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Xu H, Cao Y, Ruan J, Wang F, He Y, Yang L, Yu T, Du F, Zhang N, Cao X. The effects of BMP2 and the mechanisms involved in the invasion and angiogenesis of IDH1 mutant glioma cells. J Neurooncol 2024:10.1007/s11060-024-04789-x. [PMID: 39117967 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of an isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation (mutIDH1) on the invasion and angiogenesis of human glioma cells. METHODS Doxycycline was used to induce the expression of mutIDH1 in glioma cells. Transwell and wound healing assays were conducted to assess glioma cell migration and invasion. Western blotting and cell immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression levels of various proteins. The influence of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) on invasion, angiogenesis-related factors, BMP2-related receptor expression, and changes in Smad signaling pathway-related proteins were evaluated after treatment with BMP2. Differential gene expression and reference transcription analysis were performed. RESULTS Successful infection with recombinant lentivirus expressing mutIDH1 was demonstrated. The IDH1 mutation promoted glioma cell migration and invasion while positively regulating the expression of vascularization-related factors and BMP2-related receptors. BMP2 exhibited a positive regulatory effect on the migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of mutIDH1-glioma cells, possibly mediated by BMP2-induced alterations in Smad signaling pathway-related factors.After BMP2 treatment, the differential genes of MutIDH1-glioma cells are closely related to the regulation of cell migration and cell adhesion, especially the regulation of Smad-related proteins. KEGG analysis confirmed that it was related to BMP signaling pathway and TGF-β signaling pathway and cell adhesion. Enrichment analysis of gene ontology and genome encyclopedia further confirmed the correlation of these pathways. CONCLUSION Mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 promotes the migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of glioma cells, through its effects on the BMP2-driven Smad signaling pathway. In addition, BMP2 altered the transcriptional patterns of mutIDH1 glioma cells, enriching different gene loci in pathways associated with invasion, migration, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiao Ruan
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Lina Yang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Fang Du
- School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Ningmei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China.
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, Hui Autonomous Region, P.R. China.
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Maji S, Kumar A, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Das SK. Molecular landscape of prostate cancer bone metastasis. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 161:321-365. [PMID: 39032953 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) has a high propensity to develop bone metastases, causing severe pain and pathological fractures that profoundly impact a patients' normal functions. Current clinical intervention is mainly palliative focused on pain management, and tumor progression is refractory to standard therapeutic regimens. This limited treatment efficacy is at least partially due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the molecular landscape of the disease pathology, along with the intensive overlapping of physiological and pathological molecular signaling. The niche is overwhelmed with diverse cell types with inter- and intra-heterogeneity, along with growth factor-enriched cells that are supportive of invading cell proliferation, providing an additional layer of complexity. This review seeks to provide molecular insights into mechanisms underlying PC bone metastasis development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Maji
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Sugyo A, Tsuji AB, Sudo H, Sugiura Y, Koizumi M, Higashi T. Wnt1 induces osteoblastic changes in a well-established osteolytic skeletal metastatic model derived from breast cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1909. [PMID: 37840014 PMCID: PMC10728502 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoblastic skeletal metastasis is frequently observed in prostate cancer. An effective therapy has not been developed due to the unclear molecular mechanism. The Wnt family is involved in various biological phenomena including bone metabolism. There is no direct evidence that the family causes osteoblastic skeletal metastasis. AIMS The present study aims to evaluate whether overexpressed Wnt induces osteoblastic bone metastasis in a well-established osteolytic bone metastatic model. METHODS AND RESULTS The breast cancer-derived 5a-D-Luc-ZsGreen cells were transfected with Wnt1, Wnt3A, and Wnt5A expression vectors, producing stably highly expressing cells. These cells were intracardially transplanted in nude mice. Bone metastasis development was confirmed by fluorescence imaging. Hind-limb bones including metastasis were dissected and visualized through micro-CT imaging. After imaging, sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and immunohistochemically stained with an anti-SATB2 antibody. Luminescent imaging confirmed mice with bone metastases in the hind limbs. Micro-CT imaging found an osteoblastic change only in bone metastasis of mice transplanted with Wnt1-expressing cells. This was confirmed on H&E-stained sections. SATB2 immunostaining showed differentiated osteoblasts were at the site of bone metastases in the diaphysis. SATB2 in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activated by overexpressed Wnt1 could induce osteoblastic change. CONCLUSION Our findings provided direct evidence Wnt1 is involved in osteoblastic bone metastasis development. Our model would be a powerful tool for further elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying the disease and developing effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sugyo
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and TheranosticsInstitute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Atsushi B. Tsuji
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and TheranosticsInstitute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and TheranosticsInstitute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Yoshiya Sugiura
- Department of PathologyToho University Sakura Medical CenterSakuraJapan
| | - Mitsuru Koizumi
- Department of Nuclear MedicineCancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine Group, Department of Molecular Imaging and TheranosticsInstitute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
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Wang S, Wu W, Lin X, Zhang KM, Wu Q, Luo M, Zhou J. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers of bone metastasis in breast cancer: current status and future directions. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:224. [PMID: 38041134 PMCID: PMC10693103 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common site of metastasis in breast cancer is the bone, where the balance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation is disrupted. This imbalance causes osteolytic bone metastasis in breast cancer, which leads to bone pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, and other skeletal-related events (SREs). These complications reduce patients' quality of life significantly and have a profound impact on prognosis. In this review, we begin by providing a brief overview of the epidemiology of bone metastasis in breast cancer, including current diagnostic tools, treatment approaches, and existing challenges. Then, we will introduce the pathophysiology of breast cancer bone metastasis (BCBM) and the animal models involved in the study of BCBM. We then come to the focus of this paper: a discussion of several biomarkers that have the potential to provide predictive and prognostic value in the context of BCBM-some of which may be particularly compatible with more comprehensive liquid biopsies. Beyond that, we briefly explore the potential of new technologies such as single-cell sequencing and organoid models, which will improve our understanding of tumor heterogeneity and aid in the development of improved biomarkers. The emerging biomarkers discussed hold promise for future clinical application, aiding in the prevention of BCBM, improving the prognosis of patients, and guiding the implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenkangle Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixi Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - QingLiang Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
- Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Mingpeng Luo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Liu M, Sui L, Fang Z, Jiang WG, Ye L. Aberrant expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in the disease progression and metastasis of breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1166955. [PMID: 37333824 PMCID: PMC10272747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1166955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play crucial roles in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of cancers. Controversy remains about the exact implications of BMPs and their antagonists in breast cancer (BC), due to their diverse and complex biological functions and signalling. A comprehensive study of the whole family and their signalling in breast cancer is provoked. Methods Aberrant expression of BMP, BMP receptors and antagonists in primary tumours in breast cancer were analysed by using TCGA-BRCA and E-MTAB-6703 cohorts. Related biomarkers including ER, HER, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and bone metastasis were involved to identify the relationship with BMPs in breast cancer. Results The present study showed BMP8B was significantly increased in breast tumours, while BMP6 and ACVRL1 were decreased in breast cancer tissues. The expressions of BMP2, BMP6, TGFBR1 and GREM1 were significantly correlated with BC patients' poor overall survival. Aberrant expression of BMPs, together with BMP receptors, were explored in different subtypes of breast cancer according to ER, PR and HER2 status. Furthermore, higher levels of BMP2, BMP6 and GDF5 were revealed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) whilst BMP4, GDF15, ACVR1B, ACVR2B and BMPR1B were relatively higher in Luminal type BC. ACVR1B and BMPR1B were positively correlated with ERα but were inversely correlated with ERβ. High expression of GDF15, BMP4 and ACVR1B were associated with poorer overall survival in HER2 positive BC. BMPs also play dual roles in tumour growth and metastasis of BC. Conclusion A shift pattern of BMPs was showed in different subtypes of breast cancer suggesting a subtype specific involvement. It provokes more research to shed light on the exact role of these BMPs and receptors in the disease progression and distant metastasis through a regulation of proliferation, invasion and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Laijian Sui
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ziqian Fang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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6
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Landini L, Marini M, Souza Monteiro de Araujo D, Romitelli A, Montini M, Albanese V, Titiz M, Innocenti A, Bianchini F, Geppetti P, Nassini R, De Logu F. Schwann Cell Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Type-1 Mediates Metastatic Bone Cancer Pain in Mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:348-364. [PMID: 36940752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), an osteoclast-dependent osteolysis biomarker, contributes to metastatic bone cancer pain (MBCP), but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In mice, the femur metastasis caused by intramammary inoculation of breast cancer cells resulted in IGF-1 increase in femur and sciatic nerve, and IGF-1-dependent stimulus/non-stimulus-evoked pain-like behaviors. Adeno-associated virus-based shRNA selective silencing of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in Schwann cells, but not in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, attenuated pain-like behaviors. Intraplantar IGF-1 evoked acute nociception and mechanical/cold allodynia, which were reduced by selective IGF-1R silencing in DRG neurons and Schwann cells, respectively. Schwann cell IGF-1R signaling promoted an endothelial nitric oxide synthase-mediated transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) activation and release of reactive oxygen species that, via macrophage-colony stimulating factor-dependent endoneurial macrophage expansion, sustained pain-like behaviors. Osteoclast derived IGF-1 initiates a Schwann cell-dependent neuroinflammatory response that sustains a proalgesic pathway that provides new options for MBCP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Landini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Matilde Marini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | | | - Antonia Romitelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Marco Montini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Medical Genetics Unit, University of Florence, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences - DEPS, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Mustafa Titiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Alessandro Innocenti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery - Careggi University Hospital, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50141, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy.
| | - Francesco De Logu
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, 50139, Italy
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7
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Organotropism of breast cancer metastasis: A comprehensive approach to the shared gene network. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Taheri F, Ebrahimi SO, Heidari R, Pour SN, Reiisi S. Mechanism and function of miR-140 in human cancers: A review and in silico study. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154265. [PMID: 36509008 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-140 (miR-140) acts as a tumor suppressor and plays a vital role in cell biological functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. The expression of this miRNA has been shown to be considerably decreased in cancer tissues and cell lines compared with normal adjacent tissues. Consequently, aberrant expression of some miR-140 target genes can lead to the initiation and progression of various human cancers, such as breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. The dysregulation of the miR-140 network also affects cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis of cancer cells by affecting various signaling pathways. Besides, up-regulation of miR-140 could enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in different cancer. We aimed to cover most aspects of miR-140 function in cancer development and address its importance in different stages of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Taheri
- Department of Genetics, Sharekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sharekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Omar Ebrahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Razieh Heidari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Somaye Nezamabadi Pour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Somayeh Reiisi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Ozmen O. Na+/K+-ATPase and bone morphogenetic protein-2 expressions in parenchymal and microenvironmental cells of canine mammary tumours. Acta Vet Hung 2022; 70:287-295. [PMID: 36350571 DOI: 10.1556/004.2022.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The most common canine tumour is mammary tumour, which resembles breast cancer in humans. Microenvironment is a crucial factor in the formation of breast cancers. In order to distinguish between benign and malignant canine mammary tumours, this study looked at the immunohistochemical expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in tumour and microenvironmental cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 in canine mammary tumours and their relationship with malignancy. In this investigation, 10 normal breast tissues were used as controls, and 28 benign and 46 malignant mammary tumours were taken from the archives of the Department of Pathology. The findings showed that malignant tumours expressed more Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 than did normal breast tissue. Both markers had a negative or slight expression in benign tumours, whereas they considerably increased in malignant tumours. Both tumour parenchymal and microenvironmental cells in malignancies expressed Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2. Na+/K+-ATPase expression was observed to be more prominent in cells when compared to BMP-2. These findings also suggest that Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 could be employed in the future to help diagnose canine and possibly human breast cancers earlier or as possible targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Istiklal Yerleskesi, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
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Zhang HJ, Li FS, Wang F, Wang H, He TC, Reid RR, He BC, Xia Q. Transgenic PDGF-BB sericin hydrogel potentiates bone regeneration of BMP9-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells through a crosstalk of the Smad-STAT pathways. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac095. [PMID: 36683747 PMCID: PMC9847547 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk as a natural biomaterial is considered as a promising bone substitute in tissue regeneration. Sericin and fibroin are the main components of silk and display unique features for their programmable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability and morphological plasticity. It has been reported that sericin recombinant growth factors (GFs) can support cell proliferation and induce stem cell differentiation through cross-talk of signaling pathways during tissue regeneration. The transgenic technology allows the productions of bioactive heterologous GFs as fusion proteins with sericin, which are then fabricated into solid matrix or hydrogel format. Herein, using an injectable hydrogel derived from transgenic platelet-derived GF (PDGF)-BB silk sericin, we demonstrated that the PDGF-BB sericin hydrogel effectively augmented osteogenesis induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP9)-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo and in vitro, while inhibiting adipogenic differentiation. Further gene expression and protein-protein interactions studies demonstrated that BMP9 and PDGF-BB synergistically induced osteogenic differentiation through the cross-talk between Smad and Stat3 pathways in MSCs. Thus, our results provide a novel strategy to encapsulate osteogenic factors and osteoblastic progenitors in transgenic sericin-based hydrogel for robust bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fu-Shu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Panzhou People’s Hospital, Guizhou 553599, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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11
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Wu CK, Wei MT, Wu HC, Wu CL, Wu CJ, Liaw H, Su WP. BMP2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma metastasis through BMP receptor 2-mediated SMAD1/5 activation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16310. [PMID: 36175474 PMCID: PMC9522928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is highly overexpressed in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and correlates with tumor stage and metastatic burden. Although several lines of evidence suggest that BMP2 promotes cell migration and invasiveness in vitro, the in vivo role of BMP2 in the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells remains less well understood. Here, we revealed that BMP2 is highly overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis compared with patients without lymph node metastasis. Using an in vivo orthotopic mouse model, we clearly demonstrated that BMP2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. The depletion of BMP2 or its receptor BMPR2 significantly reduced cell migration and invasiveness. We further identified that BMP2/BMPR2-mediated cell migration involves the activation of the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway, independent of the KRAS signaling pathway. Significantly, the depletion of SMAD1/5/8 or the inhibition of SMAD1/5/8 by LDN193189 inhibitor significantly reduced cell migration. These findings show that BMP2 promotes NSCLC metastasis, indicating that targeting the BMP2 signaling pathway may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for treating patients with metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuei Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiao-Tong Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Man-Ting Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiao-Tong Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiao-Tong Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ju Wu
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hungjiun Liaw
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Pin Su
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiao-Tong Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan. .,Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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12
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Chen J, Li Z, Zhao Q, Chen L. Roles of apelin/APJ system in cancer: Biomarker, predictor, and emerging therapeutic target. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3734-3751. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of South China Hengyang Hunan China
| | - Zhiyue Li
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of South China Hengyang Hunan China
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13
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Ehata S, Miyazono K. Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling in Cancer; Some Topics in the Recent 10 Years. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:883523. [PMID: 35693928 PMCID: PMC9174896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.883523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, are multifunctional cytokines. BMPs have a broad range of functions, and abnormalities in BMP signaling pathways are involved in cancer progression. BMPs activate the proliferation of certain cancer cells. Malignant phenotypes of cancer cells, such as increased motility, invasiveness, and stemness, are enhanced by BMPs. Simultaneously, BMPs act on various cellular components and regulate angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, BMPs function as pro-tumorigenic factors in various types of cancer. However, similar to TGF-β, which shows both positive and negative effects on tumorigenesis, BMPs also act as tumor suppressors in other types of cancers. In this article, we review important findings published in the recent decade and summarize the pro-oncogenic functions of BMPs and their underlying mechanisms. The current status of BMP-targeted therapies for cancers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Ehata
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shogo Ehata,
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Applied Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Han Y, Colditz GA, Toriola AT. Changes in adiposity over the life course and gene expression in postmenopausal women. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2699-2710. [PMID: 35304837 PMCID: PMC9249983 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life adiposity and changes in adiposity over the life course are associated with mammographic breast density among postmenopausal women. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown; therefore, we comprehensively examined the associations of early life body mass index (BMI) and changes in BMI from ages 10, 18 to age at mammogram with growth factor, RANK pathway, and sex hormone gene expression in 372 postmenopausal women. METHODS We estimated early life BMI at age 10 using the validated 9-level Stunkard pictogram. We calculated BMI at other ages (18, 30, and current age at mammogram) by dividing weight in kilograms at these ages with height in meters squared. Sequencing for gene expression was performed using the NanoString nCounter system. After adjusting for confounders, we estimated associations using multivariable linear regressions. RESULTS A 10 kg/m2 increase in early life BMI at age 10 was associated with a 17.2% decrease in RANKL gene expression (95% confidence interval [CI] = -30.8, -0.9) but was not associated with changes in other markers. BMI changes from ages 10, 18 to age at mammogram were associated with an increase in BMP2 and decreases in RANK, RANKL, and TNFRSF13B gene expression but were not associated with gene expression of other markers. A 10 kg/m2 increase in early life BMI from age 10 to current age was associated with a 7.8% increase in BMP2 (95% CI = -1.4, 17.8), an 8.5% decrease in RANK (95% CI = -13.9, -2.8), a 10.4% decrease in RANKL (95% CI = -16.9, -3.3), and an 8.5% decrease in TNFRSF13B gene expression (95% CI = -13.8, -2.8). CONCLUSION The results provide new insights into the biological mechanisms underlying the associations of adiposity changes from early life to adulthood and early life adiposity with mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Han
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Graham A. Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer CenterBarnes‐Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Adetunji T. Toriola
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer CenterBarnes‐Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
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15
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Sethakorn N, Heninger E, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Ding AB, Yada RC, Kerr SC, Kosoff D, Beebe DJ, Lang JM. Advancing Treatment of Bone Metastases through Novel Translational Approaches Targeting the Bone Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:757. [PMID: 35159026 PMCID: PMC8833657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases represent a lethal condition that frequently occurs in solid tumors such as prostate, breast, lung, and renal cell carcinomas, and increase the risk of skeletal-related events (SREs) including pain, pathologic fractures, and spinal cord compression. This unique metastatic niche consists of a multicellular complex that cancer cells co-opt to engender bone remodeling, immune suppression, and stromal-mediated therapeutic resistance. This review comprehensively discusses clinical challenges of bone metastases, novel preclinical models of the bone and bone marrow microenviroment, and crucial signaling pathways active in bone homeostasis and metastatic niche. These studies establish the context to summarize the current state of investigational agents targeting BM, and approaches to improve BM-targeting therapies. Finally, we discuss opportunities to advance research in bone and bone marrow microenvironments by increasing complexity of humanized preclinical models and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations to translational research in this challenging metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sethakorn
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Erika Heninger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Adeline B. Ding
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Ravi Chandra Yada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Sheena C. Kerr
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - David Kosoff
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joshua M. Lang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
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16
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Khoshbakht S, Mokhtari M, Moravveji SS, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Masoudi-Nejad A. Re-wiring and gene expression changes of AC025034.1 and ATP2B1 play complex roles in early-to-late breast cancer progression. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:6. [PMID: 35031021 PMCID: PMC8759272 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-01015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elucidating the dynamic topological changes across different stages of breast cancer, called stage re-wiring, could lead to identifying key latent regulatory signatures involved in cancer progression. Such dynamic regulators and their functions are mostly unknown. Here, we reconstructed differential co-expression networks for four stages of breast cancer to assess the dynamic patterns of cancer progression. A new computational approach was applied to identify stage-specific subnetworks for each stage. Next, prognostic traits of genes and the efficiency of stage-related groups were evaluated and validated, using the Log-Rank test, SVM classifier, and sample clustering. Furthermore, by conducting the stepwise VIF-feature selection method, a Cox-PH model was developed to predict patients’ risk. Finally, the re-wiring network for prognostic signatures was reconstructed and assessed across stages to detect gain/loss, positive/negative interactions as well as rewired-hub nodes contributing to dynamic cancer progression. Results After having implemented our new approach, we could identify four stage-specific core biological pathways. We could also detect an essential non-coding RNA, AC025034.1, which is not the only antisense to ATP2B1 (cell proliferation regulator), but also revealed a statistically significant stage-descending pattern; Moreover, AC025034.1 revealed both a dynamic topological pattern across stages and prognostic trait. We also identified a high-performance Overall-Survival-Risk model, including 12 re-wired genes to predict patients’ risk (c-index = 0.89). Finally, breast cancer-specific prognostic biomarkers of LINC01612, AC092142.1, and AC008969.1 were identified. Conclusions In summary new scoring method highlighted stage-specific core pathways for early-to-late progressions. Moreover, detecting the significant re-wired hub nodes indicated stage-associated traits, which reflects the importance of such regulators from different perspectives. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-021-01015-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Khoshbakht
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Majid Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Sayyed Sajjad Moravveji
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | | | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran. .,Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Jin Y, Park S, Park SY, Lee CY, Eum DY, Shim JW, Choi SH, Choi YJ, Park SJ, Heo K. G9a Knockdown Suppresses Cancer Aggressiveness by Facilitating Smad Protein Phosphorylation through Increasing BMP5 Expression in Luminal A Type Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020589. [PMID: 35054776 PMCID: PMC8776044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic abnormalities affect tumor progression, as well as gene expression and function. Among the diverse epigenetic modulators, the histone methyltransferase G9a has been focused on due to its role in accelerating tumorigenesis and metastasis. Although epigenetic dysregulation is closely related to tumor progression, reports regarding the relationship between G9a and its possible downstream factors regulating breast tumor growth are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to verify the role of G9a and its presumable downstream regulators during malignant progression of breast cancer. G9a-depleted MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cells exhibited suppressed motility, including migration and invasion, and an improved response to ionizing radiation. To identify the possible key factors underlying these effects, microarray analysis was performed, and a TGF-β superfamily member, BMP5, was selected as a prominent target gene. It was found that BMP5 expression was markedly increased by G9a knockdown. Moreover, reduction in the migration/invasion ability of MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cells was induced by BMP5. Interestingly, a G9a-depletion-mediated increase in BMP5 expression induced the phosphorylation of Smad proteins, which are the intracellular signaling mediators of BMP5. Accordingly, we concluded that the observed antitumor effects may be based on the G9a-depletion-mediated increase in BMP5 expression and the consequent facilitation of Smad protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kyu Heo
- Correspondence: (S.-J.P.); (K.H.)
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18
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Mondal M, Conole D, Nautiyal J, Tate EW. UCHL1 as a novel target in breast cancer: emerging insights from cell and chemical biology. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:24-33. [PMID: 34497382 PMCID: PMC8727673 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest incidence and death rate among cancers in women worldwide. In particular, metastatic estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes have very limited treatment options, with low survival rates. Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase belonging to the deubiquitinase (DUB) family of enzymes, is highly expressed in these cancer types, and several key reports have revealed emerging and important roles for UCHL1 in breast cancer. However, selective and potent small-molecule UCHL1 inhibitors have been disclosed only very recently, alongside chemical biology approaches to detect regulated UHCL1 activity in cancer cells. These tools will enable novel insights into oncogenic mechanisms driven by UCHL1, and identification of substrate proteins deubiquitinated by UCHL1, with the ultimate goal of realising the potential of UCHL1 as a drug target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milon Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Conole
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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19
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Nakayama J, Tan L, Li Y, Goh BC, Wang S, Makinoshima H, Gong Z. A zebrafish embryo screen utilizing gastrulation identifies the HTR2C inhibitor pizotifen as a suppressor of EMT-mediated metastasis. eLife 2021; 10:e70151. [PMID: 34919051 PMCID: PMC8824480 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer-associated mortality but few models exist that allow for rapid and effective screening of anti-metastasis drugs. Current mouse models of metastasis are too expensive and time consuming to use for rapid and high-throughput screening. Therefore, we created a unique screening concept utilizing conserved mechanisms between zebrafish gastrulation and cancer metastasis for identification of potential anti-metastatic drugs. We hypothesized that small chemicals that interrupt zebrafish gastrulation might also suppress metastatic progression of cancer cells and developed a phenotype-based chemical screen to test the hypothesis. The screen used epiboly, the first morphogenetic movement in gastrulation, as a marker and enabled 100 chemicals to be tested in 5 hr. The screen tested 1280 FDA-approved drugs and identified pizotifen, an antagonist for serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) as an epiboly-interrupting drug. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of HTR2C suppressed metastatic progression in a mouse model. Blocking HTR2C with pizotifen restored epithelial properties to metastatic cells through inhibition of Wnt signaling. In contrast, HTR2C induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through activation of Wnt signaling and promoted metastatic dissemination of human cancer cells in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model. Taken together, our concept offers a novel platform for discovery of anti-metastasis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Nakayama
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Shonai Regional Industry Promotion CenterTsuruokaJapan
| | - Lora Tan
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and NanotechnologySingaporeSingapore
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer CenterKashiwaJapan
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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20
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Tamura Y, Tsutsumi S, Miyazono K, Koinuma D. PolyI:C attenuates transforming growth factor-β signaling to induce cytostasis of surrounding cells by secreted factors in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:940-949. [PMID: 34897916 PMCID: PMC8898727 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of RIG‐I‐like receptor (RLR) signaling in cancer cells is widely recognized as a critical cancer therapy method. The expected mechanism of RLR ligand‐mediated cancer therapy involves the promotion of cancer cell death and strong induction of interferon (IFN)‐β that affects the tumor microenvironment. We have recently shown that activation of RLR signaling in triple‐negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) attenuates transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling, which partly contributes to the promotion of cancer cell pyroptosis. However, the consequences of suppression of TGF‐β signaling by RLR ligands with respect to IFN‐β‐mediated tumor suppression are not well characterized. This study showed that transfection of a typical RLR ligand polyI:C in cancer cells produces significant levels of IFN‐β, which inhibits the growth of the surrounding cancer cells. In addition, IFN‐β‐induced cell cycle arrest in surrounding cancer cells was inhibited by the expression of constitutively active Smad3. Constitutively active Smad3 suppresses IFN‐β expression through the alleviation of IFN regulatory factor 3 binding to the canonical target genes, as suggested by ChIP sequencing analysis. Based on these findings, a new facet of the protumorigenic function of TGF‐β that suppresses IFN‐β expression is suggested when RLR‐mediated cancer treatment is used in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tamura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daizo Koinuma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Meng W, Xiao H, Zhao R, Li D, Li K, Meng Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Liao Y. The Prognostic Value of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Their Receptors in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:608239. [PMID: 34745928 PMCID: PMC8569625 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.608239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate tumor progression via binding to their receptors (BMPRs). However, the expression and clinical significance of BMPs/BMPRs in lung adenocarcinoma remain unclear due to a lack of systematic studies. Methods This study screened differentially expressed BMPs/BMPRs (deBMPs/BMPRs) in a training dataset combining TCGA-LUAD and GTEx-LUNG and verified them in four GEO datasets. Their prognostic value was evaluated via univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. LASSO was performed to construct an initial risk model. Subsequently, after weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential expression analysis, and univariate Cox regression analysis, hub genes co-expressed with differentially expressed BMPs/BMPRs were filtered out to improve the risk model and explore potential mechanisms. The improved risk model was re-established via LASSO combining hub genes with differentially expressed BMPs/BMPRs as the core. In the testing cohort including 93 lung adenocarcinoma patients, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to verify BMP5 protein expression and its association with prognosis. Results BMP2, BMP5, BMP6, GDF10, and ACVRL1 were verified as downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma. Survival analysis identified BMP5 as an independent protective prognostic factor. We also found that BMP5 was significantly correlated with EGFR expression and mutations, suggesting that BMP5 may play a role in targeted therapy. The initial risk model containing only BMP5 showed a significant correlation (HR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.28−2.28, p: 3e-04) but low prognostic accuracy (AUC of 1-year survival: 0.6, 3-year survival: 0.6, 5-year survival: 0.63). Seventy-nine hub genes co-expressed with BMP5 were identified, and their functions were enriched in cell migration and tumor metastasis. The re-established risk model showed greater prognostic correlation (HR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.92–3.46, p: 0) and value (AUC of 1-year survival: 0.72, 3-year survival: 0.69, and 5-year survival: 0.68). IHC results revealed that BMP5 protein was also downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma and higher expression was markedly associated with better prognosis (HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.23–0.85, p: 0.0145). Conclusion BMP5 is a potential crucial target for lung adenocarcinoma treatment based on significant differential expression and superior prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Dermatology and Sexology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunchong Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongde Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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Sharma R, Gogoi G, Saikia S, Sharma A, Kalita DJ, Sarma A, Limaye AM, Gaur MK, Bhattacharyya J, Jaganathan BG. BMP4 enhances anoikis resistance and chemoresistance of breast cancer cells through canonical BMP signaling. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:191-205. [PMID: 34608584 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate cell fate during development and mediate cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the role of BMP4 in proliferation, anoikis resistance, metastatic migration, and drug resistance of breast cancer cells. We utilized breast cancer cell lines and clinical samples representing different subtypes to understand the functional effect of BMP4 on breast cancer. The BMP pathway was inhibited with the small molecule inhibitor LDN193189 hydrochloride (LDN). BMP4 signaling enhanced the expression of stem cell genes CD44, ALDH1A3, anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 and promoted anoikis resistance in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. BMP4 enhanced self-renewal and chemoresistance in MDA-MB-231 by upregulating Notch signaling while LDN treatment abrogated anoikis resistance and proliferation of anoikis resistant breast cancer cells in the osteogenic microenvironment. Conversely, BMP4 downregulated proliferation, colony-forming ability, and suppressed anoikis resistance in MCF7 and SkBR3 cells, while LDN treatment promoted tumor spheroid formation and growth. These findings indicate that BMP4 has a context-dependent role in breast cancer. Further, our data with MDA-MB-231 cells representing triple-negative breast cancer suggest that BMP inhibition might impair its metastatic spread and colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Sharma
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Gayatri Gogoi
- Department of Pathology, Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Snigdha Saikia
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Deep Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Department of Oncopathology, Dr B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anil Mukund Limaye
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Manish Kumar Gaur
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jina Bhattacharyya
- Department of Hematology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India. .,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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23
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Vishnubalaji R, Alajez NM. Epigenetic regulation of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) by TGF-β signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15410. [PMID: 34326372 PMCID: PMC8322425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TGFβ signaling plays crucial role during development and cancer, however the role for TGFβ signaling in regulating the noncoding part of the human genome in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still being unraveled. Herein, we provide the transcriptional landscape of TNBC in response to TGFβ activation and subsequent inhibition employing SB431542, selective TGFβ1 Receptor ALK5 Inhibitor. Our data revealed 72 commonly upregulated [fold change (FC) ≥ 2.0], including PLAU, TPM1, TAGLN, COL1A1, TGFBI, and SNAI1, and 53 downregulated (FC ≤ 2.0) protein coding genes in BT-549 and MDA-MB-231 models in response to TGFβ1 activation. Alignment to the geocode (V33) identified 41 upregulated (FC ≥ 2.0) and 22 downregulated (FC ≤ 2.0) long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in response to TGFβ1 activation, which were inhibited by concurrent treatment with SB431542. To place our data from the in vitro models into their clinical context, we identified AC015909.1, AC013451.1, CYP1B1-AS1, AC004862.1, LINC01824, AL138828.1, B4GALT1-AS1, AL353751.1, AC090826.3, AC104695.4, ADORA2A-AS1, PTPRG-AS1, LINC01943, AC026954.3, TPM1-AS, ZFPM2-AS1, AC007362.1, AC112721.2, MALAT1, AL513314.2, AC112721.1, AC010343.3, LINC01711, and MAP3K2-DT lncRNA expression to positively correlate with TGFβ1 expression in a cohort of 360 TNBC patients. To provide mechanistic insight into lncRNA regulation by TGFβ signaling, SMAD2/3 ChIp-Seq data from BT-549 TNBC model retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) revealed direct binding of SMAD2/SMAD3 to the promoter of AC112721.1, AC112721.2, MALAT1, HHIP-AS1, LINC00472, and SLC7A11, suggesting their direct regulation by TGFβ1/SMAD2/SMAD3 pathway. Interestingly, AC112721.1, AC112721.2 exhibited higher expression in TNBC compared to normal breast tissue suggesting a possible role for those lncRNA in TNBC biology. Our miRNA analysis in the BT-549 model in response to exogenous TGFB1 revealed several affected miRNAs (2.0 ≤ FC ≤ 2.0), whose expression pattern was reversed in the presence of SB431542, suggesting those miRNA as plausible targets for TGFβ regulation. In particular, we observed hsa-miR-1275 to be downregulated in response to TGFB1 which was highly predicted to regulate PCDH1, FIBCD1, FXYD7, GDNF, STC1, EDN1, ZSWIM4, FGF1, PPP1R9B, NUAK1, PALM2AKAP2, IGFL3, and SPOCK1 whose expression were upregulated in response to TGFβ1 stimulus. On the other hand, hsa-miR-181b-5p was among the top upregulated miRNAs in response to TGFB1, which is also predicted to regulate CDKN1B, TNFRSF11B, SIM1, and ARSJ in the BT-549 model. Taken together, our data is the first to provide such in depth analysis of lncRNA and miRNA epigenetic changes in response to TGFβ signaling in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center (TCIC), Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110, Doha, 00000, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center (TCIC), Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110, Doha, 00000, Qatar. .,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.
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24
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Bone regeneration in ceramic scaffolds with variable concentrations of PDRN and rhBMP-2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11470. [PMID: 34075179 PMCID: PMC8169763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91147-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the bone regeneration capacity and mechanical properties of block-type hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds in response to different concentrations of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2 (rhBMP-2). Thirty-two male white rabbits were used as a model of calvarial bone defect and classified into eight groups according to type and concentration of growth factor administered, viz., control group (only HA/TCP scaffold), scaffold + PDRN (0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg/mL each) and scaffold + rhBMP-2 (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/mL each). The specimens were evaluated using histomorphometric and radiological analyses. Histomorphometric analyses indicated that the administration of PDRN did not increase bone formation. However, significant increases in bone formation were observed with the administration of rhBMP-2 at 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL on week 8 compared to the control (p < 0.05). Radiological analyses revealed a significant increase in bone formation at week 8 with the administration of PDRN at 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, and rhBMP-2 at 0.05 or 0.10 mg/mL compared to the control (p < 0.05). Our findings show that block-type HA/TCP scaffolds possess sufficient mechanical strength and bone regeneration capacity when used with optimal concentrations of growth factors.
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25
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Kinget L, Roussel E, Lambrechts D, Boeckx B, Vanginderhuysen L, Albersen M, Rodríguez-Antona C, Graña-Castro O, Inglada-Pérez L, Verbiest A, Zucman-Rossi J, Couchy G, Caruso S, Laenen A, Baldewijns M, Beuselinck B. MicroRNAs Possibly Involved in the Development of Bone Metastasis in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071554. [PMID: 33800656 PMCID: PMC8036650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bone metastases cause substantial morbidity and implicate worse clinical outcomes for clear-cell renal cell carcinoma patients. MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that modulate gene translation and are involved in the development of cancer and metastasis. We identified six microRNAs that are potentially specifically involved in metastasis to bone, of which two seem protective and four implicate a higher risk. This aids further understanding of the process of metastasizing to bone. Furthermore, these microRNA hold potential for biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Abstract Bone metastasis in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) leads to substantial morbidity through skeletal related adverse events and implicates worse clinical outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-protein coding RNA molecules with important regulatory functions in cancer development and metastasis. In this retrospective analysis we present dysregulated miRNA in ccRCC, which are associated with bone metastasis. In particular, miR-23a-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-20a-5p, and miR-335-3p specifically correlated with the earlier appearance of bone metastasis, compared to metastasis in other organs. In contrast, miR-30b-3p and miR-139-3p were correlated with less occurrence of bone metastasis. These miRNAs are potential biomarkers and attractive targets for miRNA inhibitors or mimics, which could lead to novel therapeutic possibilities for bone targeted treatment in metastatic ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kinget
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.K.); (L.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Eduard Roussel
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.L.); (B.B.)
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.L.); (B.B.)
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loïc Vanginderhuysen
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.K.); (L.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Maarten Albersen
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.R.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Osvaldo Graña-Castro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.-A.); (O.G.-C.)
| | - Lucía Inglada-Pérez
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Annelies Verbiest
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.K.); (L.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, F-75006 Paris, France; (J.Z.-R.); (G.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Gabrielle Couchy
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, F-75006 Paris, France; (J.Z.-R.); (G.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Laboratory, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Labex OncoImmunology, F-75006 Paris, France; (J.Z.-R.); (G.C.); (S.C.)
| | | | | | - Benoit Beuselinck
- Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.K.); (L.V.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-346900
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26
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Liu Z, Sun J, Wang X, Cao Z. MicroRNA-129-5p promotes proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the BMP2 gene. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:257. [PMID: 33603864 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that poses a serious threat to human health. Due to its occult onset and rapid development, HCC is a challenge to diagnose early and effectively treat, and thus patients with HCC often have an unfavorable prognosis. MicroRNA (miR)-129 and its target gene play an important role in the regulation of various diseases. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role and mechanism of action for miR-129-5p in the development of HCC. Quantitative results of clinical samples analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR suggested that miR-129-5p had a significantly lower expression level in tumoral tissues compared with corresponding peritumoral tissues. Overexpression of miR-129-5p in HCC cells was performed using a transfection technique, followed by MTT, Transwell, invasion and wound healing assays to detect the effect of miR-129-5p on the cell cytotoxicity and metastasis of liver cancer in vitro. The downstream target gene of miR-129-5p, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), was determined using a luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-129-5p played a vital role in decreasing cytotoxicity and promoting metastasis of HCC, which may be attributed to its inhibitory effect on the expression of its target gene, BMP2. In clinical samples, miR-129-5p expression levels were found to be negatively correlated with BMP2 and closely associated with HCC metastasis and infiltration. Collectively, the results suggested that miR-129-5p may contribute to proliferation and metastasis of HCC through its target gene, BMP2, and thus may be a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyao Liu
- Department of Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jiefei Sun
- Interventional Catheter Therapy Section Office, Zhaodong Renmin Hospital, Zhaodong, Heilongjiang 151100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyuan Cao
- Department of Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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27
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Clézardin P, Coleman R, Puppo M, Ottewell P, Bonnelye E, Paycha F, Confavreux CB, Holen I. Bone metastasis: mechanisms, therapies, and biomarkers. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:797-855. [PMID: 33356915 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastases are frequent complications of many cancers, causing bone complications (fractures, bone pain, disability) that negatively affect the patient's quality of life. Here, we first discuss the burden of skeletal complications in cancer bone metastasis. We then describe the pathophysiology of bone metastasis. Bone metastasis is a multistage process: long before the development of clinically detectable metastases, circulating tumor cells settle and enter a dormant state in normal vascular and endosteal niches present in the bone marrow, which provide immediate attachment and shelter, and only become active years later as they proliferate and alter the functions of bone-resorbing (osteoclasts) and bone-forming (osteoblasts) cells, promoting skeletal destruction. The molecular mechanisms involved in mediating each of these steps are described, and we also explain how tumor cells interact with a myriad of interconnected cell populations in the bone marrow, including a rich vascular network, immune cells, adipocytes, and nerves. We discuss metabolic programs that tumor cells could engage with to specifically grow in bone. We also describe the progress and future directions of existing bone-targeted agents and report emerging therapies that have arisen from recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of bone metastases. Finally, we discuss the value of bone turnover biomarkers in detection and monitoring of progression and therapeutic effects in patients with bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Clézardin
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Coleman
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Margherita Puppo
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope Ottewell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Edith Bonnelye
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Paycha
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Cyrille B Confavreux
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service de Rhumatologie Sud, CEMOS-Centre Expert des Métastases Osseuses, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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28
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Meurer SK, Tezcan O, Lammers T, Weiskirchen R. Differential regulation of Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in doxorubicin-resistant 4T1 triple negative breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2020; 74:109731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Najafzadeh B, Asadzadeh Z, Motafakker Azad R, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baghbanzadeh A, Alemohammad H, Abdoli Shadbad M, Vasefifar P, Najafi S, Baradaran B. The oncogenic potential of NANOG: An important cancer induction mediator. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2443-2458. [PMID: 32960465 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a unique population in the tumor, but they only comprise 2%-5% of the tumor bulk. Although CSCs share several features with embryonic stem cells, CSCs can give rise to the tumor cells. CSCs overexpress embryonic transcription factor NANOG, which is downregulated in differentiated tissues. This transcription factor confers CSC's stemness, unlimited self-renewal, metastasis, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and drug-resistance with the assistance of WNT, OCT4, SOX2, Hedgehog, BMI-1, and other complexes. NANOG facilitates CSCs development via multiple pathways, like angiogenesis and lessening E-cadherin expression levels, which paves the road for metastasis. Moreover, NANOG represses apoptosis and leads to drug-resistance. This review aims to highlight the pivotal role of NANOG and the pertained pathways in CSCs. Also, this current study intends to demonstrate that targeting NANOG can dimmish the CSCs, sensitize the tumor to chemotherapy, and eradicate the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Vasefifar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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30
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Todd GM, Gao Z, Hyvönen M, Brazil DP, Ten Dijke P. Secreted BMP antagonists and their role in cancer and bone metastases. Bone 2020; 137:115455. [PMID: 32473315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional secreted cytokines that act in a highly context-dependent manner. BMP action extends beyond the induction of cartilage and bone formation, to encompass pivotal roles in controlling tissue and organ homeostasis during development and adulthood. BMPs signal via plasma membrane type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors and intracellular SMAD transcriptional effectors. Exquisite temporospatial control of BMP/SMAD signalling and crosstalk with other cellular cues is achieved by a series of positive and negative regulators at each step in the BMP/SMAD pathway. The interaction of BMP ligand with its receptors is carefully controlled by a diverse set of secreted antagonists that bind BMPs and block their interaction with their cognate BMP receptors. Perturbations in this BMP/BMP antagonist balance are implicated in a range of developmental disorders and diseases, including cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the structure and function of secreted BMP antagonists, and summarize recent novel insights into their role in cancer progression and bone metastasis. Gremlin1 (GREM1) is a highly studied BMP antagonist, and we will focus on this molecule in particular and its role in cancer. The therapeutic potential of pharmacological inhibitors for secreted BMP antagonists for cancer and other human diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Todd
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Zhichun Gao
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
| | - Derek P Brazil
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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31
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Bridgewater HE, Date KL, O’Neil JD, Hu C, Arrand JR, Dawson CW, Young LS. The Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded EBNA1 Protein Activates the Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) Signalling Pathway to Promote Carcinoma Cell Migration. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070594. [PMID: 32708289 PMCID: PMC7400503 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) protein is expressed in all virus-associated malignancies, where it performs an essential role in the maintenance, replication and transcription of the EBV genome. In recent years, it has become apparent that EBNA1 can also influence cellular gene transcription. Here, we demonstrate that EBNA1 is able to stimulate the expression of the Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily member, bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), with consequential activation of the BMP signalling pathway in carcinoma cell lines. We show that BMP pathway activation is associated with an increase in the migratory capacity of carcinoma cells, an effect that can be ablated by the BMP antagonist, Noggin. Gene expression profiling of authentic EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumours revealed the consistent presence of BMP ligands, established BMP pathway effectors and putative target genes, constituting a prominent BMP “signature” in this virus-associated cancer. Our findings show that EBNA1 is the major viral-encoded protein responsible for activating the BMP signalling pathway in carcinoma cells and supports a role for this pathway in promoting cell migration and possibly, metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Bridgewater
- Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.E.B.); (C.W.D.)
| | - Kathryn L. Date
- Institute for Cancer & Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.L.D.); (J.D.O.); (C.H.); (J.R.A.)
| | - John D. O’Neil
- Institute for Cancer & Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.L.D.); (J.D.O.); (C.H.); (J.R.A.)
| | - Chunfang Hu
- Institute for Cancer & Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.L.D.); (J.D.O.); (C.H.); (J.R.A.)
| | - John R. Arrand
- Institute for Cancer & Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.L.D.); (J.D.O.); (C.H.); (J.R.A.)
| | - Christopher W. Dawson
- Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.E.B.); (C.W.D.)
| | - Lawrence S. Young
- Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.E.B.); (C.W.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-2476-752-38
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32
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Lavin DP, Tiwari VK. Unresolved Complexity in the Gene Regulatory Network Underlying EMT. Front Oncol 2020; 10:554. [PMID: 32477926 PMCID: PMC7235173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process whereby a polarized epithelial cell ceases to maintain cell-cell contacts, loses expression of characteristic epithelial cell markers, and acquires mesenchymal cell markers and properties such as motility, contractile ability, and invasiveness. A complex process that occurs during development and many disease states, EMT involves a plethora of transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways. Whilst great advances have been made in both our understanding of the progressive cell-fate changes during EMT and the gene regulatory networks that drive this process, there are still gaps in our knowledge. Epigenetic modifications are dynamic, chromatin modifying enzymes are vast and varied, transcription factors are pleiotropic, and signaling pathways are multifaceted and rarely act alone. Therefore, it is of great importance that we decipher and understand each intricate step of the process and how these players at different levels crosstalk with each other to successfully orchestrate EMT. A delicate balance and fine-tuned cooperation of gene regulatory mechanisms is required for EMT to occur successfully, and until we resolve the unknowns in this network, we cannot hope to develop effective therapies against diseases that involve aberrant EMT such as cancer. In this review, we focus on data that challenge these unknown entities underlying EMT, starting with EMT stimuli followed by intracellular signaling through to epigenetic mechanisms and chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay K. Tiwari
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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33
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Sun Z, Cai S, Zabkiewicz C, Liu C, Ye L. Bone morphogenetic proteins mediate crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment at primary tumours and metastases (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1335-1351. [PMID: 32236571 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are pluripotent molecules, co‑ordinating cellular functions from early embryonic and postnatal development to tissue repair, regeneration and homeostasis. They are also involved in tumourigenesis, disease progression and the metastasis of various solid tumours. Emerging evidence has indicated that BMPs are able to promote disease progression and metastasis by orchestrating communication between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment. The interactions occur between BMPs and epidermal growth factor receptor, hepatocyte growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and extracellular matrix components. Overall, these interactions co‑ordinate the cellular functions of tumour cells and other types of cell in the tumour to promote the growth of the primary tumour, local invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, and the establishment and survival of cancer cells in the metastatic niche. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide an informative summary of the involvement of BMPs in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Sun
- VIP‑II Division of Medical Department, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Cai
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Zabkiewicz
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Liu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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Masoumi J, Jafarzadeh A, Khorramdelazad H, Abbasloui M, Abdolalizadeh J, Jamali N. Role of Apelin/APJ axis in cancer development and progression. Adv Med Sci 2020; 65:202-213. [PMID: 32087570 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide, which is expressed in a vast board of organs such as the brain, placenta, heart, lungs, kidneys, pancreas, testis, prostate and adipose tissues. The apelin receptor, called angiotensin-like-receptor 1 (APJ), is also expressed in the brain, spleen, placenta, heart, liver, intestine, prostate, thymus, testis, ovary, lungs, kidneys, stomach, and adipose tissue. The apelin/APJ axis is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes. The apelin expression is increased in various kinds of cancer and the apelin/APJ axis plays a key role in the development of tumors through enhancing angiogenesis, metastasis, cell proliferation and also through the development of cancer stem cells and drug resistance. The apelin also stops the apoptosis of cancer cells. The apelin/APJ axis was considered in this review as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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35
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A non-proliferative role of pyrimidine metabolism in cancer. Mol Metab 2020; 35:100962. [PMID: 32244187 PMCID: PMC7096759 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nucleotide metabolism is a critical pathway that generates purine and pyrimidine molecules for DNA replication, RNA synthesis, and cellular bioenergetics. Increased nucleotide metabolism supports uncontrolled growth of tumors and is a hallmark of cancer. Agents inhibiting synthesis and incorporation of nucleotides in DNA are widely used as chemotherapeutics to reduce tumor growth, cause DNA damage, and induce cell death. Thus, the research on nucleotide metabolism in cancer is primarily focused on its role in cell proliferation. However, in addition to proliferation, the role of purine molecules is established as ligands for purinergic signals. However, so far, the role of the pyrimidines has not been discussed beyond cell growth. Scope of the review In this review we present the key evidence from recent pivotal studies supporting the notion of a non-proliferative role for pyrimidine metabolism (PyM) in cancer, with a special focus on its effect on differentiation in cancers from different origins. Major conclusion In leukemic cells, the pyrimidine catabolism induces terminal differentiation toward monocytic lineage to check the aberrant cell proliferation, whereas in some solid tumors (e.g., triple negative breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma), catalytic degradation of pyrimidines maintains the mesenchymal-like state driven by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This review further broadens this concept to understand the effect of PyM on metastasis and, ultimately, delivers a rationale to investigate the involvement of the pyrimidine molecules as oncometabolites. Overall, understanding the non-proliferative role of PyM in cancer will lead to improvement of the existing antimetabolites and to development of new therapeutic options.
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36
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Bidirectional tumor/stroma crosstalk promotes metastasis in mesenchymal colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:2453-2466. [PMID: 31974473 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with the mesenchymal subtype colorectal cancer (CRC) have a poor prognosis, in particular patients with stroma-rich tumors and aberrant SMAD4 expression. We hypothesized that interactions between SMAD4-deficient CRC cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts provide a biological explanation. In transwell invasion assays, fibroblasts increased the invasive capacity of SMAD4-deficient HT29 CRC cells, but not isogenic SMAD4-proficient HT29 cells. A TGF-β/BMP-specific array showed BMP2 upregulation by fibroblasts upon stimulation with conditioned medium from SMAD4-deficient CRC cells, while also stimulating their invasion. In a mouse model for experimental liver metastasis, the co-injection of fibroblasts increased metastasis formation of SMAD4-deficient CRC cells (p = 0.02) but not that of SMAD4-proficient CRC cells. Significantly less metastases were seen in mice co-injected with BMP2 knocked-down fibroblasts. Fibroblast BMP2 expression seemed to be regulated by TRAIL, a factor overexpressed in SMAD4-deficient CRC cells. In a cohort of 146 stage III CRC patients, we showed that patients with a combination of high stromal BMP2 expression and the loss of tumor SMAD4 expression had a significantly poorer overall survival (HR 2.88, p = 0.04). Our results suggest the existence of a reciprocal loop in which TRAIL from SMAD4-deficient CRC cells induces BMP2 in fibroblasts, which enhances CRC invasiveness and metastasis.
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Eckhardt BL, Cao Y, Redfern AD, Chi LH, Burrows AD, Roslan S, Sloan EK, Parker BS, Loi S, Ueno NT, Lau PKH, Latham B, Anderson RL. Activation of Canonical BMP4-SMAD7 Signaling Suppresses Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1304-1315. [PMID: 31941699 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with cancer; with no therapeutic cure, treatments remain largely palliative. As such, new targets and therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Here, we show that bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) blocks metastasis in animal models of breast cancer and predicts improved survival in patients. In preclinical models of spontaneous metastasis, BMP4 acted as an autocrine mediator to modulate a range of known metastasis-regulating genes, including Smad7, via activation of canonical BMP-SMAD signaling. Restored BMP4 expression or therapeutically administered BMP4 protein, blocked metastasis and increased survival by sensitizing cancer cells to anoikis, thereby reducing the number of circulating tumor cells. Gene silencing of Bmp4 or its downstream mediator Smad7, reversed this phenotype. Administration of recombinant BMP4 markedly reduced spontaneous metastasis to lung and bone. Elevated levels of BMP4 and SMAD7 were prognostic for improved recurrence-free survival and overall survival in patients with breast cancer, indicating the importance of canonical BMP4 signaling in the suppression of metastasis and highlighting new avenues for therapy against metastatic disease. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting the BMP4-SMAD7 signaling axis presents a novel therapeutic strategy to combat metastatic breast cancer, a disease that has had no reduction in patient mortality over 20 years. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/6/1304/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedrich L Eckhardt
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Redfern
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lap Hing Chi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allan D Burrows
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suraya Roslan
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sherene Loi
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter K H Lau
- Department of Health Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bruce Latham
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Wang S, Gu M, Jiang H, Zheng X. BMP-2 upregulates the AKT/mTOR pathway in breast cancer with microcalcification and indicates a poor prognosis. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:1263-1271. [PMID: 31863351 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a reliable biomarker of breast cancer, breast microcalcification has been reported to be correlated with poor prognosis. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) plays an important role in microcalcification of breast cancer. Studies in other tissues have shown an association between BMP-2 and AKT/mTOR pathway, while their relationship in breast cancer still remains largely undetermined. To clarify the relationship of these three factors, we collected patients of invasive breast cancer with/without microcalcification and immunohistochemical examination was performed. METHOD/PATIENTS A total of 272 patients with primary invasive breast cancer were selected from the First Hospital of China Medical University from January 2010 to January 2012. Immunohistochemical examination of the BMP-2, p-AKT and p-mTOR was performed on 4-µm tissue microarray (TMA) sections. Then, we analyzed the relationship of BMP-2, p-AKT, and p-mTOR and their correlation with disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer with/without microcalcification. RESULTS We found that breast cancer patients with microcalcification were correlated with HER-2 positive expression and poor prognosis. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the expressions of BMP-2 and p-mTOR were increased in breast cancer with microcalcification and the expressions of BMP-2, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were correlated with each other. Moreover, the high expressions of BMP-2, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were significantly correlated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Based on the abovementioned findings, we hypothesized that the high expression of BMP-2 not only played a vital role in the formation of microcalcification, but also activated the AKT/mTOR pathway. Collectively, breast cancer patients with microcalcification were more likely to be resistant to targeted or endocrine therapy and be correlated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - M Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - H Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - X Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China. .,Lab 1, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Wen J, Liu X, Qi Y, Niu F, Niu Z, Geng W, Zou Z, Huang R, Wang J, Zou H. BMP3 suppresses colon tumorigenesis via ActRIIB/SMAD2-dependent and TAK1/JNK signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:428. [PMID: 31665064 PMCID: PMC6819484 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background BMP3 gene is often found hypermethylated and hence inactivated in several types of cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC), indicating that it has a suppressor role in carcinogenesis. Though BMP3 is a reliable biomarker for screening CRC, the molecular mechanism of BMP3 in carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. Methods The expression level of BMP3 was examined by immunohistochemistry staining and western blot. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and real-time quantitative MSP were used to test the hypermethylation status of BMP3 gene. Analyses of BMP3 function in colon cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were performed using HCT116 and KM12 cells. BMP3 was further knocked down or overexpressed in CRC cells, and the effects on cell growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice were assessed. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the association between BMP3 and BMPR2 or BMP3 and ActRIIB. Microarray analysis was performed to identify most differentially expressed genes and pathways regulated by BMP3. The BMP3-regulated SMAD2-dependent signaling pathway and TAK1/JNK signal axes were further investigated by quantitative PCR and western blot. Results BMP3 gene was hypermethylated and its expression was downregulated in both CRC tissues and cell lines. Expressing exogenous BMP3 in HCT116 inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion and increased rate of apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. However, shRNA-mediated attenuation of endogenous BMP3 in KM12 reversed such inhibitory and apoptotic effects. Furthermore, BMP3 could bind to ActRIIB, an activin type II receptor at the cellular membrane, thereby activating SMAD2-dependent pathway and TAK1/JNK signal axes to regulate downstream targets including caspase-7, p21, and SMAD4 that play crucial roles in cell cycle control and apoptosis. Conclusions Our study reveals a previously unknown mechanism of BMP3 tumor suppression in CRC and provides a rationale for future investigation of BMP3 as a potential target for the development of novel therapeutic agents to fight CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianglin Liu
- Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) CO., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) CO., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Niu
- Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) CO., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhitong Niu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Geng
- Department of pathology, Xiaolan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaowei Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renli Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhi Zou
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Creative Biosciences (Guangzhou) CO., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Choi S, Yu J, Park A, Dubon MJ, Do J, Kim Y, Nam D, Noh J, Park KS. BMP-4 enhances epithelial mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell properties of breast cancer cells via Notch signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11724. [PMID: 31409851 PMCID: PMC6692307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and Notch signaling play important roles in tumorigenesis in various organs and tissues, including the breast. BMP-4 enhanced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem cell properties in both mammary epithelial cell line and breast carcinoma cell line. BMP-4 increased the expression of EMT biomarkers, such as fibronectin, laminin, N-cadherin, and Slug. BMP-4 also activated Notch signaling in these cells and increased the sphere forming efficiency of the non-transformed mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A. In addition, BMP-4 upregulated the sphere forming efficiency, colony formation efficiency, and the expression of cancer stem cell markers, such as Nanog and CD44, in the breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231. Inhibition of Notch signaling downregulated EMT and stem cell properties induced by BMP-4. Down-regulation of Smad4 using siRNA impaired the BMP-4-induced activation of Notch signaling, as well as the BMP-4-mediated EMT. These results suggest that EMT and stem cell properties are increased in mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells through the activation of Notch signaling in a Smad4-dependent manner in response to BMP-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuk Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Jinyeong Yu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Aran Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Maria Jose Dubon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Jungbeom Do
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Youngjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Donghyun Nam
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jinok Noh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Ki-Sook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea. .,East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea. .,College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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Wang S, Li GX, Tan CC, He R, Kang LJ, Lu JT, Li XQ, Wang QS, Liu PF, Zhai QL, Feng YM. FOXF2 reprograms breast cancer cells into bone metastasis seeds. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2707. [PMID: 31222004 PMCID: PMC6586905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases occur in most advanced breast cancer patients and cause serious skeletal-related complications. The mechanisms by which bone metastasis seeds develop in primary tumors and specifically colonize the bone remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) functions as a master transcription factor for reprogramming cancer cells into an osteomimetic phenotype by pleiotropic transactivation of the BMP4/SMAD1 signaling pathway and bone-related genes that are expressed at early stages of bone differentiation. The epithelial-to-osteomimicry transition regulated by FOXF2 confers a tendency on cancer cells to metastasize to bone which leads to osteolytic bone lesions. The BMP antagonist Noggin significantly inhibits FOXF2-driven osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer cells. Thus, targeting the FOXF2-BMP/SMAD axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy to manage bone metastasis. The role of FOXF2 in transactivating bone-related genes implies a biological function of FOXF2 in regulating bone development and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Gui-Xi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Cong-Cong Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Li-Juan Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jun-Tao Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qing-Shan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Pei-Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qiong-Li Zhai
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yu-Mei Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Vollaire J, Machuca-Gayet I, Lavaud J, Bellanger A, Bouazza L, El Moghrabi S, Treilleux I, Coll JL, Peyruchaud O, Josserand V, Cohen PA. The Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Inhibitor LDN-193189 Enhances Metastasis Development in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:667. [PMID: 31275146 PMCID: PMC6593094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer with bone metastasis is essentially incurable with current anticancer therapies. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway is an attractive therapeutic candidate, as it is involved in the bone turnover and in cancer cell formation and their colonization of distant organs such as the bone. We previously reported that in breast cancer cells, the ZNF217 oncogene drives BMP pathway activation, increases the metastatic growth rate in the bone, and accelerates the development of severe osteolytic lesions in mice. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the impact of the LDN-193189 compound, a potent inhibitor of the BMP type I receptor, on metastasis development in vivo. ZNF217-revLuc cells were injected into the left ventricle of nude mice (n = 16) while control mice (n = 13) were inoculated with control pcDNA6-revLuc cells. Mice from each group were treated or not with LDN-193189 for 35 days. We found that systemic LDN-193189 treatment of mice significantly enhanced metastasis development, by increasing both the number and the size of metastases. In pcDNA6-revLuc-injected mice, LDN-193189 also affected the kinetics of metastasis emergence. Altogether, these data suggest that in vivo, LDN-193189 might affect the interaction between breast cancer cells and the bone environment, favoring the emergence and development of multiple metastases. Hence, our report highlights the importance of the choice of drugs and therapeutic strategies used in the management of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vollaire
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jonathan Lavaud
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Bellanger
- University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lamia Bouazza
- INSERM UMR1033 LYOS, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Luc Coll
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Véronique Josserand
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascale A Cohen
- University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Varamo C, Peraldo-Neia C, Ostano P, Basiricò M, Raggi C, Bernabei P, Venesio T, Berrino E, Aglietta M, Leone F, Cavalloni G. Establishment and Characterization of a New Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line Resistant to Gemcitabine. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040519. [PMID: 30979003 PMCID: PMC6520787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most lethal liver cancers. Late diagnosis and chemotherapy resistance contribute to the scarce outfit and poor survival. Resistance mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we established a Gemcitabine (GEM) resistant model, the MT-CHC01R1.5 cell line, obtained by a GEM gradual exposure (up to 1.5 µM) of the sensitive counterpart, MT-CHC01. GEM resistance was irreversible, even at high doses. The in vitro and in vivo growth was slower than MT-CHC01, and no differences were highlighted in terms of migration and invasion. Drug prediction analysis suggested that Paclitaxel and Doxycycline might overcome GEM resistance. Indeed, in vitro MT-CHC01R1.5 growth was reduced by Paclitaxel and Doxycycline. Importantly, Doxycycline pretreatment at very low doses restored GEM sensitivity. To assess molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of GEM resistance, a detailed analysis of the transcriptome in MT-CHC01R1.5 cells versus the corresponding parental counterpart was performed. Transcriptomic analysis showed that most up-regulated genes were involved in cell cycle regulation and in the DNA related process, while most down-regulated genes were involved in the response to stimuli, xenobiotic metabolism, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, additional panels of drug resistance and epithelial to mesenchymal transition genes (n = 168) were tested by qRT-PCR and the expression of 20 genes was affected. Next, based on a comparison between qRT-PCR and microarray data, a list of up-regulated genes in MT-CHC01R1.5 was selected and further confirmed in a primary cell culture obtained from an ICC patient resistant to GEM. In conclusion, we characterized a new GEM resistance ICC model that could be exploited either to study alternative mechanisms of resistance or to explore new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Varamo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10100 Torino, Italy.
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, B3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy.
| | - Marco Basiricò
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
- Dept. Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Paola Bernabei
- Flow Cytometry Center, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Venesio
- Molecular Pathology Lab, Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Enrico Berrino
- Molecular Pathology Lab, Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10100 Torino, Italy.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Leone
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10100 Torino, Italy.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Cavalloni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
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Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Bai Y. Whole transcriptome sequencing identifies crucial genes associated with colon cancer and elucidation of their possible mechanisms of action. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2737-2747. [PMID: 31043791 PMCID: PMC6463780 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s195235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the key long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with colon cancer and elucidate their possible mechanisms of action. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eight early-stage (ES) colon tumor tissues, eight late-stage (LS) colon tumor tissues, and eight normal tissues were collected, and they were subjected to high-throughput RNA sequencing. Subsequently, comprehensive bioinformatics analyses, including the identification of differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs, functional enrichment analysis, and construction of a protein-protein interaction network and an miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network were performed. Additionally, the expression of key lncRNAs was verified using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). RESULTS In total, 549 common differentially expressed mRNAs and 30 common differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified in both the ES and LS colon cancer samples upon comparison with the normal samples. Functional enrichment analysis showed that KIAA0125 was significantly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and that MSTRG.35002.1 was markedly enriched in BMP signaling-related functions. Moreover, key miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA relationships, such as hsa-miR-29b-3p-KIAA0125-BCL2 and hsa-miR-29b-3p-MSTRG.35002.1-MMP2, were identified. Notably, the qPCR assay confirmed that KIAA0125 and MSTRG.35002.1 were significantly downregulated in both ES and LS colon tumor tissues compared with normal colon tissues. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that key lncRNAs, including KIAA0125 and MSTRG.35002.1, may be involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Downregulation of KIAA0125 may contribute to CRC development via sponging of hsa-miR-29b-3p to regulate BCL2 expression or regulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Downregulation of MSTRG.35002.1 may promote CRC development via sponging of hsa-miR-29b-3p to regulate MMP2 expression or regulating the BMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yuansong Bai
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, People's Republic of China,
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer amongst women worldwide. The mortality rate for patients with early-stage breast cancer has been decreasing, however, the 5-year survival rate for patients with metastatic disease remains poor, currently at 27%. Here, we have reviewed the current understanding of the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in breast cancer progression, and have highlighted the discordant results that are reported in different studies. We propose that some of these contradictory outcomes may result from signaling through either the canonical or non-canonical pathways in different cell lines and tumors, or from different tumor-stromal interactions that occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lap Hing Chi
- a Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Heidelberg , Australia
- b School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - Allan D Burrows
- a Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Heidelberg , Australia
- b School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
| | - Robin L Anderson
- a Metastasis Research Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute , Heidelberg , Australia
- b School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Australia
- c Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC , Australia
- d Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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46
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Tang Y, Xuan Y, Qiao G, Ou Z, He Z, Zhu Q, Liao M, Yin G. MDM2 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through activation of Smad2/3 signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2247-2258. [PMID: 30988629 PMCID: PMC6441555 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s185076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) contributes to cancer metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study aimed to investigate small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling in MDM2-mediated EMT in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). Materials and methods Expression patterns of MDM2 in LAC tissues, adjacent tissues, and cell lines (BEAS-2B, PC9, H1975, and A549) were detected. We then overexpressed MDM2 in PC9 cells and knocked it down in H1975 cells. To explore whether MDM2 activates EMT through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway, Smad2 and Smad3 were also silenced by siRNA in H1975 cells. Male BALB/c nude mice were used in in vivo model to validate the effects of MDM2 on LAC cells. Results MDM2 was significantly upregulated in LAC tissues compared with adjacent tissues. The expression of MDM2 was relatively higher in PC9 cells and relatively lower in H1975 cells compared with A549 cells. Overexpression of MDM2 significantly increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in LAC cells, while inhibiting apoptosis in PC9 cells. On the contrary, silencing of MDM2 significantly inhibited the expression of EMT-related genes N-cadherin and vimentin, while promoting the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin. In vivo, MDM2 knockdown inhibited tumor growth. In addition, the expression of Smad2/3 was correlated with MDM2 in H1975 cells transfected with Smad2 and Smad3 siRNAs, which inhibited EMT progress. Conclusion MDM2 can activate the Smad2/3 signaling pathway, which promotes the proliferation and EMT progress of LAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Xuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibin Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu'an Ou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guilin Yin
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,
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47
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Imamura T, Saitou T, Kawakami R. In vivo optical imaging of cancer cell function and tumor microenvironment. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:912-918. [PMID: 29465804 PMCID: PMC5891206 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo optical imaging using fluorescence and bioluminescence is superior to other methods in terms of spatiotemporal resolution and specificity, and represents a new technology for comprehensively studying living organisms in a less invasive way. Nowadays, it is an indispensable technology for studying many aspects of cancer biology, including dynamic invasion and metastasis. In observations of fluorescence or bioluminescence signals in a living body, various problems were caused by optical characteristics such as absorption and scattering and, therefore, observation of deep tissue was difficult. Recent developments in techniques for observation of the deep tissues of living animals overcame this difficulty by improving bioluminescent proteins, fluorescent proteins, and fluorescent dyes, as well as detection technologies such as two‐photon excitation microscopy. In the present review, we introduce these technological developments and in vivo application of bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging, and discuss future perspectives on the use of in vivo optical imaging technology in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Takashi Saitou
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawakami
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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48
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Pancreatic tumor microenvironment confers highly malignant properties on pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:2757-2772. [PMID: 29511349 PMCID: PMC5966364 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in cancer progression; however, little is known regarding how differences in the microenvironment affect characteristics of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effects of tumor microenvironment on cancer cells by using mouse tumor models. After three cycles of inoculation and extraction of human pancreatic cancer cells, including SUIT-2 and Panc-1 cells, from tumors, distinct cancer cell lines were established: 3P cells from the pancreas obtained using the orthotopic tumor model and 3sc cells from subcutaneous tissue obtained using the subcutaneous tumor model. On re-inoculation of these cells, the 3sc cells and, more prominently, the 3P cells, exhibited higher tumorigenic activity than the parental cells. The 3P cells specifically exhibited low E-cadherin expression and high invasiveness, suggesting that they were endowed with the highest malignant characteristics. RNA-sequence analysis demonstrated that distinct signaling pathways were activated in each cell line and that the 3P cells acquired a cancer stem cell-like phenotype. Among cancer stem cell-related genes, those specifically expressed in the 3P cells, including NES, may be potential new targets for cancer therapy. The mechanisms underlying the development of highly malignant cancer cell lines were investigated. Individual cell clones within the parental cells varied in tumor-forming ability, indicating the presence of cellular heterogeneity. Moreover, the tumor-forming ability and the gene expression profile of each cell clone were altered after serial orthotopic inoculations. The present study thus suggests that both selection and education processes by tumor microenvironment are involved in the development of highly malignant cancer cells.
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49
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Ahsan S, Ge Y, Tainsky MA. Combinatorial therapeutic targeting of BMP2 and MEK-ERK pathways in NF1-associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57171-57185. [PMID: 27494873 PMCID: PMC5302981 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) is challenging not only due to its aggressive and invasive nature, but also limited therapeutic options. Using gene expression profiling, our lab identified BMP2-SMAD1/5/8 pathway as a potential therapeutic target for treating MPNSTs. In this study, we explored the therapeutic impact of targeting BMP2-SMAD1/5/8 pathway in conjunction with RAS-MEK-ERK signaling, which is constitutively activated in MPNSTs. Our results indicated that single agent treatment with LDN-193189, a BMP2 Type I receptor inhibitor, did not affect the growth and survival of MPNST cells at biochemically relevant inhibitory concentrations. However, addition of a MEK1/2 inhibitor, selumetinib, to LDN-193189-treated cells resulted in significant inhibition of cell growth and induction of cell death. LDN-193189 at biochemically effective concentrations significantly inhibited motility and invasiveness of MPNST cells, and these effects were enhanced by the addition of selumetinib. Overall, our results advocate for a combinatorial therapeutic approach for MPNSTs that not only targets the growth and survival via inhibition of MEK1/2, but also its malignant spread by suppressing the activation of BMP2-SMAD1/5/8 pathway. Importantly, these studies were conducted in low-passage patient-derived MPNST cells, allowing for an investigation of the effects of the proposed drug treatments in a biologically-relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Ahsan
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yubin Ge
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael A Tainsky
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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50
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Wang MH, Zhou XM, Zhang MY, Shi L, Xiao RW, Zeng LS, Yang XZ, Zheng XFS, Wang HY, Mai SJ. BMP2 promotes proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via mTORC1 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1326-1340. [PMID: 28455969 PMCID: PMC5425130 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) is a secreted protein that highly expressed in a variety of cancers and contributes to cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, mobility, metastasis and EMT. However, its clinical significance and biological function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unknown up to now. Up-regulation of BMP2 was first observed in NPC cell lines by a genome-wide transcriptome analysis in our previous study. In this study, BMP2 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR and data showed that it was upregulated in NPC compared with non-cancerous nasopharynx samples. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in NPC specimens revealed that high BMP2 expression was significantly associated with clinical stage, distant metastasis and shorter survival of NPC patients. Moreover, overexpression of BMP2 in NPC cells promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, BMP2 overexpression increase phosphorylated protein level of mTOR, S6K and 4EBP1. Correspondingly, mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin blocked the effect of BMP2 on NPC cell proliferation and invasion. In conclusion, our results suggest that BMP2 overexpression in NPC enhances proliferation, invasion and EMT of tumor cells through the mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zhou
- Zhoukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhoukou, China
| | - Mei-Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ruo-Wen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Li-Si Zeng
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Zi Yang
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X F Steven Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shi-Juan Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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