtypes as Regulators of Autoimmune Liver Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:6903496. [PMID: 27462349 PMCID: PMC4947642 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6903496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As major components of innate immunity, NK cells not only exert cell-mediated cytotoxicity to destroy tumors or infected cells, but also act to regulate the functions of other cells in the immune system by secreting cytokines and chemokines. Thus, NK cells provide surveillance in the early defense against viruses, intracellular bacteria, and cancer cells. However, the effecter function of NK cells must be exquisitely controlled to prevent inadvertent attack against normal “self” cells. In an organ such as the liver, where the distinction between immunotolerance and immune defense against routinely processed pathogens is critical, the plethora of NK cells has a unique role in the maintenance of homeostasis. Once self-tolerance is broken, autoimmune liver disease resulted. NK cells act as a “two-edged weapon” and even play opposite roles with both regulatory and inducer activities in the hepatic environment. That is, NK cells act not only to produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but also to alter the proliferation and activation of associated lymphocytes. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms at work in autoimmune liver diseases remain to be identified. In this review, we focus on recent research with NK cells and their potential role in the development of autoimmune liver disease.
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Diagnostic value of plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in acute lung allograft rejection: differential cytology. Respir Res 2016; 17:74. [PMID: 27323950 PMCID: PMC4915079 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of acute lung allograft rejection is currently based on transbronchial lung biopsies. Additional methods to detect acute allograft dysfunction derived from plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage samples might facilitate diagnosis and ultimately improve allograft survival. This review article gives an overview of the cell profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma samples during acute lung allograft rejection. The value of these cells and changes within the pattern of differential cytology to support the diagnosis of acute lung allograft rejection is discussed. Current findings on the topic are highlighted and trends for future research are identified.
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Swindell WR, Sarkar MK, Liang Y, Xing X, Gudjonsson JE. Cross-Disease Transcriptomics: Unique IL-17A Signaling in Psoriasis Lesions and an Autoimmune PBMC Signature. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1820-1830. [PMID: 27206706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome studies of psoriasis have identified robust changes in mRNA expression through large-scale analysis of patient cohorts. These studies, however, have analyzed all mRNA changes in aggregate, without distinguishing between disease-specific and nonspecific differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In this study, RNA-seq meta-analysis was used to identify (1) psoriasis-specific DEGs altered in few diseases besides psoriasis and (2) nonspecific DEGs similarly altered in many other skin conditions. We show that few cutaneous DEGs are psoriasis specific and that the two DEG classes differ in their cell type and cytokine associations. Psoriasis-specific DEGs are expressed by keratinocytes and induced by IL-17A, whereas nonspecific DEGs are expressed by inflammatory cells and induced by IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived DEGs were more psoriasis specific than cutaneous DEGs. Nonetheless, peripheral blood mononuclear cell DEGs associated with major histocompatibility complex class I and natural killer cells were commonly downregulated in psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis). These findings demonstrate "cross-disease" transcriptomics as an approach to gain insights into the cutaneous and noncutaneous psoriasis transcriptomes. This highlighted unique contributions of IL-17A to the cytokine network and uncovered a blood-based gene signature that links psoriasis to other diseases of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Swindell
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Wang S, Li H, Zhang M, Yue LT, Wang CC, Zhang P, Liu Y, Duan RS. Curcumin ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by diverse immune cells. Neurosci Lett 2016; 626:25-34. [PMID: 27181511 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a traditional Asian medicine with diverse immunomodulatory properties used therapeutically in the treatment of many autoimmune diseases. However, the effects of curcumin on myasthenia gravis (MG) remain undefined. Here we investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of curcumin in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Our results demonstrated that curcumin ameliorated the clinical scores of EAMG, suppressed the expression of T cell co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) and MHC class II, down-regulated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and up-regulated the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, shifted the balance from Th1/Th17 toward Th2/Treg, and increased the numbers of NKR-P1(+) cells (natural killer cell receptor protein 1 positive cells, including NK and NKT cells). Moreover, the administration of curcumin promoted the differentiation of B cells into a subset of B10 cells, increased the anti-R97-166 peptide IgG1 levels and decreased the relative affinity indexes of anti-R97-116 peptide IgG. In summary, curcumin effectively ameliorate EAMG, indicating that curcumin may be a potential candidate therapeutic agent for MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Long-Tao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Cong-Cong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Electromyography Department, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Rui-Sheng Duan
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
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Impaired NK-mediated regulation of T-cell activity in multiple sclerosis is reconstituted by IL-2 receptor modulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2973-82. [PMID: 27162345 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524924113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from a breakdown in peripheral immune tolerance. Although a beneficial role of natural killer (NK)-cell immune-regulatory function has been proposed, it still needs to be elucidated whether NK cells are functionally impaired as part of the disease. We observed NK cells in active MS lesions in close proximity to T cells. In accordance with a higher migratory capacity across the blood-brain barrier, CD56(bright) NK cells represent the major intrathecal NK-cell subset in both MS patients and healthy individuals. Investigating the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients treated with natalizumab revealed that transmigration of this subset depends on the α4β1 integrin very late antigen (VLA)-4. Although no MS-related changes in the migratory capacity of NK cells were observed, NK cells derived from patients with MS exhibit a reduced cytolytic activity in response to antigen-activated CD4(+) T cells. Defective NK-mediated immune regulation in MS is mainly attributable to a CD4(+) T-cell evasion caused by an impaired DNAX accessory molecule (DNAM)-1/CD155 interaction. Both the expression of the activating NK-cell receptor DNAM-1, a genetic alteration consistently found in MS-association studies, and up-regulation of the receptor's ligand CD155 on CD4(+) T cells are reduced in MS. Therapeutic immune modulation of IL-2 receptor restores impaired immune regulation in MS by increasing the proportion of CD155-expressing CD4(+) T cells and the cytolytic activity of NK cells.
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Chalan P, Bijzet J, Kroesen BJ, Boots AMH, Brouwer E. Altered Natural Killer Cell Subsets in Seropositive Arthralgia and Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Are Associated with Autoantibody Status. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:1008-16. [PMID: 27036380 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of natural killer (NK) cells in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unclear. Therefore, numerical and functional alterations of CD56(dim) and CD56(bright) NK cells in the early stages of RA development were studied. METHODS Whole blood samples from newly diagnosed, treatment-naive, seropositive (SP) and seronegative (SN) patients with RA (SP RA, n = 45 and SN RA, n = 12), patients with SP arthralgia (n = 30), and healthy controls (HC, n = 41) were assessed for numbers and frequencies of T cells, B cells, and NK cells. SP status was defined as positive for anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and/or rheumatoid factor (RF). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for further analysis of NK cell phenotype and function. RESULTS Total NK cell numbers were decreased in SP RA and SP arthralgia but not in SN RA. Also, NK cells from SP RA showed a decreased potency for interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. A selective decrease of CD56(dim), but not CD56(bright), NK cells in SP RA and SP arthralgia was observed. This prompted investigation of CD16 (FcγRIIIa) triggering in NK cell apoptosis and cytokine expression. In vitro, CD16 triggering induced apoptosis of CD56(dim) but not CD56(bright) NK cells from HC. This apoptosis was augmented by adding interleukin 2 (IL-2). Also, CD16 triggering in the presence of IL-2 stimulated IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α expression by CD56(dim) NK cells. CONCLUSION The decline of CD56(dim) NK cells in SP arthralgia and SP RA and the in vitro apoptosis of CD56(dim) NK cells upon CD16 triggering suggest a functional role of immunoglobulin G-containing autoantibody (anti-CCP and/or RF)-immune complexes in this process. Moreover, CD16-triggered cytokine production by CD56(dim) NK cells may contribute to systemic inflammation as seen in SP arthralgia and SP RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Chalan
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen
| | - Johan Bijzet
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen
| | - Bart-Jan Kroesen
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen
| | - Annemieke M H Boots
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen.
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.P. Chalan, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; J. Bijzet, BS, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; E. Brouwer, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; A.M. Boots, Prof., Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen; B.J. Kroesen, PhD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen
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Merkt W, Sturm P, Lasitschka F, Tretter T, Watzl C, Saure D, Hundemer M, Schwenger V, Blank N, Lorenz HM, Cerwenka A. Peripheral blood natural killer cell percentages in granulomatosis with polyangiitis correlate with disease inactivity and stage. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:337. [PMID: 26589807 PMCID: PMC4654817 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of CD3−CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is poorly understood. Recently, it has been shown that peripheral blood NK cells can kill renal microvascular endothelial cells, suggesting a pathogenic role of NK cells in this disease. So far, subset distribution, phenotype, and function of peripheral blood NK cells in relation to GPA disease activity have not been elucidated. Moreover, it is not known whether NK cells infiltrate GPA tissue lesions. Methods Paraffin sections of GPA granulomas and controls were stained with anti-CD56 and anti-CD3 antibodies. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. NK cell degranulation was analyzed using cocultures of patient PBMCs with target cells and surface expression of CD107a. Clinical data were extracted from medical records. Statistical analysis was performed in an exploratory way. Results CD56+ cells were not detectable in active granulomatous GPA lesions but were found frequently in granulomas from tuberculosis and sarcoidosis patients. In GPA, the proportion of NK cells among peripheral blood lymphocytes correlated negatively with the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) (n = 28). Accordingly, NK cell percentages correlated positively with the duration of remission (n = 28) and were significantly higher in inactive GPA (BVAS = 0, n = 17) than in active GPA, healthy controls (n = 29), and inactive control diseases (n = 12). The highest NK cell percentages were found in patients with long-term remission and tapered immunosuppressive therapy. NK cell percentages >18.5 % of peripheral blood lymphocytes (n = 12/28) determined GPA inactivity with a specificity of 100 %. The differentiation into CD56dim and CD56bright NK cell subsets was unchanged in GPA (n = 28), irrespective of disease activity. Similar surface expression of the activating NK cell-receptors (NKp30, NKp46, and NKG2D) was determined. Like in healthy controls, GPA NK cells degranulated in the presence of NK cell receptor ligand bearing epithelial and lymphatic target cells. Conclusions NK cells were not detectable in GPA granulomas. Peripheral blood NK cell percentages positively correlate with the suppression of GPA activity and could serve as a biomarker for GPA activity. Peripheral blood NK cells in GPA patients are mature NK cells with preserved immune recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Merkt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Innate Immunity Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Prisca Sturm
- Innate Immunity Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Theresa Tretter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Daniel Saure
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Vedat Schwenger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Blank
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hanns-Martin Lorenz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Innate Immunity Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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35
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Lin YL, Lin SC. Analysis of the CD161-expressing cell quantities and CD161 expression levels in peripheral blood natural killer and T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Clin Exp Med 2015; 17:101-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Tapia-Paniagua ST, Vidal S, Lobo C, García de la Banda I, Esteban MA, Balebona MC, Moriñigo MA. Dietary administration of the probiotic SpPdp11: Effects on the intestinal microbiota and immune-related gene expression of farmed Solea senegalensis treated with oxytetracycline. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:449-458. [PMID: 26190256 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Few antimicrobials are currently authorised in the aquaculture industry to treat infectious diseases. Among them, oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of the first-choice drugs for nearly all bacterial diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary administration of OTC both alone and jointly with the probiotic Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 (SpPdp11) on the intestinal microbiota and hepatic expression of genes related to immunity in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles. The results demonstrated that the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiota of fish treated with OTC decreased compared with those of the control group but that these effects were lessened by the simultaneous administration of SpPdp11. In addition, specimens that received OTC and SpPdp11 jointly showed a decreased intensity of the Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) bands related to Vibrio genus and the presence of DGGE bands related to Lactobacillus and Shewanella genera. The relationship among the intestinal microbiota of fish fed with control and OTC diets and the expression of the NADPH oxidase and CASPASE-6 genes was demonstrated by a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) carried out in this study. In contrast, a close relationship between the transcription of genes, such as NKEF, IGF-β, HSP70 and GP96, and the DGGE bands of fish treated jointly with OTC and SpPdp11 was observed in the PCA study. In summary, the results obtained in this study demonstrate that the administration of OTC results in the up-regulation of genes related to apoptosis but that the joint administration of OTC and S. putrefaciens Pdp11 increases the transcription of genes related to antiapoptotic effects and oxidative stress regulation. Further, a clear relationship between these changes and those detected in the intestinal microbiota is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Tapia-Paniagua
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - S Vidal
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - C Lobo
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of Santander, 39080 Santander, Spain
| | - I García de la Banda
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of Santander, 39080 Santander, Spain
| | - M A Esteban
- Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M C Balebona
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M A Moriñigo
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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37
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Groen B, van der Wijk AE, van den Berg PP, Lefrandt JD, van den Berg G, Sollie KM, de Vos P, Links TP, Faas MM. Immunological Adaptations to Pregnancy in Women with Type 1 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13618. [PMID: 26391604 PMCID: PMC4585728 DOI: 10.1038/srep13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite adequate glycemic control, pregnancy outcome of women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is still unfavorable as compared to healthy women. In a rat-model of T1D under normoglycemic conditions, adverse pregnancy outcome was also observed, which was associated with aberrant immunological adaptations to pregnancy. Because similar processes may occur in women with T1D we studied the systemic immune response in non-pregnant and pregnant women with and without T1D. The systemic immune response was assessed by using flow cytometry to evaluate the number and activational status of subpopulations of lymphocytes, Natural Killer cells and monocytes in peripheral blood of non-pregnant and pregnant women with and without T1D. An increased white blood cell count, an increased Th1/Th2 ratio, increased Natural Killer cell expression of CD335 and enhanced activation of intermediate and non-classical monocytes was observed in pregnant women with T1D vs. healthy pregnant women. Also, the pregnancy outcome (i.e. incidence of preterm delivery and macrosomia) of women with T1D was unfavorable as compared to healthy women. This study showed that in T1D, the immunological adaptations to pregnancy are disturbed. In addition to hyperglycemia, these different immunological adaptations may be responsible for the greater frequency of complications in pregnant women with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Groen
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Eva van der Wijk
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Div. of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Paul P van den Berg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Joop D Lefrandt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit van den Berg
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Krystina M Sollie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Div. of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Thera P Links
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke M Faas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Div. of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
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38
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Rydyznski CE, Waggoner SN. Boosting vaccine efficacy the natural (killer) way. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:536-46. [PMID: 26272882 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of the innate and adaptive immune systems is paramount to the development of protective humoral and cellular immunity following vaccination. Natural killer (NK) cells are front-line soldiers of the innate immune system, and recent studies have revealed functions for NK cells in long-lived immune memory and the regulation of adaptive immune responses. These findings suggest that NK cells may play important roles in the development of efficacious vaccines, as well as, in some contexts, failed immunizations. Here, we review the current understanding of the immunomodulatory and memory differentiation capabilities of NK cells. We examine the context dependency of the mechanisms and the nature of NK cell-mediated modulation of the immune response, and discuss how these insights may impact immunization strategies and the development of next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Rydyznski
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE) and Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, S6.214, MLC 15012, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE) and Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, S6.214, MLC 15012, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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39
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Schuster IS, Wikstrom ME, Brizard G, Coudert JD, Estcourt MJ, Manzur M, O'Reilly LA, Smyth MJ, Trapani JA, Hill GR, Andoniou CE, Degli-Esposti MA. TRAIL+ NK cells control CD4+ T cell responses during chronic viral infection to limit autoimmunity. Immunity 2015; 41:646-56. [PMID: 25367576 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have been reported to control adaptive immune responses that occur in lymphoid organs at the early stages of immune challenge. The physiological purpose of such regulatory activity remains unclear, because it generally does not confer a survival advantage. We found that NK cells specifically eliminated activated CD4(+) T cells in the salivary gland during chronic murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. This was dependent on TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression by NK cells. Although NK cell-mediated deletion of CD4(+) T cells prolonged the chronicity of infection, it also constrained viral-induced autoimmunity. In the absence of this activity, chronic infection was associated with a Sjogren's-like syndrome characterized by focal lymphocytic infiltration into the glands, production of autoantibodies, and reduced saliva and tear secretion. Thus, NK cells are an important homeostatic control that balances the efficacy of adaptive immune responses with the risk of developing autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona S Schuster
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Matthew E Wikstrom
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Geraldine Brizard
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jerome D Coudert
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Marie J Estcourt
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mitali Manzur
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O'Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Christopher E Andoniou
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
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40
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Galazka G, Jurewicz A, Domowicz M, Cannella B, Raine CS, Selmaj K. HINT1 peptide/Hsp70 complex induces NK-cell-dependent immunoregulation in a model of autoimmune demyelination. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3026-44. [PMID: 25092109 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) interact with the immune system and have been shown to contribute to immunoregulation. As efficient chaperones, Hsps bind many peptides and these complexes have many yet-to-be-clarified functions. We have shown that Hsp70 is complexed within the mouse CNS with peptide CLAFHDISPQAPTHFLVIPK derived from histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein-1 (HINT1₃₈₋₅₇/Hsp70). Only this complex, in contrast to other peptides complexed with Hsp70, was able to prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by induction of immunoregulatory mechanisms dependent on NK cells. Pretreatment of proteolipid protein peptide ₁₃₉₋₁₅₁(PLP₁₃₉₋₁₅₁) sensitized SJL/J mice with HINT1₃₈₋₅₇/Hsp70 prevented the development of EAE, suppressed PLP₁₃₉₋₁₅₁-induced T-cell proliferation, and blocked secretion of IL-17. HINT1₃₈₋₅₇ /Hsp70 stimulation of NK cells depended on synergistic activation of two NK-cell receptors, CD94 and NKG2D. NK cells with depleted CD94 or with blocked NKG2D did not inhibit PLP₁₃₉₋₁₅₁-induced spleen cell (SC) proliferation. The HINT1₃₈₋₅₇/Hsp70 complex enhanced surface expression of the NKG2D ligand-H60. Downstream signaling of CD94 and NKG2D converged at the adaptor proteins DAP10 and DAP12, and in response to HINT1₃₈₋₅₇ /Hsp70 stimulation, expression of DAP10 and DAP12 was significantly increased in NK cells. Thus, we have shown that the HINT1₃₈₋₅₇ /Hsp70 complex affects NK-cell function by enhancing NK-cell-dependent immunoregulation in the EAE model of autoimmune demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Galazka
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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41
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Lin L, Ma C, Wei B, Aziz N, Rajalingam R, Yusung S, Erlich HA, Trachtenberg EA, Targan SR, McGovern DPB, Heath JR, Braun J. Human NK cells licensed by killer Ig receptor genes have an altered cytokine program that modifies CD4+ T cell function. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:940-9. [PMID: 24935928 PMCID: PMC4096688 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are innate immune cells known for their cytolytic activities toward tumors and infections. They are capable of expressing diverse killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs), and KIRs are implicated in susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease. However, the cellular mechanism of this genetic contribution is unknown. In this study, we show that the "licensing" of NK cells, determined by the presence of KIR2DL3 and homozygous HLA-C1 in host genome, results in their cytokine reprogramming, which permits them to promote CD4(+) T cell activation and Th17 differentiation ex vivo. Microfluidic analysis of thousands of NK single cells and bulk secretions established that licensed NK cells are more polarized to proinflammatory cytokine production than unlicensed NK cells, including production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, CCL-5, and MIP-1β. Cytokines produced by licensed NK augmented CD4(+) T cell proliferation and IL-17A/IL-22 production. Ab blocking indicated a primary role for IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the augmented T cell-proliferative response. In conclusion, NK licensing mediated by KIR2DL2/3 and HLA-C1 elicits a novel NK cytokine program that activates and induces proinflammatory CD4(+) T cells, thereby providing a potential biologic mechanism for KIR-associated susceptibility to CD and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Chao Ma
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Najib Aziz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Susy Yusung
- Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Henry A Erlich
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609
| | | | - Stephan R Targan
- Translational Genomics Group, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- Translational Genomics Group, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048; Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - James R Heath
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
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42
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Alvarez M, Bouchlaka MN, Sckisel GD, Sungur CM, Chen M, Murphy WJ. Increased antitumor effects using IL-2 with anti-TGF-β reveals competition between mouse NK and CD8 T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1709-16. [PMID: 25000978 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of increasing interest in the removal of immunosuppressive pathways in cancer, the combination of IL-2 with Abs to neutralize TGF-β, a potent immunosuppressive cytokine, was assessed. Combination immunotherapy resulted in significantly greater antitumor effects. These were correlated with significant increases in the numbers and functionality of NK cells, NK cell progenitors, and activated CD8 T cells, resulting in the observed antitumor effects. Combination immunotherapy also was accompanied by lesser toxicities than was IL-2 therapy alone. Additionally, we observed a dual competition between NK cells and activated CD8 T cells such that, after immunotherapy, the depletion of either effector population resulted in the increased total expansion of the other population and compensatory antitumor effects. This study demonstrates the efficacy of this combination immunotherapeutic regimen as a promising cancer therapy and illustrates the existence of potent competitive regulatory pathways between NK cells and CD8 T cells in response to systemic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Alvarez
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Myriam N Bouchlaka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Gail D Sckisel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Can M Sungur
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817; and
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
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43
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Ben Fredj N, Rizzo R, Bortolotti D, Nefzi F, Chebel S, Rotola A, Frih-Ayed M, Di Luca D, Aouni M. Evaluation of the implication of KIR2DL2 receptor in multiple sclerosis and herpesvirus susceptibility. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 271:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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44
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Holzapfel KL, Tyznik AJ, Kronenberg M, Hogquist KA. Antigen-dependent versus -independent activation of invariant NKT cells during infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5490-8. [PMID: 24813205 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD1d-reactive invariant NKT cells (iNKT) play a vital role in determining the characteristics of immune responses to infectious agents. Previous reports suggest that iNKT cell activation during infection can be: 1) solely driven by cytokines from innate immune cells, 2) require microbial Ag, or 3) require self-Ag. In this study, we examined the role of Ag receptor stimulation in iNKT cells during several bacterial and viral infections. To test for Ag receptor signaling, Nur77(gfp) BAC transgenic mice, which upregulate GFP in response to Ag receptor but not inflammatory signals, were analyzed. iNKT cells in the reporter mice infected with mouse CMV produced IFN-γ but did not upregulate GFP, consistent with their reported CD1d-independent activation. However, two bacteria known to produce lipid Ags for iNKT cells induced GFP expression and cytokine production. In contrast, although Salmonella typhimurium was proposed to induce the presentation of a self-lipid, iNKT cells produced IFN-γ but did not upregulate GFP postinfection in vivo. Even in CD1d-deficient hosts, iNKT cells were still able to produce IFN-γ after S. typhimurium infection. Furthermore, although it has been proposed that endogenous lipid presentation is a result of TLR stimulation of APCs, injection of different TLR agonists led to iNKT cell IFN-γ but not increased GFP expression. These data indicate that robust iNKT cell responses to bacteria, as well as viruses, can be obtained in the absence of antigenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli L Holzapfel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Aaron J Tyznik
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
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45
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Xu H, Li XL, Yue LT, Li H, Zhang M, Wang S, Wang CC, Duan RS. Therapeutic potential of atorvastatin-modified dendritic cells in experimental autoimmune neuritis by decreased Th1/Th17 cytokines and up-regulated T regulatory cells and NKR-P1(+) cells. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 269:28-37. [PMID: 24565076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Statins have pleiotropic effects which include anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In the present study, dendritic cells treated with atorvastatin (statin-DCs) could be induced into tolerogenic DCs. Administration of these tolerogenic DCs ameliorated clinical symptoms in experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), which was associated with reduced number of inflammatory cells in sciatic nerves, inhibited CD4(+) T cells proliferation, down-regulated expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) and MHC class II, decreased levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17A, increased number of NKR-P1(+) cells (including NK and NKT cells), up-regulated number of Treg cells in lymph node MNC as well as increased Foxp3 expression in the thymus. These data indicated that statin-DCs could develop as a new therapeutic strategy to GBS in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atorvastatin
- Cattle
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Heptanoic Acids/pharmacology
- Heptanoic Acids/therapeutic use
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B/immunology
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B/metabolism
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Pyrroles/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China; Taian City Central Hospital, Taian 271000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Long-Tao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Cong-Cong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Rui-Sheng Duan
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
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Bettencourt A, Silva AM, Carvalho C, Leal B, Santos E, Costa PP, Silva BM. The role of KIR2DS1 in multiple sclerosis--KIR in Portuguese MS patients. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 269:52-5. [PMID: 24529855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) genes may influence both resistance and susceptibility to different autoimmune diseases, but their role in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is still unclear. We investigated the influence of KIR genes on MS susceptibility in 447 MS Portuguese patients, and also whether genetic interactions between specific KIR genes and their HLA class I ligands could contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. We observed a negative association between the activating KIR2DS1 gene and MS (adjusted OR=0.450, p=0.030) independently from the presence of HLA-DRB1*15 allele. The activating KIR2DS1 receptor seems to confer protection against MS most probably through modulation of autoreactive T cells by Natural Killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Bettencourt
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UPorto), Porto Portugal.
| | - Ana Martins Silva
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UPorto), Porto Portugal; Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto - Hospital de Santo António (CHP-HSA), Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Carvalho
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UPorto), Porto Portugal
| | - Bárbara Leal
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UPorto), Porto Portugal
| | - Ernestina Santos
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Porto - Hospital de Santo António (CHP-HSA), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo P Costa
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UPorto), Porto Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Porto, Portugal
| | - Berta M Silva
- UMIB - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UPorto), Porto Portugal
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DNAM-1 control of natural killer cells functions through nectin and nectin-like proteins. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 92:237-44. [PMID: 24343663 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells represent key innate immune cells that restrain viral infection and malignant transformation and help mount an adaptive immune response. To perform such complicated tasks, NK cells express a wide set of inhibitory and activating receptors that alert them against cellular stress without damaging healthy cells. A new family of receptors that recognize nectin and nectin-like molecules has recently emerged as a critical regulator of NK cell functions. The most famous member of this family, DNAX accessory molecule (DNAM-1, CD226), is an adhesion molecule that control NK cell cytotoxicity and interferon-γ production against a wide range of cancer and infected cells. Its ligands CD112 and CD155 have been described in different pathological conditions, and recent evidence indicates that their expression is regulated by cellular stress. Additional receptors have been shown to bind DNAM-1 ligands and modulate NK cell functions bringing another level of complexity. These include CD96 (TACTILE) and TIGIT (WUCAM, VSTM3). Here, we review the role of DNAM-1, TIGIT and CD96 in NK cell biology summarizing the recent advances made on the role of these receptors in various pathologies, such as cancer, viral infections and autoimmunity.
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Plantone D, Marti A, Frisullo G, Iorio R, Damato V, Nociti V, Patanella AK, Bianco A, Mirabella M, Batocchi AP. Circulating CD56dim NK cells expressing perforin are increased in progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 265:124-7. [PMID: 24157130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the percentages of CD3(-)CD56(bright), CD3(-)CD56(dim), CD3(-)CD56(bright)perforin(+) and CD3(-)CD56(dim)perforin(+) Natural Killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood from untreated secondary progressive (SP) and primary progressive (PP) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and age and sex matched healthy subjects. Both PPMS patients and SPMS patients showed increased percentages of circulating CD3(-)CD56(dim)perforin(+) NK cells than healthy subjects. The increased percentage of CD3(-)CD56(dim) NK cells expressing perforin in patients affected by the progressive forms of MS suggests a possible role of this NK cell subpopulation in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Jungraithmayr W, Codarri L, Bouchaud G, Krieg C, Boyman O, Gyülvészi G, Becher B, Weder W, Münz C. Cytokine complex-expanded natural killer cells improve allogeneic lung transplant function via depletion of donor dendritic cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187:1349-59. [PMID: 23590269 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201209-1749oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that target virus-infected and tumor cells. Much less is known about their ability to limit adaptive immune responses. OBJECTIVES Thus, we investigated to what extent NK cells can influence mouse lung allograft rejection. METHODS For this purpose, we employed an orthotopic lung transplantation model in mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We demonstrate here that NK cells infiltrate mouse lung allografts before T cells and thereby diminished allograft inflammation, and that NK-cell deficiency enhanced allograft rejection. In contrast, expansion of recipient NK cells through IL-15/IL-15Rα complex treatment resulted in decreased T-cell infiltration and alloreactive T-cell priming as well as improved function of the allogeneic lung transplant. Only perforin-competent, but not perforin-deficient, NK cells were able to transfer these beneficial effects into transplanted NK cell-deficient IL-15Rα(-/-) mice. These NK cells killed allogeneic dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and significantly decreased the number of allogeneic DCs in transplanted lungs in vivo. Furthermore, DC-depleted lung allografts presented decreased signs of rejection. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NK cells favor allograft acceptance by depleting donor-derived DCs, which otherwise would prime alloreactive T-cell responses. Thus, conditioning regimens that augment NK-cell reactivity should be clinically explored to prepare lung allograft recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Interferon-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis: the short-term and long-term effects on the patients' individual gene expression in peripheral blood. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:737-56. [PMID: 23636981 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Therapy with interferon-beta (IFN-beta) is a mainstay in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), with proven long-term effectiveness and safety. Much has been learned about the molecular mechanisms of action of IFN-beta in the past years. Previous studies described more than a hundred genes to be modulated in expression in blood cells in response to the therapy. However, for many of these genes, the precise temporal expression pattern and the therapeutic relevance are unclear. We used Affymetrix microarrays to investigate in more detail the gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients receiving subcutaneous IFN-beta-1a. The blood samples were obtained longitudinally at five different time points up to 2 years after the start of therapy, and the patients were clinically followed up for 5 years. We examined the functions of the genes that were upregulated or downregulated at the transcript level after short-term or long-term treatment. Moreover, we analyzed their mutual interactions and their regulation by transcription factors. Compared to pretreatment levels, 96 genes were identified as highly differentially expressed, many of them already after the first IFN-beta injection. The interactions between these genes form a large network with multiple feedback loops, indicating the complex crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses during therapy. We discuss the genes and biological processes that might be important to reduce disease activity by attenuating the proliferation of autoreactive immune cells and their migration into the central nervous system. In summary, we present novel insights that extend the current knowledge on the early and late pharmacodynamic effects of IFN-beta therapy and describe gene expression differences between the individual patients that reflect clinical heterogeneity.
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