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Chen X, Keller SJ, Hafner P, Alrawashdeh AY, Avery TY, Norona J, Zhou J, Ruess DA. Tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11/SHP2 in solid tumors - bull's eye for targeted therapy? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340726. [PMID: 38504984 PMCID: PMC10948527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Encoded by PTPN11, the Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) integrates signals from various membrane-bound receptors such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), cytokine and integrin receptors and thereby promotes cell survival and proliferation. Activating mutations in the PTPN11 gene may trigger signaling pathways leading to the development of hematological malignancies, but are rarely found in solid tumors. Yet, aberrant SHP2 expression or activation has implications in the development, progression and metastasis of many solid tumor entities. SHP2 is involved in multiple signaling cascades, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-, PI3K-AKT-, JAK-STAT- and PD-L1/PD-1- pathways. Although not mutated, activation or functional requirement of SHP2 appears to play a relevant and context-dependent dichotomous role. This mostly tumor-promoting and infrequently tumor-suppressive role exists in many cancers such as gastrointestinal tumors, pancreatic, liver and lung cancer, gynecological entities, head and neck cancers, prostate cancer, glioblastoma and melanoma. Recent studies have identified SHP2 as a potential biomarker for the prognosis of some solid tumors. Based on promising preclinical work and the advent of orally available allosteric SHP2-inhibitors early clinical trials are currently investigating SHP2-directed approaches in various solid tumors, either as a single agent or in combination regimes. We here provide a brief overview of the molecular functions of SHP2 and collate current knowledge with regard to the significance of SHP2 expression and function in different solid tumor entities, including cells in their microenvironment, immune escape and therapy resistance. In the context of the present landscape of clinical trials with allosteric SHP2-inhibitors we discuss the multitude of opportunities but also limitations of a strategy targeting this non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase for treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Steffen Johannes Keller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Hafner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asma Y. Alrawashdeh
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Yul Avery
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johana Norona
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jinxue Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dietrich Alexander Ruess
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Rizzo S, Sikorski E, Park S, Im W, Vasquez‐Montes V, Ladokhin AS, Thévenin D. Promoting the activity of a receptor tyrosine phosphatase with a novel pH-responsive transmembrane agonist inhibits cancer-associated phenotypes. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4742. [PMID: 37515426 PMCID: PMC10461461 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling by receptor protein tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is tightly controlled by the counterbalancing actions of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs). Due to their role in attenuating the signal-initiating potency of RTKs, RPTPs have long been viewed as therapeutic targets. However, the development of activators of RPTPs has remained limited. We previously reported that the homodimerization of a representative member of the RPTP family (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor J or PTPRJ) is regulated by specific transmembrane (TM) residues. Disrupting this interaction by single point mutations promotes PTPRJ access to its RTK substrates (e.g., EGFR and FLT3), reduces RTK's phosphorylation and downstream signaling, and ultimately antagonizes RTK-driven cell phenotypes. Here, we designed and tested a series of first-in-class pH-responsive TM peptide agonists of PTPRJ that are soluble in aqueous solution but insert as a helical TM domain in lipid membranes when the pH is lowered to match that of the acidic microenvironment of tumors. The most promising peptide reduced EGFR's phosphorylation and inhibited cancer cell EGFR-driven migration and proliferation, similar to the PTPRJ's TM point mutations. Developing tumor-selective and TM-targeting peptide binders of critical RPTPs could afford a potentially transformative approach to studying RPTP's selectivity mechanism without requiring less specific inhibitors and represent a novel class of therapeutics against RTK-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rizzo
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Eden Sikorski
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Soohyung Park
- Department of Biological SciencesLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Victor Vasquez‐Montes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Alexey S. Ladokhin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Damien Thévenin
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
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Yu ZQ, Wang M, Zhou W, Mao MX, Chen YY, Li N, Peng XC, Cai J, Cai ZQ. ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Biology, Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Resistance. J Drug Target 2022; 30:845-857. [PMID: 35658765 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2085730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ROS1 is a proto-oncogene encoding a receptor tyrosine protein kinase (RTK), homologous to the v - Ros sequence of University of Manchester tumours virus 2(UR2) sarcoma virus, whose ligands are still being investigated. ROS1 fusion genes have been identified in various types of tumours. As an oncoprotein, it promotes cell proliferation, activation and cell cycle progression by activating downstream signalling pathways, accelerating the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Studies have demonstrated that ROS1 inhibitors are effective in patients with ROS1-positive NSCLC and are used for first-line clinical treatment. These small molecule inhibitors provide a rational therapeutic option for the treatment of ROS1-positive patients. Inevitably, ROS1 inhibitor resistance mutations occur, leading to tumours recurrence or progression. Here, we comprehensively review the identified biological properties and Differential subcellular localization of ROS1 fusion oncoprotein promotes tumours progression. We summarize recently completed and ongoing clinical trials of the classic and new ROS1 inhibitors. More importantly, we classify the complex evolving tumours cell resistance mechanisms. This review contributes to our understanding of the biological properties of ROS1 and current therapeutic advances and resistant tumours cells, and the future directions to develop ROS1 inhibitors with durable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiong Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Meng-Xia Mao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
| | - Zhi-Qiang Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University
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Lv F, Li X, Wang Y. An extraction from Trametes robiniophila Murr. ( Huaier) inhibits non-small cell lung cancer proliferation via targeting to epidermal growth factor receptor. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10931-10943. [PMID: 35470770 PMCID: PMC9162005 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2066757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An extraction from Trametes robiniophila Murr. (Huaier) is a kind of natural fungus growing from the sophora japonica tree. Huaier is widely applied to cure the hepatocellular cancer (HCC). However, the medicinal fungus' curative result on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not well elaborated. In this study, we applied in vitro experiments to study Huaier's curative result on NSCLC. The potential Huaier targets were predicted using bioinformatics and validated by western blotting. We further elucidated the mechanism of Huaier targeting by molecular docking, kinase activity assay, CEllular Thermal Shift Assays (CETSAs). At last, in vivo curative result was verified further. Huaier weakened proliferation and promoted apoptosis of the NSCLC cell lines. According to bioinformatics, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) may be the target of Huaier. Western blotting showed that Huaier can attenuate the activation of EGFR and we found that Huaier can dock to EGFR. Huaier significantly inhibited the tumor growth by weakening the expression of p-EGFR in vivo. This study offers a new idea for further understanding of Huaier and shows its potential as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lv
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Third Department of Oncology, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Carroll DJ, Cao Y, Bochner BS, O’Sullivan JA. Siglec-8 Signals Through a Non-Canonical Pathway to Cause Human Eosinophil Death In Vitro. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737988. [PMID: 34721399 PMCID: PMC8549629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-8 is a glycan-binding receptor bearing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory and switch motifs (ITIM and ITSM, respectively) that is selectively expressed on eosinophils, mast cells, and, to a lesser extent, basophils. Previous work has shown that engagement of Siglec-8 on IL-5-primed eosinophils causes cell death via CD11b/CD18 integrin-mediated adhesion and NADPH oxidase activity and identified signaling molecules linking adhesion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell death. However, the proximal signaling cascade activated directly by Siglec-8 engagement has remained elusive. Most members of the Siglec family possess similar cytoplasmic signaling motifs and recruit the protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1/2, consistent with ITIM-mediated signaling, to dampen cellular activation. However, the dependence of Siglec-8 function in eosinophils on these phosphatases has not been studied. Using Siglec-8 antibody engagement and pharmacological inhibition in conjunction with assays to measure cell-surface upregulation and conformational activation of CD11b integrin, ROS production, and cell death, we sought to identify molecules involved in Siglec-8 signaling and determine the stage of the process in which each molecule plays a role. We demonstrate here that the enzymatic activities of Src family kinases (SFKs), Syk, SHIP1, PAK1, MEK1, ERK1/2, PLC, PKC, acid sphingomyelinase/ceramidase, and Btk are all necessary for Siglec-8-induced eosinophil cell death, with no apparent role for SHP-1/2, SHIP2, or c-Raf. While most of these signaling molecules are necessary for Siglec-8-induced upregulation of CD11b integrin at the eosinophil cell surface, Btk is phosphorylated and activated later in the signaling cascade and is instead necessary for CD11b activation. In contrast, SFKs and ERK1/2 are phosphorylated far earlier in the process, consistent with their role in augmenting cell-surface levels of CD11b. In addition, pretreatment of eosinophils with latrunculin B or jasplakinolide revealed that actin filament disassembly is necessary and sufficient for surface CD11b integrin upregulation and that actin polymerization is necessary for downstream ROS production. These results show that Siglec-8 signals through an unanticipated set of signaling molecules in IL-5-primed eosinophils to induce cell death and challenges the expectation that ITIM-bearing Siglecs signal through inhibitory pathways involving protein tyrosine phosphatases to achieve their downstream functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Sreedurgalakshmi K, Srikar R, Harikrishnan K, Srinivasan L, Rajkumari R. Cetuximab-siRNA Conjugate Linked Through Cationized Gelatin Knocks Down KRAS G12C Mutation in NSCLC Sensitizing the Cells Toward Gefitinib. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211041453. [PMID: 34542333 PMCID: PMC8461128 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211041453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) has been of great interest in the past decade for effective gene silencing. To overcome synthetic and regulatory challenges posed by nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery, antibody–siRNA conjugate (ARC) platform is emerging as a potential siRNA delivery system suitable for clinical translation. Herein, we have developed a delivery technology based on the ARC platform for stable delivery of siRNA called as Gelatin-Antibody Delivery System (GADS). In GADS, positively charged gelatin acts as a linker between antibody–siRNA and enables the endosomal escape of siRNA for gene silencing postcellular internalization. For proof of concept, we synthesized a scalable GADS conjugate comprising of Cetuximab (CTB), cationized gelatin (cGel) and NSCLC KRASG12C-specific siRNA. CTB was chemically conjugated to cGel through an amide link to form the CTB–cGel complex. Thereafter, siRNA was chemically conjugated to the cGel moiety of the complex through the thioether link to form CTB–cGel–siRNA conjugate. RP-HPLC analysis was used to monitor the reaction while gel retardation assay was used to determine siRNA loading capacity. SPR analysis showed the preservation of ligand binding affinity of antibody conjugates with KD of ∼0.3 nM. Furthermore, cellular internalization study using florescent microscopy revealed receptor-mediated endocytosis. The conjugate targeted EGFR receptor of KRAS mutant NSCLC to specifically knockdown G12C mutation. The oncogene knockdown sensitized the cells toward small molecule inhibitor—Gefitinib causing ∼70% loss in cell viability. Western blot analysis revealed significant downregulation for various RAS downstream proteins postoncogene knockdown. Comparison of the efficiency of GADS vis-à-vis positive siRNA control and CRISPR–Cas9-based knockout of KRAS Exon 2 in the NCI-H23 NSCLC cell line suggests GADS as a potential technology for clinical translation of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Sreedurgalakshmi
- Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- R&D, Levim Biotech LLP, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Srikar
- R&D, Levim Biotech LLP, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- R. Srikar, Division of Biosimilars and Gene Therapy, R&D,
Levim Biotech LLP, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Reena Rajkumari, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India.
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Yuan H, Zhao J, Yang Y, Wei R, Zhu L, Wang J, Ding M, Wang M, Gu Y. SHP-2 Interacts with CD81 and Regulates the Malignant Evolution of Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:13273-13284. [PMID: 33380834 PMCID: PMC7767705 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s270813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. This project verified the negative role of protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2) in the regulation of colon cancer and further clarified the key targets and molecular mechanisms in the regulation process. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression levels of SHP-2 in colon cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, normal colon cell lines, and cancer cell lines were detected via Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The effect of SHP-2 on colon cancer cell function was verified using cell proliferation, Transwell, scratch, and apoptotic assays. CD81 was identified as the interaction protein of SHP-2 by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The expression of SHP-2 was decreased in colorectal cancer compared with that in adjacent tissues. This expression was also decreased in colon cancer cells compared with that in intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, the tumor tissues of patients with metastatic colon cancer exhibited downregulated expression of SHP-2 compared with those of patients with non-metastatic colon cancer. Cell proliferation, Transwell, scratch, and apoptotic assay showed that the overexpression of SHP-2 inhibited proliferation, adhesion, and metastasis of colon cancer cell lines and promoted apoptosis. CO-IP proved that SHP-2 could interact with CD81 and inhibit the function of CD81. Recovery experiments confirmed that the overexpression of CD81 reversed the anti-cancer effect of SHP-2. CONCLUSION Overexpression of SHP-2 inhibited malignant progression of colon cancer. Mechanism experiments showed that the anti-cancer effect of SHP-2 was realized through the interaction with CD81. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism of SHP-2 regulation in colon cancer and provided guidance for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Gulou Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongfu Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangxue Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiqing Ding
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211316, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210029, People’s Republic of China
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Src-Homology 2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase 2 in Resected EGFR Mutation-Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma. JTO Clin Res Rep 2020; 1:100084. [PMID: 34589963 PMCID: PMC8474259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction EGFR mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) displays impaired phosphorylation of ERK and Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) in comparison with EGFR wild-type LUADs. We hypothesize that SHP2 expression could be predictive in patients positive with resected EGFR mutation versus patients with EGFR wild-type LUAD. Methods We examined resected LUAD cases from Japan and Spain. mRNA expression levels of AXL, MET, CDCP1, STAT3, YAP1, and SHP2 were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The activity of SHP2 inhibitors plus erlotinib were tested in EGFR-mutant cell lines and analyzed by cell viability assay, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Results A total of 50 of 100 EGFR mutation-positive LUADs relapsed, among them, patients with higher SHP2 mRNA expression revealed shorter progression-free survival, in comparison with those having low SHP2 mRNA (hazard ratio: 1.83; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–3.23; p = 0.0329). However, SHP2 was not associated with prognosis in the remaining 167 patients with wild-type EGFR. In EGFR-mutant cell lines, the combination of SHP099 or RMC-4550 (SHP2 inhibitors) with erlotinib revealed synergism via abrogation of phosphorylated AKT (S473) and ERK1/2 (T202/Y204). Although erlotinib translocates phosphorylated SHP2 (Y542) into the nucleus, either RMC-4550 alone, or in combination with erlotinib, relocates SHP2 into the cytoplasm membrane, limiting AKT and ERK1/2 activation. Conclusions Elevated SHP2 mRNA levels are associated with recurrence in resected EGFR mutation-positive LUADs, but not in EGFR wild-type. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors can enhance SHP2 activation, hindering adjuvant therapy. SHP2 inhibitors could improve the benefit of adjuvant therapy in EGFR mutation-positive LUADs.
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Cheng Y, Yu M, Xu J, He M, Wang H, Kong H, Xie W. Inhibition of Shp2 ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:130. [PMID: 30086741 PMCID: PMC6081862 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Src homology 2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 2 (Shp2) is a typical tyrosine phosphatase interacting with receptor tyrosine kinase to regulate multiple signaling pathways in diverse pathological processes. Here, we will investigate the effect of Shp2 inhibition on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in a rat model and its potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying. Methods Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model was used in this study. Phps-1, a highly selective inhibitor for Shp2, was administered from 21 days to 35 days after MCT single-injection. Microcatheter method was applied to detected hemodynamic parameters. Histological methods were used to determine PVR changes in PAH rats. Moreover, cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) treated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) with or without Phps-1 was used to investigate the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying in vitro. Results Inhibition of Shp2 significantly attenuated MCT-induced increases of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in rats. Shp2 inhibition effectively decreased thickening of pulmonary artery media and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as well as perivascular and myocardial fibrosis in MCT-treated rats. Moreover, Shp2 inhibition ameliorated muscularization of pulmonary arterioles in MCT-induced PAH rats. Shp2 inhibition significantly reduced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-triggered proliferation and migration of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which might be attributed to the inactivations of Akt and Stat3 pathways. Conclusions Shp2 contributes to the development of PAH in rats, which might be a potential target for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zeshan West Road, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyu He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Cao J, Huang YQ, Jiao-Sun, Lan XB, Ge MH. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of SHP2 and Hook1 expression in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 81:105-112. [PMID: 29953894 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some thyroid carcinomas (TCs) have an aggressive biological behavior and poor prognosis, and lacking of effective molecular markers is still the main obstacle for clinical stratified diagnosis and treatment of TC. The aim of the study was to discover the clinicopathological and prognostic implications of Src homology region 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and Hook microtubule tethering protein 1 (Hook1) expression in TC. The expression of SHP2 and Hook1 was detected by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from 313 primary TCs who underwent surgery in January 2006 and January 2010 in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. The χ2 test, Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to analyze the associations between their expressions and clinicopathological features and prognosis. The expression rates of SHP2 and Hook1 in TC were 57.5% (180/313) and 22.0% (69/313), respectively. SHP2 was positively correlated with Hook1 in TC. SHP2 expression differed significantly by age, histologic variants, maximal tumor diameter, intrathyroidal dissemination, metastases, and disease stage (P < .05). Moreover, patients with high SHP2 expression had reduced risk for death of disease compared with those with low SHP2 expression (hazard ratio, 0.267; 95% confidence interval, 0.105-0.684; P = .006) in univariate analysis, but that multivariate analysis failed to suggest that SHP2 was an independent prognostic factor. Hook1 expression differed significantly by histologic variants, maximal tumor diameter, and intrathyroidal dissemination (P < .05). However, there was no significant correlation between Hook1 expression and outcome in TC (P > .05). Our results suggested that SHP2 may be a favorable indicator of prognosis in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, China; Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Qing Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, China; Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiao-Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xia-Bin Lan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, China; Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Hua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310022, China; Key Laboratory of Head & Neck Cancer Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, China.
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11
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Zhou P, Hu J, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang C. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression affects proliferation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/microRNA 200a signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5201-5207. [PMID: 29552158 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the function of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its molecular targets in non-small cell lung cancer. The results of the present study demonstrated that EGFR protein and mRNA expression in the normal adjacent tissue specimens was decreased compared with that in the lung cancer tissue samples. Compared with the BEAS-2B normal bronchial epithelial cells, EGFR and phosphorylated (p)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein expression in the SW-900 and A549 lung cancer cells was increased and microRNA (miR)200a expression in the SW-900 and A549 cells was inhibited compared with the BEAS-2B cells. Downregulating miR200a expression significantly suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis and caspase (CASP)3 and CASP9 function in the A549 cells and significantly inhibited EGFR and p-ERK protein expression in the A549 cells, compared with the BEAS-2B cells. The results of the present study indicated that downregulating miR200a significantly suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis in A549 cells via the regulation of the EGFR and ERK 1/2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Chest Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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12
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Du S, McCall N, Park K, Guan Q, Fontina P, Ertel A, Zhan T, Dicker AP, Lu B. Blockade of Tumor-Expressed PD-1 promotes lung cancer growth. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1408747. [PMID: 29632720 PMCID: PMC5889288 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1408747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is the standard of care for treating many patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet mechanisms of treatment failure are emerging. We present a case of NSCLC, who rapidly progressed during a trial (NCT02318771) combining palliative radiotherapy and pembrolizumab. Planned tumor biopsy demonstrated PD-1 expression by NSCLC cells. We validated this observation by detecting PD-1 transcript in lung cancer cells and by co-localizing PD-1 and lung cancer-specific markers in resected lung cancer tissues. We further investigated the biological role of cancer-intrinsic PD-1 in a mouse lung cancer cell line, M109. Knockout or antibody blockade of PD-1 enhanced M109 viability in-vitro, while PD-1 overexpression and exposure to recombinant PD-L1 diminished viability. PD-1 blockade accelerated growth of M109-xenograft tumors with increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis in immune-deficient mice. This represents a first-time report of NSCLC-intrinsic PD-1 expression and a potential mechanism by which PD-1 blockade may promote cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisuo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neal McCall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyewon Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Paolo Fontina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Ertel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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EGFR and PDGFRA co-expression and heterodimerization in glioblastoma tumor sphere lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9043. [PMID: 28831081 PMCID: PMC5567352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent amplifications of EGFR and PDGFRA have been reported in up to 5% of glioblastoma (GBM) and it remains unclear why such independent amplification events, and associated receptor overexpression, would be adaptive during glioma evolution. Here, we document that EGFR and PDGFRA protein co-expression occurs in 37% of GBM. There is wide cell-to-cell variation in the expressions of these receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in stable tumor sphere lines, frequently defining tumor cell subpopulations with distinct sensitivities to growth factors and RTK inhibitors. We also find evidence for functional transactivation of PDGFRA by EGFR and EGF-induced receptor heterodimerization, both of which are abolished by EGFR inhibitors. These results indicate that GBM growth responses to targeted therapies previously tested in clinical trials are strongly influenced by the balance of EGFR and PDGFRA activation in individual cells, which is heterogeneous at baseline.
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14
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Shp2 regulates migratory behavior and response to EGFR-TKIs through ERK1/2 pathway activation in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91123-91133. [PMID: 29207630 PMCID: PMC5710910 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the clinical treatment of lung cancer, therapy failure is mainly caused by cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Here, we investigated whether the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 is involved in the development of metastasis and drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Shp2 was overexpressed in a subset of lung cancer tissues, and Shp2 knockdown in lung cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration, downregulated c-Myc and fibronectin expression, and upregulated E-cadherin expression. In H1975 cells, which carry double mutations (L858R + T790M) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that confers resistance toward the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, Shp2 knockdown increased cellular sensitivity to gefitinib; conversely, in H292 cells, which express wild-type EGFR and are sensitive to gefitinib, Shp2 overexpression increased cellular resistance to gefitinib. Moreover, by overexpressing Shp2 or using U0126, a small-molecule inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), we demonstrated that Shp2 inhibited E-cadherin expression and enhanced the expression of fibronectin and c-Myc through activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Our findings reveal that Shp2 is overexpressed in clinical samples of NSCLC and that Shp2 knockdown reduces the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells, and further suggest that co-inhibition of EGFR and Shp2 is an effective approach for overcoming EGFR T790M mutation acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Thus, we propose that Shp2 could serve as a new biomarker in the treatment of NSCLC.
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15
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Hu Z, Li J, Gao Q, Wei S, Yang B. SHP2 overexpression enhances the invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3881-3891. [PMID: 28814887 PMCID: PMC5546810 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s138833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose SHP2 has roles in a variety of signal transduction pathways and in many important cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, movement regulation, and apoptosis. In addition, SHP2 expression is closely associated with multiple types of malignancies. In this study, we examined the role of SHP2 in epithelial ovarian cancer. Patients and methods SHP2 expression in cancer and normal ovarian tissue specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analyses. The correlation between the SHP2 expression level and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The role of SHP2 in epithelial ovarian cancer was evaluated by assessing SHP2 expression patterns in vitro and in vivo, and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway was examined. Results SHP2 is expressed at higher levels in ovarian cancer tissues than in normal ovarian tissues and in an ovarian cancer cell line than in a normal ovarian cell line. On the basis of these findings, SHP2 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, SHP2 overexpression is associated with tumor stage and differentiation, enhanced cell proliferation and invasion, and tumorigenesis and metastasis. Conclusion SHP2 overexpression enhances ovarian tumor proliferation and invasion by activating the PI3K-AKT axis, indicating that SHP2 potentially plays a direct role in the pathogenesis of ovarian epithelial cell cancer. These novel findings provide key insights that are applicable to basic cancer research and to the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhongQian Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuping Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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A tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 gain-of-function mutation enhances malignancy of breast carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5664-76. [PMID: 26673822 PMCID: PMC4868712 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that Src homologous protein phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (SHP2) mutations promote cancer development in several solid tumours. In this study, we focused on the in vivo and in vitro effects of an SHP2 mutation on the breast cancer phenotype to determine whether this mutation is correlated with a malignant phenotype. Methods: Mutant PTPN11 cDNA (D61G) was transduced into MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 cells. The effects of the D61G mutation on tumourigenesis and malignant behaviours, such as cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and invasion, were examined. Potential underlying molecular mechanisms, i.e., activation of the Gab1-Ras-Erk axis, were also examined. Results:In vitro experiments revealed that tumour adhesion, proliferation, migration and invasion were significantly increased in the SHP2 D61G mutant groups. Consistently, in vivo experiments also showed that the tumour sizes and weights were increased significantly in the SHP2 D61G-MB231 group (p < 0.001) in association with tumour metastasis. Mechanistically, the PTPN11 mutation resulted in activation of the Ras-ErK pathway. The binding between Gab1 and mutant SHP2 was significantly increased. Conclusion: Mutant SHP2 significantly promotes tumour migration and invasion at least partially through activation of the Gab1-Ras-Erk axis. This finding could have direct implications for breast cancer therapy.
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17
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Srikar R, Suresh D, Zambre A, Taylor K, Chapman S, Leevy M, Upendran A, Kannan R. Targeted nanoconjugate co-delivering siRNA and tyrosine kinase inhibitor to KRAS mutant NSCLC dissociates GAB1-SHP2 post oncogene knockdown. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30245. [PMID: 27530552 PMCID: PMC4987653 DOI: 10.1038/srep30245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A tri-block nanoparticle (TBN) comprising of an enzymatically cleavable porous gelatin nanocore encapsulated with gefitinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)) and surface functionalized with cetuximab-siRNA conjugate has been synthesized. Targeted delivery of siRNA to undruggable KRAS mutated non-small cell lung cancer cells would sensitize the cells to TKI drugs and offers an efficient therapy for treating cancer; however, efficient delivery of siRNA and releasing it in cytoplasm remains a major challenge. We have shown TBN can efficiently deliver siRNA to cytoplasm of KRAS mutant H23 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cells for oncogene knockdown; subsequently, sensitizing it to TKI. In the absence of TKI, the nanoparticle showed minimal toxicity suggesting that the cells adapt a parallel GAB1 mediated survival pathway. In H23 cells, activated ERK results in phosphorylation of GAB1 on serine and threonine residues to form GAB1-p85 PI3K complex. In the absence of TKI, knocking down the oncogene dephosphorylated ERK, and negated the complex formation. This event led to tyrosine phosphorylation at Tyr627 domain of GAB1 that regulated EGFR signaling by recruiting SHP2. In the presence of TKI, GAB1-SHP2 dissociation occurs, leading to cell death. The outcome of this study provides a promising platform for treating NSCLC patients harboring KRAS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Srikar
- Department of Radiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Dhananjay Suresh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Ajit Zambre
- Department of Radiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Kristen Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Sarah Chapman
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Matthew Leevy
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Anandhi Upendran
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Raghuraman Kannan
- Department of Radiology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,International Center for Nano/Micro Systems and Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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18
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Tsiambas E, Lefas AY, Georgiannos SN, Ragos V, Fotiades PP, Grapsa D, Stamatelopoulos A, Kavantzas N, Patsouris E, Syrigos K. EGFR gene deregulation mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma: A molecular review. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:672-7. [PMID: 27461822 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For the last two decades, evolution in molecular biology has expanded our knowledge in decoding a broad spectrum of genomic imbalances that progressively lead normal cells to a neoplastic state and finally to complete malignant transformation. Concerning oncogenes and signaling transduction pathways mediated by them, identification of specific gene alterations remains a critical process for handling patients by applying targeted therapeutic regimens. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in normal cells. EGFR mutations and amplification represent the gene's main deregulation mechanisms in cancers of different histo-genetic origin. Furthermore, intra-cancer molecular heterogeneity due to clonal rise and expansion mainly explains the variable resistance to novel anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAb), and also tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). According to recently published 2015 WHO new classification, lung cancer is the leading cause of death related to cancer and its incidence is still on the increase worldwide. The majority of patients suffering from lung cancer are diagnosed with epithelial tumors (adenocarcinoma predominantly and squamous cell carcinoma represent ∼85% of all pathologically defined lung cancer cases). In those patients, EGFR-activating somatic mutations in exons 18/19/20/21 modify patients' sensitivity (i.e. exon 21 L858R, exon 19 LREA deletion) or resistance (ie exon 20 T790M and/or insertion) to TKI mediated targeted therapeutic strategies. Additionally, the role of specific micro-RNAs that affect EGFR regulation is under investigation. In the current review, we focused on EGFR gene/protein structural and functional aspects and the corresponding alterations that occur mainly in lung adenocarcinoma to critically modify its molecular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Tsiambas
- Dept of IHC & Mol Biology, 401 GAH, Athens, Greece; Dept of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | - Vasileios Ragos
- Dept of Maxillofacial, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Dimitra Grapsa
- 3rd Dept of Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, "Sotiria" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- 3rd Dept of Medicine, Athens School of Medicine, "Sotiria" General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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19
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Zhang N, Liu H, Yue G, Zhang Y, You J, Wang H. Molecular Heterogeneity of Ewing Sarcoma as Detected by Ion Torrent Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153546. [PMID: 27077911 PMCID: PMC4831808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common malignant bone and soft tissue tumor in children and adolescents. Despite advances in comprehensive treatment, patients with ES metastases still suffer poor outcomes, thus, emphasizing the need for detailed genetic profiles of ES patients to identify suitable molecular biomarkers for improved prognosis and development of effective and targeted therapies. In this study, the next generation sequencing Ion AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 was used to identify cancer-related gene mutations in the tissue samples from 20 ES patients. This platform targeted 207 amplicons of 2800 loci in 50 cancer-related genes. Among the 20 tissue specimens, 62 nonsynonymous hotspot mutations were identified in 26 cancer-related genes, revealing the molecular heterogeneity of ES. Among these, five novel mutations in cancer-related genes (KDR, STK11, MLH1, KRAS, and PTPN11) were detected in ES, and these mutations were confirmed with traditional Sanger sequencing. ES patients with KDR, STK11, and MLH1 mutations had higher Ki-67 proliferation indices than the ES patients lacking such mutations. Notably, more than half of the ES patients harbored one or two possible ‘druggable’ mutations that have been previously linked to a clinical cancer treatment option. Our results provided the foundation to not only elucidate possible mechanisms involved in ES pathogenesis but also indicated the utility of Ion Torrent sequencing as a sensitive and cost-effective tool to screen key oncogenes and tumor suppressors in order to develop personalized therapy for ES patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanjun Yue
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfeng You
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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20
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Schneeberger VE, Ren Y, Luetteke N, Huang Q, Chen L, Lawrence HR, Lawrence NJ, Haura EB, Koomen JM, Coppola D, Wu J. Inhibition of Shp2 suppresses mutant EGFR-induced lung tumors in transgenic mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6191-202. [PMID: 25730908 PMCID: PMC4467431 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutants drive lung tumorigenesis and are targeted for therapy. However, resistance to EGFR inhibitors has been observed, in which the mutant EGFR remains active. Thus, it is important to uncover mediators of EGFR mutant-driven lung tumors to develop new treatment strategies. The protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) Shp2 mediates EGF signaling. Nevertheless, it is unclear if Shp2 is activated by oncogenic EGFR mutants in lung carcinoma or if inhibiting the Shp2 PTP activity can suppress EGFR mutant-induced lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we generated transgenic mice containing a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible PTP-defective Shp2 mutant (tetO-Shp2CSDA). Using the rat Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP)-rtTA-directed transgene expression in the type II lung pneumocytes of transgenic mice, we found that the Gab1-Shp2 pathway was activated by EGFRL858R in the lungs of transgenic mice. Consistently, the Gab1-Shp2 pathway was activated in human lung adenocarcinoma cells containing mutant EGFR. Importantly, Shp2CSDA inhibited EGFRL858R-induced lung adenocarcinoma in transgenic animals. Analysis of lung tissues showed that Shp2CSDA suppressed Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation and Gab1-Shp2 association, suggesting that Shp2 modulates a positive feedback loop to regulate its own activity. These results show that inhibition of the Shp2 PTP activity impairs mutant EGFR signaling and suppresses EGFRL858R-driven lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina E Schneeberger
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Noreen Luetteke
- Small Animal Modeling and Imaging Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Qingling Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Harshani R Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas J Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
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21
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Deng R, Zhao X, Qu Y, Chen C, Zhu C, Zhang H, Yuan H, Jin H, Liu X, Wang Y, Chen Q, Huang J, Yu J. Shp2 SUMOylation promotes ERK activation and hepatocellular carcinoma development. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9355-69. [PMID: 25823821 PMCID: PMC4496222 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Shp2, an ubiquitously expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase, is essential for regulation of Ras/ERK signaling pathway and tumorigenesis. Here we report that Shp2 is modified by SUMO1 at lysine residue 590 (K590) in its C-terminus, which is reduced by SUMO1-specific protease SENP1. Analysis of wild-type Shp2 and SUMOylation-defective Shp2(K590R) mutant reveals that SUMOylation of Shp2 promotes EGF-stimulated ERK signaling pathway and increases anchorage-independent cell growth and xenografted tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Furthermore, we find that mutant Shp2(K590R) reduces its binding with the scaffolding protein Gab1, and consistent with this, knockdown of SENP1 increased the interaction between Shp2 and Gab1. More surprisingly, we show that human Shp2 (hShp2) and mouse Shp2 (mShp2) have differential effects on ERK activation as a result of different SUMOylation level, which is due to the event of K590 at hShp2 substituted by R594 at mShp2. In summary, our data demonstrate that SUMOylation of Shp2 promotes ERK activation via facilitating the formation of Shp2-Gab1 complex and thereby accelerates HCC cell and tumor growth, which presents a novel regulatory mechanism underlying Shp2 in regulation of HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - YingYing Qu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Changhong Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Haihua Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianxiu Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Institute of Oncology & Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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22
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Buonato JM, Lan IS, Lazzara MJ. EGF augments TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by promoting SHP2 binding to GAB1. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3898-909. [PMID: 26359300 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.169599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In many epithelial cells, epidermal growth factor (EGF) augments the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs when cells are treated with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). We demonstrate that this augmentation requires activation of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2; also known as PTPN11), a proto-oncogene. In lung and pancreatic cancer cell lines, reductions in E-cadherin expression, increases in vimentin expression and increases in cell scatter rates were larger when cells were treated with TGFβ and EGF versus TGFβ or EGF alone. SHP2 knockdown promoted epithelial characteristics basally and antagonized EMT in response to TGFβ alone or in combination with EGF. Whereas EGF promoted SHP2 binding to tyrosine phosphorylated GAB1, which promotes SHP2 activity, TGFβ did not induce SHP2 association with phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. Knockdown of endogenous SHP2 and reconstitution with an SHP2 mutant with impaired phosphotyrosine binding ability eliminated the EGF-mediated EMT augmentation that was otherwise restored with wild-type SHP2 reconstitution. These results demonstrate roles for basal and ligand-induced SHP2 activity in EMT and further motivate efforts to identify specific ways to inhibit SHP2, given the role of EMT in tumor dissemination and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Buonato
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ingrid S Lan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew J Lazzara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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23
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Hu ZQ, Ma R, Zhang CM, Li J, Li L, Hu ZT, Gao QI, Li WM. Expression and clinical significance of tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 in thyroid carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1507-1512. [PMID: 26622699 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is encoded by the gene PTPN11. SHP2 is hypothesized to have a critical role in cancer, via the activation of mutations that have been detected in several types of leukaemia and in certain solid tumours, including liver, breast, gastric and cervical cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports evaluating the significance of SHP2 expression in thyroid cancer. The present study evaluated SHP2 expression in 65 thyroid cancer specimens, 40 specimens of self-matched adjacent peritumour tissues and 40 specimens of normal thyroid tissue, using immunohistochemical and western blot analyses with an anti-SHP2 antibody. Western blotting was also used to assess SHP2 expression in thyroid cancer cell lines (SW579, IHH-4, FTC-133, TPC-1, DRO, TA-K, and ML-1) and Nthy-ori3-1 normal thyroid cells. In addition, SHP2 antisense oligonucleotides were used to block SHP2 expression in SW579 cells, and growth inhibition assays were conducted. Increased SHP2 expression was detected in the tumour tissues compared with that of the normal thyroid tissues (P<0.05). SHP2 expression was significantly correlated with poor tumour differentiation (P<0.05), late TNM stage (P<0.05) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), suggesting that SHP2 may represent a potential target for thyroid cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qian Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Chi-Min Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Ting Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Q I Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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24
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Furcht CM, Buonato JM, Lazzara MJ. EGFR-activated Src family kinases maintain GAB1-SHP2 complexes distal from EGFR. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra46. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Karachaliou N, Rosell R, Molina MA, Viteri S. Predicting resistance by selection of signaling pathways. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 3:107-15. [PMID: 25806289 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2014.02.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations occur in 17% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with notable response to single agent therapy but with low complete remission rate and, eventually, disease progression. Priming BIM, a pro-apoptotic signaling BH3-only protein, induces sensitivity to erlotinib in EGFR-mutant cell lines. Synthetic lethal approaches and preemptive therapies based on the initial expression of BIM may significantly improve the treatment outcome. EGFR mutations result in transient pro-death imbalance of survival and apoptotic signaling in response to EGFR inhibition. SHP2 is essential to the balance between ERK and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and signal transducer activator of transcription (STAT) activity, while mTOR can be an additional marker for patients with high BIM expression. Furthermore, stromal hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) confers EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance and induces interreceptor crosstalk with integrin-b4, Eph2, CUB domain-containing protein-1 (CDCP1), AXL and JAK1. Only by understanding better, and in more depth, complex cancer molecular biology will we have the information that will help us to design strategies to augment efficacy of EGFR TKIs and offer our patients the best, most correct therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Karachaliou
- 1 Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Pangaea Biotech, Quirón Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ; 4 Molecular Cancer Research (MORe) Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- 1 Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Pangaea Biotech, Quirón Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ; 4 Molecular Cancer Research (MORe) Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Molina
- 1 Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Pangaea Biotech, Quirón Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ; 4 Molecular Cancer Research (MORe) Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Viteri
- 1 Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Pangaea Biotech, Quirón Dexeus University Institute, Barcelona, Spain ; 3 Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ; 4 Molecular Cancer Research (MORe) Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Şen M, Takahashi Y, Matsumae Y, Horiguchi Y, Kumatani A, Ino K, Shiku H, Matsue T. Improving the Electrochemical Imaging Sensitivity of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy-Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy by Using Electrochemical Pt Deposition. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3484-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Şen
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takahashi
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Advanced Institute
for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsumae
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Horiguchi
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Akichika Kumatani
- Advanced Institute
for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate School
of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Advanced Institute
for Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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27
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Sava P, Cook IO, Mahal RS, Gonzalez AL. Human Microvascular Pericyte Basement Membrane Remodeling Regulates Neutrophil Recruitment. Microcirculation 2015; 22:54-67. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parid Sava
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Ian O. Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Rajwant S. Mahal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Anjelica L. Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut USA
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28
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Trivedi S, Concha-Benavente F, Srivastava RM, Jie HB, Gibson SP, Schmitt NC, Ferris RL. Immune biomarkers of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:40-47. [PMID: 24997207 PMCID: PMC4269339 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor antigen (TA)-targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAb) cetuximab and panitumumab target the human epidermal growth factor receptor and have been integrated into treatment regimens for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The therapeutic efficacy of these mAbs has been found to be enhanced when combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, clinical trials indicate that these findings are limited to fewer than 20% of treated patients. Therefore, identifying patients who are likely to benefit from these agents is crucial to improving therapeutic strategies. Interestingly, it has been noted that TA-targeted mAbs mediate their effects by contributing to cell-mediated cytotoxicity in addition to inhibition of downstream signaling pathways. Here, we describe the potential immunogenic mechanisms underlying these clinical findings, their role in the varied clinical response and identify the putative biomarkers of antitumor activity. We review potential immunological biomarkers that affect mAb therapy in SCCHN patients, the implications of these findings and how they translate to the clinical scenario, which are critical to improving patient selection and ultimately outcomes for patients undergoing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Trivedi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | | | - R M Srivastava
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - H B Jie
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - S P Gibson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - N C Schmitt
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - R L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; Cancer Immunology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, USA.
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29
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Li J, Kang Y, Wei L, Liu W, Tian Y, Chen B, Lin X, Li Y, Feng GS, Lu Z. Tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 mediates the estrogen biological action in breast cancer via interaction with the estrogen extranuclear receptor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102847. [PMID: 25048202 PMCID: PMC4105620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The extranuclear estrogen receptor pathway opens up novel perspectives in many physiological and pathological processes, especially in breast carcinogenesis. However, its function and mechanisms are not fully understood. Herein we present data identifying Shp2, a SH2-containing tyrosine phosphatase, as a critical component of extranuclear ER pathway in breast cancer. The research checked that the effect of Shp2 on the tumor formation and growth in animal model and investigated the regulation of Shp2 on the bio-effect and signaling transduction of estrogen in breast cancer cell lines. The results showed that Shp2 was highly expressed in more than 60% of total 151 breast cancer cases. The inhibition of Shp2 activity by PHPS1 (a Shp2 inhibitor) delayed the development of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced tumors in the rat mammary gland and also blocked tumor formation in MMTV-pyvt transgenic mice. Estradiol (E2) stimulated protein expression and phosphorylation of Shp2, and induced Shp2 binding to ERα and IGF-1R around the membrane to facilitate the phosphorylation of Erk and Akt in breast cancer cells MCF7. Shp2 was also involved in several biological effects of the extranuclear ER-initiated pathway in breast cancer cells. Specific inhibitors (phps1, phps4 and NSC87877) or small interference RNAs (siRNA) of Shp2 remarkably suppressed E2-induced gene transcription (Cyclin D1 and trefoil factor 1 (TFF1)), rapid DNA synthesis and late effects on cell growth. These results introduced a new mechanism for Shp2 oncogenic action and shed new light on extranuclear ER-initiated action in breast tumorigenesis by identifying a novel associated protein, Shp2, for extranuclear ER pathway, which might benefit the therapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yujia Kang
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Longgang Wei
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yingpu Tian
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Baozhen Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Li
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology & Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- Xiamen City Key Lab of Metabolism Disease & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
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30
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Furcht CM, Buonato JM, Skuli N, Mathew LK, Muñoz Rojas AR, Simon MC, Lazzara MJ. Multivariate signaling regulation by SHP2 differentially controls proliferation and therapeutic response in glioma cells. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3555-67. [PMID: 24951116 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.150862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Information from multiple signaling axes is integrated in the determination of cellular phenotypes. Here, we demonstrate this aspect of cellular decision making in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells by investigating the multivariate signaling regulatory functions of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (also known as PTPN11). Specifically, we demonstrate that the ability of SHP2 to simultaneously drive ERK1/2 and antagonize STAT3 pathway activities produces qualitatively different effects on the phenotypes of proliferation and resistance to EGFR and c-MET co-inhibition. Whereas the ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways independently promote proliferation and resistance to EGFR and c-MET co-inhibition, SHP2-driven ERK1/2 activity is dominant in driving cellular proliferation and SHP2-mediated antagonism of STAT3 phosphorylation prevails in the promotion of GBM cell death in response to EGFR and c-MET co-inhibition. Interestingly, the extent of these SHP2 signaling regulatory functions is diminished in glioblastoma cells that express sufficiently high levels of the EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII) mutant, which is commonly expressed in GBM. In cells and tumors that express EGFRvIII, SHP2 also antagonizes the phosphorylation of EGFRvIII and c-MET and drives expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α, adding complexity to the evolving understanding of the regulatory functions of SHP2 in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Furcht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Janine M Buonato
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lijoy K Mathew
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrés R Muñoz Rojas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew J Lazzara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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31
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Walsh AM, Lazzara MJ. Differential parsing of EGFR endocytic flux among parallel internalization pathways in lung cancer cells with EGFR-activating mutations. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:312-23. [PMID: 24445374 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the existence of parallel pathways for receptor endocytosis and their complexities, a quantitative understanding of receptor endocytosis in normal and pathological settings requires computational analysis. Here, we develop a mechanistic model of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endocytosis to determine the relative contributions of three parallel pathways: clathrin-dependent internalization mediated by mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG6), an endogenous EGFR kinase inhibitor that links EGFR to endocytic proteins; clathrin-dependent internalization mediated by the ubiquitin ligase CBL, which can be sequestered by the regulatory protein Sprouty2; or alternative pathways that may be non-clathrin mediated. We applied the model to interpret our previous measurements of EGFR endocytosis in lung cancer cells. Interestingly, our results suggest that MIG6 is responsible for at least as much wild-type EGFR internalization as CBL, indicating that a significant fraction of internalizing EGFR may be incapable of driving signaling. Model results also suggest that MIG6's endocytic function is reduced for the kinase-activated and internalization-impaired EGFR mutants found in some lung cancers. Analysis of Sprouty2 knockdown data indicates that Sprouty2 regulates EGFR endocytosis primarily by controlling EGFR expression, rather than by sequestering CBL, and supports the notion that CBL-mediated internalization is impaired for EGFR mutants. We further demonstrate that differences in internalization between wild-type and mutant EGFR cannot explain differences in EGF-mediated EGFR degradation without concomitant changes in EGFR recycling, which we previously quantified. This work provides new quantitative insights into EGFR trafficking in lung cancer and provides a framework for studying parallel endocytosis pathways for other receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Walsh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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32
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Cai P, Guo W, Yuan H, Li Q, Wang W, Sun Y, Li X, Gu Y. Expression and clinical significance of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 in colon cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 68:285-90. [PMID: 24439672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, encoded by gene PTPN11, has been identified as a tumor-promoting factor in several types of leukemia and is hyper-activated by other mechanisms in some solid tumors including gastric cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), etc. But few were reported on the expression and significances of SHP-2 in colon cancer. Here, we detect SHP-2 expression in colon cancer cells, colon cancer-induced by AOM+DSS in mice and 232 human colon cancer specimens, including 58 groups of self-matched adjacent peritumor tissues and normal tissues. We found that compared to the normal colon tissues, SHP-2 significantly decreased in tumor tissues (P<0.001). The same results were got in colon tumor cells as well as mice colon tumors. And in humans samples, low SHP-2 expression showed a significantly correlation with poor tumor differentiation (P<0.05), late TNM stage (P=0.1666) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifen Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huaqin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Weicheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, China.
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China.
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33
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Buonato JM, Lazzara MJ. ERK1/2 blockade prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells and promotes their sensitivity to EGFR inhibition. Cancer Res 2013; 74:309-19. [PMID: 24108744 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming cellular mechanisms of de novo and acquired resistance to drug therapy remains a central challenge in the clinical management of many cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although much work has linked the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells to the emergence of drug resistance, it is less clear where tractable routes may exist to reverse or inhibit EMT as a strategy for drug sensitization. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1, MAPK3/1) signaling plays a key role in directing the mesenchymal character of NSCLC cells and that blocking ERK signaling is sufficient to heighten therapeutic responses to EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. MEK1/2 (MAPKK1/2) inhibition promoted an epithelial phenotype in NSCLC cells, preventing induction of EMT by exogenous TGF-β. Moreover, in cells exhibiting de novo or acquired resistance to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, MEK inhibition enhanced the sensitivity to gefitinib and slowed cell migration. These effects only occurred, however, if MEK was inhibited for a period sufficient to trigger changes in EMT marker expression. Consistent with these findings, changes in EMT phenotypes and markers were also induced by the expression of mutant KRAS in a MEK-dependent manner. Our results suggest that prolonged exposure to MEK or ERK inhibitors may not only restrain EMT but also overcome naïve or acquired resistance of NSCLC to EGFR-targeted therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Buonato
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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34
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Walsh AM, Lazzara MJ. Regulation of EGFR trafficking and cell signaling by Sprouty2 and MIG6 in lung cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4339-48. [PMID: 23868981 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.123208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The duration and specificity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and signaling are determinants of cellular decision processes and are tightly regulated by receptor dephosphorylation, internalization and degradation. In addition, regulatory proteins that are upregulated or activated post-transcriptionally upon receptor activation may initiate feedback loops that play crucial roles in spatiotemporal regulation of signaling. We examined the roles of Sprouty2 (SPRY2) and mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG6), two feedback regulators of EGFR trafficking and signaling, in lung cancer cells with or without EGFR-activating mutations. These mutations are of interest because they confer unusual cellular sensitivity to EGFR inhibition through a mechanism involving an impairment of EGFR endocytosis. We found that the endocytosis of wild-type and mutant EGFR was promoted by SPRY2 knockdown and antagonized by MIG6 knockdown. SPRY2 knockdown also significantly reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, EGFR expression, and EGFR recycling. In a cell line expressing mutant EGFR, this effect on ERK led to a marked increase in cell death response to EGFR inhibition. The effects of SPRY2 knockdown on EGFR endocytosis and recycling were primarily the result of the concomitant change in EGFR expression, but this was not true for the observed changes in ERK phosphorylation. Thus, our study demonstrates that SPRY2 and MIG6 are important regulators of wild-type and mutant EGFR trafficking and points to an EGFR expression-independent function of SPRY2 in the regulation of ERK activity that may impact cellular sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors, especially in the context of EGFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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35
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Muenst S, Obermann EC, Gao F, Oertli D, Viehl CT, Weber WP, Fleming T, Gillanders WE, Soysal SD. Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase-2 expression is an independent negative prognostic factor in human breast cancer. Histopathology 2013; 63:74-82. [PMID: 23672411 DOI: 10.1111/his.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase-2 (SHP2) is a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase that plays an essential role in the downstream signalling pathways of multiple growth factor receptors, thus representing a potential target for cancer therapy. Recent studies suggest that SHP2 contributes to tumour initiation, progression and metastasis in breast cancer, yet the impact of SHP2 expression on prognosis in human breast cancer has not been evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS To explore further the role of SHP2 in breast cancer, we conducted an immunohistochemical study using a tissue microarray encompassing 1401 formalin-fixed breast cancer specimens with detailed clinical annotation and outcome data. Of 1401 evaluable breast cancers, 651 (46%) were positive for SHP2. SHP2 expression was associated positively with tumour grade, lymph node status and tumour stage. In univariate survival analysis, cases with SHP2 expression had a significantly worse overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis, SHP2 remained an independent negative prognostic factor for OS. SHP2 expression was a negative prognostic factor for OS in the luminal A and the luminal B HER2(-) intrinsic subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate for the first time that SHP2 is an independent predictor of survival in breast cancer, suggesting that SHP2 may be a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Muenst
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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