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A Comprehensive Characterization of Stemness in Cell Lines and Primary Cells of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810663. [PMID: 36142575 PMCID: PMC9503169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive characterization of stemness in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines. Seventeen cell lines were evaluated for the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. The two putative pancreatic CSC phenotypes were expressed heterogeneously ranging from 0 to 99.35% (median 3.46) for ESA+CD24+CD44+ and 0 to 1.94% (median 0.13) for CXCR4+CD133+. Cell lines were classified according to ESA+CD24+CD44+ expression as: Low-Stemness (LS; <5%, n = 9, median 0.31%); Medium-Stemness (MS; 6−20%, n = 4, median 12.4%); and High-Stemness (HS; >20%, n = 4, median 95.8%) cell lines. Higher degree of stemness was associated with in vivo tumorigenicity but not with in vitro growth kinetics, clonogenicity, and chemo-resistance. A wide characterization (chemokine receptors, factors involved in pancreatic organogenesis, markers of epithelial−mesenchymal transition, and secretome) revealed that the degree of stemness was associated with KRT19 and NKX2.2 mRNA expression, with CD49a and CA19.9/Tie2 protein expression, and with the secretion of VEGF, IL-7, IL-12p70, IL-6, CCL3, IL-10, and CXCL9. The expression of stem cell markers was also evaluated on primary tumor cells from 55 PDAC patients who underwent pancreatectomy with radical intent, revealing that CXCR4+/CD133+ and CD24+ cells, but not ESA+CD24+CD44+, are independent predictors of mortality.
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Kim GH, Heo HJ, Kang JW, Kim EK, Baek SE, Kim K, Kim IJ, Suh S, Lee BJ, Kim YH, Pak K. Multi-omics analysis revealed TEK and AXIN2 are potential biomarkers in multifocal papillary thyroid cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:185. [PMID: 35550582 PMCID: PMC9097102 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common endocrine cancer, accounts for 80-85% of all malignant thyroid tumors. This study focused on identifying targets that affect the multifocality of PTC. In a previous study, we determined 158 mRNAs related to multifocality in BRAF-mutated PTC using The Cancer Genome Atlas. METHODS We used multi-omics data (miRNAs and mRNAs) to identify the regulatory mechanisms of the investigated mRNAs. miRNA inhibitors were used to determine the relationship between mRNAs and miRNAs. We analyzed the target protein levels in patient sera using ELISA and immunohistochemical staining of patients' tissues. RESULTS We identified 44 miRNAs that showed a negative correlation with mRNA expression. Using in vitro experiments, we identified four miRNAs that inhibit TEK and/or AXIN2 among the target mRNAs. We also showed that the downregulation of TEK and AXIN2 decreased the proliferation and migration of BRAF ( +) PTC cells. To evaluate the diagnostic ability of multifocal PTC, we examined serum TEK or AXIN2 in unifocal and multifocal PTC patients using ELISA, and showed that the serum TEK in multifocal PTC patients was higher than that in the unifocal PTC patients. The immunohistochemical study showed higher TEK and AXIN2 expression in multifocal PTC than unifocal PTC. CONCLUSIONS Both TEK and AXIN2 play a potential role in the multifocality of PTC, and serum TEK may be a diagnostic marker for multifocal PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Hyun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Data Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Heo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Wan Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genomic Data Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Baek
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Seebacher NA, Krchniakova M, Stacy AE, Skoda J, Jansson PJ. Tumour Microenvironment Stress Promotes the Development of Drug Resistance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1801. [PMID: 34829672 PMCID: PMC8615091 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a leading cause of cancer-related death, and it continues to be a major barrier to cancer treatment. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has proven to play an essential role in not only cancer progression and metastasis, but also the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Despite the significant advances in the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies, the development of drug resistance remains a major impediment to therapeutic success. This review highlights the interplay between various factors within the TME that collectively initiate or propagate MDR. The key TME-mediated mechanisms of MDR regulation that will be discussed herein include (1) altered metabolic processing and the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) axis; (2) changes in stromal cells; (3) increased cancer cell survival via autophagy and failure of apoptosis; (4) altered drug delivery, uptake, or efflux and (5) the induction of a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. The review also discusses thought-provoking ideas that may assist in overcoming the TME-induced MDR. We conclude that stressors from the TME and exposure to chemotherapeutic agents are strongly linked to the development of MDR in cancer cells. Therefore, there remains a vast area for potential research to further elicit the interplay between factors existing both within and outside the TME. Elucidating the mechanisms within this network is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies that are less prone to failure due to the development of resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Krchniakova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra E. Stacy
- Cancer Drug Resistance & Stem Cell Program, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Jan Skoda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patric J. Jansson
- Cancer Drug Resistance & Stem Cell Program, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Mehendale-Munj S, Sawant S. Breast Cancer Resistance Protein: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:420-428. [PMID: 33243119 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201125200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) is an efflux transporter responsible for causing multidrug resistance (MDR). It is known to expel many potent antineoplastic drugs, owing to its efflux function. Efflux of chemotherapeutics because of BCRP develops resistance to many drugs, leading to failure in cancer treatment. BCRP plays an important role in physiology by protecting the organism from xenobiotics and other toxins. It is a half-transporter affiliated to the ATP- binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters, encoded by the gene ABCG2 and functions in response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Regulation of BCRP expression is critically controlled at molecular levels, which help in maintaining the balance of xenobiotics and nutrients inside the body. Expression of BCRP can be found in brain, liver, lung cancers and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Moreover, it is also expressed at high levels in stem cells and many cell lines. This frequent expression of BCRP has an impact on the treatment procedures and, if not scrutinized, may lead to the failure of many cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Mehendale-Munj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Behind Collector's Colony, Chembur (E), Mumbai 400074, Affiliated to University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivangi Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Hashu Advani Memorial Complex, Behind Collector's Colony, Chembur (E), Mumbai 400074, Affiliated to University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Chen MK, Hsu JL, Hung MC. Nuclear receptor tyrosine kinase transport and functions in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:59-107. [PMID: 32593407 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signaling functions of plasma membrane-localized receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been extensively studied after they were first described in the mid-1980s. Plasma membrane RTKs are activated by extracellular ligands and cellular stress stimuli, and regulate cellular responses by activating the downstream effector proteins to initiate a wide range of signaling cascades in the cells. However, increasing evidence indicates that RTKs can also be transported into the intracellular compartments where they phosphorylate traditional effector proteins and non-canonical substrate proteins. In general, internalization that retains the RTK's transmembrane domain begins with endocytosis, and endosomal RTK remains active before being recycled or degraded. Further RTK retrograde transport from endosome-Golgi-ER to the nucleus is primarily dependent on membranes vesicles and relies on the interaction with the COP-I vesicle complex, Sec61 translocon complex, and importin. Internalized RTKs have non-canonical substrates that include transcriptional co-factors and DNA damage response proteins, and many nuclear RTKs harbor oncogenic properties and can enhance cancer progression. Indeed, nuclear-localized RTKs have been shown to positively correlate with cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, understanding the functions of nuclear RTKs and the mechanisms of nuclear RTK transport will further improve our knowledge to evaluate the potential of targeting nuclear RTKs or the proteins involved in their transport as new cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Butkiewicz D, Gdowicz-Kłosok A, Krześniak M, Rutkowski T, Krzywon A, Cortez AJ, Domińczyk I, Składowski K. Association of Genetic Variants in ANGPT/TEK and VEGF/VEGFR with Progression and Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Radiotherapy or Radiochemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061506. [PMID: 32526933 PMCID: PMC7352333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for growth, progression, and metastasis of solid tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) and angiopoietin (ANGPT)/ tyrosine kinase endothelial (TEK) signaling plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis. Very little is known about the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in angiogenesis-related genes on treatment outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Therefore, we evaluated the association between SNPs in ANGPT1, ANGPT2, TEK, VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 genes and five clinical endpoints in 422 HNSCC patients receiving radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed an association of ANGPT2 rs3739391, rs3020221 and TEK rs639225 with overall survival, and VEGF rs2010963 with overall and metastasis-free survival. VEGFR2 rs1870377 and VEGF rs699947 affected local recurrence-free survival in all patients. In the combination treatment subgroup, rs699947 predicted local, nodal, and loco-regional recurrence-free survival, whereas VEGFR2 rs2071559 showed an association with nodal recurrence-free survival. However, these associations were not statistically significant after multiple testing correction. Moreover, a strong cumulative effect of SNPs was observed that survived this adjustment. These SNPs and their combinations were independent risk factors for specific endpoints. Our data suggest that certain germline variants in ANGPT2/TEK and VEGF/VEGFR2 axes may have predictive and prognostic potential in HNSCC treated with radiation or chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Butkiewicz
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.G.-K.); (M.K.); (I.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Gdowicz-Kłosok
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.G.-K.); (M.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Krześniak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.G.-K.); (M.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Tomasz Rutkowski
- I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (T.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Krzywon
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Alexander Jorge Cortez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Iwona Domińczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.G.-K.); (M.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Krzysztof Składowski
- I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (T.R.); (K.S.)
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Yu Q, Xue Y, Liu J, Xi Z, Li Z, Liu Y. Fibronectin Promotes the Malignancy of Glioma Stem-Like Cells Via Modulation of Cell Adhesion, Differentiation, Proliferation and Chemoresistance. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:130. [PMID: 29706869 PMCID: PMC5908975 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) are regarded as the sources of oncogenesis, recurrence, invasion and chemoresistance in malignant gliomas. Growing evidence suggests that the microenvironment surrounding GSCs interacts with tumor cells to influence biological behavior; however, the functional mechanisms involved are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the modulation of GSCs triggered by fibronectin (FN), a main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), in terms of cell adhesion, differentiation, proliferation and chemoresistance. We demonstrated that pre-coated FN prompted increased adherence by GSCs, with increased matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs)-2 and -9 expression, in a concentration-dependent manner. Decreases in sox-2 and nestin levels, and increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and β-tubulin were also found in GSCs, indicating cell differentiation driven by FN. Further investigation revealed that FN promoted cell growth, as demonstrated by the elevation of Ki-67, with the activation of p-ERK1/2 and cyclin D1 also evident. In addition, FN suppressed p53-mediated apoptosis and upregulated P-glycoprotein expression, making GSCs more chemoresistant to alkylating agents such as carmustine. In contrast, this effect was reversed by an integrin inhibitor, cilengitide. Activation of the focal adhesion kinase/paxillin/AKT signaling pathway was involved in the modulation of GSCs by FN. Focusing on the interactions between tumor cells and the ECM may be an encouraging aspect of research on novel chemotherapeutic therapies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy and cancer relapse are major clinical challenges attributed to a sub population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The concept of CSCs has been the subject of intense research by the oncology community since evidence for their existence was first published over twenty years ago. Emerging data indicates that they are also able to evade novel therapies such as targeted agents, immunotherapies and anti-angiogenics. The inability to appropriately identify and isolate CSCs is a major hindrance to the field and novel technologies are now being utilized. Agents that target CSC-associated cell surface receptors and signaling pathways have generated promising pre-clinical results and are now entering clinical trial. Here we discuss and evaluate current therapeutic strategies to target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Annett
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Ireland
| | - Tracy Robson
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Ireland.
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Cortes-Santiago N, Hossain MB, Gabrusiewicz K, Fan X, Gumin J, Marini FC, Alonso MM, Lang F, Yung WK, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C. Soluble Tie2 overrides the heightened invasion induced by anti-angiogenesis therapies in gliomas. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16146-57. [PMID: 26910374 PMCID: PMC4941303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma recurrence after treatment with the anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent bevacizumab is characterized by a highly infiltrative and malignant behavior that renders surgical excision and chemotherapy ineffective. Our group has previously reported that Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) are aberrantly present at the tumor/normal brain interface after anti-VEGF therapies and their significant role in the invasive outgrowth of these tumors. Here, we aimed to further understand the mechanisms leading to this pro-invasive tumor microenvironment. Examination of a U87MG xenogeneic glioma model and a GL261 murine syngeneic model showed increased tumor expression of angiopoietin 2 (Ang2), a natural ligand of Tie2, after anti-angiogenesis therapies targeting VEGF or VEGF receptor (VEGFR), as assessed by immunohistochemical analysis, immunofluorescence analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of tumor lysates. Migration and gelatinolytic assays showed that Ang2 acts as both a chemoattractant of TEMs and an enhancing signal for their tumor-remodeling properties. Accordingly, in vivo transduction of Ang2 into intracranial gliomas increased recruitment of TEMs into the tumor. To reduce invasive tumor outgrowth after anti-angiogenesis therapy, we targeted the Ang-Tie2 axis using a Tie2 decoy receptor. Using syngeneic models, we observed that overexpression of soluble Tie2 within the tumor prevented the recruitment of TEMs to the tumor and the development of invasion after anti-angiogenesis treatment. Taken together, these data indicate an active role for the Ang2-Tie2 pathway in invasive glioma recurrence after anti-angiogenesis treatment and provide a rationale for testing the combined targeting of VEGF and Ang-Tie2 pathways in patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahir Cortes-Santiago
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad B Hossain
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Konrad Gabrusiewicz
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuejun Fan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joy Gumin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frank C Marini
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Frederick Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W K Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan Fueyo
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Al-Sarraf H, Malatiali S, Al-Awadi M, Redzic Z. Effects of erythropoietin on astrocytes and brain endothelial cells in primary culture during anoxia depend on simultaneous signaling by other cytokines and on duration of anoxia. Neurochem Int 2017; 113:34-45. [PMID: 29180303 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies on animals revealed neuroprotective effects of exogenously applied erythropoietin (EPO) during cerebral ischemia/hypoxia. Yet, application of exogenous EPO in stroke patients often lead to haemorrhagic transformation. To clarify potential mechanism of this adverse effect we explored effects of EPO on viabilities of astrocytes and brain endothelial cells (BECs) in primary culture during anoxia of various durations, in the presence or absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), which are cytokines that are also released from the neurovascular unit during hypoxia. Anoxia (2-48 h) exerted marginal effects on BECs' viability and significant reductions in viability of astrocytes. Astrocyte-conditioned medium did not exert effects and exerted detrimental effects on BECs during 2 h and 24 h anoxia, respectively. This was partially reversed by inhibition of Janus kinase (Jak)2/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5 activation. Addition of rat recombinant EPO (rrEPO) during 2 h-6h anoxia was protective for astrocytes, but had no effect on BECs. Addition of rrEPO significantly reduced viability of BECs and astrocytes after 48 h anoxia and after 24 h-48 h anoxia, respectively, which was attenuated by inhibition of Jak2/STAT5 activation. Simultaneous addition of rrEPO and VEGFA (1-165) caused marginal effects on BECs, but a highly significant protective effects on astrocytes during 24-48 h anoxia, which were attenuated by inhibition of Jak2/STAT5 activation. Simultaneous addition of EPO, VEGFA 1-165 and Ang1 exerted protective effects on BECs during 24 h-48 h anoxia, which were attenuated by addition of soluble Tie2 receptor. These data revealed that EPO could exert protective, but also injurious effects on BECs and astrocytes during anoxia, which depended on the duration of anoxia and on simultaneous signaling by VEGF and Ang1. If these injurious effects occur in stroke patients, they could enhance vascular damage and haemorrhagic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hameed Al-Sarraf
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Slava Malatiali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Mariam Al-Awadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Zoran Redzic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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Schneider H, Szabo E, Machado RAC, Broggini-Tenzer A, Walter A, Lobell M, Heldmann D, Süssmeier F, Grünewald S, Weller M. Novel TIE-2 inhibitor BAY-826 displays in vivo efficacy in experimental syngeneic murine glioma models. J Neurochem 2016; 140:170-182. [PMID: 27787897 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling axis in glioblastoma inevitably leads to tumor recurrence and a more aggressive phenotype. Therefore, other angiogenic pathways, like the angiopoietin/tunica interna endothelial cell kinase (TIE) signaling axis, have become additional targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we explored whether targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase TIE-2 using a novel, highly potent, orally available small molecule TIE-2 inhibitor (BAY-826) improves tumor control in syngeneic mouse glioma models. BAY-826 inhibits TIE-2 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo as demonstrated by suppression of Angiopoietin-1- or Na3 VO4 -induced TIE-2 phosphorylation in glioma cells or extracts of lungs from BAY-826-treated mice. There was a trend toward prolonged survival upon single-agent treatment in two of four models (SMA-497 and SMA-540) and there was a significant survival benefit in one model (SMA-560). Co-treatment with BAY-826 and irradiation was ineffective in one model (SMA-497), but provided synergistic prolongation of survival in another (SMA-560). Decreased vessel densities and increased leukocyte infiltration were observed, but might be independent processes as the effect was also observed in single treatment modalities. These data demonstrate that TIE-2 inhibition may improve tumor response to treatment in highly vascularized tumors such as glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schneider
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emese Szabo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raquel A C Machado
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Broggini-Tenzer
- Laboratory for Molecular Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Walter
- GTRG Oncology II, Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Lobell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Dieter Heldmann
- GTRG Oncology II, Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Süssmeier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sylvia Grünewald
- GTRG Oncology II, Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Hossain MB, Shifat R, Johnson DG, Bedford MT, Gabrusiewicz KR, Cortes-Santiago N, Luo X, Lu Z, Ezhilarasan R, Sulman EP, Jiang H, Li SSC, Lang FF, Tyler J, Hung MC, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C. TIE2-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of H4 regulates DNA damage response by recruiting ABL1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501290. [PMID: 27757426 PMCID: PMC5065225 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair pathways enable cancer cells to survive DNA damage induced after genotoxic therapies. Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) have been reported as regulators of the DNA repair machinery. TIE2 is a TKR overexpressed in human gliomas at levels that correlate with the degree of increasing malignancy. Following ionizing radiation, TIE2 translocates to the nucleus, conferring cells with an enhanced nonhomologous end-joining mechanism of DNA repair that results in a radioresistant phenotype. Nuclear TIE2 binds to key components of DNA repair and phosphorylates H4 at tyrosine 51, which, in turn, is recognized by the proto-oncogene ABL1, indicating a role for nuclear TIE2 as a sensor for genotoxic stress by action as a histone modifier. H4Y51 constitutes the first tyrosine phosphorylation of core histones recognized by ABL1, defining this histone modification as a direct signal to couple genotoxic stress with the DNA repair machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad B. Hossain
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rehnuma Shifat
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David G. Johnson
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Mark T. Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Konrad R. Gabrusiewicz
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nahir Cortes-Santiago
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuemei Luo
- Biomolecular Resource Facility, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ravesanker Ezhilarasan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erik P. Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shawn S. C. Li
- Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Frederick F. Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jessica Tyler
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Juan Fueyo
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Tang KD, Holzapfel BM, Liu J, Lee TKW, Ma S, Jovanovic L, An J, Russell PJ, Clements JA, Hutmacher DW, Ling MT. Tie-2 regulates the stemness and metastatic properties of prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2572-84. [PMID: 25978029 PMCID: PMC4823056 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ample evidence supports that prostate tumor metastasis originates from a rare population of cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Unfortunately, little is known about the identity of these cells, making it difficult to target the metastatic prostate tumor. Here, for the first time, we report the identification of a rare population of prostate cancer cells that express the Tie-2 protein. We found that this Tie-2High population exists mainly in prostate cancer cell lines that are capable of metastasizing to the bone. These cells not only express a higher level of CSC markers but also demonstrate enhanced resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug Cabazitaxel. In addition, knockdown of the expression of the Tie-2 ligand angiopoietin (Ang-1) led to suppression of CSC markers, suggesting that the Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling pathway functions as an autocrine loop for the maintenance of prostate CSCs. More importantly, we found that Tie-2High prostate cancer cells are more adhesive than the Tie-2Low population to both osteoblasts and endothelial cells. Moreover, only the Tie-2High, but not the Tie-2Low cells developed tumor metastasis in vivo when injected at a low number. Taken together, our data suggest that Tie-2 may play an important role during the development of prostate tumor metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Proliferation
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/secondary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, TIE-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, TIE-2/genetics
- Receptor, TIE-2/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Dun Tang
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Boris M. Holzapfel
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Ji Liu
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Terence Kin-Wah Lee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lidija Jovanovic
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Jiyuan An
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Pamela J. Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Dietmar W. Hutmacher
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - Ming-Tat Ling
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
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14
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Glioma Stem Cells. Transl Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7654-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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15
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Xiang Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Hu H, Hu P, Ren H, Zhang D. A secretomic study on human hepatocellular carcinoma multiple drug-resistant cell lines. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1249-60. [PMID: 26151126 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify pivotal dysregulated proteins that are biomarkers for multiple drug resistance (MDR) of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The secretome profiles of the human HCC MDR cell line BEL7402/5-FU and its parental cell line BEL7402 were comparatively analyzed using isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS. In total, 279 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which, with a consistent result in the duplex test, 131 proteins were overexpressed in BEL7402/5-FU compared to its parental cell line, and 56 proteins were underexpressed. Several differentially expressed proteins determined by western blot analysis were also validated. The association of MDR with one of the highly regulated proteins, α-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) was determined. This study detailed the application of iTRAQ technology to MDR biomarkers in the HCC cell secretome. The results showed that differentially expressed proteins that may be associated with MDR of HCC provide valuable additional information with regard to understanding the role of MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Huaidong Hu
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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16
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Auffinger B, Spencer D, Pytel P, Ahmed AU, Lesniak MS. The role of glioma stem cells in chemotherapy resistance and glioblastoma multiforme recurrence. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:741-52. [PMID: 26027432 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1051968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) constitute a slow-dividing, small population within a heterogeneous glioblastoma. They are able to self-renew, recapitulate a whole tumor, and differentiate into other specific glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) subpopulations. Therefore, they have been held responsible for malignant relapse after primary standard therapy and the poor prognosis of recurrent GBM. The failure of current therapies to eliminate specific GSC subpopulations has been considered a major factor contributing to the inevitable recurrence in GBM patients after treatment. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance of GSCs and the reasons why complete eradication of GSCs is so difficult to achieve. We will also describe the targeted therapies currently available for GSCs and possible mechanisms to overcome such chemoresistance and avoid therapeutic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Auffinger
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave, M/C 3026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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17
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Strazielle N, Ghersi-Egea JF. Efflux transporters in blood-brain interfaces of the developing brain. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:21. [PMID: 25698917 PMCID: PMC4318338 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebral microvessel endothelium forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the epithelium of the choroid plexuses forming the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB) operate as gatekeepers for the central nervous system. Exposure of the vulnerable developing brain to chemical insults can have dramatic consequences for brain maturation and lead to life-long neurological diseases. The ability of blood-brain interfaces to efficiently protect the immature brain is therefore an important pathophysiological issue. This is also key to our understanding of drug entry into the brain of neonatal and pediatric patients. Non-specific paracellular diffusion through barriers is restricted early during development, but other neuroprotective properties of these interfaces differ between the developing and adult brains. This review focuses on the developmental expression and function of various classes of efflux transporters. These include the multispecific transporters of the ATP-binding cassette transporter families ABCB, ABCC, ABCG, the organic anion and cation transporters of the solute carrier families SLC21/SLCO and SLC22, and the peptide transporters of the SLC15 family. These transporters play a key role in preventing brain entry of blood-borne molecules such as drugs, environmental toxicants, and endogenous metabolites, or else in increasing the clearance of potentially harmful organic ions from the brain. The limited data available for laboratory animals and human highlight transporter-specific developmental patterns of expression and function, which differ between blood-brain interfaces. The BCSFB achieves an adult phenotype earlier than BBB. Efflux transporters at the BBB appear to be regulated by various factors subsequently secreted by neural progenitors and astrocytes during development. Their expression is also modulated by oxidative stress, inflammation, and exposure to xenobiotic inducers. A better understanding of these regulatory pathways during development, in particular the signaling pathways triggered by oxidative stress and xenobiotics, may open new opportunities to therapeutic manipulation in view to improve or restore neuroprotective functions of the blood-brain interfaces in the context of perinatal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Strazielle
- Brain-i Lyon, France ; Oncoflam Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Université Lyon 1 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-François Ghersi-Egea
- Oncoflam Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Université Lyon 1 Lyon, France ; BIP Platform, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Université Lyon 1 Lyon, France
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18
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Tomao F, Papa A, Rossi L, Strudel M, Vici P, Lo Russo G, Tomao S. Emerging role of cancer stem cells in the biology and treatment of ovarian cancer: basic knowledge and therapeutic possibilities for an innovative approach. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2013; 32:48. [PMID: 23902592 PMCID: PMC3734167 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In 2013 there will be an estimated 22,240 new diagnoses and 14,030 deaths from ovarian cancer in the United States. Despite the improved surgical approach and the novel active drugs that are available today in clinical practice, about 80% of women presenting with late-stage disease have a 5-year survival rate of only 30%. In the last years a growing scientific knowledge about the molecular pathways involved in ovarian carcinogenesis has led to the discovery and evaluation of several novel molecular targeted agents, with the aim to test alternative models of treatment in order to overcome the clinical problem of resistance. Cancer stem cells tend to be more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation than more differentiated cellular subtypes from the same tissue. In this context the study of ovarian cancer stem cells is taking on an increasingly important strategic role, mostly for the potential therapeutic application in the next future. In our review, we focused our attention on the molecular characteristics of epithelial ovarian cancer stem cells, in particular on possible targets to hit with targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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19
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Guddati AK, Shaheen S. Characterization of disease progression in ovarian cancer by utilizing 'chemograms' of ovarian cancer stem cells. J Chemother 2013; 25:184-91. [PMID: 23783145 DOI: 10.1179/1973947812y.0000000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women with cancer. First-line chemotherapy with platinum compounds and taxane compounds has been effective, but most patients develop a relapse of the disease due to drug resistance. There is growing evidence that this resistance may be due to the presence of ovarian cancer stem cells. DISCUSSION Cells with properties of cancer stem cells have been isolated from the ascitic fluid of ovarian cancer patients. This subset of cells is highly tumourigenic compared to the rest of the cells in the ascitic fluid. They are known to exude harmful chemicals from their cytoplasm and have been found to be resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. This property has been utilized to purify them by fluorescence assisted cytometry to yield a subset of cells which are called 'side population'. These cells exhibit the properties of cancer stem cells and their role in disease progression is being currently investigated. The course of the disease can be potentially characterized at the cellular level by closely studying this cell population. They can also be cultured in different combinations of chemotherapeutic agents at varying concentrations to obtain 'chemograms' which are sensitivity charts. Chemotherapeutic agents which produce the most effective kill curves can then be rationally used as a second-line chemotherapy if the disease relapses. These sensitivity charts can provide insight into emerging patterns of chemoresistance and also help discover surface markers that accurately identify ovarian cancer stem cells. CONCLUSION The high rate of disease relapse in patients with ovarian cancer requires a new and different approach utilizing the sensitivity of cancer stem cells. Isolating and characterizing the resistance patterns of ovarian cancer stem cells may provide a rational approach towards an effective and individualized chemotherapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achuta K Guddati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Cellular delivery of doxorubicin via pH-controlled hydrazone linkage using multifunctional nano vehicle based on poly(β-l-malic acid). Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11681-11693. [PMID: 23109877 PMCID: PMC3472769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is currently used in cancer chemotherapy to treat many tumors and shows improved delivery, reduced toxicity and higher treatment efficacy when being part of nanoscale delivery systems. However, a major drawback remains its toxicity to healthy tissue and the development of multi-drug resistance during prolonged treatment. This is why in our work we aimed to improve DOX delivery and reduce the toxicity by chemical conjugation with a new nanoplatform based on polymalic acid. For delivery into recipient cancer cells, DOX was conjugated via pH-sensitive hydrazone linkage along with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to a biodegradable, non-toxic and non-immunogenic nanoconjugate platform: poly(β-l-malic acid) (PMLA). DOX-nanoconjugates were found stable under physiological conditions and shown to successfully inhibit in vitro cancer cell growth of several invasive breast carcinoma cell lines such as MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB- 468 and of primary glioma cell lines such as U87MG and U251.
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21
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Kamal MM, Sathyan P, Singh SK, Zinn PO, Marisetty AL, Liang S, Gumin J, El-Mesallamy HO, Suki D, Colman H, Fuller GN, Lang FF, Majumder S. REST regulates oncogenic properties of glioblastoma stem cells. Stem Cells 2012; 30:405-14. [PMID: 22228704 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors are the most common malignant primary brain tumors in adults. Although many GBM tumors are believed to be caused by self-renewing, glioblastoma-derived stem-like cells (GSCs), the mechanisms that regulate self-renewal and other oncogenic properties of GSCs are only now being unraveled. Here we showed that GSCs derived from GBM patient specimens express varying levels of the transcriptional repressor repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor (REST), suggesting heterogeneity across different GSC lines. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments indicated that REST maintains self-renewal of GSCs. High REST-expressing GSCs (HR-GSCs) produced tumors histopathologically distinct from those generated by low REST-expressing GSCs (LR-GSCs) in orthotopic mouse brain tumor models. Knockdown of REST in HR-GSCs resulted in increased survival in GSC-transplanted mice and produced tumors with higher apoptotic and lower invasive properties. Conversely, forced expression of exogenous REST in LR-GSCs produced decreased survival in mice and produced tumors with lower apoptotic and higher invasive properties, similar to HR-GSCs. Thus, based on our results, we propose that a novel function of REST is to maintain self-renewal and other oncogenic properties of GSCs and that REST can play a major role in mediating tumorigenicity in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Kamal
- Department of Genetics,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Ovarian cancer stem cells: elusive targets for chemotherapy. Med Oncol 2012; 29:3400-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Natarajan K, Xie Y, Baer MR, Ross DD. Role of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in cancer drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1084-103. [PMID: 22248732 PMCID: PMC3307098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Since cloning of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family member breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and its characterization as a multidrug resistance efflux transporter in 1998, BCRP has been the subject of more than two thousand scholarly articles. In normal tissues, BCRP functions as a defense mechanism against toxins and xenobiotics, with expression in the gut, bile canaliculi, placenta, blood-testis and blood-brain barriers facilitating excretion and limiting absorption of potentially toxic substrate molecules, including many cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. BCRP also plays a key role in heme and folate homeostasis, which may help normal cells survive under conditions of hypoxia. BCRP expression appears to be a characteristic of certain normal tissue stem cells termed "side population cells," which are identified on flow cytometric analysis by their ability to exclude Hoechst 33342, a BCRP substrate fluorescent dye. Hence, BCRP expression may contribute to the natural resistance and longevity of these normal stem cells. Malignant tissues can exploit the properties of BCRP to survive hypoxia and to evade exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. Evidence is mounting that many cancers display subpopulations of stem cells that are responsible for tumor self-renewal. Such stem cells frequently manifest the "side population" phenotype characterized by expression of BCRP and other ABC transporters. Along with other factors, these transporters may contribute to the inherent resistance of these neoplasms and their failure to be cured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Xie
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
| | - Maria R. Baer
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Douglas D. Ross
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Departments of Pathology, and Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland, School of Medicine
- Staff Physician, Baltimore VA Medical Center
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24
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Bhatia P, Bernier M, Sanghvi M, Moaddel R, Schwarting R, Ramamoorthy A, Wainer IW. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) localises to the nucleus in glioblastoma multiforme cells. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:748-55. [PMID: 22401348 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.662726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), an ATP binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporter, plays a role in multiple drug resistance (MDR). Previous studies of the subcellular location of the ABC transporter P-glycoprotein indicated that this protein is expressed in nuclear membranes. This study examines the nuclear distribution of BCRP in seven human-derived glioblastoma (GBM) and astrocytoma cell lines. BCRP expression was observed in the nuclear extracts of 6/7 cell lines. Using the GBM LN229 cell line as a model, nuclear BCRP protein was detected by immunoblotting and confocal laser microscopy. Importantly, nuclear BCRP staining was found in a subpopulation of tumour cells in a human brain GBM biopsy. Mitoxantrone cytotoxicity in the LN229 cell line was determined with and without the BCRP inhibitor fumitremorgin C (FTC) and after downregulation of BCRP with small interfering RNA (siRNA). FTC inhibition of BCRP increased mitoxantrone cytotoxicity with a ~7-fold reduction in the IC₅₀ and this effect was further potentiated in the siRNA-treated cells. In conclusion, BCRP is expressed in the nuclear extracts of select GBM and astrocytoma cell lines and in a human GBM tumour biopsy. Its presence in the nucleus of cancer cells suggests new role for BCRP in MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Bhatia
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging-NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in glioblastoma stem-like cells by WP1193, a novel small molecule inhibitor of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. J Neurooncol 2012; 107:487-501. [PMID: 22249692 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) may be the initiating cells in glioblastoma (GBM) and contribute to the resistance of these tumors to conventional therapies. Development of novel chemotherapeutic agents and treatment approaches against GBM, especially those specifically targeting GSCs are thus necessary. In the present study, we found that a novel Janus kinase 2/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway inhibitor (WP1193) significantly decreased the proliferation of established glioma cell lines in vitro and inhibit the growth of glioma in vivo. To test the efficacy of WP1193 against GSCs, we then administrated WP1193 to GSCs isolated and expanded from multiple human GBM tumors. We revealed that WP1193 suppressed phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 with high potency and demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation and neurosphere formation of GSCs. These effects were at least due in part to G1 arrest associated with down-regulation of cyclin D1 and up-regulation of p21( Cip1/Waf-1 ). Furthermore, WP1193 exposure decreased expression of stem cell markers including CD133 and c-myc, and induced cell death in GSCs through apoptosis. Taken together, our data indicate that WP1193 is a potent small molecule inhibitor of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway that shows promise as a therapeutic agent against GBM by targeting GSCs.
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26
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Binello E, Germano IM. Targeting glioma stem cells: a novel framework for brain tumors. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:1958-66. [PMID: 21848914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in stem cell research that focuses on glioma stem cells (GSC) and their mechanisms of action, revealing multiple potential targets for primary malignant brain tumors. Herein, we present a novel framework for considering GSC targets based on direct and indirect strategies. Direct strategies target GSC molecular pathways to overcome their resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, block their function or induce their differentiation. Indirect strategies target the microenvironment of the GSC, namely the perivascular, hypoxic and immune niches. Progress made on GSC targets is reviewed in detail and specific pathways are identified in context of the proposed framework. The potential barriers for translation to the clinical setting are also discussed. Overall, targeting GSC provides an unprecedented opportunity for revolutionary approaches to treat high-grade gliomas that continue to have a poor patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Binello
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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27
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Park J, Park E, Han SW, Im SA, Kim TY, Kim WH, Oh DY, Bang YJ. Down-regulation of P-cadherin with PF-03732010 inhibits cell migration and tumor growth in gastric cancer. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1404-12. [PMID: 21720740 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
P-cadherin is frequently up-regulated in solid tumors such as gastric, colon, lung, pancreatic and breast cancers. Although P-cadherin promotes cadherin-mediated cell adhesion, the gastric cancer-linked regulation of P-cadherin has not been extensively investigated. In this study, we found epigenetic regulation of P-cadherin in human gastric cancer cells that was induced by treatment with DNA demethylating drug and histone deacetylase inhibitor. Silencing P-cadherin by using siRNA induces apoptosis in gastric cells and blocks expression of Tie-2, an angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase. In contrast, ectopically expressed P-cadherin by generating P-cadherin stable cell line enhances Tie-2 expression and cell mobility. We also demonstrated that inhibition of P-cadherin by PF-03732010, a fully humanized anti-P-cadherin IgG1 monoclonal antibody, suppressed cell migration in vitro and tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice bearing SNU620 gastric cancer xenograft. The data reported here are the first to reveal that the inhibition of P-cadherin decreases tumor cell migration and blocks a tumorigenesis by down-regulation of Tie-2 in gastric cancer. This demonstrates the potential for P-cadherin to be used as a target for treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinah Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Liu D, Martin V, Fueyo J, Lee OH, Xu J, Cortes-Santiago N, Alonso MM, Aldape K, Colman H, Gomez-Manzano C. Tie2/TEK modulates the interaction of glioma and brain tumor stem cells with endothelial cells and promotes an invasive phenotype. Oncotarget 2011; 1:700-9. [PMID: 21321379 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the prototype of highly infiltrative tumors and this characteristic is the main factor for the inevitable tumor recurrence and short survival after most aggressive therapies. The aberrant communication between glioma cells and tumor microenvironment represents one of the major factors regulating brain tumor dispersal. Our group has previously reported that the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie2/TEK is expressed in glioma cells and brain tumor stem cells and is associated with the malignant progression of these tumors. In this study, we sought to determine whether the angiopoietin 1 (Ang1)/Tie2 axis regulates crosstalk between glioma cells and endothelial cells. We found that Ang1 enhanced the adhesion of Tie2-expressing glioma and brain tumor stem cells to endothelial cells. Conversely, specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of Tie2 expression inhibited the adhesion capability of glioma cells. Tie2 activation induced integrin β1 and N-cadherin upregulation, and neutralizing antibodies against these molecules inhibited the adhesion of Tie2-positive glioma cells to endothelial cells. In 2D and 3D cultures, we observed that Ang1/Tie2 axis activation was related to increased glioma cell invasion, which was inhibited by using Tie2 siRNA. Importantly, intracranial co-implantation of Tie2-positive glioma cells and endothelial cells in a mouse model resulted in diffusely invasive tumors with cell clusters surrounding glomeruloid vessels mimicking a tumoral niche distribution. Collectively, our results provide new information about the Tie2 signaling in glioma cells that regulates the cross-talk between glioma cells and tumor microenvironment, envisioning Tie2 as a multi-compartmental target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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29
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Strauss R, Li ZY, Liu Y, Beyer I, Persson J, Sova P, Möller T, Pesonen S, Hemminki A, Hamerlik P, Drescher C, Urban N, Bartek J, Lieber A. Analysis of epithelial and mesenchymal markers in ovarian cancer reveals phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16186. [PMID: 21264259 PMCID: PMC3021543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In our studies of ovarian cancer cells we have identified subpopulations of cells that are in a transitory E/M hybrid stage, i.e. cells that simultaneously express epithelial and mesenchymal markers. E/M cells are not homogenous but, in vitro and in vivo, contain subsets that can be distinguished based on a number of phenotypic features, including the subcellular localization of E-cadherin, and the expression levels of Tie2, CD133, and CD44. A cellular subset (E/M-MP) (membrane E-cadherin(low)/cytoplasmic E-cadherin(high)/CD133(high), CD44(high), Tie2(low)) is highly enriched for tumor-forming cells and displays features which are generally associated with cancer stem cells. Our data suggest that E/M-MP cells are able to differentiate into different lineages under certain conditions, and have the capacity for self-renewal, i.e. to maintain a subset of undifferentiated E/M-MP cells during differentiation. Trans-differentiation of E/M-MP cells into mesenchymal or epithelial cells is associated with a loss of stem cell markers and tumorigenicity. In vivo xenograft tumor growth is driven by E/M-MP cells, which give rise to epithelial ovarian cancer cells. In contrast, in vitro, we found that E/M-MP cells differentiate into mesenchymal cells, in a process that involves pathways associated with an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We also detected phenotypic plasticity that was dependent on external factors such as stress created by starvation or contact with either epithelial or mesenchymal cells in co-cultures. Our study provides a better understanding of the phenotypic complexity of ovarian cancer and has implications for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Strauss
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Danish Cancer Society, Department of Cell Cycle and Cancer, Center for Genotoxic Stress Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zong-Yi Li
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ying Liu
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ines Beyer
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonas Persson
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pavel Sova
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas Möller
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sari Pesonen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Danish Cancer Society, Department of Cell Cycle and Cancer, Center for Genotoxic Stress Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Charles Drescher
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nicole Urban
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society, Department of Cell Cycle and Cancer, Center for Genotoxic Stress Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Genomic Integrity and Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - André Lieber
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Alcantara Llaguno SR, Chen Y, McKay RM, Parada LF. Stem Cells in Brain Tumor Development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2011; 94:15-44. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380916-2.00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Frosina G. Frontiers in targeting glioma stem cells. Eur J Cancer 2010; 47:496-507. [PMID: 21185169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM - WHO grade IV) seldom recover. This is due to the infiltrative nature of these tumours and the presence of cellular populations with ability to escape therapies and drive tumour recurrence and progression. In some cases, these resistant cells exhibit stem properties [glioma stem cells (GSC)]. This article aims at discussing relevant issues on GSC resistance to current therapies and outlines possible and promising avenues in regard to novel therapeutic strategies, such as pharmacological, immunological and viral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Frosina
- Molecular Mutagenesis and DNA Repair Unit, Istituto Nazionale Ricerca Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi n. 10, Genoa, Italy.
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32
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Liu D, Martin V, Fueyo J, Lee OH, Xu J, Cortes-Santiago N, Alonso MM, Aldape K, Colman H, Gomez-Manzano C. Tie2/TEK modulates the interaction of glioma and brain tumor stem cells with endothelial cells and promotes an invasive phenotype. Oncotarget 2010; 1:700-709. [PMID: 21321379 PMCID: PMC3100177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the prototype of highly infiltrative tumors and this characteristic is the main factor for the inevitable tumor recurrence and short survival after most aggressive therapies. The aberrant communication between glioma cells and tumor microenvironment represents one of the major factors regulating brain tumor dispersal. Our group has previously reported that the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie2/TEK is expressed in glioma cells and brain tumor stem cells and is associated with the malignant progression of these tumors. In this study, we sought to determine whether the angiopoietin 1 (Ang1)/Tie2 axis regulates crosstalk between glioma cells and endothelial cells. We found that Ang1 enhanced the adhesion of Tie2-expressing glioma and brain tumor stem cells to endothelial cells. Conversely, specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of Tie2 expression inhibited the adhesion capability of glioma cells. Tie2 activation induced integrin β1 and N-cadherin upregulation, and neutralizing antibodies against these molecules inhibited the adhesion of Tie2-positive glioma cells to endothelial cells. In 2D and 3D cultures, we observed that Ang1/Tie2 axis activation was related to increased glioma cell invasion, which was inhibited by using Tie2 siRNA. Importantly, intracranial co-implantation of Tie2-positive glioma cells and endothelial cells in a mouse model resulted in diffusely invasive tumors with cell clusters surrounding glomeruloid vessels mimicking a tumoral niche distribution. Collectively, our results provide new information about the Tie2 signaling in glioma cells that regulates the cross-talk between glioma cells and tumor microenvironment, envisioning Tie2 as a multi-compartmental target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vanesa Martin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juan Fueyo
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ok-Hee Lee
- Severance Hospital Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nahir Cortes-Santiago
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marta M. Alonso
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Howard Colman
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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33
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Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Yung WKA. Advances in translational research in neuro-oncology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 68:303-8. [PMID: 21059986 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, we have witnessed several key advances in the field of neuro-oncology. First, there were conceptual advances in the molecular and cell biology of malignant gliomas including the discovery in 2004 of brain tumor stem cells. Second, the Cancer Genome Atlas project has been extremely useful in the discovery of new molecular markers, including mutations in the IDH1 gene, and has led to a new classification of gliomas based on the differentiation status and mesenchymal transformation. In addition, use of the 1p/19q marker and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase methylation status have been identified as guides for patient selection for therapies and represent the first steps toward personalized medicine for treating gliomas. Finally, progress has been made in treatment strategies including the establishment of temozolomide as the criterion standard for treating gliomas, the adoption of bevacizumab in the clinical setting, and developments in experimental biological therapies including cancer vaccines and oncolytic adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fueyo
- Department of Neuro-oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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34
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Nilsson CL, Dillon R, Devakumar A, Shi SDH, Greig M, Rogers JC, Krastins B, Rosenblatt M, Kilmer G, Major M, Kaboord BJ, Sarracino D, Rezai T, Prakash A, Lopez M, Ji Y, Priebe W, Lang FF, Colman H, Conrad CA. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of the STAT3/IL-6/HIF1alpha signaling network: an initial study in GSC11 glioblastoma stem cells. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:430-43. [PMID: 19899826 DOI: 10.1021/pr9007927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Initiation and maintenance of several cancers including glioblastoma (GBM) may be driven by a small subset of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs may provide a repository of cells in tumor cell populations that are refractory to chemotherapeutic agents developed for the treatment of tumors. STAT3 is a key transcription factor associated with regulation of multiple stem cell types. Recently, a novel autocrine loop (IL-6/STAT3/HIF1alpha) has been observed in multiple tumor types (pancreatic, prostate, lung, and colon). The objective of this study was to probe perturbations of this loop in a glioblastoma cancer stem cell line (GSC11) derived from a human tumor by use of a JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor (WP1193), IL-6 stimulation, and hypoxia. A quantitative phosphoproteomic approach that employed phosphoprotein enrichment, chemical tagging with isobaric tags, phosphopeptide enrichment, and tandem mass spectrometry in a high-resolution instrument was applied. A total of 3414 proteins were identified in this study. A rapid Western blotting technique (<1 h) was used to confirm alterations in key protein expression and phosphorylation levels observed in the mass spectrometric experiments. About 10% of the phosphoproteins were linked to the IL-6 pathway, and the majority of remaining proteins could be assigned to other interlinked networks. By multiple comparisons between the sample conditions, we observed expected changes and gained novel insights into the contribution of each factor to the IL6/STAT3/HIF1alpha autocrine loop and the CSC response to perturbations by hypoxia, inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation, and IL-6 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol L Nilsson
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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35
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Abstract
The isolation and identification of stem-like cells in solid tumors or cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been exciting developments of the last decade, although these rare populations had been earlier identified in leukemia. CSC biology necessitates a detailed delineation of normal stem cell functioning and maintenance of homeostasis within the organ. Ovarian CSC biology has unfortunately not benefited from a pre-established knowledge of stem cell lineage demarcation and functioning in the normal organ. In the absence of such information, some of the classical parameters such as long-term culture-initiating assays to isolate stem cell clones from tumors, screening and evaluation of other epithelial stem cell surface markers, dye efflux, and label retention have been applied toward the putative isolation of CSCs from ovarian tumors. The present review presents an outline of the various approaches developed so far and the various perspectives revealed that are now required to be dealt with toward better disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila A Bapat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India.
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