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Jarosch S, Köhlen J, Ghimire S, Orberg ET, Hammel M, Gaag D, Evert M, Janssen KP, Hiergeist A, Gessner A, Weber D, Meedt E, Poeck H, D'Ippolito E, Holler E, Busch DH. Multimodal immune cell phenotyping in GI biopsies reveals microbiome-related T cell modulations in human GvHD. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101125. [PMID: 37467715 PMCID: PMC10394271 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a significant complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT), but major factors determining disease severity are not well defined yet. By combining multiplexed tissue imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing on gastrointestinal biopsies from aHSCT-treated individuals with fecal microbiome analysis, we link high microbiome diversity and the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria to the sustenance of suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, aGvHD severity strongly associates with the clonal expansion of mainly CD8 T cells, which we find distributed over anatomically distant regions of the gut, persistent over time, and inversely correlated with the presence of suppressive Tregs. Overall, our study highlights the pathophysiological importance of expanded CD8 T cell clones in the progression of aGvHD toward more severe clinical manifestations and strongly supports the further development of microbiome interventions as GvHD treatment via repopulation of the gut Treg niche to suppress inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jarosch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Jan Köhlen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sakhila Ghimire
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erik Thiele Orberg
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar TUM, 81675 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monika Hammel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Gaag
- Institute for Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute for Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiergeist
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Meedt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Immuntherapie (LIT), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elvira D'Ippolito
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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2
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Koster EAS, von dem Borne PA, van Balen P, van Egmond EHM, Marijt EWA, Veld SAJ, Jedema I, Snijders TJF, van Lammeren D, Veelken H, Falkenburg JHF, de Wreede LC, Halkes CJM. Competitive Repopulation and Allo-Immunologic Pressure Determine Chimerism Kinetics after T Cell-Depleted Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation and Donor Lymphocyte Infusion. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:268.e1-268.e10. [PMID: 36587743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
After allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), patient-derived stem cells that survived the pretransplantation conditioning compete with engrafting donor stem cells for bone marrow (BM) repopulation. In addition, donor-derived alloreactive T cells present in the stem cell product may favor establishment of complete donor-derived hematopoiesis by eliminating patient-derived lymphohematopoietic cells. T cell-depleted alloSCT with sequential transfer of potentially alloreactive T cells by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) provides a unique opportunity to selectively study how competitive repopulation and allo-immunologic pressure influence lymphohematopoietic recovery. This study aimed to determine the relative contribution of competitive repopulation and donor-derived anti-recipient alloimmunologic pressure on the establishment of lymphohematopoietic chimerism after alloSCT. In this retrospective cohort study of 281 acute leukemia patients treated according to a protocol combining alemtuzumab-based T cell-depleted alloSCT with prophylactic DLI, we investigated engraftment and quantitative donor chimerism in the BM and immune cell subsets. DLI-induced increase of chimerism and development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were analyzed as complementary indicators for donor-derived anti-recipient alloimmunologic pressure. Profound suppression of patient immune cells by conditioning sufficed for sustained engraftment without necessity for myeloablative conditioning or development of clinically significant GVHD. Although 61% of the patients without any DLI or GVHD showed full donor chimerism (FDC) in the BM at 6 months after alloSCT, only 24% showed FDC in the CD4+ T cell compartment. In contrast, 75% of the patients who had received DLI and 83% of the patients with clinically significant GVHD had FDC in this compartment. In addition, 72% of the patients with mixed hematopoiesis receiving DLI converted to complete donor-derived hematopoiesis, of whom only 34% developed clinically significant GVHD. Our data show that competitive repopulation can be sufficient to reach complete donor-derived hematopoiesis, but that some alloimmunologic pressure is needed for the establishment of a completely donor-derived T cell compartment, either by the development of GVHD or by administration of DLI. We illustrate that it is possible to separate the graft-versus-leukemia effect from GVHD, as conversion to durable complete donor-derived hematopoiesis following DLI did not require induction of clinically significant GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva A S Koster
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Peter van Balen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik W A Marijt
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina A J Veld
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Jedema
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J F Snijders
- Department of Hematology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hendrik Veelken
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Liesbeth C de Wreede
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Su Y, Sun X, Liu X, Qu Q, Yang L, Chen Q, Liu F, Li Y, Wang Q, Huang B, Huang XH, Zhang XJ. hUC-EVs-ATO reduce the severity of acute GVHD by resetting inflammatory macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:99. [PMID: 35864538 PMCID: PMC9306027 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cell-derived human umbilical cords (hUC-EVs) and arsenic trioxides (ATOs) have been demonstrated to treat acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) via immunomodulation. Apart from immunomodulation, hUC-EVs have a unique function of drug delivery, which has been proposed to enhance their efficacy. In this study, we first prepared ATO-loaded hUC-EVs (hUC-EVs-ATO) to investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of hUC-EVs-ATO in a mouse model of aGVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods An aGVHD model was established to observe the therapeutic effects of hUC-EVs-ATO on aGVHD. Target organs were harvested for histopathological analysis on day 14 after transplantation. The effects of hUC-EVs-ATO on alloreactive CD4+ were evaluated by flow cytometry in vivo and in vitro. Flow cytometry, RT-PCR, immunofluorescence colocalization analysis and Western blot (Wb) analysis were performed to examine macrophage polarization after hUC-EV-ATO treatment. The cytokines in serum were measured by a cytometric bead array (CBA). TEM, confocal microscopy and Wb were performed to observe the level of autophagy in macrophages. A graft-versus-lymphoma (GVL) mouse model was established to observe the role of hUC-EVs-ATO in the GVL effect. Results The clinical manifestations and histological scores of aGVHD in the hUC-EVs-ATO group were significantly reduced compared with those in the ATO and hUC-EVs groups. The mice receiving hUC-EVs-ATO lived longer than the control mice. Notably, hUC-EVs-ATO interfering with alloreactive CD4+ T cells differentiation were observed in aGVHD mice but not in an in vitro culture system. Additional studies showed that depletion of macrophages blocked the therapeutic effects of hUC-EVs-ATO on aGVHD. Mechanistically, hUC-EVs-ATO induced autophagic flux by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity to repolarize M1 to M2 macrophages. Additionally, using a murine model of GVL effects, hUC-EVs-ATO were found not only to reduce the severity of aGVHD but also to preserve the GVL effects. Taken together, hUC-EVs-ATO may be promising candidates for aGVHD treatment. Conclusions hUC-EVs-ATO enhanced the alleviation of aGVHD severity in mice compared with ATO and hUC-EVs without weakening GVL activity. hUC-EVs-ATO promoted M1 to M2 polarization via the mTOR-autophagy pathway. hUC-EVs-ATO could be a potential therapeutic approach in aGVHD after allo-HSCT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01315-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Sun
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyuan Qu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqi Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yueying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Qianfei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.
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Chen JM, Huang QY, Zhao YX, Chen WH, Lin S, Shi QY. The Latest Developments in Immunomodulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Intrauterine Adhesions, Both Allogeneic and Autologous. Front Immunol 2021; 12:785717. [PMID: 34868069 PMCID: PMC8634714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is an endometrial fibrosis disease caused by repeated operations of the uterus and is a common cause of female infertility. In recent years, treatment using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been proposed by many researchers and is now widely used in clinics because of the low immunogenicity of MSCs. It is believed that allogeneic MSCs can be used to treat IUA because MSCs express only low levels of MHC class I molecules and no MHC class II or co-stimulatory molecules. However, many scholars still believe that the use of allogeneic MSCs to treat IUA may lead to immune rejection. Compared with allogeneic MSCs, autologous MSCs are safer, more ethical, and can better adapt to the body. Here, we review recently published articles on the immunomodulation of allogeneic and autologous MSCs in IUA therapy, with the aim of proving that the use of autologous MSCs can reduce the possibility of immune rejection in the treatment of IUAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Yi Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shenzhen Hospital of University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Hong Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi-Yang Shi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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5
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Jiang H, Fu D, Bidgoli A, Paczesny S. T Cell Subsets in Graft Versus Host Disease and Graft Versus Tumor. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761448. [PMID: 34675938 PMCID: PMC8525316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an essential therapeutic modality for patients with hematological malignancies and other blood disorders. Unfortunately, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a major source of morbidity and mortality following allo-HCT, which limits its use in a broader spectrum of patients. Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) also remains the most common long-term complication of allo-HCT, occurring in reportedly 30-70% of patients surviving more than 100 days. Chronic GVHD is also the leading cause of non-relapse mortality (NRM) occurring more than 2 years after HCT for malignant disease. Graft versus tumor (GVT) is a major component of the overall beneficial effects of allogeneic HCT in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Better understanding of GVHD pathogenesis is important to identify new therapeutic targets for GVHD prevention and therapy. Emerging data suggest opposing roles for different T cell subsets, e.g., IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Th1 and Tc1), IL-4 producing T cells (Th2 and Tc2), IL-17 producing T cells (Th17 and Tc17), IL-9 producing T cells (Th9 and Tc9), IL-22 producing T cells (Th22), T follicular helper cells (Tfh), regulatory T-cells (Treg) and tissue resident memory T cells (Trm) in GVHD and GVT etiology. In this review, we first summarize the general description of the cytokine signals that promote the differentiation of T cell subsets and the roles of these T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of GVHD. Next, we extensively explore preclinical findings of T cell subsets in both GVHD/GVT animal models and humans. Finally, we address recent findings about the roles of T-cell subsets in clinical GVHD and current strategies to modulate T-cell differentiation for treating and preventing GVHD in patients. Further exploring and outlining the immune biology of T-cell differentiation in GVHD that will provide more therapeutic options for maintaining success of allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Denggang Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Alan Bidgoli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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6
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El-Shaqanqery HE, Mohamed RH, Sayed AA. Mitochondrial Effects on Seeds of Cancer Survival in Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:745924. [PMID: 34692527 PMCID: PMC8529120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.745924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer metabolic alteration is considered a hallmark and fast becoming a road for therapeutic intervention. Mitochondria have been regarded as essential cell elements that fuel the metabolic needs of most cancer cell types. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are a heterogeneous, highly self-renewing, and pluripotent cell population within leukemic cells. The most important source of ATP and metabolites to fulfill the bioenergetics and biosynthetic needs of most cancer stem cells is the mitochondria. In addition, mitochondria have a core role in autophagy and cell death and are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Overall, growing evidence now shows that mitochondrial activities and pathways have changed to adapt with different types of leukemia, thus mitochondrial metabolism could be targeted for blood malignancy therapy. This review focuses on the function of mitochondria in LSC of the different leukemia types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Sayed
- Genomics Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Repurposing a novel anti-cancer RXR agonist to attenuate murine acute GVHD and maintain graft-versus-leukemia responses. Blood 2021; 137:1090-1103. [PMID: 32976550 PMCID: PMC7907720 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor (NR) subclass, retinoid X receptors (RXRs), exert immunomodulatory functions that control inflammation and metabolism via homodimers and heterodimers, with several other NRs, including retinoic acid receptors. IRX4204 is a novel, highly specific RXR agonist in clinical trials that potently and selectively activates RXR homodimers, but not heterodimers. In this study, in vivo IRX4204 compared favorably with FK506 in abrogating acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which was associated with inhibiting allogeneic donor T-cell proliferation, reducing T-helper 1 differentiation, and promoting regulatory T-cell (Treg) generation. Recipient IRX4204 treatment reduced intestinal injury and decreased IFN-γ and TNF-α serum levels. Transcriptional analysis of donor T cells isolated from intestines of GVHD mice treated with IRX4204 revealed significant decreases in transcripts regulating proinflammatory pathways. In vitro, inducible Treg differentiation from naive CD4+ T cells was enhanced by IRX4204. In vivo, IRX4204 increased the conversion of donor Foxp3- T cells into peripheral Foxp3+ Tregs in GVHD mice. Using Foxp3 lineage-tracer mice in which both the origin and current FoxP3 expression of Tregs can be tracked, we demonstrated that IRX4204 supports Treg stability. Despite favoring Tregs and reducing Th1 differentiation, IRX4204-treated recipients maintained graft-versus-leukemia responses against both leukemia and lymphoma cells. Notably, IRX4204 reduced in vitro human T-cell proliferation and enhanced Treg generation in mixed lymphocyte reaction cultures. Collectively, these beneficial effects indicate that targeting RXRs with IRX4204 could be a novel approach to preventing acute GVHD in the clinic.
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8
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Otsuka S, Melis N, Gaida MM, Dutta D, Weigert R, Ashwell JD. Calcineurin inhibitors suppress acute graft-versus-host disease via NFAT-independent inhibition of T cell receptor signaling. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:147683. [PMID: 33822776 DOI: 10.1172/jci147683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of calcineurin phosphatase activity (CNIs) such as cyclosporin A (CsA) are widely used to treat tissue transplant rejection and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), for which inhibition of gene expression dependent on nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is the mechanistic paradigm. We recently reported that CNIs inhibit TCR-proximal signaling by preventing calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of LckS59, an inhibitory modification, raising the possibility of another mechanism by which CNIs suppress immune responses. Here we used T cells from mice that express LckS59A, which cannot accept a phosphate at residue 59, to initiate aGVHD. Although CsA inhibited NFAT-dependent gene upregulation in allo-aggressive T cells expressing either LckWT or LckS59A, it was ineffective in treating disease when the T cells expressed LckS59A. Two important NFAT-independent T cell functions were found to be CsA-resistant in LckS59A T cells: upregulation of the cytolytic protein perforin in tissue-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and antigen-specific T/DC adhesion and clustering in lymph nodes. These results demonstrate that effective treatment of aGVHD by CsA requires NFAT-independent inhibition of TCR signaling. Given that NFATs are widely expressed and off-target effects are a major limitation in CNI use, it is possible that targeting TCR-associated calcineurin directly may provide effective therapies with less toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Melis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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9
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In vivo dynamics of T cells and their interactions with dendritic cells in mouse cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2082-2092. [PMID: 31296496 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). By static microscopy, cutaneous GVHD lesions contain a mix of T cells and myeloid cells. We used 2-photon intravital microscopy to investigate the dynamics of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and donor dendritic cells (DCs) in cutaneous GVHD lesions in an MHC-matched, multiple minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched (miHA) model. The majority of CD4 and CD8 cells were stationary, and few cells entered and stopped or were stopped and left the imaged volumes. CD8 cells made TCR:MHCI-dependent interactions with CD11c+ cells, as measured by the durations that CD8 cells contacted MHCI+ vs MHCI- DCs. The acute deletion of Langerin+CD103+ DCs, which were relatively rare, did not affect CD8 cell motility and DC contact times, indicating that Langerin-CD103- DCs provide stop signals to CD8 cells. CD4 cells, in contrast, had similar contact durations with MHCII+ and MHCII- DCs. However, CD4 motility rapidly increased after the infusion of an MHCII-blocking antibody, indicating that TCR signaling actively suppressed CD4 movements. Many CD4 cells still were stationary after anti-MHCII antibody infusion, suggesting CD4 cell heterogeneity within the lesion. These data support a model of local GVHD maintenance within target tissues.
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10
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Thangavelu G, Du J, Paz KG, Loschi M, Zaiken MC, Flynn R, Taylor PA, Kirchmeier AK, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Luznik L, MacDonald KP, Hill GR, Maillard I, Munn DH, Serody JS, Murphy WJ, Miklos D, Cutler CS, Koreth J, Antin JH, Soiffer RJ, Ritz J, Dahlberg C, Miller AT, Blazar BR. Inhibition of inositol kinase B controls acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2020; 135:28-40. [PMID: 31697815 PMCID: PMC6940197 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell activation releases inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), inducing cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) influx. In turn, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (Itpkb) phosphorylates IP3 to negatively regulate and thereby tightly control Ca2+ fluxes that are essential for mature T-cell activation and differentiation and protection from cell death. Itpkb pathway inhibition increases intracellular Ca2+, induces apoptosis of activated T cells, and can control T-cell-mediated autoimmunity. In this study, we employed genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit Itpkb signaling as a means of controlling graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Murine-induced, Itpkb-deleted (Itpkb-/-) T cells attenuated acute GVHD in 2 models without eliminating A20-luciferase B-cell lymphoma graft-versus-leukemia (GVL). A highly potent, selective inhibitor, GNF362, ameliorated acute GVHD without impairing GVL against 2 acute myeloid leukemia lines (MLL-AF9-eGFP and C1498-luciferase). Compared with FK506, GNF362 more selectively deleted donor alloreactive vs nominal antigen-responsive T cells. Consistent with these data and as compared with FK506, GNF362 had favorable acute GVHD and GVL properties against MLL-AF9-eGFP cells. In chronic GVHD preclinical models that have a pathophysiology distinct from acute GVHD, Itpkb-/- donor T cells reduced active chronic GVHD in a multiorgan system model of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), driven by germinal center reactions and resulting in target organ fibrosis. GNF362 treatment reduced active chronic GVHD in both BO and scleroderma models. Thus, intact Itpkb signaling is essential to drive acute GVHD pathogenesis and sustain active chronic GVHD, pointing toward a novel clinical application to prevent acute or treat chronic GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jing Du
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Katelyn G Paz
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael Loschi
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael C Zaiken
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ryan Flynn
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Patricia A Taylor
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Andrew Kemal Kirchmeier
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Leo Luznik
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kelli P MacDonald
- Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center and
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - David Miklos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Corey S Cutler
- Stem Cell/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - John Koreth
- Stem Cell/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Joseph H Antin
- Stem Cell/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Robert J Soiffer
- Stem Cell/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Stem Cell/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Carol Dahlberg
- The Genomics Institute, Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, CA
| | - Andrew T Miller
- The Genomics Institute, Novartis Research Foundation (GNF), San Diego, CA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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11
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Hollmann C, Wiese T, Dennstädt F, Fink J, Schneider-Schaulies J, Beyersdorf N. Translational Approaches Targeting Ceramide Generation From Sphingomyelin in T Cells to Modulate Immunity in Humans. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2363. [PMID: 31681273 PMCID: PMC6798155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In T cells, as in all other cells of the body, sphingolipids form important structural components of membranes. Due to metabolic modifications, sphingolipids additionally play an active part in the signaling of cell surface receptors of T cells like the T cell receptor or the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. Moreover, the sphingolipid composition of their membranes crucially affects the integrity and function of subcellular compartments such as the lysosome. Previously, studying sphingolipid metabolism has been severely hampered by the limited number of analytical methods/model systems available. Besides well-established high resolution mass spectrometry new tools are now available like novel minimally modified sphingolipid subspecies for click chemistry as well as recently generated mouse mutants with deficiencies/overexpression of sphingolipid-modifying enzymes. Making use of these tools we and others discovered that the sphingolipid sphingomyelin is metabolized to ceramide to different degrees in distinct T cell subpopulations of mice and humans. This knowledge has already been translated into novel immunomodulatory approaches in mice and will in the future hopefully also be applicable to humans. In this paper we are, thus, summarizing the most recent findings on the impact of sphingolipid metabolism on T cell activation, differentiation, and effector functions. Moreover, we are discussing the therapeutic concepts arising from these insights and drugs or drug candidates which are already in clinical use or could be developed for clinical use in patients with diseases as distant as major depression and chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hollmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Wiese
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Dennstädt
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Fink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Effectiveness of intra-arterial steroid administration for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:301-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Du W, Cao X. Cytotoxic Pathways in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2979. [PMID: 30631325 PMCID: PMC6315278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematologic malignancies, and other hematologic and immunologic diseases. Donor-derived immune cells identify and attack cancer cells in the patient producing a unique graft-vs.-tumor (GVT) effect. This beneficial response renders allo-HCT one of the most effective forms of tumor immunotherapy. However, alloreactive donor T cells can damage normal host cells thereby causing graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), which results in substantial morbidity and mortality. To date, GVHD remains as the major obstacle for more successful application of allo-HCT. Of special significance in this context are a number of cytotoxic pathways that are involved in GVHD and GVT response as well as donor cell engraftment. In this review, we summarize progress in the investigation of these cytotoxic pathways, including Fas/Fas ligand (FasL), perforin/granzyme, and cytokine pathways. Many studies have delineated their distinct operating mechanisms and how they are involved in the complex cellular interactions amongst donor, host, tumor, and infectious pathogens. Driven by progressing elucidation of their contributions in immune reconstitution and regulation, various interventional strategies targeting these pathways have entered translational stages with aims to improve the effectiveness of allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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14
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Liu FD, Tam K, Pishesha N, Poon Z, Van Vliet KJ. Improving hematopoietic recovery through modeling and modulation of the mesenchymal stromal cell secretome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:268. [PMID: 30352620 PMCID: PMC6199758 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient and sustained hematopoietic recovery after hematopoietic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation is supported by paracrine signaling from specific subpopulations of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Here, we considered whether in vitro mechanopriming of human MSCs could be administered to predictively and significantly improve in vivo hematopoietic recovery after irradiation injury. METHODS First, we implemented regression modeling to identify eight MSC-secreted proteins that correlated strongly with improved rescue from radiation damage, including hematopoietic recovery, in a murine model of hematopoietic failure. Using these partial least squares regression (PLSR) model parameters, we then predicted recovery potential of MSC populations that were culture expanded on substrata of varying mechanical stiffness. Lastly, we experimentally validated these predictions using an in vitro co-culture model of hematopoiesis and using new in vivo experiments for the same irradiation injury model used to generate survival predictions. RESULTS MSCs grown on the least stiff (elastic moduli ~ 1 kPa) of these polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrata secreted high concentrations of key proteins identified in regression modeling, at concentrations comparable to those secreted by minor subpopulations of MSCs shown previously to be effective in supporting such radiation rescue. We confirmed that these MSCs expanded on PDMS could promote hematopoiesis in an in vitro co-culture model with hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Further, MSCs cultured on PDMS of highest stiffness (elastic moduli ~ 100 kPa) promoted expression of CD123+ HSPCs, indicative of myeloid differentiation. Systemic administration of mechanoprimed MSCs resulted in improved mouse survival and weight recovery after bone marrow ablation, as compared with both standard MSC expansion on stiffer materials and with biophysically sorted MSC subpopulations. Additionally, we observed recovery of white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells, indicative of complete recovery of all hematopoietic lineages. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that computational techniques to identify MSC biomarkers can be leveraged to predict and engineer therapeutically effective MSC phenotypes defined by mechanoprimed secreted factors, for translational applications including hematopoietic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances D. Liu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Biosystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Kimberley Tam
- Biosystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Zhiyong Poon
- Biosystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Krystyn J. Van Vliet
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Biosystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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15
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Liu W, Du W, Shang X, Wang L, Evelyn C, Florian MC, A Ryan M, Rayes A, Zhao X, Setchell K, Meller J, Guo F, Nassar N, Geiger H, Pang Q, Zheng Y. Rational identification of a Cdc42 inhibitor presents a new regimen for long-term hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Leukemia 2018; 33:749-761. [PMID: 30254339 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from bone marrow (BM) to peripheral blood (PB) by cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or the chemical antagonist of CXCR4, AMD3100, is important in the treatment of blood diseases. Due to clinical conditions of each application, there is a need for continued improvement of HSC mobilization regimens. Previous studies have shown that genetic ablation of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 in HSCs results in their mobilization without affecting survival. Here we rationally identified a Cdc42 activity-specific inhibitor (CASIN) that can bind to Cdc42 with submicromolar affinity and competitively interfere with guanine nucleotide exchange activity. CASIN inhibits intracellular Cdc42 activity specifically and transiently to induce murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell egress from the BM by suppressing actin polymerization, adhesion, and directional migration of stem/progenitor cells, conferring Cdc42 knockout phenotypes. We further show that, although, CASIN administration to mice mobilizes similar number of phenotypic HSCs as AMD3100, it produces HSCs with better long-term reconstitution potential than that by AMD3100. Our work validates a specific small molecule inhibitor for Cdc42, and demonstrates that signaling molecules downstream of cytokines and chemokines, such as Cdc42, constitute a useful target for long-term stem cell mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Xun Shang
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Chris Evelyn
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | | | - Marnie A Ryan
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ahmad Rayes
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Xueheng Zhao
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kenneth Setchell
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jarek Meller
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Fukun Guo
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Nicolas Nassar
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Qishen Pang
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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16
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Wu L, Amarachintha S, Xu J, Oley F, Du W. Mesenchymal COX2-PG secretome engages NR4A-WNT signalling axis in haematopoietic progenitors to suppress anti-leukaemia immunity. Br J Haematol 2018; 183:445-456. [PMID: 30106181 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment (niche) plays important roles in supporting normal/abnormal haematopoiesis. We investigated the interaction between leukaemic mesenchymal niche and haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) using the model of Fanconi anaemia (FA), a genetic disorder characterized by BM failure and leukaemia. Healthy donor HSPCs co-cultured on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from FA patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) exhibited higher human engraftment and myeloid expansion in Non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency IL-2γ-/- /SGM3 recipients. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed the progressively elevated prostaglandins (PGs) in the MSCs of FA patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and AML. Reduced secretion of PGs subsequent to inflammatory cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) inhibition ameliorated HSPC/myeloid expansion. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated dysregulation of genes involved in the NR4A family of transcription factors (TFs) and WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway in FA-AML-MSC-co-cultured-CD34+ cells. COX2 inhibition led to significantly decreased NR4A TFs and WNT signalling genes expression. Mechanistically, NR4A1 and NR4A2 synergistically activate the CTNNB1 gene promoter . Knocking down CTNNB1 or NR4A1 in AML-MSC-co-cultured-CD34+ cells increased leukaemia-reactive T-effector cells production and rescued anti-leukaemia immunity. Together, these findings suggest that specific interactions between leukaemic mesenchymal niche and HSPCs orchestrate a novel COX2/PG-NR4A/WNT signalling axis, connecting inflammation, cellular metabolism and cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Surya Amarachintha
- The Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Frank Oley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
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17
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Reddy P, Ferrara JL. Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Graft-Versus-Leukemia Responses. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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18
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Ramadan A, Griesenauer B, Adom D, Kapur R, Hanenberg H, Liu C, Kaplan MH, Paczesny S. Specifically differentiated T cell subset promotes tumor immunity over fatal immunity. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3577-3596. [PMID: 29038366 PMCID: PMC5716032 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ramadan et al. demonstrate that triggering the ST2–IL-33 pathway in IL-9–secreting T cells decreases the severity of graft-versus-host disease through AREG upregulation while maintaining graft versus leukemia activity by preserving the central memory phenotype of CD8, increasing CD8α and cytolytic molecule expression. Allogeneic immune cells, particularly T cells in donor grafts, recognize and eliminate leukemic cells via graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) reactivity, and transfer of these cells is often used for high-risk hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia. Unfortunately, these cells also attack host normal tissues through the often fatal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Full separation of GVL activity from GVHD has yet to be achieved. Here, we show that, in mice and humans, a population of interleukin-9 (IL-9)–producing T cells activated via the ST2–IL-33 pathway (T9IL-33 cells) increases GVL while decreasing GVHD through two opposing mechanisms: protection from fatal immunity by amphiregulin expression and augmentation of antileukemic activity compared with T9, T1, and unmanipulated T cells through CD8α expression. Thus, adoptive transfer of allogeneic T9IL-33 cells offers an attractive approach for separating GVL activity from GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Reuben Kapur
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Chen Liu
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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19
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Late recurrence of autologous GvHD in a myeloma patient: a myth or diagnostic challenge? Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:910-912. [PMID: 28319078 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Berges C, Kerkau T, Werner S, Wolf N, Winter N, Hünig T, Einsele H, Topp MS, Beyersdorf N. Hsp90 inhibition ameliorates CD4 + T cell-mediated acute Graft versus Host disease in mice. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2016; 4:463-473. [PMID: 27980780 PMCID: PMC5134726 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction For many patients with leukemia only allogeneic bone marrow transplantion provides a chance of cure. Co‐transplanted mature donor T cells mediate the desired Graft versus Tumor (GvT) effect required to destroy residual leukemic cells. The donor T cells very often, however, also attack healthy tissue of the patient inducing acute Graft versus Host Disease (aGvHD)—a potentially life‐threatening complication. Methods Therefore, we used the well established C57BL/6 into BALB/c mouse aGvHD model to evaluate whether pharmacological inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) would protect the mice from aGvHD. Results Treatment of the BALB/c recipient mice from day 0 to +2 after allogeneic CD4+ T cell transplantation with the Hsp90 inhibitor 17‐(dimethylaminoethylamino)‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (DMAG) partially protected the mice from aGvHD. DMAG treatment was, however, insufficient to prolong overall survival of leukemia‐bearing mice after transplantation of allogeneic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Ex vivo analyses and in vitro experiments revealed that DMAG primarily inhibits conventional CD4+ T cells with a relative resistance of CD4+ regulatory and CD8+ T cells toward Hsp90 inhibition. Conclusions Our data, thus, suggest that Hsp90 inhibition might constitute a novel approach to reduce aGvHD in patients without abrogating the desired GvT effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Berges
- Department of Internal Medicine II Division of Hematology University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Kerkau
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Sandra Werner
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Nelli Wolf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Nadine Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine II Division of Hematology University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II Division of Hematology University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Max S Topp
- Department of Internal Medicine II Division of Hematology University Hospital Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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21
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Dodge J, Stephans A, Lai J, Drobyski WR, Chen X. Effects of Donor Vitamin A Deficiency and Pharmacologic Modulation of Donor T Cell Retinoic Acid Pathway on the Severity of Experimental Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016; 22:2141-2148. [PMID: 27596131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A combination of genetic and nongenetic factors dictates the incidence and severity of GVHD. Recent studies have identified the potential role of the retinoic acid (RA)/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) pathway in the pathogenesis of GVHD. RA is the active metabolite of vitamin A. Thus, a clinically relevant question is whether HSCT donor and/or recipient vitamin A status affects the development of GVHD. It has been previously reported that recipient vitamin A deficiency is associated with reduced intestinal GVHD and prolonged overall survival after experimental allogeneic HSCT. However, it is still unknown whether donor vitamin A status influences GVHD development. In the current study, we report that chronic vitamin A deficiency changes the composition of T cell compartment of donor mice with a reduction in the percentage of CD4+ T cells. We showed that although vitamin A deficiency does not affect donor T cell alloreactivity on a per cell basis, a decreased proportion of donor CD4+ T cells in marrow graft inoculums leads to reduced incidence and severity of GVHD. Furthermore, our proof of principle studies using a pan-RAR antagonist demonstrated that transient inhibition of donor T cell RAR signaling can reduce T cell alloreactivity and their ability to cause lethal GVHD. Our studies provide preclinical evidence that donor vitamin A deficiency may be a nongenetic factor that can modulate the severity of GVHD and pharmacologic interfering RA/RAR pathway in donor T cells might be a valuable approach for mitigating GVHD after allogeneic HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dodge
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Allison Stephans
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William R Drobyski
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Xiao Chen
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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22
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Green T, Hind J. Graft-versus-host disease in paediatric solid organ transplantation: A review of the literature. Pediatr Transplant 2016; 20:607-18. [PMID: 27198497 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
GvHD is a rare and serious complication of organ transplantation. The literature is sparse following solid organ transplantation. The aim of this report was to review the literature of GvHD in paediatric solid organ transplantation. We searched PubMed for English-language full-text manuscripts between 1990 and 2015 for eligible studies. A total of 28 publications were found pertaining to paediatric GvHD following solid organ transplantation. GvHD had a mean incidence of 11% (range 8.3-13.4%) following SBTx and 1.5% following liver transplantation. Where described, the most common sites for presentation of GvHD were the skin (87%), the native GI tract (43%), the lungs (7%), the eyes (4%), HA (4%), and the kidneys (1%). Diagnosis was confirmed with biopsy (93%) and/or chimerism (41%). Treatments used include steroids (80%), of which 75% showed partial or complete resolution. Mortality was 33.3% (range 0-100%). Novel therapies include ECP and MSC therapy. GvHD is a rare but serious disease with high mortality. Novel therapies may offer hope in the future, but currently there is limited evidence for their efficacy in the context of intestinal or liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Green
- King's College London - GKT School of Medical Education, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Hind
- King's College Hospital - Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, London, UK
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23
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Matsukuma KE, Wei D, Sun K, Ramsamooj R, Chen M. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic graft versus host disease (GVHD). J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:S21-31. [PMID: 27034810 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a common complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) that typically manifests as injury to the skin, gastrointestinal mucosa, and liver. In some cases, hepatic GVHD may be histologically indistinguishable from other disorders such as infection and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Additionally, clinical signs and symptoms are frequently confounded by the superimposed effects of pretransplant chemoradiotherapy, immunotherapy (IT) (targeted to the underlying malignancy), GVHD prophylaxis, and infection. Thus, careful attention to and correlation with clinical findings, laboratory values, and histologic features is essential for diagnosis. This review, aimed at the practicing pathologist, will discuss current clinical and histologic criteria for GVHD, the approach to diagnosis of hepatic GVHD, and features helpful for distinguishing it from other entities in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Matsukuma
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA ; 2 Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Dongguang Wei
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA ; 2 Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Kai Sun
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA ; 2 Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Rajendra Ramsamooj
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA ; 2 Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Mingyi Chen
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA ; 2 Department of Hematology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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24
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Szyska M, Na IK. Bone Marrow GvHD after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:118. [PMID: 27066008 PMCID: PMC4811960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is the origin of all hematopoietic lineages and an important homing site for memory cells of the adaptive immune system. It has recently emerged as a graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) target organ after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT), marked by depletion of both hematopoietic progenitors and niche-forming cells. Serious effects on the restoration of hematopoietic function and immunological memory are common, especially in patients after myeloablative conditioning therapy. Cytopenia and durable immunodeficiency caused by the depletion of hematopoietic progenitors and destruction of bone marrow niches negatively influence the outcome of alloHSCT. The complex balance between immunosuppressive and cell-depleting treatments, GvHD and immune reconstitution, as well as the desirable graft-versus-tumor (GvT) effect remains a great challenge for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Szyska
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Il-Kang Na
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Villa NY, Rahman MM, McFadden G, Cogle CR. Therapeutics for Graft-versus-Host Disease: From Conventional Therapies to Novel Virotherapeutic Strategies. Viruses 2016; 8:85. [PMID: 27011200 PMCID: PMC4810275 DOI: 10.3390/v8030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has a curative potential for many hematologic malignancies and blood diseases. However, the success of allo-HSCT is limited by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), an immunological syndrome that involves inflammation and tissue damage mediated by donor lymphocytes. Despite immune suppression, GVHD is highly incident even after allo-HSCT using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. Therefore, alternative and more effective therapies are needed to prevent or control GVHD while preserving the beneficial graft-versus-cancer (GVC) effects against residual disease. Among novel therapeutics for GVHD, oncolytic viruses such as myxoma virus (MYXV) are receiving increased attention due to their dual role in controlling GVHD while preserving or augmenting GVC. This review focuses on the molecular basis of GVHD, as well as state-of-the-art advances in developing novel therapies to prevent or control GVHD while minimizing impact on GVC. Recent literature regarding conventional and the emerging therapies are summarized, with special emphasis on virotherapy to prevent GVHD. Recent advances using preclinical models with oncolytic viruses such as MYXV to ameliorate the deleterious consequences of GVHD, while maintaining or improving the anti-cancer benefits of GVC will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Y Villa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Masmudur M Rahman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Grant McFadden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Christopher R Cogle
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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26
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Lim JY, Ryu DB, Lee SE, Park G, Choi EY, Min CK. Differential Effect of MyD88 Signal in Donor T Cells on Graft-versus-Leukemia Effect and Graft-versus-Host Disease after Experimental Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Mol Cells 2015; 38:966-74. [PMID: 26552489 PMCID: PMC4673411 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the presence of toll like receptor (TLR) expression in conventional TCRαβ T cells, the direct role of TLR signaling via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) within T lymphocytes on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) remains unknown. In the allo-SCT model of C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) → B6D2F1 (H-2(b/d)), recipients received transplants of wild type (WT) T-cell-depleted (TCD) bone marrow (BM) and splenic T cells from either WT or MyD88 deficient (MyD88KO) donors. Host-type (H-2(d)) P815 mastocytoma or L1210 leukemia cells were injected either subcutaneously or intravenously to generate a GVHD/GVL model. Allogeneic recipients of MyD88KO T cells demonstrated a greater tumor growth without attenuation of GVHD severity. Moreover, GVHD-induced GVL effect, caused by increasing the conditioning intensity was also not observed in the recipients of MyD88KO T cells. In vitro, the absence of MyD88 in T cells resulted in defective cytolytic activity to tumor targets with reduced ability to produce IFN-γ or granzyme B, which are known to critical for the GVL effect. However, donor T cell expansion with effector and memory T-cell differentiation were more enhanced in GVHD hosts of MyD88KO T cells. Recipients of MyD88KO T cells experienced greater expansion of Foxp3- and IL4-expressing T cells with reduced INF-γ producing T cells in the spleen and tumor-draining lymph nodes early after transplantation. Taken together, these results highlight a differential role for MyD88 deficiency on donor T-cells, with decreased GVL effect without attenuation of the GVHD severity after experimental allo-SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701,
Korea
| | - Da-Bin Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701,
Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701,
Korea
| | - Gyeongsin Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701,
Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799,
Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701,
Korea
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27
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Yang G, Zhang W, Qin Q, Wang J, Zheng H, Xiong W, Yuan J. Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces apoptosis in p53-silenced L02 cells via activation of both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:1178-1191. [PMID: 24706461 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is one of the main metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. The evidence shows that DEHP may exert its toxic effects primarily via MEHP, which is 10-fold more potent than its parent compound in toxicity in vitro. MEHP-induced apoptosis is mediated by either p53-dependent or -independent pathway. However, the detailed mechanism of its toxicity remains unclear. In this study, immortalized normal human liver cell line L02 was chosen, as an in vitro model of nonmalignant liver, to elucidate the role of p53 in MEHP-induced apoptosis. The cells were treated with MEHP (6.25, 12.50, 25.00, 50.00, and 100.00 μM) for 24 and 36 h, then small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to specifically silence p53 gene of L02 cells. The results indicated that MEHP caused oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in L02 cells were associated with the p53 signaling pathway. Further study found that MEHP (50.00 and 100.00 μM) induced apoptosis in p53-silenced L02 cells, along with the up-regulations of Fas and FasL proteins as well as increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase 3, 8, and 9 activities. Additionally, both FasL inhibitor (AF-016) and Caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp- fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK) could prevent the cell apoptosis induced by MEHP. The findings suggested that MEHP-induced apoptosis in L02 cells involving a Caspases-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway and/or death receptor pathway. p53 was not absolutely necessary for MEHP-induced L02 cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhi Qin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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28
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a procedure in which infusion of hematopoietic stem cells is used to reestablish hematopoietic function in patients with damaged or defective bone marrow or immune systems. Early and late complications following allogeneic HSCT include acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), donor rejection, graft failure, relapse of primary malignancy, conditioning-related toxicity, immunodeficiency and infections. Immunology has a central role in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Any appreciation of the immunological mechanism involved in engraftment, GVHD, the development of tolerance, immune reconstitution, and the control of malignancy requires some understanding of the immunologic basis for immune reactions provoked by grafting tissue from one individual to another. In the future it should be possible to learn what gene(s) must be activated and which must be repressed to force stem cells into division without maturation; to engineer a mechanism into the cells that stops proliferation and sets the stage for amplification; to search if there could be a universal donor cell line, neatly packaged and stabilized in sealed vials and distributed by the pharmaceutical industry; to modify the transplanted cells in such a way that they have a proliferative advantage over those of the host and to deliver the lethal blow against the neoplasm, perhaps the cells that are infused will be engineered in such a way as to be able to distinguish between normal host cells and tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Mohamed Mosaad
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department & Mansoura Research Center for Cord Stem Cell (MARC-CSC), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
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29
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Beyersdorf N, Werner S, Wolf N, Hünig T, Kerkau T. In vitro polyclonal activation of conventional T cells with a CD28 superagonist protects mice from acute graft versus host disease. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1997-2007. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Sandra Werner
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Nelli Wolf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Kerkau
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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30
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State-of-the-art acute and chronic GVHD treatment. Int J Hematol 2015; 101:452-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Liu Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Cai Y, Hu B, Bao G, Fang H, Zhao L, Ma S, Cheng Q, Song Y, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Chang H, Yu X, Sun A, Zhang Y, Vignali DAA, Wu D, Liu H. IL-35 mitigates murine acute graft-versus-host disease with retention of graft-versus-leukemia effects. Leukemia 2015; 29:939-46. [PMID: 25363669 PMCID: PMC4391991 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IL-35 is a newly discovered inhibitory cytokine secreted by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and may have therapeutic potential in several inflammatory disorders. Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and caused by donor T cells and inflammatory cytokines. The role of IL-35 in aGVHD is still unknown. Here we demonstrate that IL-35 overexpression suppresses CD4(+) effector T-cell activation, leading to a reduction in alloreactive T-cell responses and aGVHD severity. It also leads to the expansion of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs in the aGVHD target organs. Furthermore, IL-35 overexpression results in a selective decrease in the frequency of Th1 cells and an increase of IL-10-producing CD4(+) T cells in aGVHD target tissues. Serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-22 and IL-23 decrease and IL-10 increases in response to IL-35. Most importantly, IL-35 preserves graft-versus-leukemia effect. Finally, aGVHD grade 2-4 patients have decreased serum IL-35 levels comparing with time-matched patients with aGVHD grade 0-1. Our findings indicate that IL-35 has an important role in reducing aGVHD through promoting the expansion of Tregs and repressing Th1 responses, and should be investigated as the therapeutic strategy for aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Cai
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shoubao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ziling Zhu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huirong Chang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Aining Sun
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dario A. A. Vignali
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Depei Wu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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32
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Safety and Outcomes of Extracorporeal Photopheresis With the Therakos Cellex System for Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Pediatric Patients. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2015; 37:209-14. [PMID: 25374287 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a difficult procedure to perform in the pediatric population. This is a retrospective review of 12 pediatric patients who underwent photopheresis with the Therakos Cellex system for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Acute GVHD (aGVHD) occurred in 6 patients, and overlap syndrome and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) occurred in 4 and 2 patients, respectively. The ECP regimen was the same for all aGVHD and cGVHD patients: initially, every week (2 sessions/wk) for 2 months; next, every 2 weeks for 2 months; and finally, every month for at least 1 year. Improvement was observed in 7 of 10 aGVHD patients (70%) and in 4 of 6 cGVHD patients (66%). Eleven patients had skin involvement before ECP; 9 of them responded to treatment (81%). Gastrointestinal involvement occurred in 8 patients; 5 of them experienced improvement during ECP treatment (62%). All 4 patients with liver involvement failed to respond. No serious adverse reactions occurred. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that ECP with the Therakos Cellex system is a safe treatment option for GVHD in children, allowing the tapering of immunosuppressants by at least half.
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33
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Wang H, Yang YG. The complex and central role of interferon-γ in graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-tumor activity. Immunol Rev 2015; 258:30-44. [PMID: 24517424 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is increasingly being performed to treat patients with hematologic malignancies. However, separating the beneficial graft-versus-tumor (GVT) or graft-versus-leukemia effects from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been difficult and remains a significant challenge toward improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity of allo-HCT. GVHD is induced by donor T cells that also mediate potent anti-tumor responses. However, despite the largely shared effector mechanisms, extensive animal studies have demonstrated the potential of dissociating the GVT effect from GVHD. Also in many clinical cases, long-term remission was achieved following allo-HCT, without significant GVHD. A better mechanistic understanding of the immunopathophysiology of GVHD and GVT effects may potentially help to improve allo-HCT as well as maximize the benefit of GVT effects while minimizing GVHD. In this article, we review the role of IFN-γ in regulation of alloresponses following allo-HCT, with a focus on the mechanisms of how this cytokine may separate GVHD from GVT effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Galvani RG, Lemos R, Areal RB, Salvador PA, Zamboni DS, Wanderley JLM, Bonomo A. Disease severity and mortality can be independently regulated in a mouse model of experimental graft versus host disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118079. [PMID: 25643148 PMCID: PMC4313938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the major limitation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) presenting high mortality and morbidity rates. However, the exact cause of death is not completely understood and does not correlate with specific clinical and histological parameters of disease. Here we show, by using a semi-allogeneic mouse model of GVHD, that mortality and morbidity can be experimentally separated. We injected bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) from NOD2/CARD15-deficient donors into semi-allogeneic irradiated chimaeras and observed that recipients were protected from death. However, no protection was observed regarding clinical or pathological scores up to 20 days after transplantation. Protection from death was associated with decreased bacterial translocation, faster hematologic recovery and epithelial integrity maintenance despite mononuclear infiltration at day 20 post-GVHD induction with no skew towards different T helper phenotypes. The protected mice recovered from aGVHD and progressively reached scores compatible with healthy animals. Altogether, our data indicate that severity and mortality can be separate events providing a model to study transplant-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo G. Galvani
- Divisão de Medicina Experimental, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ramon Lemos
- Divisão de Medicina Experimental, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rômulo B. Areal
- Divisão de Medicina Experimental, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna A. Salvador
- Divisão de Medicina Experimental, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dario S. Zamboni
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Luiz M. Wanderley
- Divisão de Medicina Experimental, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- NUPEM, Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Adriana Bonomo
- Divisão de Medicina Experimental, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Pesquisa sobre o Timo, Instituo Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Hock K, Pilat N, Baranyi U, Mahr B, Gattringer M, Klaus C, Wekerle T. Donor CD4 T cells trigger costimulation blockade-resistant donor bone marrow rejection through bystander activation requiring IL-6. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2011-22. [PMID: 25100658 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) transplantation under costimulation blockade induces chimerism and tolerance. Cotransplantation of donor T cells (contained in substantial numbers in mobilized peripheral blood stem cells and donor lymphocyte infusions) together with donor BM paradoxically triggers rejection of donor BM through undefined mechanisms. Here, nonmyeloablatively irradiated C57BL/6 recipients simultaneously received donor BM (BALB/c) and donor T cells under costimulation blockade (anti-CD154 and CTLA4Ig). Donor CD4, but not CD8 cells, triggered natural killer-independent donor BM rejection which was associated with increased production of IL-6, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-17A. BM rejection was prevented through neutralization of IL-6, but not of IFN-γ or IL-17A. IL-6 counteracted the antiproliferative effect of anti-CD154 in vitro. Rapamycin and anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 negated this effect of IL-6 in vitro and prevented BM rejection in vivo. Simultaneous cotransplantation of (BALB/cxB6)F1, recipient or irradiated donor CD4 cells, or late transfer of donor CD4 cells did not lead to BM rejection, whereas cotransplantation of third party CD4 cells did. Transferred donor CD4 cells became activated, rapidly underwent apoptosis and triggered activation and proliferation of recipient T cells. Collectively, these results provide evidence that donor T cells recognizing the recipient as allogeneic lead to the release of IL-6, which abolishes the effect of anti-CD154, triggering donor BM rejection through bystander activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hock
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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36
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IL-17 genetic and immunophenotypic evaluation in chronic graft-versus-host disease. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:571231. [PMID: 25136146 PMCID: PMC4129170 DOI: 10.1155/2014/571231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a recently discovered cytokine associated with several autoimmune diseases, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was not established yet. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of IL17A and IL17F genes polymorphisms and IL-17A and IL-17F levels with cGVHD. IL-17A expression was also investigated in CD4(+) T cells of patients with systemic cGVHD. For Part I of the study, fifty-eight allo-HSCT recipients and donors were prospectively studied. Blood samples were obtained to determine IL17A and IL17F genes polymorphisms. Cytokines levels in blood and saliva were assessed by ELISA at days +35 and +100 after HSCT. In Part II, for the immunophenotypic evaluation, eight patients with systemic cGVHD were selected and the expression of IL-17A was evaluated. We found association between recipient AA genotype with systemic cGVHD. No association was observed between IL-17A levels and cGVHD. Lower IL-17A levels in the blood were associated with AA genotype. In flow cytometry analysis, decreased expression of IL-17A was observed in patients with cGVHD after stimulation. In conclusion, IL-17A may have an important role in the development of systemic cGVHD.
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37
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Karimi MH, Salek S, Yaghobi R, Ramzi M, Geramizadeh B, Hejr S. Association of IL-17 gene polymorphisms and serum level with graft versus host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cytokine 2014; 69:120-4. [PMID: 24968286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines are important factors determining the outcome of transplantation. Host ability in cytokine production may be affected by cytokine genes polymorphisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of IL-17 gene polymorphisms on outcome of Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 bone marrow recipients were included in this study. Twenty-five recipients (41.66%) underwent a GVHD. IL-17 gene polymorphisms were evaluated by PCR-RFLP method and the serum levels were also checked by ELISA. RESULTS No significant differences in distribution of the IL-17(A/G) (rs3819025) genotypes and alleles were observed between two groups. But, IL-17 (A/G, -197) GG genotype was found to be significantly higher in GVHD group compared to those of non-GVHD group (P = 0.04). Interestingly, after stratification of patients according severity of GVHD, IL-17 (rs3819025) G allele was remained significantly higher in GVHD grade (0-I) group compared to those of grade (II-IV) group (P = 0.05). In addition, after categorization of patients according to their sex, IL-17-197 GG genotype showed a significant association with non-GVHD in male patients (P = 0.05). IL-17 serum levels did not show any significant difference between GVHD and non GVHD groups. CONCLUSION Results indicated that IL-17197 GG genotype, G allele of (rs3819025) and its serum level have predictive values for severity of GVHD. Also, IL-17-197 GG genotype is a sex dependent genetic risk factor for development of GVHD, but this subject need to be studied in different population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanaz Salek
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mani Ramzi
- Hematology Research Center and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Hejr
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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The histone methyltransferase Ezh2 is a crucial epigenetic regulator of allogeneic T-cell responses mediating graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2013; 122:4119-28. [PMID: 24141370 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-05-505180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranscriptional modification of histones by methylation plays an important role in regulating Ag-driven T-cell responses. We have recently drawn correlations between allogeneic T-cell responses and the histone methyltransferase Ezh2, which catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation. The functional relevance of Ezh2 in T-cell alloimmunity remains unclear. Here, we identify a central role of Ezh2 in regulating allogeneic T-cell proliferation, differentiation, and function. Conditional loss of Ezh2 in donor T cells inhibited graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in mice after allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplantation. Although Ezh2-deficient T cells were initially activated to proliferate upon alloantigenic priming, their ability to undergo continual proliferation and expansion was defective during late stages of GVHD induction. This effect of Ezh2 ablation was largely independent of the proapoptotic molecule Bim. Unexpectedly, as a gene silencer, Ezh2 was required to promote the expression of transcription factors Tbx21 and Stat4. Loss of Ezh2 in T cells specifically impaired their differentiation into interferon (IFN)-γ-producing effector cells. However, Ezh2 ablation retained antileukemia activity in alloreactive T cells, leading to improved overall survival of the recipients. Our findings justify investigation of modulating Ezh2 as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GVHD and other T cell-mediated inflammatory disorders.
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Arber C, Brenner MK, Reddy P. Mouse models in bone marrow transplantation and adoptive cellular therapy. Semin Hematol 2013; 50:131-44. [PMID: 24216170 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of transplantation have been indispensable to the development of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Their role in the generation of basic science knowledge is invaluable and is subject to discussion below. However, this article focuses on the direct role and relevance of mouse models towards the clinical development and advances in BMT and adoptive T-cell therapy for human diseases. The authors aim to present a thoughtful perspective on the pros and cons of mouse models while noting that despite imperfections these models are obligatory for the development of science-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Arber
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
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40
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Park MJ, Park HS, Oh HJ, Lim JY, Yoon BY, Kim HY, Cho ML, Cho SG. IL-17-deficient allogeneic bone marrow transplantation prevents the induction of collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice. Exp Mol Med 2013; 44:694-705. [PMID: 23114425 PMCID: PMC3509186 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells (Th17) play important functions in autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection of solid organs. We examined the effects of IL 17 and its mechanism of action on arthritis in a murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model using bone marrow transplantation (BMT) system. DBA/1J mice were administered a lethal radiation dose and then rescued with bone marrow derived from either wild-type (WT) or IL-17-/- mice on C57BL/6 background mice. CIA was induced after the bone marrow transplant, and disease progression was characterized. DBA/1J mice with CIA that received IL-17-/- donor bone marrow showed potently inhibited development and severity of clinical arthritis as compared with CIA mice that received WT bone marrow. Reduced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and collagen-specific T cell responses were observed in mice that received IL-17-/- bone marrow. IL-17 blockade also inhibited effector T cell proliferation by reciprocally regulating the Treg/Th17 ratio. IL-17 blockade prevented joint destruction in mice with CIA. These findings suggest that CIA with BMT is a viable method of immunological manipulation and that IL-17 deficiency suppresses severe joint destruction and inflammation in CIA mice. There may be clinical benefits in blocking IL-17 and BMT in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Park
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
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41
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A critical role for the retinoic acid signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2013; 121:3970-80. [PMID: 23529927 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-08-445130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the gastrointestinal tract during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. In the current study, we identified a critical role for the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway in the induction and propagation of gastrointestinal GVHD. The administration of exogenous RA significantly increased expression of the gut-homing molecules, CCR9 and α4β7, on donor T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes, and augmented the accumulation of proinflammatory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells within the gut mucosa, leading to a selective exacerbation of colonic GVHD and increased overall mortality. Conversely, depletion of RA in recipient mice by vitamin A deprivation resulted in a dramatic reduction of gut-homing molecule expression on donor T cells after HSCT. Significantly, absence of the RA receptor-α on donor T cells markedly attenuated the ability of these cells to cause lethal GVHD. This observation was attributable to a significant reduction in pathological damage within the colon. These findings identify an organ-specific role for RA in GVHD and provide evidence that blockade of the RA signaling pathway may represent a novel strategy for mitigating the severity of colonic GVHD.
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42
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Host-derived CD8+ dendritic cells are required for induction of optimal graft-versus-tumor responses after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2013; 121:4231-41. [PMID: 23520337 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-432872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) represents an effective form of immunotherapy against many malignancies. Meaningful separation of the potentially curative GVT responses from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the most serious toxicity following T-cell replete allo-HCT, has been an elusive goal. GVHD is initiated by alloantigens, although both alloantigens and tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) initiate GVT responses. Emerging data have illuminated a role for antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in inducing alloantigen-specific responses. By using multiple clinically relevant murine models, we show that a specific subset of host-derived APCs-CD8(+) dendritic cells (DCs)-enhances TSA responses and is required for optimal induction of GVT. Stimulation of TLR3, which among host hematopoietic APC subsets is predominantly expressed on CD8(+) DCs, enhanced GVT without exacerbating GVHD. Thus, strategies that modulate host APC subsets without direct manipulation of donor T cells could augment GVT responses and enhance the efficacy of allo-HCT.
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43
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Wang L, Fan J, Chen S, Zhang Y, Curiel TJ, Zhang B. Graft-versus-host disease is enhanced by selective CD73 blockade in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58397. [PMID: 23520507 PMCID: PMC3592842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CD73 functions as an ecto-5′-nucleotidase to produce extracellular adenosine that has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity. We here demonstrate that CD73 helps control graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in mouse models. Survival of wild-type (WT) recipients of either allogeneic donor naïve CD73 knock-out (KO) or WT T cells was similar suggesting that donor naïve T cell CD73 did not contribute to GVHD. By contrast, donor CD73 KO CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) had significantly impaired ability to mitigate GVHD mortality compared to WT Treg, suggesting that CD73 on Treg is critical for GVHD protection. However, compared to donor CD73, recipient CD73 is more effective in limiting GVHD. Pharmacological blockade of A2A receptor exacerbated GVHD in WT recipients, but not in CD73 KO recipients, suggesting that A2 receptor signaling is primarily implicated in CD73-mediated GVHD protection. Moreover, pharmacological blockade of CD73 enzymatic activity induced stronger alloreactive T cell activity, worsened GVHD and enhanced the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. These findings suggest that both donor and recipient CD73 protects against GVHD but also limits GVL effects. Thus, either enhancing or blocking CD73 activity has great potential clinical application in allogeneic bone marrow transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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44
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Papewalis C, Topolar D, Götz B, Schönberger S, Dilloo D. Mesenchymal stem cells as cellular immunotherapeutics in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 130:131-62. [PMID: 23455489 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative treatment option in hematopoietic disorders, immunodeficiencies and leukemia. To date graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) represents a life-threatening complication even if associated with beneficial antileukemic reactivity. GvHD is the clinical manifestation of donor cells reacting against host tissue. Because of their ability to facilitate endogenous repair and to attenuate inflammation, MSC have evolved as a highly attractive cellular therapeutic in allo-HSCT. Here we report on the clinical experience in the use of MSC to enhance engraftment and prevent and treat acute and chronic GvHD. In early clinical trials, MSC have shown considerable benefit in the setting of manifest GvHD. These encouraging results warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Papewalis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Center for Pediatrics, University Hospital, Friedrich-Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
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45
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Reddy P, Socié G, Cutler C, Weisdorf D. GVHD prevention: an ounce is better than a pound. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012; 18:S17-26. [PMID: 22226102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Reddy
- Department of Medicine 3312 CCGC, University of Michigan, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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46
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Nowacki TM, Bettenworth D, Ross M, Heidemann J, Lehmann PV, Lügering A. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-Specific Perforin and Granzyme B ELISPOT Assays Detect Reactivation of CMV Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2012; 1:35-50. [PMID: 24710412 PMCID: PMC3901090 DOI: 10.3390/cells1020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has been unresolved. Typically, the CMV genome remains dormant in infected cells, but a breakdown of immune surveillance can lead to re-activation of viral replication in the gut mucosa, which is not necessarily associated with viremia or changes in antibody titers. We hypothesized that the detection of CMV-specific CD8 effector T cells should permit the distinction between dormant and active CMV infection. As CD8 effector T cells, unlike memory CD8 T cells, have perforin (PFN) and granzyme B (GzB) preformed in their cytoplasmic granules, we employed single cell resolution ELISPOT assays to measure the CMV antigen-triggered release of these molecules by CD8 T cells isolated from subjects with IBD, and age-matched healthy controls. The frequencies of CMV-specific (GzB) and PFN-producing CD8 T cells were increased in IBD patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the increased CMV reactivity was associated with active IBD disease and with longer disease duration. Notably, PCR on serum frequently failed to detect CMV DNA during flares. The data show that during active IBD there is a flare of CD8 T cell activity against CMV in a substantial proportion of IBD patients, suggesting CMV reactivation that serum PCR does not detect. While it remains open whether CMV reactivation is a cause or consequence of IBD, our data suggest that monitoring CMV antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells with GzB and PFN ELISPOT analysis can provide novel insights into the role of CMV infection in IBD. Additionally, our data have implications for the fields of transplantation, HIV, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, in all of which patient care critically depends on sensitive and reliable detection of a reactivation of CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Nowacki
- Department of Medicine B, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | | | - Matthias Ross
- Department of Medicine B, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Jan Heidemann
- Department of Medicine B, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Paul V Lehmann
- Cellular Technology Limited, Shaker Heights, OH 44122-5350, USA.
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47
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Molin S, Weiss EH, Ruzicka T, Messer G. The FAS/cd95 promoter single-nucleotide polymorphism -670 A/G and lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37:425-7. [PMID: 22299671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An increased level of circulating nuclear antigens caused by apoptosis is thought to be responsible for the production of autoantibodies in lupus erythematosus (LE). The presentation of these antigens to immunologically competent cells may trigger systemic autoimmunity. The influence of a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism at position -670 in the promoter of the apoptosis gene FAS on susceptibility to autoimmune diseases including systemic LE has been a controversial subject. Although it has not yet been possible to assign any particular allele or genotype to the control of FAS expression, this polymorphism has been described to be associated with several autoimmune diseases including LE. When we compared the FAS -670 A/G genotypes of 107 German patients with LE and those of 96 healthy controls, we found a trend for association between LE and the homozygous A genotype in the patient group. This finding suggests that apoptosis may contribute to development of autoimmune reactions and that FAS function might be relevant for LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Molin
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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48
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Are mesenchymal stem cells major sources of safe signals in immune system? Cell Immunol 2012; 272:112-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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49
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Doorn J, Moll G, Le Blanc K, van Blitterswijk C, de Boer J. Therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells: paracrine effects and potential improvements. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 18:101-15. [PMID: 21995703 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the various types of cell-to-cell signaling, paracrine signaling comprises those signals that are transmitted over short distances between different cell types. In the human body, secreted growth factors and cytokines instruct, among others, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. In the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche, stromal cells provide instructive cues to stem cells via paracrine signaling and one of these cell types, known to secrete a broad panel of growth factors and cytokines, is mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The factors secreted by MSCs have trophic, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, and proangiogenic properties, and their paracrine profile varies according to their initial activation by various stimuli. MSCs are currently studied as treatment for inflammatory diseases such as graft-versus-host disease and Crohn's disease, but also as treatment for myocardial infarct and solid organ transplantation. In addition, MSCs are investigated for their use in tissue engineering applications, in which their differentiation plays an important role, but as we have recently demonstrated, their trophic factors may also be involved. Furthermore, a functional improvement of MSCs might be obtained after preconditioning or tailoring the cells themselves. Also, the way the cells are clinically administered may be specialized for specific therapeutic scenarios. In this review we will first discuss the HSC niche, in which MSCs were recently identified and are thought to play an instructive and supportive role. We will then evaluate therapeutic applications that currently try to utilize the trophic and/or immunomodulatory properties of MSCs, and we will also discuss new options to enhance their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Doorn
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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50
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Vella JB, Thompson SD, Bucsek MJ, Song M, Huard J. Murine and human myogenic cells identified by elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase activity: implications for muscle regeneration and repair. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29226. [PMID: 22195027 PMCID: PMC3240661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the initial promise of myoblast transfer therapy to restore dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, clinical efficacy has been limited, primarily by poor cell survival post-transplantation. Murine muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) isolated from slowly adhering cells (SACs) via the preplate technique, induce greater muscle regeneration than murine myoblasts, primarily due to improved post-transplantation survival, which is conferred by their increased stress resistance capacity. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) represents a family of enzymes with important morphogenic as well as oxidative damage mitigating roles and has been found to be a marker of stem cells in both normal and malignant tissue. In this study, we hypothesized that elevated ALDH levels could identify murine and human muscle derived cell (hMDC) progenitors, endowed with enhanced stress resistance and muscle regeneration capacity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Skeletal muscle progenitors were isolated from murine and human skeletal muscle by a modified preplate technique and unfractionated enzymatic digestion, respectively. ALDH(hi) subpopulations isolated by fluorescence activate cell sorting demonstrated increased proliferation and myogenic differentiation capacities compared to their ALDH(lo) counterparts when cultivated in oxidative and inflammatory stress media conditions. This behavior correlated with increased intracellular levels of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase. ALDH(hi) murine myoblasts were observed to exhibit an increased muscle regenerative potential compared to ALDH(lo) myoblasts, undergo multipotent differentiation (osteogenic and chondrogenic), and were found predominately in the SAC fraction, characteristics that are also observed in murine MDSCs. Likewise, human ALDH(hi) hMDCs demonstrated superior muscle regenerative capacity compared to ALDH(lo) hMDCs. CONCLUSIONS The methodology of isolating myogenic cells on the basis of elevated ALDH activity yielded cells with increased stress resistance, a behavior that conferred increased regenerative capacity of dystrophic murine skeletal muscle. This result demonstrates the critical role of stress resistance in myogenic cell therapy as well as confirms the role of ALDH as a marker for rapid isolation of murine and human myogenic progenitors for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Vella
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Seth D. Thompson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Bucsek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Minjung Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowen Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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