1
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Wang Y, Pattarayan D, Huang H, Zhao Y, Li S, Wang Y, Zhang M, Li S, Yang D. Systematic investigation of chemo-immunotherapy synergism to shift anti-PD-1 resistance in cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3178. [PMID: 38609378 PMCID: PMC11015024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemo-immunotherapy combinations have been regarded as one of the most practical ways to improve immunotherapy response in cancer patients. In this study, we integrate the transcriptomics data from anti-PD-1-treated tumors and compound-treated cancer cell lines to systematically screen for chemo-immunotherapy synergisms in silico. Through analyzing anti-PD-1 induced expression changes in patient tumors, we develop a shift ability score to measure if a chemotherapy or a small molecule inhibitor treatment can shift anti-PD-1 resistance in tumor cells. By applying shift ability analysis to 41,321 compounds and 16,853 shRNA treated cancer cell lines transcriptomic data, we characterize the landscape of chemo-immunotherapy synergism and experimentally validated a mitochondrial RNA-dependent mechanism for drug-induced immune activation in tumor. Our study represents an effort to mechanistically characterize chemo-immunotherapy synergism and will facilitate future pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Dhamotharan Pattarayan
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Haozhe Huang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yueshan Zhao
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Sihan Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yifei Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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2
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Abe K, Ikeda M, Ide T, Tadokoro T, Miyamoto HD, Furusawa S, Tsutsui Y, Miyake R, Ishimaru K, Watanabe M, Matsushima S, Koumura T, Yamada KI, Imai H, Tsutsui H. Doxorubicin causes ferroptosis and cardiotoxicity by intercalating into mitochondrial DNA and disrupting Alas1-dependent heme synthesis. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabn8017. [PMID: 36318618 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited because of its cardiotoxicity, referred to as DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). Mitochondria-dependent ferroptosis, which is triggered by iron overload and excessive lipid peroxidation, plays a pivotal role in the progression of DIC. Here, we showed that DOX accumulated in mitochondria by intercalating into mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), inducing ferroptosis in an mtDNA content-dependent manner. In addition, DOX disrupted heme synthesis by decreasing the abundance of 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1 (Alas1), the rate-limiting enzyme in this process, thereby impairing iron utilization, resulting in iron overload and ferroptosis in mitochondria in cultured cardiomyocytes. Alas1 overexpression prevented this outcome. Administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), the product of Alas1, to cultured cardiomyocytes and mice suppressed iron overload and lipid peroxidation, thereby preventing DOX-induced ferroptosis and DIC. Our findings reveal that the accumulation of DOX and iron in mitochondria cooperatively induces ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes and suggest that 5-ALA can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Immunoregulatory Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tadokoro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroko Deguchi Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shun Furusawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kosei Ishimaru
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shouji Matsushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Koumura
- Departments of Hygienic Chemistry and Medical Research Laboratories, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Imai
- Departments of Hygienic Chemistry and Medical Research Laboratories, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Institute of Angiocardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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3
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Searching for a Paradigm Shift in Auger-Electron Cancer Therapy with Tumor-Specific Radiopeptides Targeting the Mitochondria and/or the Cell Nucleus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137238. [PMID: 35806239 PMCID: PMC9266350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 99mTc is not an ideal Auger electron (AE) emitter for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) due to its relatively low Auger electron yield, it can be considered a readily available “model” radionuclide useful to validate the design of new classes of AE-emitting radioconjugates. With this in mind, we performed a detailed study of the radiobiological effects and mechanisms of cell death induced by the dual-targeted radioconjugates 99mTc-TPP-BBN and 99mTc-AO-BBN (TPP = triphenylphosphonium; AO = acridine orange; BBN = bombesin derivative) in human prostate cancer PC3 cells. 99mTc-TPP-BBN and 99mTc-AO-BBN caused a remarkably high reduction of the survival of PC3 cells when compared with the single-targeted congener 99mTc-BBN, leading to an augmented formation of γH2AX foci and micronuclei. 99mTc-TPP-BBN also caused a reduction of the mtDNA copy number, although it enhanced the ATP production by PC3 cells. These differences can be attributed to the augmented uptake of 99mTc-TPP-BBN in the mitochondria and enhanced uptake of 99mTc-AO-BBN in the nucleus, allowing the irradiation of these radiosensitive organelles with the short path-length AEs emitted by 99mTc. In particular, the results obtained for 99mTc-TPP-BBN reinforce the relevance of targeting the mitochondria to promote stronger radiobiological effects by AE-emitting radioconjugates.
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4
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Bonitto EP, McKeown BT, Goralski KB. Jadomycins: A potential chemotherapy for multi-drug resistant metastatic breast cancer. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00886. [PMID: 34708587 PMCID: PMC8551564 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer causes the most cancer fatalities in women worldwide. Approximately one-third of breast cancers metastasize, or spread from primary tumors to other tissues, and have a 70% 5-year mortality rate. Current breast cancer treatments like doxorubicin and paclitaxel become ineffective when breast cancer cells develop multi-drug resistance and overexpress ATP-binding cassette transporters, as the transporters cause a substantial efflux of the chemotherapies. Jadomycins, a group of molecules isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230, are shown to be cytotoxic against a variety of cancers, especially breast cancer. Furthermore, jadomycins retain their cytotoxic properties in multi-drug resistant breast cancer cells, as they are not expelled through ATP-binding cassette transporters. Here, we describe the research that supports the potential use of jadomycins as a novel chemotherapy in the treatment of multi-drug resistant, metastatic breast cancer. We present the supportive findings, as well as the mechanisms of action investigated thus far. These include copper-mediated reactive oxygen species generation, aurora B kinase inhibition, and topoisomerase IIα and IIβ inhibition. We also suggest future directions of jadomycin research, which will help to determine if jadomycins can be used as a breast cancer chemotherapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther P. Bonitto
- Department of PharmacologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Brendan T. McKeown
- Department of PharmacologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research InstituteHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Kerry B. Goralski
- Department of PharmacologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research InstituteHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- College of PharmacyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Department of PediatricsDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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5
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A549 cells contain enlarged mitochondria with independently functional clustered mtDNA nucleoids. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249047. [PMID: 33765066 PMCID: PMC7993880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are commonly viewed as highly elongated organelles with regularly spaced mtDNA genomes organized as compact nucleoids that generate the local transcripts essential for production of mitochondrial ribosomes and key components of the respiratory chain. In contrast, A549 human lung carcinoma cells frequently contain apparently swollen mitochondria harboring multiple discrete mtDNA nucleoids and RNA processing granules in a contiguous matrix compartment. While this seemingly aberrant mitochondrial morphology is akin to “mito-bulbs” previously described in cells exposed to a variety of genomic stressors, it occurs in A549 cells under typical culture conditions. We provide a detailed confocal and super-resolution microscopic investigation of the incidence of such mito-bulbs in A549 cells. Most mito-bulbs appear stable, engage in active replication and transcription, and maintain respiration but feature an elevated oxidative environment. High concentrations of glucose and/or L-glutamine in growth media promote a greater incidence of mito-bulbs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that treatment of A549 cells with TGFβ suppresses the formation of mito-bulbs while treatment with a specific TGFβ pathway inhibitor substantially increases incidence. This striking heterogeneity of mitochondrial form and function may play an important role in a variety of diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction.
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6
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Feric M, Demarest TG, Tian J, Croteau DL, Bohr VA, Misteli T. Self-assembly of multi-component mitochondrial nucleoids via phase separation. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107165. [PMID: 33619770 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria contain an autonomous and spatially segregated genome. The organizational unit of their genome is the nucleoid, which consists of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and associated architectural proteins. Here, we show that phase separation is the primary physical mechanism for assembly and size control of the mitochondrial nucleoid (mt-nucleoid). The major mtDNA-binding protein TFAM spontaneously phase separates in vitro via weak, multivalent interactions into droplets with slow internal dynamics. TFAM and mtDNA form heterogenous, viscoelastic structures in vitro, which recapitulate the dynamics and behavior of mt-nucleoids in vivo. Mt-nucleoids coalesce into larger droplets in response to various forms of cellular stress, as evidenced by the enlarged and transcriptionally active nucleoids in mitochondria from patients with the premature aging disorder Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). Our results point to phase separation as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of genome organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Feric
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jane Tian
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Fu Y, Tigano M, Sfeir A. Safeguarding mitochondrial genomes in higher eukaryotes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:687-695. [PMID: 32764737 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria respond to DNA damage and preserve their own genetic material in a manner distinct from that of the nucleus but that requires organized mito-nuclear communication. Failure to resolve mtDNA breaks leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and affects host cells and tissues. Here, we review the pathways that safeguard mitochondrial genomes and examine the insights gained from studies of cellular and tissue-wide responses to mtDNA damage and mito-nuclear genome incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Cell Biology Department, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Tigano
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Cell Biology Department, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnel Sfeir
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Cell Biology Department, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Lee YY, Choi YS, Kim DW, Cheong JY, Song KY, Ryu MS, Lim IK. Mitochondrial nucleoid remodeling and biogenesis are regulated by the p53-p21 WAF1-PKCζ pathway in p16 INK4a-silenced cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6700-6732. [PMID: 32330121 PMCID: PMC7202532 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to age-related senescence phenotypes. We report here the pathway increasing nucleoid remodeling and biogenesis in mitochondria during the senescence of foreskin human diploid fibroblasts (fs-HDF) and WI-38 cells. Replicative senescence in fs-HDF cells increased mitochondrial nucleoid remodeling as indicated by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression in enlarged and fused mitochondria. Mitochondrial nucleoid remodeling was accompanied by mitochondrial biogenesis in old cells, and the expression levels of OXPHOS complex-I, -IV and -V subunits, PGC-1α and NRF1 were greatly increased compared to young cells. Activated protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ) increased mitochondrial activity and expressed phenotypes of delayed senescence in fs-HDF cells, but not in WI-38 cells. The findings were reproduced in the doxorubicin-induced senescence of young fs-HDF and WI-38 cells via the PKCζ-LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway, which was regulated by the p53-p21WAF1 pathway when p16INK4a was silenced. The signaling enhanced PGC-1α-NRF1-TFAM axis in mitochondria, which was demonstrated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of young and old fs-HDF cells. Activation of the p53-p21WAF1 pathway and silencing of p16INK4a are responsible for mitochondrial reprogramming in senescent cells, which may be a compensatory mechanism to promote cell survival under senescence stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yeong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Yeon Seung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Do Wan Kim
- Omics Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jae Youn Cheong
- Omics Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Kye Yong Song
- Department of Pathology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Min Sook Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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9
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Abstract
Anthracycline-based chemotherapy can result in the development of a cumulative and progressively developing cardiomyopathy. Doxorubicin is one of the most highly prescribed anthracyclines in the United States due to its broad spectrum of therapeutic efficacy. Interference with different mitochondrial processes is chief among the molecular and cellular determinants of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, contributing to the development of cardiomyopathy. The present review provides the basis for the involvement of mitochondrial toxicity in the different functional hallmarks of anthracycline toxicity. Our objective is to understand the molecular determinants of a progressive deterioration of functional integrity of mitochondria that establishes a historic record of past drug treatments (mitochondrial memory) and renders the cancer patient susceptible to subsequent regimens of drug therapy. We focus on the involvement of doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, disruption of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and permeability transition, contributing to altered metabolic and redox circuits in cardiac cells, ultimately culminating in disturbances of autophagy/mitophagy fluxes and increased apoptosis. We also suggest some possible pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions that can reduce mitochondrial damage. Understanding the key role of mitochondria in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy is essential to reduce the barriers that so dramatically limit the clinical success of this essential anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall B Wallace
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth (K.B.W.)
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal (V.A.S., P.J.O.)
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal (V.A.S., P.J.O.)
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10
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Trumpff C, Marsland AL, Basualto-Alarcón C, Martin JL, Carroll JE, Sturm G, Vincent AE, Mosharov EV, Gu Z, Kaufman BA, Picard M. Acute psychological stress increases serum circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:268-276. [PMID: 31029929 PMCID: PMC6589121 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic biological mechanisms transduce psychological stress into physiological adaptation that requires energy, but the role of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in this process has not been defined in humans. Here, we show that similar to physical injury, exposure to psychological stress increases serum circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) levels. Healthy midlife adults exposed on two separate occasions to a brief psychological challenge exhibited a 2-3-fold increase in ccf-mtDNA, with no change in ccf-nuclear DNA levels, establishing the magnitude and specificity for ccf-mtDNA reactivity. In cell-based studies, we show that glucocorticoid signaling - a consequence of psychological stress in humans - is sufficient to induce mtDNA extrusion in a time frame consistent with stress-induced ccf-mtDNA increase. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that acute psychological stress induces ccf-mtDNA and implicate neuroendocrine signaling as a potential trigger for ccf-mtDNA release. Further controlled work is needed to confirm that observed increases in ccf-mtDNA result from stress exposure and to determine the functional significance of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anna L Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile; Anatomy and Legal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - James L Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Judith E Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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11
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Yang N, Ma H, Jiang Z, Niu L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Cheng S, Deng Y, Qi H, Wang Z. Dosing depending on SIRT3 activity attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via elevated tolerance against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:111-117. [PMID: 31303273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-neoplastic agent with cumulative cardiotoxicity. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has been shown to depend on the different dosing times. However, the basis for determining the dosing time to minimize DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we first showed that SIRT3, the major mitochondrial deacetylase, is negatively correlated to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through the regulation of ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level and ROS level in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Then, we used in vivo experiments to demonstrate that DOX significantly reduced the SIRT3 expression and the SIRT3 activity as reflected by the increased AcK68MnSOD/MnSOD ratio in rats after six weeks of treatment. Notably, the activity of SIRT3 had an obvious diurnal rhythm pattern in the myocardium of healthy rats. More importantly, an obvious lower AcK68MnSOD/MnSOD ratio was observed in rat hearts with DOX administrated at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 9 (ZT 0 was the time lights were turned on) than ZT1, which represent the peak and trough of SIRT3 activity. Moreover, DOX ZT9 reduced the body weight loss, extended the survival period, improved the heart function and alleviated the myocardial lesions compared to DOX ZT1. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that DOX ZT1 significantly reduced ATP production, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) at various respiration states, MMP level and MnSOD activity and enhanced the H2O2 level compared with CON ZT1, whereas there was no significant effect for DOX ZT9 compared with CON ZT9. Taken together, dosing at the peak time of SIRT3 activity reduced DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which may be related to the increased endogenous tolerance against the mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 9th Middle Segment, 17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 32nd West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Haoyue Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 9th Middle Segment, 17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lihong Niu
- Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 32nd West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Xinshang Zhang
- Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 32nd West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Yanyou Liu
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 9th Middle Segment, 17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 9th Middle Segment, 17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 9th Middle Segment, 17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 32nd West Second Section, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Hongyi Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 9th Middle Segment, 17 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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12
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Zahedi A, Phandthong R, Chaili A, Leung S, Omaiye E, Talbot P. Mitochondrial Stress Response in Neural Stem Cells Exposed to Electronic Cigarettes. iScience 2019; 16:250-269. [PMID: 31200115 PMCID: PMC6562374 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells provide a sensitive model to study exposure to toxicants, such as cigarette smoke. Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are popular nicotine delivery devices, often targeted to youth and pregnant mothers. However, little is known about how chemicals in ECs might affect neural stem cells, and in particular their mitochondria, organelles that maintain cell functionality and health. Here we show that the mechanism underlying EC-induced stem cell toxicity is stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion (SIMH), a transient survival response accompanied by increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. We identify SIMH as a survival response to nicotine, now widely available in EC refill fluids and in pure form for do-it-yourself EC products. These observed mitochondrial alterations combined with autophagy dysfunction to clear damaged mitochondria could lead to faulty stem cell populations, accelerate cellular aging, and lead to acquired mitochondriopathies. Any nicotine-containing product may likewise stress stem cells with long-term repercussions for users and passively exposed individuals. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Zahedi
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA; UCR Stem Cell Center and Core, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Rattapol Phandthong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA; UCR Stem Cell Center and Core, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Angela Chaili
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Sara Leung
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Esther Omaiye
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA; UCR Stem Cell Center and Core, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA
| | - Prue Talbot
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA; UCR Stem Cell Center and Core, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA.
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13
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Cao JJ, Zheng Y, Wu XW, Tan CP, Chen MH, Wu N, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Anticancer Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with Planar Ligands: Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Metabolism Disturbance. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3311-3322. [PMID: 30816710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging studies have shown that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a potential target for cancer therapy. Herein, six cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes Ir1-Ir6 containing a series of extended planar diimine ligands have been designed and assessed for their efficacy as anticancer agents. Ir1-Ir6 show much higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin and they can effectively localize to mitochondria. Among them, complexes Ir3 and Ir4 with dipyrido[3,2- a:2',3'- c]phenazine (dppz) ligands can bind to DNA tightly in vitro, intercalate to mtDNA in situ, and induce mtDNA damage. Ir3- and Ir4-impaired mitochondria exhibit decline of mitochondrial membrane potential, disability of adenosine triphosphate generation, disruption of mitochondrial energetic and metabolic status, which subsequently cause protective mitophagy, G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. In vivo antitumor evaluations also show that Ir4 can inhibit tumor xenograft growth effectively. Overall, our work proves that targeting the mitochondrial genome may present an effective strategy to develop metal-based anticancer agents to overcome cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Yue Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Mu-He Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Na Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
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14
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Gao F, Li L, Fan J, Cao J, Li Y, Chen L, Peng X. An Off–On Two-Photon Carbazole-Based Fluorescent Probe: Highly Targeting and Super-Resolution Imaging of mtDNA. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3336-3341. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liuju Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Gaoxin South fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianfang Cao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, 169 Shiying Road, 121001 Jinzhou, China
| | | | - Liangyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Gaoxin South fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
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15
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Zheng Y, Zhang DY, Zhang H, Cao JJ, Tan CP, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Photodamaging of Mitochondrial DNA to Overcome Cisplatin Resistance by a RuII
-PtII
Bimetallic Complex. Chemistry 2018; 24:18971-18980. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry; School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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16
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Pohjoismäki JLO, Forslund JME, Goffart S, Torregrosa-Muñumer R, Wanrooij S. Known Unknowns of Mammalian Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800102. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko L. O. Pohjoismäki
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland; 80101 Joensuu Finland
| | | | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland; 80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Rubén Torregrosa-Muñumer
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland; 80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Sjoerd Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University; 90187 Umeå Sweden
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17
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Meyer JN, Leuthner TC, Luz AL. Mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitochondrial toxicity. Toxicology 2017; 391:42-53. [PMID: 28789970 PMCID: PMC5681418 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by two sets of opposed processes: mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation (including mitophagy), as well as processes such as intracellular transport. These processes maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, regulate mitochondrial form, volume and function, and are increasingly understood to be critical components of the cellular stress response. Mitochondrial dynamics vary based on developmental stage and age, cell type, environmental factors, and genetic background. Indeed, many mitochondrial homeostasis genes are human disease genes. Emerging evidence indicates that deficiencies in these genes often sensitize to environmental exposures, yet can also be protective under certain circumstances. Inhibition of mitochondrial dynamics also affects elimination of irreparable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and transmission of mtDNA mutations. We briefly review the basic biology of mitodynamic processes with a focus on mitochondrial fusion and fission, discuss what is known and unknown regarding how these processes respond to chemical and other stressors, and review the literature on interactions between mitochondrial toxicity and genetic variation in mitochondrial fusion and fission genes. Finally, we suggest areas for future research, including elucidating the full range of mitodynamic responses from low to high-level exposures, and from acute to chronic exposures; detailed examination of the physiological consequences of mitodynamic alterations in different cell types; mechanism-based testing of mitotoxicant interactions with interindividual variability in mitodynamics processes; and incorporating other environmental variables that affect mitochondria, such as diet and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, United States.
| | - Tess C Leuthner
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, United States.
| | - Anthony L Luz
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, United States.
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18
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Live imaging reveals the dynamics and regulation of mitochondrial nucleoids during the cell cycle in Fucci2-HeLa cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11257. [PMID: 28900194 PMCID: PMC5595809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is organized in nucleoprotein complexes called mitochondrial nucleoids (mt-nucleoids), which are critical units of mtDNA replication and transmission. In humans, several hundreds of mt-nucleoids exist in a cell. However, how numerous mt-nucleoids are maintained during the cell cycle remains elusive, because cell cycle synchronization procedures affect mtDNA replication. Here, we analyzed regulation of the maintenance of mt-nucleoids in the cell cycle, using a fluorescent cell cycle indicator, Fucci2. Live imaging of mt-nucleoids with higher temporal resolution showed frequent attachment and detachment of mt-nucleoids throughout the cell cycle. TFAM, an mtDNA packaging protein, was involved in the regulation of this dynamic process, which was important for maintaining proper mt-nucleoid number. Both an increase in mt-nucleoid number and activation of mtDNA replication occurred during S phase. To increase mt-nucleoid number, mtDNA replication, but not nuclear DNA replication, was necessary. We propose that these dynamic and regulatory processes in the cell cycle maintain several hundred mt-nucleoids in proliferating cells.
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19
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Modulating mitochondrial quality in disease transmission: towards enabling mitochondrial DNA disease carriers to have healthy children. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1091-100. [PMID: 27528757 PMCID: PMC4984448 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One in 400 people has a maternally inherited mutation in mtDNA potentially causing incurable disease. In so-called heteroplasmic disease, mutant and normal mtDNA co-exist in the cells of carrier women. Disease severity depends on the proportion of inherited abnormal mtDNA molecules. Families who have had a child die of severe, maternally inherited mtDNA disease need reliable information on the risk of recurrence in future pregnancies. However, prenatal diagnosis and even estimates of risk are fraught with uncertainty because of the complex and stochastic dynamics of heteroplasmy. These complications include an mtDNA bottleneck, whereby hard-to-predict fluctuations in the proportions of mutant and normal mtDNA may arise between generations. In ‘mitochondrial replacement therapy’ (MRT), damaged mitochondria are replaced with healthy ones in early human development, using nuclear transfer. We are developing non-invasive alternatives, notably activating autophagy, a cellular quality control mechanism, in which damaged cellular components are engulfed by autophagosomes. This approach could be used in combination with MRT or with the regular management, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Mathematical theory, supported by recent experiments, suggests that this strategy may be fruitful in controlling heteroplasmy. Using mice that are transgenic for fluorescent LC3 (the hallmark of autophagy) we quantified autophagosomes in cleavage stage embryos. We confirmed that the autophagosome count peaks in four-cell embryos and this correlates with a drop in the mtDNA content of the whole embryo. This suggests removal by mitophagy (mitochondria-specific autophagy). We suggest that modulating heteroplasmy by activating mitophagy may be a useful complement to mitochondrial replacement therapy.
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20
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Liao C, Ashley N, Diot A, Morten K, Phadwal K, Williams A, Fearnley I, Rosser L, Lowndes J, Fratter C, Ferguson DJP, Vay L, Quaghebeur G, Moroni I, Bianchi S, Lamperti C, Downes SM, Sitarz KS, Flannery PJ, Carver J, Dombi E, East D, Laura M, Reilly MM, Mortiboys H, Prevo R, Campanella M, Daniels MJ, Zeviani M, Yu-Wai-Man P, Simon AK, Votruba M, Poulton J. Dysregulated mitophagy and mitochondrial organization in optic atrophy due to OPA1 mutations. Neurology 2016; 88:131-142. [PMID: 27974645 PMCID: PMC5224718 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate mitophagy in 5 patients with severe dominantly inherited optic atrophy (DOA), caused by depletion of OPA1 (a protein that is essential for mitochondrial fusion), compared with healthy controls. Methods: Patients with severe DOA (DOA plus) had peripheral neuropathy, cognitive regression, and epilepsy in addition to loss of vision. We quantified mitophagy in dermal fibroblasts, using 2 high throughput imaging systems, by visualizing colocalization of mitochondrial fragments with engulfing autophagosomes. Results: Fibroblasts from 3 biallelic OPA1(−/−) patients with severe DOA had increased mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)–depleted cells due to decreased levels of OPA1 protein. Similarly, in siRNA-treated control fibroblasts, profound OPA1 knockdown caused mitochondrial fragmentation, loss of mtDNA, impaired mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial mislocalization. Compared to controls, basal mitophagy (abundance of autophagosomes colocalizing with mitochondria) was increased in (1) biallelic patients, (2) monoallelic patients with DOA plus, and (3) OPA1 siRNA–treated control cultures. Mitophagic flux was also increased. Genetic knockdown of the mitophagy protein ATG7 confirmed this by eliminating differences between patient and control fibroblasts. Conclusions: We demonstrated increased mitophagy and excessive mitochondrial fragmentation in primary human cultures associated with DOA plus due to biallelic OPA1 mutations. We previously found that increased mitophagy (mitochondrial recycling) was associated with visual loss in another mitochondrial optic neuropathy, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Combined with our LHON findings, this implicates excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, dysregulated mitophagy, and impaired response to energetic stress in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial optic neuropathies, potentially linked with mitochondrial mislocalization and mtDNA depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liao
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Neil Ashley
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Alan Diot
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Karl Morten
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | | | | | - Ian Fearnley
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Lyndon Rosser
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Jo Lowndes
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Carl Fratter
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | | | - Laura Vay
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan M Downes
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Kamil S Sitarz
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | | | - Janet Carver
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Eszter Dombi
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Daniel East
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Matilde Laura
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | | | - Remko Prevo
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joanna Poulton
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article.
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21
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Alán L, Špaček T, Pajuelo Reguera D, Jabůrek M, Ježek P. Mitochondrial nucleoid clusters protect newly synthesized mtDNA during Doxorubicin- and Ethidium Bromide-induced mitochondrial stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 302:31-40. [PMID: 27102948 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is compacted in ribonucleoprotein complexes called nucleoids, which can divide or move within the mitochondrial network. Mitochondrial nucleoids are able to aggregate into clusters upon reaction with intercalators such as the mtDNA depletion agent Ethidium Bromide (EB) or anticancer drug Doxorobicin (DXR). However, the exact mechanism of nucleoid clusters formation remains unknown. Resolving these processes may help to elucidate the mechanisms of DXR-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, we addressed the role of two key nucleoid proteins; mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial single-stranded binding protein (mtSSB); in the formation of mitochondrial nucleoid clusters during the action of intercalators. We found that both intercalators cause numerous aberrations due to perturbing their native status. By blocking mtDNA replication, both agents also prevented mtDNA association with TFAM, consequently causing nucleoid aggregation into large nucleoid clusters enriched with TFAM, co-existing with the normal nucleoid population. In the later stages of intercalation (>48h), TFAM levels were reduced to 25%. In contrast, mtSSB was released from mtDNA and freely distributed within the mitochondrial network. Nucleoid clusters mostly contained nucleoids with newly replicated mtDNA, however the nucleoid population which was not in replication mode remained outside the clusters. Moreover, the nucleoid clusters were enriched with p53, an anti-oncogenic gatekeeper. We suggest that mitochondrial nucleoid clustering is a mechanism for protecting nucleoids with newly replicated DNA against intercalators mediating genotoxic stress. These results provide new insight into the common mitochondrial response to mtDNA stress and can be implied also on DXR-induced mitochondrial cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Alán
- Dept. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Špaček
- Dept. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Czech Republic
| | - David Pajuelo Reguera
- Dept. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Dept. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Dept. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Czech Republic
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22
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Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Spaczynska E, Malarz K, Cieslik W, Rams-Baron M, Kryštof V, Musiol R. Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Activity of Anticancer Styrylquinolines. The p53 Independent Mechanism of Action. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142678. [PMID: 26599982 PMCID: PMC4657899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of styrylquinolines were synthesized and tested for their anti-proliferative activity. Anti-proliferative activity was evaluated against the human colon carcinoma cell lines that had a normal expression of the p53 protein (HCT116 p53+/+) and mutants with a disabled TP53 gene (HCT116 p53-/-) and against the GM 07492 normal human fibroblast cell line. A SAR study revealed the importance of Cl and OH as substituents in the styryl moiety. Several of the compounds that were tested were found to have a marked anti-proliferative activity that was similar to or better than doxorubicin and were more active against the p53 null than the wild type cells. The cellular localization tests and caspase activity assays suggest a mechanism of action through the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. The activity of the styrylquinoline compounds may be associated with their DNA intercalating ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, Chorzów, Poland
| | | | | | - Wioleta Cieslik
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marzena Rams-Baron
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Musiol
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- * E-mail:
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23
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Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA nucleoids regulated by mitochondrial fission is essential for maintenance of homogeneously active mitochondria during neonatal heart development. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 35:211-23. [PMID: 25348719 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01054-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, and their fusion and fission regulate cellular signaling, development, and mitochondrial homeostasis, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) distribution. Cardiac myocytes have a specialized cytoplasmic structure where large mitochondria are aligned into tightly packed myofibril bundles; however, recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial dynamics also plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of cardiomyocytes. Here, we precisely analyzed the role of mitochondrial fission in vivo. The mitochondrial fission GTPase, Drp1, is highly expressed in the developing neonatal heart, and muscle-specific Drp1 knockout (Drp1-KO) mice showed neonatal lethality due to dilated cardiomyopathy. The Drp1 ablation in heart and primary cultured cardiomyocytes resulted in severe mtDNA nucleoid clustering and led to mosaic deficiency of mitochondrial respiration. The functional and structural alteration of mitochondria also led to immature myofibril assembly and defective cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thus, the dynamics of mtDNA nucleoids regulated by mitochondrial fission is required for neonatal cardiomyocyte development by promoting homogeneous distribution of active mitochondria throughout the cardiomyocytes.
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24
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Zickri MB, Zaghloul S, Farouk M, Fattah MMA. Effect of stem cell therapy on adriamycin induced tubulointerstitial injury. Int J Stem Cells 2013; 5:130-9. [PMID: 24298366 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2012.5.2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It was postulated that adriamycin (ADR) induce renal tubulointerstitial injury. Clinicians are faced with a challenge in producing response in renal patients and slowing or halting the evolution towards kidney failure. The present study aimed at investigating the relation between the possible therapeutic effect of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs), isolated from cord blood on tubular renal damage and their distribution by using ADR induced nephrotoxicity as a model in albino rat. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty three male albino rats were divided into control group, ADR group where rats were given single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 5 mg/kg adriamycin. The rats were sacrificed 10, 20 and 30 days following confirmation of tubular injury. In stem cell therapy group, rats were injected with HMSCs following confirmation of renal injury and sacrificed 10, 20 and 30 days after HMSCs therapy. Kidney sections were exposed to histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, morphometric and serological studies. In response to SC therapy, vacuolated cytoplasm, dark nuclei, detached epithelial lining and desquamated nuclei were noticed in few collecting tubules (CT). 10, 20 and 30 days following therapy. The mean count of CT showing desquamated nuclei and mean value of serum creatinine revealed significant difference in ADR group. The mean area% of Prussian blue+ve cells and that of CD105 +ve cells measured in subgroup S1 denoted a significant increase compared to subgroups S2 and S3. CONCLUSIONS ADR induced tubulointerstitial damage that regressed in response to cord blood HMSC therapy.
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25
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Integrating mitochondrial organization and dynamics with cellular architecture. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 26:34-40. [PMID: 24529244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial organization, dynamics, and interactions with other intracellular structures and organelles are crucial for proper cell physiology. In this review we will discuss recent work on the significance of mitochondrial organization in regulating the size and distribution of mitochondrial DNA nucleoids and emphasize the importance of a new role for actin in regulating mitochondrial dynamics. We will also highlight new and unexpected examples of how mitochondria are integrated with many aspects of cell behavior, including cell migration, cell division, and the proper functioning of specialized cells such as neurons and immune cells. Together, these recent studies demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial organization in generating cellular architecture and vice versa.
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26
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Bess AS, Leung MCK, Ryde IT, Rooney JP, Hinton DE, Meyer JN. Effects of mutations in mitochondrial dynamics-related genes on the mitochondrial response to ultraviolet C radiation in developing Caenorhabditis elegans. WORM 2013; 2:e23763. [PMID: 24058863 PMCID: PMC3670464 DOI: 10.4161/worm.23763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We recently found that genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy are required for removal of UVC-induced mitochondrial DNA damage. However, drp-1 and pink-1, unlike the autophagy and fusion genes tested, were not necessary for larval development after exposure. We hypothesized that increased fusion resulting from mutations in these genes facilitated recovery of mitochondrial function. In this work, we investigated this hypothesis by studying the effects of fis-1, fis-2, drp-1 and pink-1 mutations on mitochondrial responses to UVC exposure including ATP levels, mitochondrial DNA copy number, larval development and mitochondrial morphology. Our results suggest that mutations that promote highly networked mitochondria have the capacity to lessen the effects of mitochondrial genotoxicants on the function of this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Bess
- Nicholas School of the Environment; Duke University; Durham, NC USA
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27
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Ashley N, Yeung TM, Bodmer WF. Stem cell differentiation and lumen formation in colorectal cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5798-809. [PMID: 23867471 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Single cancer stem-like cells (CSC) from colorectal cancers can be functionally identified by their ability to form large lumen-containing colonies in three-dimensional Matrigel cultures. These colonies contain the three types of differentiated colorectal epithelial cells, and single cells obtained from them can reproduce themselves and form tumors efficiently in immunodeficient mice. In this study, we show how hypoxia affects these CSC-derived lumens to control differentiation of stem-like cells and enterocytes via the homeobox gene CDX1. Lumens were identified by F-actin staining and they expressed many characteristics associated with normal differentiated intestinal epithelium, including brush border enzymes, polarization, and tight junctions. RNA interference-mediated silencing of CDX1 reduced lumen formation. Inhibitory effects of hypoxia on lumen formation and stem cell differentiation, including suppression of CDX1 expression, could be mimicked by inhibiting prolyl-hydroxylases that activate HIF1, suggesting that HIF1 is a critical mediator of the effects of hypoxia in this setting. Cell line-derived lumens were phenotypically indistinguishable from colorectal tumor glandular structures used by pathologists to grade tumor differentiation. Parallel results to those obtained with established cell lines were seen with primary cultures from fresh tumors. This in vitro approach to functional characterization of CSCs and their differentiation offers a valid model to study colorectal tumor differentiation and differentiation of colorectal CSCs, with additional uses to enable high-throughput screening for novel anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Ashley
- Authors' Affiliation: Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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28
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Dynamics of nucleoid structure regulated by mitochondrial fission contributes to cristae reformation and release of cytochrome c. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:11863-8. [PMID: 23821750 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301951110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells typically contain thousands of copies of mitochondrial DNA assembled into hundreds of nucleoids. Here we analyzed the dynamic features of nucleoids in terms of mitochondrial membrane dynamics involving balanced fusion and fission. In mitochondrial fission GTPase dynamin-related protein (Drp1)-deficient cells, nucleoids were enlarged by their clustering within hyperfused mitochondria. In normal cells, mitochondrial fission often occurred adjacent to nucleoids, since localization of Mff and Drp1 is dependent on the nucleoids. Thus, mitochondrial fission adjacent to nucleoids should prevent their clustering by maintaining small and fragmented nucleoids. The enhanced clustering of nucleoids resulted in the formation of highly stacked cristae structures in enlarged bulb-like mitochondria (mito-bulbs). Enclosure of proapoptotic factor cytochrome c, but not of Smac/DIABLO, into the highly stacked cristae suppressed its release from mitochondria under apoptotic stimuli. In the absence of nucleoids, Drp1 deficiency failed to form mito-bulbs and to protect against apoptosis. Thus, mitochondrial dynamics by fission and fusion play a critical role in controlling mitochondrial nucleoid structures, contributing to cristae reformation and the proapoptotic status of mitochondria.
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29
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Meyer JN, Leung MCK, Rooney JP, Sendoel A, Hengartner MO, Kisby GE, Bess AS. Mitochondria as a target of environmental toxicants. Toxicol Sci 2013; 134:1-17. [PMID: 23629515 PMCID: PMC3693132 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enormous strides have recently been made in our understanding of the biology and pathobiology of mitochondria. Many diseases have been identified as caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, and many pharmaceuticals have been identified as previously unrecognized mitochondrial toxicants. A much smaller but growing literature indicates that mitochondria are also targeted by environmental pollutants. We briefly review the importance of mitochondrial function and maintenance for health based on the genetics of mitochondrial diseases and the toxicities resulting from pharmaceutical exposure. We then discuss how the principles of mitochondrial vulnerability illustrated by those fields might apply to environmental contaminants, with particular attention to factors that may modulate vulnerability including genetic differences, epigenetic interactions, tissue characteristics, and developmental stage. Finally, we review the literature related to environmental mitochondrial toxicants, with a particular focus on those toxicants that target mitochondrial DNA. We conclude that the fields of environmental toxicology and environmental health should focus more strongly on mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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30
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Bess AS, Ryde IT, Hinton DE, Meyer JN. UVC-induced mitochondrial degradation via autophagy correlates with mtDNA damage removal in primary human fibroblasts. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2013; 27:28-41. [PMID: 23132756 PMCID: PMC3640456 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more susceptible than nuclear DNA to helix-distorting damage via exposure to environmental genotoxins, partially due to a lack of nucleotide excision repair. Thus, this damage is irreparable and persistent in mtDNA in the short term. We recently found that helix-distorting mtDNA damage induced by ultraviolet C radiation (UVC) is gradually removed in Caenorhabditis elegans and that removal is dependent upon autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics. We here report the effects of UVC exposure on mitophagy, mitochondrial morphology, and indicators of mitochondrial function in mammalian cells. Exposure to UVC induced autophagy within 24 h; nonetheless, significant mitochondrial degradation was not observed until 72 h post exposure. Mitochondrial mass, morphology, and function were not significantly altered. These data further support the idea that persistent mtDNA damage is removed by autophagy and also suggest a powerful compensatory capacity for dealing with mtDNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Bess
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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31
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Brum G, Carbone T, Still E, Correia V, Szulak K, Calianese D, Best C, Cammarata G, Higgins K, Ji F, Di W, Wan Y. N-acetylcysteine potentiates doxorubicin-induced ATM and p53 activation in ovarian cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2012; 42:211-8. [PMID: 23128467 PMCID: PMC3583638 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin has been used clinically to treat various types of cancer, and yet the molecular mode of actions of doxorubicin remains to be fully unraveled. In this study, we investigated the effect of doxorubicin on cultured ovarian cancer cells (CaOV3). MTT assay data showed that doxorubicin inhibits cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Phagokinetic cell motility assay data indicated that doxorubicin inhibits both basal level and EGF-induced cell migration in CaOV3 cells. Confocal microscopic data revealed that doxorubicin induces reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins including actin, tubulin and vimentin. Doxorubicin induces phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and 20, acetylation of p53 and ATM activation. Doxorubicin also induces phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Ser139. Interestingly, doxorubicin also inhibits mTOR activity, measured by phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein. Pretreatment of CaOV3 cells with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), but not pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) potentiates doxorubicin-induced phosphorylation of p53 and ATM. Collectively, we conclude that doxorubicin induces ATM/p53 activation leading to reorganization of cytoskeletal networks, inhibition of mTOR activity, and inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. Our data also suggest that removal of oxidants by antioxidants such as NAC may enhance the efficacy of doxorubicin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Brum
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
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32
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Maintenance of mitochondrial genome distribution by mitochondrial AAA+ protein ClpX. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2335-43. [PMID: 22841477 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The segregation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is important for the maintenance and transmission of the genome between generations. Recently, we clarified that human mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is required for equal distribution and symmetric segregation of mtDNA in cultured cells; however, the molecular mechanism involved is largely unknown. ClpX is an ATPase associated with various cellular activities (AAA+) proteins that localize to the mitochondrial matrix and is suggested to associate with mtDNA. In this study, we found that RNAi-mediated knockdown of ClpX in HeLa cells resulted in enlarged mtDNA nucleoids, which is very similar to that observed in TFAM-knockdown cells in several properties. The expression of TFAM protein was not significantly reduced in ClpX-knockdown cells. However, the enlarged mtDNA nucleoids caused by ClpX-knockdown were suppressed by overexpression of recombinant TFAM and the phenotype was not observed in knockdown with ClpP, a protease subunit of ClpXP. Endogenous ClpX and TFAM exist in close vicinity, and ClpX enhanced DNA-binding activity of TFAM in vitro. These results suggest that human ClpX, a novel mtDNA regulator, maintains mtDNA nucleoid distribution through TFAM function as a chaperone rather than as a protease and its involvement in mtDNA segregation.
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33
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Bess AS, Crocker TL, Ryde IT, Meyer JN. Mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy aid in removal of persistent mitochondrial DNA damage in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:7916-31. [PMID: 22718972 PMCID: PMC3439916 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria lack the ability to repair certain helix-distorting lesions that are induced at high levels in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by important environmental genotoxins and endogenous metabolites. These lesions are irreparable and persistent in the short term, but their long-term fate is unknown. We report that removal of such mtDNA damage is detectable by 48 h in Caenorhabditis elegans, and requires mitochondrial fusion, fission and autophagy, providing genetic evidence for a novel mtDNA damage removal pathway. Furthermore, mutations in genes involved in these processes as well as pharmacological inhibition of autophagy exacerbated mtDNA damage-mediated larval arrest, illustrating the in vivo relevance of removal of persistent mtDNA damage. Mutations in genes in these pathways exist in the human population, demonstrating the potential for important gene-environment interactions affecting mitochondrial health after genotoxin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Bess
- Duke University, Nicholas School of Environment, Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, LSRC, PO Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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34
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Pohjoismäki JLO, Boettger T, Liu Z, Goffart S, Szibor M, Braun T. Oxidative stress during mitochondrial biogenesis compromises mtDNA integrity in growing hearts and induces a global DNA repair response. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:6595-607. [PMID: 22508755 PMCID: PMC3413112 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte development in mammals is characterized by a transition from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth soon after birth. The rise of cardiomyocyte cell mass in postnatal life goes along with a proportionally bigger increase in the mitochondrial mass in response to growing energy requirements. Relatively little is known about the molecular processes regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance during developmental cardiac hypertrophy. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling revealed the activation of transcriptional regulatory circuits controlling mitochondrial biogenesis in growing rat hearts. In particular, we detected a specific upregulation of factors involved in mtDNA expression and translation. More surprisingly, we found a specific upregulation of DNA repair proteins directly linked to increased oxidative damage during heart mitochondrial biogenesis, but only relatively minor changes in the mtDNA replication machinery. Our study paves the way for improved understanding of mitochondrial biogenesis, mtDNA maintenance and physiological adaptation processes in the heart and provides the first evidence for the recruitment of nucleotide excision repair proteins to mtDNA in cardiomyocytes upon DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko L O Pohjoismäki
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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35
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Fang HY, Chen CY, Chiou SH, Wang YT, Lin TY, Chang HW, Chiang IP, Lan KJ, Chow KC. Overexpression of optic atrophy 1 protein increases cisplatin resistance via inactivation of caspase-dependent apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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Increased cellular accumulation and distribution of amrubicin contribute to its activity in anthracycline-resistant cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:965-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Abstract
p53 regulates the cell cycle and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair pathways as part of its unequivocally important function to maintain genomic stability. Intriguingly, recent studies show that p53 can also transactivate genes involved in coordinating the two major pathways of energy generation to promote aerobic metabolism, but how this serves to maintain genomic stability is less clear. In an attempt to understand the biology, this review presents human epidemiologic data on the inverse relationship between aerobic capacity and cancer incidence that appears to be mirrored by the impact of p53 on aerobic capacity in mouse models. The review summarizes mechanisms by which p53 regulates mitochondrial respiration and proposes how this might contribute to maintaining genomic stability. Although disparate in nature, the data taken together suggest that the promotion of aerobic metabolism by p53 serves as an important tumor suppressor activity and may provide insights for cancer prevention strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory U. Lago
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ho Joong Sung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, GyeongGi-Do, Korea
| | - Wenzhe Ma
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ping-yuan Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul M. Hwang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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38
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Iwaki S, Lu Y, Xie Z, Druey KM. p53 negatively regulates RGS13 protein expression in immune cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22219-26. [PMID: 21531726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.228924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RGS13, a member of the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family, inhibits G protein-coupled receptor signaling in B cells and mast cells (MCs) and suppresses IgE-antigen-induced MC degranulation and anaphylaxis. Although RGS13 expression is induced by immune receptor and chemokine receptor stimulation, the molecular regulation of RGS13 transcription is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of two p53 response elements (REs) in the regulation of RGS13 promoter activity and expression. We found that a 1000-bp DNA fragment upstream of the ATG translation start site (TSS) had promoter activity in reporter gene assays, and deletion or mutation of a p53-binding motif nearest the TSS abolished promoter activity. Notably, p53 bound to both REs in the RGS13 promoter in vivo as assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation, suggesting that the p53 RE most distal to the TSS is physiologically inactive. We detected reduced RGS13 expression in MCs exogenously expressing p53 or treated with doxorubicin, which induces genotoxic stress and leads to p53 accumulation. RNA silencing of p53 up-regulated RGS13 expression in B lymphocytes, and bone marrow-derived MCs from p53(-/-) mice had increased RGS13 expression. Finally, p53-depleted B cells with increased RGS13 expression had reduced Ca(2+) mobilization in response to sphingosine 1-phosphate. These studies indicate that p53 may modulate immune responses through suppression of RGS13 transcription in MCs and B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Iwaki
- Molecular Signal Transduction Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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39
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Kasashima K, Sumitani M, Endo H. Human mitochondrial transcription factor A is required for the segregation of mitochondrial DNA in cultured cells. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:210-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Papeta N, Zheng Z, Schon EA, Brosel S, Altintas MM, Nasr SH, Reiser J, D'Agati VD, Gharavi AG. Prkdc participates in mitochondrial genome maintenance and prevents Adriamycin-induced nephropathy in mice. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:4055-64. [PMID: 20978358 DOI: 10.1172/jci43721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adriamycin (ADR) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent that also produces significant tissue damage. Mutations to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and reductions in mtDNA copy number have been identified as contributors to ADR-induced injury. ADR nephropathy only occurs among specific mouse inbred strains, and this selective susceptibility to kidney injury maps as a recessive trait to chromosome 16A1-B1. Here, we found that sensitivity to ADR nephropathy in mice was produced by a mutation in the Prkdc gene, which encodes a critical nuclear DNA double-stranded break repair protein. This finding was confirmed in mice with independent Prkdc mutations. Overexpression of Prkdc in cultured mouse podocytes significantly improved cell survival after ADR treatment. While Prkdc protein was not detected in mitochondria, mice with Prkdc mutations showed marked mtDNA depletion in renal tissue upon ADR treatment. To determine whether Prkdc participates in mtDNA regulation, we tested its genetic interaction with Mpv17, which encodes a mitochondrial protein mutated in human mtDNA depletion syndromes (MDDSs). While single mutant mice were asymptomatic, Prkdc/Mpv17 double-mutant mice developed mtDNA depletion and recapitulated many MDDS and ADR injury phenotypes. These findings implicate mtDNA damage in the development of ADR toxicity and identify Prkdc as a MDDS modifier gene and a component of the mitochondrial genome maintenance pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Papeta
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H, Tsutsui H, Ide T, Suomalainen A. High mitochondrial DNA copy number has detrimental effects in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:2695-705. [PMID: 20413656 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an essential multicopy genome, compacted into protein-DNA clusters called nucleoids. Maintaining an adequate mtDNA copy number is crucial for cellular viability. Loss of mtDNA results in severe human syndromes, whereas increased mtDNA copy number has been suggested to improve survival from myocardial infarction in mice and to be a promising therapeutic strategy for mitochondrial disease. The mechanisms that regulate mtDNA amount and organization are, however, not fully understood. Of the proteins required for mtDNA existence, only the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) have been shown to increase mtDNA copy number in vivo, when expressed in physiological levels. Here we studied how Twinkle and TFAM affect mtDNA synthesis and nucleoid structure in mice. Using in vivo BrdU labeling, we show that Twinkle specifically regulates de novo mtDNA synthesis. Remarkably, high mtDNA copy number in mice is accompanied by nucleoid enlargement, which in turn correlates with defective transcription, age-related accumulation of mtDNA deletions and respiratory chain (RC) deficiency. Simultaneous overexpression of Twinkle and TFAM in bitransgenic mice has an additive effect on mtDNA copy number, increasing it up to 6-fold in skeletal muscle. Bitransgenic mice also exhibit further enlargement of nucleoids and aggravation of the RC defect. In conclusion, we show that Twinkle acts as a regulator of mtDNA replication initiation, and provide evidence that high mtDNA copy number and alteration of nucleoid architecture may be detrimental to mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Ylikallio
- Biomedicum Helsinki, Research Program of Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, and Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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42
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Animal models of mitochondrial DNA transactions in disease and ageing. Exp Gerontol 2010; 45:489-502. [PMID: 20123011 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transactions, processes that include mtDNA replication, repair, recombination and transcription constitute the initial stages of mitochondrial biogenesis, and are at the core of understanding mitochondrial biology and medicine. All of the protein players are encoded in nuclear genes: some are proteins with well-known functions in the nucleus, others are well-known mitochondrial proteins now ascribed new functions, and still others are newly discovered factors. In this article we review recent advances in the field of mtDNA transactions with a special focus on physiological studies. In particular, we consider the expression of variant proteins, or altered expression of factors involved in these processes in powerful model organisms, such as Drosophila melanogaster and the mouse, which have promoted recognition of the broad relevance of oxidative phosphorylation defects resulting from improper maintenance of mtDNA. Furthermore, the animal models recapitulate many phenotypes related to human ageing and a variety of different diseases, a feature that has enhanced our understanding of, and inspired theories about, the molecular mechanisms of such biological processes.
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