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Chen T, Li S, Wang L. Semaphorins in tumor microenvironment: Biological mechanisms and therapeutic progress. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112035. [PMID: 38603857 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Hallmark features of the tumor microenvironment include immune cells, stromal cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix (ECM), providing a conducive environment for the growth and survival of tumors. Recent advances in the understanding of cancer biology have highlighted the functional role of semaphorins (SEMAs). SEMAs are a large and diverse family of widely expressed secreted and membrane-binding proteins, which were initially implicated in axon guidance and neural development. However, it is now clear that they are widely expressed beyond the nervous system and participate in regulating immune responses and cancer progression. In fact, accumulating evidence disclosed that different SEMAs can either stimulate or restrict tumor progression, some of which act as important regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Conversely, limited information is known about the functional relevance of SEMA signals in TME. In this setting, we systematically elaborate the role SEMAs and their major receptors played in characterized components of TME. Furthermore, we provide a convergent view of current SEMAs pharmacological progress in clinical treatment and also put forward their potential application value and clinical prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Shazhou Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Lufang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China.
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2
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Sajadian M, Khademi B, Moinzadeh L, Ghaderi A, Jafarzadeh A, Razmkhah M. Modulation of semaphorin 3C & 4D expression in cancerous tissues from individuals with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Indian J Med Res 2023; 158:432-438. [PMID: 38006346 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3148_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES Semaphorins were initially characterized as axon guidance factors but were subsequently implicated in the regulation of immune responses, angiogenesis, organ formation and a variety of other physiological and developmental functions. Various semaphorins enhance or inhibit tumour progression through different mechanisms. The objective of this study was to assess the expression of various semaphorins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transcripts as well as the serum level of Sema3A in individuals with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). METHODS Tissue expression of Sema3A, Sema3C, Sema4D, Sema6D and VEGF was determined in both tumour tissues and tissues around the tumour from 30 individuals with pathologically confirmed LSCC using quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, the serum level of Sema3A in these individuals was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Sema3C gene transcript showed a significant increase (P=0.001), while Sema4D was observed with a significant decrease in tumour samples compared to non-tumoural tissues (P≤0.01). The expression of the Sema3C gene was found to be associated with the stage of LSCC tumour as it was statistically significant for tumours with stage IV (P<0.01). The serum level of Sema3A was not found to be significant between cases and controls. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of Sema3C but decreased expression of Sema4D in tumour tissue of LSCC may introduce these two growth factors as crucial mediators orchestrating tumour growth in individuals with LSCC. This result could open a new vision for the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Sajadian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bijan Khademi
- Research Center of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Moinzadeh
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Hastings MH, Brancaccio M, Gonzalez-Aponte MF, Herzog ED. Circadian Rhythms and Astrocytes: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Annu Rev Neurosci 2023; 46:123-143. [PMID: 36854316 PMCID: PMC10381027 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100322-112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the interface between circadian timekeeping and the regulation of brain function by astrocytes. Although astrocytes regulate neuronal activity across many time domains, their cell-autonomous circadian clocks exert a particular role in controlling longer-term oscillations of brain function: the maintenance of sleep states and the circadian ordering of sleep and wakefulness. This is most evident in the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, where the molecular clock of astrocytes suffices to drive daily cycles of neuronal activity and behavior. In Alzheimer's disease, sleep impairments accompany cognitive decline. In mouse models of the disease, circadian disturbances accelerate astroglial activation and other brain pathologies, suggesting that daily functions in astrocytes protect neuronal homeostasis. In brain cancer, treatment in the morning has been associated with prolonged survival, and gliomas have daily rhythms in gene expression and drug sensitivity. Thus, circadian time is fast becoming critical to elucidating reciprocal astrocytic-neuronal interactions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Hastings
- Division of Neurobiology, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
| | - Marco Brancaccio
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria F Gonzalez-Aponte
- Department of Biology, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Erik D Herzog
- Department of Biology, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Bradu P, Biswas A, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, El Allali A, Alsamman AM, Zayed H, George Priya Doss C. Evolving strategies and application of proteins and peptide therapeutics in cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114832. [PMID: 37150032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several proteins and peptides have therapeutic potential and can be used for cancer therapy. By binding to cell surface receptors and other indicators uniquely linked with or overexpressed on tumors compared to healthy tissue, protein biologics enhance the active targeting of cancer cells, as opposed to the passive targeting of cells by conventional small-molecule chemotherapeutics. This study focuses on peptide medications that exist to slow or stop tumor growth and the spread of cancer, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of peptides in cancer treatment. As an alternative to standard chemotherapy, peptides that selectively kill cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue are developing. A mountain of clinical evidence supports the efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Since a single treatment technique may not be sufficient to produce favourable results in the fight against cancer, combination therapy is emerging as an effective option to generate synergistic benefits. One example of this new area is the use of anticancer peptides in combination with nonpeptidic cytotoxic drugs or the combination of immunotherapy with conventional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy. This review focuses on the different natural and synthetic peptides obtained and researched. Discoveries, manufacture, and modifications of peptide drugs, as well as their contemporary applications, are summarized in this review. We also discuss the benefits and difficulties of potential advances in therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Pragya Bradu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Antara Biswas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Achraf El Allali
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Alsamman M Alsamman
- Department of Genome Mapping, Molecular Genetics, and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dlamini Z, Khanyile R, Molefi T, Damane BP, Bates DO, Hull R. Genomic Interplay between Neoneurogenesis and Neoangiogenesis in Carcinogenesis: Therapeutic Interventions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061805. [PMID: 36980690 PMCID: PMC10046518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the generation of new blood vessels, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The growing tumor requires nutrients and oxygen. Recent evidence has shown that tumors release signals to attract new nerve fibers and stimulate the growth of new nerve fibers. Neurogenesis, neural extension, and axonogenesis assist in the migration of cancer cells. Cancer cells can use both blood vessels and nerve fibers as routes for cells to move along. In this way, neurogenesis and angiogenesis both contribute to cancer metastasis. As a result, tumor-induced neurogenesis joins angiogenesis and immunosuppression as aberrant processes that are exacerbated within the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between these processes contributes to cancer development and progression. The interplay between these systems is brought about by cytokines, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators, which activate signaling pathways that are common to angiogenesis and the nervous tissue. These include the AKT signaling pathways, the MAPK pathway, and the Ras signaling pathway. These processes also both require the remodeling of tissues. The interplay of these processes in cancer provides the opportunity to develop novel therapies that can be used to target these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (R.H.)
| | - Richard Khanyile
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Thulo Molefi
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - David Owen Bates
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (R.H.)
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The Semaphorin 3A-AKT axis-mediated cell proliferation in salivary gland morphogenesis and adenoid cystic carcinoma pathogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:153991. [PMID: 35759940 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that Semaphorin 3 A (Sema3A), the expression of which is negatively regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling, promotes odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation, suggesting the involvement of Sema3A in tooth germ development. Salivary glands have a similar developmental process to tooth germ development, in which reciprocal interactions between the oral epithelium and adjacent mesenchyme proceeds via stimulation with several growth factors; however, the role of Sema3A in the development of salivary glands is unknown. There may thus be a common mechanism between epithelial morphogenesis and pathogenesis; however, the role of Sema3A in salivary gland tumors is also unclear. The current study investigated the involvement of Sema3A in submandibular gland (SMG) development and its expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) specimens. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Sema3A was expressed both in epithelium and in mesenchyme in the initial developmental stages of SMG and their expressions were decreased during the developmental processes. Loss-of-function experiments using an inhibitor revealed that Sema3A was required for AKT activation-mediated cellular growth and formation of cleft and bud in SMG rudiment culture. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin signaling decreased the Sema3A expression in the rudiment culture. ACC arising from salivary glands frequently exhibits malignant potential. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from 10 ACC patients showed that Sema3A was hardly observed in non-tumor regions but was strongly expressed in tumor lesions, especially in myoepithelial neoplastic cells, at high frequencies where phosphorylated AKT expression was frequently detected. These results suggest that the Sema3A-AKT axis promotes cell growth, thereby contributing to morphogenesis and pathogenesis, at least in ACC, of salivary glands.
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Gouirand V, Gicquel T, Lien EC, Jaune‐Pons E, Da Costa Q, Finetti P, Metay E, Duluc C, Mayers JR, Audebert S, Camoin L, Borge L, Rubis M, Leca J, Nigri J, Bertucci F, Dusetti N, Lucio Iovanna J, Tomasini R, Bidaut G, Guillaumond F, Vander Heiden MG, Vasseur S. Ketogenic HMG-CoA lyase and its product β-hydroxybutyrate promote pancreatic cancer progression. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110466. [PMID: 35307861 PMCID: PMC9058543 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) tumor cells are deprived of oxygen and nutrients and therefore must adapt their metabolism to ensure proliferation. In some physiological states, cells rely on ketone bodies to satisfy their metabolic needs, especially during nutrient stress. Here, we show that PDA cells can activate ketone body metabolism and that β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) is an alternative cell-intrinsic or systemic fuel that can promote PDA growth and progression. PDA cells activate enzymes required for ketogenesis, utilizing various nutrients as carbon sources for ketone body formation. By assessing metabolic gene expression from spontaneously arising PDA tumors in mice, we find HMG-CoA lyase (HMGCL), involved in ketogenesis, to be among the most deregulated metabolic enzymes in PDA compared to normal pancreas. In vitro depletion of HMGCL impedes migration, tumor cell invasiveness, and anchorage-independent tumor sphere compaction. Moreover, disrupting HMGCL drastically decreases PDA tumor growth in vivo, while βOHB stimulates metastatic dissemination to the liver. These findings suggest that βOHB increases PDA aggressiveness and identify HMGCL and ketogenesis as metabolic targets for limiting PDA progression.
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8
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Yang H, Yuan L, Ibaragi S, Li S, Shapiro R, Vanli N, Goncalves KA, Yu W, Kishikawa H, Jiang Y, Hu AJ, Jay D, Cochran B, Holland EC, Hu GF. Angiogenin and plexin-B2 axis promotes glioblastoma progression by enhancing invasion, vascular association, proliferation and survival. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:422-435. [PMID: 35418212 PMCID: PMC9345892 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenin is a multifunctional secreted ribonuclease that is upregulated in human cancers and downregulated or mutationally inactivated in neurodegenerative diseases. A role for angiogenin in glioblastoma was inferred from the inverse correlation of angiogenin expression with patient survival but had not been experimentally investigated. METHODS Angiogenin knockout mice were generated and the effect of angiogenin deficiency on glioblastoma progression was examined. Angiogenin and plexin-B2 genes were knocked down in glioblastoma cells and the changes in cell proliferation, invasion and vascular association were examined. Monoclonal antibodies of angiogenin and small molecules were used to assess the therapeutic activity of the angiogenin-plexin-B2 pathway in both genetic and xenograft animal models. RESULTS Deletion of Ang1 gene prolonged survival of PDGF-induced glioblastoma in mice in the Ink4a/Arf-/-:Pten-/- background, accompanied by decreased invasion, vascular association and proliferation. Angiogenin upregulated MMP9 and CD24 leading to enhanced invasion and vascular association. Inhibition of angiogenin or plexin-B2, either by shRNA, monoclonal antibody or small molecule inhibitor, decreases sphere formation of patient-derived glioma stem cells, reduces glioblastoma proliferation and invasion and inhibits glioblastoma growth in both genetic and xenograft animal models. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenin and its receptor, plexin-B2, are a pair of novel regulators that mediate invasion, vascular association and proliferation of glioblastoma cells. Inhibitors of the angiogenin-plexin-B2 axis have therapeutic potential against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liang Yuan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soichiro Ibaragi
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuping Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Shapiro
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nil Vanli
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin A Goncalves
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenhao Yu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroko Kishikawa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander J Hu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Jay
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent Cochran
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guo-Fu Hu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Program in Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Nervous system activity regulates development, homeostasis, and plasticity of the brain as well as other organs in the body. These mechanisms are subverted in cancer to propel malignant growth. In turn, cancers modulate neural structure and function to augment growth-promoting neural signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Approaching cancer biology from a neuroscience perspective will elucidate new therapeutic strategies for presently lethal forms of cancer. In this review, we highlight the neural signaling mechanisms recapitulated in primary brain tumors, brain metastases, and solid tumors throughout the body that regulate cancer progression. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 45 is July 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Keough
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
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Tumor Cell Infiltration into the Brain in Glioblastoma: From Mechanisms to Clinical Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020443. [PMID: 35053605 PMCID: PMC8773542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor, defined by its highly aggressive nature. Despite the advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques, and the development of novel therapies in the last decade, the prognosis for glioblastoma is still extremely poor. One major factor for the failure of existing therapeutic approaches is the highly invasive nature of glioblastomas. The extreme infiltrating capacity of tumor cells into the brain parenchyma makes complete surgical removal difficult; glioblastomas almost inevitably recur in a more therapy-resistant state, sometimes at distant sites in the brain. Therefore, there are major efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning glioblastoma invasion; however, there is no approved therapy directed against the invasive phenotype as of now. Here, we review the major molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma cell invasion, including the routes followed by glioblastoma cells, the interaction of tumor cells within the brain environment and the extracellular matrix components, and the roles of tumor cell adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling. We also include a perspective of high-throughput approaches utilized to discover novel players for invasion and clinical targeting of invasive glioblastoma cells.
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Reverdatto S, Prasad A, Belrose JL, Zhang X, Sammons MA, Gibbs KM, Szaro BG. Developmental and Injury-induced Changes in DNA Methylation in Regenerative versus Non-regenerative Regions of the Vertebrate Central Nervous System. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:2. [PMID: 34979916 PMCID: PMC8725369 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because some of its CNS neurons (e.g., retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush (ONC)) regenerate axons throughout life, whereas others (e.g., hindbrain neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI)) lose this capacity as tadpoles metamorphose into frogs, the South African claw-toed frog, Xenopus laevis, offers unique opportunities for exploring differences between regenerative and non-regenerative responses to CNS injury within the same organism. An earlier, three-way RNA-seq study (frog ONC eye, tadpole SCI hindbrain, frog SCI hindbrain) identified genes that regulate chromatin accessibility among those that were differentially expressed in regenerative vs non-regenerative CNS [11]. The current study used whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of DNA collected from these same animals at the peak period of axon regeneration to study the extent to which DNA methylation could potentially underlie differences in chromatin accessibility between regenerative and non-regenerative CNS. RESULTS Consistent with the hypothesis that DNA of regenerative CNS is more accessible than that of non-regenerative CNS, DNA from both the regenerative tadpole hindbrain and frog eye was less methylated than that of the non-regenerative frog hindbrain. Also, consistent with observations of CNS injury in mammals, DNA methylation in non-regenerative frog hindbrain decreased after SCI. However, contrary to expectations that the level of DNA methylation would decrease even further with axotomy in regenerative CNS, DNA methylation in these regions instead increased with injury. Injury-induced differences in CpG methylation in regenerative CNS became especially enriched in gene promoter regions, whereas non-CpG methylation differences were more evenly distributed across promoter regions, intergenic, and intragenic regions. In non-regenerative CNS, tissue-related (i.e., regenerative vs. non-regenerative CNS) and injury-induced decreases in promoter region CpG methylation were significantly correlated with increased RNA expression, but the injury-induced, increased CpG methylation seen in regenerative CNS across promoter regions was not, suggesting it was associated with increased rather than decreased chromatin accessibility. This hypothesis received support from observations that in regenerative CNS, many genes exhibiting increased, injury-induced, promoter-associated CpG-methylation also exhibited increased RNA expression and association with histone markers for active promoters and enhancers. DNA immunoprecipitation for 5hmC in optic nerve regeneration found that the promoter-associated increases seen in CpG methylation were distinct from those exhibiting changes in 5hmC. CONCLUSIONS Although seemingly paradoxical, the increased injury-associated DNA methylation seen in regenerative CNS has many parallels in stem cells and cancer. Thus, these axotomy-induced changes in DNA methylation in regenerative CNS provide evidence for a novel epigenetic state favoring successful over unsuccessful CNS axon regeneration. The datasets described in this study should help lay the foundations for future studies of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. The insights gained should, in turn, help point the way to novel therapeutic approaches for treating CNS injury in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Reverdatto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
- RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Aparna Prasad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
- RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Jamie L Belrose
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Morgan A Sammons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
- RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Kurt M Gibbs
- Department of Biology & Chemistry, Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, 40351, USA
| | - Ben G Szaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
- RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
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12
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Schneider M, Vollmer L, Potthoff AL, Ravi VM, Evert BO, Rahman MA, Sarowar S, Kueckelhaus J, Will P, Zurhorst D, Joseph K, Maier JP, Neidert N, d’Errico P, Meyer-Luehmann M, Hofmann UG, Dolf A, Salomoni P, Güresir E, Enger PØ, Chekenya M, Pietsch T, Schuss P, Schnell O, Westhoff MA, Beck J, Vatter H, Waha A, Herrlinger U, Heiland DH. Meclofenamate causes loss of cellular tethering and decoupling of functional networks in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1885-1897. [PMID: 33864086 PMCID: PMC8563322 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma cells assemble to a syncytial communicating network based on tumor microtubes (TMs) as ultra-long membrane protrusions. The relationship between network architecture and transcriptional profile remains poorly investigated. Drugs that interfere with this syncytial connectivity such as meclofenamate (MFA) may be highly attractive for glioblastoma therapy. METHODS In a human neocortical slice model using glioblastoma cell populations of different transcriptional signatures, three-dimensional tumor networks were reconstructed, and TM-based intercellular connectivity was mapped on the basis of two-photon imaging data. MFA was used to modulate morphological and functional connectivity; downstream effects of MFA treatment were investigated by RNA sequencing and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. RESULTS TM-based network morphology strongly differed between the transcriptional cellular subtypes of glioblastoma and was dependent on axon guidance molecule expression. MFA revealed both a functional and morphological demolishment of glioblastoma network architectures which was reflected by a reduction of TM-mediated intercellular cytosolic traffic as well as a breakdown of TM length. RNA sequencing confirmed a downregulation of NCAM and axon guidance molecule signaling upon MFA treatment. Loss of glioblastoma communicating networks was accompanied by a failure in the upregulation of genes that are required for DNA repair in response to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment and culminated in profound treatment response to TMZ-mediated toxicity. CONCLUSION The capacity of TM formation reflects transcriptional cellular heterogeneity. MFA effectively demolishes functional and morphological TM-based syncytial network architectures. These findings might pave the way to a clinical implementation of MFA as a TM-targeted therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Affiliation, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lea Vollmer
- Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Laura Potthoff
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Affiliation, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vidhya M Ravi
- Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Neuroelectronic Systems, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd O Evert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Shahin Sarowar
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Kueckelhaus
- Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Will
- Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Zurhorst
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kevin Joseph
- Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Neuroelectronic Systems, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian P Maier
- Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Neidert
- Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paolo d’Errico
- Department of Neurology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Meyer-Luehmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich G Hofmann
- Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dolf
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- Nuclear Function in CNS Pathophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Erdem Güresir
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Ø Enger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martha Chekenya
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Schuss
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Affiliation, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Schnell
- Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mike-Andrew Westhoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Vatter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Waha
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Affiliation, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herrlinger
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter H Heiland
- Translational NeuroOncology Research Group, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Neuroelectronic Systems, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Christie SM, Hao J, Tracy E, Buck M, Yu JS, Smith AW. Interactions between semaphorins and plexin-neuropilin receptor complexes in the membranes of live cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100965. [PMID: 34270956 PMCID: PMC8350011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling of semaphorin ligands via their plexin-neuropilin receptors is involved in tissue patterning in the developing embryo. These proteins play roles in cell migration and adhesion but are also important in disease etiology, including in cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. While some structures of the soluble domains of these receptors have been determined, the conformations of the full-length receptor complexes are just beginning to be elucidated, especially within the context of the plasma membrane. Pulsed-interleaved excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy allows direct insight into the formation of protein-protein interactions in the membranes of live cells. Here, we investigated the homodimerization of neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), plexin A2, plexin A4, and plexin D1 using pulsed-interleaved excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. Consistent with previous studies, we found that Nrp1, plexin A2, and plexin A4 are present as dimers in the absence of exogenous ligand. Plexin D1, on the other hand, was monomeric under similar conditions, which had not been previously reported. We also found that plexin A2 and A4 assemble into a heteromeric complex. Stimulation with semaphorin 3A or semaphorin 3C neither disrupts nor enhances the dimerization of the receptors when expressed alone, suggesting that activation involves a conformational change rather than a shift in the monomer-dimer equilibrium. However, upon stimulation with semaphorin 3C, plexin D1 and Nrp1 form a heteromeric complex. This analysis of interactions provides a complementary approach to the existing structural and biochemical data that will aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies to target these receptors in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin Tracy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthias Buck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.
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14
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Kripnerová M, Parmar HS, Šána J, Kopková A, Radová L, Sopper S, Biernacki K, Jedlička J, Kohoutová M, Kuncová J, Peychl J, Rudolf E, Červinka M, Houdek Z, Dvořák P, Houfková K, Pešta M, Tůma Z, Dolejšová M, Tichánek F, Babuška V, Leba M, Slabý O, Hatina J. Complex Interplay of Genes Underlies Invasiveness in Fibrosarcoma Progression Model. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112297. [PMID: 34070472 PMCID: PMC8197499 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumours, with a great variability in their clinical behaviour. While our knowledge of sarcoma initiation has advanced rapidly in recent years, relatively little is known about mechanisms of sarcoma progression. JUN-murine fibrosarcoma progression series consists of four sarcoma cell lines, JUN-1, JUN-2, JUN-2fos-3, and JUN-3. JUN-1 and -2 were established from a single tumour initiated in a H2K/v-jun transgenic mouse, JUN-3 originates from a different tumour in the same animal, and JUN-2fos-3 results from a targeted in vitro transformation of the JUN-2 cell line. The JUN-1, -2, and -3 cell lines represent a linear progression from the least transformed JUN-2 to the most transformed JUN-3, with regard to all the transformation characteristics studied, while the JUN-2fos-3 cell line exhibits a unique transformation mode, with little deregulation of cell growth and proliferation, but pronounced motility and invasiveness. The invasive sarcoma sublines JUN-2fos-3 and JUN-3 show complex metabolic profiles, with activation of both mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis and a significant increase in spared respiratory capacity. The specific transcriptomic profile of invasive sublines features very complex biological relationships across the identified genes and proteins, with accentuated autocrine control of motility and angiogenesis. Pharmacologic inhibition of one of the autocrine motility factors identified, Ccl8, significantly diminished both motility and invasiveness of the highly transformed fibrosarcoma cell. This progression series could be greatly valuable for deciphering crucial aspects of sarcoma progression and defining new prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kripnerová
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Hamendra Singh Parmar
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šána
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kopková
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Krzysztof Biernacki
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jan Jedlička
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kohoutová
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kuncová
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Peychl
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Červinka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Houdek
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dvořák
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Houfková
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pešta
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Tůma
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Dolejšová
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tichánek
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Babuška
- Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 301 66 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Leba
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, 301 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slabý
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hatina
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
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15
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Jin Q, Ren Q, Chang X, Yu H, Jin X, Lu X, He N, Wang G. Neuropilin-1 predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumor metastasis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:3648-3659. [PMID: 33995640 PMCID: PMC8120182 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) promotes gastric cancer (GC) metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and to clarify its regulatory mechanism. Using the data of GC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, combined with the data of GC patients in our medical center, the effect of NRP1 on the prognosis of GC patients were analyzed. Then, we investigated the role of NRP1 in GC metastasis and its potential mechanism. The level of NRP1 was up-regulated in GC tissues and associated with poor prognosis of GC patients. The expression of NRP1 was closely related to maximum tumor diameter, invasion depth, lymphnode metastasis, distant metastasis, and advanced TNM stage, and was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in GC patients. Besides, the results of in vitro indicated that NRP1 could induce EMT to promote the migration and invasion of GC cells by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the HGF/c-Met axis was involved in this process. This study determined that NRP1 was a gene that promotes gastric cancer. NRP1 induced EMT to enhance the migration and invasion ability of GC cells by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. NRP1 was an independent prognostic marker for OS in GC patients and expected to be a therapeutic target for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianna Jin
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging
| | - Qianqian Ren
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging
| | - Xiaona Chang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Haixing Yu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Nan He
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 JieFang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
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16
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Ludwig BS, Kessler H, Kossatz S, Reuning U. RGD-Binding Integrins Revisited: How Recently Discovered Functions and Novel Synthetic Ligands (Re-)Shape an Ever-Evolving Field. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1711. [PMID: 33916607 PMCID: PMC8038522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins have been extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, which has been inspired by their multiple functions in cancer progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as a continuously expanding number of other diseases, e.g., sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections, possibly also Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although integrin-targeted (cancer) therapy trials did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins are still valid and promising targets due to their elevated expression and surface accessibility on diseased cells. Thus, for the future successful clinical translation of integrin-targeted compounds, revisited and innovative treatment strategies have to be explored based on accumulated knowledge of integrin biology. For this, refined approaches are demanded aiming at alternative and improved preclinical models, optimized selectivity and pharmacological properties of integrin ligands, as well as more sophisticated treatment protocols considering dose fine-tuning of compounds. Moreover, integrin ligands exert high accuracy in disease monitoring as diagnostic molecular imaging tools, enabling patient selection for individualized integrin-targeted therapy. The present review comprehensively analyzes the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of RGD-binding integrin subtypes in cancer and non-cancerous diseases and outlines the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands and their application in biomedical, translational, and molecular imaging approaches. Indeed, substantial progress has already been made, including advanced ligand designs, numerous elaborated pre-clinical and first-in-human studies, while the discovery of novel applications for integrin ligands remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice S. Ludwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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17
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Higgins DMO, Caliva M, Schroeder M, Carlson B, Upadhyayula PS, Milligan BD, Cheshier SH, Weissman IL, Sarkaria JN, Meyer FB, Henley JR. Semaphorin 3A mediated brain tumor stem cell proliferation and invasion in EGFRviii mutant gliomas. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1213. [PMID: 33302912 PMCID: PMC7727139 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of approximately 15 months. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), known for its axon guidance and antiangiogenic properties, has been implicated in GBM growth. We hypothesized that Sema3A directly inhibits brain tumor stem cell (BTSC) proliferation and drives invasion via Neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) and Plexin A1 (PlxnA1) receptors. METHODS GBM BTSC cell lines were assayed by immunostaining and PCR for levels of Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) and its receptors Nrp1 and PlxnA1. Quantitative BrdU, cell cycle and propidium iodide labeling assays were performed following exogenous Sema3A treatment. Quantitative functional 2-D and 3-D invasion assays along with shRNA lentiviral knockdown of Nrp1 and PlxnA1 are also shown. In vivo flank studies comparing tumor growth of knockdown versus control BTSCs were performed. Statistics were performed using GraphPad Prism v7. RESULTS Immunostaining and PCR analysis revealed that BTSCs highly express Sema3A and its receptors Nrp1 and PlxnA1, with expression of Nrp1 in the CD133 positive BTSCs, and absence in differentiated tumor cells. Treatment with exogenous Sema3A in quantitative BrdU, cell cycle, and propidium iodide labeling assays demonstrated that Sema3A significantly inhibited BTSC proliferation without inducing cell death. Quantitative functional 2-D and 3-D invasion assays showed that treatment with Sema3A resulted in increased invasion. Using shRNA lentiviruses, knockdown of either NRP1 or PlxnA1 receptors abrogated Sema3A antiproliferative and pro-invasive effects. Interestingly, loss of the receptors mimicked Sema3A effects, inhibiting BTSC proliferation and driving invasion. Furthermore, in vivo studies comparing tumor growth of knockdown and control infected BTSCs implanted into the flanks of nude mice confirmed the decrease in proliferation with receptor KD. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the importance of Sema3A signaling in GBM BTSC proliferation and invasion, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique M O Higgins
- Mayo Clinic: College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Maisel Caliva
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Currently: Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Mark Schroeder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Brett Carlson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Pavan S Upadhyayula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Brian D Milligan
- Mayo Clinic: College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Currently: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Samuel H Cheshier
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Fredric B Meyer
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - John R Henley
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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18
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mTOR Modulates Intercellular Signals for Enlargement and Infiltration in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092486. [PMID: 32887296 PMCID: PMC7564864 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor. Emerging evidence indicate the multi-faceted role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in GBM growth and proliferation. In fact, GBM-derived EVs can alter the phenotype of GBM-associated parenchymal cells; thus, promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Remarkably, among several pathways that are frequently deregulated in GBM, mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) up-regulation, and subsequent autophagy (ATG) depression are considered hallmarks of GBM. In fact, mTOR-dependent ATG inhibition strongly correlates with the presence of EVs, which in turn promotes glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs) self-renewal, proliferation, and infiltration. ATG and exosome release are reciprocally regulated. In detail, a failure in ATG enhances exosomal release. Therefore, strategies aimed at targeting on mTOR-dependent extracellular vesicles could be a promising approach for GBM prevention and treatment. Abstract Recently, exosomal release has been related to the acquisition of a malignant phenotype in glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs). Remarkably, intriguing reports demonstrate that GSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumorigenesis via multiple pathways by regulating tumor growth, infiltration, and immune invasion. In fact, GSCs release tumor-promoting macrovesicles that can disseminate as paracrine factors to induce phenotypic alterations in glioma-associated parenchymal cells. In this way, GBM can actively recruit different stromal cells, which, in turn, may participate in tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling and, thus, alter tumor progression. Vice versa, parenchymal cells can transfer their protein and genetic contents to GSCs by EVs; thus, promoting GSCs tumorigenicity. Moreover, GBM was shown to hijack EV-mediated cell-to-cell communication for self-maintenance. The present review examines the role of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in altering EVs/exosome-based cell-to-cell communication, thus modulating GBM infiltration and volume growth. In fact, exosomes have been implicated in GSC niche maintenance trough the modulation of GSCs stem cell-like properties, thus, affecting GBM infiltration and relapse. The present manuscript will focus on how EVs, and mostly exosomes, may act on GSCs and neighbor non tumorigenic stromal cells to modify their expression and translational profile, while making the TME surrounding the GSC niche more favorable for GBM growth and infiltration. Novel insights into the mTOR-dependent mechanisms regulating EV-mediated intercellular communication within GBM TME hold promising directions for future therapeutic applications.
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Imoto T, Kondo S, Wakisaka N, Hai PT, Seishima N, Kano M, Ueno T, Mizokami H, Nakanishi Y, Hatano M, Endo K, Sugimoto H, Moriyama-Kita M, Yoshizaki T. Overexpression of Semaphorin 3A is a Marker Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030423. [PMID: 32192122 PMCID: PMC7143379 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins were discovered as guidance signals that mediate neural development. Recent studies suggest that semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), a member of the semaphorin family, is involved in the development of several cancers. This study aimed to analyze the association of Sema3A with the clinical features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), an Epstein–Barr virus-associated carcinoma, and the Epstein–Barr virus primary oncogene latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). The expression of Sema3A and LMP1 was immunohistochemically examined in the 35 NPC specimens. The mean expression scores for Sema3A and LMP1 were 20.8% ± 14.5% and 13.9% ± 14.8%, respectively. The expression of Sema3A significantly correlated with that of LMP1 (r = 0.41, p = 0.014). In addition, the Sema3A high cohort showed significantly poorer prognosis than the Sema3A low cohort. Sema3A expression was higher in the LMP1-positive KH-1 and KR-4 cell lines compared to the LMP1-negative HeLa cells. Overexpression of LMP1 in the LMP1-negative AdAH cell line upregulated Sema3A expression, both at the transcriptional and translational level. Finally, Sema3A expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with NPC. Our data suggest that LMP1 induces the expression of Sema3A, which may promote tumor progression in NPC.
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Shin K, Shin H, Cho HJ, Kang H, Lee JK, Seo YJ, Shin YJ, Kim D, Koo H, Kong DS, Seol HJ, Lee JI, Lee HW, Nam DH. Sphere-Forming Culture for Expanding Genetically Distinct Patient-Derived Glioma Stem Cells by Cellular Growth Rate Screening. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030549. [PMID: 32120790 PMCID: PMC7139415 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusely infiltrating gliomas (DIGs) are difficult to completely resect and are associated with a high rate of tumor relapse and progression from low- to high-grade glioma. In particular, optimized short-term culture-enriching patient-derived glioma stem cells (GSCs) are essential for customizing the therapeutic strategy based on clinically feasible in vitro drug screening for a wide range of DIGs, owing to the high inter-tumoral heterogeneity. Herein, we constructed a novel high-throughput culture condition screening platform called ‘GFSCAN’, which evaluated the cellular growth rates of GSCs for each DIG sample in 132 serum-free combinations, using 13 previously reported growth factors closely associated with glioma aggressiveness. In total, 72 patient-derived GSCs with available genomic profiles were tested in GFSCAN to explore the association between cellular growth rates in specific growth factor combinations and genomic/molecular backgrounds, including isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation, chromosome arm 1p and 19q co-deletion, ATRX chromatin remodeler alteration, and transcriptional subtype. GSCs were clustered according to the dependency on epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (E&F), and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) wild-type GSCs showed higher E&F dependencies than IDH1 mutant GSCs. More importantly, we elucidated optimal combinations for IDH1 mutant glioblastoma and lower grade glioma GSCs with low dependencies on E&F, which could be an aid in clinical decision-making for these DIGs. Thus, we demonstrated the utility of GFSCAN in personalizing in vitro cultivation to nominate personalized therapeutic options, in a clinically relevant time frame, for individual DIG patients, where standard clinical options have been exhausted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Shin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06531, Korea; (K.S.); (H.K.)
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Hyemi Shin
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
- Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
- Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyunju Kang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (H.K.); (J.-K.L.)
| | - Jin-Ku Lee
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (H.K.); (J.-K.L.)
| | - Yun Jee Seo
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Yong Jae Shin
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Donggeon Kim
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Harim Koo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06531, Korea; (K.S.); (H.K.)
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Doo-Sik Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06531, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (H.J.S.); (J.-I.L.)
| | - Ho Jun Seol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06531, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (H.J.S.); (J.-I.L.)
| | - Jung-Il Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06531, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (H.J.S.); (J.-I.L.)
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.L.); (D.-H.N.); Tel.: +82-31-5189-8531 (H.W.L.); +82-2-2148-3497 (D.-H.N.); Fax: +82-2-2148-9829 (H.W.L.); +82-2-2149-9829 (D.-H.N.)
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06531, Korea; (K.S.); (H.K.)
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (H.S.); (H.J.C.); (Y.J.S.); (Y.J.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06531, Korea; (D.-S.K.); (H.J.S.); (J.-I.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.L.); (D.-H.N.); Tel.: +82-31-5189-8531 (H.W.L.); +82-2-2148-3497 (D.-H.N.); Fax: +82-2-2148-9829 (H.W.L.); +82-2-2149-9829 (D.-H.N.)
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Li S, Goncalves KA, Lyu B, Yuan L, Hu GF. Chemosensitization of prostate cancer stem cells in mice by angiogenin and plexin-B2 inhibitors. Commun Biol 2020; 3:26. [PMID: 31942000 PMCID: PMC6962460 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are an obstacle in cancer therapy and are a major cause of drug resistance, cancer recurrence, and metastasis. Available treatments, targeting proliferating cancer cells, are not effective in eliminating quiescent CSCs. Identification of CSC regulators will help design therapeutic strategies to sensitize drug-resistant CSCs for chemo-eradication. Here, we show that angiogenin and plexin-B2 regulate the stemness of prostate CSCs, and that inhibitors of angiogenin/plexin-B2 sensitize prostate CSCs to chemotherapy. Prostate CSCs capable of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumor initiation with a single cell inoculation were identified and shown to be regulated by angiogenin/plexin-B2 that promotes quiescence and self-renewal through 5S ribosomal RNA processing and generation of the bioactive 3′-end fragments of 5S ribosomal RNA, which suppress protein translation and restrict cell cycling. Monoclonal antibodies of angiogenin and plexin-B2 decrease the stemness of prostate CSCs and sensitize them to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. Shuping Li et al. show that angiogenin and its receptor plexin-B2 regulate the stemness of prostate cancer stem cells. Monoclonal antibodies of angiogenin and plexin-B2 sensitize prostate cancer stem cells to chemotherapy, highlighting the targeting potential of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin A Goncalves
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Baiqing Lyu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liang Yuan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guo-Fu Hu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Identification of SERPINE1 as a Regulator of Glioblastoma Cell Dispersal with Transcriptome Profiling. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111651. [PMID: 31731490 PMCID: PMC6896086 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High mortality rates of glioblastoma (GBM) patients are partly attributed to the invasive behavior of tumor cells that exhibit extensive infiltration into adjacent brain tissue, leading to rapid, inevitable, and therapy-resistant recurrence. In this study, we analyzed transcriptome of motile (dispersive) and non-motile (core) GBM cells using an in vitro spheroid dispersal model and identified SERPINE1 as a modulator of GBM cell dispersal. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of SERPINE1 reduced spheroid dispersal and cell adhesion by regulating cell-substrate adhesion. We examined TGFβ as a potential upstream regulator of SERPINE1 expression. We also assessed the significance of SERPINE1 in GBM growth and invasion using TCGA glioma datasets and a patient-derived orthotopic GBM model. SERPINE1 expression was associated with poor prognosis and mesenchymal GBM in patients. SERPINE1 knock-down in primary GBM cells suppressed tumor growth and invasiveness in the brain. Together, our results indicate that SERPINE1 is a key player in GBM dispersal and provide insights for future anti-invasive therapy design.
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Zarco N, Norton E, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cázares H. Overlapping migratory mechanisms between neural progenitor cells and brain tumor stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3553-3570. [PMID: 31101934 PMCID: PMC6698208 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells present in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest neurogenic niche of the mammalian brain, are able to self-renew as well as generate neural progenitor cells (NPCs). NPCs are highly migratory and traverse the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they terminally differentiate into mature interneurons. NPCs from the SVZ are some of the few cells in the CNS that migrate long distances during adulthood. The migratory process of NPCs is highly regulated by intracellular pathway activation and signaling from the surrounding microenvironment. It involves modulation of cell volume, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and isolation from compact extracellular matrix. In malignant brain tumors including high-grade gliomas, there are cells called brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) with similar stem cell characteristics to NPCs but with uncontrolled cell proliferation and contribute to tumor initiation capacity, tumor progression, invasion, and tumor maintenance. These BTSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and their presence is believed to lead to tumor recurrence at distal sites from the original tumor location, principally due to their high migratory capacity. BTSCs are able to invade the brain parenchyma by utilizing many of the migratory mechanisms used by NPCs. However, they have an increased ability to infiltrate the tight brain parenchyma and utilize brain structures such as myelin tracts and blood vessels as migratory paths. In this article, we summarize recent findings on the mechanisms of cellular migration that overlap between NPCs and BTSCs. A better understanding of the intersection between NPCs and BTSCs will to provide a better comprehension of the BTSCs' invasive capacity and the molecular mechanisms that govern their migration and eventually lead to the development of new therapies to improve the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Zarco
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Emily Norton
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cázares
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Multifaceted Functional Role of Semaphorins in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092144. [PMID: 31052281 PMCID: PMC6539029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant tumor type affecting the adult central nervous system. Despite advances in therapy, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor, with a median survival of about 15 months. To date, few treatment options are available and recent trials based on the molecular targeting of some of the GBM hallmark pathways (e.g., angiogenesis) have not produced any significant improvement in overall survival. The urgent need to develop more efficacious targeted therapies has led to a better molecular characterization of GBM, revealing an emerging role of semaphorins in GBM progression. Semphorins are a wide group of membrane-bound and secreted proteins, originally identified as axon guidance cues, signaling through their receptors, neuropilins, and plexins. A number of semaphorin signals involved in the control of axonal growth and navigation during development have been found to furthermore participate in crosstalk with different dysfunctional GBM pathways, controlling tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as tumor angiogenesis or immune response. In this review, we summarize the regulatory activities mediated by semaphorins and their receptors on the oncogenic pathways implicated in GBM growth and invasive/metastatic progression.
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25
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is activated in odontomas, reduces Sema3A expression to regulate odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation and tooth germ development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4257. [PMID: 30862786 PMCID: PMC6414619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontomas, developmental anomalies of tooth germ, frequently occur in familial adenomatous polyposis patients with activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in odontomas or odontogenic cells are unclear. Herein, we investigated β-catenin expression in odontomas and functions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in tooth germ development. β-catenin frequently accumulated in nucleus and/or cellular cytoplasm of odontogenic epithelial cells in human odontoma specimens, immunohistochemically. Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibited odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation in both cell line and tooth germ development, while inducing immature epithelial bud formation. We identified Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) as a downstream molecule of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and showed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent reduction of Sema3A expression resulted in suppressed odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation. Sema3A expression is required in appropriate epithelial budding morphogenesis. These results suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling negatively regulates odontogenic epithelial cell proliferation and tooth germ development through decreased-Sema3A expression, and aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling may associate with odontoma formation.
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26
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Manipulation of cell migration by laserporation-induced local wounding. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4291. [PMID: 30862930 PMCID: PMC6414676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms employ various mechanisms to escape harm. At the cellular level, mobile cells employ movement to avoid harmful chemicals or repellents. The present study is the first to report that cells move away from the site of injury in response to local wounding. When a migrating Dictyostelium cell was locally wounded at its anterior region by laserporation, the cell retracted its anterior pseudopods, extended a new pseudopod at the posterior region, and migrated in the opposite direction with increasing velocity. When wounded in the posterior region, the cell did not change its polarity and moved away from the site of wounding. Since the cells repair wounds within a short period, we successfully manipulated cell migration by applying multiple wounds. Herein, we discussed the signals that contributed to the wound-induced escape behavior of Dictyostelium cells. Our findings provide important insights into the mechanisms by which cells establish their polarity.
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Niland S, Eble JA. Neuropilins in the Context of Tumor Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030639. [PMID: 30717262 PMCID: PMC6387129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 and Neuropilin-2 form a small family of plasma membrane spanning receptors originally identified by the binding of semaphorin and vascular endothelial growth factor. Having no cytosolic protein kinase domain, they function predominantly as co-receptors of other receptors for various ligands. As such, they critically modulate the signaling of various receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, and other molecules involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological angiogenic processes. This review highlights the diverse neuropilin ligands and interacting partners on endothelial cells, which are relevant in the context of the tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment. In addition to tumor cells, the latter contains cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. Based on the prevalent neuropilin-mediated interactions, the suitability of various neuropilin-targeted substances for influencing tumor angiogenesis as a possible building block of a tumor therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Class-3 Semaphorins and Their Receptors: Potent Multifunctional Modulators of Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030556. [PMID: 30696103 PMCID: PMC6387194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins are the products of a large gene family containing 28 genes of which 21 are found in vertebrates. Class-3 semaphorins constitute a subfamily of seven vertebrate semaphorins which differ from the other vertebrate semaphorins in that they are the only secreted semaphorins and are distinguished from other semaphorins by the presence of a basic domain at their C termini. Class-3 semaphorins were initially characterized as axon guidance factors, but have subsequently been found to regulate immune responses, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and a variety of additional physiological and developmental functions. Most class-3 semaphorins transduce their signals by binding to receptors belonging to the neuropilin family which subsequently associate with receptors of the plexin family to form functional class-3 semaphorin receptors. Recent evidence suggests that class-3 semaphorins also fulfill important regulatory roles in multiple forms of cancer. Several class-3 semaphorins function as endogenous inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis. Others were found to inhibit tumor metastasis by inhibition of tumor lymphangiogenesis, by direct effects on the behavior of tumor cells, or by modulation of immune responses. Notably, some semaphorins such as sema3C and sema3E have also been found to potentiate tumor progression using various mechanisms. This review focuses on the roles of the different class-3 semaphorins in tumor progression.
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Spinelli C, Adnani L, Choi D, Rak J. Extracellular Vesicles as Conduits of Non-Coding RNA Emission and Intercellular Transfer in Brain Tumors. Noncoding RNA 2018; 5:ncrna5010001. [PMID: 30585246 PMCID: PMC6468529 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) species have emerged in as molecular fingerprints and regulators of brain tumor pathogenesis and progression. While changes in ncRNA levels have been traditionally regarded as cell intrinsic there is mounting evidence for their extracellular and paracrine function. One of the key mechanisms that enables ncRNA to exit from cells is their selective packaging into extracellular vesicles (EVs), and trafficking in the extracellular space and biofluids. Vesicular export processes reduce intracellular levels of specific ncRNA in EV donor cells while creating a pool of EV-associated ncRNA in the extracellular space and biofluids that enables their uptake by other recipient cells; both aspects have functional consequences. Cancer cells produce several EV subtypes (exosomes, ectosomes), which differ in their ncRNA composition, properties and function. Several RNA biotypes have been identified in the cargo of brain tumor EVs, of which microRNAs are the most studied, but other species (snRNA, YRNA, tRNA, and lncRNA) are often more abundant. Of particular interest is the link between transforming oncogenes and the biogenesis, cargo, uptake and function of tumor-derived EV, including EV content of oncogenic RNA. The ncRNA repertoire of EVs isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and serum is being developed as a liquid biopsy platform in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Spinelli
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Lata Adnani
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Dongsic Choi
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Janusz Rak
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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The Sema3A receptor Plexin-A1 suppresses supernumerary axons through Rap1 GTPases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15647. [PMID: 30353093 PMCID: PMC6199275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved Rap1 GTPases perform essential functions during neuronal development. They are required for the polarity of neuronal progenitors and neurons as well as for neuronal migration in the embryonic brain. Neuronal polarization and axon formation depend on the precise temporal and spatial regulation of Rap1 activity by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPases-activating proteins (GAPs). Several Rap1 GEFs have been identified that direct the formation of axons during cortical and hippocampal development in vivo and in cultured neurons. However little is known about the GAPs that limit the activity of Rap1 GTPases during neuronal development. Here we investigate the function of Sema3A and Plexin-A1 as a regulator of Rap1 GTPases during the polarization of hippocampal neurons. Sema3A was shown to suppress axon formation when neurons are cultured on a patterned substrate. Plexin-A1 functions as the signal-transducing subunit of receptors for Sema3A and displays GAP activity for Rap1 GTPases. We show that Sema3A and Plexin-A1 suppress the formation of supernumerary axons in cultured neurons, which depends on Rap1 GTPases.
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Tome-Garcia J, Erfani P, Nudelman G, Tsankov AM, Katsyv I, Tejero R, Bin Zhang, Walsh M, Friedel RH, Zaslavsky E, Tsankova NM. Analysis of chromatin accessibility uncovers TEAD1 as a regulator of migration in human glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4020. [PMID: 30275445 PMCID: PMC6167382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic drivers of migration in glioblastoma (GBM) are poorly understood. To better capture the native molecular imprint of GBM and its developmental context, here we isolate human stem cell populations from GBM (GSC) and germinal matrix tissues and map their chromatin accessibility via ATAC-seq. We uncover two distinct regulatory GSC signatures, a developmentally shared/proliferative and a tumor-specific/migratory one in which TEAD1/4 motifs are uniquely overrepresented. Using ChIP-PCR, we validate TEAD1 trans occupancy at accessibility sites within AQP4, EGFR, and CDH4. To further characterize TEAD’s functional role in GBM, we knockout TEAD1 or TEAD4 in patient-derived GBM lines using CRISPR-Cas9. TEAD1 ablation robustly diminishes migration, both in vitro and in vivo, and alters migratory and EMT transcriptome signatures with consistent downregulation of its target AQP4. TEAD1 overexpression restores AQP4 expression, and both TEAD1 and AQP4 overexpression rescue migratory deficits in TEAD1-knockout cells, implicating a direct regulatory role for TEAD1–AQP4 in GBM migration. The intrinsic drivers of glioblastoma (GBM) migration are still poorly understood. Here the authors purify GBM stem cells (GSCs) from patients and profile chromatin accessibility in these cells, identifying TEAD1 as a regulator of migration in human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tome-Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Parsa Erfani
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Igor Katsyv
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rut Tejero
- Department of Neuroscience and The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Martin Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Roland H Friedel
- Department of Neuroscience and The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nadejda M Tsankova
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Ayanlaja AA, Zhang B, Ji G, Gao Y, Wang J, Kanwore K, Gao D. The reversible effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the human brain. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:212-222. [PMID: 30059726 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent survival factor, and a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily acting on different neuronal activities. GDNF was originally identified as a neurotrophic factor crucially involved in the survival of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway and is currently an established therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease. However, GDNF was later reported to be highly expressed in gliomas, especially in glioblastomas, and was demonstrated as a potent proliferation factor involved in the development and migration of gliomas. Here, we review our current understanding and progress made so far by researchers in our laboratories with references to relevant articles to support our discoveries. We present past and recent discoveries on the mechanisms involved in the protection of neurons by GDNF and examine its emerging roles in gliomas, as well as reasons for the abnormal expression in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Collectively, our work establishes a paradigm by which the ability of GDNF to protect dopaminergic neurons from degradation and its corresponding effects on glioma cells points to an underlying biological vulnerability in the effects of GDNF in the normal brain which can be subverted for use by cancer cells. Hence, presenting novel opportunities for intervention in glioma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Abdulrahman Ayanlaja
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baole Zhang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - GuangQuan Ji
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kouminin Kanwore
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - DianShuai Gao
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Li X, Fan S, Pan X, Xiaokaiti Y, Duan J, Shi Y, Pan Y, Tie L, Wang X, Li Y, Li X. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid impairs prostate cancer cell migration and tumor metastasis by suppressing neuropilin 1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86225-86238. [PMID: 27863391 PMCID: PMC5349909 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a major cause leading to the deaths of cancer patients. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a natural product that has been demonstrated to show therapeutic values in multiple diseases. In this study, we report that NDGA can inhibit cell migration and tumor metastasis via a novel mechanism. NDGA suppresses NRP1 function by downregulating its expression, which leads to attenuated cell motility, cell adhesion to ECM and FAK signaling in cancer cells. Moreover, due to its cross-cell type activity on NRP1 suppression, NDGA also impairs angiogenesis function of endothelial cells and fibronectin assembly by fibroblasts, both of which are critical to promote metastasis. Based on these comprehensive effects, NDGA effectively suppresses tumor metastasis in nude mice model. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying the anti-metastasis function of NDGA and indicate the potential value of NDGA in NRP1 targeting therapy for selected subtypes of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shengjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueyang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Current address: University of Minnesota, Twin cities, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yilixiati Xiaokaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianhui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yundi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Current address: University of Minnesota, Twin cities, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yuhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Vivekanandhan S, Mukhopadhyay D. Genetic status of KRAS influences Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling: An insight into Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) mediated tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 54:72-79. [PMID: 29409705 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic RAS and deregulated transforming growth factor-beta (TGF)-β signaling have been implicated in several cancers. So far, attempts to target either one of them therapeutically have been futile as both of them are involved in multiple fundamental cellular processes and the normal forms are expressed by almost all cells. Hence, their inhibition would disrupt several physiological processes. Besides, their downregulation stimulates the tumor cells to develop adaptive mechanisms and would most likely be ineffective as therapeutic targets. Furthermore, growing literature suggests that both of these signaling pathways converge to enhance tumor development. Therefore, a lot of interest has been generated to explore the areas where these pathways interface that might identify new molecules that could potentially serve as novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on such convergent signaling and cross-interaction that is mediated by neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a receptor that can interact with multiple growth factors including TGF-β for promoting tumorigenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Vivekanandhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
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35
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Caponegro MD, Miyauchi JT, Tsirka SE. Contributions of immune cell populations in the maintenance, progression, and therapeutic modalities of glioma. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 2:24-44. [PMID: 32914058 PMCID: PMC7480949 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2018.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are becoming a promising strategy for malignant disease. Selectively directing host immune responses to target cancerous tissue is a milestone of human health care. The roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems in both cancer progression and elimination are now being realized. Defining the immune cell environment and identifying the contributions of each sub-population of these cells has lead to an understanding of the immunotherapeutic processes, and demonstrated the potential of the immune system to drive cancer shrinkage and sustained immunity against disease. Poorly treated diseases, such as high-grade glioma, suffer from lack of therapeutic efficacy and rapid progression. Immunotherapeutic success in other solid malignancies, such as melanoma, now provides the principals for which this treatment paradigm can be adapted for primary brain cancers. The central nervous system is complex, and relative contributions of immune sub-populations to high grade glioma progression are not fully characterized. Here, we summarize recent research in both animal and humans which add to the knowledge base of how innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to glioma progression, and outline work which has demonstrated their potential to elicit anti-tumorigenic responses. Additionally, we highlight Neuropilin 1, a cell surface receptor protein, describe its signaling functions in the context of immunity, and point to its potential to slow glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Caponegro
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BioMedical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Tetsuo Miyauchi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BioMedical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BioMedical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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36
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Vadasz Z, Rubinstein J, Bejar J, Sheffer H, Halachmi S. Overexpression of semaphorin 3A in patients with urothelial cancer. Urol Oncol 2017; 36:161.e1-161.e6. [PMID: 29288007 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A highly sensitive and specific urine marker for the detection of recurrent urothelial cancer and for screening healthy population or people at risk for urothelial cancer has not been found yet. As urine cytology is not sensitive enough, patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer need lifelong follow-up involving multiple invasive cystoscopies. Our aims of study were to examine the expression of semaphorin 3A in urothelial cancer patients and to evaluate semaphorin 3A as a potential marker for urothelial cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urine samples were taken from patients with known bladder tumor, hospitalized for transurethral resection of lesions, from patients with history of urothelial cancer admitted for endoscopic follow up, from patients with other nonmalignant urological conditions such as prostatic hyperplasia, stress incontinence, urethral stricture, ureteral and kidney stones, and from healthy volunteers with no history of urothelial malignancy and no urological symptoms. Semaphorin 3A (sema3A) protein level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in every sample and levels were correlated with endoscopic and pathological findings. In addition, we performed immunohistochemically staining with semaphorin 3A of 15 tissue samples (various tumors and normal bladder tissues). RESULTS A total of 183 urine samples were tested. Out of them, 116 patients (mean age 70.7; 94 males and 22 females) had positive cystoscopy, and 67 (mean age 64.7; 51 males and 16 females) had negative cystoscopy. Higher sema3A values were significantly correlated (P = 0.006) with presence of urothelial cancer, as determined by positive cystoscopy or urethroscopy and pathological biopsy. Sema3A levels also showed positive correlation with the number of tumors. Sema3A levels combined with urine cytology showed much higher sensitivity compared with cytology alone (66% vs. 33%), with smaller reduction of specificity (77% vs. 90%). Immunohistochemical staining showed intense staining in high stage and grade tumors, and almost no staining in normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS Semaphorin 3A is overexpressed in urothelial cancer patients, as evidenced both in its presence in urine and in bladder tissue. Semaphorin 3A in urine is a promising potential urothelial cancer biomarker either independently or in conjunction with cytology. Further tests are needed to elucidate the sex difference in the expression of Sema3A in the urine of bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahava Vadasz
- The Department of Clinical Immunology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jacob Rubinstein
- The Department of Mathematic, Technion, Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jacob Bejar
- The Department of Pathology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hilla Sheffer
- The Department of Pathology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarel Halachmi
- The Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
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Sun J, Wei X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Lu J, Lu Y, Cui M, Zhang X, Li F. Inflammatory milieu cultivated Sema3A signaling promotes chondrocyte apoptosis in knee osteoarthritis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2891-2899. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xuelei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Zengliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Yunjiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Yandong Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Fangguo Li
- Department of Orthopaedic TraumaTianjin HospitalTianjinChina
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Lee J, Shin YJ, Lee K, Cho HJ, Sa JK, Lee SY, Kim SH, Lee J, Yoon Y, Nam DH. Anti-SEMA3A Antibody: A Novel Therapeutic Agent to Suppress Glioblastoma Tumor Growth. Cancer Res Treat 2017; 50:1009-1022. [PMID: 29129044 PMCID: PMC6056981 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma (GBM) is classified as one of the most aggressive and lethal brain tumor. Great strides have been made in understanding the genomic and molecular underpinnings of GBM, which translated into development of new therapeutic approaches to combat such deadly disease. However, there are only few therapeutic agents that can effectively inhibit GBM invasion in a clinical framework. In an effort to address such challenges, we have generated anti-SEMA3A monoclonal antibody as a potential therapeutic antibody against GBM progression. Materials and Methods We employed public glioma datasets, Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data and The Cancer Genome Atlas, to analyze SEMA3AmRNA expression in human GBM specimens. We also evaluated for protein expression level of SEMA3A via tissue microarray (TMA) analysis. Cell migration and proliferation kinetics were assessed in various GBM patient-derived cells (PDCs) and U87-MG cell-line for SEMA3A antibody efficacy. GBM patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were generated to evaluate tumor inhibitory effect of anti-SEMA3A antibody in vivo. Results By combining bioinformatics and TMA analysis, we discovered that SEMA3A is highly expressed in human GBM specimens compared to non-neoplastic tissues. We developed three different anti-SEMA3A antibodies, in fully human IgG form, through screening phage-displayed synthetic antibody library using a classical panning method. Neutralization of SEMA3A significantly reduced migration and proliferation capabilities of PDCs and U87-MG cell line in vitro. In PDX models, treatment with anti-SEMA3A antibody exhibited notable tumor inhibitory effect through down-regulation of cellular proliferative kinetics and tumor-associated macrophages recruitment. Conclusion In present study, we demonstrated tumor inhibitory effect of SEMA3A antibody in GBM progression and present its potential relevance as a therapeutic agent in a clinical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Lee
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Jae Shin
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoungmin Lee
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jason K Sa
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Yun Lee
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yeup Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ni Q, Sun J, Ma C, Li Y, Ju J, Sun M. The Neuropilins and Their Ligands in Hematogenous Metastasis of Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma-An Immunohistochemical Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 76:569-579. [PMID: 28961428 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the expression of neuropilin-1 (NRP1), neuropilin-2 (NRP2), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), semaphorin-3A (Sema-3A), and semaphorin-3F (Sema-3F) in normal salivary gland (NSG) tissue, nonmetastatic salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC), and metastatic SACC to better understand their role in intratumoral angiogenesis and hematogenous metastasis of SACC. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 60 SACC patients, equally divided between nonmetastatic SACC and metastatic SACC. We used 30 NSG samples as the control. The expression of cytokines was studied by immunohistochemistry and compared using the integrated optical density. The relationship between NRP1, NRP2, VEGF-A, and Sema-3A expression and microvessel density (MVD) was analyzed in the 3 groups. RESULTS In metastatic SACC, the expression levels of NRP1 and VEGF-A were significantly greater than those in nonmetastatic SACC and NSG. The expression of Sema-3A and Sema-3F was significantly lower in metastatic SACC than that in nonmetastatic SACC and NSG (P < .0001). No significant differences were found in NRP2 expression among the 3 groups (P = .43). The MVD of metastatic SACC was significantly greater than that of nonmetastatic SACC and NSG (P < .0001). However, the lymphatic vessel density of the 3 groups was not significantly different statistically. The relationship between MVD and NRP1 or VEGF-A showed a significant positive correlation (P < .0001, for both). However, a significant negative correlation was found between the MVD and Sema-3A or Sema-3F expression (P < .0001, for both). CONCLUSIONS Hematogenous metastasis of SACC is correlated with high expression of NRP1 and VEGF-A and low expression of Sema-3A and Sema-3F. The increased numbers of microvessels induced by VEGF-A signaling, combined with NRP1, could be one of the key reasons leading to the enhanced hematogenous metastasis in SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Ni
- Resident, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Sun
- Resident, Department of Stomatology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Resident, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Resident, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ju
- Resident, Center of Otolaryngology of PLA, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Moyi Sun
- Professor, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Migrating cells can influence the direction of their own migration by metabolizing chemoattractants present in their environment. This is illustrated by the dispersal of melanoma cells, which break down lysophosphatidic acid and generate a gradient with increasing concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid distant from the tumor. Melanoma cells can then disperse away from the tumor as they migrate in the self-generated lysophosphatidic acid gradient. Thus, dispersal of tumor cells during invasion of the surrounding stroma might be driven by chemotaxis of cells along self-generated chemoattractant gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H Stuelten
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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41
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Moutal A, Villa LS, Yeon SK, Householder KT, Park KD, Sirianni RW, Khanna R. CRMP2 Phosphorylation Drives Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4403-4416. [PMID: 28660485 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor. The rapid growth and the privileged provenance of the tumor within the brain contribute to its aggressivity and poor therapeutic targeting. A poor prognostic factor in glioblastoma is the deletion or mutation of the Nf1 gene. This gene codes for the protein neurofibromin, a tumor suppressor gene that is known to interact with the collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). CRMP2 expression and elevated expression of nuclear phosphorylated CRMP2 have recently been implicated in cancer progression. The CRMP2-neurofibromin interaction protects CRMP2 from its phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), an event linked to cancer progression. In three human glioblastoma cell lines (GL15, A172, and U87), we observed an inverse correlation between neurofibromin expression and CRMP2 phosphorylation levels. Glioblastoma cell proliferation was dependent on CRMP2 expression and phosphorylation by Cdk5 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β). The CRMP2 phosphorylation inhibitor (S)-lacosamide reduces, in a concentration-dependent manner, glioblastoma cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in all three GBM cell lines tested. Since (S)-lacosamide is bioavailable in the brain, we tested its utility in an in vivo orthotopic model of GBM using GL261-LucNeo glioma cells. (S)-lacosamide decreased tumor size, as measured via in vivo bioluminescence imaging, by ~54% compared to vehicle control. Our results introduce CRMP2 expression and phosphorylation as a novel player in GBM proliferation and survival, which is enhanced by loss of Nf1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Lex Salas Villa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Seul Ki Yeon
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle T Householder
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 879709, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachael W Sirianni
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 879709, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Sun S, Lei Y, Li Q, Wu Y, Zhang L, Mu PP, Ji GQ, Tang CX, Wang YQ, Gao J, Gao J, Li L, Zhuo L, Li YQ, Gao DS. Neuropilin-1 is a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74019-74035. [PMID: 29088765 PMCID: PMC5650320 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the receptor for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). After GST pull-down assays, membrane proteins purified from C6 rat glioma cells were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The differentially expressed proteins were annotated using Gene Ontology, and neuropilin-1 (NRP1) was identified as the putative GDNF receptor in glioma. NRP1 was more highly expressed in human GBM brains and C6 rat glioma cells than in normal human brains or primary rat astrocytes. Immunofluorescence staining showed that NRP1 was recruited to the membrane by GDNF, and NRP1 co-immunoprecipitated with GDNF. Using the NRP1 and GDNF protein structures to assess molecular docking in the ZDOCK server and visualization with the PyMOL Molecular Graphics System revealed 8 H-bonds and stable positive and negative electrostatic interactions between NRP1 and GDNF. RNAi knockdown of NRP1 reduced proliferation of C6 glioma cells when stimulated with GDNF. NRP1 was an independent risk factor for both survival and recurrence in GBM patients. High NRP1 mRNA expression correlated with shorter OS and DFS (OS: χ2=4.6720, P=0.0307; DFS: χ2=11.013, P=0.0009). NRP1 is thus a GDNF receptor in glioma cells and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei-Pei Mu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Quan Ji
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Tang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Qian Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lang Zhuo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Dian-Shuai Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Li X, Chen Q, Yin D, Shi S, Yu L, Zhou S, Chen E, Zhou Z, Shi Y, Fan J, Zhou J, Dai Z. Novel role of semaphorin 3A in the growth and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3313-3320. [PMID: 28498470 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), a secretory protein, is a founding member of the semaphorin family and functions in both the biological behavior of tumor cells and the modulation of tumor-associated macrophages. However, the role of SEMA3A in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still not well established. In the present study, we investigated the expression levels of SEMA3A in 80 HCC tissues and cell lines, using RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Expression profile analysis revealed that SEMA3A was significantly overexpressed in human HCC patients and positively correlated with the metastatic potential of HCC cells. Lentiviral transfection into PLC/PRF/5 and HCCLM3 cells was performed to stably upregulate and downregulate the expression of SEMA3A in HCC cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound-healing and invasion assays revealed that SEMA3A promoted the proliferation and migration of HCC cells in vitro. Proteome profiler antibody microarray analysis revealed that overexpression of SEMA3A in HCC cells induced a significant increase in the expression levels of gelsolin-like capping protein (CapG), galectin-3, enolase 2 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). Furthermore, the upregulation of SEMA3A in HCC cells promoted tumor growth and progression in an HCC mouse model. These results indicate that SEMA3A enhances CapG, galectin-3, enolase 2 and EpCAM expression to promote HCC progression and is a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qing Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yin
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shiming Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shaolai Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Erbao Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhengjun Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Dai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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44
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Wang Z, Ding M, Qian N, Song B, Yu J, Tang J, Wang J. Decreased expression of semaphorin 3D is associated with genesis and development in colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2017; 15:67. [PMID: 28320475 PMCID: PMC5359842 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-017-1128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Semaphorin 3D (SEMA3D) plays important roles in the genesis and progress of many cancers. However, the relationship between SEMA3D and colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SEMA3D can be used as a predictive marker for the diagnosis, metastasis, and prognosis of CRC by assessing the expression of SEMA3D in the tissues and serum of CRC patients. Methods Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure the expression of SEMA3D mRNA in 100 CRC tissues and matched normal tissues. qPCR was also used to detect the expression of SEMA3D mRNA in the CRC cell line RKO. RKO cells were transfected with SEMA3D small-interring RNA (siRNA) to interfere with endogenous SEMA3D. The migratory ability of control and SEMA3D siRNA-transfected RKO cells was determined by transwell assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to detect the levels of SEMA3D in the serum of 80 CRC patients and 100 normal healthy controls. The expression of SEMA3D in 215 CRC tissues was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Then, statistical analyses were adopted to assess SEMA3D protein levels and clinical pathological characteristics. Results The mRNA expression of SEMA3D was significantly lower in CRC tissues than in paired normal tissues (t = 5.027, P < 0.0001). Compared with normal healthy controls, the serum levels of SEMA3D were decreased significantly in CRC patients (t = 3.656, P = 0.0003). The expression of SEMA3D protein was linked to lymph node metastasis, and low expression led to lymph node metastasis (χ2 = 8.415, P = 0.004). The expression of SEMA3D in CRC tissues was a favorable prognostic factor. Patients with a higher expression of SEMA3D experienced longer survival (P = 0.002, log-rank [Mantel-Cox]; Kaplan-Meier). In addition, multivariate Cox’s proportional hazard model revealed that SEMA3D is an independent prognostic marker (hazard ratio [HR] 1.818, 95% CI 1.063–3.110, P = 0.029). Moreover, transwell assays showed that knocking down SEMA3D significantly increased RKO cell migration (t = 9.268, P = 0.0008). Conclusions SEMA3D might function as a tumor suppressor during the formation and development of CRC. SEMA3D might become a predictive marker for the diagnosis, metastasis, and prognosis of CRC and provide a novel target for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiman Ding
- The Criminal Investigation Detachment of Jiaxing Public Security Bureau, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Naiying Qian
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Beifeng Song
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Tang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Wang Z, Chen J, Zhang W, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Liu L, Wu H, Ye J, Zhang W, Qi B, Wu Y, Song X. Axon guidance molecule semaphorin3A is a novel tumor suppressor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:6048-62. [PMID: 26755661 PMCID: PMC4868739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin3A (SEMA3A), an axon guidance molecule in the nervous system, plays an inhibitory role in oncogenesis. Here, we investigated the expression pattern and biological roles of SEMA3A in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by gain-of-function assays using adenovirus transfection and recombinant human SEMA3A protein. In addition, we explored the therapeutic efficacy of SEMA3A against HNSCC in vivo. We found that lower expression of SEMA3A correlated with shorter overall survival and had independent prognostic importance in patients with HNSCC. Both genetic and recombinant SEMA3A protein inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis, accompanied by decreased cyclin E, cyclin D, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 and increased P21, P27, activated caspase-5 and caspase-7. Moreover, over-expression of SEMA3A suppressed migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition due in part to the inhibition of NF-κB and SNAI2 in HNSCC cell lines. Furthermore, intratumoral SEMA3A delivery significantly stagnated tumor growth in a xenograft model. Taken together, our results indicate that SEMA3A serves as a tumor suppressor during HNSCC tumorigenesis and a new target for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zilu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Laikui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Heming Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jinhai Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yunong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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46
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Miyauchi JT, Chen D, Choi M, Nissen JC, Shroyer KR, Djordevic S, Zachary IC, Selwood D, Tsirka SE. Ablation of Neuropilin 1 from glioma-associated microglia and macrophages slows tumor progression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:9801-14. [PMID: 26755653 PMCID: PMC4891085 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most commonly diagnosed primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Median times of survival are dismal regardless of the treatment approach, underlying the need to develop more effective therapies. Modulation of the immune system is a promising strategy as innate and adaptive immunity play important roles in cancer progression. Glioma associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs) can comprise over 30% of the cells in glioma biopsies. Gliomas secrete cytokines that suppress the anti-tumorigenic properties of GAMs, causing them to secrete factors that support the tumor's spread and growth. Neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) is a transmembrane receptor that in mice both amplifies pro-angiogenic signaling in the tumor microenvironment and affects behavior of innate immune cells. Using a Cre-lox system, we generated mice that lack expression of Nrp1 in GAMs. We demonstrate, using an in vivo orthotopic glioma model, that tumors in mice with Nrp1-deficient GAMs exhibit less vascularity, grow at a slower pace, and are populated by increased numbers of anti-tumorigenic GAMs. Moreover, glioma survival times in mice with Nrp1-deficient GAMs were significantly longer. Treating wild-type mice with a small molecule inhibitor of Nrp1's b1 domain, EG00229, which we show here is selective for Nrp1 over Nrp2, yielded an identical outcome. Nrp1-deficient or EG00229-treated wild-type microglia exhibited a shift towards anti-tumorigenicity as evident by altered inflammatory marker profiles in vivo and decreased SMAD2/3 activation when conditioned in the presence of glioma-derived factors. These results provide support for the proposal that pharmacological inhibition of Nrp1 constitutes a potential strategy for suppressing glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T Miyauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Danling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jillian C Nissen
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth R Shroyer
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Snezana Djordevic
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian C Zachary
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Selwood
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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47
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Neufeld G, Mumblat Y, Smolkin T, Toledano S, Nir-Zvi I, Ziv K, Kessler O. The role of the semaphorins in cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:652-674. [PMID: 27533782 PMCID: PMC5160032 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1197478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The semaphorins were initially characterized as axon guidance factors, but have subsequently been implicated also in the regulation of immune responses, angiogenesis, organ formation, and a variety of additional physiological and developmental functions. The semaphorin family contains more then 20 genes divided into 7 subfamilies, all of which contain the signature sema domain. The semaphorins transduce signals by binding to receptors belonging to the neuropilin or plexin families. Additional receptors which form complexes with these primary semaphorin receptors are also frequently involved in semaphorin signaling. Recent evidence suggests that semaphorins also fulfill important roles in the etiology of multiple forms of cancer. Some semaphorins have been found to function as bona-fide tumor suppressors and to inhibit tumor progression by various mechanisms while other semaphorins function as inducers and promoters of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gera Neufeld
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yelena Mumblat
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tatyana Smolkin
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shira Toledano
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Nir-Zvi
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Keren Ziv
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofra Kessler
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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48
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Meyer LAT, Fritz J, Pierdant-Mancera M, Bagnard D. Current drug design to target the Semaphorin/Neuropilin/Plexin complexes. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:700-708. [PMID: 27906605 PMCID: PMC5160035 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1261785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Semaphorin/Neuropilin/Plexin (SNP) complexes control a wide range of biological processes. Consistently, activity deregulation of these complexes is associated with many diseases. The increasing knowledge on SNP had in turn validated these molecular complexes as novel therapeutic targets. Targeting SNP activities by small molecules, antibodies and peptides or by soluble semaphorins have been proposed as new therapeutic approach. This review is focusing on the latest demonstration of this potential and discusses some of the key questions that need to be addressed before translating SNP targeting into clinically relevant approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel A. T. Meyer
- INSERM U1109 – MN3T Lab, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Labex Medalis, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Justine Fritz
- INSERM U1109 – MN3T Lab, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Labex Medalis, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Pierdant-Mancera
- INSERM U1109 – MN3T Lab, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Labex Medalis, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Bagnard
- INSERM U1109 – MN3T Lab, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Labex Medalis, University of Strasbourg, France
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49
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Yamada D, Takahashi K, Kawahara K, Maeda T. Autocrine Semaphorin3A signaling is essential for the maintenance of stem-like cells in lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:375-379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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50
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Yamada D, Watanabe S, Kawahara K, Maeda T. Plexin A1 signaling confers malignant phenotypes in lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:75-80. [PMID: 27717823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant changes to several signaling pathways because of genetic mutations or increased cytokine production are critical for tumor cells to become malignant. Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) acts as a bivalent factor that suppresses or promotes tumor development in different pathological backgrounds. Previously, we showed that SEMA3A positively regulated the proliferative and glycolytic activities of mouse-derived Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Plexins A1-A4 (PLXNA1-PLXNA4) are SEMA3A receptors; however, it is not known which subtype is critical for oncogenic SEMA3A signaling. We used LLC cells to investigate the role of PLXNA1 in oncogenic SEMA3A signaling. Using short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown, we investigated the effects of constitutive inhibition of Plxna1 on cell proliferation, metabolic dependency, and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) sensitivity. We found that Plxna1 knockdown did not affect apoptosis but resulted in decreased cell proliferation and reductions in mRNA expression levels of proliferation-marker genes, such as Ccnd1, Pcna, and Myc. In addition, we found decreased mRNA expression levels of glycolysis-associated genes, such as Pkm2 and Ldha, and decreased lactate production. In contrast, we found no changes in the mRNA expression levels of oxidative phosphorylation-associated genes, such as Cycs, Cox5a, and Atp5g1. We found that Plxna1 knockdown conferred resistance to glucose starvation but increased cytotoxicity to oligomycin. Plxna1 or Sema3a knockdown caused an increased sensitivity to the EGFR-TKIs gefitinib and erlotinib, in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. These findings demonstrate that PLXNA1 mediates the acquisition of malignant phenotypes induced by autocrine SEMA3A signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
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