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Boretti A. Improving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies by using artificial intelligence and internet of things technologies: A narrative review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 974:176618. [PMID: 38679117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses a formidable challenge in the field of medical science, prompting the exploration of innovative and efficient treatment strategies. One revolutionary breakthrough in cancer therapy is Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, an avant-garde method involving the customization of a patient's immune cells to combat cancer. Particularly successful in addressing blood cancers, CAR T-cell therapy introduces an unprecedented level of effectiveness, offering the prospect of sustained disease management. As ongoing research advances to overcome current challenges, CAR T-cell therapy stands poised to become an essential tool in the fight against cancer. Ongoing enhancements aim to improve its effectiveness and reduce time and cost, with the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The synergy of AI and IoT could enable more precise tailoring of CAR T-cell therapy to individual patients, streamlining the therapeutic process. This holds the potential to elevate treatment efficacy, mitigate adverse effects, and expedite the overall progress of CAR T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Boretti
- Independent Scientist, Johnsonville, Wellington, New Zealand.
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2
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Saleh RO, Yuseran H, Mansouri S, Kareem AH, Shakir MN, Alasheqi MQ, Akhmedovna NN, Dilmurodovna SI, Alawadi A, Alsalamy A. Two effective factors in cancer: Investigating the effect of ncRNAs in cancer and also the effect of nanotherapy in its treatment. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155218. [PMID: 38458087 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most pressing health challenges globally, necessitating ongoing research into innovative therapeutic approaches. This article explores two critical factors influencing cancer: ncRNAs and nanotherapy. The role of ncRNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in cancer pathogenesis, progression, and treatment resistance is elucidated. Additionally, the potential of nanotherapy, leveraging nanoscale materials for targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy, is investigated. By comprehensively analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying ncRNA dysregulation and the promise of nanotherapy in cancer treatment, this article aims to provide valuable insights into novel therapeutic strategies for combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Hariadi Yuseran
- Department of Obstetry and Ginecology, Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarmasin, Indonesia.
| | - Sofiene Mansouri
- Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia; University of Tunis El Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Maha Noori Shakir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Iraq
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3
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Zhou X, Renauer PA, Zhou L, Fang SY, Chen S. Applications of CRISPR technology in cellular immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:199-216. [PMID: 37449673 PMCID: PMC10787818 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR technology has transformed multiple fields, including cancer and immunology. CRISPR-based gene editing and screening empowers direct genomic manipulation of immune cells, opening doors to unbiased functional genetic screens. These screens aid in the discovery of novel factors that regulate and reprogram immune responses, offering novel drug targets. The engineering of immune cells using CRISPR has sparked a transformation in the cellular immunotherapy field, resulting in a multitude of ongoing clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the development and applications of CRISPR and related gene editing technologies in immune cells, focusing on functional genomics screening, gene editing-based cell therapies, as well as future directions in this rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul A. Renauer
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shao-Yu Fang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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4
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Wu Z, Young NS. Single-cell genomics in acquired bone marrow failure syndromes. Blood 2023; 142:1193-1207. [PMID: 37478398 PMCID: PMC10644099 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of immune bone marrow failure are difficult because of the scarcity of residual cells, the involvement of multiple cell types, and the inherent complexities of hematopoiesis and immunity. Single-cell genomic technologies and bioinformatics allow extensive, multidimensional analysis of a very limited number of cells. We review emerging applications of single-cell techniques, and early results related to disease pathogenesis: effector and target cell populations and relationships, cell-autonomous and nonautonomous phenotypes in clonal hematopoiesis, transcript splicing, chromosomal abnormalities, and T-cell receptor usage and clonality. Dense and complex data from single-cell techniques provide insights into pathophysiology, natural history, and therapeutic drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Neal S. Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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5
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Ade CM, Sporn MJ, Das S, Yu Z, Hanada KI, Qi YA, Maity T, Zhang X, Guha U, Andresson T, Yang JC. Identification of neoepitope reactive T-cell receptors guided by HLA-A*03:01 and HLA-A*11:01 immunopeptidomics. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007097. [PMID: 37758652 PMCID: PMC10537849 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-specific mutated proteins can create immunogenic non-self, mutation-containing 'neoepitopes' that are attractive targets for adoptive T-cell therapies. To avoid the complexity of defining patient-specific, private neoepitopes, there has been major interest in targeting common shared mutations in driver genes using off-the-shelf T-cell receptors (TCRs) engineered into autologous lymphocytes. However, identifying the precise naturally processed neoepitopes to pursue is a complex and challenging process. One method to definitively demonstrate whether an epitope is presented at the cell surface is to elute peptides bound to a specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allele and analyze them by mass spectrometry (MS). These MS data can then be prospectively applied to isolate TCRs specific to the neoepitope. METHODS We created mono-allelic cell lines expressing one class I HLA allele and one common mutated oncogene in order to eliminate HLA deconvolution requirements and increase the signal of recovered peptides. MHC-bound peptides on the surface of these cell lines were immunoprecipitated, purified, and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, producing a list of mutation-containing minimal epitopes. To validate the immunogenicity of these neoepitopes, HLA-transgenic mice were vaccinated using the minimal peptides identified by MS in order to generate neoepitope-reactive TCRs. Specificity of these candidate TCRs was confirmed by peptide titration and recognition of transduced targets. RESULTS We identified precise neoepitopes derived from mutated isoforms of KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and PIK3CA presented by HLA-A*03:01 and/or HLA-A*11:01 across multiple biological replicates. From our MS data, we were able to successfully isolate murine TCRs that specifically recognize four HLA-A*11:01 restricted neoepitopes (KRAS G13D, PIK3CA E545K, EGFR L858R and BRAF V600E) and three HLA-A*03:01 restricted neoepitopes (KRAS G12V, EGFR L858R and BRAF V600E). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that an MS approach can be used to demonstrate which shared oncogene-derived neoepitopes are processed and presented by common HLA alleles, and those MS data can rapidly be used to develop TCRs against these common tumor-specific antigens. Although further characterization of these neoepitope-specific murine TCRs is required, ultimately, they have the potential to be used clinically for adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Ade
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew J Sporn
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sudipto Das
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiya Yu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Hanada
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yue A Qi
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tapan Maity
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Udayan Guha
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- NextCure Inc, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - James C Yang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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6
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Chen H, Xu S, Zhang Y, Chen P. Systematic analysis of lncRNA gene characteristics based on PD-1 immune related pathway for the prediction of non-small cell lung cancer prognosis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:9818-9838. [PMID: 37322912 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is heterogeneous. Molecular subtyping based on the gene expression profiles is an effective technique for diagnosing and determining the prognosis of NSCLC patients. METHODS Here, we downloaded the NSCLC expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus databases. ConsensusClusterPlus was used to derive the molecular subtypes based on long-chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA) associated with the PD-1-related pathway. The LIMMA package and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox analysis were used to construct the prognostic risk model. The nomogram was constructed to predict the clinical outcomes, followed by decision curve analysis (DCA) to validate the reliability of this nomogram. RESULTS We discovered that PD-1 was strongly and positively linked to the T-cell receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, we identified two NSCLC molecular subtypes yielding a significantly distinctive prognosis. Subsequently, we developed and validated the 13-lncRNA-based prognostic risk model in the four datasets with high AUC values. Patients with low-risk showed a better survival rate and were more sensitive to PD-1 treatment. Nomogram construction combined with DCA revealed that the risk score model could accurately predict the prognosis of NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that lncRNAs engaged in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway played a significant role in the onset and development of NSCLC, and that they could influence the sensitivity to PD-1 treatment. In addition, the 13 lncRNA model was effective in assisting clinical treatment decision-making and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Shuiyu Xu
- Department of Oncology, HaploX Biotechnology, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, HaploX Biotechnology, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Peifeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, China
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7
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François A, Descarpentrie J, Badiola I, Siegfried G, Evrard S, Pernot S, Khatib AM. Reprogramming immune cells activity by furin-like enzymes as emerging strategy for enhanced immunotherapy in cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1189-1195. [PMID: 36522477 PMCID: PMC10050397 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming an advanced clinical management for various cancers. Rebuilding of aberrant immune surveillance on cancers has achieved notable progress in the past years by either in vivo or ex vivo engineering of efficient immune cells. Immune cells can be programmed with several strategies that improves their therapeutic influence and specificity. It has become noticeable that effective immunotherapy must consider the complete complexity of the immune cell function. However, today, almost all immune cells can be transiently or stably reprogrammed against various cancer cells. As a consequence, investigations have interrogated strategies to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies by enhancing T-cell infiltration into tumour tissues. Here, we review the emerging role of furin-like enzymes work related to T-cell reprogramming, their tumour infiltration and cytotoxic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia François
- RyTME, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC)-UMR1312 Inserm, B2 Ouest, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire CS50023, 33615, PESSAC, France
| | - Jean Descarpentrie
- RyTME, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC)-UMR1312 Inserm, B2 Ouest, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire CS50023, 33615, PESSAC, France
| | - Iker Badiola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Géraldine Siegfried
- RyTME, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC)-UMR1312 Inserm, B2 Ouest, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire CS50023, 33615, PESSAC, France
| | - Serge Evrard
- RyTME, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC)-UMR1312 Inserm, B2 Ouest, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire CS50023, 33615, PESSAC, France
- Institut Bergonié, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Simon Pernot
- RyTME, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC)-UMR1312 Inserm, B2 Ouest, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire CS50023, 33615, PESSAC, France
- Institut Bergonié, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Abdel-Majid Khatib
- RyTME, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology (BRIC)-UMR1312 Inserm, B2 Ouest, Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire CS50023, 33615, PESSAC, France.
- Institut Bergonié, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
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8
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Blazeska N, Kosaloglu-Yalcin Z, Vita R, Peters B, Sette A. IEDB and CEDAR: Two Sibling Databases to Serve the Global Scientific Community. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2673:133-149. [PMID: 37258911 PMCID: PMC11008223 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3239-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Various methodologies have been utilized to analyze epitope-specific responses in the context of non-self-antigens, such as those associated with infectious diseases and allergies, and in the context of self-antigens, such as those associated with transplantation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Further to this, epitope-specific data, and its associated immunological context, are crucial to training and developing predictive algorithms and pipelines for the development of specific vaccines and diagnostics. In this chapter, we describe the methodology utilized to derive two sibling resources, the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) and Cancer Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (CEDAR), to specifically host this data, and make them freely available to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Blazeska
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zeynep Kosaloglu-Yalcin
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Randi Vita
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Assessment of T Cell Receptor Complex Expression Kinetics in Natural Killer Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3859-3871. [PMID: 36135177 PMCID: PMC9497757 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the polypeptides that comprise the T cell receptor (TCR), only CD3ζ is found in Natural Killer (NK) cells, where it transmits signals from activating receptors such as CD16 and NKp46. NK cells are potent immune cells that recognize target cells through germline-encoded activating and inhibitory receptors. Genetic engineering of NK cells enables tumor-specific antigen recognition and, thus, has a significant promise in adoptive cell therapy. Ectopic expression of engineered TCR components in T cells leads to mispairing with the endogenous components, making a knockout of the endogenous TCR necessary. To circumvent the mispairing of TCRs or the need for knockout technologies, TCR complex expression has been studied in NK cells. In the current study, we explored the cellular processing of the TCR complex in NK cells. We observed that in the absence of CD3 subunits, the TCR was not expressed on the surface of NK cells and vice versa. Moreover, a progressive increase in surface expression of TCR between day three and day seven was observed after transduction. Interestingly, the TCR complex expression in NK92 cells was enhanced with a proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib) but not a lysosomal inhibitor (chloroquine). Additionally, we observed that the TCR complex was functional in NK92 cells as measured by estimating CD107a as a degranulation marker, IFNγ cytokine production, and killing assays. NK92 cells strongly degranulated when CD3ε was engaged in the presence of TCR, but not when only CD3 was overexpressed. Therefore, our findings encourage further investigation to unravel the mechanisms that prevent the surface expression of the TCR complex.
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Birtel M, Voss RH, Reinhard K, Rengstl B, Ouchan Y, Michel K, Hayduk N, Tillmann B, Becker R, Suchan M, Theobald M, Oehm P, Türeci Ö, Sahin U. A TCR-like CAR Promotes Sensitive Antigen Recognition and Controlled T-cell Expansion Upon mRNA Vaccination. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:827-841. [PMID: 36923303 PMCID: PMC10010320 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are efficacious in patients with B-cell malignancies, while their activity is limited in patients with solid tumors. We developed a novel heterodimeric TCR-like CAR (TCAR) designed to achieve optimal chain pairing and integration into the T-cell CD3 signaling complex. The TCAR mediated high antigen sensitivity and potent antigen-specific T-cell effector functions in short-term in vitro assays. Both persistence and functionality of TCAR T cells were augmented by provision of costimulatory signals, which improved proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Combination with a nanoparticulate RNA vaccine, developed for in vivo expansion of CAR T cells, promoted tightly controlled expansion, survival, and antitumor efficacy of TCAR T cells in vivo. Significance A novel TCAR is tightly controlled by RNA vaccine-mediated costimulation and may provide an alternative to second-generation CARs for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Birtel
- TRON – Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH (non-profit), Mainz, Germany
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ralf-Holger Voss
- TRON – Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH (non-profit), Mainz, Germany
- Department of Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Reinhard
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rengstl
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yasmina Ouchan
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Michel
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nina Hayduk
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bodo Tillmann
- TRON – Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH (non-profit), Mainz, Germany
| | - René Becker
- TRON – Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH (non-profit), Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Suchan
- TRON – Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH (non-profit), Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Theobald
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center (UMC) of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Oehm
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Özlem Türeci
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON – Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH (non-profit), Mainz, Germany
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC) of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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11
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Cai M, Bang S, Zhang P, Lee H. ATM-TCR: TCR-Epitope Binding Affinity Prediction Using a Multi-Head Self-Attention Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893247. [PMID: 35874725 PMCID: PMC9299376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TCR-epitope pair binding is the key component for T cell regulation. The ability to predict whether a given pair binds is fundamental to understanding the underlying biology of the binding mechanism as well as developing T-cell mediated immunotherapy approaches. The advent of large-scale public databases containing TCR-epitope binding pairs enabled the recent development of computational prediction methods for TCR-epitope binding. However, the number of epitopes reported along with binding TCRs is far too small, resulting in poor out-of-sample performance for unseen epitopes. In order to address this issue, we present our model ATM-TCR which uses a multi-head self-attention mechanism to capture biological contextual information and improve generalization performance. Additionally, we present a novel application of the attention map from our model to improve out-of-sample performance by demonstrating on recent SARS-CoV-2 data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cai
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Seojin Bang
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Heewook Lee
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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12
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Wei F, Cheng XX, Xue JZ, Xue SA. Emerging Strategies in TCR-Engineered T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850358. [PMID: 35432319 PMCID: PMC9006933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of cancer has made tremendous progress in recent years, as demonstrated by the remarkable clinical responses obtained from adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of patient-derived tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells (CAR-T) and T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells (TCR-T). TCR-T uses specific TCRS optimized for tumor engagement and can recognize epitopes derived from both cell-surface and intracellular targets, including tumor-associated antigens, cancer germline antigens, viral oncoproteins, and tumor-specific neoantigens (neoAgs) that are largely sequestered in the cytoplasm and nucleus of tumor cells. Moreover, as TCRS are naturally developed for sensitive antigen detection, they are able to recognize epitopes at far lower concentrations than required for CAR-T activation. Therefore, TCR-T holds great promise for the treatment of human cancers. In this focused review, we summarize basic, translational, and clinical insights into the challenges and opportunities of TCR-T. We review emerging strategies used in current ACT, point out limitations, and propose possible solutions. We highlight the importance of targeting tumor-specific neoAgs and outline a strategy of combining neoAg vaccines, checkpoint blockade therapy, and adoptive transfer of neoAg-specific TCR-T to produce a truly tumor-specific therapy, which is able to penetrate into solid tumors and resist the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We believe such a combination approach should lead to a significant improvement in cancer immunotherapies, especially for solid tumors, and may provide a general strategy for the eradication of multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Cheng
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, China
| | - John Zhao Xue
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, China
| | - Shao-An Xue
- Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biological & Environmental Engineering, Xi'An University, Xi'An, China
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13
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Abdulhaqq S, Ventura AB, Reed JS, Bashirova AA, Bateman KB, McDonald E, Wu HL, Greene JM, Schell JB, Morrow D, Wisskirchen K, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Carrington M, Protzer U, Früh K, Hansen SG, Picker LJ, Sacha JB, Bimber BN. Identification and Characterization of Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cells Using Surface-Trapped TNF-α and Single-Cell Sequencing. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2913-2921. [PMID: 34810222 PMCID: PMC9124229 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are key mediators of antiviral and antitumor immunity. The isolation and study of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, as well as mapping of their MHC restriction, has practical importance to the study of disease and the development of therapeutics. Unfortunately, most experimental approaches are cumbersome, owing to the highly variable and donor-specific nature of MHC-bound peptide/TCR interactions. Here we present a novel system for rapid identification and characterization of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, particularly well suited for samples with limited primary cells. Cells are stimulated ex vivo with Ag of interest, followed by live cell sorting based on surface-trapped TNF-α. We take advantage of major advances in single-cell sequencing to generate full-length sequence data from the paired TCR α- and β-chains from these Ag-specific cells. The paired TCR chains are cloned into retroviral vectors and used to transduce donor CD8+ T cells. These TCR transductants provide a virtually unlimited experimental reagent, which can be used for further characterization, such as minimal epitope mapping or identification of MHC restriction, without depleting primary cells. We validated this system using CMV-specific CD8+ T cells from rhesus macaques, characterizing an immunodominant Mamu-A1*002:01-restricted epitope. We further demonstrated the utility of this system by mapping a novel HLA-A*68:02-restricted HIV Gag epitope from an HIV-infected donor. Collectively, these data validate a new strategy to rapidly identify novel Ags and characterize Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, with applications ranging from the study of infectious disease to immunotherapeutics and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheed Abdulhaqq
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Abigail B Ventura
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Jason S Reed
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Arman A Bashirova
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katherine B Bateman
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Eric McDonald
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Helen L Wu
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Justin M Greene
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - John B Schell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - David Morrow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Karin Wisskirchen
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey N Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- HIV/AIDS Program, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR;
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Benjamin N Bimber
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
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14
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Chen L, Dong L, Ma Y, Wang J, Qiao D, Tian G, Wang M. An efficient method to identify virus-specific TCRs for TCR-T cell immunotherapy against virus-associated malignancies. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:65. [PMID: 34583647 PMCID: PMC8480097 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells genetically engineered with a T cell receptor (TCR) is a promising cancer treatment modality that requires the identification of TCRs with good characteristics. Most T cell cloning methods involve a stringent singularization process, which necessitates either tedious hands-on operations or high cost. We present an efficient and nonstringent cloning approach based on existing techniques. We hypothesize that after elimination of most nonspecific T cells, a clonotype with high quality could outcompete other clonotypes and finally form a predominant population. This TCR identification method can be used to clone virus-specific TCRs efficiently from cancer patients and is easily adoptable by any laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen International Biological Valley-Life Science Industrial Park, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianhua Dong
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen International Biological Valley-Life Science Industrial Park, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yipeng Ma
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen International Biological Valley-Life Science Industrial Park, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen International Biological Valley-Life Science Industrial Park, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongjuan Qiao
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen International Biological Valley-Life Science Industrial Park, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen International Biological Valley-Life Science Industrial Park, Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China.
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15
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Lu J, Qian J, Xu Z, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S, Zhang W. Emerging Roles of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Cancer: From Protein Aggregation to Immune-Associated Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631486. [PMID: 34235141 PMCID: PMC8255971 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) of proteins and nucleic acids has emerged as a new paradigm in the study of cellular activities. It drives the formation of liquid-like condensates containing biomolecules in the absence of membrane structures in living cells. In addition, typical membrane-less condensates such as nuclear speckles, stress granules and cell signaling clusters play important roles in various cellular activities, including regulation of transcription, cellular stress response and signal transduction. Previous studies highlighted the biophysical and biochemical principles underlying the formation of these liquid condensates. The studies also showed how these principles determine the molecular properties, LLPS behavior, and composition of liquid condensates. While the basic rules driving LLPS are continuously being uncovered, their function in cellular activities is still unclear, especially within a pathological context. Therefore, the present review summarizes the recent progress made on the existing roles of LLPS in cancer, including cancer-related signaling pathways, transcription regulation and maintenance of genome stability. Additionally, the review briefly introduces the basic rules of LLPS, and cellular signaling that potentially plays a role in cancer, including pathways relevant to immune responses and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhentian Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China.,Organ Transplantation Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Lopes R, Ferreira BV, Caetano J, Barahona F, Carneiro EA, João C. Boosting Immunity against Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1221. [PMID: 33799565 PMCID: PMC8001641 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the improvement of patient's outcome obtained by the current use of immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors or anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease. More recently, the testing in clinical trials of novel drugs such as anti-BCMA CAR-T cells, antibody-drug conjugates or bispecific antibodies broadened the possibility of improving patients' survival. However, thus far, these treatment strategies have not been able to steadily eliminate all malignant cells, and the aim has been to induce a long-term complete response with minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative status. In this sense, approaches that target not only myeloma cells but also the surrounding microenvironment are promising strategies to achieve a sustained MRD negativity with prolonged survival. This review provides an overview of current and future strategies used for immunomodulation of MM focusing on the impact on bone marrow (BM) immunome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lopes
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.L.); (B.V.F.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (E.A.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruna Velosa Ferreira
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.L.); (B.V.F.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (E.A.C.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Caetano
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.L.); (B.V.F.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (E.A.C.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Barahona
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.L.); (B.V.F.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (E.A.C.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emilie Arnault Carneiro
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.L.); (B.V.F.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (E.A.C.)
| | - Cristina João
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Research Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.L.); (B.V.F.); (J.C.); (F.B.); (E.A.C.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Jiang Y, Lv X, Ge X, Qu H, Zhang Q, Lu K, Lu Y, Xue C, Zhang L, Wang X. Wilms tumor gent 1 (WT1)-specific adoptive immunotherapy in hematologic diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107504. [PMID: 33657524 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As an attractive tumor-associated antigen (TAA), Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) is usually overexpressed in malignant hematological diseases. In recent years, WT1-specific adoptive immunotherapy has been the "hot spot" for tumor treatment. The main immunotherapeutic techniques associated with WT1 include WT1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), vaccine, and T cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy. WT1-based adoptive immunotherapy exhibited promising anti-tumorous effect with tolerable safety. There are still many limitations needed to be improved including the weak immunogenetics of WT1, immune tolerance, and short persistence of the immune response. In this review, we summarized the progress of productive technologies and the clinical or preclinical investigations of WT1-specific immunotherapy in hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China.
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Xueling Ge
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Huiting Qu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Kang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yingxue Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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18
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Wilde S, Schendel DJ. High-quality and high-avidity T cell clones specific for tumor-associated antigens and how to find them. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1643-1644. [PMID: 23264922 PMCID: PMC3525631 DOI: 10.4161/onci.21717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of lymphocytes expressing high-avidity T-cell receptors with antitumor specificity provides a promising therapy for cancer patients. Recently, we compared 12 HLA-A2-restricted, tyrosinase peptide-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clones and demonstrated that polyfunctional type 1 helper (Th1)-cytokine secretion serves to rapidly select high-quality, high-avidity CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wilde
- Institute of Molecular Immunology; Helmholtz Zentrum München; German Research Center for Environmental Health; Munich, Germany
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19
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Gómez-Henao W, Tenorio EP, Sanchez FRC, Mendoza MC, Ledezma RL, Zenteno E. Relevance of glycans in the interaction between T lymphocyte and the antigen presenting cell. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:274-288. [PMID: 33205679 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1845331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The immunological synapse promotes receptors and ligands interaction in the contact interface between the T lymphocyte and the antigen presenting cell; glycosylation of the proteins involved in this biological process favors regulation of molecular interactions and development of the T lymphocyte effector response. Glycans in the immunological synapse influence cellular and molecular processes such as folding, expression, and structural stability of proteins, they also mediate ligand-receptor interaction and propagation of the intracellular signaling or inhibition of uncontrolled cellular activation that could lead to the development of autoimmunity, among others. It has been suggested that altered glycosylation of proteins that participate in the immunological synapse affects the signaling processes and cell proliferation, as well as exacerbation of the effector mechanisms of T cells that trigger systemic damage and autoimmunity. Understanding the role of glycans in the immune response has allowed for advances in the development of immunotherapies in different fields through the controlled and specific activation of the immune response. This review describes the structural and biological aspects of glycans associated with some molecules present in the immunological synapse, providing information that allows understanding the function of glycosylation in the interaction between the T lymphocyte and the antigen-presenting cell, as well as its impact on signaling and development regulation of T lymphocytes effector response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilton Gómez-Henao
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico.,Cell Growth, Tissue Repair and Regeneration (CRRET), CNRS ERL 9215, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Eda Patricia Tenorio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Cuéllar Mendoza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico
| | - Ricardo Lascurain Ledezma
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico
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20
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Manfredi F, Cianciotti BC, Potenza A, Tassi E, Noviello M, Biondi A, Ciceri F, Bonini C, Ruggiero E. TCR Redirected T Cells for Cancer Treatment: Achievements, Hurdles, and Goals. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1689. [PMID: 33013822 PMCID: PMC7494743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a rapidly evolving therapeutic approach designed to harness T cell specificity and function to fight diseases. Based on the evidence that T lymphocytes can mediate a potent anti-tumor response, initially ACT solely relied on the isolation, in vitro expansion, and infusion of tumor-infiltrating or circulating tumor-specific T cells. Although effective in a subset of cases, in the first ACT clinical trials several patients experienced disease progression, in some cases after temporary disease control. This evidence prompted researchers to improve ACT products by taking advantage of the continuously evolving gene engineering field and by improving manufacturing protocols, to enable the generation of effective and long-term persisting tumor-specific T cell products. Despite recent advances, several challenges, including prioritization of antigen targets, identification, and optimization of tumor-specific T cell receptors, in the development of tools enabling T cells to counteract the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, still need to be faced. This review aims at summarizing the major achievements, hurdles and possible solutions designed to improve the ACT efficacy and safety profile in the context of liquid and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Manfredi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Claudia Cianciotti
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione Centro San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Potenza
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tassi
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Noviello
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Ruggiero
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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21
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Hu F, Huang D, Luo Y, Zhou P, Lv C, Wang K, Weng Q, Liu X, Guan Y, Geng Y, Du J, Chen J, Wang J, Wu H. Hematopoietic lineage-converted T cells carrying tumor-associated antigen-recognizing TCRs effectively kill tumor cells. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2019-000498. [PMID: 32669292 PMCID: PMC7368548 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated antigen (TAA) T-cell receptor (TCR) gene-engineered T cells exhibit great potential in antitumor immunotherapy. Considering the high costs and low availability of patient-derived peripheral blood T cells, substantial efforts have been made to explore alternatives to natural T cells. We previously reported that enforced expression of Hoxb5 converted B cells into induced T (iT) cells in vivo Here, we successfully regenerated naive OT1 (major histocompatibility complex I restricted ovalbumin antigen) iT cells (OT1-iT) in vivo by expressing Hoxb5 in pro-pre-B cells in the OT1 transgenic mouse. The OT1-iT cells can be activated and expanded in vitro in the presence of tumor cells. Particularly, these regenerated OT1-iT cells effectively eradicated tumor cells expressing the TAA (ovalbumin) both in vitro and in vivo This study provides insights into the translational applications of blood lineage-transdifferentiated T cells in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiao Hu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dehao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiqing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Lv
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaitao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qitong Weng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxian Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiekai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China .,CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongling Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health-Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Tsimberidou AM, Fountzilas E, Nikanjam M, Kurzrock R. Review of precision cancer medicine: Evolution of the treatment paradigm. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 86:102019. [PMID: 32251926 PMCID: PMC7272286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, biotechnological breakthroughs have led to identification of complex and unique biologic features associated with carcinogenesis. Tumor and cell-free DNA profiling, immune markers, and proteomic and RNA analyses are used to identify these characteristics for optimization of anticancer therapy in individual patients. Consequently, clinical trials have evolved, shifting from tumor type-centered to gene-directed, histology-agnostic, with innovative adaptive design tailored to biomarker profiling with the goal to improve treatment outcomes. A plethora of precision medicine trials have been conducted. The majority of these trials demonstrated that matched therapy is associated with superior outcomes compared to non-matched therapy across tumor types and in specific cancers. To improve the implementation of precision medicine, this approach should be used early in the course of the disease, and patients should have complete tumor profiling and access to effective matched therapy. To overcome the complexity of tumor biology, clinical trials with combinations of gene-targeted therapy with immune-targeted approaches (e.g., checkpoint blockade, personalized vaccines and/or chimeric antigen receptor T-cells), hormonal therapy, chemotherapy and/or novel agents should be considered. These studies should target dynamic changes in tumor biologic abnormalities, eliminating minimal residual disease, and eradicating significant subclones that confer resistance to treatment. Mining and expansion of real-world data, facilitated by the use of advanced computer data processing capabilities, may contribute to validation of information to predict new applications for medicines. In this review, we summarize the clinical trials and discuss challenges and opportunities to accelerate the implementation of precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolia M Tsimberidou
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Houston, TX.
| | - Elena Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Euromedica General Clinic, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mina Nikanjam
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
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23
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Cai L, Caraballo Galva LD, Peng Y, Luo X, Zhu W, Yao Y, Ji Y, He Y. Preclinical Studies of the Off-Target Reactivity of AFP 158-Specific TCR Engineered T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:607. [PMID: 32395117 PMCID: PMC7196607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous T cells engineered with T receptor genes (TCR) are being studied to treat cancers. We have recently identified a panel of mouse TCRs specific for the HLA-A0201/alpha fetoprotein epitope (AFP158) complex and have shown that human T cells engineered with these TCR genes (TCR-Ts) can eradicate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenografts in NSG mice. However, due to TCR’s promiscuity, their off-target cross-reactivity must be studied prior to conducting clinical trials. In this study, we conducted in vitro X-scan assay and in silico analysis to determine the off-target cross-reactivity of 3 AFP158-specific TCR-Ts. We found that the 3 AFP158-specific TCR-Ts could be cross-activated by ENPP1436 peptide and that the TCR3-Ts could also be activated by another off-target peptide, RCL1215. However, compared to AFP158, it requires 250 times more ENPP1436 and 10,000 times more RCL1215 peptides to achieve the same level of activation. The EC50 of ENPP1436 peptide for activating TCR-Ts is approximately 17–33 times higher than AFP158. Importantly, the ENPP1+ tumor cells did not activate TCR1-Ts and TCR2-Ts, and only weakly activated TCR3-Ts. The IFNγ produced by TCR3-Ts after ENPP1+ cell stimulation was >22x lower than that after HepG2 cells. And, all TCR-Ts did not kill ENPP1 + tumor cells. Furthermore, ectopic over-expression of ENPP1 protein in HLA-A2+ tumor cells did not activate TCR-Ts. In silico analysis showed that the ENPP1436 peptide affinity for HLA-A0201 was ranked 40 times lower than AFP158 and the chance of ENPP1436 peptide being processed and presented by HLA-A0201 was 100 times less likely than AFP158. In contrast, the two off-targets (Titin and MAGE-A3) that did cause severe toxicity in previous trials have the same or higher MHC-binding affinity and the same or higher chance of being processed and presented. In conclusion, our data shows that TCR-Ts can be activated by off-target ENPP1436 peptide. But, compared to target AFP158, it requires at least 250 times more ENPP1436 to achieve the same level of activation. Importantly, ENPP1436 peptide in human cells is not processed and presented to a sufficient level to activate the AFP158-specific TCR-Ts. Thus, these TCR-Ts, especially the TCR1-Ts and TCR2-Ts, will unlikely cause significant off-target toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Cai
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Leidy D Caraballo Galva
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States.,The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yibing Peng
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xiaobing Luo
- Cellular Biomedicine Group (CBMG), Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yihong Yao
- Cellular Biomedicine Group (CBMG), Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Yun Ji
- Cellular Biomedicine Group (CBMG), Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States.,The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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24
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Clinical Trials with Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells and CAR-T Cell Transplantation for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1292:113-130. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Xu X, Li T, Shen S, Wang J, Abdou P, Gu Z, Mo R. Advances in Engineering Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7889-7905. [PMID: 31695806 PMCID: PMC6831467 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy aims to utilize the host immune system to kill cancer cells. Recent representative immunotherapies include T-cell transfer therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, antibody-based immunomodulator therapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade therapy, and cytokine therapies. Recently developed therapies leveraging engineered cells for immunotherapy against cancers have been reported to enhance antitumor efficacy while reducing side effects. Such therapies range from biologically, chemically and physically -engineered cells to bioinspired and biomimetic nanomedicines. In this review, advances of engineering cells for cancer immunotherapy are summarized, and prospects of this field are discussed.
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26
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Spagnuolo A, Gridelli C. Combining immunotherapies to treat non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:621-634. [PMID: 31116072 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1623027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, immunotherapy has become an integral part of the treatment of many cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Precious therapeutic weapons impacting survival are monoclonal antibodies directed against the programmed death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint. Areas covered: Unfortunately, not all patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors have durable clinical responses. However, a better understanding of the complexity of interactions between the immune system and cancer, the latter capable of adopting evasion mechanisms, indicates different opportunities to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Expert opinion: In this paper, we review multiple strategies of combining immunotherapies that exploit not only additional immune checkpoint receptors and ligands but also other synergistic approaches such as vaccines or indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors with the potential to extend the number of NSCLC patients achieving successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Spagnuolo
- a Division of Medical Oncology , 'S. G. Moscati' Hospital , Avellino , Italy
| | - Cesare Gridelli
- a Division of Medical Oncology , 'S. G. Moscati' Hospital , Avellino , Italy
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27
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Parlar A, Sayitoglu EC, Ozkazanc D, Georgoudaki AM, Pamukcu C, Aras M, Josey BJ, Chrobok M, Branecki S, Zahedimaram P, Ikromzoda L, Alici E, Erman B, Duru AD, Sutlu T. Engineering antigen-specific NK cell lines against the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase via TCR gene transfer. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1278-1290. [PMID: 31054264 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of Chimeric Antigen Receptors to NK cells has so far been the main practical method for targeting NK cells to specific surface antigens. In contrast, T cell receptor (TCR) gene delivery can supply large populations of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) targeted against intracellular antigens. However, a major barrier in the development of safe CTL-TCR therapies exists, wherein the mispairing of endogenous and genetically transferred TCR subunits leads to formation of TCRs with off-target specificity. To overcome this and enable specific intracellular antigen targeting, we have tested the use of NK cells for TCR gene transfer to human cells. Our results show that ectopic expression of TCR α/β chains, along with CD3 subunits, enables the functional expression of an antigen-specific TCR complex on NK cell lines NK-92 and YTS, demonstrated by using a TCR against the HLA-A2-restricted tyrosinase-derived melanoma epitope, Tyr368-377 . Most importantly, the introduction of a TCR complex to NK cell lines enables MHC-restricted, antigen-specific killing of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Targeting of NK cells via TCR gene delivery stands out as a novel tool in the field of adoptive immunotherapy which can also overcome the major hurdle of "mispairing" in TCR gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Parlar
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Canan Sayitoglu
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Didem Ozkazanc
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anna-Maria Georgoudaki
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cevriye Pamukcu
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mertkaya Aras
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Benjamin J Josey
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Michael Chrobok
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Branecki
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Pegah Zahedimaram
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lolai Ikromzoda
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Alici
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Batu Erman
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adil D Duru
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tolga Sutlu
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Rahbarizadeh F, Ahmadvand D, Moghimi S. CAR T-cell bioengineering: Single variable domain of heavy chain antibody targeted CARs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 141:41-46. [PMID: 31004624 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Redirecting the recognition specificity of T lymphocytes to designated tumour cell surface antigens by transferring chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) genes is becoming an effective strategy to combat cancer. Today, CAR T-cell therapy has proven successful in the treatment of haematological malignancies and the first CD19 CAR T-cell products has already entered the market. This success is expanding CAR design for broader malignancies including solid tumours. Nevertheless, CARs such as those built on antigen-specific single chain antibody variable fragment (scFv) may induce some adverse effects. Here, we briefly review CAR T-cell bioengineering and discuss selected important initiatives for improved T-cell reprogramming, function and safety. In this respect, we further elaborate on unconventional CARs structured on single variable domain of heavy chain (VHH) antibodies (single-domain antibodies) as an alternative to scFv, because of their interesting immunological and physicochemical characteristics and unique structure, which shows a high degree of homology with human VH3 gene family.
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29
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Wolf B, Zimmermann S, Arber C, Irving M, Trueb L, Coukos G. Safety and Tolerability of Adoptive Cell Therapy in Cancer. Drug Saf 2019; 42:315-334. [DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Current and Emerging Targets in Immunotherapy for Osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7035045. [PMID: 30693030 PMCID: PMC6332920 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7035045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone. Although outcomes of patients with osteosarcoma have improved since the introduction of chemotherapy, outcomes of metastatic or unresectable osteosarcomas are still unsatisfactory. To improve osteosarcoma outcomes, the development of novel systemic therapies for osteosarcoma is needed. Since the 1880s, various immunotherapies have been utilized in patients with osteosarcoma and some patients have shown response to the treatment. Based on recent studies about the role of the immune system in malignancies, immunotherapies including immune modulators such as interleukin-2 and muramyl tripeptide, dendritic cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and engineered T cells have been utilized in patients with malignancies. Although there are limited reports of immunotherapies for osteosarcoma, immunotherapy is thought to be a promising treatment option for treating osteosarcomas. In this review, an overview of various immunotherapies for osteosarcoma is provided and their potential as adjuvant therapies is discussed.
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31
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Abstract
Malignant transformation of cells depends on accumulation of DNA damage. Over the past years we have learned that the T cell-based immune system frequently responds to the neoantigens that arise as a consequence of this DNA damage. Furthermore, recognition of neoantigens appears an important driver of the clinical activity of both T cell checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapy as cancer immunotherapies. Here we review the evidence for the relevance of cancer neoantigens in tumor control and the biological properties of these antigens. We discuss recent technological advances utilized to identify neoantigens, and the T cells that recognize them, in individual patients. Finally, we discuss strategies that can be employed to exploit cancer neoantigens in clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; , .,Oncode Institute, 3521AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Scheper
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; , .,Oncode Institute, 3521AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ,
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32
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Adoptive cellular therapies: the current landscape. Virchows Arch 2018; 474:449-461. [PMID: 30470934 PMCID: PMC6447513 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For many cancer types, the immune system plays an essential role in their development and growth. Based on these rather novel insights, immunotherapeutic strategies have been developed. In the past decade, immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated a major breakthrough in cancer treatment and has currently been approved for the treatment of multiple tumor types. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) or gene-modified T cells expressing novel T cell receptors (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is another strategy to modify the immune system to recognize tumor cells and thus carry out an anti-tumor effector function. These treatments have shown promising results in various tumor types, and multiple clinical trials are being conducted worldwide to further optimize this treatment modality. Most successful results were obtained in hematological malignancies with the use of CD19-directed CAR T cell therapy and already led to the commercial approval by the FDA. This review provides an overview of the developments in ACT, the associated toxicity, and the future potential of ACT in cancer treatment.
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33
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Echchannaoui H, Petschenka J, Ferreira EA, Hauptrock B, Lotz-Jenne C, Voss RH, Theobald M. A Potent Tumor-Reactive p53-Specific Single-Chain TCR without On- or Off-Target Autoimmunity In Vivo. Mol Ther 2018; 27:261-271. [PMID: 30528087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic engineering of T cells with a T cell receptor (TCR) targeting tumor antigen is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Inefficient expression of the introduced TCR due to TCR mispairing may limit the efficacy and adversely affect the safety of TCR gene therapy. Here, we evaluated the safety and therapeutic efficiency of an optimized single-chain TCR (scTCR) specific for an HLA-A2.1-restricted (non-mutated) p53(264-272) peptide in adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) models using our unique transgenic mice expressing human p53 and HLA-A2.1 that closely mimic the human setting. Specifically, we showed that adoptive transfer of optimized scTCR-redirected T cells does not induce on-target and off-target autoimmunity. Furthermore, ACT resulted in full tumor protection and led to a long-lived effective, antigen-specific memory T cell response in syngeneic and xenograft models. Taken together, the study demonstrated that our scTCR specific for the broadly expressed tumor-associated antigen p53(264-272) can eradicate p53+A2.1+ tumor cells without inducing off-target or self-directed toxicities in mouse models of ACT. These data strongly support the improved safety and therapeutic efficacy of high-affinity p53scTCR for TCR-based immunotherapy of p53-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakim Echchannaoui
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center (UMC) and University Cancer Center (UCT), Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC), Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jutta Petschenka
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center (UMC) and University Cancer Center (UCT), Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Edite Antunes Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center (UMC) and University Cancer Center (UCT), Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate Hauptrock
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center (UMC) and University Cancer Center (UCT), Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carina Lotz-Jenne
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center (UMC) and University Cancer Center (UCT), Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ralf-Holger Voss
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center (UMC) and University Cancer Center (UCT), Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Theobald
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center (UMC) and University Cancer Center (UCT), Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center (UMC), Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhu W, Peng Y, Wang L, Hong Y, Jiang X, Li Q, Liu H, Huang L, Wu J, Celis E, Merchen T, Kruse E, He Y. Identification of α-fetoprotein-specific T-cell receptors for hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy. Hepatology 2018; 68:574-589. [PMID: 29443377 PMCID: PMC7368991 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major form of liver cancer for which there is no effective therapy. Genetic modification with T-cell receptors (TCRs) specific for HCC-associated antigens, such as α-fetoprotein (AFP), can potentially redirect human T cells to specifically recognize and kill HCC tumor cells to achieve antitumor effects. In this study, using lentivector and peptide immunization, we identified a population of cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) T cells in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 transgenic AAD mice that recognized AFP158 epitope on human HCC cells. Adoptive transfer of the AFP158 -specific mouse CD8 T cells eradicated HepG2 tumor xenografts as large as 2 cm in diameter in immunocompromised nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient gamma knockout (NSG) mice. We then established T-cell hybridoma clones from the AFP158 -specific mouse CD8 T cells and identified three sets of paired TCR genes out of five hybridomas. Expression of the murine TCR genes redirected primary human T cells to bind HLA-A2/AFP158 tetramer. TCR gene-engineered human T (TCR-T) cells also specifically recognized HLA-A2+ AFP+ HepG2 HCC tumor cells and produced effector cytokines. Importantly, the TCR-T cells could specifically kill HLA-A2+ AFP+ HepG2 tumor cells without significant toxicity to normal primary hepatocytes in vitro. Adoptive transfer of the AFP-specific TCR-T cells could eradicate HepG2 tumors in NSG mice. CONCLUSION We have identified AFP-specific murine TCR genes that can redirect human T cells to specifically recognize and kill HCC tumor cells, and those AFP158 -specific TCRs have a great potential to engineer a patient's autologous T cells to treat HCC tumors. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Yibing Peng
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Lan Wang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Yuan Hong
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Xiaotao Jiang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Qi Li
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Heping Liu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Lei Huang
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Juan Wu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Esteban Celis
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Todd Merchen
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Edward Kruse
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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35
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Saudemont A, Jespers L, Clay T. Current Status of Gene Engineering Cell Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2018; 9:153. [PMID: 29459866 PMCID: PMC5807372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo manipulations of autologous patient’s cells or gene-engineered cell therapeutics have allowed the development of cell and gene therapy approaches to treat otherwise incurable diseases. These modalities of personalized medicine have already shown great promises including product commercialization for some rare diseases. The transfer of a chimeric antigen receptor or T cell receptor genes into autologous T cells has led to very promising outcomes for some cancers, and particularly for hematological malignancies. In addition, gene-engineered cell therapeutics are also being explored to induce tolerance and regulate inflammation. Here, we review the latest gene-engineered cell therapeutic approaches being currently explored to induce an efficient immune response against cancer cells or viruses by engineering T cells, natural killer cells, gamma delta T cells, or cytokine-induced killer cells and to modulate inflammation using regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy Clay
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States
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36
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Cell death-based treatments of melanoma:conventional treatments and new therapeutic strategies. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:112. [PMID: 29371600 PMCID: PMC5833861 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of malignant melanoma has continued to rise during the past decades. However, in the last few years, treatment protocols have significantly been improved thanks to a better understanding of the key oncogenes and signaling pathways involved in its pathogenesis and progression. Anticancer therapy would either kill tumor cells by triggering apoptosis or permanently arrest them in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Unfortunately, melanoma is often refractory to commonly used anticancer drugs. More recently, however, some new anticancer strategies have been developed that are “external” to cancer cells, for example stimulating the immune system’s response or inhibiting angiogenesis. In fact, the increasing knowledge of melanoma pathogenetic mechanisms, in particular the discovery of genetic mutations activating specific oncogenes, stimulated the development of molecularly targeted therapies, a form of treatment in which a drug (chemical or biological) is developed with the goal of exclusively destroying cancer cells by interfering with specific molecules that drive growth and spreading of the tumor. Again, after the initial exciting results associated with targeted therapy, tumor resistance and/or relapse of the melanoma lesion have been observed. Hence, very recently, new therapeutic strategies based on the modulation of the immune system function have been developed. Since cancer cells are known to be capable of evading immune-mediated surveillance, i.e., to block the immune system cell activity, a series of molecular strategies, including monoclonal antibodies, have been developed in order to “release the brakes” on the immune system igniting immune reactivation and hindering metastatic melanoma cell growth. In this review we analyze the various biological strategies underlying conventional chemotherapy as well as the most recently developed targeted therapies and immunotherapies, pointing at the molecular mechanisms of cell injury and death engaged by the different classes of therapeutic agents.
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37
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An optimized single chain TCR scaffold relying on the assembly with the native CD3-complex prevents residual mispairing with endogenous TCRs in human T-cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:21199-221. [PMID: 27028870 PMCID: PMC5008279 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of cancer envisions the adoptive transfer of T-cells genetically engineered with tumor-specific heterodimeric α/β T-cell receptors (TCRα/β). However, potential mispairing of introduced TCRα/β-chains with endogenous β/α-ones may evoke unpredictable autoimmune reactivities. A novel single chain (sc)TCR format relies on the fusion of the Vα-Linker-Vβ-fragment to the TCR Cβ-domain and coexpression of the TCR Cα-domain capable of recruiting the natural CD3-complex for full and hence, native T-cell signaling. Here, we tested whether such a gp100(280-288)- or p53(264-272) tumor antigen-specific scTCR is still prone to mispairing with TCRα. In a human Jurkat-76 T-cell line lacking endogenous TCRs, surface expression and function of a scTCR could be reconstituted by any cointroduced TCRα-chain indicating mispairing to take place on a molecular basis. In contrast, transduction into human TCRα/β-positive T-cells revealed that mispairing is largely reduced. Competition experiments in Jurkat-76 confirmed the preference of dcTCR to selfpair and to spare scTCR. This also allowed for the generation of dc/scTCR-modified cytomegalovirus/tumor antigen-bispecific T-cells to augment T-cell activation in CMV-infected tumor patients. Residual mispairing was prevented by strenghtening the Vα-Li-Vβ-fragment through the design of a novel disulfide bond between a Vα- and a linker-resident residue close to Vβ. Multimer-stainings, and cytotoxicity-, IFNγ-secretion-, and CFSE-proliferation-assays, the latter towards dendritic cells endogenously processing RNA-electroporated gp100 antigen proved the absence of hybrid scTCR/TCRα-formation without impairing avidity of scTCR/Cα in T-cells. Moreover, a fragile cytomegalovirus pp65(495-503)-specific scTCR modified this way acquired enhanced cytotoxicity. Thus, optimized scTCR/Cα inhibits residual TCR mispairing to accomplish safe adoptive immunotherapy for bulk endogenous TCRα/β-positive T-cells.
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38
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Kato T, Matsuda T, Ikeda Y, Park JH, Leisegang M, Yoshimura S, Hikichi T, Harada M, Zewde M, Sato S, Hasegawa K, Kiyotani K, Nakamura Y. Effective screening of T cells recognizing neoantigens and construction of T-cell receptor-engineered T cells. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29541393 PMCID: PMC5834292 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantigens are the main targets of tumor-specific T cells reactivated by immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies or when using tumor-infiltrating T cells for adoptive therapy. While cancers often accumulate hundreds of mutations and harbor several immunogenic neoantigens, the repertoire of mutation-specific T cells in patients might be restricted. To bypass suboptimal conditions, which impede the reactivation of existing T cells or the priming of neoantigen-specific T cells in a patient, we employ T cells of healthy donors with an overlapping HLA repertoire to target cancer neoantigens. In this study, we focus on streamlining the process of in vitro-induction of neoantigen-specific T cells and isolating their T cell receptors (TCRs) to establish a time-efficient protocol that will allow the patient to benefit from subsequent therapy. We first optimized the priming of T cells to omit multiple restimulations and extended culturing. Neoantigen-specific T cells were enriched using specific dextramers and next-generation sequencing was applied to determine the TCR repertoire. This allowed us to circumvent the laborious process of expanding T cell clones. Using this protocol, we successfully identified HLA-A-restricted TCRs specific for neoantigens found in an esophageal cancer cell line (TE-8) and a primary ovarian cancer. To verify TCR specificity, we generated TCR-engineered T cells and confirmed recognition of the tumor-derived neoantigens. Our results also emphasize the importance of neoepitope selection in order to avoid cross-reactivity to corresponding wild-type peptide sequences. In conclusion, we established a 2-week protocol for generating and identifying neoantigen-specific TCRs from third-party donors making this strategy applicable for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taigo Kato
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tatsuo Matsuda
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Matthias Leisegang
- Institute of Immunology - Campus Buch, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13125, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | | | - Tetsuro Hikichi
- OncoTherapy Science Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Makiko Harada
- OncoTherapy Science Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Makda Zewde
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sho Sato
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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39
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Villanueva N, Bazhenova L. New strategies in immunotherapy for lung cancer: beyond PD-1/PD-L1. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2018; 12:1753466618794133. [PMID: 30215300 PMCID: PMC6144513 DOI: 10.1177/1753466618794133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has significantly altered the treatment landscape for many cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently approved immuno-oncology agents for lung cancer are aimed at the reversal of immune checkpoints, programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). Although responses to checkpoint inhibitors are encouraging, and in some cases durable, these successes are not universal among all treated patients. In order to optimize our treatment approach utilizing immunotherapy, we must better understand the interaction between cancer and the immune system and evasion mechanisms. In this review, we will provide an overview of the immune system and cancer, and review novel therapies that promote tumor antigen release for immune system detection, activate the effector T-cell response, and reverse inhibitory antitumor signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Villanueva
- University of California, San Diego, Moore’s Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lyudmila Bazhenova
- 3855 Health Sciences Drive, #0987 La Jolla, University of California, San Diego, Moore’s Cancer Center, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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40
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Janssen LME, Ramsay EE, Logsdon CD, Overwijk WW. The immune system in cancer metastasis: friend or foe? J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:79. [PMID: 29037250 PMCID: PMC5644253 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease is the leading cause of death among cancer patients and involves a complex and inefficient process. Every step of the metastatic process can be rate limiting and is influenced by non-malignant host cells interacting with the tumor cell. Over a century ago, experiments first indicated a link between the immune system and metastasis. This phenomenon, called concomitant immunity, indicates that the primary tumor induces an immune response, which may not be sufficient to destroy the primary tumor, but prevents the growth of a secondary tumor or metastases. Since that time, many different immune cells have been shown to play a role in both inhibiting and promoting metastatic disease. Here we review classic and new observations, describing the links between the immune system and metastasis that inform the development of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M E Janssen
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emma E Ramsay
- Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Willem W Overwijk
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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41
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Antonia SJ, Vansteenkiste JF, Moon E. Immunotherapy: Beyond Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 Therapies. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 35:e450-8. [PMID: 27249753 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_158712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer are cancers in which chemotherapy produces a survival benefit, although it is small. We now know that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 has substantial clinical activity in both of these diseases, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 15%-20%. These responses are frequently rapid and durable, increase median overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy, and produce long-term survivors. Despite these very significant results, many patients do not benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1. This is because of the potential for malignancies to co-opt myriad immunosuppressive mechanisms other than aberrant expression of PD-L1. Conceptually, these can be divided into three categories. First, for some patients there is likely a failure to generate sufficient functional tumor antigen-specific T cells. Second, for others, tumor antigen-specific T cells may be generated but fail to enter into the tumor parenchyma. Finally, there are a large number of immunosuppressive mechanisms that have the potential to be operational within the tumor microenvironment: surface membrane immune checkpoint proteins PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG3, TIM3, BTLA, and adenosine A2AR; soluble factors and metabolic alterations interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, adenosine, IDO, and arginase; and inhibitory cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated macrophages. In this article, we discuss three strategies to generate more tumor-reactive T cells for patients: anti-CTLA-4, therapeutic tumor vaccination, and adoptive cellular therapy, with T cells redirected to tumor antigens using T-cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene modification. We also review some of the various strategies in development to thwart tumor microenvironment immunosuppressive mechanisms. Strategies to drive more T cells into tumors remain a significant challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Antonia
- From the Department of Thoracic Oncology Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Respiratory Oncology Unit, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Johan F Vansteenkiste
- From the Department of Thoracic Oncology Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Respiratory Oncology Unit, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edmund Moon
- From the Department of Thoracic Oncology Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Respiratory Oncology Unit, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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42
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TCR-based therapy for multiple myeloma and other B-cell malignancies targeting intracellular transcription factor BOB1. Blood 2017; 129:1284-1295. [PMID: 28053195 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-737536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for hematological malignancies or solid tumors by administration of monoclonal antibodies or T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors or T-cell receptors (TCRs) has demonstrated clinical efficacy. However, antigen-loss tumor escape variants and the absence of currently targeted antigens on several malignancies hamper the widespread application of immunotherapy. We have isolated a TCR targeting a peptide of the intracellular B cell-specific transcription factor BOB1 presented in the context of HLA-B*07:02. TCR gene transfer installed BOB1 specificity and reactivity onto recipient T cells. TCR-transduced T cells efficiently lysed primary B-cell leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma in vitro. We also observed recognition and lysis of healthy BOB1-expressing B cells. In addition, strong BOB1-specific proliferation could be demonstrated for TCR-modified T cells upon antigen encounter. Furthermore, clear in vivo antitumor reactivity was observed of BOB1-specific TCR-engineered T cells in a xenograft mouse model of established multiple myeloma. Absence of reactivity toward a broad panel of BOB1- but HLA-B*07:02+ nonhematopoietic and hematopoietic cells indicated no off-target toxicity. Therefore, administration of BOB1-specific TCR-engineered T cells may provide novel cellular treatment options to patients with B-cell malignancies, including multiple myeloma.
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43
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Tan MP, Dolton GM, Gerry AB, Brewer JE, Bennett AD, Pumphrey NJ, Jakobsen BK, Sewell AK. Human leucocyte antigen class I-redirected anti-tumour CD4 + T cells require a higher T cell receptor binding affinity for optimal activity than CD8 + T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:124-137. [PMID: 27324616 PMCID: PMC5167017 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T helper cells are a valuable component of the immune response towards cancer. Unfortunately, natural tumour‐specific CD4+ T cells occur in low frequency, express relatively low‐affinity T cell receptors (TCRs) and show poor reactivity towards cognate antigen. In addition, the lack of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II expression on most cancers dictates that these cells are often unable to respond to tumour cells directly. These deficiencies can be overcome by transducing primary CD4+ T cells with tumour‐specific HLA class I‐restricted TCRs prior to adoptive transfer. The lack of help from the co‐receptor CD8 glycoprotein in CD4+ cells might result in these cells requiring a different optimal TCR binding affinity. Here we compared primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing wild‐type and a range of affinity‐enhanced TCRs specific for the HLA A*0201‐restricted NY‐ESO‐1‐ and gp100 tumour antigens. Our major findings are: (i) redirected primary CD4+ T cells expressing TCRs of sufficiently high affinity exhibit a wide range of effector functions, including cytotoxicity, in response to cognate peptide; and (ii) optimal TCR binding affinity is higher in CD4+ T cells than CD8+ T cells. These results indicate that the CD4+ T cell component of current adoptive therapies using TCRs optimized for CD8+ T cells is below par and that there is room for substantial improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Tan
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - G M Dolton
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A K Sewell
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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44
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Wang Z, Li B, Ren Y, Ye Z. T-Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Osteosarcoma: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Immunol 2016; 7:353. [PMID: 27683579 PMCID: PMC5021687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though combining surgery with chemotherapy has significantly improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients, advanced, metastatic, or recurrent osteosarcomas are often non-responsive to chemotherapy, making development of novel efficient therapeutic methods an urgent need. Adoptive immunotherapy has the potential to be a useful non-surgical modality for treatment of osteosarcoma. Recently, alternative strategies, including immunotherapies using naturally occurring or genetically modified T cells, have been found to hold promise in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. In this review, we will discuss possible T-cell-based therapies against osteosarcoma with a special emphasis on combination strategies to improve the effectiveness of adoptive T cell transfer and, thus, to provide a rationale for the clinical development of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yingqing Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedics Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
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45
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Beatty GL, O'Hara M. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for the treatment of solid tumors: Defining the challenges and next steps. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 166:30-9. [PMID: 27373504 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown promise in CD19 expressing hematologic malignancies, but how to translate this success to solid malignancies remains elusive. Effective translation of CAR T cells to solid tumors will require an understanding of potential therapeutic barriers, including factors that regulate CAR T cells expansion, persistence, trafficking, and fate within tumors. Herein, we describe the current state of CAR T cells in solid tumors; define key barriers to CAR T cell efficacy and mechanisms underlying these barriers, outline potential avenues for overcoming these therapeutic obstacles, and discuss the future of translating CAR T cells for the treatment of patients with solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Mark O'Hara
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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46
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Holler A, Zech M, Ghorashian S, Pike R, Hotblack A, Veliça P, Xue SA, Chakraverty R, Morris EC, Stauss HJ. Expression of a dominant T-cell receptor can reduce toxicity and enhance tumor protection of allogeneic T-cell therapy. Haematologica 2016; 101:482-90. [PMID: 26802053 PMCID: PMC5004405 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.132712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of specificity for tumor antigens, allogeneic T-cell therapy is associated with graft-versus-host disease. Enhancing the anti-tumor specificity while reducing the graft-versus-host disease risk of allogeneic T cells has remained a research focus. In this study, we demonstrate that the introduction of 'dominant' T-cell receptors into primary murine T cells can suppress the expression of endogenous T-cell receptors in a large proportion of the gene-modified T cells. Adoptive transfer of allogeneic T cells expressing a 'dominant' T-cell receptor significantly reduced the graft-versus-host toxicity in recipient mice. Using two bone marrow transplant models, enhanced anti-tumor activity was observed in the presence of reduced graft-versus-host disease. However, although transfer of T-cell receptor gene-modified allogeneic T cells resulted in the elimination of antigen-positive tumor cells and improved the survival of treated mice, it was associated with accumulation of T cells expressing endogenous T-cell receptors and the development of delayed graft-versus-host disease. The in-vivo deletion of the engineered T cells, mediated by endogenous mouse mammary tumor virus MTV8 and MTV9, abolished graft-versus-host disease while retaining significant anti-tumor activity of adoptively transferred T cells. Together, this study shows that the in-vitro selection of allogeneic T cells expressing high levels of a 'dominant' T-cell receptor can lower acute graft-versus-host disease and enhance anti-tumor activity of adoptive cell therapy, while the in-vivo outgrowth of T cells expressing endogenous T-cell receptors remains a risk factor for the delayed onset of graft-versus-host disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/methods
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Dominant
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/genetics
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/pathology
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Lymphocyte Depletion/methods
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Transgenes
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Whole-Body Irradiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Holler
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital London
| | - Mathias Zech
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital London
| | - Sara Ghorashian
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital London
| | - Rebecca Pike
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital London
| | - Alastair Hotblack
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital London
| | - Pedro Veliça
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital London
| | - Shao-An Xue
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital London
| | - Ronjon Chakraverty
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital London Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, UK
| | - Emma C Morris
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital London
| | - Hans J Stauss
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital London
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47
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McLaughlin L, Cruz CR, Bollard CM. Adoptive T-cell therapies for refractory/relapsed leukemia and lymphoma: current strategies and recent advances. Ther Adv Hematol 2015; 6:295-307. [PMID: 26622998 DOI: 10.1177/2040620715594736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in the treatment and outcome of hematologic malignancies, prognosis remains poor for patients who have relapsed or refractory disease. Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy offers novel therapeutics that attempt to utilize the noted graft versus leukemia effect. While CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have thus far been the most clinically successful application of adoptive T immunotherapy, further work with antigen specific T cells and CARs that recognize other targets have helped diversify the field to treat a broad spectrum of hematologic malignancies. This article will focus primarily on therapies currently in the clinical trial phase as well as current downfalls or limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren McLaughlin
- Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Russell Cruz
- Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, 111 Michigan Ave, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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48
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Redeker A, Welten SPM, Baert MRM, Vloemans SA, Tiemessen MM, Staal FJT, Arens R. The Quantity of Autocrine IL-2 Governs the Expansion Potential of CD8+ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4792-801. [PMID: 26453748 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adequate responsiveness of CD8(+) T cell populations is of utmost importance for the efficacy of many vaccines and immunotherapeutic strategies against intracellular pathogens and cancer. In this study, we show in mouse models that the relative number of IL-2-producing cells within Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations predicts the population expansion capacity upon challenge. We further demonstrate that IL-2 producers constitute the best responding subset. Notably, we show that elevated production of IL-2 by CD8(+) T cells results in concomitant improved population expansion capacity and immunity. The amount of IL-2 produced on a per-cell basis essentially connects directly to the superior CD8(+) T cell population expansion. Together, our findings identified that autocrine IL-2 production operates in a dose-dependent fashion to facilitate the expansion potential of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations, which may instigate ways to augment therapies depending on fit CD8(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Redeker
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne P M Welten
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda R M Baert
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra A Vloemans
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Machteld M Tiemessen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
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49
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Moon EK, Ranganathan R, Eruslanov E, Kim S, Newick K, O'Brien S, Lo A, Liu X, Zhao Y, Albelda SM. Blockade of Programmed Death 1 Augments the Ability of Human T Cells Engineered to Target NY-ESO-1 to Control Tumor Growth after Adoptive Transfer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:436-47. [PMID: 26324743 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) become hypofunctional, although the mechanisms are not clear. Our goal was to generate a model of human tumor-induced TIL hypofunction to study mechanisms and to test anti-human therapeutics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We transduced human T cells with a published, optimized T-cell receptor (TCR) that is directed to a peptide within the cancer testis antigen, NY-ESO-1. After demonstrating antigen-specific in vitro activity, these cells were used to target a human lung cancer line that expressed NY-ESO-1 in the appropriate HLA context growing in immunodeficient mice. The ability of anti-PD1 antibody to augment efficacy was tested. RESULTS Injection of transgenic T cells had some antitumor activity, but did not eliminate the tumors. The injected T cells became profoundly hypofunctional accompanied by upregulation of PD1, Tim3, and Lag3 with coexpression of multiple inhibitory receptors in a high percentage of cells. This model allowed us to test reagents targeted specifically to human T cells. We found that injections of an anti-PD1 antibody in combination with T cells led to decreased TIL hypofunction and augmented the efficacy of the adoptively transferred T cells. CONCLUSIONS This model offers a platform for preclinical testing of adjuvant immunotherapeutics targeted to human T cells prior to transition to the bedside. Because the model employs engineering of human T cells with a TCR clone instead of a CAR, it allows for study of the biology of tumor-reactive TILs that signal through an endogenous TCR. The lessons learned from TCR-engineered TILs can thus be applied to tumor-reactive TILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund K Moon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Raghuveer Ranganathan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kheng Newick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaun O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Albert Lo
- Department of Animal Biology and Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yangbing Zhao
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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50
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Motozono C, Bridgeman JS, Price DA, Sewell AK, Ueno T. Clonotypically similar hybrid αβ T cell receptors can exhibit markedly different surface expression, antigen specificity and cross-reactivity. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:560-70. [PMID: 25721491 PMCID: PMC4449784 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that particular major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐bound antigenic peptides can be recognized by identical or near‐identical αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) in different individuals. To establish the functional relevance of this phenomenon, we artificially paired α and β chains from closely related TCRs specific for the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐B*35:01‐restricted HIV‐1 negative regulatory factor (Nef)‐derived epitope VY8 (VPLRPMTY, residues 74–81). Several hybrid TCRs generated in this manner failed to express at the cell surface, despite near homology with naturally isolated αβ chain combinations. Moreover, a substantial proportion of those αβ TCRs that did express lost specificity for the index VY8 peptide sequence. One such hybrid αβ pair gained neo‐variant specificity in the context of the VY8 backbone. Collectively, these data show that clonotypically similar TCRs can display profound differences in surface expression, antigen specificity and cross‐reactivity with potential relevance for the control of mutable viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Motozono
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - J S Bridgeman
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - D A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - A K Sewell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - T Ueno
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,International Research Center for Medical Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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