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Uzhachenko R, Shimamoto A, Chirwa SS, Ivanov SV, Ivanova AV, Shanker A. Mitochondrial Fus1/Tusc2 and cellular Ca2 + homeostasis: tumor suppressor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging implications. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1307-1320. [PMID: 35181743 PMCID: PMC9576590 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
FUS1/TUSC2 (FUSion1/TUmor Suppressor Candidate 2) is a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) originally described as a member of the TSG cluster from human 3p21.3 chromosomal region frequently deleted in lung cancer. Its role as a TSG in lung, breast, bone, and other cancers was demonstrated by several groups, but molecular mechanisms of its activities are starting to unveil lately. They suggest that Fus1-dependent mechanisms are relevant in etiologies of diseases beyond cancer, such as chronic inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, premature aging, and geriatric diseases. Here, we revisit the discovery of FUS1 gene in the context of tumor initiation and progression, and review 20 years of research into FUS1 functions and its molecular, structural, and biological aspects that have led to its use in clinical trials and gene therapy. We present a data-driven view on how interactions of Fus1 with the mitochondrial Ca2+ (mitoCa2+) transport machinery maintain cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and control cell apoptosis and senescence. This Fus1-mediated cellular homeostasis is at the crux of tumor suppressor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sanika S Chirwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergey V Ivanov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alla V Ivanova
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Evidence for ABL Amplification in Multiple Myeloma and Therapeutic Implications. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4112016. [PMID: 35342415 PMCID: PMC8941557 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Cytogenetic abnormalities are considered initiating events in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) and are assumed to be of clinical significance. Methods Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze chromosomal architecture in 101 patients with MM. We evaluated overall patient survival and assessed the cytotoxicity of imatinib against MM cells using a CCK8 assay. Results ABL gene amplification was detected in 67 patients (66.3%). However, ABL gene amplification was not associated with clinical features, cytogenetic abnormalities (c-Myc amplification, IGH rearrangement, RB1 deletion, p53 deletion, or 1q21 amplification), or overall survival. ABL amplification in MM cell lines (LP-1 and U266) was revealed by FISH. Furthermore, the ABL protein was easily detectable in MM cell lines and some tumor cells by western blotting. A CCK8 assay indicated limited cytotoxicity of imatinib against MM cells. Conclusions Our study firstly discussed ABL gene amplification was prevalent in MM cells, and we believe that the ABL gene would potentially be a useful target in the treatment of combination strategy for MM with ABL amplification in the future.
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Molecular modeling piloted analysis for semicarbazone derivative of curcumin as a potent Abl-kinase inhibitor targeting colon cancer. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:506. [PMID: 34840927 PMCID: PMC8606278 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Abl kinases comprise a family of proteins that are known to be key stimulus drivers in the signaling pathways modulating cell growth, cell survival, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Recent collative studies have indicated the role of activation of Abl and Abl-related genes in solid tumors; further terming the Abl kinases as molecular switches which promote proliferation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The up-regulated Abl-kinase expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of Abl tyrosine kinase activity in the Matrigel invasion of CRC cells have cemented its significance in CRC advancement. Therefore, the requisite of identifying small molecules which serve as Abl selective inhibitors and designing anti-Abl therapies, particularly for CRC tumors, has driven this study. Curcumin has been touted as an effective inhibitor of cancer cells; however, it is limited by its physicochemical inadequacies. Hence, we have studied the behavior of heterocyclic derivatives of curcumin via computational tools such as pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, free-energy binding, and ADME profiling. The most actively docked molecule, 3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylstyryl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide, was comparatively evaluated against Curcumin via molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond, Schrödinger. The study exhibited the improved stability of the derivative as compared to Curcumin in the tested protein pocket and displayed the interaction bonds with the contacted key amino acids. To further establish the claim, the derivatives were synthesized via the mechanism of cyclization of Curcumin and screened in vitro using SRB assay against human CRC cell line, HCT 116. The active derivative indicated an IC50 value of 5.85 µM, which was sevenfold lower as compared to Curcumin’s IC50 of 35.40 µM. Hence, the results base the potential role of the curcumin derivative in modulating Abl-kinase activity and in turn may have potential therapeutic value as a lead for CRC therapy.
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Xu Y, Nijhuis A, Keun HC. RNA-binding motif protein 39 (RBM39): An emerging cancer target. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:2795-2812. [PMID: 33238031 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding motif protein 39 (RBM39) is an RNA-binding protein involved in transcriptional co-regulation and alternative RNA splicing. Recent studies have revealed that RBM39 is the unexpected target of aryl sulphonamides, which act as molecular glues between RBM39 and the DCAF15-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase complex leading to selective degradation of the target. Loss of RBM39 leads to aberrant splicing events and differential gene expression, thereby inhibiting cell cycle progression and causing tumour regression in a number of preclinical models. Many clinical studies have shown that aryl sulphonamides were well tolerated, but their clinical performance was limited due to an insufficient understanding of the target, RBM39 biology and a lack of predictive biomarkers. This review summarises the current knowledge of RBM39 function and discusses the therapeutic potential of this spliceosome target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Xu
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anke Nijhuis
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hector C Keun
- Cancer Metabolism & Systems Toxicology Group, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Golonko A, Lewandowska H, Świsłocka R, Jasińska U, Priebe W, Lewandowski W. Curcumin as tyrosine kinase inhibitor in cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Luo F, Liu H, Yang S, Fang Y, Zhao Z, Hu Y, Jin Y, Li P, Gao T, Cao C, Liu X. Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase c-Abl- and Arg-Mediated IRF3 Phosphorylation Regulates Innate Immune Responses by Promoting Type I IFN Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2254-2265. [PMID: 30842273 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl plays important roles in T cell development and immune responses; however, the mechanism is poorly understood. IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a key transcriptional regulator of type I IFN-dependent immune responses against DNA and RNA viruses. The data in this study show that IRF3 is physically associated with c-Abl in vivo and directly binds to c-Abl in vitro. IRF3 is phosphorylated by c-Abl and c-Abl-related kinase, Arg, mainly at Y292. The inhibitor AMN107 inhibits IFN-β production induced by poly(dA:dT), poly(I:C), and Sendai virus in THP-1 and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage cells. IRF3-induced transcription of IFN-β is significantly reduced by the mutation of Y292 to F. Moreover, AMN107 suppresses gene expression of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and subsequently reduces inflammasome activation induced by cytosolic bacteria, dsDNA, and DNA viruses. Consistent with this finding, Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica live vaccine strain (Ft LVS), which is known as an activator of AIM2 inflammasome, induces death in significantly more C57BL/6 mice treated with the Abl inhibitor AMN107 or c-Abl/Arg small interfering RNA than in untreated mice. This study provides new insight into the function of c-Abl and Arg in regulating immune responses and AIM2 inflammasome activation, especially against Ft LVS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Luo
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hainan Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; and
| | - Yi Fang
- 307 Hospital, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhihu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yanwen Jin
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Xuan Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China;
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Feng R, Wang X, Li J, Chen K, Guo G, Liao Y, Sun L, Huang S, Chen JL. Interaction of Abl Tyrosine Kinases with SOCS3 Impairs Its Suppressor Function in Tumorigenesis. Neoplasia 2018; 20:1095-1105. [PMID: 30236924 PMCID: PMC6143717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is involved in Bcr-Abl–induced tumorigenesis. However, how SOCS3 interacts with Bcr-Abl and is regulated by Abl kinases remains largely unknown. Since c-Abl plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, we asked whether SOCS3 is regulated by c-Abl–dependent phosphorylation. Here, we found that SOCS3 interacted with all three Abl kinases (Bcr-Abl, v-Abl, and c-Abl), and SH1 domain of the Abl kinases was critically required for such interaction. Furthermore, the SH2 domain of SOCS3 was sufficient to pull down the SH1 domain but not the full length of Bcr-Abl. Importantly, SOCS3 was highly tyrosine phosphorylated by c-Abl, leading to impairment of its ability to suppress JAK8+72 activity. In addition, disrupting the tyrosine phosphorylation of SOCS3 promoted apoptosis of c-Abl–expressing cells and impeded xenograft growth of these tumor cells in nude mice. The results demonstrate that SOCS3 is highly tyrosine phosphorylated by c-Abl and that tyrosine phosphorylation of SOCS3 is required for the survival and tumorigenesis of certain cells. Our findings provide novel insights into complicated mechanisms underlying the oncogenic function of Abl kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyue Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianning Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guijie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Bieerkehazhi S, Chen Z, Zhao Y, Yu Y, Zhang H, Vasudevan SA, Woodfield SE, Tao L, Yi JS, Muscal JA, Pang JC, Guan S, Zhang H, Nuchtern JG, Li H, Li H, Yang J. Novel Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor bosutinib suppresses neuroblastoma growth via inhibiting Src/Abl signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1469-1480. [PMID: 27903968 PMCID: PMC5352070 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Aberrant activation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinases Src and c-Abl contributes to the progression of NB. Thus, targeting these kinases could be a promising strategy for NB therapy. In this paper, we report that the potent dual Src/Abl inhibitor bosutinib exerts anti-tumor effects on NB. Bosutinib inhibited NB cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed colony formation ability of NB cells. Mechanistically, bosutinib effectively decreased the activity of Src/Abl and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways. In addition, bosutinib enhanced doxorubicin (Dox)- and etoposide (VP-16)-induced cytotoxicity in NB cells. Furthermore, bosutinib demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in an orthotopic xenograft NB mouse model in a similar mechanism as of that in vitro. In summary, our results reveal that Src and c-Abl are potential therapeutic targets in NB and that the novel Src/Abl inhibitor bosutinib alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents may be a valuable therapeutic option for NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayahati Bieerkehazhi
- Department of Labour Hygiene and Sanitary Science, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhenghu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sanjeev A Vasudevan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital Department of Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sarah E Woodfield
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital Department of Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ling Tao
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joanna S Yi
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jodi A Muscal
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan C Pang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Biosciences, Weiss School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Shan Guan
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jed G Nuchtern
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital Department of Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Huiwu Li
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Liu L, Shen W, Zhu Z, Lin J, Fang Q, Ruan Y, Zhao H. Combined inhibition of EGFR and c-ABL suppresses the growth of fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer cells through miR-375-autophagy axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018. [PMID: 29522716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fulvestrant is the FDA-approved "pure anti-estrogen" agent for malignant breast cancer therapy. But endocrine resistance causes drug failure. A new approach is desired for fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer (FRBC) therapy. This study aims to find an effective approach to inhibit FRBC for patients with advanced breast cancer. MTT assay was first performed to detect the effect of inhibitors of c-ABL (imatinib) and EGFR (lapatinib) on FRBC cells. Microarray analysis was carried out to identify microRNA which is significantly changed between parental and FRBC cells. The related mechanisms were analyzed by qRT-PCR, MTT, AO staining and western blotting. Dual treatment significantly inhibited cell growth of FRBC and upregulated microRNA-375 (miR-375). Overexpression of miR-375 inhibited growth of FRBC cells, reduced autophagy, and decreased expression of ATG7 and LC3-II. Dual treatment elevated expression of miR-375 more than any single one of these two inhibitors. Overexpression of miR-375 increased cell growth inhibition induced by dual treatment, and the effect was attenuated when miR-375 was inhibited. In conclusion, we identified that combined inhibition of EGFR and c-ABL can suppress the growth of FRBC cells and elucidated a mechanism within FRBC cells involving regulation of miR-375 and autophagy. Dual treatment may be useful for inhibiting fulvestrant-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunming Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Jinxiong Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Qingxia Fang
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China
| | - Yeping Ruan
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China.
| | - Huajun Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311400, China.
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Morrison CD, Allington TM, Thompson CL, Gilmore HL, Chang JC, Keri RA, Schiemann WP. c-Abl inhibits breast cancer tumorigenesis through reactivation of p53-mediated p21 expression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72777-72794. [PMID: 27626309 PMCID: PMC5340126 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that constitutive c-Abl activity (CST-Abl) abrogates the tumorigenicity of triple-negative breast cancer cells through the combined actions of two cellular events: downregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and upregulated p21Waf1/Cip1 expression. We now find decreased c-Abl expression to be significantly associated with diminished relapse-fee survival in breast cancer patients, particularly those exhibiting invasive and basal phenotypes. Moreover, CST-Abl expression enabled 4T1 cells to persist innocuously in the mammary glands of mice, doing so by exhausting their supply of cancer stem cells. Restoring MMP-9 expression and activity in CST-Abl-expressing 4T1 cells failed to rescue their malignant phenotypes; however, rendering these same cells deficient in p21 expression not only delayed their acquisition of senescent phenotypes, but also partially restored their tumorigenicity in mice. Although 4T1 cells lacked detectable expression of p53, those engineered to express CST-Abl exhibited robust production and secretion of TGF-β1 that engendered the reactivated expression of p53. Mechanistically, TGF-β-mediated p53 expression transpired through the combined actions of Smad1/5/8 and Smad2, leading to the dramatic upregulation of p21 and its stimulation of TNBC senescence. Collectively, we identified a novel c-Abl:p53:p21 signaling axis that functions as a powerful suppressor of mammary tumorigenesis and metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chevaun D Morrison
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tressa M Allington
- Department of Pharmacology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cheryl L Thompson
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hannah L Gilmore
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals, Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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11
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Mohyeldin MM, Akl MR, Ebrahim HY, Dragoi AM, Dykes S, Cardelli JA, El Sayed KA. The oleocanthal-based homovanillyl sinapate as a novel c-Met inhibitor. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32247-73. [PMID: 27086914 PMCID: PMC5078011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) signaling axis has gained considerable attention as an attractive molecular target for therapeutic blockade of cancer. Inspired by the chemical structure of S (-)-oleocanthal, a natural secoiridoid from extra-virgin olive oil with documented anticancer activity against c-Met-dependent malignancies, the research presented herein reports on the discovery of the novel olive-derived homovanillyl sinapate (HVS) as a promising c-Met inhibitor. HVS was distinguished for its remarkable potency against wild-type c-Met and its oncogenic variant in cell-free assays and confirmed by in silico docking studies. Furthermore, HVS substantially impaired the c-Met-mediated growth across a broad spectrum of breast cancer cells, while similar treatment doses had no effect on the non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell growth. In addition, HVS caused a dose-dependent inhibition of HGF-induced, but not epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced, cell scattering in addition to HGF-mediated migration, invasion, and 3-dimensional (3D) proliferation of tumor cell spheroids. HVS treatment effects were mediated via inhibition of ligand-mediated c-Met activation and its downstream mitogenic signaling and blocking molecular mediators involved in cellular motility across different cellular contexts. An interesting feature of HVS is its good selectivity for c-Met and Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (ABL1) when profiled against a panel of kinases. Docking studies revealed interactions likely to impart high dual affinity for both ABL1 and c-Met kinases. HVS markedly reduced tumor growth, showed excellent pharmacodynamics, and suppressed cell proliferation and microvessel density in an orthotopic model of triple negative breast cancer. Collectively, the present findings suggested that the oleocanthal-based HVS is a promising c-Met inhibitor lead entity with excellent therapeutic potential to control malignancies with aberrant c-Met activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Mohyeldin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mohamed R Akl
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hassan Y Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ana Maria Dragoi
- Department of Microbiology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Samantha Dykes
- Department of Microbiology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - James A Cardelli
- Department of Microbiology and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
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Saleh T, Rossi P, Kalodimos CG. Atomic view of the energy landscape in the allosteric regulation of Abl kinase. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:893-901. [PMID: 28945248 PMCID: PMC5745040 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The activity of protein kinases is often regulated in an intramolecular fashion by signaling domains, which feature several phosphorylation or protein-docking sites. How kinases integrate such distinct binding and signaling events to regulate their activities is unclear, especially in quantitative terms. We used NMR spectroscopy to show how structural elements within the Abl regulatory module (RM) synergistically generate a multilayered allosteric mechanism that enables Abl kinase to function as a finely tuned switch. We dissected the structure and energetics of the regulatory mechanism to precisely measure the effects of various activating or inhibiting stimuli on Abl kinase activity. The data provide a mechanistic basis explaining genetic observations and reveal a previously unknown activator region within Abl. Our findings show that drug-resistance mutations in the Abl RM exert their allosteric effect by promoting the activated state of Abl and not by decreasing the drug affinity for the kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamjeed Saleh
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Charalampos G Kalodimos
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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14
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Dong Q, Li C, Qu X, Cao C, Liu X. Global Regulation of Differential Gene Expression by c-Abl/Arg Oncogenic Kinases. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2625-2635. [PMID: 28555614 PMCID: PMC5462482 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have found that c-Abl oncogenic kinases may regulate gene transcription by RNA polymerase II phosphorylation or by direct regulation of specific transcription factors or coactivators. However, the global regulation of differential gene expression by c-Abl/Arg is largely unknown. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by c-Abl/Arg were identified, and related cellular functions and associated pathways were investigated. Material/Methods RNA obtained from wild-type and c-Abl/Arg gene-silenced MCF-7 cells was analyzed by RNA-Seq. DEGs were identified using edgeR software and partially validated by qRT-PCR. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to explore the potential functions of these DEGs. Results A total of 1,034 DEGs were significantly regulated by c-Abl/Arg (399 were up-regulated and 635 were down-regulated after c-Abl/Arg double knockdown). GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs were primarily involved in cellular metabolic processes, neurodegenerative disease, the metabolic process and signaling pathway of cAMP, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Conclusions Our data collectively support the hypothesis that c-Abl/Arg regulate differential gene expression, providing new insights into the biological functions of c-Abl and Arg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qincai Dong
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Chenggong Li
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiuhua Qu
- Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Cheng Cao
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xuan Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijng, China (mainland)
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15
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Tyrosine kinase c-Abl regulates the survival of plasma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40133. [PMID: 28057924 PMCID: PMC5216354 DOI: 10.1038/srep40133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase c-Abl plays an important role in early B cell development. Its deletion leads to reduced pro- and pre-B cell generation in mice. However, its function in B cell terminal differentiation remains unexplored. Here, we used c-Ablf/f Aicdacre/+ mice, in which c-Abl is ablated only in antigen-activated B cells, to study the role of c-Abl in germinal center (GC) B and antibody-secreting plasma cell formation. Upon challenge with a model antigen, we found normal GC and memory B but reduced plasma cells and antigen-specific antibody response in the mutant mice. In-vitro studies revealed that plasma cells lacking c-Abl could be generated but did not accumulate in culture, indicative of survival defect. They also exhibited impaired STAT3 phosphorylation. The plasma cell defects could be rectified by introduction of Bim-deficiency or delivery of colivelin, a STAT3 activator, into c-Ablf/f Aicdacre/+ mice. Hence, c-Abl signalling regulates the survival of plasma cells.
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16
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Mallery SR, Wang D, Santiago B, Pei P, Schwendeman SP, Nieto K, Spinney R, Tong M, Koutras G, Han B, Holpuch A, Lang J. Benefits of Multifaceted Chemopreventives in the Suppression of the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Tumorigenic Phenotype. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:76-88. [PMID: 27756753 PMCID: PMC5222683 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over one third of patients who have undergone oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) surgical resections develop life-threatening and often untreatable recurrences. A variety of drugs, intended for management of recurrent or disseminated cancers, were designed to exploit cancer cells' reliance upon overexpressed receptors and gratuitous signaling. Despite their conceptual promise, clinical trials showed these agents lacked efficacy and were often toxic. These findings are consistent with evasion of pathway-targeted treatments via extensive signaling redundancies and compensatory mechanisms common to cancers. Optimal secondary OSCC chemoprevention requires long-term efficacy with multifaceted, nontoxic agents. Accordingly, this study evaluated the abilities of three complementary chemopreventives, that is, the vitamin A derivative fenretinide (4-HPR, induces apoptosis and differentiation, inhibits signaling proteins, and invasion), the estrogen metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME, apoptosis-inducing, antiangiogenic), and the humanized mAb to the IL6R receptor tocilizumab (TOC, reduces IL6 signaling) to suppress OSCC gratuitous signaling and tumorigenesis. Modeling studies demonstrated 4-HPR's high-affinity binding at STAT3's dimerization site and c-Abl and c-Src ATP-binding kinase sites. Although individual agents suppressed cancer-promoting pathways including STAT3 phosphorylation, STAT3-DNA binding, and production of the trans-signaling enabling sIL6R, maximal chemopreventive effects were observed with agent combinations. OSCC tumor xenograft studies showed that locally delivered TOC, TOC+4-HPR, and TOC+4-HPR+2-ME treatments all prevented significant tumor growth. Notably, the TOC+4-HPR+2-ME treatment resulted in the smallest overall increase in tumor volume. The selected agents use diverse mechanisms to disrupt tumorigenesis at multiple venues, that is, intracellular, tumor cell-ECM, and tumor microenvironment; beneficial qualities for secondary chemopreventives. Cancer Prev Res; 10(1); 76-88. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- 2-Methoxyestradiol
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/administration & dosage
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/adverse effects
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinogenesis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/prevention & control
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Estradiol/administration & dosage
- Estradiol/adverse effects
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol/therapeutic use
- Fenretinide/administration & dosage
- Fenretinide/adverse effects
- Fenretinide/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Mouth Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mouth Neoplasms/surgery
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Mallery
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daren Wang
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian Santiago
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ping Pei
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kari Nieto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Meng Tong
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - George Koutras
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian Han
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrew Holpuch
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James Lang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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17
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Mitochondria, calcium, and tumor suppressor Fus1: At the crossroad of cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20754-72. [PMID: 26246474 PMCID: PMC4673227 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria present a unique set of key intracellular functions such as ATP synthesis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ buffering. Mitochondria both encode and decode Ca2+ signals and these interrelated functions have a direct impact on cell signaling and metabolism. High proliferative potential is a key energy-demanding feature shared by cancer cells and activated T lymphocytes. Switch of a metabolic state mediated by alterations in mitochondrial homeostasis plays a fundamental role in maintenance of the proliferative state. Recent studies show that tumor suppressors have the ability to affect mitochondrial homeostasis controlling both cancer and autoimmunity. Herein, we discuss established and putative mechanisms of calcium–dependent regulation of both T cell and tumor cell activities. We use the mitochondrial protein Fus1 as a case of tumor suppressor that controls immune response and tumor growth via maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. We focus on the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ handling as a key function of Fus1 and highlight the mechanisms of a crosstalk between Ca2+ accumulation and mitochondrial homeostasis. Given the important role of Ca2+ signaling, mitochondrial Ca2+ transport and ROS production in the activation of NFAT and NF-κB transcription factors, we outline the importance of Fus1 activities in this context.
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18
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Modeling the effect of pathogenic mutations on the conformational landscape of protein kinases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 37:108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Wang YL, Overstreet AM, Chen MS, Wang J, Zhao HJ, Ho PC, Smith M, Wang SC. Combined inhibition of EGFR and c-ABL suppresses the growth of triple-negative breast cancer growth through inhibition of HOTAIR. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11150-61. [PMID: 25883211 PMCID: PMC4484446 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not express conventional therapeutic targets and is the only type of malignant breast cancer for which no designated FDA-approved targeted therapy is available. Although overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently found in TNBC, the therapeutic effect of EGFR inhibitors in TNBC has been underwhelming. Here we show that co-treatment with clinically validated inhibitors of c-ABL (imatinib) and EGFR (lapatinib) results in synergistic growth inhibition in TNBC cells. The dual treatment leads to synergistic repression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR (HOX Antisense Intergenic RNA). HOTAIR has been known to induce tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer. Depleting HOTAIR alone phenocopies the dual treatment in growth suppression. We show that expression of HOTAIR is regulated by β-catenin through a LEF1/TCF4-binding site. The dual treatment blocks nuclear expression of β-catenin and prevents its recruitment to the HOTAIR promoter. Consistently, forced expression of β-catenin rescued HOTAIR expression and cell viability in the presence of both drugs. Upregulation of HOTAIR is associated with TNBC in cell lines and a cohort of primary tumors. This study elucidates a previously unidentified mechanism in TNBC linking signaling with lncRNA regulation which may be exploited for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Liang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Overstreet
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Min-Shan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hua-Jun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Po-Chun Ho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Molly Smith
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Cancer and Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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20
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Abstract
The Abelson (ABL) tyrosine kinases were identified as drivers of leukemia in mice and humans. Emerging data has shown a role for the ABL family kinases, ABL1 and ABL2, in the progression of several solid tumors. This review will focus on recent reports of the involvement of the ABL kinases in tumor progression using mouse models as well as recent data generated from genomic and proteomic studies linking enhanced expression and hyper-activation of the ABL kinases to some human cancers. Preclinical studies on small molecule inhibitors of the ABL kinases suggest that their use may have beneficial effects for the treatment of selected solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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21
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de Oliveira GAP, Rangel LP, Costa DC, Silva JL. Misfolding, Aggregation, and Disordered Segments in c-Abl and p53 in Human Cancer. Front Oncol 2015; 5:97. [PMID: 25973395 PMCID: PMC4413674 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to cancer is not sufficient to explain the loss or gain of function in proteins related to tumorigenic processes. Among them, more than 100 oncogenes, 20-30 tumor-suppressor genes, and hundreds of genes participating in DNA repair and replication have been found to play a role in the origins of cancer over the last 25 years. The phosphorylation of serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues is a critical step in cellular growth and development and is achieved through the tight regulation of protein kinases. Phosphorylation plays a major role in eukaryotic signaling as kinase domains are found in 2% of our genes. The deregulation of kinase control mechanisms has disastrous consequences, often leading to gains of function, cell transformation, and cancer. The c-Abl kinase protein is one of the most studied targets in the fight against cancer and is a hotspot for drug development because it participates in several solid tumors and is the hallmark of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Tumor suppressors have the opposite effects. Their fundamental role in the maintenance of genomic integrity has awarded them a role as the guardians of DNA. Among the tumor suppressors, p53 is the most studied. The p53 protein has been shown to be a transcription factor that recognizes and binds to specific DNA response elements and activates gene transcription. Stress triggered by ionizing radiation or other mutagenic events leads to p53 phosphorylation and cell-cycle arrest, senescence, or programed cell death. The p53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer. Mutations in the DNA-binding domain are classified as class I or class II depending on whether substitutions occur in the DNA contact sites or in the protein core, respectively. Tumor-associated p53 mutations often lead to the loss of protein function, but recent investigations have also indicated gain-of-function mutations. The prion-like aggregation of mutant p53 is associated with loss-of-function, dominant-negative, and gain-of-function effects. In the current review, we focused on the most recent insights into the protein structure and function of the c-Abl and p53 proteins that will provide us guidance to understand the loss and gain of function of these misfolded tumor-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A. P. de Oliveira
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Jiri Jonas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana P. Rangel
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Jiri Jonas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielly C. Costa
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Jiri Jonas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jerson L. Silva
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Instituto Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Jiri Jonas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Growth factor dependent regulation of centrosome function and genomic instability by HuR. Biomolecules 2015; 5:263-81. [PMID: 25803745 PMCID: PMC4384122 DOI: 10.3390/biom5010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA binding protein HuR is over expressed in cancer cells and contributes to disease progression through post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA. The regulation of HuR and how this relates to glioma is the focus of this report. SRC and c-Abl kinases regulate HuR sub-cellular trafficking and influence accumulation in the pericentriolar matrix (PCM) via a growth factor dependent signaling mechanism. Growth factor stimulation of glioma cell lines results in the associate of HuR with the PCM and amplification of centrosome number. This process is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of HuR and is abolished by mutating tyrosine residues. HuR is overexpressed in tumor samples from patients with glioblastoma and associated with a reduced survival. These findings suggest HuR plays a significant role in centrosome amplification and genomic instability, which contributes to a worse disease outcome.
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23
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Alpay K, Farshchian M, Tuomela J, Sandholm J, Aittokallio K, Siljamäki E, Kallio M, Kähäri VM, Hietanen S. Inhibition of c-Abl kinase activity renders cancer cells highly sensitive to mitoxantrone. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105526. [PMID: 25148385 PMCID: PMC4141754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although c-Abl has increasingly emerged as a key player in the DNA damage response, its role in this context is far from clear. We studied the effect of inhibition of c-Abl kinase activity by imatinib with chemotherapy drugs and found a striking difference in cell survival after combined mitoxantrone (MX) and imatinib treatment compared to a panel of other chemotherapy drugs. The combinatory treatment induced apoptosis in HeLa cells and other cancer cell lines but not in primary fibroblasts. The difference in MX and doxorubicin was related to significant augmentation of DNA damage. Transcriptionally active p53 accumulated in cells in which human papillomavirus E6 normally degrades p53. The combination treatment resulted in caspase activation and apoptosis, but this effect did not depend on either p53 or p73 activity. Despite increased p53 activity, the cells arrested in G2 phase became defective in this checkpoint, allowing cell cycle progression. The effect after MX treatment depended partially on c-Abl: Short interfering RNA knockdown of c-Abl rendered HeLa cells less sensitive to MX. The effect of imatinib was decreased by c-Abl siRNA suggesting a role for catalytically inactive c-Abl in the death cascade. These findings indicate that MX has a unique cytotoxic effect when the kinase activity of c-Abl is inhibited. The treatment results in increased DNA damage and c-Abl–dependent apoptosis, which may offer new possibilities for potentiation of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Alpay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Joint Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory of Turku University Hospital, Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mehdi Farshchian
- Department of Dermatology and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Tuomela
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Sandholm
- Cell Imaging Core, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaappo Aittokallio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Joint Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory of Turku University Hospital, Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Siljamäki
- Department of Dermatology and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Kallio
- VTT Health, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sakari Hietanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Joint Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory of Turku University Hospital, Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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24
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Paz H, Pathak N, Yang J. Invading one step at a time: the role of invadopodia in tumor metastasis. Oncogene 2014; 33:4193-202. [PMID: 24077283 PMCID: PMC3969876 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability to degrade extracellular matrix is critical for tumor cells to invade and metastasize. Recent studies show that tumor cells use specialized actin-based membrane protrusions termed invadopodia to perform matrix degradation. Invadopodia provide an elegant way for tumor cells to precisely couple focal matrix degradation with directional movement. Here we discuss several key components and regulators of invadopodia that have been uniquely implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, we discuss existing and new therapeutic opportunities to target invadopodia for anti-metastasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helicia Paz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Navneeta Pathak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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25
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Duff DJ, Guzman MA, Batanian JR. ABL1 gene involvement within a complex three-way translocation (2;9;4) in perineurioma characterized by molecular cytogenetic methods. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:263-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Blanchard Z, Mullins N, Ellipeddi P, Lage JM, McKinney S, El-Etriby R, Zhang X, Isokpehi R, Hernandez B, ElShamy WM. Geminin overexpression promotes imatinib sensitive breast cancer: a novel treatment approach for aggressive breast cancers, including a subset of triple negative. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95663. [PMID: 24789045 PMCID: PMC4005756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype that affects 10–25% mostly African American women. TNBC has the poorest prognosis of all subtypes with rapid progression leading to mortality in younger patients. So far, there is no targeted treatment for TNBC. To that end, here we show that c-Abl is one of several tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate and activate geminin’s ability to promote TNBC. Analysis of >800 breast tumor samples showed that geminin is overexpressed in ∼50% of all tumors. Although c-Abl is overexpressed in ∼90% of all tumors, it is only nuclear in geminin overexpressing tumors. In geminin-negative tumors, c-Abl is only cytoplasmic. Inhibiting c-Abl expression or activity (using imatinib or nilotinib) prevented geminin Y150 phosphorylation, inactivated the protein, and most importantly converted overexpressed geminin from an oncogene to an apoptosis inducer. In pre-clinical orthotopic breast tumor models, geminin-overexpressing cells developed aneuploid and invasive tumors, which were suppressed when c-Abl expression was blocked. Moreover, established geminin overexpressing orthotopic tumors regressed when treated with imatinib or nilotinib. Our studies support imatinib/nilotonib as a novel treatment option for patients with aggressive breast cancer (including a subset of TNBCs)-overexpressing geminin and nuclear c-Abl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zannel Blanchard
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Nicole Mullins
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Pavani Ellipeddi
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Janice M. Lage
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Shawn McKinney
- Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Rana El-Etriby
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Raphael Isokpehi
- Center for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Brenda Hernandez
- Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Wael M. ElShamy
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Wang SC. PCNA: a silent housekeeper or a potential therapeutic target? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:178-86. [PMID: 24655521 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is known as a molecular marker for proliferation given its role in replication. Three identical molecules of PCNA form a molecular sliding clamp around the DNA double helix. This provides an essential platform on which multiple proteins are dynamically recruited and coordinately regulated. Over the past decade, new research has provided a deeper comprehension of PCNA as a coordinator of essential cellular functions for cell growth, death, and maintenance. Although the biology of PCNA in proliferation has been comprehensively reviewed, research progress in unveiling the potential of targeting PCNA for disease treatment has not been systematically discussed. Here we briefly summarize the basic structural and functional characteristics of PCNA, and then discuss new developments in its protein interactions, trimer formation, and signaling regulation that open the door to possible therapeutic targeting of PCNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chun Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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28
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Greuber EK, Smith-Pearson P, Wang J, Pendergast AM. Role of ABL family kinases in cancer: from leukaemia to solid tumours. Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13:559-71. [PMID: 23842646 PMCID: PMC3935732 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Abelson (ABL) family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, ABL1 and ABL2, transduces diverse extracellular signals to protein networks that control proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. ABL1 was first identified as an oncogene required for the development of leukaemias initiated by retroviruses or chromosome translocations. The demonstration that small-molecule ABL kinase inhibitors could effectively treat chronic myeloid leukaemia opened the door to the era of targeted cancer therapies. Recent reports have uncovered roles for ABL kinases in solid tumours. Enhanced ABL expression and activation in some solid tumours, together with altered cell polarity, invasion or growth induced by activated ABL kinases, suggest that drugs targeting these kinases may be useful for treating selected solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emileigh K Greuber
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, BOX 3813, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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29
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Zhang C, Yang C, Wang R, Jiao Y, Ampah KK, Wang X, Zeng X. c-Abl Kinase Is a Regulator of αvβ3 Integrin Mediated Melanoma A375 Cell Migration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66108. [PMID: 23805201 PMCID: PMC3689700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that physically link the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the intracellular actin cytoskeleton, and are also signaling molecules that transduce signals bi-directionally across the plasma membrane. Integrin regulation is essential for tumor cell migration in response to growth factors. c-Abl kinase is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase and is critical for signaling transduction from various receptors. Here we show that c-Abl kinase is involved in A375 cell migration mediated by αvβ3 integrin in response to PDGF stimulation. c-Abl kinase colocalizes with αvβ3 integrin dynamically and affects αvβ3 integrin affinity by regulating its cluster. The interaction between c-Abl kinase and αvβ3 integrin was dependent on the activity of c-Abl kinase induced by PDGF stimulation, but was not dependent on the binding of αvβ3 integrin with its ligands, suggesting that c-Abl kinase is not involved in the outside-in signaling of αvβ3 integrin. Talin head domain was required for the interaction between c-Abl kinase and αvβ3 integrin, and the SH3 domain of c-Abl kinase was involved in its interaction with talin and αvβ3 integrin. Taken together, we have uncovered a novel and critical role of c-Abl kinase in αvβ3 integrin mediated melanoma cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruifei Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Khamal Kwesi Ampah
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Bioscience, Changchun Teachers College, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (XW)
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (XW)
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30
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Zhao H, Chen MS, Lo YH, Waltz SE, Wang J, Ho PC, Vasiliauskas J, Plattner R, Wang YL, Wang SC. The Ron receptor tyrosine kinase activates c-Abl to promote cell proliferation through tyrosine phosphorylation of PCNA in breast cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:1429-37. [PMID: 23542172 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple growth pathways lead to enhanced proliferation in malignant cells. However, how the core machinery of DNA replication is regulated by growth signaling remains largely unclear. The sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an indispensable component of the DNA machinery responsible for replicating the genome and maintaining genomic integrity. We previously reported that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) triggered tyrosine 211 (Y211) phosphorylation of PCNA, which in turn stabilized PCNA on chromatin to promote cell proliferation. Here we show that the phosphorylation can also be catalyzed by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl. We further demonstrate that, in the absence of EGFR, signaling to PCNA can be attained through the activation of the Ron receptor tyrosine kinase and the downstream non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl. We show that Ron and c-Abl form a complex, and that activation of Ron by its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HGFL), stimulates c-Abl kinase activity, which in turn directly phosphorylates PCNA at Y211 and leads to an increased level of chromatin-associated PCNA. Correspondingly, HGFL-induced Ron activation resulted in Y211 phosphorylation of PCNA while silencing of c-Abl blocked this effect. We show that c-Abl and Y211 phosphorylation of PCNA is an important axis downstream of Ron, which is required for cell proliferation. Treatment with a specific peptide that inhibits Y211 phosphorylation of PCNA or with the c-Abl pharmacological inhibitor imatinib suppressed HGFL-induced cell proliferation. Our findings identify the pathway of Ron-c-Abl-PCNA as a mechanism of oncogene-induced cell proliferation, with potentially important implications for development of combination therapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M-S Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Y-H Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S E Waltz
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA [2] Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - P-C Ho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Vasiliauskas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - R Plattner
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Y-L Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S-C Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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31
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Hossain S, Dubielecka PM, Sikorski AF, Birge RB, Kotula L. Crk and ABI1: binary molecular switches that regulate abl tyrosine kinase and signaling to the cytoskeleton. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:402-13. [PMID: 23226578 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912460051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinases Abl and Arg are among the most well-characterized tyrosine kinases in the human genome. The activation of Abl by N-terminal fusions with Bcr (Bcr-Abl) or Gag (v-Abl) is responsible for chronic myeloid leukemia or Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia and mouse leukemia virus, respectively. In addition, aberrant Abl and Arg activation downstream of several oncogenic growth factor receptors contributes to the development and progression of a variety of human cancers, often associated with poor clinical outcome, drug resistance, and tumor invasion and metastasis. Abl activation can occur by a variety of mechanisms that include domain interactions involving structural remodeling of autoinhibited conformations as well as direct phosphorylation by upstream kinases and phosphatases. Constitutive activation of Abl plays a significant role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton by modulating cell adhesion, motility, and invadopodia. This review addresses the role of Abl and Arg in tumor progression with particular emphasis on the roles of Crk and Abi1 adapter proteins as distinct molecular switches for Abl transactivation. These insights, combined with new insights into the structure of these kinases, provide the rationale to envision that Crk and Abi1 fine-tune Abl regulation to control signaling to the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hossain
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA ; Current address: Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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32
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Krishnan H, Miller WT, Goldberg GS. SRC points the way to biomarkers and chemotherapeutic targets. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:426-35. [PMID: 23226580 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912458583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Src in tumorigenesis has been extensively studied since the work of Peyton Rous over a hundred years ago. Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays key roles in signaling pathways controlling tumor cell growth and migration. Src regulates the activities of numerous molecules to induce cell transformation. However, transformed cells do not always migrate and realize their tumorigenic potential. They can be normalized by surrounding nontransformed cells by a process called contact normalization. Tumor cells need to override contact normalization to become malignant or metastatic. In this review, we discuss the role of Src in cell migration and contact normalization, with emphasis on Cas and Abl pathways. This paradigm illuminates several chemotherapeutic targets and may lead to the identification of new biomarkers and the development of effective anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Krishnan
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
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33
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Abstract
Although c-Abl and Arg non-receptor tyrosine kinases are well known for driving leukemia development, their role in solid tumors has not been appreciated until recently. Accumulating evidence now indicates that c-Abl and/or Arg are activated in some solid tumor cell lines via unique mechanisms that do not involve gene mutation/translocation, and c-Abl/Arg activation promotes matrix degradation, invasion, proliferation, tumorigenesis, and/or metastasis, depending on the tumor type. However, some data suggest that c-Abl also may suppress invasion, proliferation, and tumorigenesis in certain cell contexts. Thus, c-Abl/Arg may serve as molecular switches that suppress proliferation and invasion in response to some stimuli (e.g., ephrins) or when inactive/regulated, or as promote invasion and proliferation in response to other signals (e.g., activated growth factor receptors, loss of inhibitor expression), which induce sustained activation. Clearly, more data are required to determine the extent and prevalence of c-Abl/Arg activation in primary tumors and during progression, and additional animal studies are needed to substantiate in vitro findings. Furthermore, c-Abl/Arg inhibitors have been used in numerous solid tumor clinical trials; however, none of these trials were restricted to patients whose tumors expressed highly activated c-Abl/Arg (targeted trial). Targeted trials are critical for determining whether c-Abl/Arg inhibitors can be effective treatment options for patients whose tumors are driven by c-Abl/Arg.
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34
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Schneider R, Becker C, Simard JR, Getlik M, Bohlke N, Janning P, Rauh D. Direct Binding Assay for the Detection of Type IV Allosteric Inhibitors of Abl. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9138-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja303858w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Schneider
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max-Planck-Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse
15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6,
44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jeffrey R. Simard
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max-Planck-Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse
15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthäus Getlik
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max-Planck-Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse
15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nina Bohlke
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max-Planck-Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse
15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227
Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max-Planck-Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse
15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6,
44227 Dortmund, Germany
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35
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Zhao H, Ho PC, Lo YH, Espejo A, Bedford MT, Hung MC, Wang SC. Interaction of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) with c-Abl in cell proliferation and response to DNA damages in breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29416. [PMID: 22238610 PMCID: PMC3251568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation in primary and metastatic tumors is a fundamental characteristic of advanced breast cancer. Further understanding of the mechanism underlying enhanced cell growth will be important in identifying novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Here we demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a critical event in growth regulation of breast cancer cells. We found that phosphorylation of PCNA at tyrosine 211 (Y211) enhanced its association with the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl. We further demonstrated that c-Abl facilitates chromatin association of PCNA and is required for nuclear foci formation of PCNA in cells stressed by DNA damage as well as in unperturbed cells. Targeting Y211 phosphorylation of PCNA with a cell-permeable peptide inhibited the phosphorylation and reduced the PCNA-Abl interaction. These results show that PCNA signal transduction has an important impact on the growth regulation of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Zhao
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Po-Chun Ho
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuan-Hung Lo
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alexsandra Espejo
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Bedford
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Smithville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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36
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Ganguly SS, Fiore LS, Sims JT, Friend JW, Srinivasan D, Thacker MA, Cibull ML, Wang C, Novak M, Kaetzel DM, Plattner R. c-Abl and Arg are activated in human primary melanomas, promote melanoma cell invasion via distinct pathways, and drive metastatic progression. Oncogene 2011; 31:1804-16. [PMID: 21892207 PMCID: PMC3235241 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite 35 years of clinical trials, there is little improvement in 1-year survival rates for patients with metastatic melanoma, and the disease is essentially untreatable if not cured surgically. The paucity of chemotherapeutic agents that are effective for treating metastatic melanoma indicates a dire need to develop new therapies. Here, we found a previously unrecognized role for c-Abl and Arg in melanoma progression. We demonstrate that the kinase activities of c-Abl and Arg are elevated in primary melanomas (60%), in a subset of benign nevi (33%) and in some human melanoma cell lines. Using siRNA and pharmacological approaches, we show that c-Abl/Arg activation is functionally relevant because it is requiredfor melanoma cell proliferation, survival and invasion. Significantly, we identify the mechanism by which activated c-Abl promotes melanoma invasion by showing that it transcriptionally upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and using rescue approaches we demonstrate that c-Abl promotes invasion through a STAT3 → MMP-1 pathway. Additionally, we show that c-Abl and Arg are not merely redundant, as active Arg drives invasion in a STAT3-independent manner, and upregulates MMP-3 and MT1-MMP, in addition to MMP-1. Most importantly, c-Abl and Arg not only promote in vitro processes important for melanoma progression, but also promote metastasis in vivo, as inhibition of c-Abl/Arg kinase activity with the c-Abl/Arg inhibitor, nilotinib, dramatically inhibits metastasis in a mouse model. Taken together, these data identify c-Abl and Arg as critical, novel, drug targets in metastatic melanoma, and indicate that nilotinib may be useful in preventing metastasis in patients with melanomas harboring active c-Abl and Arg.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Ganguly
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, 40536, USA
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37
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Abstract
The p53 family member p63 has been shown to be critical for growth, proliferation and chemosensitivity. Here we demonstrate that the c-Abl tyrosine kinase phosphorylates the widely expressed ΔNp63α isoform and identify multiple sites by mass spectrometry in vitro and in vivo. Phopshorylation by c-Abl results in greater protein stability of both ectopically expressed and endogenous ΔNp63α. c-Abl phosphorylation of ΔNp63α induces its binding to Yes-associated protein (YAP) and silencing of YAP by siRNA reduces the c-Abl-induced increase of ΔNp63α levels. We further show that cisplatin induces c-Abl phosphorylation of ΔNp63α and its binding to YAP. Overexpression of ΔNp63α, but not the c-Abl phosphosites mutant, protects cells from cisplatin treatment. Finally, we demonstrate the rescue of p63 siRNA-mediated loss of viability with p63siRNA insensitive construct of ΔNp63α but not the phosphosites mutant. These results demonstrate that c-Abl phosphorylation of ΔNp63α regulates its protein stability, by inducing binding of YAP, and is critical for cell viability.
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Furlan A, Stagni V, Hussain A, Richelme S, Conti F, Prodosmo A, Destro A, Roncalli M, Barilà D, Maina F. Abl interconnects oncogenic Met and p53 core pathways in cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2011; 18:1608-16. [PMID: 21455220 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The simplicity of BCR-ABL 'oncogene addiction' characterizing leukemia contrasts with the complexity of solid tumors where multiple 'core pathways', including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and p53, are often altered. This discrepancy illustrates the limited success of RTK antagonists in solid tumor treatment compared with the impact of Imatinib in BCR-ABL-dependent leukemia. Here, we identified c-Abl as a signaling node interconnecting Met-RTK and p53 core pathways, and showed that its inhibition impairs Met-dependent tumorigenesis. Met ensures cell survival through a new path in which c-Abl and p38-MAPK are employed to elicit p53 phosphorylation on Ser(392) and Mdm2 upregulation. We found a clinical correlation between activated Met, phospho-p53, and Mdm2 levels in human tumors, supporting the role of this path in tumorigenesis. Our findings introduce the concept that RTK-driven tumors may be therapeutically treated by hitting signaling nodes interconnecting core pathways. Moreover, they underline the importance of evaluating the relevance of c-Abl antagonists for combined therapies, based on the tumor signaling signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Furlan
- Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille-Luminy (IBDML), UMR 6216, CNRS - Inserm - Université de la Méditerranée, Campus de Luminy-Case 907, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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39
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Allington TM, Schiemann WP. The Cain and Abl of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and transforming growth factor-β in mammary epithelial cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2010; 193:98-113. [PMID: 21051857 DOI: 10.1159/000320163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) normally inhibits breast cancer development by preventing mammary epithelial cell (MEC) proliferation, by inducing MEC apoptosis, and by creating cell microenvironments that maintain MEC homeostasis and prevent their uncontrolled growth and motility. Mammary tumorigenesis elicits dramatic alterations in MEC architecture and microenvironment integrity, which collectively counteract the tumor-suppressing activities of TGF-β and enable its stimulation of breast cancer invasion and metastasis. How malignant MECs overcome the cytostatic actions imposed by normal microenvironments and TGF-β, and how abnormal microenvironments conspire with TGF-β to stimulate the development and progression of mammary tumors remains largely undefined. These knowledge gaps have prevented science and medicine from implementing treatments effective in simultaneously targeting abnormal cellular microenvironments, and in antagonizing the oncogenic activities of TGF-β in developing and progressing breast cancers. c-Abl is a ubiquitously expressed nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase that essentially oversees all aspects of cell physiology, including the regulation of cell proliferation, migration and adhesion, as well as that of cell survival. Thus, the biological functions of c-Abl are highly reminiscent of those attributed to TGF-β, including the ability to function as either a suppressor or promoter of tumorigenesis. Interestingly, while dysregulated Abl activity clearly promotes tumorigenesis in hematopoietic cells, an analogous role for c-Abl in regulating solid tumor development, including those of the breast, remains controversial. Here, we review the functions of c-Abl in regulating breast cancer development and progression, and in alleviating the oncogenic activities of TGF-β and its stimulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition during mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tressa M Allington
- Department of Pharmacology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colo., USA
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40
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Yao X, Balamurugan P, Arvey A, Leslie C, Zhang L. Heme controls the regulation of protein tyrosine kinases Jak2 and Src. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 403:30-5. [PMID: 21036157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases play key roles in many molecular and cellular processes in diverse living organisms. Their proper functioning is crucial for the normal growth, development, and health in humans, whereas their dysfunction can cause serious diseases, including various cancers. As such, intense studies have been performed to understand the molecular mechanisms by which the activities of protein tyrosine kinases are regulated in mammalian cells. Particularly, small molecules that can modulate the activity of tyrosine kinases are of great importance for discovering therapeutic drug candidates for numerous diseases. Notably, heme cannot only serve as a prosthetic group for hemoglobins and enzymes, but it also is a small signaling molecule that can control the activity of diverse signaling and regulatory proteins. Using a computational search, we found that a group of non-membrane spanning tyrosine kinases contains one or more CP motifs that can potentially bind to heme and mediate heme regulation. We then used experimental approaches to determine whether heme can affect the activity of any of these tyrosine kinases. We found that heme indeed affects the phosphorylation of key tyrosine residues in Jak2 and Src, and is therefore able to modulate Jak2 and Src activity. Further experiments showed that Jak2 and Src bind to heme and that the presence of heme alters the sensitivity of Jak2 and Src to trypsin digestion. These results suggest that heme actively interacts with Jak2 and Src and alters their conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Mail Stop FO31, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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41
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Smith-Pearson PS, Greuber EK, Yogalingam G, Pendergast AM. Abl kinases are required for invadopodia formation and chemokine-induced invasion. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40201-11. [PMID: 20937825 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.147330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Abl tyrosine kinases, Abl and Arg, play a role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by modulating cell-cell adhesion and cell motility. Deregulation of both the actin cytoskeleton and Abl kinases have been implicated in cancers. Abl kinase activity is elevated in a number of metastatic cancers and these kinases are activated downstream of several oncogenic growth factor receptor signaling pathways. However, the role of Abl kinases in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton during tumor progression and invasion remains elusive. Here we identify the Abl kinases as essential regulators of invadopodia assembly and function. We show that Abl kinases are activated downstream of the chemokine receptor, CXCR4, and are required for cancer cell invasion and matrix degradation induced by SDF1α, serum growth factors, and activated Src kinase. Moreover, Abl kinases are readily detected at invadopodia assembly sites and their inhibition prevents the assembly of actin and cortactin into organized invadopodia structures. We show that active Abl kinases form complexes with membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), a critical invadopodia component required for matrix degradation. Further, loss of Abl kinase signaling induces internalization of MT1-MMP from the cell surface, promotes its accumulation in the perinuclear compartment and inhibits MT1-MMP tyrosine phosphorylation. Our findings reveal that Abl kinase signaling plays a critical role in invadopodia formation and function, and have far-reaching implications for the treatment of metastatic carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pameeka S Smith-Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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42
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Abstract
ABL-family proteins comprise one of the best conserved branches of the tyrosine kinases. Each ABL protein contains an SH3-SH2-TK (Src homology 3-Src homology 2-tyrosine kinase) domain cassette, which confers autoregulated kinase activity and is common among nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. This cassette is coupled to an actin-binding and -bundling domain, which makes ABL proteins capable of connecting phosphoregulation with actin-filament reorganization. Two vertebrate paralogs, ABL1 and ABL2, have evolved to perform specialized functions. ABL1 includes nuclear localization signals and a DNA binding domain through which it mediates DNA damage-repair functions, whereas ABL2 has additional binding capacity for actin and for microtubules to enhance its cytoskeletal remodeling functions. Several types of posttranslational modifications control ABL catalytic activity, subcellular localization, and stability, with consequences for both cytoplasmic and nuclear ABL functions. Binding partners provide additional regulation of ABL catalytic activity, substrate specificity, and downstream signaling. Information on ABL regulatory mechanisms is being mined to provide new therapeutic strategies against hematopoietic malignancies caused by BCR-ABL1 and related leukemogenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Colicelli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Molecular Biology Institute and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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43
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Khusial PR, Vadla B, Krishnan H, Ramlall TF, Shen Y, Ichikawa H, Geng JG, Goldberg GS. Src activates Abl to augment Robo1 expression in order to promote tumor cell migration. Oncotarget 2010; 1:198-209. [PMID: 21301049 PMCID: PMC3058788 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential step in cancer invasion and metastasis. A number of orchestrated cellular events involving tyrosine kinases and signaling receptors enable cancer cells to dislodge from primary tumors and colonize elsewhere in the body. For example, activation of the Src and Abl kinases can mediate events that promote tumor cell migration. Also, activation of the Robo1 receptor can induce tumor cell migration. However, while the importance of Src, Abl, and Robo1 in cell migration have been demonstrated, molecular mechanisms by which they collectively influence cell migration have not been clearly elucidated. In addition, little is known about mechanisms that control Robo1 expression. We report here that Src activates Abl to stabilize Robo1 in order to promote cell migration. Inhibition of Abl kinase activity by siRNA or kinase blockers decreased Robo1 protein levels and suppressed the migration of transformed cells. We also provide evidence that Robo1 utilizes Cdc42 and Rac1 GTPases to induce cell migration. In addition, inhibition of Robo1 signaling can suppress transformed cell migration in the face of robust Src and Abl kinase activity. Therefore, inhibitors of Src, Abl, Robo1 and small GTPases may target a coordinated pathway required for tumor cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raaj Khusial
- Molecular Biology Department, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Bhaskar Vadla
- Molecular Biology Department, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Harini Krishnan
- Molecular Biology Department, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Trudy F Ramlall
- Department of Biochemistry and Program in Structural Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yongquan Shen
- Molecular Biology Department, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Genetcis Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Jian-Guo Geng
- Vascular Biology Center, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Gary S Goldberg
- Molecular Biology Department, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
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44
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Khusial PR, Vadla B, Krishnan H, Ramlall TF, Shen Y, Ichikawa H, Geng JG, Goldberg GS. Src activates Abl to augment Robo1 expression in order to promote tumor cell migration. Oncotarget 2010; 1:198-209. [PMID: 21301049 PMCID: PMC3058788 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an essential step in cancer invasion and metastasis. A number of orchestrated cellular events involving tyrosine kinases and signaling receptors enable cancer cells to dislodge from primary tumors and colonize elsewhere in the body. For example, activation of the Src and Abl kinases can mediate events that promote tumor cell migration. Also, activation of the Robo1 receptor can induce tumor cell migration. However, while the importance of Src, Abl, and Robo1 in cell migration have been demonstrated, molecular mechanisms by which they collectively influence cell migration have not been clearly elucidated. In addition, little is known about mechanisms that control Robo1 expression. We report here that Src activates Abl to stabilize Robo1 in order to promote cell migration. Inhibition of Abl kinase activity by siRNA or kinase blockers decreased Robo1 protein levels and suppressed the migration of transformed cells. We also provide evidence that Robo1 utilizes Cdc42 and Rac1 GTPases to induce cell migration. In addition, inhibition of Robo1 signaling can suppress transformed cell migration in the face of robust Src and Abl kinase activity. Therefore, inhibitors of Src, Abl, Robo1 and small GTPases may target a coordinated pathway required for tumor cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raaj Khusial
- Molecular Biology Department, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
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45
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Singh J, Aaronson SA, Mlodzik M. Drosophila Abelson kinase mediates cell invasion and proliferation through two distinct MAPK pathways. Oncogene 2010; 29:4033-45. [PMID: 20453880 PMCID: PMC2919309 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Abelson (Abl) family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases plays important role in cell morphogenesis, motility and proliferation. Although the function of Abl has been extensively studied in leukemia, its role in epithelial cell invasion remains obscure. Using the Drosophila wing epithelium as an in-vivo model system, we demonstrate that overexpression (activation) of Drosophila Abl (dAbl) causes loss of epithelial apical/basal cell polarity and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases, resulting in a cellular invasion and apoptosis. Our in vivo data indicate that dAbl acts downstream of the Src kinases, which are known regulators of cell adhesion and invasion. Downstream of dAbl, Rac GTPases activate two distinct MAPK pathways: JNK signaling (required for cell invasion and apoptosis) and ERK signaling (inducing cell proliferation). Activated Abl also increases the activity of Src members through a positive feedback loop leading to signal amplification. Thus targeting Src-Abl, using available dual inhibitors, could be of therapeutic importance in tumor cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Singh
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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46
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Abstract
The c-Abl protein is a ubiquitously expressed nonreceptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and function of many mammalian organ systems, including the immune system and bone. Here we show that homozygous Abl mutant embryos and newborns on the C57BL/6J background, but not on other backgrounds, display dramatically enlarged hearts and die perinatally. The heart defects can be largely rescued by cardiomyocyte-specific restoration of the full-length c-Abl protein. The cardiac hyperplasia phenotype is not caused by decreased apoptosis, but rather by abnormally increased cardiomyocyte proliferation during later stages of embryogenesis. Genes involved in cardiac stress and remodeling and cell cycle regulation are also up-regulated in the mutant hearts. These findings reveal an essential role for c-Abl in mammalian heart growth and development.
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47
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Singleton PA, Pendyala S, Gorshkova IA, Mambetsariev N, Moitra J, Garcia JGN, Natarajan V. Dynamin 2 and c-Abl are novel regulators of hyperoxia-mediated NADPH oxidase activation and reactive oxygen species production in caveolin-enriched microdomains of the endothelium. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:34964-75. [PMID: 19833721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.013771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, particularly by the endothelial NADPH oxidase family of proteins, plays a major role in the pathophysiology associated with lung inflammation, ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis, hyperoxia, and ventilator-associated lung injury. We examined potential regulators of ROS production and discovered that hyperoxia treatment of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells induced recruitment of the vesicular regulator, dynamin 2, the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Abl, and the NADPH oxidase subunit, p47(phox), to caveolin-enriched microdomains (CEMs). Silencing caveolin-1 (which blocks CEM formation) and/or c-Abl expression with small interference RNA inhibited hyperoxia-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation and association of dynamin 2 with p47(phox) and ROS production. In addition, treatment of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells with dynamin 2 small interfering RNA or the dynamin GTPase inhibitor, Dynasore, attenuated hyperoxia-mediated ROS production and p47(phox) recruitment to CEMs. Using purified recombinant proteins, we observed that c-Abl tyrosine-phosphorylated dynamin 2, and this phosphorylation increased p47(phox)/dynamin 2 association (change in the dissociation constant (K(d)) from 85.8 to 6.9 nm). Furthermore, exposure of mice to hyperoxia increased ROS production, c-Abl activation, dynamin 2 association with p47(phox), and pulmonary leak, events that were attenuated in the caveolin-1 knock-out mouse confirming a role for CEMs in ROS generation. These results suggest that hyperoxia induces c-Abl-mediated dynamin 2 phosphorylation required for recruitment of p47(phox) to CEMs and subsequent ROS production in lung endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Singleton
- Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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48
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Huang WS, Zhu X, Wang Y, Azam M, Wen D, Sundaramoorthi R, Thomas RM, Liu S, Banda G, Lentini SP, Das S, Xu Q, Keats J, Wang F, Wardwell S, Ning Y, Snodgrass JT, Broudy MI, Russian K, Daley GQ, Iuliucci J, Dalgarno DC, Clackson T, Sawyer TK, Shakespeare WC. 9-(Arenethenyl)purines as dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitors targeting the inactive conformation: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4743-56. [PMID: 19572547 DOI: 10.1021/jm900166t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of potent dual Src/Abl kinase inhibitors based on a 9-(arenethenyl)purine core has been identified. Unlike traditional dual Src/Abl inhibitors targeting the active enzyme conformation, these inhibitors bind to the inactive, DFG-out conformation of both kinases. Extensive SAR studies led to the discovery of potent and orally bioavailable inhibitors, some of which demonstrated in vivo efficacy. Once-daily oral administration of inhibitor 9i (AP24226) significantly prolonged the survival of mice injected intravenously with wild type Bcr-Abl expressing Ba/F3 cells at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In a separate model, oral administration of 9i to mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of Src Y527F expressing NIH 3T3 cells elicited dose-dependent tumor shrinkage with complete tumor regression observed at the highest dose. Notably, several inhibitors (e.g., 14a, AP24163) exhibited modest cellular potency (IC50 = 300-400 nM) against the Bcr-Abl mutant T315I, a variant resistant to all currently marketed therapies for chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Huang
- ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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49
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Allington TM, Galliher-Beckley AJ, Schiemann WP. Activated Abl kinase inhibits oncogenic transforming growth factor-beta signaling and tumorigenesis in mammary tumors. FASEB J 2009; 23:4231-43. [PMID: 19690215 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-138412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a ubiquitous cytokine with dual roles in tumor suppression and promotion, and these dichotomous functions have frustrated the development of therapies targeting oncogenic signaling by TGF-beta. In comparison, Abl is well established as an initiator of hematopoietic cancers; however, a clear role for Abl in regulating solid tumor development remains elusive. Here, we investigated the role of Abl in TGF-beta-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in normal and metastatic mammary epithelial cells (MECs). In doing so, we identified Abl as an essential regulator of MEC morphology and showed that Abl inactivation was sufficient to induce phenotypic and transcriptional EMT in normal MECs. Increasing Abl activity in metastatic MECs resulted in their complete morphological reversion, restored their cytostatic response to TGF-beta, and blocked their secretion of matrix metalloproteinases induced by TGF-beta. Constitutively active Abl expression blocked TGF-beta-responsive mammary tumor growth in mice, while Imatinib therapy afforded no clinical benefit in mice bearing mammary tumors. Collectively, this investigation establishes Abl as a potent mediator of MEC identity, and as a suppressor of oncogenic TGF-beta signaling during mammary tumorigenesis. Notably, our findings strongly caution against the use of pharmacological Abl antagonists in the treatment of developing and progressing mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tressa M Allington
- Department of Pharmacology, MS-8303, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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50
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Choi Y, Seeliger MA, Panjarian SB, Kim H, Deng X, Sim T, Couch B, Koleske AJ, Smithgall TE, Gray NS. N-myristoylated c-Abl tyrosine kinase localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum upon binding to an allosteric inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:29005-14. [PMID: 19679652 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.026633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allosteric kinase inhibitors hold promise for revealing unique features of kinases that may not be apparent using conventional ATP-competitive inhibitors. Here we explore the activity of a previously reported allosteric inhibitor of BCR-Abl kinase, GNF-2, against two cellular isoforms of Abl tyrosine kinase: one that carries a myristate in the N terminus and the other that is deficient in N-myristoylation. Our results show that GNF-2 inhibits the kinase activity of non-myristoylated c-Abl more potently than that of myristoylated c-Abl by binding to the myristate-binding pocket in the C-lobe of the kinase domain. Unexpectedly, indirect immunofluorescence reveals a translocation of myristoylated c-Abl to the endoplasmic reticulum in GNF-2-treated cells, whereas GNF-2 has no detectable effect on the localization of non-myristoylated c-Abl. These results indicate that GNF-2 competes with the NH(2)-terminal myristate for binding to the c-Abl kinase myristate-binding pocket and that the exposed myristoyl group accounts for the localization to the endoplasmic reticulum. We also demonstrate that GNF-2 can inhibit enzymatic and cellular kinase activity of Arg, a kinase highly homologous to c-Abl, which is also likely to be regulated through intramolecular binding of an NH(2)-terminal myristate lipid. These results suggest that non-ATP-competitive inhibitors, such as GNF-2, can serve as chemical tools that can discriminate between c-Abl isoform-specific behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmun Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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