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Sun J, Chang J, Guo Z, Sun H, Xu J, Liu X, Sun W. Proteomics Analysis of Renal Cell Line Caki-2 with AFMID Overexpression and Potential Biomarker Discovery in Urine. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 39213636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic caninurine formamase (AFMID) is an enzyme involved in the tryptophan pathway, metabolizing N-formylkynurenine to kynurenine. AFMID had been found significantly downregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in both tissue and urine samples. Although ccRCC is characterized by a typical Warburg-like phenotype, mitochondrial dysfunction, and elevated fat deposition, it is unknown whether AFMID plays a role in tumorigenesis and the development of ccRCC. In the present study, AFMID overexpression had inhibitory effects for ccRCC cells, decreasing the rate of cell proliferation. Quantitative proteomics showed that AFMID overexpression altered cellular signaling pathways involved in cell growth and cellular metabolism pathways, including lipid metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism. Further urine proteomic analysis indicated that cellular function dysfunction with AFMID overexpression could be reflected in the urine. The activity of predicted upregulators DDX58, TREX1, TGFB1, SMARCA4, and TNF in ccRCC cells and urine showed opposing change trends. Potential urinary biomarkers were tentatively discovered and further validated using an independent cohort. The protein panel of APOC3, UMOD, and CILP achieved an AUC value of 0.862 for the training cohort and 0.883 for the validation cohort. The present study is of significance in terms of highlighting various aspects of pathway changes associated with AFMID enzymes, discovering potential specific biomarkers for potential patient diagnosis, and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Sun
- Core Instrument Facility, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jinchun Chang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences,7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
- School of Health, Quanzhou Medical College, No. 2 Anji Road, Luojiang District, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province 362011, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Core Instrument Facility, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Core Instrument Facility, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Core Instrument Facility, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Core Instrument Facility, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Instrument Facility, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
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Yan L, Shi J, Zhu J. Cellular and molecular events in colorectal cancer: biological mechanisms, cell death pathways, drug resistance and signalling network interactions. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:294. [PMID: 39031216 PMCID: PMC11265098 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, affecting millions each year. It emerges from the colon or rectum, parts of the digestive system, and is closely linked to both genetic and environmental factors. In CRC, genetic mutations such as APC, KRAS, and TP53, along with epigenetic changes like DNA methylation and histone modifications, play crucial roles in tumor development and treatment responses. This paper delves into the complex biological underpinnings of CRC, highlighting the pivotal roles of genetic alterations, cell death pathways, and the intricate network of signaling interactions that contribute to the disease's progression. It explores the dysregulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and other cell death mechanisms, underscoring the aberrant activation of these pathways in CRC. Additionally, the paper examines how mutations in key molecular pathways, including Wnt, EGFR/MAPK, and PI3K, fuel CRC development, and how these alterations can serve as both diagnostic and prognostic markers. The dual function of autophagy in CRC, acting as a tumor suppressor or promoter depending on the context, is also scrutinized. Through a comprehensive analysis of cellular and molecular events, this research aims to deepen our understanding of CRC and pave the way for more effective diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Medical Department, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang Affiliated to University of South China, Shaoyang, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang Affiliated to University of South China, Shaoyang, China
| | - Jiazuo Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xuancheng City Central Hospital, No. 117 Tong Road, Xuancheng, Anhui, China.
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3
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Caramaschi S, Mangogna A, Bertoni L, Manfredini M, Farnetani F, Parente P, Attino V, Cazzato G, Salviato T, Pellacani G, Reggiani Bonetti L. High charge of cerebroid nests in nodular melanomas predicts tumor aggressiveness and high mutational tumoral burden: a pilot study. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1336895. [PMID: 39099686 PMCID: PMC11294109 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1336895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Even today, melanoma is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a high mortality rate. The nodular type is very aggressive and has cerebroid nests of melanocytes (CNMs) at the growth edge, morphologically similar to the poorly differentiated neoplastic epithelial cell clusters described in colorectal, breast, and endometrioid endometrial cancers. Patients and methods We selected 25 nodular melanomas (NMs) with known molecular profiles, of which the entire paraffin-embedded lesion was available. We counted CNMs under a microscopic at a magnification of 20x (i.e., a microscopic field with a major axis of 1 mm). Based on the number of CNMs in the area, melanomas were classified into three groups: G1 (CNMs ranging from 0 to 4), G2 (CNMs ranging from 5 to 9), and G3 (CNMs ≥ 10). The presence of CNMs and their counts were compared with molecular and histopathological data. Results Seventeen (NMs) were grouped as G1 (68%), 5 as G2 (20%), and 3 as G3 (12%) based on CNMs count. The presence of CNMs correlated with epithelioid cell morphology (p < 0.05), Clark IV and V levels (p < 0.05), vascular invasion (p < 0.05), and biological mutants (p < 0.05). Melanomas with ≥ 10 CNMs more frequently show ulceration (p < 0.02) and the BRAF V600E mutation (p < 0.02). Conclusion CNMs count has a predictive role regardless of tumor size; their association with the BRAF V600E mutation suggests their predictive significance in response to biologics. However, further investigations are needed to strengthen this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Caramaschi
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute of Pathologic Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Manfredini
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Farnetani
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Parente
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vito Attino
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Reggiani Bonetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
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Beyer JN, Serebrenik YV, Toy K, Najar MA, Raniszewski NR, Shalem O, Burslem GM. Intracellular Protein Editing to Enable Incorporation of Non-Canonical Residues into Endogenous Proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.08.602493. [PMID: 39026884 PMCID: PMC11257474 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.08.602493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The ability to study proteins in a cellular context is crucial to our understanding of biology. Here, we report a new technology for "intracellular protein editing", drawing from intein- mediated protein splicing, genetic code expansion, and endogenous protein tagging. This protein editing approach enables us to rapidly and site specifically install residues and chemical handles into a protein of interest. We demonstrate the power of this protein editing platform to edit cellular proteins, inserting epitope peptides, protein-specific sequences, and non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs). Importantly, we employ an endogenous tagging approach to apply our protein editing technology to endogenous proteins with minimal perturbation. We anticipate that the protein editing technology presented here will be applied to a diverse set of problems, enabling novel experiments in live mammalian cells and therefore provide unique biological insights.
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Zhang AB, Zhang JY, Liu YP, Wang S, Bai JY, Sun LS, Li TJ. Clinicopathological characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma: A Bayesian network analysis. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:393-403. [PMID: 38777565 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to analyze the associations between clinicopathological characteristics and BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma (AM) patients and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four electronic databases were searched from 2010 to 2024. The search terms used were specific to BRAF and AM. Observational studies or randomized controlled trials were considered eligible. The incidence of BRAF mutation and corresponding clinicopathological features in AM patients were subjected to Bayesian network analyses and diagnostic accuracy evaluation. RESULTS A total of 937 AM patients from 20 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of BRAF mutations in AM patients was 72%. According to the Bayesian network analysis, BRAF mutations are more likely to occur in younger (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; credible interval [CrI]: 1.2-4.5), mandible site (OR, 3.6; 95% CrI: 2.7-5.2), and unicystic (OR, 1.6; 95% CrI: 1.1-2.4) AM patients. Similarly, higher diagnostic accuracy was found in the younger, mandible, and unicystic AM groups. CONCLUSIONS The incidence, risk, and diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutation in AM were greater in younger patients, those with mandible involvement, and those with unicystic AM than in patients with other clinicopathological features. In addition, there was a strong concordance in the diagnostic accuracy between molecular tests and immunohistochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Yun Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ping Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of stomatology, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Ying Bai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Sha Sun
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Jun Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing, China
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Koroleva EV, Ermolinskaya AL, Ignatovich ZV, Kornoushenko YV, Panibrat AV, Potkin VI, Andrianov AM. Design, in silico Evaluation, and Determination of Antitumor Activity of Potential Inhibitors Against Protein Kinases: Application to BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:1094-1108. [PMID: 38981703 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924060099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant progress made over the past two decades in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), there is still an unmet need for effective and safe agents to treat patients with resistance and intolerance to the drugs used in clinic. In this work, we designed 2-arylaminopyrimidine amides of isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid, assessed in silico their inhibitory potential against Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, and determined their antitumor activity in K562 (CML), HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia), and HeLa (cervical cancer) cells. Based on the analysis of computational and experimental data, three compounds with the antitumor activity against K562 and HL-60 cells were identified. The lead compound efficiently suppressed the growth of these cells, as evidenced by the low IC50 values of 2.8 ± 0.8 μM (K562) and 3.5 ± 0.2 μM (HL-60). The obtained compounds represent promising basic structures for the design of novel, effective, and safe anticancer drugs able to inhibit the catalytic activity of Bcr-Abl kinase by blocking the ATP-binding site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Koroleva
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Republic of Belarus
| | - Anastasiya L Ermolinskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Republic of Belarus
| | - Zhanna V Ignatovich
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Republic of Belarus
| | - Yury V Kornoushenko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Republic of Belarus
| | - Alesia V Panibrat
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Republic of Belarus
| | - Vladimir I Potkin
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - Alexander M Andrianov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220141, Republic of Belarus.
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Halder P, Rai A, Talukdar V, Das P, Lakkaniga NR. Pyrazolopyridine-based kinase inhibitors for anti-cancer targeted therapy. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1452-1470. [PMID: 38784451 PMCID: PMC11110789 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The need for effective cancer treatments continues to be a challenge for the biomedical research community. In this case, the advent of targeted therapy has significantly improved therapeutic outcomes. Drug discovery and development efforts targeting kinases have resulted in the approval of several small-molecule anti-cancer drugs based on ATP-mimicking heterocyclic cores. Pyrazolopyridines are a group of privileged heterocyclic cores in kinase drug discovery, which are present in several inhibitors that have been developed against various cancers. Notably, selpercatinib, glumetinib, camonsertib and olverembatinib have either received approval or are in late-phase clinical studies. This review presents the success stories employing pyrazolopyridine scaffolds as hinge-binding cores to address various challenges in kinase-targeted drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Halder
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad India
| | - Anubhav Rai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad India
| | - Vishal Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad India
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad India
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Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, Mahgoub S, Ibrahim HA, Ibrahim Elberri A, Abo Mansour HE, Mosalam EM, Moglad E, Alzahraa Mokhtar F. Dioon rzedowskii: An antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer plant extract with multi-faceted effects on cell growth and molecular signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111957. [PMID: 38554441 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial properties of Dioon rzedowskii extract, which had not been previously explored. We aimed to determine the extract's effect on liver and breast cancer cell lines and on solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) mouse model to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Three female albino mice groups were established: a tumor control group, a group treated with 100 mg/kg of the extract (D100), and a group treated with 200 mg/kg of the extract (D200) for 16 days after tumor development. Results showed that the D. rzedowskii extract inhibited cell growth in both MCF-7 and HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. This was achieved by suppressing the cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. The extract also improved liver, heart, and kidney functions compared to the tumor control. Furthermore, oral administration of the extract reduced tumor volume and alleviated oxidative stress in tumor tissue. The anticancer effects were associated with overexpression of p53 and Bax and downregulation of cyclin D1 expression, which was attributed to decreased phosphorylated MAPK kinases. Additionally, D. rzedowskii exhibited antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae isolated from cancer patients. The extract inhibited bacterial growth and reduced the membrane integrity. The study suggests that D. rzedowskii has promising potential as an adjunctive therapy for cancer treatment. Further investigations are needed to explore its combined anticancer efficacy. These results emphasize the value of natural products in developing compounds with potential anticancer activity and support a paradigm shift in cancer management to improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Sebaey Mahgoub
- Food Analysis Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanaa A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Aya Ibrahim Elberri
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Hend E Abo Mansour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin EL-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Esraa M Mosalam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, 32511 Shebin EL-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida 44813, Sharkia, Egypt; Fujairah Research Centre, Sakamkam Road, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Timofeev O, Giron P, Lawo S, Pichler M, Noeparast M. ERK pathway agonism for cancer therapy: evidence, insights, and a target discovery framework. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:70. [PMID: 38485987 PMCID: PMC10940698 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
At least 40% of human cancers are associated with aberrant ERK pathway activity (ERKp). Inhibitors targeting various effectors within the ERKp have been developed and explored for over two decades. Conversely, a substantial body of evidence suggests that both normal human cells and, notably to a greater extent, cancer cells exhibit susceptibility to hyperactivation of ERKp. However, this vulnerability of cancer cells remains relatively unexplored. In this review, we reexamine the evidence on the selective lethality of highly elevated ERKp activity in human cancer cells of varying backgrounds. We synthesize the insights proposed for harnessing this vulnerability of ERK-associated cancers for therapeutical approaches and contextualize these insights within established pharmacological cancer-targeting models. Moreover, we compile the intriguing preclinical findings of ERK pathway agonism in diverse cancer models. Lastly, we present a conceptual framework for target discovery regarding ERKp agonism, emphasizing the utilization of mutual exclusivity among oncogenes to develop novel targeted therapies for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Giron
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research group Genetics, Reproduction and Development, Centre for Medical Genetics, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steffen Lawo
- CRISPR Screening Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Pichler
- Translational Oncology, II. Med Clinics Hematology and Oncology, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Noeparast
- Translational Oncology, II. Med Clinics Hematology and Oncology, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
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10
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Acharya B, Saha D, Armstrong D, Jabali B, Hanafi M, Herrera-Rueda A, Lakkaniga NR, Frett B. Kinase inhibitor macrocycles: a perspective on limiting conformational flexibility when targeting the kinome with small molecules. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:399-415. [PMID: 38389874 PMCID: PMC10880908 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00457k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods utilized for drug discovery and development within the kinome have rapidly evolved since the approval of imatinib, the first small molecule kinase inhibitor. Macrocycles have received increasing interest as a technique to improve kinase inhibitor drug properties evident by the FDA approvals of lorlatinib, pacritinib, and repotrectinib. Compared to their acyclic counterparts, macrocycles can possess improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. This review highlights clinical success stories when implementing macrocycles in kinase-based drug discovery and showcases that macrocyclization is a clinically validated drug discovery strategy when targeting the kinome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baku Acharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Debasmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
- Conrad Prebys Centre for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute San Diego CA USA
| | - Daniel Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Baha'a Jabali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Maha Hanafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo 11526 Egypt
| | - Alan Herrera-Rueda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad India
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
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11
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Sabt A, Khedr MA, Eldehna WM, Elshamy AI, Abdelhameed MF, Allam RM, Batran RZ. New pyrazolylindolin-2-one based coumarin derivatives as anti-melanoma agents: design, synthesis, dual BRAF V600E/VEGFR-2 inhibition, and computational studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5907-5925. [PMID: 38370458 PMCID: PMC10870110 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00157e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most invasive skin cancer with the highest risk of death. The inhibition of BRAFV600E appears relevant for overcoming secondary resistance developed during melanoma treatment. BRAFV600E triggers angiogenesis via modification of the expression of angiogenic inducers, which play a crucial role in the metastasis of melanoma. Accordingly, the dual inhibition of the BRAFV600E/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway is considered a rational approach in the design of anti-melanoma candidates. In this study, a new class of pyrazolylindolin-2-one linked coumarin derivatives as dual BRAFV600E/VEGFR-2 inhibitors targeting A375 melanoma cells was designed. Target compounds were tailored to occupy the pockets of BRAFV600E and VEGFR-2. Most of the synthesized compounds demonstrated potent mean growth inhibitory activity against A375 cells. Compound 4j was the most active cytotoxic derivative, displaying an IC50 value at a low micromolar concentration of 0.96 μM with a significant safety profile. Moreover, 4j showed dual potent inhibitory activity against BRAFV600E and VEGFR-2 (IC50 = 1.033 and 0.64 μM, respectively) and was more active than the reference drug sorafenib. Furthermore, derivative 4j caused significant G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis, and inhibited the migration of melanoma cells. Molecular docking showed that compound 4j achieved the highest ΔG value of -9.5 kcal mol-1 against BRAFV600E and significant ΔG of -8.47 kcal mol-1 against VEGFR-2. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationship study revealed that TPSA directly contributed to the anticancer activity of the tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kuwait University Safat 13110 Kuwait
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University 11795 Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh 33516 Egypt
| | - Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Abdelhameed
- Pharmacology Department, Medical and Clinical Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Rasha M Allam
- Pharmacology Department, Medical and Clinical Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Rasha Z Batran
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
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12
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Mushtaq A, Wu P, Naseer MM. Recent drug design strategies and identification of key heterocyclic scaffolds for promising anticancer targets. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 254:108579. [PMID: 38160914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, a noncommunicable disease, is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and is anticipated to rise by 75% in the next two decades, reaching approximately 25 million cases. Traditional cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy and surgery, have shown limited success in reducing cancer incidence. As a result, the focus of cancer chemotherapy has switched to the development of novel small molecule antitumor agents as an alternate strategy for combating and managing cancer rates. Heterocyclic compounds are such agents that bind to specific residues in target proteins, inhibiting their function and potentially providing cancer treatment. This review focuses on privileged heterocyclic pharmacophores with potent activity against carbonic anhydrases and kinases, which are important anticancer targets. Evaluation of ongoing pre-clinical and clinical research of heterocyclic compounds with potential therapeutic value against a variety of malignancies as well as the provision of a concise summary of the role of heterocyclic scaffolds in various chemotherapy protocols have also been discussed. The main objective of the article is to highlight key heterocyclic scaffolds involved in recent anticancer drug design that demands further attention from the drug development community to find more effective and safer targeted small-molecule anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Peng Wu
- Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Muhammad Moazzam Naseer
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Chemical Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
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13
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Raj AK, Lokhande KB, Prasad TK, Nandangiri R, Choudhary S, Pal JK, Sharma NK. Intracellular Ellagic Acid Derived from Goat Urine DMSO Fraction (GUDF) Predicted as an Inhibitor of c-Raf Kinase. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:264-279. [PMID: 36642883 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230113141032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary chemicals and their gut-metabolized products are explored for their anti-proliferative and pro-cell death effects. Dietary and metabolized chemicals are different from ruminants such as goats over humans. METHODS Loss of cell viability and induction of death due to goat urine DMSO fraction (GUDF) derived chemicals were assessed by routine in vitro assays upon MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Intracellular metabolite profiling of MCF-7 cells treated with goat urine DMSO fraction (GUDF) was performed using an in-house designed vertical tube gel electrophoresis (VTGE) assisted methodology, followed by LC-HRMS. Next, identified intracellular dietary chemicals such as ellagic acid were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against transducers of the c-Raf signaling pathway employing molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. RESULTS GUDF treatment upon MCF-7 cells displayed significant loss of cell viability and induction of cell death. A set of dietary and metabolized chemicals in the intracellular compartment of MCF-7 cells, such as ellagic acid, 2-hydroxymyristic acid, artelinic acid, 10-amino-decanoic acid, nervonic acid, 2,4-dimethyl-2-eicosenoic acid, 2,3,4'- Trihydroxy,4-Methoxybenzophenone and 9-amino-nonanoic acid were identified. Among intracellular dietary chemicals, ellagic acid displayed a strong inhibitory affinity (-8.7 kcal/mol) against c-Raf kinase. The inhibitory potential of ellagic acid was found to be significantly comparable with a known c-Raf kinase inhibitor sorafenib with overlapping inhibitory site residues (ARG450, GLU425, TRP423, VA403). CONCLUSION Intracellular dietary-derived chemicals such as ellagic acid are suggested for the induction of cell death in MCF-7 cells. Ellagic acid is predicted as an inhibitor of c-Raf kinase and could be explored as an anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Raj
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Kiran Bharat Lokhande
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Tanay Kondapally Prasad
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Rasika Nandangiri
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Sumitra Choudhary
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Pal
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
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14
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Jiang B, Zheng Y, She D, Xing Z, Cao D. MRI characteristics predict BRAF V600E status in gangliogliomas and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas and provide survival prognostication. Acta Radiol 2024; 65:33-40. [PMID: 37401109 DOI: 10.1177/02841851231183868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF V600E mutation is a common genomic alteration in gangliogliomas (GGs) and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) with prognostic and therapeutic implications. PURPOSE To investigate the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to predict BRAF V600E status in GGs and PXAs and their prognostic values. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cohort of 44 patients with histologically confirmed GGs and PXAs was reviewed retrospectively. BRAF V600E status was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Demographics and MRI characteristics of the two groups were evaluated and compared. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify MRI features that were prognostic for progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS T1/FLAIR ratio, enhancing margin, and mean relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADCmea) value showed significant differences between the BRAF V600E-mutant and BRAF V600E-wild groups (all P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed only rADCmea value was the independent predictive factor for BRAF V600E status (P = 0.027). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed age at diagnosis (P = 0.032), WHO grade (P = 0.020), enhancing margin (P = 0.029), and rADCmea value (P = 0.005) were significant prognostic factors for PFS. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, increasing age (P = 0.040, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.002-1.079) and lower rADCmea values (P = 0.021, HR = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.002-0.602) were associated with poor PFS in GGs and PXAs. CONCLUSION Imaging features are potentially predictive of BRAF V600E status in GGs and PXAs. Furthermore, rADCmea value is a valuable prognostic factor for patients with GGs or PXAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yingyan Zheng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Dejun She
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhen Xing
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Dairong Cao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, PR China
- Department of Radiology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, PR China
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15
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Tariq M, Ikeya T, Togashi N, Fairall L, Kamei S, Mayooramurugan S, Abbott LR, Hasan A, Bueno-Alejo C, Sukegawa S, Romartinez-Alonso B, Muro Campillo MA, Hudson AJ, Ito Y, Schwabe JW, Dominguez C, Tanaka K. Structural insights into the complex of oncogenic KRas4B G12V and Rgl2, a RalA/B activator. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302080. [PMID: 37833074 PMCID: PMC10576006 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
About a quarter of total human cancers carry mutations in Ras isoforms. Accumulating evidence suggests that small GTPases, RalA, and RalB, and their activators, Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RalGEFs), play an essential role in oncogenic Ras-induced signalling. We studied the interaction between human KRas4B and the Ras association (RA) domain of Rgl2 (Rgl2RA), one of the RA-containing RalGEFs. We show that the G12V oncogenic KRas4B mutation changes the interaction kinetics with Rgl2RA The crystal structure of the KRas4BG12V: Rgl2RA complex shows a 2:2 heterotetramer where the switch I and switch II regions of each KRasG12V interact with both Rgl2RA molecules. This structural arrangement is highly similar to the HRasE31K:RALGDSRA crystal structure and is distinct from the well-characterised Ras:Raf complex. Interestingly, the G12V mutation was found at the dimer interface of KRas4BG12V with its partner. Our study reveals a potentially distinct mode of Ras:effector complex formation by RalGEFs and offers a possible mechanistic explanation for how the oncogenic KRas4BG12V hyperactivates the RalA/B pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Tariq
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Teppei Ikeya
- https://ror.org/00ws30h19 Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Togashi
- https://ror.org/00ws30h19 Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Louise Fairall
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Leicester Institute of Structure and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Shun Kamei
- https://ror.org/00ws30h19 Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Sannojah Mayooramurugan
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Lauren R Abbott
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anab Hasan
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Carlos Bueno-Alejo
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Leicester Institute of Structure and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sakura Sukegawa
- https://ror.org/00ws30h19 Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Beatriz Romartinez-Alonso
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Leicester Institute of Structure and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Miguel Angel Muro Campillo
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew J Hudson
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Leicester Institute of Structure and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Yutaka Ito
- https://ror.org/00ws30h19 Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - John Wr Schwabe
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Leicester Institute of Structure and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Cyril Dominguez
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Leicester Institute of Structure and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kayoko Tanaka
- https://ror.org/04h699437 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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16
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Bahar ME, Kim HJ, Kim DR. Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:455. [PMID: 38105263 PMCID: PMC10725898 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying metastasis, chemoresistance, and the mechanistic backgrounds of individuals whose cancers are prone to migration. The most prevalent signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, encompassing the RAS-RAF-MAPK kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. RAF kinase is a primary mediator of the MAPK pathway, responsible for the sequential activation of downstream targets, such as MEK and the transcription factor ERK, which control numerous cellular and physiological processes, including organism development, cell cycle control, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell survival, and death. Defects in this signaling cascade are associated with diseases such as cancer. RAF inhibitors (RAFi) combined with MEK blockers represent an FDA-approved therapeutic strategy for numerous RAF-mutant cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and thyroid cancer. However, the development of therapy resistance by cancer cells remains an important barrier. Autophagy, an intracellular lysosome-dependent catabolic recycling process, plays a critical role in the development of RAFi resistance in cancer. Thus, targeting RAF and autophagy could be novel treatment strategies for RAF-mutant cancers. In this review, we delve deeper into the mechanistic insights surrounding RAF kinase signaling in tumorigenesis and RAFi-resistance. Furthermore, we explore and discuss the ongoing development of next-generation RAF inhibitors with enhanced therapeutic profiles. Additionally, this review sheds light on the functional interplay between RAF-targeted therapies and autophagy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.
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Honar YS, Javaher S, Soleimani M, Zarebkohan A, Farhadihosseinabadi B, Tohidfar M, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M. Advanced stage, high-grade primary tumor ovarian cancer: a multi-omics dissection and biomarker prediction process. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17265. [PMID: 37828118 PMCID: PMC10570268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) incidence and mortality rates continue to escalate globally. Early detection of OC is challenging due to extensive metastases and the ambiguity of biomarkers in advanced High-Grade Primary Tumors (HGPTs). In the present study, we conducted an in-depth in silico analysis in OC cell lines using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray dataset with 53 HGPT and 10 normal samples. Differentially-Expressed Genes (DEGs) were also identified by GEO2r. A variety of analyses, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), ChIP enrichment analysis (ChEA), eXpression2Kinases (X2K) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA), elucidated signaling pathways, transcription factors (TFs), kinases, and proteome, respectively. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks were generated using STRING and Cytoscape, in which co-expression and hub genes were pinpointed by the cytoHubba plug-in. Validity of DEG analysis was achieved via Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Of note, KIAA0101, RAD51AP1, FAM83D, CEP55, PRC1, CKS2, CDCA5, NUSAP1, ECT2, and TRIP13 were found as top 10 hub genes; SIN3A, VDR, TCF7L2, NFYA, and FOXM1 were detected as predominant TFs in HGPTs; CEP55, PRC1, CKS2, CDCA5, and NUSAP1 were identified as potential biomarkers from hub gene clustering. Further analysis indicated hsa-miR-215-5p, hsa-miR-193b-3p, and hsa-miR-192-5p as key miRNAs targeting HGPT genes. Collectively, our findings spotlighted HGPT-associated genes, TFs, miRNAs, and pathways as prospective biomarkers, offering new avenues for OC diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousof Saeedi Honar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Saleh Javaher
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Marziye Soleimani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516661-4733, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
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18
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Mezi S, Botticelli A, Scagnoli S, Pomati G, Fiscon G, De Galitiis F, Di Pietro FR, Verkhovskaia S, Amirhassankhani S, Pisegna S, Gentile G, Simmaco M, Gohlke B, Preissner R, Marchetti P. The Impact of Drug-Drug Interactions on the Toxicity Profile of Combined Treatment with BRAF and MEK Inhibitors in Patients with BRAF-Mutated Metastatic Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4587. [PMID: 37760556 PMCID: PMC10526382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF and MEK inhibition is a successful strategy in managing BRAF-mutant melanoma, even if the treatment-related toxicity is substantial. We analyzed the role of drug-drug interactions (DDI) on the toxicity profile of anti-BRAF/anti-MEK therapy. METHODS In this multicenter, observational, and retrospective study, DDIs were assessed using Drug-PIN software (V 2/23). The association between the Drug-PIN continuous score or the Drug-PIN traffic light and the occurrence of treatment-related toxicities and oncological outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS In total, 177 patients with advanced BRAF-mutated melanoma undergoing BRAF/MEK targeted therapy were included. All grade toxicity was registered in 79% of patients. Cardiovascular toxicities occurred in 31 patients (17.5%). Further, 94 (55.9%) patients had comorbidities requiring specific pharmacological treatments. The median Drug-PIN score significantly increased when the target combination was added to the patient's home therapy (p-value < 0.0001). Cardiovascular toxicity was significantly associated with the Drug-PIN score (p-value = 0.048). The Drug-PIN traffic light (p = 0.00821) and the Drug-PIN score (p = 0.0291) were seen to be significant predictors of cardiotoxicity. Patients with low-grade vs. high-grade interactions showed a better prognosis regarding overall survival (OS) (p = 0.0045) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.012). The survival analysis of the subgroup of patients with cardiological toxicity demonstrated that patients with low-grade vs. high-grade DDIs had better outcomes in terms of OS (p = 0.0012) and a trend toward significance in PFS (p = 0.068). CONCLUSIONS DDIs emerged as a critical issue for the risk of treatment-related cardiovascular toxicity. Our findings support the utility of DDI assessment in melanoma patients treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mezi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Simone Scagnoli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological, and Anatomopathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Giulia Pomati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Giulia Fiscon
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering “Antonio Ruberti”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federica De Galitiis
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.D.G.); (F.R.D.P.); (S.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesca Romana Di Pietro
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.D.G.); (F.R.D.P.); (S.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Sofia Verkhovskaia
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.D.G.); (F.R.D.P.); (S.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Sasan Amirhassankhani
- Department of Urology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Palagi, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Simona Pisegna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Giovanna Gentile
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Laboratory and Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, ‘Sant’Andrea’ University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.G.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Laboratory and Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, ‘Sant’Andrea’ University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Bjoern Gohlke
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Physiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (B.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Robert Preissner
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Physiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (B.G.); (R.P.)
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.D.G.); (F.R.D.P.); (S.V.); (P.M.)
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19
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Veth TS, Francavilla C, Heck AJR, Altelaar M. Elucidating Fibroblast Growth Factor-Induced Kinome Dynamics Using Targeted Mass Spectrometry and Dynamic Modeling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100594. [PMID: 37328066 PMCID: PMC10368922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are paracrine or endocrine signaling proteins that, activated by their ligands, elicit a wide range of health and disease-related processes, such as cell proliferation and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The detailed molecular pathway dynamics that coordinate these responses have remained to be determined. To elucidate these, we stimulated MCF-7 breast cancer cells with either FGF2, FGF3, FGF4, FGF10, or FGF19. Following activation of the receptor, we quantified the kinase activity dynamics of 44 kinases using a targeted mass spectrometry assay. Our system-wide kinase activity data, supplemented with (phospho)proteomics data, reveal ligand-dependent distinct pathway dynamics, elucidate the involvement of not earlier reported kinases such as MARK, and revise some of the pathway effects on biological outcomes. In addition, logic-based dynamic modeling of the kinome dynamics further verifies the biological goodness-of-fit of the predicted models and reveals BRAF-driven activation upon FGF2 treatment and ARAF-driven activation upon FGF4 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Veth
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, and Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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20
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Koroleva EV, Kornoushenko YV, Karpenko AD, Bosko IP, Siniutsich JV, Ignatovich ZV, Andrianov AM. In silico design and computational evaluation of novel 2-arylaminopyrimidine-based compounds as potential multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitors: application for the native and mutant (T315I) Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:4065-4080. [PMID: 35470777 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2062784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An integrated computational approach to drug discovery was used to identify novel potential inhibitors of the native and mutant (T315I) Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, the enzyme playing a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This approach included i) design of chimeric molecules based on the 2-arylaminopyrimidine fragment, the main pharmacophore of the Abl kinase inhibitors imatinib and nilotinib used in the clinic for the CML treatment, ii) molecular docking of these compounds with the ATP-binding site of the native and mutant Abl kinase, iii) refinement of the ligand-binding poses by the quantum chemical method PM7, iv) molecular dynamics simulations of the ligand/Abl complexes, and v) prediction of the ligand/Abl binding affinity in terms of scoring functions of molecular docking, machine learning, quantum chemistry, and molecular dynamics. As a result, five top-ranking compounds able to effectively block the enzyme catalytic site were identified. According to the data obtained, these compounds exhibit close modes of binding to the Abl kinase active site that are mainly provided by hydrogen bonds and multiple van der Waals contacts. The identified compounds show high binding affinity to the native and mutant Abl kinase comparable with the one calculated for the FDA-approved kinase-targeted inhibitors imatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib used in the calculations as a positive control. The results obtained testify to the predicted drug candidates against CML may serve as good scaffolds for the design of novel anticancer agents able to target the ATP-binding pocket of the native and mutant Abl kinase.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Catalytic Domain
- Computer Simulation
- Drug Design
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Ligands
- Machine Learning
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Mutant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mutant Proteins/genetics
- Mutation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/chemistry
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Koroleva
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Yuri V Kornoushenko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Anna D Karpenko
- United Institute of Informatics Problems, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Ivan P Bosko
- United Institute of Informatics Problems, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Julia V Siniutsich
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Zhanna V Ignatovich
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Alexander M Andrianov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
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21
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Musheyev D, Miller E, Birnbaum N, Miller E, Erblich S, Schuck A, Alayev A. Inhibition of ERK signaling for treatment of ERRα positive TNBC. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283047. [PMID: 37163498 PMCID: PMC10171695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in particular, is an aggressive and highly metastatic type of breast cancer that does not respond to established targeted therapies and is associated with poor prognosis and worse survival. Previous studies identified a subgroup of triple-negative breast cancer patients with high expression of estrogen related receptor alpha (ERRα) that has better prognosis when treated with tamoxifen. We therefore set out to identify common targets of tamoxifen and ERRα in the context of TNBC using phosphoproteomic analysis. In this study, we discovered that phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) is regulated by tamoxifen as well as ERRα. Additionally, we showed that inhibition of MAPK signaling together with the use of a selective ERRα inverse agonist, XCT-790, leads to a significant upregulation of apoptosis and paves way for the therapeutic use of MAPK inhibitors for treatment of ERRα expressing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Musheyev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook Southampton Hospital, Southampton, New York, United States of America
| | - Esther Miller
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Natania Birnbaum
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elisheva Miller
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shoshana Erblich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Schuck
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anya Alayev
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States of America
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22
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Ebeling M, Scheurer M, Sakkas A, Pietzka S, Schramm A, Wilde F. BRAF inhibitors in BRAF V600E-mutated ameloblastoma: systematic review of rare cases in the literature. Med Oncol 2023; 40:163. [PMID: 37115331 PMCID: PMC10147738 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ameloblastoma in 66% of the cases harbor a somatic mutation of the "mitogen-activated protein kinase" signaling pathway (BRAF V600E). In V600E mutations, BRAF is in the permanent "on" state and relays the growth-promoting signals independently of the EGFR pathway. Therefore, mutant BRAF represents a target for handful of new drugs. METHODS We conducted a literature search, with the search terms "Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib, Ameloblastoma, and BRAF." These included seven case reports with nine patients who underwent monotherapy with Dabrafenib or Vemurafenib or combination therapy with Dabrafenib and Trametinib. RESULTS The patients age ranges from 10 years up to 86 years. The distribution of women and men is 4:5. Patients with an initial diagnosis of ameloblastoma, as well as recurrences or metastasized ameloblastoma were treated. Indications cover neoadjuvant therapy up to the use in metastasized patients in an irresectable state. Results ranging from "only" tumor size reduction to restitutio ad integrum. CONCLUSION We see the use of BRAF Inhibitors to reduce tumor size with consecutive surgical treatment as a reasonable option for therapy. However, we are aware that at present the data are based only on case reports with the longest follow-up of just 38 months. We encourage further clinical trials in the use of BRAF Inhibitors for selecting ameloblastoma patients in a multi-center setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Ebeling
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Mario Scheurer
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Andreas Sakkas
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pietzka
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Wilde
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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23
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Manzari Tavakoli G, Mirzapour MH, Razi S, Rezaei N. Targeting ferroptosis as a cell death pathway in Melanoma: From molecular mechanisms to skin cancer treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110215. [PMID: 37094541 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive form of human skin cancer, has been under investigation to reach the most efficient treatment. Surgical resection for early-diagnosed primary melanoma, targeted therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced/metastatic melanoma is the best clinical approach. Ferroptosis, a newly identified iron-dependent cell death pathway, which is morphologically and biochemically different from apoptosis and necrosis, has been reported to be involved in several cancers. Ferroptosis inducers could provide therapeutic options in case of resistance to conventional therapies for advanced/metastatic melanoma. Recently developed ferroptosis inducers, MEK and BRAF inhibitors, miRNAs such as miR-137 and miR-9, and novel strategies for targeting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II in melanoma can provide new opportunities for melanoma treatment. Combining ferroptosis inducers with targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors increases patient response rates. Here we review the mechanisms of ferroptosis and its environmental triggers. We also discuss the pathogenesis and current treatments of melanoma. Moreover, we aim to elucidate the relationship between ferroptosis and melanoma and ferroptosis implications to develop new therapeutic strategies against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Manzari Tavakoli
- Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirzapour
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Jaime-Garza M, Nowotny CA, Coutandin D, Wang F, Tabios M, Agard DA. Hsp90 provides a platform for kinase dephosphorylation by PP5. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2197. [PMID: 37069154 PMCID: PMC10110553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hsp90 molecular chaperone collaborates with the phosphorylated Cdc37 cochaperone for the folding and activation of its many client kinases. As with many kinases, the Hsp90 client kinase CRaf is activated by phosphorylation at specific regulatory sites. The cochaperone phosphatase PP5 dephosphorylates CRaf and Cdc37 in an Hsp90-dependent manner. Although dephosphorylating Cdc37 has been proposed as a mechanism for releasing Hsp90-bound kinases, here we show that Hsp90 bound kinases sterically inhibit Cdc37 dephosphorylation indicating kinase release must occur before Cdc37 dephosphorylation. Our cryo-EM structure of PP5 in complex with Hsp90:Cdc37:CRaf reveals how Hsp90 both activates PP5 and scaffolds its association with the bound CRaf to dephosphorylate phosphorylation sites neighboring the kinase domain. Thus, we directly show how Hsp90's role in maintaining protein homeostasis goes beyond folding and activation to include post translationally modifying its client kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maru Jaime-Garza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Carlos A Nowotny
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Daniel Coutandin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Mariano Tabios
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - David A Agard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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25
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Kollara A, Burt BD, Ringuette MJ, Brown TJ. The adaptor protein VEPH1 interacts with the kinase domain of ERBB2 and impacts EGF signaling in ovarian cancer cells. Cell Signal 2023; 106:110634. [PMID: 36828346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of ERBB2 and activating mutations in downstream KRAS/BRAF and PIK3CA are found in several ovarian cancer histotypes. ERBB2 enhances signaling by the ERBB family of EGF receptors, and contains docking positions for proteins that transduce signaling through multiple pathways. We identified the adaptor protein ventricular zone-expressed pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein 1 (VEPH1) as a potential interacting partner of ERBB2 in a screen of proteins co-immunoprecipitated with VEPH1. In this study, we confirm a VEPH1 - ERBB2 interaction by co-immunoprecipitation and biotin proximity labelling and show that VEPH1 interacts with the juxtamembrane-kinase domain of ERBB2. In SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, which bear a PIK3CA mutation and ERBB2 overexpression, ectopic VEPH1 expression enhanced EGF activation of ERK1/2, and mTORC2 activation of AKT. In contrast, in ES2 ovarian cancer cells, which bear a BRAFV600E mutation with VEPH1 amplification but low ERBB2 expression, loss of VEPH1 expression enabled further activation of ERK1/2 by EGF and enhanced EGF activation of AKT. VEPH1 expression in SKOV3 cells enhanced EGF-induced cell migration consistent with increased Snail2 and decreased E-cadherin levels. In comparison, loss of VEPH1 expression in ES2 cells led to decreased cell motility independent of EGF treatment despite higher levels of N-cadherin and Snail2. Importantly, we found that loss of VEPH1 expression rendered ES2 cells less sensitive to BRAF and MEK inhibition. This study extends the range of adaptor function of VEPH1 to ERBB2, and indicates VEPH1 has differential effects on EGF signaling in ovarian cancer cells that may be influenced by driver gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kollara
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health Systems, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian D Burt
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health Systems, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maurice J Ringuette
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theodore J Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health Systems, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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26
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Candido MF, Medeiros M, Veronez LC, Bastos D, Oliveira KL, Pezuk JA, Valera ET, Brassesco MS. Drugging Hijacked Kinase Pathways in Pediatric Oncology: Opportunities and Current Scenario. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020664. [PMID: 36839989 PMCID: PMC9966033 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancer is considered rare, corresponding to ~3% of all malignant neoplasms in the human population. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports a universal occurrence of more than 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants around the globe, and despite improvements in diagnosis, treatment and supportive care, one child dies of cancer every 3 min. Consequently, more efficient, selective and affordable therapeutics are still needed in order to improve outcomes and avoid long-term sequelae. Alterations in kinases' functionality is a trademark of cancer and the concept of exploiting them as drug targets has burgeoned in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry of the 21st century. Consequently, an increasing plethora of inhibitors has emerged. In the present study, the expression patterns of a selected group of kinases (including tyrosine receptors, members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways, coordinators of cell cycle progression, and chromosome segregation) and their correlation with clinical outcomes in pediatric solid tumors were accessed through the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and by a thorough search of published literature. To further illustrate the importance of kinase dysregulation in the pathophysiology of pediatric cancer, we analyzed the vulnerability of different cancer cell lines against their inhibition through the Cancer Dependency Map portal, and performed a search for kinase-targeted compounds with approval and clinical applicability through the CanSAR knowledgebase. Finally, we provide a detailed literature review of a considerable set of small molecules that mitigate kinase activity under experimental testing and clinical trials for the treatment of pediatric tumors, while discuss critical challenges that must be overcome before translation into clinical options, including the absence of compounds designed specifically for childhood tumors which often show differential mutational burdens, intrinsic and acquired resistance, lack of selectivity and adverse effects on a growing organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ferreira Candido
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Medeiros
- Regional Blood Center, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chain Veronez
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - David Bastos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla Laissa Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Departament of Biotechnology and Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, UNIAN/SP, São Paulo 04119-001, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-9144; Fax: +55-16-3315-4886
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27
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Molecular Heterogeneity in BRAF-Mutant Gliomas: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041268. [PMID: 36831610 PMCID: PMC9954401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, deciphering the alteration of molecular pathways in brain tumors has led to impressive changes in diagnostic refinement. Among the molecular abnormalities triggering and/or driving gliomas, alterations in the MAPK pathway reign supreme in the pediatric population, as it is encountered in almost all low-grade pediatric gliomas. Activating abnormalities in the MAPK pathway are also present in both pediatric and adult high-grade gliomas. Across those alterations, BRAF p.V600E mutations seem to define homogeneous groups of tumors in terms of prognosis. The recent development of small molecules inhibiting this pathway retains the attention of neurooncologists on BRAF-altered tumors, as conventional therapies showed no significant effect, nor prolonged efficiency on the high-grade or low-grade unresectable forms. Nevertheless, tumoral heterogeneity and especially molecular alteration(s) associated with MAPK-pathway abnormalities are not fully understood with respect to how they might lead to the specific dismal prognosis of those gliomas and/or affect their response to targeted therapies. This review is an attempt to provide comprehensive information regarding molecular alterations related to the aggressiveness modulation in BRAF-mutated gliomas and the current knowledge on how to use those targeted therapies in such situations.
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28
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Buyucek S, Coskun SK, Onal B, Gamsizkan M, Cangur S, Esbah O. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway and Infiltrating Urothelial Carcinoma. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2023; 42:65-77. [PMID: 36734953 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2022044380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase pathway is frequently searched for cancer causing mutations in tumors. Emerging targeted therapies are gleam of hope for them. Infiltrating urothelial carcinoma can have many morphological aspects according to their differentiation/variants. To evaluate KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations and HER2, EGFR, and p16 expression, we divided urothelial carcinomas into two groups: differentiated/variants (n = 12) and conventional (n = 12). We compared results with clinical, demographic, histopathologic features and survival rates. No statistically significant results could be obtained in the comparison of histopathologic properties/survival rates with mutation analysis and EGFR, HER2, and p16 status. Differentiated/variants urothelial carcinoma showed higher EGFR expression (P < 0.001). Glandular differentiation was the most frequent type, followed by squamous and sarcomatoid differentiation. We observed the most common mutation at KRAS with a propensity for urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation. More than one mutation/high protein expression was seen in some tumors. Targeted therapies for KRAS mutation can be effective at urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation. Heterologous expression of relevant proteins and genes can be a cause for targeted treatment obstacle. The determination of the molecular characters of tumors is a guide in creating targeted treatment algorithms and in choosing the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Buyucek
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, School of Medicine, Duzce University, Konuralp Campus, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Sinem Kantarcioglu Coskun
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, School of Medicine, Duzce University, Konuralp Campus, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Binnur Onal
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, School of Medicine, Duzce University, Konuralp Campus, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gamsizkan
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, School of Medicine, Duzce University, Konuralp Campus, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Sengul Cangur
- Department of Statistics, School of Medicine, Duzce University, Konuralp Campus, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Onur Esbah
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Duzce University, Konuralp Campus, Duzce, Turkey
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29
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Brayford S, Duly A, Teo WS, Dwarte T, Gonzales-Aloy E, Ma Z, McVeigh L, Failes TW, Arndt GM, McCarroll JA, Kavallaris M. βIII-tubulin suppression enhances the activity of Amuvatinib to inhibit cell proliferation in c-Met positive non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4455-4471. [PMID: 35946957 PMCID: PMC9972117 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer death. Resistance to therapy is a significant problem, highlighting the need to find new ways of sensitising tumour cells to therapeutic agents. βIII-tubulin is associated with aggressive tumours and chemotherapy resistance in a range of cancers including NSCLC. βIII-tubulin expression has been shown to impact kinase signalling in NSCLC cells. Here, we sought to exploit this interaction by identifying co-activity between βIII-tubulin suppression and small-molecule kinase inhibitors. To achieve this, a forced-genetics approach combined with a high-throughput drug screen was used. We show that activity of the multi-kinase inhibitor Amuvatinib (MP-470) is enhanced by βIII-tubulin suppression in independent NSCLC cell lines. We also show that this compound significantly inhibits cell proliferation among βIII-tubulin knockdown cells expressing the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met. Together, our results highlight that βIII-tubulin suppression combined with targeting specific receptor tyrosine kinases may represent a novel therapeutic approach for otherwise difficult-to-treat lung carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Brayford
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alastair Duly
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wee Siang Teo
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tanya Dwarte
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Estrella Gonzales-Aloy
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zerong Ma
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura McVeigh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy W Failes
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Greg M Arndt
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia.,ACRF Drug Discovery Centre for Childhood Cancer, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
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Oh KS, Mahalingam M. Melanoma and Glioblastoma-Not a Serendipitous Association. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:00125480-990000000-00051. [PMID: 36624550 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we came across a patient with malignant melanoma and primary glioblastoma. Given this, we parsed the literature to ascertain the relationship, if any, between these 2 malignancies. We begin with a brief overview of melanoma and glioma in isolation followed by a chronologic overview of case reports and epidemiologic studies documenting both neoplasms. This is followed by studies detailing genetic abnormalities common to both malignancies with a view to identifying unifying genetic targets for therapeutic strategies as well as to explore the possibility of a putative association and an inherited cancer susceptibility trait. From a scientific perspective, we believe we have provided evidence favoring an association between melanoma and glioma. Future studies that include documentation of additional cases, as well as a detailed molecular analyses, will lend credence to our hypothesis that the co-occurrence of these 2 conditions is likely not serendipitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shing Oh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
| | - Meera Mahalingam
- Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA-Integrated-Service-Network-1 (VISN1), West Roxbury, MA
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Kolagatla S, Jenkins JK, Elsoueidi J, Moka N. Surveillance of Isolated Colonic Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in an Adult: A Case Report. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2022; 10:23247096221141187. [PMID: 36444475 PMCID: PMC9716585 DOI: 10.1177/23247096221141187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder involving the proliferation of myeloid-derived dendritic cells. It most commonly affects children aged less than 1 to 2 years old. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults is more uncommon with an estimated incidence of 1 to 2 cases per 1 million. Langerhans cell histiocytosis can present as a multisystem or single-system disease involving bone, skin, lymph nodes, and various other organ systems. The spectrum of symptoms can range from asymptomatic disease, localized skeletal or dermatologic manifestations, or systemic symptoms of weight loss, fever, and other organ-specific manifestations. Langerhans cell histiocytosis with isolated involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is exceedingly rare with only approximately 14 cases reported in the English medical literature. Here, we report an additional case of LCH presenting as an isolated colonic polyp. This patient was also followed for a 3-year period after initial diagnosis to provide valuable follow-up data. With this case, we aim to contribute to the literature by further characterizing the presentation, treatment, and disease course of this rare phenomenon and provide valuable data to guide future screening guidelines for isolated LCH polyps in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua K. Jenkins
- Lincoln Memorial University–DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Harrogate, TN, USA,Joshua K. Jenkins, MS, Research, Lincoln Memorial University–DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, 6965 Cumberland Gap Parkway, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA.
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Potential Biomarkers and Signaling Pathways Associated with the Pathogenesis of Primary Ameloblastoma: A Systems Biology Approach. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:3316313. [PMID: 36160115 PMCID: PMC9507750 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3316313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor that may lead to ameloblastic carcinoma. This study aimed to determine potential signaling pathways and biological processes, critical genes and their regulating transcription factors (TFs), and miRNAs, as well as protein kinases involved in the etiology of primary ameloblastoma. Methods The dataset GSE132472 was obtained from the GEO database, and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in primary ameloblastoma tissues compared to the corresponding normal gingiva samples. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) map was built using the STRING database. The Cytoscape software identified significant modules and the hub genes within the PPI network. Gene Ontology annotation and signaling pathway analyses were executed by employing the DAVID and Reactome databases, respectively. Significant TFs and miRNAs acting on the hub genes were identified using the iRegulon plugin and MiRWalk 2.0 database, respectively. A protein kinase enrichment analysis was conducted using the online Kinase Enrichment Analysis 2 (KEA2) web server. The approved drugs acting on the hub genes were also found. Results A total of 1,629 genes were differentially expressed in primary ameloblastoma (P value <0.01 and |Log2FC| > 1). HRAS, CDK1, MAPK3, ERBB2, COL1A1, CYCS, and BRCA1 demonstrated high degree and betweenness centralities in the PPI network. E2F4 was the most significant TF acting on the hub genes. BTK was the protein kinase significantly enriched by the TFs. Cholesterol biosynthesis was considerably involved in primary ameloblastoma. Conclusions This study provides an intuition into the potential mechanisms involved in the etiology of ameloblastoma.
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USP7 regulates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway through deubiquitinating Raf-1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:698. [PMID: 35948545 PMCID: PMC9365811 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is one of the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in the ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) family. It is a key regulator of numerous cellular functions including immune response, cell cycle, DNA damage and repair, epigenetics, and several signaling pathways. USP7 acts by removing ubiquitin from the substrate proteins. USP7 also binds to a specific binding motif of substrate proteins having the [P/A/E]-X-X-S or K-X-X-X-K protein sequences. To date, numerous substrate proteins of USP7 have been identified, but no studies have been conducted using the binding motif that USP7 binds. In the current study, we analyzed putative substrate proteins of USP7 through the [P/A/E]-X-X-S and K-X-X-X-K binding motifs using bioinformatics tools, and confirmed that Raf-1 is one of the substrates for USP7. USP7 binds to the Pro-Val-Asp-Ser (PVDS) motif of the conserved region 2 (CR2) which contains phosphorylation sites of Raf-1 and decreased M1-, K6-, K11-, K27-, K33-, and K48-linked polyubiquitination of Raf-1. We further identified that the DUB activity of USP7 decreases the threonine phosphorylation level of Raf-1 and inhibits signaling transduction through Raf activation. This regulatory mechanism inhibits the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the G2/M transition and the cell proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells. In summary, our results indicate that USP7 deubiquitinates Raf-1 and is a new regulator of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma.
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HO-1 Limits the Efficacy of Vemurafenib/PLX4032 in BRAF V600E Mutated Melanoma Cells Adapted to Physiological Normoxia or Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061171. [PMID: 35740068 PMCID: PMC9219655 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) favors immune-escape in BRAFV600 melanoma cells treated with Vemurafenib/PLX4032 under standard cell culture conditions. However, the oxygen tension under standard culture conditions (~18 kPa O2) is significantly higher than the physiological oxygen levels encountered in vivo. In addition, cancer cells in vivo are often modified by hypoxia. In this study, MeOV-1 primary melanoma cells bearing the BRAFV600E mutation, were adapted to either 5 kPa O2 (physiological normoxia) or 1 kPa O2 (hypoxia) and then exposed to 10 μM PLX4032. PLX4032 abolished ERK phosphorylation, reduced Bach1 expression and increased HO-1 levels independent of pericellular O2 tension. Moreover, cell viability was significantly reduced further in cells exposed to PLX4032 plus Tin mesoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor. Notably, our findings provide the first evidence that HO-1 inhibition in combination with PLX4032 under physiological oxygen tension and hypoxia restores and increases the expression of the NK ligands ULBP3 and B7H6 compared to cells exposed to PLX4032 alone. Interestingly, although silencing NRF2 prevented PLX4032 induction of HO-1, other NRF2 targeted genes were unaffected, highlighting a pivotal role of HO-1 in melanoma resistance and immune escape. The present findings may enhance translation and highlight the potential of the HO-1 inhibitors in the therapy of BRAFV600 melanomas.
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Hu JM, Chang YL, Hsieh CC, Huang SM. The Synergistic Cytotoxic Effects of GW5074 and Sorafenib by Impacting Mitochondrial Functions in Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925653. [PMID: 35747833 PMCID: PMC9209736 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in the United States for incidence or mortality. Surgical resection is the primary treatment for patients at an early stage, while patients with advanced and metastatic CRC receive combined treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted therapy. C-RAF plays a key role in maintaining clonogenic and tumorigenic capacity in CRC cells and it might be a potential therapeutic target for CRC. Sorafenib is a popular oral multi-kinase inhibitor, including a B-RAF inhibitor that targets the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. Sorafenib, as a single agent, has tumor-suppressing efficacy, but its clinical application is limited due to many complex drug resistance mechanisms and side effects. GW5074 is one of the C-RAF inhibitors and has the potential to enhance the efficacy of existing cancer chemotherapies. In this study, we investigated whether the combination of sorafenib with GW5074 could reduce the dosage of sorafenib and enhance its tumor-suppressive effect in two CRC cell lines, HCT116 and LoVo cells. Our findings demonstrate that GW5074 can potentiate the cytotoxicity of sorafenib and dramatically reduce the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) dose of sorafenib from 17 and 31 µM to 0.14 and 0.01 µM in HCT116 and LoVo cells, respectively. GW5074, similar to sorafenib, suppressed the cellular proliferation and induced cellular apoptosis and cytosolic ROS, but had no further enhancement on the above-mentioned effects when combined with sorafenib. The synergistic effects of GW5074 and sorafenib were mainly found in mitochondrial functions, including ROS generation, membrane potential disruption, and fission–fusion dynamics, which were examined by using the flow cytometry analysis. In summary, the C-RAF inhibitor GW5074 might potentiate the cytotoxicity of the B-RAF inhibitor sorafenib mediated through mitochondrial dysfunctions, suggesting that GW5074 potentially serves as a sensitizer for sorafenib application to reduce the risk of drug resistance of CRC treatment. Our findings also provide novel insights on using C-RAF inhibitors combined with sorafenib, the current CRC therapeutic drug choice, in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Ming Hu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colorectal Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Lung Chang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shih-Ming Huang,
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Mutation of PTPN11 (Encoding SHP-2) Promotes MEK Activation and Malignant Progression in Neurofibromin-Deficient Cells in a Manner Sensitive to BRAP Mutation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102377. [PMID: 35625983 PMCID: PMC9140047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Germline mutations of NF1 cause neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), which is characterized by multiple benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors known as neurofibromas. In some individuals with NF1, plexiform neurofibromas can give rise to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Here, we applied genomic DNA sequencing to NF1-derived tumors and identified additional genetic alterations in PTPN11 (encoding Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP)-2) and BRAP associated with NF1 tumor malignancy. We found that the forced expression of the mutant form of SHP-2 activated the protein kinase MEK and increased tumorigenic activity in NF1 cells, and that these effects were attenuated by the forced expression of the mutant form of BRCA1-associated protein (BRAP). This suppressive action of mutant BRAP was not apparent in NF1-intact cells. Our data indicate that the combination of NF1 mutation and PTPN11 mutation drives the malignancy of NF1 cells and that SHP-2 inhibition by BRAP is a potential therapeutic strategy for NF1-associated malignant tumors. Abstract Germline mutations of NF1 cause neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) through the activation of the RAS signaling pathway, and some NF1 patients develop malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Here, we established subclones of the human NF1-MPNST cell line sNF96.2 that manifest increased tumorigenic activity and increased phosphorylation of the protein kinases MEK and Akt relative to the parental cells. Genomic DNA sequencing identified 14 additional heterozygous mutations within the coding regions of 13 cancer- and other disease-related genes in these subclones. One of these genes, PTPN11, encodes SHP-2, and the forced expression of the identified G503V mutant of SHP-2 increased both tumorigenic activity and MEK phosphorylation in parental sNF96.2 cells, suggesting that the combination of PTPN11 and NF1 mutations induces the pathological activation of the RAS pathway. These effects of SHP-2 (G503V) were inhibited by the coexpression of the G370A mutant of BRAP, which was also detected in the highly malignant subclones, and this inhibition was accompanied by the calpain-dependent cleavage of SHP-2 (G503V). The cleavage of SHP-2 (G503V) and suppression of MEK phosphorylation mediated by BRAP (G370A) were not detected in NF1-intact (HeLa) cells. Tumor promotion by SHP-2 (G503V) and its suppression by BRAP (G370A) may serve as a basis for the development of new treatment strategies for NF1.
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Oekchuae S, Sirirak J, Charoensuksai P, Wongprayoon P, Chuaypen N, Boonsombat J, Ruchirawat S, Tangkijvanich P, Suksamrarn A, Limpachayaporn P. The Design and Synthesis of a New Series of 1,2,3-Triazole-Cored Structures Tethering Aryl Urea and Their Highly Selective Cytotoxicity toward HepG2. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050504. [PMID: 35631331 PMCID: PMC9147274 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Target cancer drug therapy is an alternative treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the treatment using approved targeted drugs has encountered a number of limitations, including the poor pharmacological properties of drugs, therapy efficiency, adverse effects, and drug resistance. As a consequence, the discovery and development of anti-HCC drug structures are therefore still in high demand. Herein, we designed and synthesized a new series of 1,2,3-triazole-cored structures incorporating aryl urea as anti-HepG2 agents. Forty-nine analogs were prepared via nucleophilic addition and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with excellent yields. Significantly, almost all triazole-cored analogs exhibited less cytotoxicity toward normal cells, human embryonal lung fibroblast cell MRC-5, compared to Sorafenib and Doxorubicin. Among them, 2m’ and 2e exhibited the highest selectivity indexes (SI = 14.7 and 12.2), which were ca. 4.4- and 3.7-fold superior to that of Sorafenib (SI = 3.30) and ca. 3.8- and 3.2-fold superior to that of Doxorubicin (SI = 3.83), respectively. Additionally, excellent inhibitory activity against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, comparable to Sorafenib, was still maintained. A cell-cycle analysis and apoptosis induction study suggested that 2m’ and 2e likely share a similar mechanism of action to Sorafenib. Furthermore, compounds 2m’ and 2e exhibit appropriate drug-likeness, analyzed by SwissADME. With their excellent anti-HepG2 activity, improved selectivity indexes, and appropriate druggability, the triazole-cored analogs 2m’ and 2e are suggested to be promising candidates for development as targeted cancer agents and drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sittisak Oekchuae
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (S.O.); (J.S.)
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (J.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Jitnapa Sirirak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (S.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Purin Charoensuksai
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Pawaris Wongprayoon
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Jutatip Boonsombat
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (J.B.); (S.R.)
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (J.B.); (S.R.)
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand;
| | - Panupun Limpachayaporn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (S.O.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-34-255797; Fax: +66-34-271356
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Zhang G, Li B, Lin Y. Evaluation of ITGA3 as a Biomarker of Progression and Recurrence in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:614955. [PMID: 35174063 PMCID: PMC8841514 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.614955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the expression of ITGA3 and its association with clinical outcomes in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods The expression level, association with clinicopathologic characteristics, co-expressed genes, signaling pathways of ITGA3 in thyroid cancer were comprehensively analyzed using bioinformatics analysis through multiple public gene databases. PTC specimens and cell lines were used to verify the results of bioinformatics analysis. Results Data mining based on the Oncomine database revealed that ITGA3 expression in classical PTC and tall cell variant PTC was much higher than that in normal thyroid tissue except the follicular variant PTC. Analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database showed that the expression of ITGA3 varies greatly in pathological stages, pathological types, tumor invasion stages, and lymph node metastasis stages of thyroid carcinoma. High expression level of ITGA3 was correlated with tumor regional invasion and lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression model showed that high expression of ITGA3 was a risk factor that associated with PTC recurrence and lymph node metastasis. Survival analysis showed that patients with high expression of ITGA3 in PTC had a poorer relapse-free survival (RFS) than patients with low expression of ITGA3 (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry experiments showed that the expression of ITGA3 in recurrent thyroid cancer tissues was stronger than that in no-recurrent thyroid cancer tissues (P < 0.05). Knockdown of ITGA3 by sh-RNA in PTC cell lines suppresses cell viability and invasive and migrating capacity. Conclusion ITGA3 is overexpressed in PTC, especially in those with higher tumor invasion grades and lymph node metastasis, and was associated with recurrence and poor RFS of PTC. High expression of ITGA3 may have the potential role of predicting PTC recurrence and lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Li,
| | - Yuanmei Lin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
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Oncogenic Mutation BRAF V600E Changes Phenotypic Behavior of THLE-2 Liver Cells through Alteration of Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031548. [PMID: 35163468 PMCID: PMC8836259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of mutations in cancer driver genes, such as tumor suppressors or proto-oncogenes, affects cellular homeostasis. Disturbances in the mechanism controlling proliferation cause significant augmentation of cell growth and division due to the loss of sensitivity to the regulatory signals. Nowadays, an increasing number of cases of liver cancer are observed worldwide. Data provided by the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) have indicated many alterations within gene sequences, whose roles in tumor development are not well understood. A comprehensive analysis of liver cancer (virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma) samples has identified new and rare mutations in B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) in Japanese HCC patients, as well as BRAF V600E mutations in French HCC patients. However, their function in liver cancer has never been investigated. Here, using functional analysis and next generation sequencing, we demonstrate the tumorigenic effect of BRAF V600E on hepatocytes (THLE-2 cell line). Moreover, we identified genes such as BMP6, CXCL11, IL1B, TBX21, RSAD2, MMP10, and SERPIND1, which are possibly regulated by the BRAF V600E-mediated, mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway. Through several functional assays, we demonstrate that BRAF L537M, D594A, and E648G mutations alone are not pathogenic in liver cancer. The investigation of genome mutations and the determination of their impact on cellular processes and functions is crucial to unraveling the molecular mechanisms of liver cancer development.
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Kim JC, Bodmer WF. Genomic landscape of colorectal carcinogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:533-545. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zerfaoui M, Toraih E, Ruiz E, Errami Y, Attia AS, Krzysztof M, Abd Elmageed ZY, Kandil E. Nuclear Localization of BRAF V600E Is Associated with HMOX-1 Upregulation and Aggressive Behavior of Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020311. [PMID: 35053476 PMCID: PMC8773521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite some successes of selective anti-BRAFV600E inhibitors, resistance remains a major challenge. The aim of our study is to determine the role of nuclear BRAFV600E and its newly identified partner, HMOX1, in melanoma aggressiveness and drug resistance. We identified the mechanism by which drug resistance is developed via the nuclear localization of BRAFV600E and its partner HMOX1 in melanoma tissues and cell lines. According to our studies, the outcomes of our manuscript have a direct clinical impact on establishing novel prognostic markers and therapeutic intervention strategies in metastatic melanoma. This study provides new information on the ability to selectively classify patients with cytosolic BRAF for selective BRAF inhibitors and offers an alternative treatment to patients with nuclear BRAFV600E and high HMOX1 expressions. Abstract Background: Previously, we have demonstrated that nuclear BRAFV600E is associated with melanoma aggressiveness and vemurafenib resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms of how nuclear localization of BRAFV600E promotes cell aggressiveness have not yet been investigated. Despite therapeutic advancements targeting cutaneous melanoma, unknown cellular processes prevent effective treatment for this malignancy, prompting an urgent need to identify new biological targets. This study aims to explore the association of inducible heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) with nuclear BRAFV600E in promoting melanoma aggressiveness. Methods: Proteomics analysis was performed to identify the interacting partner(s) of nuclear BRAFV600E. Immunohistochemistry was applied to evaluate the levels of HMOX-1 and nuclear BRAFV600E expression in melanoma and adjacent healthy tissues. Immunofluorescence assessed the nuclear localization of BRAFV600E in vemurafenib-resistant A375R melanoma cells. Further study of HMOX-1 knockdown or BRAFV600E overexpression in melanoma cells suggested a role for HMOX-1 in the regulation of cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Finally, Western blot analysis was performed to confirm the pathway by which HMOX-1 mediates Akt signaling. Results: Proteomics results showed that HMOX-1 protein expression was 10-fold higher in resistant A375R cells compared to parental counterpart cells. In vitro and in vivo results illustrate that nuclear BRAFV600E promotes HMOX-1 overexpression, whereas HMOX-1 reduction represses melanoma cell proliferation and tumor growth. Mechanistic studies revealed that HMOX-1 was associated with nuclear BRAFV600E localization, thus promoting melanoma proliferation via a persistent activation of the AKT pathway. Conclusions: Our results highlight a previously unknown mechanism in which the nuclear BRAFV600E/HMOX-1/AKT axis plays an essential role in melanoma cell proliferation. Targeting HMOX-1 could be a novel method for treating melanoma patients who develop BRAF inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Zerfaoui
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eman Toraih
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
| | - Emmanuelle Ruiz
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
| | - Youssef Errami
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
| | - Abdallah S. Attia
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
| | - Moroz Krzysztof
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana, Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (E.T.); (E.R.); (Y.E.); (A.S.A.); (Z.Y.A.E.); (E.K.)
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Malik MS, Alsantali RI, Jassas RS, Alsimaree AA, Syed R, Alsharif MA, Kalpana K, Morad M, Althagafi II, Ahmed SA. Journey of anthraquinones as anticancer agents - a systematic review of recent literature. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35806-35827. [PMID: 35492773 PMCID: PMC9043427 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05686g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinones are privileged chemical scaffolds that have been used for centuries in various therapeutic applications. The anthraquinone moiety forms the core of various anticancer agents. However, the emergence of drug-resistant cancers warrants the development of new anticancer agents. The research endeavours towards new anthraquinone-based compounds are increasing rapidly in recent years. They are used as a core chemical template to achieve structural modifications, resulting in the development of new anthraquinone-based compounds as promising anticancer agents. Mechanistically, most of the anthraquinone-based compounds inhibit cancer progression by targeting essential cellular proteins. Herein, we review new anthraquinone analogues that have been developed in recent years as anticancer agents. This includes a systematic review of the recent literature (2005-2021) on anthraquinone-based compounds in cell-based models and key target proteins such as kinases, topoisomerases, telomerases, matrix metalloproteinases and G-quadruplexes involved in the viability of cancer cells. In addition to this, the developments in PEG-based delivery of anthraquinones and the toxicity aspects of anthraquinone derivatives are also discussed. The review dispenses a compact background knowledge to understanding anthraquinones for future research on the expansion of anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shaheer Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsimaree
- Department of Basic Science (Chemistry), College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University Afif Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyaz Syed
- Centalla Discovery, JHUB, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Kukatpally Hyderabad 500085 India
| | - Meshari A Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kulkarni Kalpana
- Department of Humanities and Sciences (Chemistry), Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology Bachupally Hyderabad 500090 India
| | - Moataz Morad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail I Althagafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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43
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Huang W, Cai J, Lin N, Xu Y, Wang H, Wu Z, Kang D. Identification of BRAF p. V600E-Mutant and Wild-Type by MR Imaging in Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma and Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:2152-2159. [PMID: 34725042 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Compared with BRAF p. V600E wild-type pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, BRAF p. V600E-mutant pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma showed a higher survival rate. In this study, we focused on finding preoperative MR imaging differences between BRAF p. V600E mutant and wild-type in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three patients with pathologically confirmed pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma or anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed from January 2015 to December 2020. They were divided into a BRAF p. V600E-mutant group (including 6 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas and 5 anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas) and a wild-type group (including 8 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas and 4 anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas). The preoperative MR imaging characteristics of these groups were statistically compared. RESULTS The wild-type pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma group presented with more aggressive conventional and advanced MR imaging features than the mutant pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma group, including greater mean maximum tumor diameter (3.1 [SD, 0.9] cm versus 1.7 [SD, 0.4 ] cm, P < .05), more frequent heterogeneous contrast enhancement of solid portions (100% versus 0%, P < .001), more obvious peritumoral edema (mean, [2.1 SD, 0.7] cm versus 0.6 [SD, 0.2] cm, P < .01), and lower mean minimum relative ADC (896 [SD, 86] versus 988 [SD, 73], P < .05) and mean relative ADC (1060 [SD, 159] versus 1248 [SD, 116], P < .05) on DWI. However, there was no significant difference in either conventional or advanced MR imaging features between the wild-type anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma group and the mutant anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma group. CONCLUSIONS Neurosurgeons should carefully interpret MR images before an operation and select appropriate surgical strategies according to genotype prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Huang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (W.H., J.C., Y.X., H.W., Z.W., D.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University (W.H., J.C., Y.X., H.W., Z.W., D.K.), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - J Cai
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (W.H., J.C., Y.X., H.W., Z.W., D.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University (W.H., J.C., Y.X., H.W., Z.W., D.K.), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - N Lin
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering (N.L.), Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Y Xu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (W.H., J.C., Y.X., H.W., Z.W., D.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University (W.H., J.C., Y.X., H.W., Z.W., D.K.), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - H Wang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (W.H., J.C., Y.X., H.W., Z.W., D.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University (W.H., J.C., Y.X., H.W., Z.W., D.K.), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Z Wu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (W.H., J.C., Y.X., H.W., Z.W., D.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China .,The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University (W.H., J.C., Y.X., H.W., Z.W., D.K.), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - D Kang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (W.H., J.C., Y.X., H.W., Z.W., D.K.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University (W.H., J.C., Y.X., H.W., Z.W., D.K.), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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44
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Lai Q, Wang M, Hu C, Tang Y, Li Y, Hao S. Circular RNA regulates the onset and progression of cancer through the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:817. [PMID: 34671431 PMCID: PMC8503804 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide is a major challenge for public health providers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic methods. Circular RNA (circRNA) is characterized by a stable structure and tissue-specific expression; these features are useful in medical research and clinical applications. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, the potential use of circRNA in cancer prognosis and treatment has been extensively explored. Abnormal circRNA expression interferes with specific signaling pathways such as the MAPK pathway; this phenomenon may provide potential diagnostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. The present article discusses the research progress on the regulatory roles of MAPK/ERK pathway-related circRNA molecules in the development and progression of different types of tumors. This review may provide insight into the development of circRNA-based cancer management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yarong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Hao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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45
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Droll S, Bao X. Oh, the Mutations You'll Acquire! A Systematic Overview of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Physiol Biochem 2021; 55:89-119. [PMID: 34553848 PMCID: PMC8579759 DOI: 10.33594/000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly two million cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are diagnosed every year in the United States alone. cSCC is notable for both its prevalence and its propensity for invasion and metastasis. For many patients, surgery is curative. However, patients experiencing immunosuppression or recurrent, advanced, and metastatic disease still face limited therapeutic options and significant mortality. cSCC forms after decades of sun exposure and possesses the highest known mutation rate of all cancers. This mutational burden complicates efforts to identify the primary factors driving cSCC initiation and progression, which in turn hinders the development of targeted therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the mutations and alterations that have been observed in patients’ cSCC tumors, affecting signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, and the microenvironment. We also highlight novel therapeutic opportunities in development and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephenie Droll
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA, .,Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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46
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Nussinov R, Zhang M, Maloney R, Jang H. Ras isoform-specific expression, chromatin accessibility, and signaling. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:489-505. [PMID: 34466166 PMCID: PMC8355297 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The anchorage of Ras isoforms in the membrane and their nanocluster formations have been studied extensively, including their detailed interactions, sizes, preferred membrane environments, chemistry, and geometry. However, the staggering challenge of their epigenetics and chromatin accessibility in distinct cell states and types, which we propose is a major factor determining their specific expression, still awaits unraveling. Ras isoforms are distinguished by their C-terminal hypervariable region (HVR) which acts in intracellular transport, regulation, and membrane anchorage. Here, we review some isoform-specific activities at the plasma membrane from a structural dynamic standpoint. Inspired by physics and chemistry, we recognize that understanding functional specificity requires insight into how biomolecules can organize themselves in different cellular environments. Within this framework, we suggest that isoform-specific expression may largely be controlled by the chromatin density and physical compaction, which allow (or curb) access to "chromatinized DNA." Genes are preferentially expressed in tissues: proteins expressed in pancreatic cells may not be equally expressed in lung cells. It is the rule-not an exception, and it can be at least partly understood in terms of chromatin organization and accessibility state. Genes are expressed when they can be sufficiently exposed to the transcription machinery, and they are less so when they are persistently buried in dense chromatin. Notably, chromatin accessibility can similarly determine expression of drug resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism National Cancer Institute, 1050 Boyles St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- Computational Structural Biology Section Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism National Cancer Institute, 1050 Boyles St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Ryan Maloney
- Computational Structural Biology Section Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism National Cancer Institute, 1050 Boyles St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism National Cancer Institute, 1050 Boyles St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
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47
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Li L, Herzog M, Möbitz S, Winter R. Liquid droplets of protein LAF1 provide a vehicle to regulate storage of the signaling protein K-Ras4B and its transport to the lipid membrane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5370-5375. [PMID: 33645620 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation has been shown to promote the formation of functional membraneless organelles involved in various cellular processes, including metabolism, stress response and signal transduction. Protein LAF1 found in P-granules phase separates into liquid-like droplets by patterned electrostatic interactions between acidic and basic tracts in LAF1 and has been used as model system in this study. We show that signaling proteins, such as K-Ras4B, a small GTPase that acts as a molecular switch and regulates many cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis and cell growth, can colocalize in LAF1 droplets. Colocalization is facilitated by electrostatic interactions between the positively charged polybasic domain of K-Ras4B and the negatively charged motifs of LAF1. The interaction partners B- and C-Raf of K-Ras4B can also be recruited to the liquid droplets. Upon contact with an anionic lipid bilayer membrane, the liquid droplets dissolve and K-Ras4B is released, forming nanoclusters in the lipid membrane. Considering the high tuneability of liquid-liquid phase separation in the cell, the colocalization of signaling proteins and their effector molecules in liquid droplets may provide an additional vehicle for regulating storage and transport of membrane-associated signaling proteins such as K-Ras4B and offer an alternative strategy for high-fidelity signal output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Marius Herzog
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Simone Möbitz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Roland Winter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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48
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Moon H, Ro SW. MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3026. [PMID: 34204242 PMCID: PMC8234271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health concern worldwide, and its incidence is increasing steadily. Recently, the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in HCC has gained renewed attention from basic and clinical researchers. The MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated in more than 50% of human HCC cases; however, activating mutations in RAS and RAF genes are rarely found in HCC, which are major genetic events leading to the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in other cancers. This suggests that there is an alternative mechanism behind the activation of the signaling pathway in HCC. Here, we will review recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the signaling pathway in the context of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Weonsang Ro
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
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49
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Sahu R, Mishra R, Kumar R, Salahuddin, Majee C, Mazumder A, Kumar A. Pyridine moiety: An insight into recent advances in treatment of cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:248-272. [PMID: 34126914 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210614162031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide, affecting a vast majority of the human population. As new different anticancer agents are being developed now, the requirement is to deal somehow with them and evaluate their safety. Among them, pyridine based drugs are contributing a lot, as it is one of the imperative pharmacophores occurring synthetically as well as naturally in heterocyclic compounds, and having a wide range of therapeutic applications in the area of drug discovery, thereby offering many chances for further improvement in antitumor agents via acting onto numerous receptors of extreme prominence. Many pyridine derivatives have been reported to inhibit enzymes, receptors and many other targets for controlling and curing the global health issue of cancer. Nowadays, in combination with other moieties, researchers are focusing on the development of pyridine-based new derivatives for cancer treatment. Therefore, this review sheds light on the recent therapeutic expansions of pyridine together with its molecular docking, structure-activity-relationship, availability in the market, and a summary of recently patented and published research works that shall jointly help the scientists to produce effective drugs with the desired pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sahu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida-201310, India
| | - Rakhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306, India
| | - Salahuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306, India
| | - Chandana Majee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306, India
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50
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Sureda A, Martorell M, Capó X, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Quetglas-Llabrés MM, Rasekhian M, Nabavi SM, Tejada S. Antitumor Effects of Triterpenes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2465-2484. [PMID: 32484765 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200602132000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triterpenes are a large group of secondary metabolites mainly produced by plants with a variety of biological activities, including potential antitumor effects. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very common primary liver disease spread worldwide. The treatment can consist of surgical intervention, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and chemotherapeutic drugs. These drugs mainly include tyrosine multikinase inhibitors, although their use is limited by the underlying liver disease and displays side effects. For that reason, the utility of natural compounds such as triterpenes to treat HCC is an interesting line of research. No clinical studies are reported in humans so far. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present work is to review the knowledge about the effects of triterpenes as a possible coadjuvant tool to treat HCC. RESULTS In vitro and xenograft models have pointed out the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects as well as improvements in tumor growth and development of many triterpenes. In addition, they have also shown to be chemosensitizing agents when co-administered with chemotherapeutic agents. The mechanisms of action are diverse and involve the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including JNK, p38 MAPK and ERK, and the survival-associated PI3K / Akt signaling pathway. However, no clinical studies are still reported in humans. CONCLUSION Triterpenes could become a future strategy to address HCC or at least improve results when administered in combination with chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepcion, 4070386 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Mahsa Rasekhian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed M Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14359-16471, Iran
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma, Spain
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