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Bryant P, Walton Bernstedt S, Thutkawkorapin J, Backman AS, Lindblom A, Lagerstedt-Robinson K. Exome sequencing in a Swedish family with PMS2 mutation with varying penetrance of colorectal cancer: investigating the presence of genetic risk modifiers in colorectal cancer risk. Eur J Cancer Prev 2023; 32:113-118. [PMID: 36134613 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lynch syndrome is caused by germline mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes, such as the PMS2 gene, and is characterised by a familial accumulation of colorectal cancer. The penetrance of cancer in PMS2 carriers is still not fully elucidated as a colorectal cancer risk has been shown to vary between PMS2 carriers, suggesting the presence of risk modifiers. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed in a Swedish family carrying a PMS2 missense mutation [c.2113G>A, p.(Glu705Lys)]. Thirteen genetic sequence variants were further selected and analysed in a case-control study (724 cases and 711 controls). RESULTS The most interesting variant was an 18 bp deletion in gene BAG1. BAG1 has been linked to colorectal tumour progression with poor prognosis and is thought to promote colorectal tumour cell survival through increased NF-κB activity. CONCLUSIONS We conclude the genetic architecture behind the incomplete penetrance of PMS2 is complicated and must be assessed in a genome wide manner using large families and multifactorial analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bryant
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
- Science for Life Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University
| | - Sophie Walton Bernstedt
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
- Karolinska University Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical Unit Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessada Thutkawkorapin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn 20 University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ann-Sofie Backman
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
- Hereditary Cancer, Medical Unit Breast Endocrine and Sarcoma tumour, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Kristina Lagerstedt-Robinson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Chen M, Wang Y, Wang L, Shen C, Chen C, Lee H. PD‐L1
expressed from tumor cells promotes tumor growth and invasion in lung cancer via modulating
TGF
‐β1/
SMAD4
expression. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:1322-1332. [PMID: 35373505 PMCID: PMC9058315 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Jenn Chen
- Department of Surgery Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Sports Management, College of Leisure and Recreation Management Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yao‐Chen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Lee Wang
- Department of Public Health Chung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Ching‐Ju Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Yi Chen
- Department of Surgery Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
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3
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Wang J, Xiang H, Lu Y, Wu T. Role and clinical significance of TGF‑β1 and TGF‑βR1 in malignant tumors (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:55. [PMID: 33604683 PMCID: PMC7895515 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance and growth of malignant tumors is a complicated process that is regulated by a number of genes. In recent years, studies have revealed that the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway serves an important role in cell cycle regulation, growth and development, differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis and immune response. Notably, two members of the TGF-β signaling pathway, TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptor 1 (TGF-βR1), are highly expressed in a variety of tumors, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that TGF-β1 and TGF-βR1 promote proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells by activating other signaling pathways, signaling molecules or microRNAs (miRs), such as the NF-κB signaling pathway and miR-133b. In addition, some inhibitors targeting TGF-β1 and TGF-βR1 have exhibited positive effects in in vitro experiments. The present review discusses the association between TGF-β1 or TGF-βR1 and tumors, and the development of some inhibitors, hoping to provide more approaches to help identify novel tumor markers to restrain and cure tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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4
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Liu Y, Cao J, Zhu YN, Ma Y, Murtaza G, Li Y, Wang JH, Pu YS. C1222C Deletion in Exon 8 of ABL1 Is Involved in Carcinogenesis and Cell Cycle Control of Colorectal Cancer Through IRS1/PI3K/Akt Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1385. [PMID: 32850446 PMCID: PMC7433659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. ABL1 (c-Abl) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, whose role, and molecular mechanism in CRC remain largely unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of ABL1 to obtain information on colon cancer gene mutation. We analyzed the tissue samples obtained from patients with CRC, CRC cell lines, and the immunodeficient mice. The proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of CRC cells were examined. IPA software was used to analyze the molecules involved in CRC after ABL1 RNA interference. We found ABL1 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cells. This high expression was associated with the TNM stage of CRC patients. In exon 8 of the ABL1 gene, we identified a novel mutation of C1222C deletion, which was related to the CRC stage. Depletion of ABL1 resulted in the inhibition of proliferation and escalation of apoptosis in two CRC cell lines, SW480, and HCT-116. Our in vivo study also demonstrated that depletion of ABL1 reduced CRC tumor progression. The results of the ingenuity pathway analysis indicated that the expression of 732 genes was upregulated and that of 691 genes was downregulated in mice transplanted with ABL1-downregulated CRC cells, among which we confirmed that depletion of ABL1 inhibited TGF-β1 via IRS1/PI3K/AKT pathway in CRC progression. These findings demonstrated that ABL1 plays an important role and that it can be a potential molecular target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Ning Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Song Pu
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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5
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Talukdar J, Kataki K, Ali E, Choudhury BN, Baruah MN, Bhattacharyya M, Bhattacharjee S, Medhi S. Altered expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-βR2 in tissue samples compared to blood is associated with food habits and survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Curr Probl Cancer 2020; 45:100617. [PMID: 32660703 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2020.100617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptor 2 (TGF-βR2) are essential regulatory components which play an important role in different type of cancer. Expressions of TGF-β1 and TGF-βR2 were done by real-time qPCR in both biopsy and blood samples collected from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients (n = 76). The expression profiles were correlated with different lifestyle factors and clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed to estimate survival and hazard outcomes of different parameters. TGF-β1 showed upregulation in 91% tissue samples (2.84 ± 1.34*) and 55% blood samples (2.43 ± 1.24*) whereas expression of TGF-βR2 showed downregulation in 89% tissue samples (0.27 ± 0.23*) and 75% blood samples (0.30 ± 0.26*). Among all the parameters, TGF-β1 expression is significant with histopathology grade, consumption of betel nut and smoked food whereas TGF-βR2 expression is significant only with dysphagia grade in both blood and tissue samples and while analyzing both male and female patients separately. Consuming alcohol and hot food, difference in tumor stage and metastasis were found to have statistically significant (P < 0.05) impact on survival and mortality of male patients while consuming hot food, tobacco, metastasis and TGF-βR2 expression in tissue level were found to associate with survival and mortality of female patients. Expression of both TGF-β1 and TGF-βR2 in tissue samples may be prospective biomarkers for screening of ESCC among the Northeast population. Survival outcomes and hazard analysis supports the importance of some clinicopathological and lifestyle factors on ESCC development, whereas expression study depicts association of change in expression of the studied genes in ESCC patients. *Mean fold change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasree Talukdar
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India; Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Kangkana Kataki
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Eyashin Ali
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India; Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Munindra Narayan Baruah
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, North East Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Jorabat, India
| | | | | | - Subhash Medhi
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India.
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6
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Collard TJ, Fallatah HM, Greenhough A, Paraskeva C, Williams AC. BCL‑3 promotes cyclooxygenase‑2/prostaglandin E2 signalling in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1304-1313. [PMID: 32319612 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
First discovered as an oncogene in leukaemia, recent reports highlight an emerging role for the proto‑oncogene BCL‑3 in solid tumours. Importantly, BCL‑3 expression is upregulated in >30% of colorectal cancer cases and is reported to be associated with a poor prognosis. However, the mechanism by which BCL‑3 regulates tumorigenesis in the large intestine is yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, it was shown for the first time that knocking down BCL‑3 expression suppressed cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signalling in colorectal cancer cells, a pathway known to drive several of the hallmarks of cancer. RNAi‑mediated suppression of BCL‑3 expression decreased COX‑2 expression in colorectal cancer cells both at the mRNA and protein level. This reduction in COX‑2 expression resulted in a significant and functional reduction (30‑50%) in the quantity of pro‑tumorigenic PGE2 produced by the cancer cells, as shown by enzyme linked immunoassays and medium exchange experiments. In addition, inhibition of BCL‑3 expression also significantly suppressed cytokine‑induced (TNF‑α or IL‑1β) COX‑2 expression. Taken together, the results of the present study identified a novel role for BCL‑3 in colorectal cancer and suggested that expression of BCL‑3 may be a key determinant in the COX‑2‑meditated response to inflammatory cytokines in colorectal tumour cells. These results suggest that targeting BCL‑3 to suppress PGE2 synthesis may represent an alternative or complementary approach to using non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs [(NSAIDs), which inhibit cyclooxygenase activity and suppress the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin], for prevention and/or recurrence in PGE2‑driven tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Jane Collard
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Hafsah Mohammed Fallatah
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Greenhough
- Health and Applied Sciences, University of The West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Paraskeva
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Caroline Williams
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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7
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Jodoin R, Carrier JC, Rivard N, Bisaillon M, Perreault JP. G-quadruplex located in the 5'UTR of the BAG-1 mRNA affects both its cap-dependent and cap-independent translation through global secondary structure maintenance. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:10247-10266. [PMID: 31504805 PMCID: PMC6821271 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic BAG-1 protein isoforms are known to be overexpressed in colorectal tumors and are considered to be potential therapeutic targets. The isoforms are derived from alternative translation initiations occuring at four in-frame start codons of a single mRNA transcript. Its 5′UTR also contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) regulating the cap-independent translation of the transcript. An RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) is located at the 5′end of the BAG-1 5′UTR, upstream of the known cis-regulatory elements. Herein, we observed that the expression of BAG-1 isoforms is post-transcriptionally regulated in colorectal cancer cells and tumors, and that stabilisation of the rG4 by small molecules ligands reduces the expression of endogenous BAG-1 isoforms. We demonstrated a critical role for the rG4 in the control of both cap-dependent and independent translation of the BAG-1 mRNA in colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, we found an upstream ORF that also represses BAG-1 mRNA translation. The structural probing of the complete 5′UTR showed that the rG4 acts as a steric block which controls the initiation of translation at each start codon of the transcript and also maintains the global 5′UTR secondary structure required for IRES-dependent translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Jodoin
- Département de Biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Julie C Carrier
- Service de Gastro-entérologie, Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Rivard
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Martin Bisaillon
- Département de Biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Perreault
- Département de Biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada
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8
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Yin S, Miao Z, Tan Y, Wang P, Xu X, Zhang C, Hou W, Huang J, Xu H. SPHK1-induced autophagy in peritoneal mesothelial cell enhances gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1731-1743. [PMID: 30791228 PMCID: PMC6488120 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination (GCPD) has been recognized as the most common form of metastasis in advanced gastric cancer (GC), and the survival is pessimistic. The injury of mesothelial cells plays an important role in GCPD. However, its molecular mechanism is not entirely clear. Here, we focused on the sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) which regulates HPMCs autophagy in GCPD progression. Initially, we analyzed SPHK1 expression immunohistochemically in 120 GC peritoneal tissues, and found high SPHK1 expression to be significantly associated with LC3B expression and peritoneal recurrence, leading to poor prognosis. Using a coculture system, we observed that GC cells promoted HPMCs autophagy and this process was inhibited by blocking TGF-β1 secreted from GC cells. Autophagic HPMCs induced adhesion and invasion of GC cells. We also confirmed that knockdown of SPHK1 expression in HPMCs inhibited TGF-β1-induced autophagy. In addition, SPHK1-driven autophagy of HPMCs accelerated GC cells occurrence of GCPD in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we explored the relationship between autophagy and fibrosis in HPMCs, observing that overexpression of SPHK1 induced HPMCs fibrosis, while the inhibition of autophagy weakened HPMCs fibrosis. Taken together, our results provided new insights for understanding the mechanisms of GCPD and established SPHK1 as a novel target for GCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songcheng Yin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhifeng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuen Tan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengliang Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenbin Hou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Huimian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
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9
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Lin PL, Wu TC, Wu DW, Wang L, Chen CY, Lee H. An increase in BAG-1 by PD-L1 confers resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in non–small cell lung cancer via persistent activation of ERK signalling. Eur J Cancer 2017; 85:95-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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BASP1 interacts with oestrogen receptor α and modifies the tamoxifen response. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2771. [PMID: 28492543 PMCID: PMC5520704 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen binds to oestrogen receptor α (ERα) to elicit distinct responses that vary by cell/tissue type and status, but the factors that determine these differential effects are unknown. Here we report that the transcriptional corepressor BASP1 interacts with ERα and in breast cancer cells, this interaction is enhanced by tamoxifen. We find that BASP1 acts as a major selectivity factor in the transcriptional response of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. In all, 40% of the genes that are regulated by tamoxifen in breast cancer cells are BASP1 dependent, including several genes that are associated with tamoxifen resistance. BASP1 elicits tumour-suppressor activity in breast cancer cells and enhances the antitumourigenic effects of tamoxifen treatment. Moreover, BASP1 is expressed in breast cancer tissue and is associated with increased patient survival. Our data have identified BASP1 as an ERα cofactor that has a central role in the transcriptional and antitumourigenic effects of tamoxifen.
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11
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Amaro A, Chiara S, Pfeffer U. Molecular evolution of colorectal cancer: from multistep carcinogenesis to the big bang. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 35:63-74. [PMID: 26947218 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is characterized by exquisite genomic instability either in the form of microsatellite instability or chromosomal instability. Microsatellite instability is the result of mutation of mismatch repair genes or their silencing through promoter methylation as a consequence of the CpG island methylator phenotype. The molecular causes of chromosomal instability are less well characterized. Genomic instability and field cancerization lead to a high degree of intratumoral heterogeneity and determine the formation of cancer stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by the TGF-β and APC pathways. Recent analyses using integrated genomics reveal different phases of colorectal cancer evolution. An initial phase of genomic instability that yields many clones with different mutations (big bang) is followed by an important, previously not detected phase of cancer evolution that consists in the stabilization of several clones and a relatively flat outgrowth. The big bang model can best explain the coexistence of several stable clones and is compatible with the fact that the analysis of the bulk of the primary tumor yields prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Amaro
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvana Chiara
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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12
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Urban BC, Collard TJ, Eagle CJ, Southern SL, Greenhough A, Hamdollah-Zadeh M, Ghosh A, Poulsom R, Paraskeva C, Silver A, Williams AC. BCL-3 expression promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through activation of AKT signalling. Gut 2016; 65:1151-64. [PMID: 26033966 PMCID: PMC4941180 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer remains the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Here we investigate the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) co-factor B-cell CLL/lymphoma 3 (BCL-3) in promoting colorectal tumour cell survival. DESIGN Immunohistochemistry was carried out on 47 tumour samples and normal tissue from resection margins. The role of BCL-3/NF-κB complexes on cell growth was studied in vivo and in vitro using an siRNA approach and exogenous BCL-3 expression in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma cells. The question whether BCL-3 activated the AKT/protein kinase B (PKB) pathway in colorectal tumour cells was addressed by western blotting and confocal microscopy, and the ability of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) to suppress BCL-3 expression was also investigated. RESULTS We report increased BCL-3 expression in human colorectal cancers and demonstrate that BCL-3 expression promotes tumour cell survival in vitro and tumour growth in mouse xenografts in vivo, dependent on interaction with NF-κB p50 or p52 homodimers. We show that BCL-3 promotes cell survival under conditions relevant to the tumour microenvironment, protecting both colorectal adenoma and carcinoma cells from apoptosis via activation of the AKT survival pathway: AKT activation is mediated via both PI3K and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, leading to phosphorylation of downstream targets GSK-3β and FoxO1/3a. Treatment with 5-ASA suppressed BCL-3 expression in colorectal cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study helps to unravel the mechanism by which BCL-3 is linked to poor prognosis in colorectal cancer; we suggest that targeting BCL-3 activity represents an exciting therapeutic opportunity potentially increasing the sensitivity of tumour cells to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina C Urban
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tracey J Collard
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Catherine J Eagle
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | - Anil Ghosh
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Intervention, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - Richard Poulsom
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Intervention, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - Christos Paraskeva
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Silver
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Intervention, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - Ann C Williams
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Huang W, Liu Z, Zhou G, Ling J, Tian A, Sun N. Silencing Bag-1 gene via magnetic gold nanoparticle-delivered siRNA plasmid for colorectal cancer therapy in vivo and in vitro. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10365-74. [PMID: 26846101 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis disorder is generally regarded as an important mechanism of carcinogenesis. Inducement of tumor cell apoptosis can be an effectual way to treat cancer. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 1 (Bag-1) is a positive regulator of Bcl-2 which is an anti-apoptotic gene. Bag-1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer, which plays a critical role in promoting metastasis, poor prognosis, especially in anti-apoptotic function, and is perhaps a valuable gene target for colorectal cancer therapy. Recently, we applied a novel non-viral gene carrier, magnetic gold nanoparticle, and mediated plasmid pGPH1/GFP/Neo-Bag-1-homo-825 silencing Bag-1 gene for treating colorectal cancer in vivo and in vitro. By mediating with magnetic gold nanoparticle, siRNA plasmid was successfully transfected into cell. In 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, magnetic gold nanoparticle had no significant cytotoxicity and by which delivered RNA plasmid inhibited cell viability significantly (P < 0.05). Downregulation of Bag-1 promoted cell apoptosis (∼47.0 %) in vitro and significantly decreased tumor growth when the cells were injected into nude mice. Based on the studies in vivo, the relative expression of Bag-1 was 0.165 ± 0.072 at mRNA level and ∼60 % at protein level. In further study, C-myc and β-catenin, mainly molecules of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, were decreased notably when Bag-1 were silenced in nanoparticle plasmid complex-transfected Balb c/nude tumor xenograft. In conclusion, Bag-1 is confirmed an anti-apoptosis gene that functioned in colorectal cancer, and the mechanism of Bag-1 gene causing colorectal cancer may be related to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway abnormality and suggested that magnetic gold nanoparticle-delivered siRNA plasmid silencing Bag-1 is an effective gene therapy method for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan'ao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanzhou Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Ling
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailing Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianfeng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 200012, People's Republic of China.
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The African-387 C>T TGFB1 variant is functional and associates with the ophthalmoplegic complication in juvenile myasthenia gravis. J Hum Genet 2015; 61:307-16. [PMID: 26632886 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although extraocular muscles are commonly affected by myasthenia gravis (MG) at presentation, a treatment-resistant ophthalmoplegic complication of MG (OP-MG) occurs in younger patients with African-genetic ancestry. In MG, pathogenic antibodies activate complement-mediated muscle damage and this may be potentiated in some OP-MG cases because of relative deficiency of decay-accelerating factor/CD55. Extending this argument, we hypothesized that OP-MG individuals may harbor African-specific polymorphisms in key genes influencing extraocular muscle remodeling. We screened the regulatory region of the transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1) gene encoding the cytokine pivotal in muscle healing responses. We show the frequency of an African-specific polymorphism TGFB1 c.-387 T (rs11466316) among South Africans with African-genetic ancestry is higher than 1000 Genomes African controls (17.2% vs 4.8%; P<1 × 10(-7)), and associates with juvenile OP-MG (28%; P=0.043). Further, TGFB1 -387 C>T is functional because it represses the TGFB1 promoter construct basal activity by fivefold, and OP-MG fibroblasts (-387 C/T or T/T) have lower basal TGFB1 mRNA transcripts compared with controls (-387 C/C)(P=0.001). Co-transfections with Sp1 show less responsiveness of the -387 T promoter compared with wild-type -387 C (P=0.015). Our findings suggest that population-specific alleles may lower TGFB1 expression, thereby influencing OP-MG susceptibility by inhibiting extraocular muscle CD55 upregulation and/or altered endplate remodeling.
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